User’s Manual Credits Application design & programming ........ Daniel “daan” Strebe & Paul J. Messmer. Manual design & authorship ................... Daniel “daan” Strebe, with Paul J. Messmer (Chapter 1, Appendices G&H.) Thanks to Tiffany M. Lillie, Sirus A Strebe, & Matthew Strebe for proofreading and many helpful comments. Dedicated to the memory of John Parr Snyder extraordinary researcher of and historian of map projections. He encouraged me. — daan Manual composed and edited using: • Adobe InDesign™ CS4 • Geocart™ • Adobe Photoshop™ • Adobe Illustrator™ This manual is typeset primarily in Adobe Garamond Pro with headings in Myriad Pro. Notices This manual describes Geocart 3.1. The maps you make with Geocart may be used however you see fit without license and without having to credit Geocart (though we would appreciate if you would when it is reasonable to do so). However, if you use geographic databases not supplied with Geocart, then you are responsible for properly licensing them. Some map projections included in Geocart were patented. Mapthematics LLC believes patents on all included projections have expired but accepts no responsibility for alleged infringement. Some corporations use logos similar in form to some map projections available in Geocart. The user of the Geocart software accepts sole responsibility for their use. The name Geocart is trademarked by Daniel R. Strebe in the United States of America. The Geocart software is copyrighted material belonging to Mapthematics LLC and Special Case Software LLC. You may not make copies of Geocart for other than backup purposes, and you may not lend or sell Geocart to another person or corporation unless you destroy all of your own copies before doing so. The media upon which this software and manual are recorded are guaranteed at the time of purchase. However, the author and publishers of this material make no warranties with respect to the suitability of this software for any particular purpose, and cannot be responsible for any consequences of its use. Information in this document is subject to change without notice and does not represent a commitment on the part of the copyright owner. The software described in this document is furnished under a license agreement or a nondisclosure agreement. The software may be used, copied or transferred only in accordance with the terms of the agreement. PostScript, PDF, Adobe Illustrator, Adobe Photoshop, and Adobe InDesign are trademarks of Adobe Systems Incorporated. Copyright ©1992-2010 Mapthematics LLC This document is copyrighted and all rights are reserved. It may not, in whole or part, be copied, photocopied, reproduced, translated, or reduced to any electronic medium or machine readable form without prior consent, in writing, from Mapthematics LLC. Contents Credits Notices Chapter 1: Setup Macintosh Information ........................................................................................................................... 1.1 Necessary Equipment ............................................................................................................................. 1.1 Installing Geocart on Macintosh ............................................................................................................ 1.1 Uninstalling Geocart on Macintosh ........................................................................................................ 1.3 Windows Information ............................................................................................................................... 1.4 Necessary Equipment ............................................................................................................................. 1.4 Installing Geocart 3 on Windows .......................................................................................................... 1.4 Uninstalling Geocart on Windows ......................................................................................................... 1.6 Licensing Geocart ..................................................................................................................................... 1.8 Technical Support ..................................................................................................................................... 1.8 Chapter 2: Introducing Geocart An Example Map ....................................................................................................................................... 2.1 Macintosh .............................................................................................................................................. 2.1 Windows ................................................................................................................................................ 2.1 Using the menus .................................................................................................................................... 2.2 Creating a map: ...................................................................................................................................... 2.2 Moving a map in the document ............................................................................................................. 2.2 Editing the map ..................................................................................................................................... 2.2 The Projection Class Menus .................................................................................................................... 2.5 The Geocart Menu (Mac only) ................................................................................................................. 2.7 The File Menu ............................................................................................................................................ 2.8 The Edit Menu............................................................................................................................................ 2.10 The Map Menu ........................................................................................................................................... 2.10 The Projection Menu ................................................................................................................................ 2.12 The Object Menu ....................................................................................................................................... 2.12 The View Menu .......................................................................................................................................... 2.13 The Window Menu (Windows) ................................................................................................................ 2.14 The Window Menu (Mac).......................................................................................................................... 2.14 The Help Menu .......................................................................................................................................... 2.14 Chapter 3: Essentials The Globe ................................................................................................................................................... 3.1 Latitude and longitude ........................................................................................................................... 3.1 The coordinate system ............................................................................................................................ 3.2 Graticule ................................................................................................................................................ 3.2 Scale ....................................................................................................................................................... 3.2 Great circle ............................................................................................................................................. 3.2 Rhumb ................................................................................................................................................... 3.3 Small circle ............................................................................................................................................. 3.3 Direction ................................................................................................................................................ 3.3 Earth’s shape ........................................................................................................................................... 3.3 Hemisphere ............................................................................................................................................ 3.4 Projections ................................................................................................................................................. 3.4 Problems with globes .............................................................................................................................. 3.4 Developable surface ................................................................................................................................ 3.4 Distortion .............................................................................................................................................. 3.4 Types of distortion ................................................................................................................................