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(CBRN) Respiratory Protection Handbook

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(CBRN) Respiratory Protection Handbook Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear (CBRN) Respiratory Protection Handbook This page intentionally left blank 2 NATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH This document is in the public domain and may be freely copied or reprinted DISCLAIMER Mention of any company or product does not constitute endorsement by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. In addition, citations to websites external to NIOSH do not constitute NIOSH endorsement of the sponsoring organizations or their programs or products. Furthermore, NIOSH is not responsible for the content of these websites. All web addresses referenced in this document were accessible as of the publication date. ORDERING INFORMATION To receive documents or other information about occupational safety and health topics, contact NIOSH: Telephone: 1-800-CDC-INFO (1-800-232-4636) TTY: 1-888-232-6348 CDC INFO: www.cdc.gov/info or visit the NIOSH website at http://www.cdc.gov/niosh For a monthly update on news at NIOSH, subscribe to NIOSH eNews by visiting www.cdc.gov/niosh/eNews. SUGGESTED CITATION NIOSH [2018]. CBRN respiratory protection handbook. By Janssen L, Johnson AT, Johnson JS, Mansdorf SZ, Medici OR, Metzler RW, Rehak TR, Szalajda JV. Pittsburgh, PA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, DHHS (NIOSH) Publication No. 2018-166, https://doi.org/10.26616/NIOSHPUB2018166. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26616/NIOSHPUB2018166 DHHS (NIOSH) Publication No. 2018-166 July 2018 3 NATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH CBRN RESPIRATORY PROTECTION HANDBOOK ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We would like to express our thanks and gratitude to the authors and editor of this handbook: Larry Janssen, MS, CIH, Respiratory Protection Consultant (chapters 4 and 9) Arthur T. Johnson, PhD, PE, Professor Emeritus, Bioengineering, University of Maryland (chapter 7) James S. Johnson, PhD, CIH, QEP, Industrial Hygiene Consultant, JSJ and Associates (chapters 5 and 6) S. Z. Mansdorf, PhD, CIH, CSP, QEP, Consultant (chapter 9) Osvaldo R. Medici, MEC E, MS Hygiene, Respiratory Protection Consultant (chapter 3) Richard W. Metzler, MSIE, Respiratory Protection Consultant (chapters 1, 2, and 3) Timothy R. Rehak, PE, NIOSH/NPPTL (chapters 1, 2, and 3) Jonathan V. Szalajda, MS, NIOSH/NPPTL (chapters 1, 2, and 3) Jordan Moore, MBA/MA, NIOSH/NPPTL (editor) We would like to thank the respirator manufacturers who provided NIOSH with pictures of their CBRN respirator products to be used as illustrations. We would also like to give special thanks to Chief Mark Aston of the Sonoma County Fire & Emergency Services Department in Santa Rosa, California and Lieutenant Greg Yeager of the Fort Collins Police Service in Fort Collins, Colorado for providing the current copies of their respiratory protection programs for inclusion in this handbook. Finally, the authors acknowledge the technical contributions and experience of Terrence Cloonan, BS, Physical Scientist, NIOSH, National Personal Protective Technology Laboratory drawn upon for providing background information related to the protection needs of the emergency response community. 4 NATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH CBRN RESPIRATORY PROTECTION HANDBOOK CONTENTS List of Acronyms 7 Chapter 1 – Introduction 10 Chapter 2 – NIOSH CBRN Respiratory Protective Device Approval Program 18 • Approval of Respirators with CBRN Protection – RPD Types, Key Standards and Tests Chapter 3 – CBRN Respirator Equipment 43 • CBRN Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus • CBRN Powered Air-Purifying Respirators • CBRN Air-Purifying Respirators • CBRN Air-Purifying Escape Respirators • Components for CBRN Air-Purifying Respirators • Air-Purifying Respirators • Maintenance and Storage of CBRN RPDs Chapter 4 – CBRN Respirator Selection 79 • CBRN Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus • CBRN Powered Air-Purifying Respirators • CBRN Air-Purifying Respirators • CBRN Air-Purifying Escape Respirators • Components for CBRN Air-Purifying Respirators • Air-Purifying Respirators • Maintenance and Storage of CBRN RPDs Chapter 5 – CBRN Respiratory Protection Program Requirements 91 • General Requirements • Procedures for Selecting Respirators for Use in a CBRN Response • Medical Evaluations of Employees Required to Use CBRN Respirators • Fit Testing Procedures for Tight-Fitting CBRN Respirators • Procedures for Proper Use of CBRN Respirators in Routine and Reasonable Foreseeable Emergency Situations • Procedures and Schedules for Cleaning, Disinfecting, Storing, Inspecting, Repairing, Discarding, and Otherwise Maintaining CBRN Respirators • Procedures to Ensure Adequate Air Quality, Quantity, and Flow of Breathing Air for Atmosphere- Supplying CBRN Respirators • Procedures for Training • Procedures for Regularly Evaluating Effectiveness of the Program • Recordkeeping Chapter 6 – CBRN Respirator Fit Testing Methods 101 • Respirator Fit Testing • Fit Test Methods • Qualitative Fit Test Methods • Quantitative Fit Test Methods • Fit Test Exercises • User Seal Check 5 NATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH CBRN RESPIRATORY PROTECTION HANDBOOK Chapter 7 – CBRN Equipment and the Wearer 109 • The Nature of the Threat to Health • CBRN Equipment Effects • Control and Training Issues • Physiological Reponses to Work Activity • Physiological Limits Chapter 8 – Respirator Decontamination and Disposal 133 • What is Contamination? • Types of Contamination • Effects of Contamination • Evaluation of Contamination • General Decontamination Approaches for Each Type of CBRN Agent • General Decontamination Approaches for CBRN Respirators • Decontamination Staging • Complicating Issues in Decontamination Chapter 9 – CBRN Respirator User Training 141 • Regulations and Standards • Instructors • Specificity • Evaluation • Frequency • Records • Training Program Development Template Appendix A – CBRN Respirator Standards A-1 Air-Purifying Respirators (APR) with CBRN Protection A-2 Powered Air-Purifying Respirators (PAPR) with CBRN Protection A-17 Air-Purifying Escape Respirators (APER) with CBRN Protection A-26 Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) with CBRN Protection A-55 Appendix B – OSHA CBRN Fit Testing Interpretation Letter B-1 Appendix C – Respiratory Protection Program Samples C-1 6 NATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH LIST OF ACRONYMS LIST OF ACRONYMS AEGL Acute Emergency Guideline Levels AHJ Authorities Having Jurisdiction ANSI American National Standards Institute APER Air-Purifying Escape Respirator APF Assigned Protection Factor APR Air-Purifying Respirator ASTM American Society for Testing and Materials ATP Adenosine Triphosphate ATSDR Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry BSI British Standards Institution C&L Cautions and Limitations CAP Capacity CBRN Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear [Hazards] CDC Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (HHS) CEN European Committee for Standardization CFR United States Code of Federal Regulations CO Carbon Monoxide COPD Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease CS Tear Gas CWA Chemical Warfare Agent DHS U.S. Department of Homeland Security DOC U.S. Department of Commerce DoD U.S. Department of Defense DOE U.S. Department of Energy DOJ U.S. Department of Justice DOL U.S. Department of Labor DOP Dioctyl phthalate DOT U.S. Department of Transportation EMS Emergency Medical Services EN European Standards 7 NATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH LIST OF ACRONYMS EPA Environmental Protection Agency EPDM Ethylene Propylene Diene Monomer ESLI End-of-Service-Life Indicator FF Fit Factor GA Tabun GB Sarin GD Soman HAZWOPER OSHA’s Hazardous Waste Regulation (29 CFR 1910.120) HD Distilled Sulfur Mustard [Chemical Warfare Agent] HHS U.S. Department of Health and Human Services HR Hazard Ratio IAB InterAgency Board for Equipment Standardization and Interoperability IAFC International Association of Fire Chiefs IAFF International Association of Fire Fighters IDLH Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health ISEA International Safety Equipment Association ITF International Task Force LAT Live Agent Test LERL 1 Law Enforcement Response Level 1 Li-ion Lithium Ion LiMnO2 Lithium-Manganese Dioxide LiSO2 Lithium-Sulfur Dioxide LPM Liters per Minute LRPL Laboratory Respirator Protection Level MIPT Memorial Institute for the Prevention of Terrorism (Oklahoma City) MOU Memorandum of Understanding MPC Minimum Packaging Configuration MRT Modified Rhyme Test MSHA Mine Safety and Health Administration NFPA National Fire Protection Association NIJ National Institute of Justice NiMH Nickel-Metal Hydride NIOSH National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (HHS/CDC) 8 NATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH LIST OF ACRONYMS NIST National Institute for Standards and Technology (DOC) NPPTL National Personal Protection Technology Laboratory (HHS/CDC/NIOSH) ODP Office for Domestic Preparedness (DOJ) OEL Occupational Exposure Limit OJP Office of Justice Programs (DOJ) OSHA Occupational Safety and Health Administration (DOL) PAPR Powered Air-Purifying Respirator PEL Permissible Exposure Limit PLHCP Physician or Other Licensed Health Care Professional PPE Personal Protective Equipment QLFT Qualitative Fit Test QNFT Quantitative Fit Test RDECOM Research, Development, and Engineering Command (USARMY) REL Recommended Exposure Limit RFT Respirator Fit Test ROP Report on Proposals [NFPA Standards Terminology] RPD Respiratory Protective Device
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