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Ttl Iii26 (C) 28 USOO6610977B2 (12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 6,610,977 B2 Megerle (45) Date of Patent: Aug. 26, 2003 (54) SECURITY SYSTEM FOR NBC-SAFE 5,692,029 A 11/1997 Husseiny et al. BUILDING 5,692,446 A 12/1997 Becker et al. 5,866.430 A 2/1999 Grow (75) Inventor: Clifford Megerle, Manassas, VA (US) 5,915,268 A 6/1999 Linker et al. 5,965,882 A 10/1999 Megerle et al. (73) Assignee: Lockheed Martin Corporation, 6,073,499 A 6/2000 Settles Bethesda, MD (US) 6,100,698 A 8/2000 Megerle et al. OTHER PUBLICATIONS * ) Notice: Subject to anyy disclaimer, the term of this patent is extended or adjusted under 35 U.S. Pub: 2003/0009661 A1, “Security System and Method U.S.C. 154(b) by 53 days. of Security Service Business”, Tsutsumi et al. (Jan. 9, 2003 ).* (21) Appl. No.: 09/969,050 * cited by examiner (22) Filed: Oct. 1, 2001 Primary Examiner John R. Lee O O ASSistant Examiner Zia R. Hashmi (65)65 PriorO PublicationCaO Data (74) Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Simpson & Simpson, PLLC US 2003/0085348 A1 May 8, 2003 (57) ABSTRACT (51) Int. Cl." ................................................ G01N 23/00 (52) U.S. Cl. ........................ 250,287: 250/286, 73,232. A method and apparatus for Screening an object for the 73/28.01, 73/23; 7323,36. 37s'ss. 37ss6. presence of an explosive, chemical warfare agent, biological s s s 37s?is6 warfare agent, drug, metal, weapon, and/or radioactive (58) Field of Search 250/287, 286; material. The apparatus includes a portal through which the 73/23.2, 28.01, 23, 23.36: 378/85, 86, 186 object is arranged to pass, the portal including a housing • as a Y- - Y -us a-1s a- - - ws s Y-s/s equipped with an ion mobility Spectrometer and a Surface (56) References Cited acoustic wave device for detecting explosives, drugs and chemical warfare agents. In another embodiment the hous U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS ing is equipped with a biological warfare agent detector, 4987767. A 1/1991 Corrigan et al chemical warfare agent detector, metal detector, X-ray 5,047 723 A 9/1991 With System, and/or radiation detector. 5,109,691 A 5/1992 Corrigan et al. 5,311,166 A 5/1994 Frye 60 Claims, 15 Drawing Sheets 114 13 TTL III26 (C) 28 22 U.S. Patent Aug. 26, 2003 Sheet 1 of 15 US 6,610,977 B2 14 U.S. Patent Aug. 26, 2003 Sheet 2 of 15 US 6,610,977 B2 U.S. Patent Aug. 26, 2003 Sheet 3 of 15 US 6,610,977 B2 Fig. 3 U.S. Patent Aug. 26, 2003 Sheet 4 of 15 US 6,610,977 B2 Fig. 4 U.S. Patent Aug. 26, 2003 Sheet S of 15 US 6,610,977 B2 U.S. Patent Aug. 26, 2003 Sheet 6 of 15 US 6,610,977 B2 L7 L8 --- 31 22 Fig 6 U.S. Patent Aug. 26, 2003 Sheet 7 of 15 US 6,610,977 B2 U.S. Patent Aug. 26, 2003 Sheet 8 of 15 US 6,610,977 B2 U.S. Patent Aug. 26, 2003 Sheet 9 of 15 US 6,610,977 B2 U.S. Patent Aug. 26, 2003 Sheet 10 of 15 US 6,610,977 B2 U.S. Patent Aug. 26, 2003 Sheet 11 of 15 US 6,610,977 B2 BIO SENSOR COMPONENTS CLLECTORM FLUID TRANSPORT | DETECTOR IDENTFER SAPE CONCENTRATR SYSTEM SRA 23A 23B 23C 23) 23E 23F Fig 11 U.S. Patent Aug. 26, 2003 Sheet 12 of 15 US 6,610,977 B2 SURFACE ACDUSTIC WAVE SENSOR Fig 12 U.S. Patent Aug. 26, 2003 Sheet 13 of 15 US 6,610,977 B2 METAL DETECTOR 18 Fig, 13 U.S. Patent Aug. 26, 2003 Sheet 14 of 15 US 6,610,977 B2 114 301 U.S. Patent Aug. 26, 2003 Sheet 15 of 15 US 6,610,977 B2 2OB 2OD 2OE 2OF \ 10pF/50OV 300-500VHV- Supply Amplifier C Tuloe N-2OC 20C A K N-2OH Fig. 15 US 6,610,977 B2 1 2 SECURITY SYSTEM FOR NBC-SAFE pSittaci, Shigella dysenteriae, StaphylococcuS aureus, yers BUILDING inia pestis, burkholderia mallei, and Salmonella typhi. STATEMENT REGARDING FEDERALLY Chemical Warfare Agents SPONSORED RESEARCH OR DEVELOPMENT 5 Chemical warfare agents include, but are not limited to: The U.S. Government has a paid-up license in this inven blister agents (e.g., Mustards and Lewisite), nerve agents tion and the right in limited circumstances to require the (e.g., Sarin, VX, Tabun and Soman)), arsenicals, the patent owner to license others on reasonable terms as G-agents, and blood agents (cyanides). More particularly, provided for by the terms of Contract No. MDA972-99-3- chemical warfare agents further include, but are not limited 0029 awarded by DARPA. to: GF, Mustard-Lewisite HL, Levinstein Mustard H, Nitro gen Mustards HN-1, HN-2, HN-3, Mustard-T mixture HT, FIELD OF THE INVENTION Acrolein, Cyanogen Chloride CK, Chloropicrin, Chlorosul fonic acid, Diphosgene, Chlorine, Phosgene Oxime (CX), The present invention relates generally to Security SyS Phosgene (CG), Ethyldicho roarsine (ED), tems and, more particularly, to a Security System for NBC 15 Ethyldibromoarsine, Diphenylchloroarsine (DA), Diphenyl Safe buildings. cyanarsine (DC), Ethylbromoacetate, Ethyliodoacetate, Ethylace tate, Bromo ace tone, Chloro ace tone, BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Benzylbromide, Xylylbromide, Sodiumdichloroicocyanate. Physical security for NBC-safe buildings requires that no This, of course, is but a partial representative list. entering perSonnel, packages or Vehicles carry Weapons, explosives, chemical warfare agents, or biological warfare Weapons agents. Unfortunately, heretofore, no convenient, Single point inspection System containing Sensors for all of these For purposes of this patent, a “weapon' is defined to be classes of threats has existed. any object or Substance designed to inflict a wound, cause 25 injury, or incapacitate, including, but not limited to, all A possible reason for the lack of Such a Single-point firearms, BB guns, air guns, pellet guns, knives (including inspection System is the breadth and variety of the possible Switchblade knives), axes, brass knuckles, Swords, staffs, threatening agents and devices, and the corresponding num bOS, ninja weapons, escrima Sticks, Sai, kama, whips, chains, ber and variety of necessary Sensing, detection and identi Shinai, tonfa, nunchaku, blowguns, Slingshots, and croSS fication apparatus necessary to implement Such a unified bows. It should be appreciated that this is only a partial list. System, as well as the problem of an effective methodology for detecting such a wide variety of threats. To better Explosives understand the problem to be solved, it is useful to under Stand and appreciate the various types of threats and agents Explosives are compounds capable of rapid decomposi at issue. We therefore begin with a general discussion of tion with generation of high heat and a large quantity of these various types/classes of threats: 35 gaseous product giving rise to a shock wave. The first recognized explosive was gunpowder which generally con Biological Warfare Agents sists of a mix of potassium nitrate (75%), charcoal (10%) and Sulphur (10%). The next major advancement was the The phrase “biological warfare agents' as used in this discovery of nitroglycerine in 1846 by Ascanio Sobreo. patent refers generally to toxins, bioregulators, and biologi 40 cal warfare organisms. These agents, in turn, are described Alfred Noble later mixed nitroglycerine with silica to make as follows: the more Stable compound dynamite. Toxins There are generally four main groups of explosives: Toxins are poisons produced by living organisms. They Primary, Low, High and Blasting Agents. For purposes of are extremely poisonous and generally have a toxicity 45 this patent, the term “explosive' includes explosives, blast Several orders of magnitude greater than nerve agents. ing agents, and detonators. It further includes, but is not Cytotoxins (such as ricin) cause cellular destruction, limited to: whereas neurotoxins affect the central nervous System. Primary Explosives Bioregulators Lead Azide-primary explosive used mainly as a deto Bioregulators are Substances related to those normally 50 nator in blasting caps and fuse detonators. found in the body that regulate certain body functions and Lead Styphnate-primary explosive used mainly as a processes. Some bioregulator agents influence blood detonator in blasting caps. preSSure, others cause pain. An example of a bioregulator is Mercury gulminate-primary explosive used mainly as a Substance P which causes a rapid loss of blood pressure. detonator. Biological Warfare Organisms 55 Low Explosives Biological warfare organisms, as opposed to chemical agents or toxins, are, by definition, alive. These organisms Gunpowder-low explosive used as a propellant. include Viruses, bacteria, rickettsia, and fungi. All of them Fireworks-low explosive used as a propellant. are capable of genetic engineering, which can make them High Explosives more virulent, less treatable, and more difficult to detect. 60 RDX-high explosive made of nitric acid and Known virus warfare organisms include, but are not hexamethylene-tetramine often used in bombs as a limited to, variola virus, Venezuelan equine encephalitis primer or booster. Virus, dengue virus, hantavirus, Marburg virus, Ebola virus, TNT -high explosive made of trintro-totoluene and is the Crimean Congo hemorrhagic fever virus, and arenaviruses. most widely used military explosive in the world. TNT Known bacteria warfare organisms include, but are not 65 is used alone or in combination with other explosives as limited to, bacillus anthracis, cloStridium botulinum, fran a main charge in artillery projectiles, mortar rounds, cisella tularensis, brucella, vibrio cholerae, chlamydia and aerial bombs. US 6,610,977 B2 3 4 Pentolite (PETN+TNT)-high explosive made of Pen requirements of the 15-year use-up period described in 18 taerythritol tretrinitrate often used in detonating caps U.S.C.
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