Part IT TheyQUn erlCa Gary Allen, a graduate of Stanford, is author of None Dare Call It Conspiracy, The Rockefeller File, Kissinger: Secret Side Of The Secretary Of State, and /Jimmy Carter. Mr. Allen is an AMERICAN OPINION Contributing Editor.

• LAST MONTH we reviewed the foundations, and the Establishment hierarchy of the Council on Foreign think tanks, represents a ruling elite Relations (C.F.R.) and the Trilateral with commanding leverage over the Commission (T.C.), the two powerful economy, politics, and public opin­ elitist policy groups run by the ion of these United States. , and traced their Americans have come increasingly interlock with the Big Six Banks to suspect that there is a group of of New York . This combination, important operators, Insiders if you reaching into the giant multinational will, who load the economic dice , corporations, the mass media, the manipulate foreign policy, and fix

J UNE. 1978 33 our political horse rac es. But evidence seven, Paley helped found the of this is seldom presented. It is obvi­ Columbia Broadcasting System in ously not in the best interests of the 1928. He is a member of the Es­ Establishment to provide the public tablishment Insiders' highly secre ­ with proof of its channels of control. tive P ilgrim Society and the Council In this article, we will continue to in­ on Foreign Relations. The board of di­ dicate the lines along which such rectors of CBS includes: power flows. Courtney Brown is a graduate of Dartmouth with a Ph.D . from The Mass Media Columbia and a law degree from AWAKENED to the Establishment Miami University. He has worked for power game, one immediately won­ both Bankers Trust and Chase ders how the elitists get by with it Manhattan Bank. Dr. Brown serves as without someone blowing the whistle. a director of Borden Company, Union One answer isthat the Establishment Pacific Railroad, and the Chemical owns or controls most of the whistles. Bank. He has been executive director This is only a slight oversimplifica­ and is chairman of the board of trus­ tion. The idea is to regulate public tees of American Assembly, a think opinion while creating the appear­ tank which specializes in providing ance of free speech an d weak opposi­ " Liberal" indoctrination for indus­ tion. trialists. Most reporters, whether in the elec­ William Burden is a cum laude tronic or printed media, are simply graduate of Harvard and has held trying to advance their careers. They many positions in government realize, instinctively or otherwise, including that of Ambassador to that the best way to climb the media Belgium. He has served on the board ladder to that great newspaper or of the Atlantic Cou ncil, which television station in the sky is to play advocates the merging of the U.S. what they perceive to be the Estab­ with the nations of Western Europe lishment game. Chances are that the into a single government. Burden is.a owner of the station or newspaper, its member of the Insiders' C.F.R. chairman or executive publisher, are Roswell Gilpatrick is a lawyer and plugged in more directly. At the net­ a graduate of Yale. He served as Un­ work level, there is no question about dersecretary of the Air Force and is a it . director of Eastern Airlines, Fairchild A Field poll has revealed that Camera, and the key Federal Reserve seventy-three percent of the people in Bank of New York. Mr. Gilpatrick the United States rely primarily on was a member of the Rockefeller network television as their major Brothers Special Studies Project and source of public information. By is a member of the C.F.R. controlling network news, one may James Houghton is a Harvard directly influence the political graduate who has worked for the In­ behavior of the American people . sider investment banking firm of Consider the background of those in Goldman, Sachs & Company, as well charge. as serving as international counsel for the Morgan Guaranty Trust Com­ The CBS Network pany. He is a director of Sperry & For many years the chairman of Hutchinson, Metropolitan Life, and the board of CBS has been William Corning International. Mr. Houghton S. Paley. A lawyer, now age seventy- is another member of the In-

34 AMERICAN OPINION siders' Council on Foreign Relations. eludes the following interlocks with Henry Schacht holds degrees the major Establishment institutions: from both Harvard and Yale. He is John T. Connor is a Harvard law­ president of the Rockefeller-con­ yer who served as Secretary of Com­ trolled Cummins Engine Company merce under L.B.J. He is a director of and a member of both the C.F.R and General Motors, General Foods, the . Chase Manhattan Bank, and is a Frank Stanton served as president member of the Business Council, the of CBS for many years and is still a Pilgrim Society, and the C.F.R member of its board. He is also a di­ George Jenkins is a graduate of rector of Atlantic Richfield, Pan Princeton with an M.B.A. from Har­ Am, and New York Life. Dr. vard. He is chairman of the board of Stanton is a trustee of Rand Corpora­ Metropolitan Life and is a director of tion, the important think tank, as well Bethlehem Steel and First National as of the Establishment Insiders' su­ City Bank. per-influential Business Council. He Thomas Macioce is a lawyer and was a trustee of the Rockefeller merchandising executive. He is a di­ Foundation and of the Carnegie In­ rector of the giant Manufacturers stitution, and is a member of the Hanover Trust Company. C.F.R Time, Incorporated The NBC Network Chairman of the board of Time, This is a subsidiary of RC.A., the Incorporated, is Andrew Heiskell, a Radio Corporation of America. Key product of the Harvard Business members of the board of directors of School. For many years he was in­ RC.A. inelude the following: volved with the production of Life Thornton Bradshaw is a graduate magazine. Mr. Heiskell is co-chairman of Harvard and is president of of the radical Urban Coalition and Atlantic Richfield. He is on the board the Joint Center for InterAmerican of the Insiders ' subversive Foreign Relations. He was one of the Policy Association and the Aspen In­ founders and a director of the Rocke­ stitute for Humanistic Studies, is a feller-backed Common Cause. Mem­ director of the Los Angeles World bers of the board of directors of this Affairs Council, and is a member of vast publishing empire explain its role the C.F.R in the Establishment design. William Hittinger is a member of Hedley Donovan is a Rhodes the Foreign Policy Association. Scholar who is editor-in-chief of Herbert Schlosser, president of Time, Incorporated, a trustee of the NBC, was recruited as a summa cum Insiders ' Carnegie Endowment for In­ laude graduate of Princeton and the ternational Peace, a member of the Yale Law School. He is a member of Trilateral Commission, and a director the C.F.R of the C.F.R Robert Werner was graduated Gaylord Freeman is a Harvard law from Yale and took a law degree at graduate and heads the First Chicago Harvard. He is a director of numerous Corporation. He is also a director of corporations including Random Caterpillar and of Borg-Warner, House and Hertz. among others. Mr. Freeman is on the board of trustees of the radical Aspen The ABC Network Institute for Humanistic Studies. Here the board of directors in- Alexander Heard is a Columbia

J UNE,1978 35 lawyer, chairman of the board of the Insiders' Atlantic Council; the trustees of the Ford Foundation, and Business Advisory Council, which is a member of the C.F.R. the C.F.R.'s patronage link to the Matina Horner was graduated federal government; the Committee cum laude from Bryn Mawr and is for Economic Development, which is president of Radcliffe. the C.F.R.'s major economic propa­ J ames Linen is chairman of the ganda arm; and, of course, the C.F.R. executive committee of Time, Incor­ porated. He is also a member of the Newsweek/Washington Post Urban League and past president of The owner and publisher of the that radical group, as well as serving Washington Post and Newsweek the Insiders' Business Council and magazine is Katherine Graham, the C.F.R. termed "probably the most powerful Sol Linowitz recently gained noto ­ woman" in our country "even before riety for his role in turning over our Watergate" by Professor Thomas . Canal in Panama to Castroite dictator Dye in his book Who's Running Amer­ Omar Torrijos. He has been chairman ica? She is the daughter of the late of the board of Xerox and is a direc­ Eugene Meyer, a former head of the tor of the Marine Midland Bank. Mr. Federal Reserve System. Mrs. Gra­ Linowitz headed the National Urban ham is a trustee of the Insiders' Coalition and is a trustee of American Committee for Economic Develop­ Assembly as well as the National ment as well as their American As­ Planning Association. Linowitz is a sembly. She is also a C.F.R. member. member of the Trilateral Commis­ The Washington Post is the most sion and the C.F.R. influential newspaper in the nation's Frank Pace is a Harvard lawyer, capital and runs a close second to the served as Secretary of the Army, and New York Times in national prestige is a past chairman of the board and and prominence. Many of the old chief executive officer of L.B.J.'s C.F.R. warhorses who formed the nu­ favorite corporation, General Dy­ cleus of the Post-Newsweek network namics. His directorships include, have been retired by God or old age. among others, Colgate Palmolive and They included Frederick Beebe, the Continental Oil. Pace has served as late Phillip Graham, Malcolm Muir, chairman of N .A.T.O., was a member Osborn Elliot, Robert Christopher, of the President's Foreign Intelli­ Philip Geyelin, and Kermit Lansner. gence Advisory Board, and serves at Key members of the board are: the . Nicholas de B. Katzenbach is a Rawleigh Warner, a cum laude graduate of Princeton and the Yale graduate of Princeton, is chief Law School and was a Rhodes Schol­ executive officer of Mobil Oil. He is ar. He taught at Yale and the Univer­ a director of Caterpillar Tractor, sity of Chicago Law School, served as the Chemical Bank, and American U.S. Attorney General and Undersec­ Express. Mr. Warner is a member of retary of State, has been a Ford the Insiders' C.F.R. Foundation Fellow, and is a director Thomas Watson is the man who of LB.M. Mr. Katzenbach is a mem­ turned LB.M. into a world giant. He is ber of the C.F.R. a director of Bankers Trust and Pan Arjay Miller has been an econo­ Am, and has been a trustee of the mist for the Federal Reserve Bank . Mr. Watson and president of the Ford Motor belongs to the elite Pilgrim Society; Company. He is dean of the graduate

36 AMERICAN OPINION America is being run by a clique of key operators, interlocking with the Council on Foreign Relations, the Big Six Banks of New York, the Trilateral Commission, the mass media and multinational corporations, key foundations, the prestigious think tanks, and groups like the Business Council and C.E.D. school of business at Stanford, and a Here is a look at the New York director of Ford Motor, Wells Fargo Times board of directors. Bank, and Levi Strauss. Mr. Miller is William Cross is a Yale graduate a trustee of the Insiders' Committee and vice president of Morgan Guar­ for Economic Development and the anty Trust. Brookings Institution, and a member Richard Gelb has a B.A. from of the Trilateral Commission. Yale and an M.B.A. from Harvard. He heads Bristol Myers and is a direc­ tor of Bankers Trust. Mr. Gelb is a Few will argue that the New York member of the radical New York Ur­ Times is the most influential newspa­ ban Coalition, a trustee of the In­ per in the United States. A signifi­ siders' Committee for Economic cance of the Times, says its most Development (C.E.D.), and a member prominent "Liberal" columnist, of the C.F.R. James Reston, "is its multiplyer ef­ Marian Heiskell is the wife of fect. What appears in the Times Andrew Heiskell, head of Time, In­ automatically appears later in other corporated. She is the daughter of places." The late Arthur Hays Sulz­ former chairman of the board Arthur berger, long chairman of the board of Hays Sulzberger, a director of Merck the Times, was a member of the & Company, and a trustee of the Na­ C.F.R. There have since been at least tional Planning Association and eleven people in key positions at the Rockefeller University. Times who have earned membership William May heads the American in the C.F.R. Sulzberger's son-in-law, Can Comp any and is also a director of Orvil E. Dryfoos (C.F.R.), succeeded Johns-Manville and Bankers Trust. him as publisher. Other C.F .R. mem­ James Reston is the columnist bers at the Times have includedHard­ successor to C.F.R. founder Walter ing Bancroft, executive vice presi­ Lippmann as chief mouthpiece for dent; James Reston, vice president Establishment Insiders. He is of and columnist; .A.M. Rosenthal, course a member of the C.F.R. managing editor; Seymour Topping, William Scranton is the former assistant managing editor; Max governor of Pennsylvania who period­ Frankel, Sunday editor; Harrison ically puts the axe in political Conser­ Salisbury, associate editor; C.L. vatives to please the Rockefeller wing Sulzberger, columnist; and, David of the G.O.P . He is a director of Halberstram, columnist. LB.M., Scott Paper Company, Mu-

JUNE,1978 37 tual of New York, and Sun Oil Com­ Simon Incorporated, the Ford Motor pany. Scranton is on the executive Company, Hallmark Cards, and the committee of the Trilateral Com­ Bankof America. Dr. Murphy is a mission and a member of the C.F.R. member of the C.F.R. Arthur Ochs Sulzberger is a Simon Ramo is the founder of Dartmouth law graduate. Son of the the Thompson-Ramo-Woolridge Cor­ former chairman, he is now chairman poration - known as TRW - which of the board and president of the has become a giant in the space and New York Times Company. electronics field. Ramo is a member of the Insiders' Business Advisory The Gannett Holdings Council. The powerful Gannett Company publishes newspapers in forty U.S. The Multinationals cities from New York to Honolulu. THE Council on Foreign Relations Here are the key Establishment fig­ and the Trilateral Commission are not ures on its board. only heavily interlocked with the Wilmot Craig spent many years megabanks but with the top corpora­ with the Morgan Guaranty Trust. tions as well. Here we have room to William P. Rogers was Richard survey only the top twenty of the Nixon's Secretary of State from 1969 "Fortune Five Hundred" industrial to 1973. He is a practicing lawyer and a corporations, but the pattern is con­ member of the C.F.R. vincing. James Webb is a lawyer and has Thanks to progressive tax laws been deputy governor of the Interna­ which penalize entrepreneurs; inheri­ tional Bank for Reconstruction and tance, trust, and foundation loop­ Development and the Insider-con­ holes, which have been written to trolled International Monetary Fund. serve the old rich; and, "Liberal" regu­ His directorships include Kerr­ lations and legislation penalizing McGee, McGraw-Hill , and Sperry competition and capital accumula­ Rand. He is a trustee of the Insid ers' tion, America's economic power has C.E.D. become highl y concentrated. There are more than two hundred thousand The Los Angeles Times industrial corporations in the United This is the most important and in­ States with total assets in 1970of$554 fluential newspaper west of the Mis­ billion. But the top one hundred cor­ sissippi. Formerly a respected Con­ porations control fifty percent ($290 serva tive leader, the Los Angeles billion) of all industrial assets. As we Times made a hard left turn in the shall see, the top twenty multination­ late 1950s under the guidance of als are closely interlocked with the Dorothy "Buff"Chandler, whose apparatus serving the Rockefellers son Otis is now the publisher. It oper­ and their Insider friends through the ates a national news service with the Council on Foreign Relations and the Washington Post. Two interesting di­ Trilateral Commission. rectors are: The following are the top twenty Franklin Murphy, a physician, is industrial corporations ranked by as­ chairman of the board and chief sets in descending order: executive officer of the Times Mir­ ror Company. He was Chancellor of 1. Exxon Corporation the University of Kansas and The chairman of the board is Clif­ U.C.L.A., and is a director of Norton ton Garvin, a director of the First

JUNE,l978 39 National City Bank and the radical urally includes a number of key Es­ New York Urban Coalition. He is a tablishment figures. Here are six: trustee of the Insiders' Committee Anne Armstrong graduated from for Economic Development and a Vassar and has pursued a career in member of the C.F .R. Other mem­ politics and government, having been bers of the board include: U.S. Ambassador to the United King­ Jack Clarke was an attorney with dom. She is a member of the C.F.R. and Sullivan & Cromwell, a firm which the Trilateral Commission. for many years has handled the John T. Connor. See The ABC Rockefeller fam ily legal affairs. Network. Clarke is senior vice president of John De Butts is chairman of the Exxon and a member of the World board of A.T. & T . and a director of Peace Through Law Center. Citibank, Citicorp, and the Ll.S. Steel Harry Gray is president of United Corporation. He is vice chairman of Technologies, a director of First Na­ the Insiders' Business Council. tional City Bank, and a trustee of the Robert Hatfield is chairman of Insiders' C.E.D. Continental Group. He is a director of Edward Harness is president of First National City Corporation and Proctor & Gamble and a member Kennecott Copper Company. Mr. ofC.E.D. Hatfield is a trustee of C.E.D. and John Jamieson is a graduate of the Business Council. M.I.T. and has long been an executive Howard Morgens has an M.B.A. in the oil industry. His directorships from Harvard, is chief executive of­ have included Chase Manhattan ficer of Proctor & Gamble, and a di­ Bank, Equitable Life Assurance So­ rector of Owens-Corning Glass Com­ ciety, and International Nickel. Jamie­ pany and Morgan Guaranty Trust. son isa member of the C.F.R. Mr . Morgens is on the council of the Franklin Long is a professor of Stanford Research Institute and chemistry and has been assistant di­ serves as vice chairman of the In­ rector of the U.S. Arms Control and siders' Business Council. Disarmament Agency. He is a mem­ Edmund Pratt spent many years ber of theC.F.R.and co-chairman of with I.B.M., was Assistant Secretary the Pugwash Steering Committee. of the Army during the key disarma­ Donald MacNaughton is head of ment years of 1962-1964, and is now Prudential Insurance Company and head of Pfizer International and a has served with the New York Federal director of Chase Manhattan. Reserve Bank. He is a member of the council of the Stanford Research In­ 3. The Ford Motor Company stitute, a member of the U.N. Asso­ Chairman of the board of the ciation, and a trustee of the C.E.D. company started by his grandfather George Piercy served with various is Henry Ford II. Henry is still a Standard Oil companies over a thirty­ member of the Insiders' Business five-year career and is now a senior Council but recently resigned as a vice president of Exxon. He is .a di­ trustee of the Ford Foundation with rector of the Arabian American Oil the explanation that it has turned Company and the Chemical Bank of against the Free Enterprise system. New York. Piercy is a C.F.R. member. George Bennett graduated cum laude from Harvard and is an invest­ 2. General Motors ment manager. He is president of The board of General Motors nat- State Street Investment Corporation, a

40 AMERICAN OPINION There are more than 200,000 industrial cor­ porations in the United States, but the top one hundred corporations control a full fifty per­ cent of all industrial assets. The top twenty, discussed here, are controlled by a directorate that interlocks heavily with the Council on Foreign Relations and other elitist groups. director of Hewlett-Packard and the den is a trustee of the Stanford Re­ John Hancock Mutual Life Insurance search Institute and belongs to the In­ Company, and is a trustee of the In­ siders' Business Council. siders' C.E.D. Marian Heiskell. See New York Carter Burgess is chairman of the Times. Foreign Policy Association and a di­ FranklinMurphy. See Los Angeles rector of Morgan Guaranty Trust and Times. J.P. Morgan. A former Assistant Sec­ Robert Oelman is a Dartmouth retary of Defense, Burgess is a mem­ alumnus and has been with the Na­ ber of the C.F.R. and the Business tional Cash Register Company for Council. nearly four decades, rising to its pres­ Philip Caldwell has an M.B.A. de­ idency. He is a director of Proctor & gree from Harvard and was president of Gamble, Ohio Bell Telephone, Kop­ Philco-Ford as well as Ford of Eu­ pers Company, and First National rope. He is a director of the Ford Mo­ City Bank. Oelman is another mem­ tor Company, Ltd. (Britain), Ford ber of the Business Council. Asia-Pacific, and Ford-Werke (Ger­ Thomas Taylor is a Yale graduate many). Caldwell served on the board and has been an executive in the meat of directors of the Insiders' World industry. Among his directorships are Affairs Council. Pullman Company and Holly Sugar. Joseph Cullman is a Yale graduate He is a member of the Insiders' Busi­ who married into the wealthy Lehman ness Council. family of international bankers and Clifton Wharton holds a B.A. is now head of Philip Morris. He is a from Harvard and a law degree from director of the LB.M. World Trade the . He has Corporation, Bankers Trust Com­ been president of Michigan State pany, Levi Strauss, and Braniff. Cull­ University and is a director of the man is also president of the Whitney Burroughs Corporation and the Equi­ M. Young Jr. Memorial Foundation table Life Assurance Society. Whar­ and a member of the C.E.D. ton is a trustee of the Rockefeller Henry Gadsden, another Yale Foundation and the Carnegie Founda­ man, has been an executive with tion, and is a member of the C.F.R. Bankers Trust Company and Merck & Company, which he now heads. He is a 4. Texaco director of New Jersey Bell and the Chairman of the board is Maurice Campbell Soup Company. Mr. Gads- Granville, who has been with Texaco

JUNE,1978 41 since 1931. He is a director of the Fed ­ & Gamble. He held numerous high eral Reserve Bank of New York and a positions in the State Department, member of the C.F.R. served on the National Security Howard McCall is a director of Council under Eisenhower, and was the Chemical Bank. Ambassador to Germany. Mr. Mc­ William McGill is president of Ghee has also served with the Urban Columbia. He is a director of A.T. & T. Coalition and the Business Council and McGraw-Hill. for International Understanding. He Admiral Thomas Moorer was is a member of the C.E.D. and the chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Council on Foreign Relations. Staff and is a Conservative. Herman Schmidt is a graduate of Robert Roosa has taught eco­ Harvard Law School and president of nomics at the University of Michigan, Mobil International. He is a director Harvard, and M.LT. For fifteen of Arabian American Oil Company years he served with the Federal Re­ and a member of the C.F.R. serve Bank of New York. He was Un­ William Tavoulareas has held dersecretary for Monetary Affairs at numerous positions all over the world the Treasury Department under Pres­ with Mobil Oil since 1947. He is a di­ ident Kennedy. Roosa is a partner in rector of General Foods and Bankers the Insider investment banking firm Trust. Mr. Tavoulareas is a member of Brown Brothers, Harriman. He is a of the C.F.R. . director of American Express Com­ Henry Van Der Eb is a Harvard pany, American Express Internation­ graduate who has spent thirty years al Banking Corporation, Owens-Corn­ with the Container Corporation of ing Fiberglass Corporation, and Ana ­ America and is now its president. He conda. Dr. Roosa is a trustee of the is a director of Bell & Howell and a Rockefeller Foundation and a mem­ trustee of the National Planning As­ ber of the C.F.R., the Trilateral Com­ sociation. mission, and the Pilgrims. Rawleigh Warner. See Time, In ­ William Wrigley is the heir to the corporated. chewing-gum fortune. Albert Williams has spent thirty years with LB .M. , rising to chairman 5. Mobil Oil Corporation of its finance committee. He is a di­ Here we are back into Rockefeller rector of First National City Bank of country and the board of directors re­ New York and the Eli Lilly Company. flects it. Howard Clark has practiced law 6. Standard Oil Of California with the Insider firm of Sullivan & Having become chairman of the Cromwell. He has been vice president board in 1974, after a long career in of the American Express Company the oil business, Harold Haynes is al­ and is now its chief executive officer. so a director of Citibank, Boeing, and A director of Chrysler Corporation, Stanford Research Institute. He is a Xerox, and Fireman's Fund Insurance member of the Insiders ' Business Company, Mr. Clark is a member of Council and a trustee of their C.E.D. the C.F.R. Other Establishment directors include: Curtis Klaerner, a career oil exec­ Kenneth Hill has been a director utive, is a member of the C.F.R. of Chase Manhattan Bank, Skelly George McGhee is a geophysicist, Oil, and Union Carbon. He is a part­ has been active in the oil business ner in the Eastman Dillon, Union since 1930, and is a director of Proctor Securities & Company.

JUNE,1978 43 Carla Hills is a lawyer who headed mittee of I.B.M. is Thomas Watson the Department of Housing and Ur­ Jr., a director of Bankers Trust and ban Development during the Ford Pan Am. He is a member of the elitist Administration. She is a director of Pilgrims and the C.F.R. Other direc­ I.B.M. and American Airlines and a tors of interest are: trustee of the Brookings Institution. Stephen Bechtel Jr. is following David Packard is a founder of in the footsteps of his father with the Hewlett-Packard Company and has Bechtel Corporation, a worldwide served as Deputy Secretary of De­ construction firm. Bechtel Sr. is a fense. He is a director of Caterpil­ member of the C.F.R. and director of lar Tractor and TWA. Packard is a Morgan Guaranty. Junior is a member member of the Trilateral Commis­ of the Insiders' Business Council. sion and the Business Council. William T. Coleman Jr., another Rudolph Peterson has been pres­ Harvard-trained lawyer, is a former ident of Bank of America Corpora­ Secretary of Transportation. He was tion and is administrator of the U.N. a director of Pan Am, Penn Mutual Development Program. His director­ Life Insurance, First Pennsylvania ships include Kaiser Aluminum, Kai­ Banking & Trust Company, and sits ser Steel, Schlage Lock, and Time, In­ on the board of governors of the corporated. Mr. Peterson is a member American Stock Exchange. He is a of the C.F.R. and the Council for member of the U.N. Association, the Economic Development. World Affairs Council, and the C.F.R. Charles Pigott is president of Carla Hills. See Standard Oil of PACCAR and a director of Safeco, California. Boeing, and Seattle First National John Irwin II has been an Assist­ Bank. ant Secretary of Defense and an George Weyerhauser is a Yale Undersecretary of State. A member graduate and president and chief of the international council of Mor­ executive of the giant lumber com­ gan Guaranty Trust, he is a member of pany bearing his name. He is a direc­ the Pilgrims and the C.F .R. tor of Boeing, a trustee of the Rand Nicholas Katzenbach. See Wash­ Corporation, serves on the advisory ington Post . council of the Stanford Research In­ Grayson Kirk was president of stitute International, and is a member Columbia University. He is a member of the Insiders' Business Council and of the C.F.R. and a contributor to its the Trilateral Commission. journal, Foreign Affairs. Thomas Learson has been with 7. Gulf Oil Company I.B.M. since 1935, becoming its chief The Gulf Oil Company, the na­ executive officer in 1971. He is a tion's seventh-largest corporation, is a director of Chemical Bank, Exxon, creature of the Mellon family 'of and Caterpillar Tractor. Pittsburgh. Although it is considered William Scranton. See New York one of the seven sisters of interna­ Times. tional oil, the Mellons seem relatively Irving Shapiro is head of du Pont independent of Insider operations and a member of the C.F.R. and there are "no nox" against the Albert Williams has been with Gulf board. I.B.M. for many years and is a direc­ tor ofFirst National City Bank, Mo­ 8. LB.M. bil Oil, and Eli Lilly. He is a trustee Chairman of the executive com- of the Alfred E. Sloan Foundation.

JUNE,1978 45 9. GeneralElectric Abbott Laboratories, Quaker Oats, The president and chairman of Northwestern Mutual Life, and Nor­ the board of General Electric is Reg­ trust Corporation. inald J ones, a member of the C.F.R Walter Wriston is a past chair­ The G.E. board includes: man of the board of First National J. Paul Austin heads the giant City Bank and director of the Mer­ multinational Coca-Cola Company. cantile Bank of Canada and J .C. He is a director of Continental Oil, Pe nney. He is a trustee of the Rand Morgan Guaranty Trust, and Dow Corporation and a member of the Jones. Austin is a member of the In­ C.F.R and the Business Council. siders' T rilateral Commission. Henry Henley is a director of 10. Chrysler Corporation American Express, Bristol Myers, Here as elsewhere in the top and Manufacturers Hanover Bank. twenty corporations are directors in­ Henry Hillman is a director of volved in institutions manipulating Chemical Bank, Texas Gas Trans­ the economic and political life of the mission, National Steel, and Cum ­ nation. They include: mins Engine Company. He is a trustee John Coleman is a Canadian citi­ of the Carnegie Institution. zen an d a director of, among numer­ Frederick Hovde has held numer­ ous others, Colgate Palmolive, Com­ ous foreign assignments for the U.S. mercial Solvents Corporation, Great Government and served as president West Life Assurance Company, of Purdue University. He is a director Hawker Siddeley Canadian Ltd., an d of Inland Steel. Xerox of Canada. He is a trustee of Ralph Lazarus, head of the Fed­ the Insiders ' C.E.D. erated Department Stores, is a direc­ J. Richardson Dilworth is an in­ tor of Scott Paper and Chase Man­ vestment banker whose chief job is hattan. He belongs to the Business managing the vast assets of the Council and is a member of the Rockefeller family. He served Kuhn, shameful National Commission on Loeb & Company, an Insider invest­ U.S.-China Relations, which fronts ment banking firm which reportedly for Peiping. He belongs to the C.F.R played a key role in financing the and is a trustee of the C.E.D. Bolshevik Revolution and the first Edmund Littlefield is a director Five Year Plan. Dilworth is a director of Wells Fargo, Southern Pacific, of RH. Macy & Company, Interna­ and vice chairman of the Stanford tional Basic Economy Corporation, Research Institute. He is a member of and Chase Manhattan. He is a trustee the Insiders' Business Council. of Yale University and a member of Samuel Pierce is former head of the C.F.R and the Pilgrims. the legal division of the U.S. Treas­ Robben Fleming is the former ury Department and a member of chancellor of the University of Wis­ the New York State Banking Board. consin and current president of the He is director of Prudential Insur­ University of Michigan who is a trust­ ance, U.S. Industries, International ee of the Carnegie Fund for the Paper Company, and International Advancement of Teaching. Basic Economy Corporation. Mr. Najeeb Halaby was president and Pierce was a delegate to the All-Afri­ chairman of Pan American Airways. can People's Conference in Ghana He spent three years with L.S . Rocke­ and is with the Rand Corporation. feller & Brothers, and was chairman Gilbert Scribner is a director of of the 1960 disarmament conference.

JUNE,1978 47 Halaby is a director of the Bank of from 1959 to 1970. He is a director of America, the Interasia Management Allied Chemical, New York Life, Company, and the Hong Kong, Arab Southern Pacific Company, and Con­ Development Company. He is a mem­ solidated Edison. Mr. Perkins is a ber of the New York Urban Coalition trustee of the Carnegie Institution. and the C.F.R. FelixRohatyn is a partner with the Gabriel Hauge is chairman of the old-time Rothschild firm of Lazard board of Manufacturers Hanover Freres & Company. The Vienna-born Bank, one of New York's big six. Once Rohatyn heads the committee han­ a statistician forthe Federal Reserve, dling the refinancing of New York Hauge is now enough of an Insider to City's debt to make sure the banks serve with the Carnegie Endowment don't lose on the deal. He is a director for International Peace and be a of Pfizer and Owens Illinois and a member of the Pilgrim Society, trea­ member of the financial committee surer of the C.F.R., and a trustee of of the Rockefeller Brothers Fund. the C.E.D. Terry Sanford is the former gov­ William Hewlett is a co-founder ernor of North Carolina. He is presi­ of Hewlett-Packard Company. He dent of Duke University and a mem­ is a director of Chase Manhattan ber of the Carnegie Commission on Bank and the Overseas Development Educational TV. At one time Sanford Corporation and is a trustee of the In­ aspired to be the Democrat nominee siders' Carnegie Institution. for President but the time of appli­ Tom Killefer is executive vice cation of the Insiders' Southern president of Chrysler and a director Strategy had not yet come. of the Federal Reserve Bank of Chi­ cago. He serves on the finance com­ 12. Standard Oil (Indiana) mittee of the Insiders' Foreign Policy Chairman of the board is John Association and is a member of their Swearingen, a director of the Chase Atlantic Council and the C.F.R. Mr. Manhattan Bank and Midwest Oil. Killefer is a trustee of the Insiders' Key directors of interest are: C.E. D. Arthur Rasmussen has been an executive with Philco Corporation, 11. I.T.&T. Corporation Congoleum, Avco Corporation, and Chairman of the board of the Household Finance. He is a director giant I.T.&T. is Harold Geneen. He of Abbott Laboratories and a member has been the chief controller or ac­ of the C.F.R. countant for American Can Com­ Richard Wood is the head of Eli pany, Bell & Howell, and Jones & Lilly and a director of the Chemical La ughlin. Mr. Geneen is a member Bank. He is a member of the C.F.R. of the C.F.R. Among the connected and a trustee of the C.E.D. directors are: Joseph Wright served as a lawyer Raymond Brittenham is the se­ with the Federal Trade Commission nior vice president and counsel to and now heads the Zenith Corporation. LT.&T. He is a member of the He is a director of Continental Illinois C.F.R. Bank and the Commonwealth Edison Alvin Friedman is a partner in the Corporation. international banking firm of Kuhn, Loeb & Company. 13. Shell Oil Company Richard Perkins was chairman of . Shell Oil is part of the Royal Dutch the executive committee of Citibank Petroleum Company which is head-

J UNE,1978 49 quartered outside the United States. director of the Chase Manhattan Shell is generally regarded as a Roth­ Bank, RJ. Reynolds Industries, and schild operation and is closely inter­ the Jefferson Standard Life Insur­ locked with the royal family of The ance Company. Netherlands, whose Prince Bernhard Mark Shepherd heads Texas In­ founded the conspiratorial Bilderber­ struments and is a director of the Re­ ger group. The officers and directors public National Bank. He is a member of the U.S. subsidiary of Shell are of the C.F.R and a trustee of the taken mostly from the petroleum in­ Insiders' C.E.D. dustry, but interlocks on the boards Donald Smiley is the chief execu­ of directors with the banks include tive officer of RH. Macy & Com­ Monroe Spaght of Chemical Bank pany. He is a director of Ralston and William Swinn of First National Purina, RC.A. Corporation, NBC, City Bank. Metropolitan Life Insurance, Macy's Banks, and Texas Gulf. Smiley is a 14. U.S. Steel Corporation member of the radical Foreign Policy This vital American industrial Association. firm has suffered considerably from Henry Wingate has practiced law C.F.R and Trilateral policies encour­ with the Insider firm of Sullivan & aging the production and importation Cromwell and is a director of Cana­ of foreign steel. Its directors include dian Pacific and J.P. Morgan & the following: Company. He is a member of the Na­ William Beers is chairman of the tional Planning Association, the elit­ board of Kraftco and is a director of ist Pilgrim Society, the C.F.R, and Sears Roebuck and Manufacturers the Business Council. Hanover Bank. He is a member of the Insiders' Business Council and the 15. Atlantic Richfield Company C.F.R, and a trustee of the Council for Chairman of this important energy Economic Development. company is Robert O. Anderson, a Harllee Branch has been chair­ member of the board of Chase Man­ man of the Federal Reserve Bank in hattan Bank and many other power­ Atlanta and served on the board of ful institutions. He recently led a directors of General Motors. He is a failed attempt to take control of the member of the Business Council. National Rifle Association. Mr. An­ John De Butts. See General Mo­ derson is a member of the.Council on tors. Foreign Relations and a trustee of the William McChesney Martin was Insiders' Council for Economic De­ chairman of the incredibly powerful velopment. The directors include the Federal Reserve Board. Prior to that following: he held many top positions with the Thornton Bradshaw. See NBC­ Export-Import Bank and the interna­ RC.A. tional Bank for Reconstruction and Philip Hawley heads the Carter Development; Martin is a director of Hawley Hale Stores and is a director American Express, Caterpillar Trac­ of the Bank of America and Pacific tor, Dow Jones, LB.M., Eli Lilly, Gen­ Telephone & Telegraph. . eral Foods, and Royal Dutch Petro­ Donald Kendall runs PepsiCo and leum. He is (surprise!) a member of is an ardent promoter of trade with the C.F.R the Soviet Union. He is a director of Charles Myers is chairman of the Pan Am, Investors Diversified Ser­ board of Burlington Industries, and a vice, and co-chairman of the U.S.-

JUNE,1978 51 U.S.S.R. Trade and Economic Coun­ C.F.R., and a trustee of the C.E. D. cil. Mr. Kendall is a member of the Charles McCoy has been with du Insiders' C.E. D. Pont since 1932. He is a director of John Place has been with Chase Citic orp, TRW, Bethlehem Steel, and Manhattan Bank since 1946 and is a a member of the Insiders' Business member of the C.F.R. He is a trustee Council. of the C.E. D. Frank Stanton. See CBS. 17. Continental Oil Company Kendrick Wilson is a Dartmouth Among the directors of interest for man who was formerly with Lehman our study are the following. Brothers and was chairman of the Charles Anderson is head of the board of Avco. He is a direc tor of Stanford Research Institute and a di­ Avon Products, Pi tney-Bowes, and rector of the National Cash Register other giants. Compa ny. Charles Buek is the president of 16. E.!. du Pont de Nemours U.S . Trust Company of New York T he chairman of the board is Irv­ and a dire ctor of the Equitable Life ing Shapiro, a member of the Urban Assurance Society. Coalition and the C.F.R. The direc ­ William Hewitt heads J ohn Deere tors of interest include: & Company, is a director of Conti­ Andrew Brimmer is a Fulbright nental Illinois, American Telephone & Fellow with a Ph.D. from Harvard Telegraph, and the Chase Manhattan who was the first black to serve on the Bank. He is a member of the Insiders' Federal Reserve Board. He did time at Business Council, a trustee of the the Brookings Institu tion and is a Carnegie Endowment for Interna­ member of the C.F.R. and the Tri­ tional Peace, and a director of the lateral Commission. U.N. Association. Hewitt is chairman Charles Brown is executive vice of the Council for U.S.-China Trade, president of Illinois Bell, is chief fi­ director of the U.S. -U.S.S.R. Trade nancial officer for A.T.&T., and a and Economic Council, and a trustee director of General American Trans­ of the C.E .D. Mr. Hewitt is a member port,Chemical Bank, Inland Steel, of the C.F .R., the Trilateral Commis­ and Hart, Shaffner & Marx. He is a sion, and the Pilgrim Society. member of the C.F.R., and a trustee Archie McCardell spent a number of the C.E.D. of years as an executive of Ford Mo­ Lammot du Pont Copeland has tor Company in the United States, worked for the family firm since Australia, and Germany. He became 1929. He is a member of the C.F .R. president of Xerox in 1971. Howard Johnson is chairman of Dean McKay is LB.M.'s market­ M.LT., was a director of the Federal ing chief and a member of the steer­ Reserve Bank of Boston, and is a di­ ing committee of the National Urban rector of John Hancock Life, Cham­ Coalition. pion International Corporation, and Frank Pace. See Time, Incorpo­ Morgan Guaranty. He is a trustee of rated. the Aspen Institute for Humanistic Studies and a member of the C.F.R. 18. Western Electric Gilbert Jones is chairman of the The eighteenth corporation of the LB.M. World Trade Corporation, a di­ top twenty is Western Electric, a sub­ rector of Continental Oil, a member sidiary of American Telephone & of the elitist Pilgrim Society and the Telegraph Company. Western Elec-

JUNE ,1978 53 tric is not a multinational corporation 20. Tenneco Incorporated and there are no Insider types on its This is a Houston-based conglom­ board. The president, DonaldBrock­ erate involved in natural-gas pipe­ now, an electrical engineer, is also a lines, chemical manufacturing, agri­ director of Morgan Guaranty Trust. culture, land development, auto parts, farm machinery, and ship­ 19. Proctor & Gamble building. Most of the directors of this The president of P .&G. Interna­ growing giant come from the indige­ tional is William Gurganus, who nous wealth of Texas and the South­ serves on the board of the National west. However, a few Establishment Foreign Trade Council and is a mem­ types are creeping in. They are: ber of the C.F.R. Benjamin Biaggini is president of Philip Geier is a director of Armco Southern Pacific and a member of the Steel, Cincinnati Bell, and Goodyear Insiders ' Business Council. Tire & Rubber Company. He is a Newton Hoverstock is a vice pres­ member of the Insider's Business ident of Southwestern Bell and a di­ Council. rector of the First National City John Harper is chairman of the Bank. board of Alcoa and a director of the Joseph Sisco has been with the Mellon Bank, Goodyear Tire & Rub­ State Department since 1951, was a ber Company, and Metropolitan Life. member of the U.S. Delegation to the He also serves on the executive com­ U.N., and has been both an Assistant mittee of the Insiders ' Business Coun­ Secretary and Undersecretary of cil and is a trustee of their C.E.D. State. He is a member of the Council GeorgeMcGhee. See MobilCorpo­ on Foreign Relations. ration. Frank Milliken is chief executive The Foundations officer of Kennecott Copper and a WHILE short-term public opinion is member of the Business Council. created or manipulated by the elec­ Howard Morgens. See General tronic and printed media, collectivist Motors. trends are created through the intel­ Robert Oelman. See Ford Motor lectual and academic community. Company. The nation's move to the Left in re­ Horace Shepard has served as the centyears is to a large degree the result chief executive officer of TRW and of collectivist doctrine taught in the is a director of Standard Oil of Ohio, universities of the 1930s. The stu­ the Addressograph Multigraph Cor­ dents of that era, identified and poration, and the Federal Reserve marked for success by professors at Bank of Cleveland. the prestige colleges, are now running Marina Whitman was a senior the nation. The giant foundations staff economist on Nixon's Council playa key role in setting the academic of Economic Advisors . She is a direc­ and cultural trends for the universities tor of Manufacturers Hanover Bank and funding the major academic and Westinghouse Electric Corpora­ groups active in influencing govern­ tion. Also a C.F.R. member, Ms. ment policies. Professor Dye writes: Whitman endeared herself to .the "Most foundations consider them­ mul tinational corporations with her selves to be in the forefront of na­ book Government Risk-Sharing In tional policy -making.'T he founda­ Foreign Investment. She is a mem­ tions' best role,' said Dr. Douglass D. ber of the Trilateral Commission. Bond of the W.T. Grant Foundation,

JUNE,1 978 55 'is to identify, support, and bring to George Bundy was moved into what fruition certain ideas that govern­ became the Kissinger-Brzezinski post ment may later implement .... as special assistant for national secu­ Government is beset by crises of a rity affairs to Presidents Kennedy social and political nature that divert and Johnson before being named to it and its money from the nurturing run the Ford Foundation. He is of of new ideas and new discoveries. It is course a member of the C.F.R. The the foundation's task to remain steady directors include: in its aim and to sacrifice immediate David Bell taught at Harvard, his goals for the more distant.' alma mater, and served as Adminis­ "T he foundations channel corpo­ trative Assistant to President Tru­ rate and personal wealth into the man. He is a member of the C.F.R. policy-making process, providing Andrew Brimmer. See E.L du both financial support and direction Pont de Nemours. over university research and the activi­ Hedley Donovan. See Time, In­ ties of the policy-planning groups." corporated. Walter Hass is honorary chairman The Carnegie Foundation of Levi Strauss & Company. He is on For many years the president of the executive committee of the In­ this foundation was John W. Gard­ siders' World Affairs Council. ner, who went on to become Secretary Alexander Heard. See Time, In­ of Health, Education and Welfare corporated. under PresidentJohnson, and used his Edward H. Land is the founder of top connections to solicit support for the Polaroid Corporation. Common Cause, the nation's heaviest­ John H. Loudon was chairman of spending congressional lobby. The the board of Shell. Carnegie Corporation board includes: Robert S. .McNamara, briefly Harding Bancroft has served as president of the Ford Motor Com­ executive vice president of the New pany, was Secretary of Defense and York Times. He is a member of the is now president of the World Bank. C.F.R. He is a member of the C.F.R. Louis Cabot is chairman of the Joseph Irwin Miller has served as board of Cabot Corporation and a chairman of Irwin-Union Bank & member of the C.F.R. Trust and director of A.T.&T., David Shepard has served as Purity Stores, Equitable Life Assur­ executive vice president of Standard ance, and Chemical Bank of New Oil of New Jersey, chairman of the York. He is a member of the C.F.R. board of trustees of the Rand Cor­ Julius A. Stratton was president poration, and was a member of the of M.LT. and served as a director of C.F.R. Westinghouse and Exxon. He is a Charles M. Spofford is a senior member of the C.F.R. partner of Davis, Polk, Wardwell, Sunderland, and Keindl. He is a The Rockefeller Foundation member of the C.F.R. A glance at the members of the Walter Wriston. See General board of directors confirms its ties to Electric. other Insider-controlled institutions. John D. Rockefeller -Ir., the eldest The Ford Foundation son of John D. II, is chairman of the Formerly a dean at Harvard and a board. He is prime pusher of the political analyst for the C.F.R., Mc- (Continued on Page 105.)

56 AMERICAN OPINION From page fifty-six Frank Stanton. See CBS. Cyrus Vance is now Secretary of THEY RUN AMERICA State and has been a director of Population Council and a member of Chase Manhattan Bank. He is a the C.F.R. member of the C.F.R. and the Tri­ Barry Bingham is chairman of the lateral Commission. board of the Louisville Courier-Jour­ Thomas J. Watson is a former nat and Louisville Times. chairman of the board of I.B.M., was John S. Dickey was president of a director of Bankers Trust and a Dartmouth College and is a memberof trustee of Cal Tech, Brown Univer­ the C.F.R. sity, the Boy Scouts of America, and Douglas Dillon is a former Secre­ the Institute for Advanced Study at tary of the Treasury and Undersecre­ Princeton. He is a member of the tary of State. He is a member of the C.F.R. C.F.R. W. Barry Wood is dean of the Robert H. Ebert is dean of the School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Harvard Medical School. University. Robert F. Goheen was president of Princeton, has served on the board of The Rockefeller Brothers Fund directors of the Carnegie Foundation In addition to David Rockefeller, for the Advancement of Teaching, John D. Rockefeller III, and Mar­ the Equitable Life Assurance Soci­ garetta Rockefeller, the following ety, the Dreyfus Third Century are trustees of this foundation: Fund, and is a member of the C.F.R. Richard Cooper has been a pro­ Theodore Hesburgh is the manic fessor of economics at Yale and progressive priest who is president of staff economist for the Council of Notre Dame. He has been a director Economic Advisors. He is author of of the Woodrow Wilson National Fel­ the Economics Of Interdependence, lowship, was chairman of the U.S. which advocates a One World govern­ Commission on Civil Rights, and ment. Cooper is on the board of the served the Carnegie Commission on the Insiders ' Atlantic Council and is a the Future of Higher Education and mem ber of the Council on Foreign Re­ the Adlai Stevenson Institute. Father lations. Hesburgh is a trustee of the Carnegie Dana Creel is a banker and attor­ Foundation for Advancement of ney who went to work for John D. Teaching and a member of the C.F.R. Rockefeller Jr. in 1940 and has la­ Arthur A. Houghton is chairman bored for the various Rockefeller of the board of Corning Glass and a family foundations ever since. He is a member of the C.F.R. member of the Urban Coalition and a Clark Kerr was president of the trustee of the African-American In­ University of California at Berkeley. stitute and the American Conserva­ William Moyers was Presidential tion Association. Mr. Creel is a mem­ press secretary under L.B.J. and be­ ber of the C.F.R. came publisher of Newsday. He is a Gerald Edelman is a biochemist at member of the C.F.R. Rockefeller University and a member Robert V. Roosa. See Texaco. of the C.F.R. Robert Seitz is president of John Gardner. See Carnegie Rockefeller University and former Foundation. president of the National Academy William McChesney Martin. See of Sciences. U.S. Steel Corporation.

JUNE,1978 105 , TwoThinkTallks ern California Edison, Del Monte, CLOSELY related to the foundations and the Western Bankcorp. He is a are the Establishment think tanks, member of the C.F.R. and a trustee which are funded by the founda­ of the Insiders' C.E.D. tions. The major think tanks are so Carla Hills. See Standard Oil of influential that they are virtually a California. conduit to the federal government. Luther G. Holbrook was vice pres­ The two most influential of these are ident of R. Mellon & Sons and a the Brookings Institution and the trustee of the Mellon Foundation. Rand Corporation. Brookings deals John E. Lockwood, senior partner primarily with "Liberal" analyses of of the Insider firm of Milbank, the economic and domestic policies Tweed, Hadley and McCloy, is a while Rand provides Insider studies on member of the C.F.R. foreign and defense policies. Arjay Miller. See Newsweek/ Professor Dye reports of Brook­ Washington Post. ings: Henry D. Owen is director of the "The Brookings Institution began Foreign Policies Studies Program at as a modest component of the pro­ Brookings and a member of the Tri­ gressive movement of the early twen­ lateral Commission and the C.F.R. tieth century. A wealthy St. Louis Frank Pace. See Time, Incorpo­ merchant, Robert Brookings, estab­ rated. lished an Institute for Government Henry Patterson was president of Research in 1916 to promote 'good the Chase Manhattan Bank. government,' fight 'bossism,' assist in As with Brookings, the average municipal reform, and press for econ­ American knows less about the Rand omy and efficiency in government. It Corporation than he does about the worked closely with the National formula for Coca-Cola. Professor Civic Federation and other reformist, William Domhoff suggests its impor­ progressive organizations of that era . tance: Brookings himself was appointed to "Perhaps the best known of the the War Production Board by Presi­ power elite's large research organiza­ dent Woodrow Wilson." tion is the RAND Corporation, a name President of the Brookings Institu­ which is an acronym for 'research and tion is Kermit Gordon, a member of development.' It has been credited the C.F .R. The directors include: with many technical innovations and Eugene R. Black is the former operational suggestions. Started after president of the Chase Manhattan the war with government research Bank who served on the boards of contracts and Ford Foundation money American Express, the New York to 'think' for the Air Force, it has Times Company, Royal Dutch Shell, since expanded its staff and facili­ LT.&T., and others. He was a trustee ties to provide this service for the en­ of the Ford Foundation, is a director tire federal government. Its 500-man of the Atlantic Council, and was the professional staff is well-paid and Brookings board chairman. Black, a well-educated (150 have Ph.D.'s) due member of the C.F .R., was chairman to the fact that RAND was purposely of the International Bank of Recon­ set up as a non-governmental agency struction and Development. so that civil service rules and salary Edward W. Carter is chairman scales could be avoided in order to at­ of the board of Carter Hawley Hale tract the finest talent money could Stores, a director of A.T .&T. , South- buy. It is governed by a board of trust-

JUNE ,1978 107 ees which is made up of members of Wesley Posvar is a Rhodes Scholar the power elite. In 1963, when RAND and chancellor of the University of published a report on its first 15 Pittsburgh. He is on the board of Fed­ years, the board included executives erated Investors, Eastern Airlines, the from CBS, Hewlett-Packard, Owens­ Mellon Bank, and is a trustee for the Corning Fiberglass International, Carnegie Endowment for Interna­ Monsanto Chemical and New En­ tional Peace. Mr. Posvar is a member gland Electric System, as well as the of the C.F.R. president of one of the Carnegie Frank Stanton. See CBS. foundations, a leading official in the Walter Wriston. See General Council on Foreign Relations, the Electric. former vice president of the Carnegie Corporation (then president of Cor­ The Pattern Here nell) and the presidents of MIT and You WILL notice that, in addition to Rice University. Seven of the seven­ the Council on Foreign Relations and teen trustees were members of the the Trilateral Commission, the names CFR. of other Insider organizations occur "Of fifteen former trustees, sev­ time and again in these mini-biog­ en were leading figures in the corpo­ raphies of the nation's policy makers. rate world. The rest were university Two of these are the Council for Eco­ administrators or physicists . . .." nomic Development and the Business Among the Rand Corporation di­ Council. Both are tightly interlocked rectors are: with the C.F.R. and T.C. J. Paul Austin. See General Elec­ Professor Thomas Dye in his 1976 tric. book Who's Running America? ob­ William Coleman. See I.B.M. serves of the Council for Economic Richard Cooley heads the interna­ Development: " ... the CED is a cen­ tional Wells Fargo banking system tral organization for developing elite headquartered in California. He is a consensus, researching national prob­ director of Northrup and United Air­ lems , and directing national policy. lines. The CED was created in 1942 as an William Goodwin is a director of outgrowth of the realization that corporate planning for Johns-Man­ business would be required to work ville and several of its subsidiaries closer with government in World War and a trustee of the Insiders ' C.E.D. II war production and in avoiding Newton Minow is a former law economic depression after the war. partner of Adlai Stevenson. He was The CED was initially composed of chairman of the board of Rand and businessmen who viewed the New ran the Federal Communications Deal as an essential reform to save Commission for J.F.K. He is affili­ the capitalist system and their place ated with the Chicago C.F.R. init . ..." Samuel Pierce. See General Elec­ The interrelationship between the tric. C.E.D. and the Business Council Don Price Jr. has been an asso­ (formerly known as the Business Ad­ ciate director of the Ford Foundation visory Councilor B.A.C.) is indicated and dean of the Kennedy School of by Professor William Domhoff in his Government at Harvard. He is a trust­ book The Higher Circles. Domhoff ee of the Twentieth Century Fund writes: "Except in its functioning, it is and a member of the Council on For­ almost impossible to separate CED eign Relations. from another big business organiza-

JUNE,1978 109 tion, the Business Advisory Council. the Council on Foreign Relations, the Founded in 1933 to advise the Depart­ Trilateral Commission, and the Big ment of Commerce, the BAC was es­ Six Banks (see last month's AMERICAN sentially a discussion committee of OPINION) and the nation's major in­ thirty to sixty leading businessmen dustrial firms, mass media, founda­ who were sympathetic to the attempts tions, and think tanks. Students of being made by President Roosevelt to this subject are well aware that the deal with the Depression. It also pro­ Rockefellers and their associates are vided business appointments to the on record time and again as stating government; corporate leaderThomas that their goal is the creation of a One McCabe estimated in 1949 that the World government under the control BAC had sent 'almost a hundred men of themselves and allied multina­ from industry to government since tional corporations. They aren't lying 1933.' However, the BAC was not to us. And there is much more in­ equipped to educate its members or to volved here than a mere rising of a carry out extensive research, and the natural elite to the top. CED was formed to fill this need. We find it ironic that "Liberals," With but two exceptions the early particularly in the academy, make so members of the CED were BAC mem­ much of the interlocks of industry bers. The CED immediately devel­ during the so-called Progressive Peri­ oped discussion groups in which busi­ od between 1890 and 1920, when most ness leaders talked about major eco­ of the trusts concerned themselves nomic problems among themselves with only a single industry - i.e., and with hired economists .. .." the oil trust, the sugar trust, the to­ All of our lives we have been told bacco trust, the steel trust, and the by professors, journalists, and others like. Yet these same " Liberals" today who regard themselves as "intellec­ look the other way when independent tual" that Big Business is dogmatical­ scholars show that we face a Power ly and fervently Conservative. This is Trust in which key leaders of finance simply not so. Big Business is not op­ dominate our government, mass me­ posed to Big Government; insofar as dia, industry, and the major founda­ a generalization can be made it is that tions and think tanks. Big Business seeks to use Big Govern­ The trusts have not been broken ment to increase its profits and pow­ up , as we were taught in our history er. After all, Big Business cannot set classes, but have been merged into tax policies, manipulate the economy the tool of a major conspiracy. Since and restrict capital accumulation by that merger also includes the alleged competitors, or give itself juicy multi­ opponent of the trusts, the national billion-dollar contracts. Government government, one wonders why "Lib­ does that. erals" are not warning the nation. Can Wha t does all of this mean? We do it be that they are themselves benefi­ not pretend to have proved anything ciaries of the Power Trust and dare in this short space. Skeptics will argue not bite the hand that feeds them? that it is quite normal for wealthy and Whatever the case, we believe that we talented men to be active in similar have shown in this two-part survey activities. There is, of course, some that when we write of a Conspiracy of truth in this. But what we have shown Establishment Insiders we do not do here is that there is a strong interlock so in the fever of wild imaginings. between the organizations dominated The pattern of the evidence is, alas, by the Rockefeller family, namely all too clear. • •

110 AMERICAN OPINION