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DEN FYSISKA STRUKTUREN PÅ ÅLAND Naturgivna Förutsättningar, Bebyggelse, Infrastruktur, Teknisk Försörjning Och Planeringsberedskap

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DEN FYSISKA STRUKTUREN PÅ ÅLAND Naturgivna Förutsättningar, Bebyggelse, Infrastruktur, Teknisk Försörjning Och Planeringsberedskap DEN FYSISKA STRUKTUREN PÅ ÅLAND Naturgivna förutsättningar, bebyggelse, infrastruktur, teknisk försörjning och planeringsberedskap 1 Innehåll 1. Introduktion .................................................................................................................................. 7 Koppling till utvecklings- och hållbarhetsagendan ................................................................................... 7 Denna rapport .............................................................................................................................................. 7 Bebyggelseelement och definitioner ............................................................................................................ 8 Grunddata, GIS-material och använd statistik ......................................................................................... 9 Intervjuer med sakkunniga ......................................................................................................................... 9 2. De naturgivna förutsättningarna .......................................................................................... 10 Grönstrukturen på Åland ............................................................................................................... 10 Grönstrukturen fyller många funktioner ................................................................................................. 10 Behov av sammanhängande grönområden .............................................................................................. 10 Naturlandskapet är varierande med många olika naturtyper ............................................................... 10 Regionala skillnader i markanvändningen .............................................................................................. 11 Naturvärden skapade av mänsklig aktivitet ............................................................................................ 11 Rekreationsområden .................................................................................................................................. 11 Den biologiska mångfaldens sammansättning ......................................................................................... 12 Ekosystemtjänster ...................................................................................................................................... 12 Områden med höga värden ....................................................................................................................... 12 Lagskyddad natur ...................................................................................................................................... 12 De areella näringarnas markanvändning ..................................................................................... 13 Andel ekologisk odling ökar ...................................................................................................................... 14 Igenväxning av naturbeten ........................................................................................................................ 14 Blåstrukturen på Åland .................................................................................................................. 15 Förvaltning och styrande direktiv ............................................................................................................ 15 Det åländska avrinningsområdet .............................................................................................................. 16 Havs- och kustvatten .................................................................................................................................. 16 Insjöar ......................................................................................................................................................... 17 Småvatten .................................................................................................................................................... 17 Stränder och inre vikar .............................................................................................................................. 17 Den biologiska mångfalden i olika vattenmiljöer .................................................................................... 18 Vattenbelastning från bebyggelse och markanvändning ........................................................................ 18 Regionala skillnader i belastningen av vattendragen .............................................................................. 18 Vattenskyddsområden med vissa restriktioner för markanvändningen ............................................... 19 Planerade skyddsområden och viktiga vattentäkter ............................................................................... 20 Den framtida grön- och blåstrukturen .......................................................................................... 20 3. Bostadsbebyggelsen ............................................................................................................... 21 Det åländska bostadsbeståndet ...................................................................................................... 21 Antal bostäder ............................................................................................................................................ 21 De mindre hushållen ökar mest ................................................................................................................. 21 2 Boendetyper, ägarformer och priser ........................................................................................................ 21 Bostadsbeståndet och boytorna växer ...................................................................................................... 22 Bostadstyper varierar mellan olika kommuner ....................................................................................... 23 Bostadsbyggandets regionala fördelning .................................................................................................. 23 De viktigaste expansionsområdena ........................................................................................................... 24 Hur ser framtiden ut? ..................................................................................................................... 25 4. Arbetsplatser och pendling ................................................................................................... 27 De åländska arbetsplatserna .......................................................................................................... 27 Flest arbetsplatser i de centrumnära områdena ...................................................................................... 27 Expansiva servicenäringar ........................................................................................................................ 27 Kommunernas arbetsplatsförsörjning – stora variationer med Mariehamn i topp ............................. 28 Störst andel inpendlare i centrumområdet .............................................................................................. 28 Hälften av de sysselsatta har sin arbetsplats utanför bosättningskommunen....................................... 29 Arbetspendlingen ökar generellt ............................................................................................................... 29 Arbetsplatsutvecklingen i ett regionalt perspektiv .................................................................................. 29 Den offentliga sektorns regionala struktur .............................................................................................. 32 Samlad framtidsbedömning ........................................................................................................... 33 5. Service och handel ................................................................................................................... 34 Serviceutbudet på Åland ................................................................................................................. 34 Serviceutbudets lokalisering påverkas av befolkningsstrukturen ......................................................... 34 Den kommunala servicen är välutbyggd .................................................................................................. 34 Störst serviceutbud i Mariehamn .............................................................................................................. 35 Omfattande samarbete inom kommunalförbunden ................................................................................ 36 Landskapsförvaltningens servicetjänster ................................................................................................. 36 Dagbefolkning och pendling styr lokaliseringen av kommersiell närservice och handel ..................... 37 Kommersiell och offentlig service finns i alla åländska kommuner ....................................................... 37 Kultur- och nöjessektorns lokalisering indikerar servicens tyngdpunkt .............................................. 38 De framtida servicebehoven ........................................................................................................... 39 Befolkningsexpansionen i centrumområdena ger ökad serviceefterfrågan .......................................... 39 Åldersfördelningens betydelse ..................................................................................................................
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