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4. of the elements 1

4. PERIODIC TABLE OF THE ELEMENTS 18 Neon VIIIA Argon Xenon 39.948 83.798 Helium 20.1797 131.293 Krypton 4.002602 2He 10 Ne 18 Ar 36 Kr 54 Xe 86 Rn (222.01758) Lawrenc. (262.110) 174.9668 71 Lu 103 Lr 17 VIIA Iodine 35.453 79.904 Fluorine Bromine Astatine Chlorine named 9F 17 Cl 35 Br 53 I 85 At 126.90447 18.9984032 (209.98715) 173.054 70 Yb 102 No (259.1010) Ytterbium bundances and 16 the atomic mass VIA 78.96 Sulfur 32.065 127.60 Oxygen 15.9994 Polonium Tellurium 8O 16 S 34 Se 52 Te 84 Po (208.98243) Thulium 69 Tm 101 Md Mendelev. 168.93421 (258.09843) 15 VA Arsenic Phosph. 14.0067 121.760 Bismuth Nitrogen 74.92160 208.98040 30.973762 Antimony 7N 15 P 33 As 51 Sb 83 Bi Erbium 167.259 68 Er 100 Fm (257.09510) 14 Tin IVA (288) 72.64 207.2 Silicon Carbon 12.0107 28.0855 118.710 German. 6C 14 Si 32 Ge 50 Sn 82 Pb 114 Einstein. Holmium 112. 67 Ho 99 Es (252.0830) 164.93032 13 IIIA Boron 10.811 69.723 Indium Gallium 114.818 Thallium 204.3833 26.9815386 5B 13 Al 31 Ga 49 In 81 Tl Aluminum Z> 162.500 Dyspros. Californ. 66 Dy 98 Cf 12 (251.07959) IIB 65.38 (277) 200.59 112.411 30 Zn 48 Cd 80 Hg 112 Cn Copernicium The (top left) is the number of in the Terbium IB 65 Tb 97 Bk Berkelium 158.92535 (247.07031) 63.546 (280.164) 107.8682 29 Cu 47 Ag 79 Au 111Roentgen. Rg 196.966569 http://www.nndc.bnl.gov/amdc/masstables/Ame2003/mass.mas03 157.25 Curium 10 11 Gadolin. 64 Gd 96 Cm Nickel (247.07035) 106.42 58.6934 195.084 (281.162) 28 Ni 46 Pd 78 Pt 110 Ds . 9 VIII Americ. 151.964 Europium 63 Eu 95 Am Cobalt Iridium (243.06138) 192.217 Meitner. Rhodium (276.151) 58.933195 102.90550 27 Co 45 Rh 77 Ir 109 Mt . The exceptions are Th, Pa, and U, which do have characteristic terrestrial compositions. 8 Iron 150.36 55.845 101.07 190.23 62 Sm 94 Pu Samarium Ruthen. Osmium Plutonium (244.06420) (269.134) 26 Fe 44 Ru 76 Os 108 Hs form.jsp 7 VIIB 186.207 Technet. Prometh. Rhenium 61 Pm 93 Np (270.134) 25 Mn 43 Tc 75 Re 107 Bh (97.90722) 54.938045 Neptunium (237.04817) (144.91275) Manganese http://www.chem.qmul.ac.uk/iupac/AtWt/. 6 VIB 95.96 183.84 51.9961 Molybd. Seaborg. 144.242 Tungsten Uranium Neodym. (271.133) 24 Cr 42 Mo 74 W 106 Sg Chromium 60 Nd 92 U 238.02891 C, defined to be exactly 12 unified atomic mass units (u) (approx. g/mole). Relative isotopic abundances often vary 5 12 VB 50.9415 Niobium (268.125) 92.90638 Tantalum 23 V 41 Nb 73 Ta 105 Db Vanadium 180.94788 231.03588 59 Pr 91Protactin. Pa 140.90765 Praseodym. www.nndc.bnl.gov/ensdf/za 4 IVB PERIODIC TABLE OF THE ELEMENTS 47.867 91.224 178.49 Hafnium (267.122) Titanium 22 Ti 40 Zr 72 Hf 104 Rf Zirconium Cerium Rutherford. 140.116 Thorium 58 Ce 90 Th 232.03806 3 IIIB nides 57–71 89–103 Lantha- Yttrium 88.90585 Actinides Scandium 44.955912 21 Sc 39 Y Lanthan. Actinium 57 La 89 Ac 138.90547 (227.02775) 2 IIA 87.62 40.078 Barium Revised 2010 by D.E. Groom (LBNL), and E. Bergren. Atomic weights of stable elements are adapted from the Commission on Isotopic A Radium 24.3050 137.327 Calcium 9.012182 Beryllium 4Be 12 Mg 20 Ca 38Strontium Sr 56 Ba 88 Ra Magnesium (226.02541) series series Actinide 1 IA Lanthanide 6.941 Cesium Sodium Lithium 1.00794 39.0983 85.4678 Francium Hydrogen Rubidium 1H 3Li 11 Na 19 K 37 Rb 55 Cs 87 Fr Potassium 22.98976928 132.9054519 (223.01974) considerably, both in natural and commercial samples; this is reflected in the number of significant figures given. Previously confirmed element 112 was Copernicium (Cn). The discovery of element 114 was confirmed in 2009. There are no other confirmed elements with Atomic masses are relative to the mass of Table 4.1. Atomic Weights, “Atomic Weights of the Elements 2007,” nucleus. The atomic mass (bottom) of a stable elements is weighted by isotopic abundances in the Earth’s surface. If the element has no stable , (in parentheses) of theand most the stable longest-lived isotope isotope currently known is is from given. In this case the mass is from