2014 YEARBOOK The Korea Press

Publisher Kim Byungho Editor in Chief Kim Sungsoo

Managing Editor Lee Sangki Tel 82-2-2001-7753 Email [email protected]

Translated by Yang Sungjin(Editor of the National Desk at The Korea Herald) Copyedited by Elaine Ramirez(Copy Editor at The Korea Herald) Chung Yongkuk(Professor, Dept. of Journalism & Mass Communication, Dongguk Univ.)

Published by Korea Press Foundation www.kpf.or.kr

Korea Press Foundation 12-15F., Korea Press Center 124 Sejong-daero, Jung-gu, Seoul, Korea

First Edition December 2014 Copyright © 2014 by Korea Press Foundation

Designed by Nine Communication

ISBN 978-89-5711-376-9 Contents

Chapter 1. 2013/2014 Korean Media Overview … 04 Chapter 2. Media Market … 22 Chapter 3. Media Workers … 30 Chapter 4. Print Newspaper Market … 40 Chapter 5. Broadcasting Market … 44 Chapter 6. Internet Newspaper Market … 56 Chapter 7. Media Audience : Pattern and Evaluation … 62 Chapter 8. Current Situation of Newspaper Industry Support … 74

Appendix 1. Overseas Branches of the Korean Media … 76 Appendix 2. Korean Correspondents Overseas … 78

Appendix 3. Foreign Correspondents in Korea … 83 Appendix 4. Directory … 90 Chapter 1 2013/2014 Korean Media Overview

• Newspaper Last year, 42.6 percent of survey participants visited the print newspapers’ websites to read their online news, marking a solid increase from Increasing News Consumption on 28.1 percent in 2011 and 36.6 percent in 2012. Mobile Internet These results suggest that the overall newspaper reader base remains little changed, but a growing According to the 2013 Audience Research Re- number of readers are adopting the Internet as a port published by the Korea Press Foundation, key outlet to read news. the number of people reading the print versions More noticeable is the change of routes that of newspapers declined, but the combined news- people use to read online news. According to the paper readership of both the print and online survey results on which platforms people use to versions stood at 76.4 percent. This figure means read news provided by newspaper companies, that 76.4 percent of South Korea’s news consum- mobile devices (smartphones, tablet PCs) ac- ers read news articles through either the print counted for 55.3 percent, outpacing fixed devices version or the websites run by media companies. (desktop and laptop computers), whose share The combined readership has remained large- was 50.7 percent. The mobile device proportion ly unchanged in the past three years (76.5 per- jumped by 35.8 percentage points and 7.9 per- cent in 2011, 77.6 percent in 2012 and 76.4 per- centage points from 2011 and 2012, respectively, cent in 2013). The underlying significance of the while the fixed device ratio went down by 0.8 readership figure, however, should be examined percentage point and 6.7 percentage points dur- against the backdrop of a shrinking subscriber ing the cited period. base of print newspapers. The survey on which platforms respondents used to read news in the Print Newspaper Readership Rate past seven days indicates that the number of print Drops; Top Three Papers Control newspaper readers went down, but the number of More than 50 Percent of Market Internet-based newspaper readers went up. Share The 2013 survey, for instance, showed that 11.0 percent of participants said they read only The subscription and readership rates of print print newspapers in the past week, down from newspapers continued to decline in 2013, and the 19.4 percent in 2011 and 14.6 percent in 2012. shrinking pace of the newspaper readership rate

4 Chapter1. 2013/2014 Korean Media Overview was more noticeable (2013 Audience Research The results showed that the influence of print Report published by the Korea Press Founda- newspapers came in at 13.9 percent. But there tion, 2013). The newspaper subscription rate were stark differences among age groups. For stood at 20.4 percent in 2013, down 4.3 percent- those in their 30s and younger, print newspapers age points from a year earlier. The newspaper lagged behind broadcast and the Internet. But readership rate, meanwhile, dropped at a faster for those in their 50s, newspapers carved up a clip, logging 33.8 percent in 2013, a decrease of respectable 19.7 percent share while the Internet 7.1 percentage points from 2012. Sex, age and accounted for 21.1 percent. For those in their income turned out to be key factors linked to 60s, newspapers were the dominant player with the newspaper subscription and readership rates. a 17.5 percent share, outpacing the Internet (8.8 Print newspaper readers tend to be male, older, percent) by a wide margin. wealthier and politically conservative. The only As for the media’s impact on shaping public exception was that the newspaper subscription opinions, newspapers ranked third after broad- and readership rates of those in their 60s were cast and the Internet. Among respondents, 56.6 lower than the figures of those in their 40s and percent said newspapers exercise a “very strong 50s. impact” and “largely noticeable impact,” while In a survey on the 2013 share of readership, the figures for broadcast and the Internet were at Chosun Ilbo topped the rankings with 22.0 per- 92.8 percent and 67.1 percent, respectively. On a cent, followed by JoongAng Ilbo (14.8 percent), scale of 1 to 5, newspapers got 3.54 points, lower Dong-A Ilbo (13.4 percent), Maeil Business than broadcast (4.46 points), mobile Internet Newspaper (4.7 percent), Hankyoreh (4.0 per- (3.73 points) and fixed Internet (3.70 points). cent), Kyunghyang Daily News (3.9 percent), Hankook Ilbo (2.5 percent), Kukmin Daily (2.5 Newspaper Revenues Down in Both percent), Busan Ilbo (2.4 percent) and IS Ilgan 2012 and 2013 Sports (2.3 percent). The so-called Big Three -- Chosun, JoongAng and Dong-A -- retained their As of Dec. 31, 2012, among the media registered leadership with their combined share surpassing with local government and agencies, the number 50 percent. of print newspapers and Internet newspapers which publish their news regularly stood at 1,418 Newspapers’ Influence on Public and 1,806, respectively. The Korea Press Foun- Opinion Lags Far Behind TV and the dation published the 2013 Annual Reports on Internet Newspaper Industry based on a survey on 1,028 print newspapers and 1,082 Internet newspapers The 2013 Audience Research Report also at- between June 19 and Aug. 30, 2013. The survey tempted to identify the influence of newspapers results show that the combined revenue of news- by asking respondents which media they rely on papers reached 3.7 trillion won in 2012, down 6.5 and are influenced by to get information about percent from 2011. and make value judgments on political, eco- The newspaper revenues were divided into nomic and social agendas as well as daily issues. five major categories. The advertisement revenue

5 of print newspapers made up the biggest share of actively contribute to the production of news, 48.8 percent (57.2 percent for daily newspapers going beyond the stage of suggesting story ideas. and 46.9 percent for weekly newspapers), fol- South Korea’s representative crowdsourcing lowed by value-added and additional business journalism has been spearheaded by Hankyoreh. (24.3 percent), print newspaper sales (17.7 per- Hankyoreh kicked off a project aimed at retriev- cent), Internet advertising revenue (7.1 percent), ing the hidden assets of former president Chun Internet content revenue (1.6 percent) and Inter- Doo-hwan. With the legal deadline approaching, net content resale revenue (0.5 percent). the newspaper attempted to discover Chun’s hid- Meanwhile, 35 print newspapers, which sub- den assets that should be returned to the national mit their audit reports to the Financial Supervi- coffers. On May 20, 2013, Hankyoreh started sory Service, generated a combined revenue of the “Don’t forget Chun Doo-hwan Dictionary 2.4 trillion won in 2013, down 4.2 percent from 1.0” and provided a list of names of people in- 2012. During the cited period, the revenues of volved in the formation of Chun’s slush funds, national, sports and free newspapers went down together with other lists including the names of by 4.16 percentage points, 27.97 percentage his relatives and catalogue of assets and golf points and 49.18 percentage points, respectively. clubs he allegedly runs. In addition, Newstapa In contrast, regional newspapers saw their rev- launched a tax safe haven project with the Inter- enues edge up by 2.0 percentage points. Busi- national Consortium of Investigative Journalists ness and IT newspapers also witnessed a slight in 2013, showcasing the advantages of crowd- increase in revenue by 0.86 percentage point and sourcing. 0.14 percentage point. • Collaborative Journalism Changes in Journalism: Crowdsourcing and Collaborative Journalism JoongAng Ilbo and Hankyoreh started a new section called “Into the Editorial” on May 21, • Crowdsourcing Journalism 2013, comparing and contrasting their editori- als. This weekly section, which is published Crowdsourcing is a portmanteau of “crowd” and every Tuesday in both papers, marked the first- “outsourcing.” This term refers to the process ever collaborative attempt by Korean media. of obtaining needed information and knowledge The collaborative section provides two editori- by soliciting contributions from a large group als from JoongAng and Hankyoreh on a single of people. In recent years, crowdsourcing jour- topic, offering a venue in which young readers nalism is getting more attention in the media can compare the different views and discuss industry as it utilizes the power of “collective the issue in order to get a balanced perspective. intelligence.” Crowdsourcing journalism gained Instead of staff reporters, four media education momentum on the strength of fast-expanding specialists and high school teachers recom- social media and the rapid penetration of smart- mended by JoongAng and Hankyoreh oversee phones. It is now evolving into an open-type the section, providing their views on the edito- journalism in which citizens are encouraged to rial content.

6 Chapter1. 2013/2014 Korean Media Overview • Collaborative Digital Storytelling ing a new era. But the free newspaper industry recently faced a make-or-break period. Daily In a departure from the traditional text-based Focus, which competed with Metro to lead the descriptions in the news, more media compa- free newspaper market, once published 300,000 nies are producing convergence online content copies daily. But Daily Focus suspended its op- in which multimedia -- photos, videos and eration indefinitely on April 30, 2014. AM7, an- infographics -- are put together. Collabora- other free newspaper published by Munhwa Ilbo, tive digital storytelling is also getting positive suspended its operation on April 1, 2013. City reviews as it marks a fresh endeavor toward Newspaper, a free evening paper, was shuttered advancing journalism. For instance, Kyunghy- on May 24, 2013. After Sports Hankook, a free ang Daily News produced “His Fingertip,” a sports paper, went bankrupt, its staff reporters collaborative project among 10 staff members founded Hankook Sports as a free paper but soon from the Digital News, Newsroom, Design and after turned it into a paid newspaper. Media Strategy departments. Over a period of The downfall of free newspapers stems from three months, the members created multimedia three reasons. First, the spread of smartphones news featuring the interference of the National exposed more readers to Internet-based news. Intelligence Service in the presidential election. According to the 2013 Audience Research report, Published on Kyunghyang’s homepage on Jan. the number of print newspaper readers continues 22, 2014, the multimedia news report attracted to go down, but the combined readership rate 60,000 views even with a running time of more of news available in print newspapers and their than 10 minutes. online versions has remained little changed over Maeil Business Newspaper produced two the past three years. This result suggests that multimedia news items in early 2014: “My newspaper readers are now using the Internet to Name is Invincible” in January and “My Love read news rather than the print version. Stone” in February. The first multimedia news Second, the shrinking pool of print newspa- concerns the country’s top racing horse, while per readers led to a drop in advertising revenue. the second story portrays how five female ath- In 2012, free newspapers saw their combined letes managed to make it to the Olympic Games revenue plunging 35.1 percentage points year in the lesser known sport of curling. “My Love on year. Their net profit plummeted by 70.73 Stone” combines a long-form feature article with percentage points during the cited period. Third, nine videos, 18 photos and 10 infographics in free newspapers failed to provide differentiated an experimental manner. The project won the news content in the race against mobile news Monthly Reporter’s Award from the Journalists available on major portal sites. As the majority Association of Korea. of news items in free newspapers came from news agencies or their parent companies, readers Shutdown of Free Newspapers did not regard their content as unique. Providing news customized for mobile news readers was In May 2002, Metro debuted as the first free- key to staying competitive. of-charge newspaper in South Korea, herald-

7 • Broadcasting Walkout and Sacking of President at KBS

Third Leadership Launched at KCC The deadly sinking of the Sewol ferry on April and KOCSC 16, 2014, left the nation in shock and sadness. The tragic accident also eventually led to a On April 8, 2014, Choi Sung-joon, who had management shakeup for the public broadcaster worked in the legal field, was appointed as the KBS. Kim Si-gon, chief of the KBS newsroom, chief of the Korea Communications Commis- resigned after he caused a public uproar by al- sion (KCC). On June 17, Park Hyo-jong was legedly comparing the number of casualties of confirmed as the head of the Korea Communica- the Sewol tragedy with annual traffic fatalities. tions Standards Commission (KOCSC). The two Kim also revealed that KBS president Gil Hwan- appointments marked the third leadership of the young undermined the newsroom’s indepen- two major regulatory body governing broadcast dence and that Cheong Wa Dae interfered with and telecom industries. Article No. 3 and 18 of the station’s news coverage of the sinking of the the Bill on the Establishment of the KCC speci- Sewol ferry. Following Kim’s claims, KBS’ two fy the rules related to the operations of the KCC labor unions -- KBS Labor Union and KBS New and the KOCSC. The terms for the top posts of Labor Union – launched a labor strike on May the two organizations are three years. Since the 19 by refusing to produce programs while calling KCC’s foundation in 2008, the first leadership for the resignation of Gil Hwan-young. The two lasted through 2010, and the second continued labor groups went on a full-fledged walkout at 5 until 2013. The third leadership is set to run a.m. on May 29. The two labor unions account through 2016. Four people were appointed to the for 80 percent of all KBS employees, and the KCC’s standing committee: Hur Won-jae, Kim simultaneous walkouts by both groups was the Jae-hong, Lee Ki-ju and Koh Sam-seok. The first since 2009 when the KBS labor union split third leadership of the KCC drew up a vision into two. called “Promoting Fair and Creative Broadcast- The walkout lasted for 19 days, disrupting Telecom Environment” and its policy objectives even the coverage of the June 4 local elections include nurturing fair and trustworthy broadcast, as well as daily news. On May 28, the board of supporting the creative economy in the era of directors at KBS held an emergency meeting broadcast-telecom convergences, and setting and discussed whether KBS president Gil Hwan- up broadcast-telecom environments devoted to young should be removed from his post. The promoting people’s happiness. But the KCC’s board members squabbled over the issue for nine position changed dramatically as its authority hours but failed to reach a conclusion, which and functions were transferred to the Ministry resulted in a delay of voting on Gil’s status. On of Science, ICT and Future Planning, a state June 5, the board members finally voted 7-4 to agency newly created under the Park Geun-hye dismiss Gil. As the board of directors moved to government. fire Gil, the KBS labor unions expressed their support and pledged to return to the newsroom

8 Chapter1. 2013/2014 Korean Media Overview immediately. The board of directors submitted disasters as part of efforts to set up a crisis man- its decision on Gil to President Park Geun-hye agement system. In South Korea, KBS is the through the Ministry of Security and Public Ad- chief broadcaster for reporting on such disasters ministration on June 9. President Park confirmed under the related law, and there is also a manual Gil’s dismissal on June 10. on reporting disasters. But there are no detailed guidelines that broadcasters and journalists can Incorrect Broadcast Reports on follow, media scholars argued, and a host of Sewol Tragedy and Problems with seminars were held to discuss the absence of Disaster Coverage such instructions.

South Korea’s major broadcasters aired a number Comprehensive Programming and of false reports on the Sewol tragedy. The first News Channels Secure Renewed breaking news announcement on the morning of Licenses April 16, 2014, was positive: All the students and teachers aboard the ferry Sewol were rescued. On July 9, 2013, the Korea Communications But it was just the beginning of a long list of bla- Commission unveiled the results of its inspection tantly incorrect news reports. At 2 p.m. the Cen- of the 2012 business plans submitted by compre- tral Disaster Countermeasure Headquarters said hensive programming and news channels. The that 368 people -- out of 477 passengers aboard KCC took a close look at whether the compre- the ferry -- were rescued, and all news media put hensive programming channels maintained the out reports based on the agency’s erroneous an- required ratio of in-house to outsourced programs nouncement without checking facts. Even KBS, and implemented seven major business plans. which is required to take a leading role in disas- The inspection showed that comprehensive ter coverage, aired an incorrect report at 10:47 programming channels did not fully implement a.m., saying that “all the passengers got out of their plans in three areas: plans to ensure broad- the ferry and rescue tools were thrown in to casters’ public responsibility, enhance fairness rescue them.” On July 2, the Korea Communica- and serve public interest; plans to contribute tions Standards Commission issued a warning to to the local broadcast equipment industry and all nine broadcasters (three terrestrial broadcast- R&D; and plans to promote and support the con- ers, four comprehensive programming channels tent industry. Most comprehensive programming and two news channels) for having aired the false report that all the students of Danwon High 7 major business plans of comprehen- School were rescued. sive programming channels The KCC said it would consider revoking or reviewing the licenses of broadcasters if they ① Plans to ensure broadcasters’ public responsibility, enhance fairness and serve the public interest ② Plans to contribute to produced inaccurate or sensational reports on the local broadcast equipment industry and R&D ③ Plans to promote and support the content industry ④ Plans to promote disasters. Advanced countries such as the U.S., balanced regional development ⑤ Plans to support minority viewers ⑥ Plans to ensure fair trade of content ⑦ Plans to kick- U.K., Japan and Germany have established a start the paid broadcast market set of journalism guidelines on covering major

9 channels followed the rules for the ratio of in- the system. Once a service provider requested a house to outsourced programs, but TV Chosun temporary business permit for a new technology failed to meet the condition in the second half of or service, the ministry would issue the permit, 2012 as its outsourced programs made up 32.3 with a duration of 1-2 years, as part of a compre- percent, stopping short of the target of plus-35 hensive service. According to the Special Act on percent. ICT, the ministry finalized and made public the Meanwhile, the KCC held a plenary meeting fast-track procedure and temporary permit issu- on March 19, 2014 and confirmed three-year ance rules on Aug. 1, 2014. extensions of licenses for TV Chosun, JTBC and Yonhap News TV, whose licenses were to expire Digital Conversion of Cable TV and on March 31, and Channel A, whose license was Permit for 8VSB to expire on April 21. According to the results of the license reviews, the four broadcasters In December 2012, terrestrial TV broadcast was received more than the cutoff of 650 points out fully converted from analogue to digital. With of the total 1,000 points. None of them failed in terrestrial TV’s transition complete, policymak- specific areas. However, during the review, KCC ers pushed for the digital conversion of cable commissioners, appointed on the recommenda- TV as an important agenda. As of May 2013, tion of the opposition party, stormed out of the the number of cable TV subscribers -- both ana- meeting in protest, so the votes were cast only by logue and digital -- reached 14.83 million. The the commissioners appointed on the recommen- proportion of analogue service users accounted dation of the ruling party. for 54.7 percent (8.11 million) and the figure for digital service users came in at 45.3 percent Special Act on ICT and News Ser- (6.72 million). The Ministry of Science, ICT and vices Launched Future Planning allowed cable operators to use 8VSB (eight-level vestigial sideband) to speed On Aug. 13, 2013, the National Assembly leg- up the digital conversion. The spectrum, which islated the Special Act on the vitalization of the had been used by terrestrial broadcasters, was promotion and convergence of the ICT industry allowed for cable operators because it could help (Special Act on ICT, No. 12032) in order to nur- analogue cable users to shift to the digital format ture the convergence services of broadcast and without additional costs -- a benefit that could telecom. The law went into effect on Feb. 14, enhance the welfare of viewers and accelerate 2014. the digital conversion. With the legislation of the Special Act on ICT, Clear QAM service, which allows for the many ICT convergence technology and service viewing of digital TV without the installation of projects found second chances after a long delay a set-top box, was launched in September 2013. due to ambiguous legal restrictions or the ab- Digital cable broadcast originally required a set- sence of related laws. The Ministry of Science, top box to decode QAM signals, but a digital ICT and Future Planning announced that new TV customized for low-income viewers has a services would be, in principle, allowed under built-in set-top box for receiving QAM signals.

10 Chapter1. 2013/2014 Korean Media Overview Therefore, viewers can watch digital cable TV program on April 1, 2014, kicking off its 50-min- programs by simply connecting the cable lines to ute daily news program “News K.” It featured their TV sets. 10-hour special coverage on the sinking of the Sewol ferry and put out a scoop on a controver- Sangam Digital Media City Emerges sial comment made by Prime Minister nominee as Broadcast Hub Moon Chang-keuk. Despite the public attention it received, Kukmin TV had to slim down its Major terrestrial broadcaster SBS and cable program after three months of operation as pro- channel operator CJ E&M earlier moved to ducers had to do all the work from news report- Sangam-dong, Seoul. In August 2014, terrestrial ing to video editing without support staff such as broadcaster MBC also moved its headquarters to assistant directors and floor directors. Sangam-dong, heralding the emergence of Sang- am Digital Media City as a new broadcasting hub. As massive broadcast facilities were built • Internet News Industry in Sangam-dong and Ilsan, outside of Seoul, the era of Yeouido, which used to host all the major broadcasters, drew to a close. Data on Registered Internet News- On December 6, 2013, Bitmaru Broadcasting papers Center was built in Ilsan. The center, equipped with top-notch broadcasting facilities and space, Article No. 2 of the Act on the Promotion of is designed to help small and medium-sized Newspapers, etc. defines “internet newspaper.” program providers and independent production Table 1 shows the number of registered internet houses to create content as full-fledged digital newspapers with the total number of registered broadcasting got off to a start. periodicals in South Korea. The number of The Korea Communications Agency, affili- registered internet newspapers was just 286 in ated with the Ministry of Science, ICT and Fu- late 2005, or 3.8 percent of 7,536 registered ture Planning, runs Bitmaru Broadcasting Center periodicals. In the following years, the internet jointly with the Korea Creative Content Agency, newspaper market expanded at a rapid pace. At under the Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tour- the end of 2013, the number of registered inter- ism. Established on a site of 10,702 square me- net newspapers surged to 4,916, marking a 17- ters, the 20-story building plus four underground fold increase over eight years. The proportion of floors provide broadcasting facilities (floors 1-8) internet newspapers also climbed each year to as well as commercial office space (floors 9-20). stand at 30.6 percent at the end of 2013.

Kukmin TV Starts Service but Re- Introduction of Multimedia, Interac- structures Programs over Staff tive News Shortage South Korea’s media industry began to adopt Kukmin TV, a media cooperative, aired its first so-called “Snow Fall journalism,” a multimedia-

11 Registration Data of Internet Newspapers

Category 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

Periodicals (number) 7,536 8,551 9,479 9,652 12,961 12,081 13,268 14,563 16,042

Internet newspapers 286 626 927 1,282 1,698 2,484 3,193 3,914 4,916 (number)

Ratio (percent) 3.8 7.3 9.8 13.3 13.1 20.6 24.1 26.9 30.6

Source: e-Nara Index rich storytelling method pioneered by the New So far, innovation in South Korea’s journal- York Times. The U.S. newspaper won the Pu- ism sector has revolved around platforms based litzer Prize with a feature titled “Snow Fall” in on new technologies. Against this backdrop, April 2013, drawing keen interest from around multimedia interactive news can be deemed as a the world. The Guardian produced a similarly fresh attempt to offer new, creative content. The multimedia-oriented project named “Firestorm” number of media companies producing such and the Washington Post also jumped into the multimedia interactive news is on the rise; more fray with “The Prophets of Oak Ridge.” A major multimedia-rich news means the evolution of Japanese newspaper, Asahi Shimbun, tried out the country’s online news content is gaining mo- the multimedia format with a story titled “Last mentum. Dance,” and many other media outlets across the world have dabbled in features modeled af- Experiments with Paid Online News ter “Snow Fall.” Content In South Korea, a host of multimedia projects have hit the Internet: “The Island, Pagoda,” from From very early on, Internet news media outlets Asia Economic Daily, which won the Monthly were keen to get readers to pay fees to read their Reporter’s Award from the Journalists Associa- content. For individual Internet news media, set- tion of Korea; “Hullabaloo Choir” from Chosun ting up a paid news content service goes beyond Ilbo; “Respond 7452” from SisaIN; “My Name the simple attempt to generate more profits. In is Invincible” from Maeil Business Newspaper; fact, running a successful paid content service is “His Fingertip” from Kyunghyang Daily News; the ultimate business goal facing the segment. and “Tragedy of Notebook Personnel Choices” Several newspapers have already tried to intro- from Hankyoreh. duce paid news content services. In September The features are often called “multimedia 2013, Maeil Business Newspaper launched interactive news,” but there is no clear definition Maeil e-Newspaper, taking the lead in the na- yet. The stories, however, share a combination scent paid news service market. Other news- of different media formats such as text, photos, papers quickly followed suit. Korea Economic graphics, sound, animation and video. News Daily kick-started Hankyung PLUS, Chosun media companies that struggled to develop killer Ilbo unveiled Premium Chosun and Naeil Shin- content are now exploring new possibilities mun rolled out e-Naeil Shinmun. through the multimedia interactive news. Maeil Business Newspaper’s Maeil e-

12 Chapter1. 2013/2014 Korean Media Overview Newspaper offers the option of reading the print Alternative Media Kick-start Inter- version on digital platforms, while allowing sub- net News Sites scribers to save articles. The service is available on different devices such as desktop PCs, smart- A growing number of alternative Internet news phones and tablet computers. Other services in- media are making their debut in the form of clude behind-the-scenes stories, special reports, nonprofit organizations or cooperatives. New- trend-based news, various indexes, investment stapa and Kukmin TV belong to the alternative data, earnings and corporate data on Korean online news media category. Newstapa gained companies. Korea Economic Daily provides a public attention by reporting on a suspected set of similar premium services. Readers of its tax evasion incident in May 2013. Kukmin TV, Hankyung PLUS can view the print version and which started as a cooperative, kicked off its ser- save articles on various digital platforms. Its vice on April 1, 2014, and introduced a regular premium content includes exclusive stories on daily news program (from Monday to Friday at business, current affairs, culture and entertain- 9 p.m.), which follows the same format adopted ment. Both business dailies charge the same by terrestrial broadcast networks. Pressian, an price for their services, set at 15,000 won for the Internet newspaper established in 2001, became digital version, and 20,000 won for the digital a cooperative in July 2013, the first such attempt version and paper delivery. by a Korean media outlet. Whether alternative Chosun Ilbo’s Premium Chosun focuses on Internet media can come up with tangible results quality content. The special section features pre- remains to be seen. But there is a positive sign mium content from 300 writers in its newsroom that alternative Internet news media are already and 210 experts from various fields. Behind-the- attracting attention from online users in Korea. scenes stories, in-depth analyses, columns and In particular, their focus on investigative jour- Q&As between reporters and subscribers are nalism is infusing a fresh stimulus to the estab- available in the section. Other services include lished media. access to a biographical database of Koreans Meanwhile, the Huffington Post, a lead- and a photo database. Initially, Chosun was said ing internet news aggregator and blog, joined to charge certain fees for its premium content. hands with Hankyoreh to found Huffington Post Naeil Shinmun’s e-Naeil Shinmun is one of the Korea on Feb. 28, 2014. Huffington’s Korean most aggressive outlets seeking to commercial- edition, its 11th joint endeavor with other media ize their news content. Naeil announced it would outside of the U.S., is a hybrid outlet that com- charge for all of its news content and suspended bines news and blogs. Despite the brand power its content delivery to online portal sites. While of its parent company, Huffington Post Korea the subscribers of the print version can get free does not have a strong influence in the local access to its website, other users have to pay media market yet. One reason behind the slow 10,000 won per month to read Naeil’s news ar- growth of Huffington Post Korea can be found ticles online. in Korea’s distinctive media market, which is already overcrowded with a number of Internet media.

13 Live Streaming of TV News on Di- Meanwhile, JTBC garnered more than 1.2 verse Platforms million online viewers for its live coverage of the June 4 local elections. The program on final In the second half of 2013, JTBC, a comprehen- vote results attracted nearly 400,000 hits. JTBC’s sive programming channel, started live stream- strategy is deemed a success as it charted a new ing its main news program on portal sites. The course by diversifying its news content delivery service marked the first-ever attempt; major routes to online platforms in a way that boosted broadcast networks have not tried such stream- the viewership. Whether its move would have ing services for their flagship news programs. a positive impact on its balance sheet should be JTBC started the streaming service of its news analyzed later. program on Naver and Daum on Oct. 21, 2013. It also began to provide its streaming news to Daum-Kakao Merger and Kakao Nate and YouTube on Dec. 23 of the same year. News In addition, JTBC was already providing audio files of its news program to leading podcast One of the year’s biggest news developments service provider Podbbang. The comprehensive in the South Korean media industry was the programming channel also offered its news merger of Daum Communications and Kakao program to streaming service provider Afreeca Corp., which was announced on May 26, 2014. TV. JTBC limited the streaming service to its On Oct. 1, 2014, the newly merged company, flagship evening news program, but its strategy named Daum Kakao, was launched. The merger appears to be based on its efforts to boost ratings drew keen public interest as Kakao, known for and enhance its social impact. As JTBC set out its popular mobile messenger, joined forces with to increase its influence by offering its news on Daum, a major portal. Some analysts predicted different platforms, other comprehensive pro- that Daum Kakao would emerge as a strong con- gramming channels and terrestrial broadcasters tender against Naver, the country’s biggest portal are also paying attention to the potential of such keen to boost its mobile presence. In a related services. development, Kakao News also attracted atten- JTBC’s strategy to diversify its distribution tion in the mobile news industry. The service, routes appears to have led to an increase in view- which debuted in September 2014, has huge po- ership. Three weeks after JTBC started streaming tential largely because it can be linked to Kakao “News 9,” the number of its accumulated view- Talk. Given that Kakao Talk has 35 million us- ers surpassed 1 million. In the first week of Janu- ers, or the majority of smartphone users in South ary 2014, the number of viewers watching the Korea, Kakao News could generate a strong streaming news live reached 500,000. Its podcast impact on the news industry. In theory, if Kakao service attracted more than 1 million hits. On News adopted a push service, it could deliver a Feb. 7, 2014, the number of accumulated viewers news item to as many as 35 million Kakao Talk -- from both live streaming and podcast services subscribers. This is why news media companies -- surpassed 10 million. The figure topped 30 are concerned about how Kakao News plans to million on May 5 and 42 million on June 7. deliver its news.

14 Chapter1. 2013/2014 Korean Media Overview Regardless of delivery method, Kakao News Internet. Therefore, when users ask Google to cannot avoid sensitive issues involving news remove links that contain irrelevant or overly copyright and profit sharing based on mobile ad- personal information about them, the search en- vertising revenue. Depending on the negotiation gine has to delete the links, the ruling said. Even results with media companies, Daum Kakao can if information posted on the website in question bring in significant changes to the online news is legal, Google is obligated to remove the links media industry. Nonetheless, Kakao News is es- and must also set up a separate channel through sentially a news service operated by a portal site. which users can request the removal of personal If and when Kakao News gains ground, portals information in search results. If Google refuses will be able to tighten their grip on the mobile to remove the links, users can ask governmental news market. organizations to enforce the removal, the ruling Aside from Kakao News, Google is also specified. But the right to be forgotten is applied strengthening its localized news service in South only to personal information that is not directly Korea, suggesting that more changes will hit related to public interest. As the ruling involves the online news industry. Google launched Play only the removal of links, it is another matter Newsstand, a news app, in November 2013. It to remove websites that contain problematic was confirmed that Google explored news con- content. The ruling, meanwhile, does not put tent partnerships with a number of Korean media forward specific conditions that dictate Google’s firms in 2014. Currently, mobile apps hold a very decision to either accept or refuse a user’s re- small share in total mobile news consumption in quest for the removal of links. Instead, the ruling South Korea. Most mobile news gets distributed suggests a vague principle of striking a balance through mobile websites, especially those run by between public interest and an individual’s right major portals. Therefore, it seems unlikely that to privacy. Google’s Play Newsstand will reshape the coun- The ECJ ruling instantly touched off a fire- try’s mobile news industry. But Google exercises storm of disputes over whether it undermined the an almost absolute influence in the mobile eco- freedom of the press and restricted the formation system and smart media market with its Android of public opinion. Removing articles critical of operating system. Any change in Google’s news individuals or links to such information available service policy can potentially have a strong im- on Google can limit the freedom of the press. pact on the Korean mobile news market. There is also a concern that the practice of allow- ing the removal of online search results can lead The Right to be Forgotten and the to media censorship and, by extension, control Freedom of the Press of the media. The ECJ ruling is also stirring up a controversy in South Korea. Under the Act on On May 13, 2014, the European Court of Justice Promotion of Information and Communications (ECJ) handed down a ruling against Google, Network Utilization and Information Protec- recognizing “the right to be forgotten.” The tion (Article No. 44, 2), a Korean user can ask court said that all users of search engines such for the removal of personal information on the as Google have the right to be forgotten on the Internet or what is called a “temporary measure”

15 to restrict access to such data. However, the law The proportion of smartphone users who read has been under criticism for its limitations. Cur- news via Web-based portal news services was rently, the media is encouraged to initiate social 59 percent, while the figure for dedicated news debates to ensure both the right to be forgotten media was 54 percent. The gap in the average and the freedom of the press. visit duration and average page views was wider between the two competing services on smart- Surge in Mobile News Content phones than on desktop computers. In short, portal news services attracted five times more Personal computers were used to be the dominant mobile traffic than dedicated news media. Over a channel to read news. In recent years, however, period of one month, smartphone users spent an smart devices led by smartphones have outpaced average of 2 hours and 33 minutes reading news personal computers as the leading channel to on portal news sites, while spending just 32 min- read news. The latest traffic data on news readers utes for dedicated news sites. Portal news sites show that mobile news usage has increased dra- recorded an average of 191 pages in terms of the matically thanks to the wide adoption of smart- monthly page views, while dedicated news sites phones. In terms of net visitors, news services on lagged behind with 36 page views. major portals attracted slightly more traffic than news sites run by print newspapers, broadcasters and Internet newspapers. Among personal com- • Advertising puter users, 71 percent use news services on por- tal sites, while the figure for dedicated news sites reached 69 percent. When it comes to average Advertising Market Grows Only 2 visit duration and average page views, however, Percent in 2013 portal news sites outpaced dedicated news sites by 2 to 1. In detail, users spent an average of 1 In 2013, the advertising market grew by only hour and 57 minutes per month reading news on about 2 percent, undershooting expectations. Ac- portal sites, and 48 minutes on dedicated news cording to Cheil Worldwide’s annual report on sites. Portal news site users logged 169 average advertising, South Korea’s net expenditure on page views, while the figure for dedicated news advertising was 9.58 trillion won in 2013, risen media was 74 page views. by about 2.2 percent from 9.38 trillion won in The number of smartphone users continues to 2012. Another broadcast advertising expenditure rise, as does the number of users preferring tab- analysis from the Korea Broadcast Advertising let computers to desktop and laptop computers. Corporation (KOBACO) showed that South This shift illustrates the fact that smart platforms Korea’s advertising market grew 2.9 percent on- are the dominant channel for consuming news year to reach 11.29 trillion won in 2013. The content in the mobile environment. Users read lower-than-expected growth was brought on by news available on the Web or via mobile apps. In shrinking private consumption and lagging ex- South Korea, Web-based usage of news content ports that caused most companies to reduce their remains the mainstream. advertising budgets.

16 Chapter1. 2013/2014 Korean Media Overview Cheil Worldwide’s 2013 advertising expendi- from a year earlier, illustrating the downward ture breakdown for media shows that terrestrial trend in newspaper advertising. TV and print media advertisements declined, While the advertisement market for tradi- while advertising via IPTV, mobile devices and tional media such as terrestrial TV and news- movie theaters increased. KOBACO’s statistics papers continued to decline, new media pulled show the same trend with marginal differences off steady growth throughout 2013. The Internet in figures. sector’s share of advertising expenditures grew The 2013 net advertising expenditure break- by 2.5 percent, recording a small but consistent down based on the type of media -- broadcast, rise. The mobile advertising market grew by print media, the Internet, OOH, mobile devices 119 percent, maintaining its rapid growth. OOH and production -- indicates that broadcast adver- showed a stable growth rate of 5.9 percent, and tising still takes the largest share of ad spending movie theater advertisements continued to enjoy with 37.2 percent. Of the broadcasting sector, a high growth rate of 10.9 percent. terrestrial TV advertisements take the biggest South Korea’s expenditure on advertising is portion with 19.1 percent. The broadcasting diverging from the traditional four major media sector was followed by the print media sector platforms to new media, a trend that acceler- at 21.0 percent (newspapers at 16.1 percent and ated in 2013. Of the new media, IPTV, mobile magazines at 4.8 percent) and the Internet sec- devices and movie theater advertisements seem tor at 20.9 percent. This shows that Internet ad particularly promising channels for reaching spending now outpaces that of terrestrial TV and consumers. newspapers. In addition, expenditures on out- door advertising media recorded 10.1 percent, Rapid Growth and Intensifying mobile device advertising 4.8 percent and pro- Competition of the Mobile Device duction costs 6.1 percent. Advertising Market In 2013, the broadcasting sector’s terrestrial TV recorded 19.1 percent. Although it still The biggest change in advertising in 2013 was accounted for the biggest share of the entire the explosive growth of the mobile advertising advertising expenditure, its share declined 5.4 market powered by the mass adoption of smart- percent from the previous year(2012). On the phones. The market grew more than 100 percent other hand, cable TV/comprehensive program- in 2013 and is expected to have seen sizable ming channels grew by 4.6 percent to take 14.4 growth in 2014. It is predicted that this will re- percent of total ad spending. IPTV deserves sult in sluggish growth in Internet advertising particular attention. Although the IPTV segment and even trigger negative growth in traditional took only 0.4 percent of total ad spending, it re- media advertising. corded a breakneck growth rate of 61.7 percent. The increase in mobile traffic is leading to Newspapers, which belong to the print media greater competition among advertisers target- sector, carved out a 16.1 percent share of overall ing mobile devices. Google, Daum and Naver ad spending. Newspapers remain a major adver- launched their mobile advertisement solutions in tising channel, but their share slid 6.6 percent 2013, and SK Planet jumped into the market in

17 2014. KT is also preparing to make inroads into casting entitled the “Comprehensive Plan on the mobile advertising market. Furthermore, Broadcasting Industry Development in the Era global companies such as Facebook and Twitter of the Creative Economy” on Dec. 10, 2013. are also set to enter the domestic market, all of The new measure is expected to substantially which will lead to heating up competition. relax numerous regulations that hitherto restrict the local broadcast advertising market. The key Potential of Comprehensive Pro- areas of changes in the market are as follows: gramming Channels as Advertising Media Confirmed ①Increasing mandatory reception fees for public broadcasting ②Establishing a road Throughout 2013, a serious debate played out map for improving broadcast advertising over whether the government should renew institutions ③Reforming the list of items licenses for the three comprehensive program- prohibited from advertising ④Expanding the ming channels (TV Chosun, JTBC and Channel advertising sales area allowed for media reps, A) and one news channel (News Y). In March from the current terrestrial broadcast into oth- 2014, the government renewed the licenses for er fields such as comprehensive programming the four channels for the next three years, put- channels, IPTV and DMB. ting an end to the debate. Though their initial ratings sagged at 0.3 percent, these channels Particularly, the road map for reforming the steadily increased viewership, which is why ad broadcast advertising system includes permis- spending is increasing for these comprehensive sion for terrestrial broadcasters to run commer- programming channels despite a slowdown in cial breaks and designating a certain portion of the cable TV advertisement market. airtime to commercials, which had been heavily According to the Korea Communications debated before but never realized. The debate Commission’s 2013 ratings analysis for service drew attention once again in 2014, with heated providers, TV Chosun and JTBC’s ratings were discussions between paid service operators and as high as that of SBS, a terrestrial broadcaster. terrestrial broadcasters. In 2014, comprehensive programming channels Terrestrial channels, which are already los- recorded higher ratings not only for entertain- ing viewers to comprehensive programming ment programs such as talk shows and soap op- channels, insist that a cap on the total number eras, but also news and current affairs programs, of commercials and the implementation of com- which attract more advertising. mercial breaks will increase their advertisement income, which will enable them to produce Sea Change Expected in Broadcast higher-quality broadcasting content and better Advertising Market due to New public services. On the other hand, major news- Government Measures papers that own cable TV and comprehensive programming channels argue that a cap on the For the first time since 1999, the government total number of commercials and the imple- announced a new comprehensive plan on broad- mentation of commercial breaks will drastically

18 Chapter1. 2013/2014 Korean Media Overview reduce advertising income, which will not only media advertisements has sparked a change in threaten the survival of paid services but even the way advertising agencies produce their com- infringe on viewers’ rights. The Comprehensive mercials. Until now, terrestrial TV had generally Plan on Broadcasting also includes a plan to ex- led advertising campaigns, while other media pand the scope of the Media Rep Law to include played a supporting role. Today, however, it is the Internet and mobile device advertisements, the Internet and mobile advertising that lead the which will require further discussion. campaign while television plays a supporting role such as announcing its start. For example, The Emergence of the Cross Media Korean Air’s 2013 “The Europe that I love Top Market 10” campaign had been driven primarily on Internet and mobile platforms, whereas conven- The spread of the N screen and a growing in- tional media -- print media and TV -- played a terest in new media have hurt terrestrial TV’s supporting role. viewership. These changes have brought forth the cross media campaign market, which inte- grates diverse media to deliver a new type of • Media-related Laws advertisement. It appears that more cross media campaigns, such as connecting television adver- tisements with mobile devices, will gain growth A series of laws regarding broadcasting had momentum. Furthermore, a debate raged over been legislated and amended between late 2013 integrated viewership analysis in 2013, with a and early 2014. The Broadcasting Law was growing number of people enjoying content on amended twice and articles regarding installa- a wide range of platforms including TV, mobile tion of broadcasting and communication equip- devices and personal computers. ment had been added to the Framework Act on Integrated viewership is a tool to determine Broadcasting Communications Development. the value of given content in today’s multimedia More importantly, the Special Act on the As- world. If content-based total viewership data is sistance to the Development of Regional Broad- aggregated to better assess its value, it would be casting had been legislated. possible to gauge the advertising effect of cross Laws tend to reflect the needs of the times. media more accurately. This will in turn spur Therefore, it is assumed that the Sewol ferry the growth of the cross media sector. In 2014, tragedy in April 2014 was the reason why the the Korea Broadcasters Association and ratings Regulation on the Installation of Broadcast- agencies suggested specific methods to assess ing and Communication Equipment in case of integrated viewership. Disaster was added to the Framework Act on Broadcasting Communications Development. In The Changing Roles of New and addition, amendments to the Broadcasting Law Conventional Media in Advertising included many regulation changes related to KBS; this may be due to the public’s heightened The shifting expenditure for traditional and new focus on the role of KBS as a public broadcaster.

19 It is timely that the amendments to the which the National Assembly would approve Broadcasting Law included the addition of a the report. The problem was that the BAI’s audit clause of “regulation against racial, ethnic, re- took place only after the National Assembly’s gional or religious discrimination” to the Broad- preliminary approval. The BAI is required to cast Deliberation Regulation. South Korea has receive KBS’ financial report from the KCC, run become a multicultural society with a growing its audit and then send the results back to the population of diverse races, nationalities and KCC. religions. Against this backdrop, broadcasting Since the approval order is from the KCC to should promote social cohesion while avoiding the National Assembly to the BAI, there was a divisive content such as racial, ethnic, regional possibility that the BAI’s role could become a or religious discrimination. mere formality. It was also possible that the re- The newly legislated Special Act on the sults of the audit could not be presented in time Assistance to the Development of Regional for the National Assembly to refer to in its final Broadcasting is designed to support regional approval process. In addition, if the National broadcasters, which face many challenges. The Assembly delayed the preliminary approval, Special Act on the Assistance to the Develop- the board’s audit would also be postponed. To ment of Regional Newspapers had already been solve these problems, the approval process was legislated and in effect since 2004. The Special changed so that the Board of Audit’s inspection Act on the Assistance to the Development of would have greater significance. Also, relevant Regional Broadcasting came belatedly, especial- regulations were amended or introduced so that ly compared to the version concerning regional the Board of Audit’s inspection results would be newspapers. But regardless of the timing, state- used in the National Assembly’s budget and ac- led support for regional broadcasters seems rea- count process. sonable given that they provide a public service and serve public interests. • Amendment of May 28, 2014

Broadcasting Law Many regulations under the Broadcasting Law were amended. First, the clause of “regulation • Amendment of Aug. 13, 2013 against racial, ethnic, regional or religious dis- crimination” was added to broadcast delibera- Small modifications were made to the financial tion standards, which is defined by the Korea auditing for the public broadcaster KBS. Three Communications Standards Commission. institutions oversee the financial report by KBS: Also, a wide range of procedures had been the Korea Communications Commission, the put in place to institutionally uphold KBS’ in- Board of Audit and Inspection of Korea and the dependence and political neutrality, including National Assembly. Prior to the amendments, enforced standards for dismissals, appointment KBS was required to submit its financial docu- hearings and professional confidentiality. ments to the KCC and National Assembly with- Finally, diverse systems had been newly in two months of the end of its fiscal year, after implemented or upgraded to protect and pro-

20 Chapter1. 2013/2014 Korean Media Overview mote the rights of viewers, ranging from finan- Special Act on the Assistance to the cial support to expand the geographic coverage Development of Regional Broad- of broadcasting for handicapped people, to casting the introduction of standard volume for digital broadcasting programs and the establishment of The Special Act on the Assistance to the Devel- a viewer media center. opment of Regional Broadcasting was passed on June 3, 2014, and went into effect on Dec. 4, Framework Act on Broadcasting 2014. The law was passed against the backdrop Communications Development of mounting challenges facing South Korea’s regional broadcasters. Roads, subways and railroads are public trans- As of now, regional broadcasters confront a portation systems universally used by citizens. host of roadblocks, including intensifying com- In addition, they provide additional facilities petition among diverse media as a result of the such as tunnels and underground spaces that can recent media convergence as well as an increase be used as evacuation points when a natural di- in paid services in the broadcasting market. saster or emergency occur. More seriously, the government’s media policy However, the majority of roads, subways shifts -- the introduction of the multiple Media and railroads are not equipped with relay equip- Rep system and the establishment of compre- ment in underground spaces to receive radio hensive programming channels -- put at risk the broadcasts or mobile multimedia broadcasts. very existence of regional broadcasters, which Even in locations where relay equipment is in- had already been facing unfavorable market stalled, there is a conflict among operators over conditions. management and maintenance issues. In case of Regional broadcasting can be regarded as a emergencies, unless a breakthrough is found, the “common good” in that it provides a universal locations’ role as evacuation points is seriously broadcasting service to citizens living in rural limited. areas, thereby contributing to the protection of Therefore, Article 40, Paragraph 2 had been the viewer’s right to know. Therefore, regional newly introduced to ensure sound reception of broadcasters cannot be left to the market econo- disaster announcements and civil defense alerts my’s principle of free competition. in locations where broadcasting reception is Accordingly, there have been growing calls not available (roads, subways and railroad tun- for policy measures to support regional broad- nels or underground spaces) by installing relay casters, which are standing on the brink of a equipment to enable radio and mobile multime- make-or-break crisis. With the social consensus dia broadcast reception. This will enable South shifting to support such efforts, a special law Korea to efficiently respond to disasters and was passed to support regional broadcasters so crises and ensure public safety. that they can continue to protect the people’s right to know in isolated areas and provide an official channel of communication in rural com- munities.

21 Chapter 2 Media Market

• Notice public opinion on things limited to special areas, other than politics, industry, science, religion, education or sports. Newspaper companies are The Definition of the Newspaper those that publish newspapers. Industry The Newspaper Law defines internet news- papers as electronic periodicals published to The Newspaper Law defines newspaper as peri- spread reports, commentaries, public opinions odicals that are published in the same name, two and information on politics, economy, society, or more times a month, to spread reports, com- culture and other topics by using devices such as mentaries, public opinion and information on computers and communication networks capable general areas such as politics, economy, society, of processing information. To fit this definition, culture, industry, science, religion, education, they have to meet the standards, as designated and sports or a specific area. These newspapers by a presidential order, of independent article are categorized into general daily newspapers, production and continuous publication. Internet special daily newspapers, general weekly news- newspaper companies are defined as those that papers, and special weekly newspapers. publish internet newspapers electronically. General daily newspapers are defined as pe- riodicals published every day to spread reports, Typology of newspapers commentaries, and public opinion on politics, economy, society, culture and other topics. Spe- Except for the internet news service, newspapers cial daily newspapers are defined as periodicals designated by the Newspaper Law are largely published daily to spread reports, commentaries categorized as print or paper newspapers and and public opinion on topics limited to a spe- internet newspapers. This survey categorizes the cial area other than politics, such as industry, newspaper industry in two large areas. science, religion, education or sports. General First, newspapers can be classified into weekly newspapers are defined as periodicals two categories, daily newspapers and weekly published once a week, twice a week or more newspapers. Considering the current newspaper than twice a month to spread reports, commen- environment, daily newspapers might be cat- taries and public opinion on politics, economy, egorized as national general daily newspapers, society, culture and so on. Special weekly local general daily newspapers, economic daily newspapers are defined as periodicals published newspapers, sports daily newspapers, foreign once a week, twice a week or more than twice language daily newspapers, other special daily a month to spread reports, commentaries, and newspapers and free daily newspapers. Weekly

22 Chapter 2. Media Market newspapers can be categorized as national gen- Within the domestic newspaper industry, the eral weekly newspapers, local general weekly number of media entities totaled 3,609. These newspapers and special weekly newspapers. included 1,541 print or paper newspapers and Second, internet newspapers can be catego- 2,068 internet newspapers. The number of me- rized as internet general newspapers, internet lo- dia responding included 1,217 print newspapers, cal newspapers and internet special newspapers, a 79.0% response rate, and 1,416 internet news- according to the characteristics of the news that papers, a response rate of 68.5%. they produce. The number of business entities that respond- Third, national general daily newspapers ed to the survey included 1,031 paper newspa- are print newspapers published and distributed pers, a 78.5% response rate, and 1,188 internet nationwide every day to spread reports, com- newspaper entities, a 66.9% response rate. In all, mentaries and public opinions on nationwide the response ratio based on the number of media politics, economy, society, culture and so forth. was 73.0% and the rate based on the number of This survey places them in two categories, I business entities was 71.8%. and II, based on whether they provide stable management information as newspapers posting The Definition of ‘broadcast’ in the public financial information electronically with Chapter 2 and 3 the Korean Financial Supervisory Commission.1 In these chapters, broadcast refers to broadcasts 2014 Annual Reports on Newspaper providing news reports. Accordingly, data relat- Industry ed to comprehensive programming channels and news channels under the Broadcast Act were All daily newspapers, weekly newspapers, and collected as primary sources, and other channels internet newspapers, among the periodicals (EBS and select religious stations) were added registered in the Ministry of Culture, Sports and as secondary sources. Terrestrial DMB channels Tourism and local autonomous governments were included in the data since last year. As a as of December 31, 2013, were selected after result, this book classifies “broadcast” into the eliminating duplication, suspension, and closure following subcategories: public broadcast, pri- through phone surveys. Since a newspaper com- vate broadcast, religious/specialized broadcast, pany can run several kinds of media, all media comprehensive programming channels and pro- entities were separately categorized. fessional news channels, and terrestrial DMB.

1 National general daily newspaper categorization criteria: Newspapers that meet all conditions are considered as national general daily newspapers in the first category. Newspapers that meet some but not all of the conditions fall into the second category of na- tional dailies. These conditions include newspapers with nationwide distribution registered as general daily newspapers as defined by the Ministry of Culture, Sports, and Tourism. Conditions also require stable and continuous publication for ten or more years. They also must fit the criteria of size as announced by the Financial Supervisory Commission.

23 Types of Media

Large categorization Medium categorization Small categorization

National General Daily NewspaperⅠ 111. National General Daily Newspaper National General Daily NewspaperⅡ

112. Local General Daily Newspaper

113. Economic Daily Newspaper 11. Daily Newspaper 114. Sports Daily Newspaper

1. Newspaper 115. Foreign Language Daily Newspaper

116. Other Special Daily Newspaper

117. Free Daily Newspaper

121. National General Weekly Newspaper

12. Weekly Newspaper 122. Local General Weekly Newspaper

123. Special Weekly Newspaper

211. Public Broadcasting

212. Private Broadcasting

2. Broadcasting 21. Broadcasting 213. Special Broadcasting

214. Cable Channel (Comprehensive / News)

215. Terrestrial DMB

311. General Internet Newspaper

3. Internet Newspaper 31. Internet Newspaper 321. Local Internet Newspaper

331. Special Internet Newspaper

4. News Agency 41. News Agency 411. News Agency

24 Chapter 2. Media Market 2013 Media Market Revenue

Average Average On-year Number of Disclosed Reporters Revenue Revenue Number Revenue Number of Number of Revenue Disclosing Revenue Rate by per Per- per Com- Media Category of Compa- (1 million Workers Reporters Growth Compa- (1 million Workers son pany nies won) (Person) (Person) Rate (%) nies won) (%) (1 million (1 million won) won)

National Daily l 11 1,451,840 -4.2 11 1.451,840 4,478 2,431 54.3 324 131,985

National Daily ll 16 26,173 201.4 - - 754 548 72.7 35 1,636

Local Daily 109 400,494 -8.3 9 217,792 6,058 4,418 72.9 66 3,674

Financial Daily 10 639,375 3.1 8 623,923 2,938 1,683 57.3 218 63,937 Daily News- Sports Daily 6 93,082 -19.6 3 75,340 323 207 64.1 288 15,514 paper* Foreign Language 2 15,413 -19.2 - - 115 84 73.0 134 7,707 Daily

Special Daily 19 106,941 18.1 2 45,359 789 420 53.2 136 5,628

Free Daily 4 34,580 -56.2 2 25,091 128 74 57.8 270 8,645

Subtotal 177 2,767,897 -4.1 35 2,439,345 15,583 9,865 63.3 178 15,638

National Weekly 25 39,043 38.3 - - 453 301 66.4 86 1,562 Weekly Local Weekly 470 73,478 9.1 - - 2,301 1,774 77.1 32 156 Daily Special Weekly 641 266,792 -5.2 - - 4,017 3,115 77.5 66 416

Subtotal 1,136 379,313 0.6 - - 6,771 5,190 76.7 56 334

Print Newspaper Total 1.313 3,147,210 -3.5 35 2,439,345 22,354 15,055 67.3 141 2,397

Public Broadcast- 21 2,967,767 -0.4 21 2,967,767 9,378 1,442 15.4 316 141,322 ing

Private Broadcast- 13 996,404 -5.7 13 996,404 2,762 548 19.8 361 76,646 ing

Broad- Special Broadcast- 10 437,514 2.9 10 437,514 1,979 243 12.3 221 43,751 casting ing

Cable Channel (Comprehensive/ 6 467,005 22.9 6 467,005 2,524 863 34.2 185 77,834 News)

Terrestrial DMB 3 14,616 -20.3 3 14,616 112 - 0.0 131 4,872

Broadcasting Total 53 4,883,305 0.5 53 4,883,305 16,755 3,096 18.5 291 92,138

General Internet 529 194,372 2.7 5 128,477 4,080 2,954 72.4 48 367 Newspaper Internet Local Internet News- 476 23,018 -21.5 - - 1,844 1,664 90.2 12 48 Newspaper paper Special Internet 771 178,475 -30.8 - - 5,217 3,383 64.8 34 231 Newspaper

Internet Newspaper Total 1,776 395,865 -16.9 5 128,477 11,141 8,001 71.8 36 223

News Agency 14 192,690 -0.3 1 154,226 1,633 1,246 76.3 118 13,764

Total 3,156 8,619,070 -2.0 94 7,605,353 51,883 27,398 52.8 166 2,731

* The national daily II category has few media outlets in the first place. In particular, one of the outlets with relatively high revenue was included in the category, which greatly affected the scale of the changes in total revenue. In addition, ‘E daily’ was moved from the Internet newspaper category to the financial daily category as it launched a print version last year.

25 Total Media Revenue, Top 3 Newspapers & Top 3 Terrestrial Broadcasting Companies (1 Million Won)

8,619,070

3,022,016 926,578

Media Industry 3 Newspapers 3 Broadcasting Companies

* 3 Newspapers: Chosun Ilbo, JoongAng Ilbo, Dong-A Ilbo * 3 Broadcasting Companies: KBS(Including local offices), MBC(Excluding local stations), SBS

Newspaper Revenue (1 Million Won)

2011 2012 2013

1,618,675 National 1,523,476 Daily 1,478,013

467,197 Local 436,731 Daily 400.494

611,351 Financial 620,258 Daily 639,375

116,534 68,229 Sports Local Daily 115,838 Weekly 67,359 93,082 73,478

32,734 274,989 Foreign Language Special 19,074 281,565 Daily Weekly 15,413 266,792

Special 64,340 General Internet 164,160 Daily 90,566 Newspaper 189,278 106,941 194,372

Free 96,453 Local Internet 25,583 Daily 79,013 Newspaper 29,320 34,580 23,018

National 82,662 Special Internet 375,804 Weekly 28,224 Newspaper 258,040 39,043 178,475

26 Chapter 2. Media Market Newspaper Revenue On-year Growth Rate & Average Annual Growth Rate (%)

On-year Growth Rate 38.3 Average Annual Growth Rate 29.4

18.1 9.1 3.1 2.3 3.9

-1.4 -3.0 -4.4 -7.4 -5.2 -8.3 -10.1 -13.8 -19.6 -19.2

-30.4 -37.2

-56.2

National Local Financial Sports Foreign Special Free National Local Special Daily Daily Daily Daily Language Daily Daily Weekly Weekly Weekly Daily

Broadcasting Revenue (1 Million Won)

2012 2013 4,859,120 4,883,305

2,979,320 2,967,767

1,056,490 996,404

425,093 437,514 379,871 467,005 18,346 14,616

Public Private Special Cable Channel Terrestrial Total Broadcasting Broadcasting Broadcasting (Comprehensive/News) DMB

27 Broadcasting Revenue On-year Growth Rate (%)

Total = 0.5 22.9

2.9 0.4

-5.7

-20.3

Public Private Special Cable Channel Terrestrial Broadcasting Broadcasting Broadcasting (Comprehensive/News) DMB

Newspaper Sector-based Revenue (1 Million Won)

Value-Added & Advertising Rev- Printed Newspa- Paid Internet Con- Category Other Business Total Percentage(%) enue pers Sales tents Sales Earnings Daily 1,656,910 614,329 449,098 47,561 2,767,897 78.1 Print Weekly 179,324 50,939 135,351 13,699 379,313 10.7 Newspapers Total 1,836,234 665,268 584,449 61,260 3,147,210 88.8 Internet Newspapers 146,308 197,903 - 51,654 395,865 11.2 Total 1,982,542 863,171 584,449 112,914 3,543,075 100.0

Broadcasting Sector Revenue (1 Million Won)

Broadcasting Business Earnings Total Broad- Other Broad- Other Busi- Category Total casting Busi- TV Reception Advertising Sponsorship Program cast Business ness Earnings ness Earnings Fee Revenue Earnings Sales Earnings Public Broadcasting 2,967,767 2,778,286 612,744 1,338,958 180,449 420,797 225,337 189,481 Private Broadcasting 996,404 949,761 - 660,609 109,317 116,511 63,323 46,643 Special Broadcasting 437,514 152,277 - 64,207 40,817 1,149 46,104 285,237 Cable Channels (Comprehensive/ 467,005 443,051 - 309,145 58,597 16,596 58,713 23,954 News) Terrestrial DMB 14,616 9,484 - 5,757 691 1,508 1,528 5,132 Total 4,883,305 4,332,859 612,744 2,378,676 389,871 556,561 395,005 550,446

28 Chapter 2. Media Market Media Revenue by Region (1 Million Won)

Number Foreign National National Local Financial Sports Special National Local Special Category of Com- Language Free Daily Daily I Daily II Daily Daily Daily Daily Weekly Weekly Weekly panies Daily Seoul 1,515 1,451,840 22,739 5,293 638,701 93,082 15,413 106,724 34,396 36,965 12,520 239,849 Busan 66 63,717 674 521 3,112 Daegu 58 30,761 433 681 Incheon 85 12,336 50 983 2,560 Gwangju 86 1,145 35,374 185 100 1,025 860 Daejeon 89 1,145 31,726 381 1,086 Ulsan 39 14,002 1,398 469 6 Metropolitan 423 2,289 187,915 674 50 185 100 4,740 8,769 cities Gyeonggi 482 1,145 61,845 1,670 18,492 14,817 Gangwon 60 41,588 2,243 379 North Chun- 72 15,761 287 3,523 170 gcheong South Chun- 105 3,406 9,783 132 gcheong North Jeolla 59 17,985 3,398 957 South Jeolla 111 197 6,880 182 North 159 13,386 4,884 353 Gyeongsang South 132 26,637 21 6,633 845 Gyeongsang Jeju 38 26,481 166 382 339 9 Provinces 1,218 1,145 207,286 166 1,978 56,218 18,174 Total 3,156 1,451,840 26,173 400,494 639,375 93,082 15,413 106,941 34,580 39,043 73,478 266,792

Cable General Local Special Public Private Special Channel Terrestrial Internet Internet Internet News Percent- Category Broad- Broad- Broad- (Compre- Total DMB Newspa- Newspa- Newspa- Agency age (%) casting casting casting hensive/ per per per News) Seoul 2,585,819 707,622 433,347 467,005 14,616 184,338 1,954 139,112 187,453 7,378,788 85.6 Busan 38,958 57,287 2,018 1,155 2,518 592 170,551 2.0 Daegu 33,958 33,499 364 529 1,303 101,528 1.2 Incheon 6,768 405 586 14,392 38,080 0.4 Gwangju 23,151 31,195 2,149 880 394 828 97,285 1.1 Daejeon 24,891 26,485 443 946 2,757 59 89,918 1.0 Ulsan 24,543 21,931 946 601 77 63,966 0.7 6 Metropolitan 145,501 177,165 4,167 4,193 5,573 19,948 59 561,328 6.5 cities Gyeonggi 43,385 3,639 3,676 12,307 5,177 166,154 1.9 Gangwon 54,361 20,305 176 978 1,191 121,221 1.4 North Chun- 28,446 15,064 102 564 1,841 65,758 0.8 gcheong South Chun- 832 1,131 2,171 17,456 0.2 gcheong North Jeolla 21,767 19,116 45 388 289 63,944 0.7 South Jeolla 32,349 343 858 274 41,084 0.5 North 30,211 307 2,753 388 52,281 0.6 Gyeongsang South 53,052 192 3,394 817 91,591 1.1 Gyeongsang Jeju 16,261 13,746 205 1,748 137 59,465 0.7 9 Provinces 236,447 111,616 5,841 15,490 19,415 5,177 678,955 7.9 Total 2,967,767 996,403 437,514 467,005 14,616 194,372 23,018 178,475 192,690 8,619,070 100.0

29 Chapter 3 Media Workers

Number of Media Workers (2013)

Rate of Report- Workers Reporters Number of Workers Reporters Category ers by Workers within Media within Media Companies (Person) (Person) (%) (%) (%) National Daily l 11 4,478 2,431 54.3 8.6 8.9 National Daily ll 16 754 548 72.7 1.5 2.0 Local Daily 109 6,058 4,418 72.9 11.7 16.1

Daily Financial Daily 10 2,938 1,683 57.3 5.7 6.1 Newspaper Sports Daily 6 323 207 64.1 0.6 0.8 Foreign Language Daily 2 115 84 73.0 0.2 0.3 Special Daily 19 789 420 53.2 1.5 1.5 Free Daily 4 128 74 57.8 0.2 0.3 Subtotal 177 15,583 9,865 63.3 30.0 36.0 National Weekly 25 453 301 66.4 0.9 1.1 Weekly Local Weekly 470 2,301 1,774 77.1 4.4 6.5 Newspaper Special Weekly 641 4,017 3,115 77.5 7.7 11.4 Subtotal 1,136 6,771 5,190 76.7 13.1 18.9 Print Newspaper Total 1.313 22,354 15,055 67.3 43.1 54.9 Public Broadcasting 21 9,378 1,442 15.4 18.1 5.3 Private Broadcasting 13 2,762 548 19.8 5.3 2.0 Special Broadcasting 10 1,979 243 12.3 3.8 0.9 Broadcasting Cable Channel 6 2,524 863 34.2 4.9 3.1 (Comprehensive/News) Terrestrial DMB 3 112 0 0.0 0.2 0.0 Broadcasting Total 53 16,755 3,096 18.5 32.3 11.3 General Internet Newspaper 529 4,080 2,954 72.4 7.9 10.8 Internet Local Internet Newspaper 476 1,844 1,664 90.2 3.6 6.1 Newspaper Special Internet Newspaper 771 5,217 3,383 64.8 10.1 12.3 Internet Newspaper Total 1,776 11,141 8,001 71.8 21.5 29.2 News Agency 14 1,633 1,246 76.3 3.1 4.5 Total 3,156 51,883 27,398 52.8 100.0 100.0

30 Chapter 3. Media Workers Media Worker Numbers in the Past 2 Years (person)

On-year Average Number of Workers Category 2012 2013 Growth Rate Per Media Outlet (%) 2012 2013 National Daily l 4,640 4,478 -3.5 422 407 National Daily ll 1,080 754 -30.2 83 47 Local Daily 6,353 6,058 -4.6 62 56 Financial Daily 2,752 2,938 6.8 306 294 Daily Sports Daily 424 323 -23.8 85 54 Newspaper Foreign Language Daily 114 115 0.9 57 58

Print Special Daily 946 789 -16.6 47 42 Newspaper Free Daily 280 128 -54.3 47 32 Subtotal 16,588 15,583 -6.1 99 88 National Weekly 503 453 -9.9 23 18

Weekly Local Weekly 2,521 2,301 -8.7 5 5 Newspaper Special Weekly 6,379 4,017 -37.0 10 6 Subtotal 9,402 6,771 -28.0 8 6 Print Newspaper Total 25,991 22,354 -14.0 20 17 Public Broadcasting 9,188 9,378 2.1 418 426 Private Broadcasting 2,695 2,762 2.5 207 212 Special Broadcasting 2,046 1,979 -3.3 227 220 Broadcasting Cable Channel 2,502 2,524 0.9 417 421 (Comprehensive/News) Terrestrial DMB 105 112 6.7 35 37 Broadcasting Total 16,536 16,755 1.3 312 316 General Internet Newspaper 3,291 4,080 24.0 8 8 Local Internet Newspaper 2,073 1,844 -11.0 4 4 Internet Newspaper Special Internet Newspaper 6,100 5,217 -14.5 8 7 Internet Newspaper Total 11,464 11,141 -2.8 7 6 News Agency* - 1,633 - - 117 Total 53,991 51,883 -3.9 18 16 * The estimated number of journalists working for news agencies in 2012 is not available. The figure for 2013 is 1,633. If the 2013 news agency figure is excluded, the total number of media workers is estimated at 50,250, down 6.9 percent from 2012.

31 Print Newspaper Worker Numbers in the Past 3 Years (person)

5,692 National Daily 5,720 5,232 6,326 Local Daily 6,353 6,058 2,847 Financial Daily 2,752 2,938 494 Sports Daily 424 323 316 Foreign Language Daily 114 2011 115 788 2012 Special Daily 946 2013 789 248 Free Daily 280 128 475 National Weekly 503 453 2,796 Local Weekly 2,521 2,301 6,754 Special Weekly 6,379 4,017

Broadcasting Worker Numbers in the Past 3 Years (person)

9,285 9,188 9,378 2011 2012 2013

2,695 2,762 2,493 2,502 2,524 2,046 1,979 2,250 1,600

118 105 112

Public Private Special Cable Channel Terrestrial Broadcasting Broadcasting Broadcasting (Comprehensive/News) DMB

32 Chapter 3. Media Workers Internet Newspaper Worker Numbers In the Past 3 Years (person)

2,432 2011 General Internet 3,291 Newspaper 2012 4,080 2013

2,306 Local Internet 2,073 Newspaper 1,844

4,873 Special Internet 6,100 Newspaper 5,217

Media Workers by Employment Type (%) Media Workers by Gender (%)

Full-Time Part-Time Male Female

75.1 72.3 71.4

80.6 84.6 84.8

28.6 24.9 27.7

19.4 15.4 15.2

2011 2012 2013 2011 2012 2013

33 Media Workers by Gender & Employment Type (person) Media Workers by Region (person)

Part-Time Male 1 4,739 (9.1%) Part-Time Female 2 3,157 3 (6.1%) 5 6 4

9 Provinces 10,116 (19.5%)

6 Metropolitan Full-Time Female Full-Time Male Seoul 6,437 Cities 35,330 11,671 32,316 (12.4%) (68.1%) (22.5%) (62.3%)

Newspaper Workers by Newspaper Workers by Age (person) Educational Background (person)

7,319 (21.9%) 25,621 (76.5%)

5,643 5,609 (16.8%) (16.7%) 5,064 5,016 4,844 (15.1%) (15.0%) (14.5%)

3,387 2,087 (10.1%) 2,400 (6.2%) (7.2%)

Under 30~34 35~39 40~44 45~49 50 or High School College University Graduate 29 Older Graduate Graduate Graduate School or Under or Higher

34 Chapter 3. Media Workers Print Newspaper Workers by Sector (person)

Executive 1,518 (6.8%) 12,517 (56.0%)

Planning 484 (2.2%)

Editorial 424(1.9%)

Newsroom

AD/Marketing 2,028 (9.1%) Management Supporting /Finance 2,052 (9.2%)

Production 887 (4.0%)

Publishing 237(1.1%)

Customer Support 244 (1.1%)

Research Center 28 (0.1%)

Other 1,935 (8.7%)

Internet Newspaper Workers by Sector (person)

Executive 1,600 (14.4%)

Planning 578 (5.2%)

Editorial 130 (1.2%)

Newsroom 4,140 (37.2%)

AD/Marketing 847 (7.6%) Management Supporting 796 (7.1%) /Finance

Production 548 (4.9%)

Publishing 135 (1.2%)

Customer Support 82 (0.7%)

Research Center 88 (0.8%)

Other 2,197 (19.7%)

35 Number of Reporters (person)

On-year Percentage of Average Number of Percentage Category 2012 2013 Growth Rate Reporters (%) Reporters per company (%) (%) 2012 2013 2012 2013 National Daily l 2,519 2,431 8.9 -3.5 54.3 54.3 229 221 National Daily ll 676 548 2.0 -18.9 62.5 72.7 52 34 Local Daily 3,998 4,418 16.1 10.5 62.9 72.9 39 41 Financial Daily 1,471 1,683 6.1 14.4 53.4 57.3 163 168 Sports Daily 209 207 0.8 -1.0 49.3 64.1 42 35 Foreign Language Daily 82 84 0.3 2.4 71.9 73.0 41 42 Special Daily 475 420 1.5 -11.6 50.2 53.2 24 22 Free Daily 121 74 0.3 -38.8 43.2 57.8 20 19 Subtotal 9,550 9,865 36.0 3.3 57.6 63.3 57 56 National Weekly 253 301 1.1 19.0 50.4 66.4 12 12 Local Weekly 1,806 1,774 6.5 -1.8 71.6 77.1 4 4 Special Weekly 3,431 3,115 11.4 -9.2 53.8 77.5 5 5 Subtotal 5,491 5,190 18.9 -5.5 58.4 76.7 5 5 Print Newspaper Total 15,041 15,055 54.9 0.1 57.9 67.3 11 11 Public Broadcasting 1,460 1,442 5.3 -1.2 15.9 15.4 66 66 Private Broadcasting 554 548 2.0 -1.1 20.6 19.8 43 42 Special Broadcasting 242 243 0.9 0.4 11.8 12.3 27 27 Cable Channel 840 863 3.1 2.7 33.6 34.2 140 144 (Comprehensive/News) Terrestrial DMB - - 0.0 - - 0.0 - - Broadcasting Total 3,096 3,096 11.3 0.0 18.7 18.5 58 58 General Internet Newspaper 1,842 2,954 10.8 60.4 56 72.4 4 6 Local Internet Newspaper 1,711 1,664 6.1 -2.7 82.6 90.2 4 3 Special Internet Newspaper 3,864 3,383 12.3 -12.4 63.3 64.8 5 4 Internet Newspaper Total 7,417 8,001 29.2 7.9 64.7 71.8 4 5 News Agency - 1,246 4.5 - - 76.3 - 89 Total 25,554 27,398 100.0 7.2 47.3 52.8 8 9

36 Chapter 3. Media Workers Reporters by Gender & Reporters by Gender & Employment Type (1) (person) Employment Type (2) (person)

22,678 (82.8%) 20,067 (73.2%) 16,670 (60.8%)

7,331 6,008 (26.8%) 4,720 (21.9%) 3,397 (17.2%) 1,323 (12.4%) (4.8%)

Full-Time Part-Time Female Male Full-Time Full-Time Part-Time Part-Time Female Male Female Male

Newspaper Reporters Rate by Workers Newspaper Reporters by Age (person)

68.8% 5,395 (23.4%) 60.0% 59.1%

3,887 3,649 (16.7%) 3,536 3,587 (15.8%) (15.3%) (15.6%) 3,002 (13.0%)

Under 30~34 35~39 40~44 45~49 50 or 29 Older 2011 2012 2013

37 Newspaper Reporters by Educational Background (person)

High School Graduate or Under Graduate School or Higher

College Graduate 1,176 1,625 (5.1%) (7.0%) 2,038 (8.8%)

University Graduate

18,217 (79.0%)

Print Newspaper Reporters by Sector (person)

10,338 (68.7%)

2,906 (19.3%)

1,023 484 (6.8%) 247 (3.2%) 57 (1.6%) (0.4%)

News Reporter Editor Photo Subeditor Investigative Other /Video Reporter Reporter

38 Chapter 3. Media Workers Internet Newspaper Reporters by Sector (person)

5,289 (66.1%)

1,355 (16.9%) 845 358 67 87 (10.6%) (4.5%) (0.8%) (1.1%)

News Reporter Editor Photo Subeditor Investigative Other /Video Reporter Reporter

39 Chapter 4 Print Newspaper Market

Periodical Registration Numbers, 2011~2013

Category 2011 2012 2013 Daily 352 324 363 News Agency 12 14 15 Other 336 369 353 Weekly 2,891 3,014 3,138 Monthly 4,209 4,512 4,696 Bimonthly 584 611 646 Quarterly 1,266 1,354 1,408 Annual/Biannual 425 451 506 Internet Newspaper 3,193 3,914 4,916 Total 13,268 14,563 16,041 Source: Periodicals List Analysis by the MCT

Corporate Structure (n=1,031)

573 (55.6%)

202 (19.6%) 152 (14.7%)

40 27 23 12 (3.9%) (2.6%) 2 (2.2%) (1.2%) (0.2%)

Corporation Private Corporate Voluntary Limited/ Incorporated Government/ No Business Body Association Partnership/ Foundation Local Answer Unlimited Government Partnership

40 Chapter 4. Print Newspaper Market Morning and Evening Edition, Daily Newspapers (n=205)

43 No Answer (21.0%)

9 153 Morning Paper (4.4%) (74.6%) Evening Paper

Publication Cycle, Weekly Newspapers (n=676)

390 (57.7%)

203 (30.0%)

46 26 11 (6.8%) (3.8%) (1.6%)

Twice a week Once a week Every 10 days Biweekly Other

Print Newspapers with/ Print Newspapers with/ without Codes of Ethics (n=1,217) without Editorial Rules (n=1,217)

No Answer 486 No Answer With With (39.9%) 490 603 (40.3%) 577 (49.5%) (47.7%)

Without Without 128 150 (10.5%) (12.3%)

41 Print Newspapers with/without Ombudsman System (n=1,217)

With 223 (18.3%) No Answer 492 (40.4%) Without 502 (41.2%)

Flow Chart of Newspaper Distribution

Mail Delivery Mailman Newspaper

Korean Newspaper Newspaper Circulation Service Delivery Man

Newspaper’s Direct Newspaper Branch Delivery Man Reader

Publication/ Newsstand Wholesale Outlet Retail Outlet Salespeople

Free Newspaper Direct Distribution of Free Copies Distributor

Top 3 Newspapers Advertising Revenue Status by Industry, 2009~2013 (1 million won)

Industry 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Real Estate 58,769 46,641 48,671 38,683 32,504 Finance 35,849 37,488 30,956 23,140 21,950 Motor Vehicle 32,986 39,460 41,569 37,168 34,610 Tourism 15,601 17,417 15,657 13,597 10,575 Department Store 17,471 26,982 26,226 23,711 23,531 University & College 22,655 22,655 22,836 22,662 20,335 Hospital, Pharmaceutical & Health care 20,762 21,147 24,578 19,855 16,395 Fashion 22,035 32,685 37,552 32,594 29,656 Source: Cheil Worldwide Inc.

42 Chapter 4. Print Newspaper Market Daily Circulation Figures (2013) (Sorted by Paid Copies)

Newspaper Net Press Run Paid Copies Chosun Ilbo 1,757,006 1,294,239 JoongAng Ilbo 1,263,681 811,083 Dong-A Ilbo 907,090 707,346 Maeil Business Newspaper 770,504 553,007 The Korea Economic Daily 507,986 340,389 Nongmin Newspaper 299,192 292,781 Sports Chosun 264,633 205,916 Hankyoreh 257,303 200,831 Kyunghyang Daily News 217,796 169,156 IS Ilgan Sports 241,510 162,759 Hankook Ilbo 230,769 158,848 Munhwa Ilbo 171,324 146,898 Kookmim Ilbo 204,241 140,140 Sports Donga 181,426 139,317 Sports Seoul 186,927 137,902 Busan Ilbo 151,187 113,985 Seoul Shinmun 161,915 107,937 Maeil Shinmun 146,655 97,467 Kookje Daily News 100,867 66,895 Segye Times 86,145 63,265 Money Today 84,329 59,274 Seoul Economic Daily 79,397 56,372 Electronic Times 62,881 50,663 Sports Kyunghyang 71,415 50,383 Naeil Shinmun 65,391 48,698 Yeongnam Ilbo 71,080 44,583 Herald Business 56,395 40,324 Kang Won Ilbo 65,000 40,121 Kyeongin Ilbo 52,100 40,007 Kangwon Domin Ilbo 41,803 33,243 Kyongnam Shinmun 43,472 33,119 Kwangju Ilbo 44,655 30,440 DaejeonIlbo 37,220 27,293 Asia Economic Daily 34,803 26,865 Kyeonggi Ilbo 31,514 22,718 The Korea Herald 31,715 21,416 Source: Korea Audit Bureau of Circulation

Advertising Revenue of Print Media (1 million won)

Advertising Revenue Growth Rate (%) Percentage (%) Category Media 2011 2012 2013 2012 2013 2012 2013 Newspaper 17,092 16,543 15,447 -3.2 -6.6 17.6 16.1 Print Media Magazine 5,236 5,076 4,650 -3.0 -8.4 5.4 4.8 Total 22,328 21,620 20,097 -3.2 -7.0 23.0 21.0 Source: Cheil Worldwide Inc.

43 Chapter 5 Broadcasting Market

Number of Firms by Broadcast Media

Satellite Broadcaster, 1 IPTV, 3

Terrestrial TV, 32

Relay Cable, 69

Terrestrial Radio, 21 Cable System Operator, 92 Terrestrial DMB, 19

Program Provider, 188

The Korea Communications Commission provided all data in this chapter. More detailed data is available in its annual report, Broadcast Industry Status Research Report(2014)

44 Chapter 5. Broadcasting Market Number of Terrestrial Broadcast Station as of March, 2014

Radio Category Digital TV Total AM FM Short wave Subtotal KBS(Headquarter + 18 Local Offices) 32 25 49 2 76 108 EBS 1 1 1 2 MBC 1 1 2 3 4 MBC(18 Local Stations) (Busan, Ulsan, Gyeongnam, Daegu, Andong, Pohang, Gwangju, 19 19 38 57 76 Mokpo, Yeosu, Daejeon, Cheongju, Chungju, Jeonju, Jeju, Chuncheon, Gangneung, Wonju, Samcheok) SBS 1 1 2 3 4 KNN 1 1 1 2 TBC 1 1 1 2 KBC 1 1 1 2 TJB 1 1 1 2 Local Private Broadcasting(11) JTV 1 1 1 2 CJB 1 1 1 2 JIBS 1 1 1 2 UBC 1 1 1 2 G1(former GTB) 1 1 1 2 OBS 1 1

Local Radio Kyung-In Broadcasting 1 1 1 Station(2) Gyeonggi Broadcasting 1 1 1 CBS 5 16 21 21 BBS 7 7 7 Religious PBC 5 5 5 Broadcasting(5) WBS 5 5 5 FEBC 2 10 12 12 TBN 10 10 10 Traffic Station(2) tbs 1 1 1 Seoul tbs-eFM(English) 1 1 1 News(1) YTN Radio 1 1 1 Traditional Music(1) Gugak Broadcasting Foundaion 2 2 2 The Korea International Broadcasting Foundation 1 1 1 English Gwangju English Broadcasting Foundation 1 1 1 Broadcasting(3) Busan English Broadcasting Foundation 1 1 1 Gwanak FM 1 1 1 Mapo FM 1 1 1 Seongnam FM 1 1 1 Community Sungseo FM 1 1 1 Radio(7) Yeongju FM 1 1 1 Bukgu FM 1 1 1 Kumkang FM 1 1 1 Total(53) 64 53 171 2 226 290

45 Channel Status of Terrestrial Broadcast Stations as of March, 2014

Channels Affiliated Category Broadcaster PP(Program Pro- TV Radio DMB vider) Channel U KBS KBS N Sports 1AM, 2AM, 3AM U KBS Star KBS 1TV KBS Drama 1FM, 2FM U KBS Heart KBS KBS 2TV KBS Prime Han Nation U KBS Music KBS WORLD TV KBS joy KBS World Radio U KBS Clover KBS Kids Non-metro Single MBC My MBC MBC Drama Public (18 Local Stations: Busan, Ulsan, Gyeongnam, DMB TV MBC every1 AM Broadcasting Daegu, Andong, Pohang, Gwangju, Mokpo, DMB Radio MBC LIFE MBC TV Standard FM Yeosu, Daejeon, Cheongju, Chungju, Jeonju, DMB Data MBC MUSIC FM4U Jeju, Chuncheon, Gangneung, Wonju, Sam- Terrestrial DMB MBC NET cheok) operating by local MBC SPORTS+ EBS plus1 EBS plus2 EBS EBS TV EBS FM EBS English EBS u SBS Plus SBS E! SBS u AM SBS Golf DMB TV SBS SBS TV Love FM SBS ESPN DMB Radio Power FM SBS CNBC DMB Data SBS MTV Nickelodeon KNN KNN TV PSB FM KNN u TBC TBC TV TBC FM TBC u Private KBC KBC TV KBC FM KBC u Broadcasting TJB TJB TV TJB FM TJB u UBC UBC TV UBC FM JTV JTV TV JTV FM CJB CJB TV CJB FM G1(former GTB) G1 TV G1 FM G1 u JIBS JIBS TV JIBS FM JIBS u OBS OBS Kyeong-in TV Media OBS Local Radio Kyung-In Broadcasting iTVFM Station Gyeonggi Broadcasting KFM CBS (14 local Stations: Seoul, Daegu, Busan, CBS AM Gwangju Jeonbuk, Cheongju, Chuncheon, CBS Standard FM CBS TV Daejeon, Ulsan, Pohang, Gyeongnam, Jeju, CBS Music FM Yeongdong, Jeonnam) BBS (7 local Stations: Seoul, Busan, Gwangju, BBS FM BBS Daegu, Cheongju, Chuncheon, Ulsan) Religious PBS PBD/ SKY Pyeong- Broadcasting (5 local Stations: Seoul, Daejeon, PBC FM hwa Daegu, Busan, Gwangju) FEBC (11 local Stations: Seoul, Daejeon, Yeongdong, FEBC AM Jeju, Mokpo, Changwon, Pohang, FEBC FM Ulsan, Busan, Daegu, Gwangju) WBS (5 local Stations: Seoul, Busan, WBS FM Daegu, Gwangju, Jeonbuk) Road Traffic Authority TBN DMB (10 regions: Seoul metropolitan area, Busan, Traffic Station TBN FM (YTN DMB Radio TBN Gwangju, Daegu, Daejeon, Incheon, Wonju, rental) Jeonju, Ulsan, Changwon)

46 Chapter 5. Broadcasting Market Channels Affiliated Category Broadcaster PP(Program Pro- TV Radio DMB vider) Channel tbs FM Love tbs tbs eFM Traffic Station TBS (Hankook DMB TV TBS TV (English rental) Broadcasting) The Korea International Broadcasting Foun- Arirang English FM Arirang DMB Arirang TV dation English Broadcasting Gwangju English Broadcasting Foundation GFM Busan English Broadcasting Foundation Busan-eFM YTN News Broad- YTN Radio YTN FM YTN DMB Science TV casting YTN Weather Gugak FM Traditional Gugak FM (8 regions: Seoul, Namwon, Gangneung, Music Gugak Gwangju Jindo, Gyeongju, Jeonju, Busan, Daegu)

News Channel Status of Terrestrial Broadcast Stations as of March, 2014

Category Broadcaster TV Radio DMB 1AM KBS 1TV U KBS Star KBS 2AM KBS 2TV U KBS Heart 3AM Public Broadcasting MBC MBC TV AM My MBC TV (18 Local stations) EBS EBS TV SBS u TV SBS SBS TV AM SBS V-Radio KNN KNN TV PSB FM KNN u TBC TBC TV TBC FM TBC u KBC KBC TV KBC FM KBC u TJB TJB TV TJB FM TJB u Private UBC UBC TV UBC FM Broadcasting JTV JTV TV JTV FM CJB CJB TV CJB FM G1 G1 TV G1 FM G1 u JIBS JIBS TV JIBS FM JIBS u OBS OBS Kyeong-in TV Local Radio Kyung-In Broadcasting iTV FM Station Gyeonggi Broadcasting KFM CBS AM CBS CBS Standard FM BBS BBS FM Religious PBS PBC FM Broadcasting FEBC AM FEBC FEBC Standard FM WBS WBS FM Traffic Station TBS tbs eFM The Korea International Broadcasting Foundation Arirang FM English Gwangju English Broadcasting Foundation GFM Station Busan English Broadcasting Foundation Busan-eFM News Station YTN Radio YTN News FM YTN DMB

47 Broadcast Channel Status of Comprehensive Programming Channels & Cable News Channels

Category Provider Channel jTBC jTBC Chosun Broadcasting TV Chosun Comprehensive Programming Channel Channel A Channel A Maeil Broadcasting MBN Yonhap News TV News Y Cable News Channel YTN YTN

Program Genres by Public Broadcast Stations

News Culture Entertainment Station Media Minutes Percentage(%) Minutes Percentage(%) Minutes Percentage(%) 1TV 150,795 28.9 298,475 57.3 71,920 13.8 2TV 38,825 8.9 188,110 42.9 211,095 48.2 KBS 1AM 218,932 41.7 297,281 56.6 9,387 1.8 2AM 30,010 6.2 228,995 47.5 222,795 46.2 3AM 114,233 24.8 284,882 61.9 60,785 13.2 EBS TV 8,125 1.7 460,097 98.3 0 0.0 TV 101,590 19.5 193,930 37.3 224,280 43.1 MBC R(AM) 59,395 11.3 368,560 70.4 95,545 18.3

Broadcast Programming of Private Stations

News Culture Entertainment Station Media Minutes Percentage(%) Minutes Percentage(%) Minutes Percentage(%) TV 86,652 17.3 186,873 37.4 226,550 45.3 SBS R(AM) 79,714 15.2 235,762 45.0 207,964 39.7 KNN TV 120,007 24.1 164,792 33.1 212,617 42.7 TV 71,235 14.2 229,588 45.8 200,157 40.0 TBC R(FM) 3,650 0.7 293,950 56.2 225,220 43.1 TV 105,207 21.0 186,884 37.3 209,186 41.7 KBC R(FM) 5,820 1.1 0 0.0 518,700 98.9 TJB TV 93,477 18.7 214,985 42.9 192,438 38.4 TV 99,867 20.0 213,237 42.7 186,528 37.3 UBC R(FM) 1,300 0.2 304,995 58.3 217,145 41.5 JTV TV 97,800 19.6 202,077 40.4 200,321 40.0 CJB TV 75,669 15.1 231,181 46.3 192,885 38.6 G1 TV 70,830 14.1 210,560 41.9 220,825 44.0 JIBS TV 91,010 18.2 237,080 47.4 171,985 34.4 OBS TV 61,440 13.8 249,450 55.9 135,275 30.3 Kyung-In Broadcasting R(FM) 23,035 4.4 81,333 15.5 421,232 80.1 Gyeonggi Broadcasting R(FM) 103,878 19.8 188,626 35.9 233,096 44.3

48 Chapter 5. Broadcasting Market Broadcast Programming of Religious Stations and Special Stations

News Culture Entertainment Station Media Percentage Percentage Percentage Minutes Minutes Minutes (%) (%) (%) CBS Seoul R(FM) 54,137 10.3 469,963 89.7 0 0.0 PBC Seoul R(FM) 48,290 10.5 295,255 64.2 116,355 25.3 BBS R(FM) 67,145 14.6 312,732 68.0 80,023 17.4 WBS R(FM) 45,095 8.6 326,820 62.5 151,045 28.9 The Korea International R(FM) 48,980 9.3 268,115 51.0 208,505 39.7 Broadcasting Foundation Gwangju English R(FM) 87,660 17.4 201,840 40.0 214,560 42.6 Broadcasting Foundation Busan English R(FM) 49,499 9.4 269,041 51.2 207,060 39.4 Broadcasting Foundation YTN Radio R(FM) 327,591 62.3 198,009 37.7 0 0.0

Yearly Programming of Terrestrial DMB Broadcasters

News Culture Entertainment Stations Media Minutes Percentage(%) Minutes Percentage(%) Minutes Percentage(%) U KBS STAR 151,285 29 298,395 57.3 71,510 13.7 KBS TV U KBS HEART 34,740 7.9 189,735 43.4 214,105 48.8 MBC TV MY MBC 102,227 19.7 182,378 35.2 231,925 44.8 TV SBS u TV 101,031 19.3 187,384 35.8 234,360 44.8 SBS SBSuDMB Radio 61,766 11.8 218,274 41.7 243,400 46.5 Radio YTN DMB TV YTN DMB 438,545 83.4 71,700 13.6 15,355 2.9 Hankook DMB TV QBS 234,680 44.9 161,230 30.8 126,810 24.3

Broadcast Production Cost by Sources

Terrestrial Broadcasting Program provider Total Category Cost Cost Cost Minutes Minutes Minutes (100 million won) (100 million won) (100 million won) In-house Production 23,418,770 5,382 45,390,032 7,962 68,808,802 13,344 Joint Production 648,561 106 36,247 56 684,808 162 Outsourcing 1,107,944 4,100 1,013,354 2,182 2,121,298 6,282 Affiliate Outsourcing 125,061 515 47,598 498 172,659 1,013 Purchase of Domestic 337,202 105 7,999,789 2,395 8,336,991 2,499 Program Purchase of Foreign Program 192,726 88 26,865,985 1,921 27,058,711 2,009 Total 25,830,264 10,296 81,353,005 15,014 107,183,269 25,310

49 Yearly Program Production Distribution of Terrestrial Broadcast Stations (100 million won)

6,753 5,960 2011 (Total = 10,360) 5,382 2012 (Total = 11,928) 4,225 4,100 2013 (Total = 10,296) 3,742

525 515 123 219 106 361 96 84 105 77 122 88 In - house Joint Outsourcing Affiliate Purchase Purchase of Production Production Outsourcing of Domestic Foreign Program Program

Outsourcing Costs of Terrestrial Broadcast Stations (100 million won)

2011 1,914 2012 1,670 1,730 2013 1,543 1,460 1,260 1,090 1,227 981

9 11 14 54 50 46

KBS MBC SBS Local MBC Local Private (Headquarter) Broadcasting

Yearly Program Production Distribution of Program Providers (100 million won)

8,892 7,962 2011 (Total = 10,801) 2012 (Total = 16,705) 2013 (Total = 15,014)

3,914 2,783 3,022 2,182 2,246 2,155 2,395 2,371 1,921 1,385 188 316 498 29 56 204 In - house Joint Outsourcing Affiliate Purchase Purchase of Production Production Outsourcing of Domestic Foreign Program Program

50 Chapter 5. Broadcasting Market Broadcast Programming of Terrestrial Stations in 2013

News Culture Entertainment Category Minutes Percentage(%) Minutes Percentage(%) Minutes Percentage(%) KBS 1TV 150,795 28.9 298,475 57.3 71,920 13.8 KBS 2TV 38,825 8.9 188,110 42.9 211,095 48.2 MBC-TV 101,590 19.5 193,930 37.3 224,280 43.1 SBS-TV 86,652 17.3 186,873 37.4 226,550 45.3 EBS-TV 8,125 1.7 460,097 98.3 0 0.0 YTN Radio 327,591 62.3 198,009 37.7 0 0.0

Broadcast Programming of Terrestrial Stations by Sources

Purchase of Domestic and Foreign In-house/Joint Production Outsourcing Category Programs Minutes Percentage(%) Minutes Percentage(%) Minutes Percentage(%) KBS 1TV 367,487 70.5 132,943 25.5 20,760 4.0 KBS 2TV 187,492 42.8 225,463 51.5 25,075 5.7 MBC TV 245,280 47.2 261,525 50.3 12,995 2.5 SBS TV 220,742 44.1 270,738 54.1 8,595 1.7 EBS-TV 200,634 42.9 127,560 27.2 140,028 29.9

Domestic Broadcast Sales and Purchasing (100 million won)

2011 2012 2,986 2,799 2013 2,683 2,541 2,457 2,303 2,015 1,880 1,658 1,637

1,345 1,294

670 343 222 142 154 187

Terrestrial Program Total Terrestrial Program Total Broadcasting Provider Broadcasting Provider

Domestic Sales Domestic Purchasing

51 Broadcasters’ Import and Export Figures

2012 Program (Unit) Import 2012 Amount ($1,000)

2013 Program (Unit) 123,558 128,032 2013 Amount ($1,000) 111,341 114,450

20,021 18,767 22,077 20,046 2,056 4,474 1,279 3,109 Terrestrial Broadcasting Program provider Total

239,435

191,403 Export 179,718 153,507 136,586 117,395

67,806 55,758 48,032 26,211 12,048 19,191

Terrestrial Broadcasting Program provider Total

Broadcast Program, Imports and Exports, 2009~2012 ($ 10,000)

Terrestrial Broadcasting Program provider

19,140

15,807 15,351

Expert Volume 12,367 12,356 12,177 11,134

9,768

Import 4,803 Volume 2,621

1,087 436 425 447 311 531

2010 2011 2012 2013 2010 2011 2012 2013

52 Chapter 5. Broadcasting Market Broadcast Program, Imports and Exports by Foreign Markets ($ 10,000)

9,411 2012 2013 11,078

2,188 1,704 Expert 1,332 1,195 943 837 680 511 4 0 Japan Taiwan China U.S.A U.K Malaysia Thailand

147 Import 19 18 0 0 16 0 0 0 114 55 143 Japan Taiwan China U.S.A U.K Malaysia Thailand

Advertising Revenue by Broadcast Media, 2011~2013 (100 million won)

Percentage (%) Growth Rate(%) Category 2011 2012 2013 2011 2012 2013 2012 2013 Terrestrial TV 21,029 19,373 18,373 56.3 54.1 52.9 -7.9 -5.2 Terrestrial Radio 2,629 2,368 2,253 7.0 6.6 6.5 -9.9 -4.8 Terrestrial DMB 185 135 107 0.5 0.4 0.3 -26.9 -21.2 Cable System Operator 1,144 1,099 1,220 3.1 3.1 3.5 -3.9 11.0 Satellite Broadcasting 122 145 174 0.3 0.4 0.5 18.5 20.1 Satellite DMB broadcating 18 1 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 -93.8 - Program provider 12,216 12,675 12,636 32.7 35.4 36.4 3.8 -0.3 Total 37,342 35,796 34,763 100.0 100.0 100.0 -4.1 -2.9

53 Top 10 Industries in Advertising Expenses, 2012~2013 (100 million won)

2013 2012 Growth Rank Category Advertising Expense Percentage (%) Advertising Expense Percentage (%) Rate (%) 1 Computer & IT 3,254 15.9 2,871 13.3 13.3 2 Finance, Insurance & Securities 2,483 12.1 3,075 14.2 -19.3 3 Food 1,977 9.6 2,187 10.1 -9.6 4 Beverage & Favorite Food 1,840 9.0 1,740 8.0 5.7 5 Transportation 1,700 8.3 1,771 8.2 -4.0 6 Housewares 1,419 6.9 1,098 5.1 29.2 7 Service 1,372 6.7 1,493 6.9 -8.1 8 Home Electronics 1,181 5.8 1,143 5.3 3.3 9 Cosmetics & Sanitary Products 1,113 5.4 1,596 7.4 -30.3 10 Pharmaceuticals & Health care 1,008 4.9 1,049 4.8 -3.9

AD Revenue and Growth Rate by Broadcast Media, 2011~2013 (100 million won)

2013 20.1 11.0 18.5 3.8 0 -5.2 -4.8 -0.3 -7.9 -21.2 -3.9 -9.9 2012 -26.9

21,029 19,373 18,373 2011 12,675 2012 -93.8 12,216 12,636 2013

2,368 1,099 2,632 2,253 1,144 1,220 182 135 107 122 145 174 18 1 0 Terrestrial Terrestrial Terrestrial Cable System Satellite Satellite DMB Program TV Radio DMB Operator Broadcasting Broadcasting provider

54 Chapter 5. Broadcasting Market Rank of Ratings (Annual Average)

Rank Channel rating(%) 1 KBS1 5.375 2 KBS2 4.032 3 MBC 4.030 4 SBS 3.633 5 MBN 1.214 6 TV Chosun 1.154 7 Channel A 0.935 8 JTBC 0.797 9 MBC Drama Net 0.780 10 EBS 0.609 11 YTN 0.579 12 tvN 0.576 13 SBS Plus 0.500 14 KBS DRAMA 0.468 15 News-y 0.448 16 OCN 0.320 17 MBC every1 0.315 18 MBC SPORTS+ 0.278 19 KBS JOY 0.276 20 Channel CGV 0.266 21 Tooniverse 0.249 22 Comedy TV 0.239 23 Dramax 0.230 24 SBS SPORTS 0.219 25 KBS N SPORTS 0.207 26 E Channel 0.206 27 SUPER ACTION 0.200 28 SBS funE 0.189 29 QTV 0.175 30 Mnet 0.159 * Analysis Period : 2014.1~12 / Analysis Target : household(n=3,200) / Analysis Region: Nationwide / Analysis Platforms: All Platforms Source : TNMS

55 Chapter 6 Internet Newspaper Market

Registered Internet Newspaper Status

Year (As of Dec.) Number of Registered Internet Newspaper (Cumulative) Growth Rate (%) 2009 1,698 32.4 2010 2,484 46.3 2011 3,193 28.5 2012 3,914 22.6 2013 4,916 25.6

Registered Internet Newspaper Growth

4,916

3,914 3,193 2,484

1,698

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

Internet Newspaper by Type (N = 1,776)

771 (43.4%)

529 (29.8%) 476 (26.8%)

General Internet Newspaper Local Internet Newspaper Special Internet Newspaper

56 Chapter 6. Internet Newspaper Market Internet News by Sources (unit: %)

Other

7.9 Affiliates or purchased articles 11.2 In-house (Including affiliates) Wire news such as 11.9 40.0 Yonhap News, Newsis, AP, Etc.

29.1 Contributors, Citizen reporters, Contributing reporters, Affiliated blog articles

Average Number of In-House Articles per Day

752 Under 10 (53.1%)

11~20 146 (10.3%) 71~80 7 (0.5%) 21~30 64 (4.5%) 81~90 4 (0.3%) 31~40 25 (1.8%) 91~100 18 (1.3%) 41~50 22 (1.6%) 101~200 24 (1.7%) 51~60 16 (1.1%) 201~500 19 (1.3%) 61~70 15 (1.1%) 501 or more 6 (0.4%)

Internet Newspaper Update Cycle (N = 1,416)

Occasionally (real time) 733 (51.8%)

2~3 times a day 155 (10.9%)

Once a day 133 (9.4%)

More than twice a week 47 (3.3%)

Once a week 55 (3.9%)

Once per 1~ 2 week 34 (2.4%)

Other / No answer 259 (18.3%)

57 Internet Newspaper with/without Internet Newspaper with/without Codes of Ethics (N = 1,416) Internet Editorial Rules (N = 1,416)

No Answer No Answer

513 With 516 With (36.2%) 766 (36.4%) 708 (54.1%) (50.0%) 137 192 (9.7%) (13.6%) Without Without

Internet Newspaper with/without Internet Newspaper with/without Reader’s Rights Protection Unit (N = 1,416) Rules on Copyrighted Articles (N = 1,416)

With 349 No Answer No Answer (24.6%) 515 543 With (36.4%) (38.3%) 703 (49.6%)

Without 170 552 (12.0%) (39.0%) Without

Internet Newspaper with/without Internet Newspaper with/without Policy for Protecting Personal Personnel for Handling User Information (N = 1,416) Postings(Such as Replies) (N = 1,416)

No Answer No Answer 542 540 With (38.3%) With (38.1%) 714 782 (50.4%) (55.2%) 92 162 (6.5%) (11.4%) Without Without

58 Chapter 6. Internet Newspaper Market Paid Content (N = 1,416)

All Partly 20 69 (1.4%) (4.9%)

No answer Not-yet started

574 753 (40.5%) (53.2%)

Online Advertising Revenue Status by Type of Media

Advertising Revenue Percentage (%) Media 2012 2013 2012 2013 Search Advertising 12,950 13,210 13.3 2.0 Internet Display Advertising 6,590 6,820 6.7 3.5 Subtotal 19,540 20,030 20.0 2.5 Mobile 2,100 4,600 2.1 119.0 Total 21,640 24,630 22.1 13.8 Source: Cheil Worldwide Inc.

User Traffic of News Sections, Major Portal Sites (PC Users) (2014.6)

Rank Domain Unique Visitor (person) Total Page View (1,000 Page) Average Page View (Page) Total 23,312,248 3,945,662 169.25 1 naver.com 16,920,365 1,662,551 98.26 2 daum.net 13,714,056 1,641,555 119.70 3 nate.com 5,750,362 580,787 101.00 4 zum.com 1,526,095 56,830 37.24 Source: Nielsen Koreanclick

59 Internet Newspaper User Traffic (PC Users) (2014.6)

Rank Domain Unique Visitor (person) Total Page View (1,000 Page) Average Page View (Page) Total 22,672,778 1,683,222 74.24 1 chosun.com 8,583,117 309,663 36.08 2 donga.com 7,749,612 104,957 13.54 3 mk.co.kr 7,713,430 54,187 7.03 4 sbs.co.kr 6,717,708 55,306 8.23 5 mt.co.kr 6,692,736 32,915 4.92 6 asiae.co.kr 6,680,096 76,819 11.50 7 hankyung.com 6,036,038 33,968 5.63 8 joins.com 5,846,312 127,783 21.86 9 hankooki.com 5,731,420 42,393 7.40 10 seoul.co.kr 4,854,933 24,750 5.10 11 heraldcorp.com 4,470,297 11,383 2.55 12 newsen.com 4,375,550 15,761 3.60 13 kbs.co.kr 3,872,473 93,598 24.17 14 yonhapnews.co.kr 3,505,787 14,435 4.12 15 khan.co.kr 3,304,711 50,761 15.36 16 wowtv.co.kr 3,237,895 6,994 2.16 17 newsis.com 3,162,582 8,020 2.54 18 edaily.co.kr 3,002,204 9,196 3.06 19 fnnews.com 2,936,855 5,912 2.01 20 tvreport.co.kr 2,919,729 6,438 2.21 21 mydaily.co.kr 2,785,106 8,254 2.96 22 news1.kr 2,726,719 6,107 2.24 23 etnews.com 2,402,202 7,621 3.17 24 hani.co.kr 2,389,577 22,757 9.52 25 segye.com 2,385,377 5,660 2.37 26 imbc.com 2,369,287 32,687 13.80 27 etoday.co.kr 2,311,761 5,046 2.18 28 nocutnews.co.kr 2,085,998 8,152 3.91 29 ohmynews.com 1,958,437 14,347 7.33 30 afreeca.com 1,895,738 44,211 23.32 Source: Nielsen Koreanclick

60 Chapter 6. Internet Newspaper Market Internet Newspaper User Traffic (Smartphone Users) (2014.6)

Rank Domain Unique Visitor (person) Total Page View (1,000 Page) Average Page View (Page) Total 12,065,842 438,067 36.31 1 joins.com 3,599,841 29,987 8.33 2 donga.com 3,401,771 78,058 22.95 3 chosun.com 2,668,798 17,887 6.70 4 mt.co.kr 2,649,933 18,018 6.80 5 yonhapnews.co.kr 2,367,441 18,875 7.97 6 hankooki.com 2,322,227 11,953 5.15 7 hankyung.com 2,235,315 12,198 5.46 8 sbs.co.kr 2,059,583 10,696 5.19 9 newsis.com 1,817,237 6,161 3.39 10 khan.co.kr 1,745,709 8,280 4.74 11 ohmynews.com 1,673,299 10,617 6.34 12 asiae.co.kr 1,609,814 12,144 7.54 13 wikitree.co.kr 1,540,915 4,851 3.15 14 huffpost.com 1,491,937 7,791 5.22 15 hani.co.kr 1,473,747 6,508 4.42 16 seoul.co.kr 1,473,460 5,922 4.02 17 imbc.com 1,435,902 6,190 4.31 18 kbs.co.kr 1,421,140 7,015 4.94 19 mk.co.kr 1,309,051 5,376 4.11 20 news1.kr 1,290,537 3,720 2.88 21 segye.com 1,237,199 5,795 4.68 22 mydaily.co.kr 1,223,476 5,758 4.71 23 interest.me 1,065,537 55,180 51.79 24 ytn.co.kr 1,044,137 2,554 2.45 25 edaily.co.kr 1,042,490 3,565 3.42 26 asiatoday.co.kr 994,779 2,368 2.38 27 tvreport.co.kr 983,710 3,465 3.52 28 nocutnews.co.kr 953,367 3,387 3.55 29 insight.co.kr 881,891 2,338 2.65 30 fnnews.com 866,649 2,853 3.29

User Traffic of News Sections, Major Portal Sites (Smartphone Users) (2014.6)

Rank Domain Unique Visitor (person) Total Page View (1,000 Page) Average Page View (Page) Total 13,050,866 2,492,050 190.95 1 naver.com 10,672,048 1,489,063 139.53 2 daum.net 6,968,099 664,932 95.43 3 nate.com 3,363,240 337,780 100.43 Source: Nielsen Koreanclick

61 Chapter 7 Media Audience : Pattern and Evaluation

1. Media Overview

Device Possession by Household Types (unit: %)

92.3 TV 99.7 98.4 48.8 Digital TV 71.8 76.2 47.0 Analogue TV 39.6 38.7 15.1 Car DMB Reader 37.6 62.1 2.3 DVD 5.5 20.0 2.7 House hold Game Console 2.1 15.6 1.2 VCR 2.7 8.5 32.6 Desktop 40.3 83.2 19.4 Notebook / Netbook 17.6 37.1 4.8 Tablet PC 3.6 10.6 24.0 Car Radio 51.3 Single household 76.0 (n=812) 16.4 Radio 34.3 43.8 First generation households (n=650) 16.4 Digital Camera 29.7 Two or more 62.9 househond 0.5 Digital Camcorder 2.8 (n=1,933) 12.0

Individual Device Ownership (N=6,240 persons, unit: set)

Mobile Handset Portable Game MP3 PMP E-Book (Total) Feature Phone Smartphone Player Number of Devices 0.96 0.27 0.70 0.12 0.03 0.03 0.01 * Number of Individual Device Possession = Total Number of Devices Owned by Individuals / Total Number of Individuals Source: Survey report on Current Situation of Broadcasting Industry(2013), KCC

62 Chapter 7. Media Audience : Pattern and Evaluation Usage Frequency by Media Types (N=6,240, unit: %)

95.8

69.0 58.1

26.8

16.0 18.3 4.6 1.4

TV DMB Smartphone Desktop/ Tablet Radio Newspaper Game Notebook PC Console

* Usage Frequency by Media Types = Number of People Who Uses Each Medium for More Than One Day in a 3-Month Period / Total Number of Individuals (6,240 persons) * TV: TV set (including both analogue and digital TV sets) * Radio: Excluding listening via Internet and smart devices * Newspaper: Free newspapers are excluded; only print papers are included Source: Survey report on Current Situation of Broadcasting Industry(2013), KCC

Daily Average Media Usage (N=6,240, unit= hours:minutes)

TV Radio Newspaper PC/Notebook Tablet PC Smartphone DMB Game Console

3:48

3:07 2:50

1:12 1:13 1:09 0:57 1:01 0:45

0:17 0:20 0:10 0:05 0:03 0:05 0:01 0:06 0:03 0:05 0:01 0:03 0:03 0:040:01

Daily Average Weekday Weekend

* Daily Average Media Usage = Total Daily Media Usage Time / Total Number of Individuals (6,240 persons) Source: Survey report on Current Situation of Broadcasting Industry(2013), KCC

63 Media as Daily Necessities (N=6,240, unit: %)

46.3

37.3

12.9

1.4 0.9 0.6 0.3 0.3

TV Smartphone Desktop/ Newspaper Radio Book Magazine Tablet Notebook PC

* Media as a Daily Necessity = Number of Respondents Who Say Media In Question is a Daily Necessity / Total Number of Individuals (6,240 persons) Source: Survey report on Current Situation of Broadcasting Industry (2013), KCC

Media which are Daily Necessities by Age (N=6,240, unit: %)

Magazine TV Smartphone Desktop / Notebook Radio Book Tablet Newspaper PC

10s 14.8 61.8 21.1 0.2 0.0 0.0 1.0 1.0

20s 13.9 67.3 16.6 0.9 0.7 0.2 0.2 0.2

30s 25.3 51.3 20.9 0.4 0.9 0.3 0.1 0.0

40s 44.5 38.4 12.6 2.1 0.5 1.3 0.5 0.2

50s 73.7 13.4 7.4 2.8 1.6 0.8 0.0 0.4 60s or 93.2 1.4 older 2.0 1.7 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.0

Source: Survey report on Current Situation of Broadcasting Industry(2013), KCC

64 Chapter 7. Media Audience : Pattern and Evaluation Effect of Smartphones Replacing Media (N= 4,303 smartphone users, unit: %)

Agree Neutral Disagree

Less Internet Usage via Desktop /Laptop 43.9 41.8 14.3

Fewer Media Activities excluding Internet Usage via Desktop/Laptop 35.9 46.7 17.4

Less Time Spent Watching TV 26.3 50.5 23.2

Less Time Spent Reading Books (Book/Magazine/Newspaper) 32.6 46.8 20.6

Source: Survey report on Current Situation of Broadcasting Industry(2013), KCC

2. Newspaper Usage Behavior and Perception

Print Newspaper Readership Rate Trends (unit: %)

82.1 76.0 68.8

58.5 52.6 44.6 40.9 33.8 30.7

2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

2002~2006 n=1,200 / 2008~2012 n=5,000 / 2013 n=5,082 / 2014 n=5,061 Source : Audience Research Report (2014), KPF

65 Newspaper Article Usage Routes and Usage Ratio Trends (unit: %)

77.6 76.4 78.0 Newspaper Article 73.6 Usage Rate

57.4 59.6 55.3 Usage Rate via 51.5 PC - based Internet 47.4 50.7 Print Newspaper 47.7 Usage Rate 44.6 40.9 33.8 30.7 Usage Rate via 19.5 Mobile Internet

2011 2012 2013 2014

2011,2012 n=5,000 / 2013 n=5,082 / 2014 n=5,061 Source: Audience Research Report (2014), KPF

Newspaper Credibility (unit: 5 scale)

2013 2014

3.65 3.43 3.48 3.45 3.34 3.27 3.21 3.19

National daily Local daily Local weekly Financial paper & Special paper

*5 scale: ‘never trust’ 1 point ~ ‘highly trust’ 5 point 2013, n=5,082 / 2014, n=5,061 Source: Audience Research Report (2014), KPF

66 Chapter 7. Media Audience : Pattern and Evaluation 3. Broadcast Usage Behavior and Perception

Time Watching TV Daily (N=each TV broadcast viewer, unit= hours:minutes)

Terrestrial Broadcast Satellite Broadcast Cable Broadcast IPTV (N=5,982) (N=4,029) (N=508) (N=1,502)

2:35

2:09 1:58

1:25 1:27 1:09 1:13 1:05 1:02 1:00 0:55 0:56

Daily Average Weekday Weekend

Source: Survey report on Current Situation of Broadcasting Industry (2013), KCC

Reasons for Using Other Media to Watch TV Programs (N= 1,166 persons who watch terrestrial TV programs via media other than TV sets, multiple answers, unit: %)

39.7

29.8 25.4 24.6

12.5

1.8

To Watch To Utilize To Watch To Watch To Watch To Avoid Missed Time While Programs at from a Site Programs Watching Programs on the Go Specific Times Without a TV Set Again Commercials

Source: Survey report on Current Situation of Broadcasting Industry (2013), KCC

67 Percentage of Terrestrial TV Viewers by Program Genre (N=5,752, unit: %)

Daily / 5~6 Days Per Week 1~4 Days Per Week 1~3 Days Per Month Never Watch / No Usage

News 67.7 23.9 4.0 4.3

Dramas 45.3 37.9 6.4 10.3

Sports 12.0 29.8 26.9 31.4

Lifestyle information 6.9 30.8 33.1 29.2

Current evnt reports 6.9 38.5 32.4 22.2

Variety shows 5.4 51.0 22.6 21.0

Info - entertainment 3.6 40.5 28.7 27.3

Documentaries 3.3 33.7 41.3 21.7

Sitcoms 3.1 47.1 26.0 23.7

Animation 2.4 6.6 9.3 81.6

Music shows 2.2 30.1 33.2 34.5

Movies 1.7 20.1 39.6 38.7

Quiz/game shows 1.3 22.8 35.2 40.7

Education/culture, arts 1.1 12.4 24.9 61.6

Discussions 0.6 9.7 32.4 57.3

Source: Survey report on Current Situation of Broadcasting Industry (2013), KCC

Most Reliable Media For Coverage of the Same Issue (N=5,061, unit: %)

65.7

23.9 8.1 1.6 0.6

TV Internet Newspaper Radio Magazine

Source: Audience Research Report (2014), KPF

68 Chapter 7. Media Audience : Pattern and Evaluation 4. Internet Usage Behavior and Perception

Internet Usage Hour (N=4,650, unit: %)

32.1

28.0 26.2

8.8

2.5 2.4

Under 1 hour 1~2 hours 2~4 hours 4~6 hours 6~8 hours Over 8 hours

Source: 2013 Information Culture Study (2014), Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning/National Information Society Agency

Purpose and Details of Internet Usage (Multiple Answers) (N=17,500, unit: %)

Academic / Mobile General Profile- Shopping Work- Online Instant News Web Music Email based Information related Gaming Messenger Surfing Service Research

Total 89.5 83.4 65.6 64.2 63.4 61.3 53.4 51.9 51.7

Children (Aged 5~9) 30.1 13.0 16.2 34.2 4.9 41.0 5.4 68.8 9.5

Youths (Aged 10~19) 90.0 62.8 61.7 77.9 49.7 70.4 41.3 69.2 60.5

Adults (Aged 20~54) 94.1 94.1 70.4 63.2 71.4 60.7 60.3 46.3 52.8

20s 98.2 94.6 82.6 83.2 81.5 73.3 70.1 56.5 69.1

30s 95.9 94.3 74.2 65.9 77.5 60.5 65.0 48.8 57.6

40s 91.6 93.8 61.1 48.9 63.1 54.6 53.4 39.1 40.8

50s 84.3 92.6 52.3 41.6 48.2 44.4 37.9 30.9 27.2

Male 88.9 84.4 65.5 61.5 56.1 65.5 56.2 56.3 49.1

Female 90.3 82.2 65.6 67.2 71.4 56.7 50.4 47.1 54.5 Source: 2013 Internet Addiction Survey (2014), Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning/National Information Society Agency

69 Dependence on Information Content on the Internet (N=4,650, unit: %)

Never Don’t Average Trust Highly Average (5 scale) Trust Trust Trust

Shopping Mall, Company’s 3.14 2.0 16.3 48.7 31.3 1.7 Product / Service Info 33.0

Public Service Info 3.53 1.5 7.4 36.2 46.7 8.2

54.9

Media Articles/News 3.50 1.3 8.0 38.2 44.3 8.3 52.6

Info on SNS 3.18 1.8 14.2 51.4 29.6 3.0 32.6

User - generated Internet Info at Large 3.14 2.2 14.8 51.9 28.7 2.3 31.0

* 5 points: ‘Never Trust’ 1 point, ‘Highly Trust’ 5 points Source: 2013 Information Culture Study (2014), Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning/National Information Society Agency

5. Smartphone Usage Behavior and Perception

Reasons for Using Smartphones (Top Answers Only) (N=13,050, unit: %)

40.6 Youth Adult Total 17.6 42.8 8.3 7.1 6.5 40.1

20.8 18.5

6.1 7.7 6.8 2.9 4.2 4.9

Mobile Instant News Search Online Game Academic/Work- General Web Messenger related Research Surfing

Source: 2013 Internet Addiction Survey (2014), Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning/National Information Society Agency

70 Chapter 7. Media Audience : Pattern and Evaluation Mobile Messenger Usage Frequency (per day) (N=8,423, unit: %)

30.2

24.7

20.4 17.5

11.2

7.2

Less than 5 5~9 10~14 15~19 20~24 Average Times Times Times Times Times (No. of Times)

Source: 2013 Internet Addiction Survey (2014), Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning/National Information Society Agency

Seriousness of Smart Media (N=13,050, unit: %)

Total Smartphone User Smartphone Addict General User

Serious 0.7 Serious 0.9 Serious 0.7 Not Serious Not Serious Not Serious

8.2 8.9 8.1

Very Serious Very Serious Very Serious A Little Serious A Little Serious 45.7% A Little Serious 49.0% 45.2% 45.4 41.2 46.0

91.1% 90.2% 91.2%

Serious

Source: 2013 Internet Addiction Survey (2014), Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning/National Information Society Agency

71 SNS Usage Status (N=SNS users 3,270, unit: %)

55.4 KakaoStory 77.0

23.4 Facebook 49.5

13.1 Twitter 33.0

5.5 Cyworld Mini homepage 20.2

1.2 Linkedin 1.5

0.3 Others 0.8

0.3 Me2day 5.0

0.2 Cyworld C log 20.2

0.2 Daum Yozm 2.3

0.2 Google + 1.1

0.1 itgling 1.1

0.0 foursquare 1 Rank 1 + 2 + 3 Rank 0.5

Source: 2013 Korean Media Panel Survey (2013), Korea Information Society Development Institute

72 Chapter 7. Media Audience : Pattern and Evaluation Influence of SNS as Judged by Users/Nonusers (N=SNS users 2,677, nonusers= 2,323, unit: %)

SNS User SNS Nonuser

68 Important tool for communicating with others 38

64 Increased attention to social phenomena and issues 37

65 Impact on people’s opinions and behaviors 38

69 Obtaining various information 38

54 Increased attention to politics 33

60 Greater impact on others 39

Source: 2014 Media & Consumer Research(2014), Korea Broadcast Advertising Corp.

73 Chapter 8 Current Situation of Newspaper Industry Support

2013 Media Promotion Fund Project (1 million won)

Category Subcategory Cost

Supporting public news content infrastructure 1,844

Supporting Internet newspaper production infrastructure 1,002

Establishing U-magazine platform for magazines 300 Newspaper industry promotion Research projects 1,755

Supporting news contents production (feature project support) 600

Subtotal 5,501

Supporting joint delivery center establishment and operation 127 Improving circulation system of newspaper Newspaper transportation and posting support 4,440 and magazine Subtotal 4,567

Reader committee support 418

Newspaper ethics review support 1,180 Protection of reader rights Support for media for the under privileged and content production support 100

Subtotal 1,698

Supporting NIE programs 3,607

Reading culture promotion project 686 Media-related public projects and Subscription fee support for the underprivileged 1,549 education Support for media training programs 411

Subtotal 6,253

Supporting digitalization of news content 1,193 Supporting digitalization of Supporting copyrights of news content 697 newspaper industry Subtotal 1,890

Supporting newspaper infrastructure buildup (financing) 2,400 Supporting newspaper infrastruc- ture buildup Subtotal 2,400

Total 22,309

74 Chapter 8. Current Situation of Newspaper Industry Support 2013 Projects of the Committee for Local Press (1 million won)

Project Subproject Cost

Feature story support 1,185

Freelance & expert pool system 923

Content (paper design) upgrade support 198

Utilizing civil journalists 399 Support for strengthening jour- Local newspaper promotion campaigns 280 nalism Monitoring local newspapers 288

Training & education projects 553

Research projects 96

Subtotal 3,922

Supporting newspaper digitalization 831

Supporting joint DB construction 876 Constructing multimedia environment Renting digital equipment 528

Subtotal 2,235

Subscription support for the underprivileged 2,552

Realizing the public good Subscription support for schools utilizing NIE programs 1,550

Subtotal 4,102

Total 10,259

75 Appendix 1 Overseas Branches of the Korean Media

Nation City Media Address Tel.

Hankook Ilbo Hortiguera 1779, Cap. Buenos Aires, Argentina 54-11-4924-8500 Argentina Buenos Aires JoongAng Ilbo Av Carabobo 845(1406), Cap. FED, Buenos Aires, Argentina 54-11-4631-0061

MBC Bangkok Bureau, 15F, 518/5 Maneeya Center Building, Bangkok Phloenchit MBC 66-2-652-2437~9 Phloenchit Rd., Bangkok 10330

Hankook Ilbo R. DA Gloria 891, Liberdade, Sao Paulo, Brazil 55-11-3209-9711 Brazil São Paulo JoongAng Ilbo Rua Joaquim Murithinho 42, Bom Retrio, Sao Paulo, Brazil 55-11-3326-2522

Hankook Ilbo 287 Bridgeland Ave., Toronto, Ontario, Canada M6A 1Z6 1-416-787-1111 Toronto JoongAng Ilbo 655 Bloor ST W Toronto, Ontario, Canada M6G1L1 1-416-533-5533 Canada Hankook Ilbo #303-9940 LongHeed Hwy., Burnaby, B.C V3J 1N3 1-604-420-3651 Vancouver JoongAng Ilbo #305-4501 n. Rd., Burnaby, BC Canada V3N3R7 1-604-420-6033

Korea MBC Beijing Bureau 8-72, Qijiayuan Diplomatic Com- MBC 86-10-6532-6345~7, 6489 pound Beijing, China 100600

SBS 北京市 朝陽區 建國問外 外交公萬 9-1-23 86-10-6532-6394 100600 9 China Beijing YTN 中國 北京市 朝陽區 建國門外大街 號 齊家園 外交團 86-10-8532-1972~3 地 APT 8棟-6-3 <韓國 YTN 新聞電視臺> Rm 303, Unit 3, Building 306, Three Wangjing Garden, Chaoy- Money Today ang District

E Daily 北京市 朝陽區 望京 大西洋新城 金石美苑 312-1-701 86-155-1075-5924 33-1-5375-1022 MBC 142 Ave., Des Champs Elysees, 75008, Paris, France 09-6526-9742 France Paris SBS 90 Ave., Des Champs Elysees, 75008, Paris, France 33-1-8406-5045

Fuji-TV Building, Media Tower 18F 2-4-8, Daiba, Minato-ku, MBC 81-3-5500-5871~2 Tokyo 135-0091, Japan

SBS 東京都 千代田區 四番町 5-6 NTV 別館 4階 SBS 東京支局 81-3-6215-0087 81-3-5571-4033 YTN TBS Center 13F, Akasaka 5-3-6, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan 81-3-5563-1520~1 Japan Tokyo The Dong-A Daily News, Tokyo Bureau, Asahishimbun News- DongA Ilbo 81-3-3248-1251 building, 5-3-2 Tsukiji-Chuoku, Tokyo, Japan

JoongAng Ilbo 東京都 中央區 銀座 5-15-8 時事通信社 13F 81-3-3524-0333

Korea Economic Daily 日本 東京都 新宿區 新宿 1-31-19 81-3-3356-3445

Halla Ilbo 日本國 東京都 葛飾區 高砂 2-1-26 リバ-サイジ 105號室 81-3-5612-2703 MBC 49 Conduit St., Mayfair, London, W1S 2YS UK 44-20-7323-1469 UK London YTN 26-28 Hammersmith, Grove, London, W6 7BA 44-20-8834-2811

76 Appendix 1. Overseas Branches of the Korean Media Nation City Media Address Tel.

JoongAng Ilbo 2400 Pleasant Hill Rd., #200 Duluth, GA 30096 USA 1-770-242-0099 Atlanta Hankook Ilbo 4120 Chattahoochee Trace Duluth, GA 30097 USA 1-770-622-9600

JoongAng Ilbo 790 Busse Rd., Elk Grove Village, IL 60007 USA 1-847-228-7200 Chicago Hankook Ilbo 3720 W. Devon Ave., Lincolnwood, IL 60712 USA 1-847-626-0388

Dallas Hankook Ilbo 1454 Halsey Way #200, Carrollton, TX 75007 USA 1-972-247-2587

Hankook Ilbo 1839 S. King St., Honolulu, HI 96826 USA 1-808-955-1234 Hawaii JoongAng Ilbo 1314 S. King St., #664 Honolulu, HI 96814 USA 1-808-591-1700

Houston Hankook Ilbo 9887 Long Point, Houston, TX 77055 USA 1-713-932-8100

MBC 3400 W. 6th St., 4th Floor, Los Angeles, CA 90020 USA 1-213-736-1571

SBS 3530 Wilshire Blvd., Suite #1000, Los Angeles, CA 90010 USA 1-213-386-1234

YTN 3435 Wilshire Blvd., 19F, Los Angeles, CA 90010 USA 1-213-382-9600(Ext. 104) LA Far East Broadcasting Co. 15700 Imperial Hwy. La Mirada, CA 90638 USA 1-562-448-1782

JoongAng Ilbo 690 Wilshire Place, Los Angeles, CA 90005 USA 1-213-368-2500

Hankook Ilbo 4525 Wilshire Blvd., L.A, CA 90010 USA 1-323-692-2000

MBC 225 West 34th St., #2002, New York, NY 10122 USA 1-212-317-9091

SBS 75 9th Ave. 6th Fl, New York, NY 10011 USA 1-212-645-2881

YTN New York / UN Bureau Chief 1370, Broadway #521 New YTN 1-646-380-1860 York, NY 10018 USA USA Money Today 140 Broadway Cresskill, NJ 07626 USA 1-201-266-4149 New York E Daily 20 Hampshire Rd., Paramus, NJ 07652 USA 1-201-600-5142

JoongAng Ilbo 43-27 36th St., Long Island City, NY 11101 USA 1-718-361-7700

Pyeonghwa Broadcasting 145-27 33rd Ave., Flushing, NY 11354 USA 1-718-762-6500 corporation

Hankook Ilbo 42-22 27th St., Long Island City, NY 11101 USA 1-718-482-1111

JoongAng Ilbo 40523 Encyclopedia circle, Fremont, CA 94538 USA 1-510-487-3333 San Francisco Hankook Ilbo 8134 Capwell Dr., Oakland, CA 94621 USA 1-510-777-1111

San Hose Money Today 3003 N, 1st St, San Jose, CA 95134

Hankook Ilbo 12532 Aurora Ave., N. Seattle, WA 98133 USA 1-206-622-2229 Seattle JoongAng Ilbo 13749 Midvale Ave., N. Seattle, WA 98133 USA 1-206-365-4000

Suite 1131 National Press Building, Washington D.C. 20045 MBC 1-202-347-0078, 2039 USA

National Press Bldg #979 14th St., N.W. Washington D.C. SBS 1-202-637-9849 20045 USA Washington D.C. 1-202-758-3078 YTN 3015 Barden Oaks ct., Oakton, VA 22124 USA 070-8224-0003

JoongAng Ilbo 7023 Little River Tnpk, 3rd Fl., Annandale, VA 22003 USA 1-703-281-9660

Hankook Ilbo 7601 Little River Tnpk., 3rd. Fl., Annandale, VA 22003 USA 1-703-941-8001

77 Appendix 2 Korean Correspondents Overseas

Newspapers

Nation City Media Name E-mail Canada Vancouver Kangwon Domin Ilbo Song Kwangho [email protected] Kyunghyang Daily News Oh Kwanchul [email protected] Kukmin Ilbo Jung Wonkyo [email protected] Ko Kijung [email protected] Dong-A Ilbo Gu Jaryong [email protected] Maeil Business Newspaper Jung Hyukhoon [email protected] Money Today Song Giyong [email protected] Munhwa Ilbo Park Sunho [email protected] Seoul Economic Daily Kim Hyunsu [email protected] Seoul Shinmun Joo Hyunjin [email protected] Segye Times Sin Dongju [email protected] China Beijing The Aju Business Cho Yongsung [email protected] The Edaily Kim Kyungmin [email protected] Chosun Ilbo Ahn Yonghyun [email protected] Ye Youngjun [email protected] JoongAng Ilbo Choi Hyungkyu [email protected] Financial News Kim Hongjae [email protected] Hankyoreh Sung Yeoncheol [email protected] The Korea Economic Daily Kim Taewan [email protected] Hankook Ilbo Park Ilgeun [email protected] Korea Herald Business Park Youngseo [email protected] Dong-A Ilbo Jeon Seunghun [email protected] France Paris Chosun Ilbo Lee Sunghoon [email protected] Kyunghyang Daily News Yoon Heeil [email protected] Bae Geukin [email protected] Dong-A Ilbo Park Hyeongjun [email protected] Maeil Business Newspaper Hwang Hyungkyu [email protected] Seoul Shinmun Kim Minhui [email protected] Japan Tokyo Segye Times Kim Yongchul [email protected] Chosun Ilbo Cha Hakbong [email protected] Kim Hyunki [email protected] JoongAng Ilbo Seo Seungwook [email protected] Hankyoreh Gil Yoonhyung [email protected]

78 Appendix 2. Korean Correspondents Overseas Nation City Media Name E-mail The Korea Economic Daily An Jaeseok [email protected] Japan Tokyo Hankook Ilbo Han Changman [email protected] Dong-A Ilbo Boo Hyungkwon [email protected] Maeil Business Newspaper Park Bongkwon [email protected] Money Today Chae Wonbae [email protected] Seoul Economic Daily Choi Hyeonguk [email protected] New York Chosun Ilbo Na Jihong [email protected] JoongAng Ilbo Lee Sangryul [email protected] Financial News Jung Jiwon [email protected] The Korea Economic Daily Yoo Changjae [email protected] Kyunghyang Daily News Son Jemin [email protected] Naeil Daily News Han Myeontaek [email protected] Kukmin Ilbo Bae Byungwoo [email protected] Sin Seokho [email protected] Dong-A Ilbo Lee Seunghun [email protected] U.S.A Maeil Business Newspaper Lee Jinwoo [email protected] Munhwa Ilbo Lee Jekyo [email protected] Seoul Shinmun Kim Mikyung [email protected] Washington D.C. Kook Kiyeon [email protected] Segye Times Park Heejun [email protected] The Aju Business Hong Gaon [email protected] Chosun Ilbo Yoon Jungho [email protected] Chae Byunggun [email protected] JoongAng Ilbo Lee Sangbok [email protected] Hankyoreh Park Hyun [email protected] The Korea Economic Daily Jang Jinmo [email protected] Hankook Ilbo Lee Taekyu [email protected] LA Financial News Jin Heejung [email protected] U.K London JoongAng Ilbo Ko Jungae [email protected]

Broadcasters

Nation City Media Name E-mail Brazil São Paulo KBS Park Youngkwan [email protected] Oh Sekyun [email protected] KBS Park Jungho [email protected] Kim Myeongju [email protected] China Beijing Go Juryoung [email protected] MBC Kim Daegyeong [email protected] Woo Sanguk [email protected] SBS Im Sangbum [email protected]

79 Nation City Media Name E-mail YTN Seo Bongguk [email protected] Beijing China CBS Kim Sunkyung [email protected] Shanghai KBS Kim Taewook [email protected] Egypt Cairo SBS Jung Kyujin [email protected] Kim Sungmo [email protected] KBS Park Sangyong [email protected] France Paris MBC Kwon Soonpyo [email protected] SBS Seo Kyungchae [email protected] Lee Jaeho [email protected] KBS Park Jaewoo [email protected] Yoon Seokgu [email protected] You Sangha [email protected] Japan Tokyo MBC Lim Youngseo [email protected] Kim Seungpil [email protected] SBS Choi Sunho [email protected] YTN Choi Myungsin [email protected] Russia Moscow KBS Yeon Kyusun [email protected] Ko Yeongtae [email protected] KBS Thailland Bangkok Gu Bonguk [email protected] MBC Heo Mooho [email protected] Park Taeseo [email protected] KBS Park Eseudeo [email protected] MBC Lee Unjoo [email protected] New York SBS Park Jinho [email protected] JTBC Lee Sangryul [email protected] YTN Kim Wonbae [email protected] Lee Kangduk [email protected] KBS Kim Sungjin [email protected] Lee Juhan [email protected] Moon Hocheol [email protected] U.S.A MBC Washington D.C. Park Beomsu [email protected] Kim Woosik [email protected] SBS Lee Sungchul [email protected] CBS Im Mihyun [email protected] YTN Wang Seontaek [email protected] KBS Kim Hwanju [email protected] MBC Kim Sungwoo [email protected] LA SBS Park Byungil [email protected] JTBC Bue Sohyun [email protected] YTN Jung Jaehoon [email protected]

80 Appendix 2. Korean Correspondents Overseas Nation City Media Name E-mail United Arab Emirates Dubai KBS Bok Changhyun [email protected] KBS Jung Jihwan [email protected] U.K London MBC Lee Juseung [email protected] YTN Kim Eunggun [email protected]

News Agency

Nation City Media Name E-mail Australia Sydney Yonhap News Agency Jung Yeol [email protected] Belgium Brussels Yonhap News Agency Song Byeongseung [email protected] Brazil São Paulo Yonhap News Agency Kim Jaesoon [email protected] Canada Vancouver Yonhap News Agency Cho Jaeyong [email protected] Kim Dukhyun [email protected] Beijing Yonhap News Agency Lee Junsam [email protected] Hong Jesung [email protected] China Shanghai Yonhap News Agency Han Seungho [email protected] Shenyang Yonhap News Agency Shin Minjae [email protected] Hong Kong Yonhap News Agency Hwang Heekyung [email protected] Egypt Cairo Yonhap News Agency Han Sangyong [email protected] France Paris Yonhap News Agency Park Sungjin [email protected] Germany Berlin Yonhap News Agency Ko Hyungkyu [email protected] Hungary Budapest Yonhap News Agency Yang Taesam [email protected] India New Delhi Yonhap News Agency Na Hwakjin [email protected] Indonesia Jakarta Yonhap News Agency Shin Sungchul [email protected] Kim Yongsu [email protected] Japan Tokyo Yonhap News Agency Cho Junhyung [email protected] Lee Sewon [email protected] Kazakhstan Almaty Yonhap News Agency Kim Hyuntae [email protected] Kenya Nairobi Yonhap News Agency Woo Mankwon [email protected] Mexico Mexico city Yonhap News Agency Lee Dongkyung [email protected] Newzealand Auckland Yonhap News Agency Ko Hansung [email protected] Russia Moscow Yonhap News Agency You Chuljong [email protected] South Africa Johannesburg Yonhap News Agency Ryu Ilhyung [email protected] Sweden Stockholm Yonhap News Agency Yoo Aeri [email protected] Switzerland Geneva Yonhap News Agency Ryu Hyunsung [email protected] Taiwan Taipei Yonhap News Agency Ryu Sungmoo [email protected] Yonhap News Agency Hyun Kyungsuk [email protected] Thailand Bangkok Newsis Park Yoon [email protected] Turkey Istanbul Yonhap News Agency Kim Juneok [email protected]

81 Nation City Media Name E-mail Kim Hwayoung [email protected] Yonhap News Agency Park Sungje [email protected] New York Lee Gangwon [email protected] Newsis No Changhyun [email protected] Dallas Yonhap News Agency Jang Hyungu [email protected] San Francisco Yonhap News Agency Im Hwasub [email protected] Chicago Yonhap News Agency Kim Hyun [email protected] U.S.A Atlanta Yonhap News Agency Kim Jaehyun [email protected] Kang Euiyoung [email protected] Kim Sejin [email protected] Washington D.C. Yonhap News Agency Sim Insung [email protected] Roh Hyodong [email protected] Jang Jaesoon [email protected] LA Yonhap News Agency Kim Jongwoo [email protected] United Arab Emirates Dubai Yonhap News Agency Yoo Hyunmin [email protected] U.K London Yonhap News Agency Kim Taehan [email protected] Vietnam Hanoi Yonhap News Agency Kim Kwonyong [email protected]

Internet Newspaper

Nation City Media Name E-mail U.S.A Chicago Inews 24 Won Eunyeong [email protected]

82 Appendix 2. Korean Correspondents Overseas Appendix 3 Foreign Correspondents in Korea

Nation Media Name E-mail Australia Austalian Broadcasting Corp. Joseph Kim [email protected] Lu Xing Hai [email protected] CCTV Tang Xin [email protected] Chen Meng [email protected] China Radio International An Guang Hao [email protected] Li Xiang [email protected] China TV Jiang Hong [email protected] Han Kyungbang [email protected] Dalian Radio & TV Kong Ming [email protected] Economic Daily Yang Ming [email protected] Gilrim News Jin Jing [email protected] Golden Bridge Li Lei [email protected] Legal Daily Wang Gang [email protected] People's Daily Wan Yu [email protected] Zhang Yue [email protected] China People's Daily Online Zhou Yu Bo [email protected] Bae Junki [email protected] Xue Yan [email protected] Science&Technology Daily Liu Mi [email protected] Shandong Press Lee Hishen [email protected] Gang Ye [email protected] Peng Qian [email protected] Quan, Xiang Lan [email protected] Song Cheng Feng [email protected] Xinhua News Agency Yao Qilin [email protected] Zhang Qing [email protected] Kim Homin [email protected] Park Jinhee [email protected] Yoo Seungki [email protected] Kim Heechul [email protected] EU EPA Jeon Heonkyun [email protected] Giles Hewitt [email protected] Park Chankyong [email protected] France AFP Lim Changwon [email protected] Jung Yeonje [email protected]

83 Nation Media Name E-mail Jung Hawon [email protected] AFP Kim Donghyun [email protected] France Ed Jones [email protected] Int'l NewYork Times Choe Sanghun [email protected] Sipa Press Lee Youngho [email protected] ARD German TV & Radio / Ahn Birnjark [email protected] Wirtschafts Woche DAPD Lee Seokyong [email protected] Dirk Godder [email protected] Germany DPA, German Press Agency Ahn Miyoung [email protected] Spiegel Online Malte E. Kollenberg [email protected] Park Hyeonsun [email protected] ZDF-German TV Shin Nanja [email protected] Eye Press Lee Yongho [email protected] Chang Luo Wen [email protected]/[email protected] Hong Kong Phoenix Satelite TV Min Haeyeon [email protected] RTHK Frank Smith [email protected] Iran Press TV Jennifer Chang [email protected] Akihiko Kaise [email protected] Higashioka Toru Choi Jaewoong [email protected] Asahi Shimbun Hwang Seonjin [email protected] Song Youngmi [email protected] Lee Sungjin [email protected] Dempa Daily Newspaper Kang Duckjoong [email protected] Isobe Seiji [email protected] Konno Daichi [email protected] Taga Mutsuki [email protected] Ahn Jooyoung [email protected] Hwang Samkyu [email protected] Japan Fuji TV Bae Seongjun [email protected] Lee Seunghoon [email protected] Shin Youngjun [email protected] Ko Hyunjung [email protected] Seo Changwook [email protected] Matsumoto Soichi [email protected] Hokkaido Shimbun Oh Eunyoung [email protected] Kenichi Yoshida [email protected] Daisuke Hagihara [email protected] Jiji Press Jang Heejin [email protected] Choi Jihee [email protected] Kyodo News Yoshikatsu Awakura [email protected]

84 Appendix 3. Foreign Correspondents in Korea Nation Media Name E-mail Yasuji Matsumoto [email protected] Song Kyeongseok [email protected] Cho Kyongwook [email protected] Kyodo News Kim Won [email protected] Kam Soyoung [email protected] Kim Minhee [email protected] Woo Sangmee [email protected] Katsumi Sawada [email protected] Mainichi Newspapers Tomoko Okuyama [email protected] Kim Sunhee [email protected] Tsukamoto Soichi [email protected] Yano Shohei [email protected] Kawakami Tsutomu [email protected] Hanazawa Yuichiro [email protected] Lee Jungwoo [email protected] Kim Daeyoung [email protected] Lee Inseok [email protected] NHK Kim Soohung [email protected] Jeon Myeonggyu [email protected] Na Seungchul [email protected] Japan Lim Hyejune [email protected] Jung Myeongho [email protected] Nam Hyunju [email protected] Chung Junwoo [email protected] Kiyoyuki Uchiyama [email protected] Kentaro Ogura [email protected] Nihon Keizai Shimbun Koichi Kato [email protected] Na Kiyoung [email protected] Kong Wonyoung [email protected] Yuichi Udea [email protected] Nishinihon Shimbun Lee Jinwoo [email protected] Hyun Changil [email protected] Sakaguchi Kenji [email protected] Ahn Kyunghee [email protected] NTV Min Jiyoung [email protected] Park Jinjoo [email protected] Choi Yuri [email protected] Sangyo Times Eom Jiahan [email protected] Kato Tatsuya [email protected] Sankei Shimbun Namura Takahiro [email protected] Katsuhiro Kuroda [email protected]

85 Nation Media Name E-mail Sekai Nippo Isami Ueda [email protected] Shin Kwangsoo [email protected] Shogakukan Inc. Kim Jeongyeon [email protected] Shukan Bunshun Park Seungmin [email protected] Yuichi Kubo [email protected] Akiko Ogawa [email protected] Lee Giljae [email protected] Kwak Hyunjung [email protected] TBS Lee Daekyu [email protected] Kim Minwoo [email protected] Kim Euisun [email protected] An Sangkyu [email protected] Nakamura Kiyoshi [email protected] Shimazaki Tsugo [email protected] Tokyo Shimbun Park Jaehyung [email protected] Jung Jiwon [email protected] Japan Tongil Ilbo Lee Minho [email protected] Koji Ohno [email protected] Nishimura Kaori [email protected] Ahn Byungjoon [email protected] TV Asahi Kwak Hyuna [email protected] Kim Jaeyun [email protected] Oh Jooyoun [email protected] Choi Kyongho [email protected] Fukumoto Yuichi [email protected] Kim Heonmoo [email protected] TV Tokyo Byun Chansik [email protected] Lee Sohee [email protected] Toyoura Junichi [email protected] Takayuki Nakagawa [email protected] Yomiuri Shimbun Toshiyuki Yoshida [email protected] Joo Hanju [email protected] Hwang Wonngjae [email protected] Harry Fawcett [email protected] Qatar Aljazeera Network Joel Lawrence [email protected] Kim Musun [email protected] Itar-Tass Vladimir Koutakhov [email protected] Russia Rossiyskaya Gazeta Oleg Kiriyanov [email protected] Rossiyskie Koreitsy Valeri Ogai [email protected] Lim Yunsuk [email protected] Singapore Channel NewsAsia Lim Jaesung [email protected]

86 Appendix 3. Foreign Correspondents in Korea Nation Media Name E-mail Singapore Lian Hezaobao Kang Gwiyoung [email protected] Spain EFE News Agency Atahualpa Amerise [email protected] BCC Wang Chang Wei [email protected] Central News Agency Chiang Yuan Chen [email protected] Taiwan Radio Free Asia Park Songwu [email protected] Taiwan Macroview TV Huang Chun [email protected] TRT Usame Zunbul [email protected] Turkey Cihan News Agency Sinasi Alpago [email protected] Stephan Evans [email protected] BBC News Kim Kevin [email protected] Simon Mundy [email protected] Financial Times Song Junga [email protected] ITN Maeng Jooseok [email protected] Tony Munroe [email protected] James Pearson [email protected] Yoo Choonsik [email protected] Lee Suwan [email protected] Kim Jack Youngsae [email protected] Lee Shinhyung [email protected] Lee Changho [email protected] Lee Jinwon [email protected] Reuters Lee Kyungho [email protected] Lee Jungyoon [email protected] UK Cho Meeyoung [email protected] Jin Hyunjoo [email protected] Park Jumin [email protected] Kim Hongji [email protected] Lee Vincent [email protected] Kim Christine [email protected] Choi Yoonsang [email protected] Kim Dogyun [email protected] Jung Heejung [email protected] Lee Jinwoo [email protected] Reuters TV Lee Hyunyoung [email protected] Lim Sanggyu [email protected] Jung U-jean [email protected] Ham Sanghun [email protected] The Economist Stephanie Studer [email protected] ABACA USA Han Myunggu [email protected] USA Cho Joohee [email protected] ABC News Lee Dongbin [email protected]

87 Nation Media Name E-mail ABC News Chae Seunghoon [email protected] Foster Klug [email protected] Lee Jinman [email protected] AP Ahn Youngjoon [email protected] Kim Hyungjin [email protected] Lee Youkyung [email protected] Kim Yongho [email protected],anddy/[email protected] APTV Kim Hyunah [email protected] Chang Youngjun [email protected] Stuart Biggs [email protected] Han Sangim [email protected] Seo Eunkyung [email protected] Cho Seongjoon [email protected] Kim Cynthia Juyoun [email protected] Bloomberg News Kim Haelyeng Rose [email protected] Park Sungwoo [email protected] Cho Charon [email protected] Lee Jungah [email protected] Kim Hyesung [email protected] Cha Seonjin [email protected]/[email protected] USA CBS Radio News Donald Kirk [email protected] Paula Hancocks [email protected] CNN David Hawley [email protected] Kwon Kijoon [email protected] Alastair Gale [email protected] Nam Insoo [email protected] Dow Jones Newswires Lee Minjeong [email protected] Jun Kwanwoo [email protected] Lim Kyunghee [email protected] East Asia Intel.com Chi Jungnam [email protected] Lee Jongheon [email protected] Getty Images Chung Sungjun [email protected] Mergemarket Lee Danbee [email protected] Yoo Julie H. [email protected] NBC News Edmund Flanagan [email protected] Newsweek Lee Byungjong [email protected] Martin Fackler [email protected] New York Times Lee Suhyun [email protected] Park Wooyoung [email protected] NTD TV Lee Yeonjeong [email protected] Choi Hyunil [email protected]

88 Appendix 3. Foreign Correspondents in Korea Nation Media Name E-mail NTD TV Yang Mineui [email protected] PBS Kim Sunghee Stella [email protected]/[email protected] PharmAsia News(ELSEVIER) Chang Woohyuk [email protected] Polaris Images Ryu Seungil [email protected] PRI's The World Jason Strother [email protected]/www.jasonstrother.com Stars and Stripes Ashley Rowland [email protected] Time Kim Stephen [email protected] UPI Lee Jongheon [email protected] Brian Padden [email protected] Kim Youmi [email protected] Park Byungyong [email protected] Voice of America Kim Hwanyong [email protected] USA Do Sungmin [email protected] Kim Eunjee [email protected] Han Sangmi [email protected] Jonathan Cheng [email protected] Kwaak Jeyup [email protected] Wall Street Journal Woo Jaeyeon [email protected] Lee Minsun [email protected] Han Jeongyeon [email protected] Washington Post Seo Yoonjung [email protected] Washington Times Andrew Salmon [email protected] Weekly Post Shin Sukmin [email protected] Wire Images Han Myunggu [email protected] Nguyen Viet Cuong [email protected] Vietnam Vietnam News Agency Pham Duy Tuyeon [email protected]

89 Appendix 4 Directory

1) Newspapers*

National Newspapers

Estab- Morning/ Media Chairman ZIP code Address Tel. Fax. Domain lishment evening Chosun Daily News Bldg., 52, Chosun Bang 1920. 100-756 Sejong-daero 21gil, Jung-gu, 02-724-5114 02-724-5109 www.chosun.com morning Ilbo Sanghoon 03.05 Seoul Dong-a Daily News, 1, Dong-A Kim 1920. 110-715 Cheonggyecheon-ro, Jongno-gu, 02-2020-0114 02-2020-1249 www.donga.com morning Ilbo Jaeho 04.01 Seoul Hankook 63, Namdaemun-ro, Jung-gu, www.hoonkookilbo. 1954. Ko Nakhyun 100-770 02-724-2114 02-720-2244 morning Ilbo Seoul com 06.09 Jung 6, Hyochangmok-gil, Mapo-gu, 1988. Hankyoreh 121-750 1566-9595 www.hani.co.kr morning Youngmu Seoul 05.15 JoongAng 100, Seosomun-ro, Jung-gu, 1965. Song Pilho 100-814 02-751-5114 02-751-9081 www.joins.com morning Ilbo Seoul 09.22 Kookmin 101, Yeouigongwon-ro, 1988. Choi Samkyu 151-010 02-781-9114 02-781-9230 www.kmib.co.kr morning Daily Yeongdeungpo-gu, Seoul 12.10 Kyunghyang Song 1946. 100-702 3, Jeongdong-gil, Jung-gu, Seoul 02-3701-1114 02-3701-1745 www.khan.co.kr morning Daily News Youngseung 10.06 Munhwa Lee Munhwa Daily News Bldg., 22, 1991. 100-723 02-3701-5114 02-722-8328 www.munhwa.com evening Ilbo Byungkyu Saemunan-ro, Jung-gu, Seoul 11.01 Naeil Jang 43, Saemunan-ro, Jongno-gu, 1993. 110-062 02-2287-2300 02-2287-2310 www.naeil.com evening Shinmun Myunggook Seoul 10.09 Suntower Bldg., 26, Segye 1989. Cho Hankyu 110-062 Gyeonghuigung-gil, Jongno-gu, 02-2000-1462 02-2000-1530 www.segye.com morning Times 02.01 Seoul Seoul Seoul Newspaper Bldg., 124, 1904. Lee Chulhwi 100-745 02-2000-9000 02-2000-9539 www.seoul.co.kr morning Shinmun Sejong-daero, Jung-gu, Seoul 07.18

Local Newspapers

Estab- Morning/ Media Chairman ZIP code Address Tel. Fax. Domain lishment evening Lee 365, Jungang-daero, Dong-gu, 1946. Busan Ilbo 601-738 051-461-4114 051-461-4242 www.busan.com morning Myungkwan Busan 09.10 Daejeon Nam 314, Gyeryong-ro, Seo-gu, 1950. 301-711 042-251-3311 042-538-0573 www.daejonilbo.com morning Ilbo Sanghyun Daejeon 11.11 Gwangju 238, Kumnam-ro, Dong-gu, 1952. Kim Yeosong 501-711 062-222-8111 062-222-8005 www.Kwangju.co.kr morning Ilbo Gwangju 4.20

90 Appendix 4. Directory Estab- Morning/ Media Chairman ZIP code Address Tel. Fax. Domain lishment evening 3, Jungang-daero 210beon-gil, Gyeongnam Nam 1946. 641-701 Uichang-gu, Changwon-si, 055-210-6000 055-210-6169 www.knnews.co.kr morning Shinmun Youngman 03.01 Gyeongsangnam-do Jeonnam 1988. Lee Jaewook 500-758 324, Jebong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 062-527-0015 062-510-0436 www.jnilbo.com morning Ilbo 07.19 Kangwon Gangwonilbo, 23, Jungang-ro, 1945. Lee Heejong 200-705 033-258-1000 033-242-4882 www.kwnews.co.kr morning Ilbo Chuncheon-si, Gangwon-do 10.24 Kookje Daily 1217, Jungang-daero, Yeonje-gu, 1947. Lee Jungsub 611-702 051-500-5114 051-500-5019 www.kookje.co.kr morning News Busan 09.01 Kyeongin Song 299, Hyowon-ro, Paldal-gu, 1945. 442-702 031-231-5114 031-231-5234 www.kyeongin.com morning Ilbo Kwangseok Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do 09.01 Maeil Yeo 1946. 700-715 20, Seoseong-ro, Jung-gu, Daegu 053-255-5001 053-255-7889 www.imaeil.com morning Shinmun Changhwan 03.01 Yeongnam 441, Dongdaegu-ro, Dong-gu, www.yeongnam. 1945. Son Inlak 701-750 053-757-5114 053-756-9009 morning Ilbo Daegu com 10.11

Financial Newspapers

Estab- Morning/ Media Chairman ZIP code Address Tel. Fax. Domain lishment evening Asia 10~11F., Asiamedia Tower, 29, 1988. Economic Lee SeaJung 100-300 02-2200-2114 02-2200-2115 www.asiae.co.kr evening Chungmu-ro, Jung-gu, Seoul 06.15 Daily 2000. E Daily Kwak Jaesun 100-725 48, Sogong-ro, Jung-gu, Seoul 02-3772-0114 02-3772-0222 www.edaily.co.kr morning 03.28 Herald Lee 10, Huam-ro 4-gil, Yongsan-gu, 1973. 140-190 02-727-0114 02-727-0660 www.heraldbiz.com evening Business Youngman Seoul 12.21 Maeil Jang 1966. Business 100-728 190, Toegye-ro, Jung-gu, Seoul 02-2000-2114 02-2000-2422 www.mk.co.kr morning Daehwan 03.24 Newspaper Money Hong 11, Cheonggyecheon-ro, 2001. 110-726 02-724-7700 02-724-7729 www.mt.co.kr morning Today sunkeun Jongno-gu, Seoul 06.19 Seoul Lee 81, Tongil-ro, Seodaemun-gu, 1960. Economic 120-020 02-724-2200 02-724-2283 www.sedaily.com morning Jonghwan Seoul 08.01 Daily The 81, Yeouinaru-ro, 2000. Financial Jeon Jaeho 150-877 02-2003-7114 02-2003-7111 www.fnnews.com morning Yeongdeungpo-gu, Seoul 06.23 News The Korea 10F., 463, Cheongpa-ro, Jung-gu, 1964. Economic Kim Kiwoong 100-791 02-360-4114 02-312-6810 www.hankyung.com morning Seoul 10.12 Daily

Sports Newspapers

Estab- Morning/ Media Chairman ZIP code Address Tel. Fax. Domain lishment evening IS Ilgan Jung 21F., DMCC Bldg., 48-6, 1969. 121-904 02-2031-1111 02-2031-1188 isplus.joins.com morning Sports Kyungmoon Sangamsan-ro, Mapo-gu, Seoul 09.26 Bang Sports 20F, 233-1, Mokdongdong-ro, www.sportschosun. 1990. Sunghoon/ 158-781 02-3219-8114 02-3219-8482 morning Chosun Yangcheon-gu, Seoul com 03.21 Bang Junsik Sports Kim 775, Gyeongin-ro, www.sportsseoul. 1985. 150-972 02-2001-0021 02-2001-0069 morning Seoul Kwangrae Yeongdeungpo-gu, Seoul com 06.22

91 Foreign Language Newspapers

Estab- Morning/ Media Chairman ZIP code Address Tel. Fax. Domain lishment evening Korea 2F, 100, Seosomun-ro, Jung-gu, joongangdaily.joins. 2000. JoongAng Song Pilho 100-814 02-2031-1291 02-2031-1288 morning Seoul com 10.17 Daily The Korea 10, Huam-ro 4-gil, Yongsan-gu, www.koreaherald. 1953. Lee Yongman 140-190 02-727-0114 02-727-0660 morning Herald Seoul co.kr 08.15 The Korea Park 8F., Imgwang Bldg., 81, Tongil-ro, 1950. 120-705 02-724-2359 02-736-4061 www.ktimes.co.kr morning Times Moojong Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 11.01

IT Newspapers

First Morning/ Media Chairman ZIP code Address Tel. Fax. Domain Issue evening Digital Cho 2000. 100-723 22, Saemunan-ro, Jung-gu, Seoul 02-3701-5500 02-3701-5330 www.dt.co.kr morning Times Myungsik 03.03 The 51, Beodeunaru-ro 12ga-gil, 1982. Electronic Koo Wonmo 150-901 02-2168-9200 02-2675-9204 www.etnews.co.kr morning Yeongdeungpo-gu, Seoul 09.22 Times

Free Newspapers

First Morning/ Media Chairman ZIP code Address Tel. Fax. Domain Issue evening Nam 9, Gyeonghuigung-gil, Jongno-gu, www.metroseoul. 2002. Metro 110-062 02-721-9800 02-730-2100 morning Goongho Seoul co.kr 05.31 * The Newspapers in the list above are posted on Financial Supervisory Service(except for Foreign Language Newspapers)

News Agencies

Media Chairman ZIP code Address Tel. Fax. Domain Establishment Yonhap News Song 25, Yulgok-ro 2-gil, Jongno-gu, www.yonhapnews. 110-140 02-398-3114 02-738-0820 1980.12.19 Agency Hyunseung Seoul co.kr Newsis Kim Hyunho 100-705 173, Toegye-ro, Jung-gu, Seoul 02-721-7400 02-721-7488 www.newsis.com 2001.09.06 Hong News1 110-702 47, Jong-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 02-397-7000 02-397-7009 www.news1.kr 2011.04.07 Sunkeun

92 Appendix 4. Directory 2) Broadcasters

Public Broadcasting

Media Chairman ZIP code Address Tel. Fax. Domain Establishment 13, Yeouigongwon-ro, KBS Cho Daehyun 150-790 02-781-1000 02-781-2530 www.kbs.co.kr 1926.11.30 Yeongdeungpo-gu, Seoul Kwon 27, Gamnamu 3-gil, Andong-si, KBS Andong 760-790 054-850-7100 054-850-7399 andong.kbs.co.kr 1976.04.09 Youngtae Gyeongsangbuk-do KBS Busan Cho Hanje 613-790 429, Suyeong-ro, Suyeong-gu, Busan 051-620-7100 051-629-7139 busan.kbs.co.kr 1935.09.21 178, Jungang-daero, Changwon, KBS Changwon Eun Monki 641-790 055-280-7100 055-280-7499 changwon.kbs.co.kr 1942.02.20 Gyeongsangnam-do Kang 1428, Seobu-ro, Heungdeok-gu, KBS Cheongju 361-790 043-260-7100 043-260-7298 cheongju.kbs.co.kr 1645.06.16 Youngwon Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do KBS Kim 109, Bangsong-gil, Chuncheon-si, 200-717 033-258-7100 033-258-7118 chunchon.kbs.co.kr 1944.12.20 Chuncheon Myunghwan Gangwon-do 3448, Jungwon-daero, Uichang-gu, KBS Chungju Park Sangsub 380-956 043-840-7100 043-840-7299 chungju.kbs.co.kr 1962.05.15 Chungju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do 30, Dalgubeol-daero 496-gil, KBS Daegu Kim Duckgi 706-741 053-757-7100 053-757-7197 daegu.kbs.co.kr 1939.04.19 Suseong-gu, Daegu Park 128, Dunsan-daero 117beon-gil, KBS Daejeon 302-790 042-470-7100 042-470-7699 daejeon.kbs.co.kr 1943.07.15 Sanghyun Seo-gu, Daejeon KBS 13, Imnyeong-ro 131beon-gil, Kim Inyoung 210-070 033-640-7100 033-640-7119 gangneung.kbs.co.kr 1941.12.06 Gangneung Gangneung-si, Gangwon-do KBS Gwangju Hong Giseob 502-790 287, Uncheon-ro, Seo-gu, Gwangju 062-610-7100 033-610-7799 gwangju.kbs.co.kr 1942.03.21 KBS Jeju Jeon Boksoo 690-739 104, Sin-daero, Jeju-si, Jeju-do 064-740-7100 064-740-7199 jeju.kbs.co.kr 1950.09.10 30, Majeonjungang-ro, Wansan-gu, KBS Jeonju Seo Hyunchul 560-901 063-270-7100 063-270-7129 jeonju.kbs.co.kr 1938.10.01 Jeonju-si, Jeollabuk-do 85, Sinan-ro, Jinju-si, KBS Jinju Kim Kido 660-790 055-740-7100 055-740-7499 jinju.kbs.co.kr 1976.04.01 Gyeongsangnam-do 221, Yangeul-ro, Mokpo-si, KBS Mokpo Kang Donggu 530-360 061-270-7100 061-270-7399 mokpo.kbs.co.kr 1942.11.01 Jeollanam-do 72, Jungseom-ro, Nam-gu, KBS Pohang Song Daewon 790-790 054-280-7100 054-280-7299 pohang.kbs.co.kr 1961.06.22 Pohang-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do 250, Jungang-ro, Suncheon-si, KBS Suncheon Gwak Jaewoo 540-949 061-750-7100 061-750-7399 suncheon.kbs.co.kr 1976.07.01 Jeollanam-do Sung KBS Ulsan 680-790 212, Beonyeong-ro, Nam-gu, Ulsan 052-270-7100 052-270-7299 ulsan.kbs.co.kr 1984.12.16 Changkyung KBS Wonju Park Kiwan 220-060 37, Wonil-ro, Wonju-si, Gangwon-do 033-760-7100 033-760-7499 wonju.kbs.co.kr 1964.09.01 Ahn MBC 121-904 267, Seongam-ro, Mapo-gu, Seoul 02-780-0011 02-784-0880 www.imbc.co.kr 1961.12.02 Gwanghan 20, Danwon-ro, Andong-si, www.andongmbc. Andong MBC Kim Sangchul 760-290 054-851-7114 054-854-3400 1970.09.12 Gyeongsangbuk-do co.kr 69, Gampo-ro 8beon-gil, www.busanmbc. Busan MBC Moon Chulho 613-728 051-760-1000 051-761-2162 1959.04.15 Suyeong-gu, Busan co.kr MBC Gyeongnam Hwang 13, Gaho-ro, Jinju-si, 1968.05.31/ (The former 660-728 055-771-2113 055-757-2109 www.mbcgn.kr Yonggu Gyeongsangnam-do 2011.09.01 Changwon MBC)

93 Media Chairman ZIP code Address Tel. Fax. Domain Establishment 1322, 2sunhwan-ro, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju MBC Lee Yongseok 351-855 043-229-7070 043-239-7827 www.mbccj.co.kr 1970.10.23 Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do Chuncheon Kim 54, Subyeongongwon-gil, 200-718 033-259-1215 033-254-6400 www.chmbc.co.kr 1968.07.13 MBC Jaehyung Chuncheon-si, Gangwon-do 3250, Jungwon-daero, Chungju-si, Chungju MBC Lee Yongseok 380-728 043-841-8114 043-841-8199 www.cjmbc.co.kr 1970.11.12 Chungcheongbuk-do Kim 400, Dongdaegu-ro, Suseong-gu, Daegu MBC 706-728 053-740-9500 053-740-9756 www.dgmbc.com 1963.08.08 Hwanyeol Daegu Daejeon MBC Kim Changok 305-740 161, Expo-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 042-330-3114 042-330-3700 www.tjmbc.co.kr 1964.09.26 Gangneung 267, Gajak-ro, Gangneung-si, Ahn Woojung 210-112 033-650-2114 033-650-2147 www.gnmbc.co.kr 1968.06.22 MBC Gangwon-do Choi 17, Wolsan-ro 116beon-gil, Nam-gu, Gwangju MBC 503-728 062-360-2000 062-360-2155 www.kjmbc.co.kr 1964.06.13 Youngjun Gwangju Jeju MBC Choi Jinyong 690-170 35, Munyeon-ro, Jeju-si, Jeju-do 064-740-2114 064-746-9020 www.jejumbc.co.kr 1968.09.14 50, Seonneomeo 1-gil, Wansan-gu, Jeonju MBC Jeon Sungjin 560-728 063-220-8000 063-226-1363 www.jmbc.co.kr 1971.04.23 Jeonju-si, Jeollabuk-do 334, Yeongsan-ro, Mokpo-si, www.mokpombc. Mokpo MBC Lee Jangseok 530-728 061-270-9000 061-270-9209 1968.08.17 Jeollanam-do co.kr 421, Saecheonnyeon-daero, Lee Pohang MBC 790-728 Nam-gu, Pohang-si, 054-289-0114 054-272-2117 www.phmbc.co.kr 1971.10.01 Woocheol Gyeongsangbuk-do Samcheok 629-59, Saecheonnyeondo-ro, Ahn Woojung 245-712 033-571-3114 033-571-3155 www.scmbc.co.kr 1971.04.10 MBC Samcheok-si, Gangwon-do Hwang Ulsan MBC 681-180 65, Seowon 3-gil, Jung-gu, Ulsan 052-290-1114 052-290-1117 www.usmbc.co.kr 1968.04.10 Chulsoon 67, Hakseong-gil, Wonju-si, Wonju MBC Go Minchul 220-716 033-741-8114 033-741-8149 www.wjmbc.co.kr 1970.09.19 Gangwon-do Yun 135, Munsu-ro, Yeosu-si, Yeosu MBC 550-728 061-650-3333 061-652-8506 www.ysmbc.co.kr 1970.08.27 Youngwook Jeollanam-do Korea Educational 35, Baumoe-ro 1-gil, Seocho-gu, Shin Yongsup 137-791 02-526-2000 02-526-3855 www.ebs.co.kr 1990.12.27 Broadcasting Seoul System(EBS)

Private Broadcasting

Media Chairman ZIP code Address Tel. Fax. Domain Establishment Lee 920, Mok 1-dong, Yangcheon-gu, SBS 158-725 02-2061-0006 02-2113-3169 www.sbs.co.kr 1990.11.14 Woongmo Seoul G1(The former Gangwon Tele- Kim 274, Soyanggang-ro, Dong-myeon, 200-719 033-248-5000 033-248-5130 www.g1tv.co.kr 2001.12.15 vision Broad- Youngchul Chuncheon-si, Gangwon-do casting, GTB) Gyeonggi 111, Maeyeong-ro 345beon-gil, Broadcasting Kim Bangja 443-810 Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si, 031-210-0999 031-210-0919 www.kfm.co.kr 1997.12.02 (KFM) Gyeonggi-do Kyung-In Min 7, Aam-daero 287beon-gil, 402-773 032-830-1000 032-830-1812 www.ifm.kr 1997.10.11 Broadcasting Byungwoo Nam-gu, Incheon Kwangju Broadcasting Yang 503-707 87, Joongang-ro, Nam-gu, Gwangju 062-650-3114 062-673-3352 www.ikbc.co.kr 1995.05.14 Corporation Chulhoon (KBC)

94 Appendix 4. Directory Media Chairman ZIP code Address Tel. Fax. Domain Establishment Taegu Broadcasting 23, Dongdaegu-ro, Suseong-gu, Kim Jeonggil 706-704 053-760-1900 053-760-1888 www.tbc.co.kr 1995.05.14 Corporation Daegu (TBC) Taejon Broadcasting Lee Wangdon 305-780 131, Expo-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 042-281-1101 042-284-5444 www.tjb.co.kr 1995.05.14 Company (TJB) Ulsan Broadcasting Lee 681-200 41, Gugyo-ro, Jung-gu, Ulsan 052-228-6100 052-228-6145 www.ubc.co.kr 1997.09.01 Corporation Sang-yong (UBC) Jeonju Television 1083, Jungyeorip-ro, Deokjin-gu, Shin Hyokyun 561-350 063-250-5200 063-250-5249 www.jtv.co.kr 1997.09.27 Corporation Jeonju-si, Jeollabuk-do (JTV) Jeju Free International City Broadcast- Kim Yangsoo 690-740 95, Yeonsam-ro, Jeju-si, Jeju-do 064-740-7800 064-740-7859 www.jibstv.com 2002.05.31 ing System (JIBS) Cheongju Lee 59-1, Saun-ro, Heungdeok-gu, Broadcasting 362-100 043-265-7000 043-265-7012 www.cjb.co.kr 1997.10.18 Dooyoung Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do (CJB) Korea New Kim 30, Centum seo-ro, Haeundae-gu, 612-912 051-850-9000 070-4275-0505 www.knn.co.kr 1995.05.14 Network(KNN) Seokhwan Busan OBS Kyung-In 233, Ojeong-ro, Ojeong-gu, Yun Seungjin 421-814 032-670-5000 032-670-5199 www.obs.co.kr 2007.12.28 TV Bucheon-si, Gyeonggi-do

Special Broadcasting

Media Chairman ZIP code Address Tel. Fax. Domain Establishment BBS (Buddhist Lee Chaewon 121-714 20, Mapo-daero, Mapo-gu, Seoul 02-705-5114 02-705-5229 www.bbsi.co.kr 1990.05.01 Broadcasting System) CBS (Christian 159-1, Mokdongseo-ro, Lee Jaechun 158-701 02-2650-7000 02-2654-2457 www.cbs.co.kr 1954.12.15 Broadcasting Yangcheon-gu, Seoul System) Korea International Arirang Tower, 2351, Broadcasting Bang Seokho 137-868 Nambusunhwan-ro, Seocho-gu, 02-3475-5000 02-3475-5006 www.arirang.co.kr 1996.04.10 Foundation Seoul (Arirang) PBS TV (Pyeonghwa Ahn 1995.03.01 100-031 330, Samil-daero, Jung-gu, Seoul 02-2270-2114 02-2270-2210 www.pbc.co.kr Broadcasting Byeongchul FM Corporation) 1990.04.15 TBN(Traffic Broadcasting Song Jaejong 100-789 407, Wangsimni-ro, Jung-gu, Seoul 02-2230-6114 02-2230-6269 www.tbn.or.kr 1997.12.20 System) TBS (Seoul Traffic Sung 100-250 36, Toegye-ro 26-gil, Jung-gu, Seoul 02-311-5114 02-311-5229 www.tbs.seoul.kr 1990.06.11 Broadcasting Kyunghwan System)

95 Media Chairman ZIP code Address Tel. Fax. Domain Establishment WBS (Won Buddhism 75, Hyeonchung-ro, Dongjak-gu, Lee Hyunsuk 156-856 02-2102-7700 02-2102-7722 www.wbsfm.co.kr 1998.11.30 Broadcasting Seoul System) YTN FM Bae Seokkyu 100-800 17, Sejong-daero, Jung-gu, Seoul 02-398-8000 02-398-8029 www.ytnradio.kr 2007.11.01

Comprehensive Programming Broadcating & News Broadcasting

Media Chairman ZIP code Address Tel. Fax. Domain Establishment 1, Cheonggyecheon-ro, Jongno-gu, Channel A Kim Jaeho 110-715 02-2020-3114 02-2020-2719 www.ichannela.com 2011.12.01 Seoul JTBC Kim Sugil 100-759 88, Seosomun-ro, Jung-gu, Seoul 02-751-6000 02-751-6076 www.jtbc.co.kr 2011.12.01 Jang MBN 100-728 190, Toegye-ro, Jung-gu, Seoul 02-2000-3114 02-2000-3098 mbn.co.kr 1995.03.01 Daehwan 33, Sejong-daero 21-gil, Jung-gu, TV Chosun Oh Jichul 100-101 02-1661-0190 02-2180-1999 tv.chosun.com 2011.12.01 Seoul News Y(Yonhap Song 110-140 25, Yulgok-ro 2-gil, Jongno-gu, Seoul 02-398-7800 02-398-4499 www.news-y.co.kr 2011.12.01 News TV) Hyunseung YTN Bae Seokkyu 121-904 76, Sangamsan-ro, Mapo-gu, Seoul 02-398-8000 02-398-8869 www.ytn.co.kr 1995.03.01

3) Internet Newspapers*

Independent Internet newspapers**

Media Chairman ZIP code Address Tel. Fax. Domain Establishment Baek 17, Hangang-daero 7-gil, Yongsan- Able News 140-880 02-792-7785 02-792-7786 www.ablenews.co.kr 2002.12.01 Jonghwan gu, Seoul Hwang 3F., 52-20, Yeonhui-ro, Seodaemun- CNB News 120-830 02-396-3733 02-396-7330 www.cnbnews.com 2004.11.01 Yongchul gu, Seoul 583, Yangcheon-ro, Gangseo-gu, Dailian Min Byungho 157-779 02-714-0770 02-714-2969 www.dailian.co.kr 2004.04.01 Seoul Health Korea 2F., 5, World cup-ro 10-gil, Mapo-gu, Im Doyi 121-896 02-364-2002 02-364-2501 www.hkn24.com 2007.03.02 News Seoul 3~4F., 101, Dongmak-ro, Mapo-gu, INews 24 Lee Changho 121-828 02-3347-114 02-3347-594 www.inews24.com 2000.03.20 Seoul Kim 38, Seolleung-ro 90-gil, Gangnam- Medical Today 135-839 02-561-4494 02-554-9597 www.mdtoday.co.kr 2006.02.01 Sang-won gu, Seoul 5F., 89-20, Seosomun-ro, Jung-gu, New Daily In Bogil 100-120 02-6919-7011 02-702-2079 www.newdaily.co.kr 2005.12.05 Seoul Min 9F., 70, Gukjegeumyung-ro, Yeong- Newspim 150-733 02-319-4401 02-319-4406 www.newspim.com 2003.04.26 Byungbok deungpo-gu, Seoul 18F, 396, World cup buk-ro, Mapo- www.ohmynews. Oh My News Oh Yeonho 121-795 02-733-5505 02-733-5077 2000.02.22 gu, Seoul com Kim 149, Yangpyeong-ro, Yeongdeungpo- Poli News 150-105 02-780-4392 02-780-4395 www.polinews.co.kr 2000.08.03 Neung-gu gu, Seoul

96 Appendix 4. Directory Media Chairman ZIP code Address Tel. Fax. Domain Establishment 49, Yanghwa-ro 10-gil, Mapo-gu, Pressian Park Inkyu 121-840 02-722-8494 02-6008-8400 www.pressian.com 2001.07.01 Seoul The Counsum- 77, Seongsuil-ro, Seongdong-gu, www.consum- Yoo Taehyun 133-822 02-6965-7755 02-6965-7751 2006.10.10 er News Seoul ernews.co.kr The Financial and Economic Ahn Jaejin 137-894 4F, 10, Mabang-ro, Seocho-gu, Seoul 02-571-7180 02-6008-9971 www.jkn.co.kr 2006.03.27 News The Prime Lee 9, Yeouidaebang-ro 67-gil, Yeong- www.newsprime. 150-890 02-761-6114 02-761-6163 2005.10.01 Economy Daily Seungchan deungpo-gu, Seoul co.kr 070-7431- www.todaykorea. Today Korea Kim Hak 137-831 200, Bangbae-ro, Seocho-gu, Seoul 02-534-0456 2006.08.15 5115 co.kr Yoon 11.F, 469, Samil-daero, Jongno-gu, Voice of People 110-310 02-723-4266 02-723-5869 www.vop.co.kr 2000.05.10 Wonseok Seoul Kim ZdnetKorea 121-894 111, Yanghwa-ro, Mapo-gu, Seoul 02-3300-100 02-566-4468 www.zdnet.co.kr 2000.05.20 Kyungmuk

Dependent Internet newspaper***

Media Chairman ZIP code Address Tel. Fax. Domain Establishment Digital Chosun 52, Sejong-daero 21-gil, Jung-gu, Ilbo(Chosun Kim Chan 100-101 02-3701-2114 02-3701-2999 www.chosun.com 1995.10.02 Seoul Ilbo's website) Dong-A.com 7F., 29, Chungjeong-ro, (Dong-A Ilbo's Kim Ilheung 120-715 02-360-0400 02-360-0309 www.donga.com 1996.11.01 Seodaemun-gu, Seoul website) Etnews(The Electronic 701, 123, Gasan digital 2-ro, Gu Wonmo 153-759 02-857-0114 02-857-0126 www.etnews.com 2000.04.10 Times's Geumcheon-gu, Seoul website) Hankooki.com Cho (Hankook Ilbo's 100-861 308, Samil-daero, Jung-gu, Seoul 02-6388-8000 02-6388-8099 www.hankooki.com 2000.02.03 Sanghyun website) Hankyoreh Jung (Hankyoreh's 121-750 6, Hyochangmok-gil, Mapo-gu, Seoul 02-710-0114 www.hani.co.kr 1996.04.27 Youngmu website) Hankyung.com (The Korea Hwang 10F., 463, Cheongpa-ro, Jung-gu, 100-791 02-3277-9900 02-392-8773 www.hankyung.com 1999.11.01 Economic Jaewhal Seoul Daily's website) Joins.com (JoongAng Song Pilho 100-814 100, Seosomun-ro, Jung-gu, Seoul 02-2108-3430 www.joins.com 1999.09 Ilbo's website) Kukinews Byun 7F., 400, World cup buk-ro, Mapo-gu, (Kookmin 121-904 02-3153-4434 02-3153-4444 www.kukinews.com 2004.10.13 Jaewoon Seoul Daily's website) Kyunghyang. com Song (Kyunghyang 100-702 3, Jeongdong-gil, Jung-gu, Seoul 02-3701-1114 02-3701-1745 www.khan.co.kr 2010.12 Youngseung Daily News's website) Maekyoung. com(Maeil Jang Business 100-728 8F., 190, Toegye-ro, Jung-gu, Seoul 02-2000-5400 02-2000-5425 www.mk.co.kr 1999.11.01 Daehwan Newspaper's website)

97 Media Chairman ZIP code Address Tel. Fax. Domain Establishment Segye.com 26, Gyeonghuigung-gil, Jongno-gu, (Segye Times's Cho Hankyu 153-803 02-2000-1234 02-2000-1349 www.segye.com 2002.04.01 Seoul website) Seoul Shinmun Seoul Newspaper Bldg., (Seoul Shin- Lee Donghwa 100-745 02-2000-9621 02-2000-9539 www.seoul.co.kr Taepyeongno 1-ga, Jung-gu, Seoul mun's website) * Internet newspapers are newspapers that exist on the Internet. There are the types of Internet newspapers, dependent Internet newspapers and independent Internet newspapers. ** Independent Internet newspapers are newspapers that exist on the Internet except for dependent Internet newspapers. *** Dependent Internet newspaper is a newspaper that exist on the Internet as an Internet version of a printed newspaper. **** The Internet Newspapers in the list above are referred from 「2014~2015 Korean Journalists」 or the members of KONA(Korea Online Newspaper Association)

4) Media Organizations

Public Institutions

Organization Chairman ZIP code Address Tel. Fax. Domain Establishment Foundation for Chmn. Kim 6F, 20, Gukjegeumyung-ro, 150-877 02-780-2491 02-780-2496 www.fbc.or.kr 1988.12.31 Broadcast Culture Munhwan Yeongdeungpo-gu, Seoul Internet Newspa- Chmn. Bang 24, Bangullae-ro 9-gil, Mapo-gu, 121-826 02-3143-5610 02-3143-5612 inc.or.kr 2012.12.26 per Committee Jaehong Seoul Korea Broadcast- Pres. Kwak ing Advertising 100-750 124, Sejong-daero, Jung-gu, Seoul 02-731-7114 02-731-7110 www.kobaco.co.kr 2012.05.23 Sungmoon Corporation Korea Communi- Chmn. Park 233, Mokdongdong-ro, cations Standards 158-715 02-3219-5114 02-3219-5039 www.kocsc.or.kr 2008.05.14 Hyojong Yangcheon-gu, Seoul Commission Korea Creative Pres. Song 35, Gyoyuk-gil, Naju-si, 520-350 1566-1114 061-900-6015 www.kocca.kr 2009.05.01 Content Agency Sunggak Jeollanam-do Korea Media Rating Chmn. Park 39, Centum seo-ro, Haeundae-gu, 612-020 051-990-7200 051-991-7200 www.kmrb.or.kr 1966.01.27 Board Sunyi Busan www.kpf.or.kr Korea Press Chmn. Kim 100-750 124, Sejong-daero, Jung-gu, Seoul 02-2001-7114 02-2001-7720 www.mediagaon. 2010.02.01 Foundation Byungho or.kr Korean Press Chmn. Lee 1305, 124, Sejong-daero, Jung-gu, 100-750 02-734-3081 02-720-1176 www.ikpec.or.kr 1961.09.12 Ethics Commission Myungkwan Seoul Local Press Chmn. Woo 100-750 124, Sejong-daero, Jung-gu, Seoul 02-2001-7821 02-2001-7820 www.cln.or.kr 2004.11.8 Commission Byungdong News Agency Pro- Chmn. Oh 11F, Taeyoung Bldg., 144, 121-717 02-734-4813 02-734-4816 www.konac.or.kr 2005.11.16 motion Foundation Chulho Mapo-daero, Mapo-gu, Seoul Press Arbitration Chmn. Park 15F, 124, Sejong-daero, Jung-gu, 100-750 02-397-3114 02-397-3089 www.pac.or.kr 1981.03.31 Commission Youngsang Seoul Publication Pres. Lee 4F, 154, Geumnanghwa-ro, Industry Promotion 157-857 02-2669-0700 02-2669-0759 www.kpipa.or.kr 2012.07.27 Jaeho Gangseo-gu, Seoul Agency of Korea

98 Appendix 4. Directory Media Associations

Organization Chairman ZIP code Address Tel. Fax. Domain Establishment Association of 401, Janghan Bldg., 139, Chmn. Kim National Local 150-804 Dangsan-ro, Yeongdeungpo-gu, 02-2632-1260 02-2672-1261 www.anln.org 2003.06.09 Yongsuk Newspapers Seoul 4F, Handok media Graduate Univ., Corea Drama Pro- Chmn. Park 157-030 99, Hwagok-ro 61-gil, Gangseo-gu, 02-554-1448 02-554-1475 www.codatv.or.kr 2006.09.01 duction Association Changsik Seoul Korea Advertisers Chmn. Lee 44F, 24, Yeoui-daero, 150-881 02-2055-4000 02-780-2391 www.kaa.or.kr 1988.09.30 Association Jeongchi Yeongdeungpo-gu, Seoul Korea Audit Bureau Chmn. Lee 9F, 137 Olympic-ro 35-gil, 138-921 02-783-4983 02-782-5889 www.kabc.or.kr 1989.05.31 of Circulations Sungjun Songpa-gu, Seoul Korea Business Chmn. Kim 10F, Chunsoo Bldg, 67, Supyo-ro, Journalism 110-230 02-2273-3003 02-2273-2332 www.sabo.or.kr 1988.10.10 Heungki Jung-gu, Seoul Association Korea Digital News Pres. Jung www.newskorea. 500-758 324 Jebong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 062-510-0370 062-510-3320 2006.04.21 Association Youngmu or.kr Korea Electronic Chmn. Lee 3/4F, 173, Hoedong-gil, Paju-si, Publishing 413-120 031-955-0041 031-955-0045 www.kepa.or.kr 1992.02 Sangwoon Gyeonggi-do Association Korea Federation Chmn. Lee 9F., 137 Olympic-ro 35-gil, of Advertising 138-921 02-2144-0750 02-2144-0759 www.adic.co.kr 1971.07.26 Soondong Songpa-gu, Seoul Association Korea Independent Chmn. An 233, Mokdongdong-ro, Productions 158-050 02-3219-5645 02-3219-5649 www.kipa21.com 1996.11.11 Sungju Yangcheon-gu, Seoul Association Korea Internet Chmn. Byun 1402, 43, Yeouiseo-ro, 150-746 02-720-8828 02-720-8838 2007.02.10 Media Association Heejae Yeongdeungpo-gu, Seoul Korea Internet Chmn. Lee 3F, 101, Dongmak-ro, Mapo-gu, Newspaper 121-828 02-730-7748 02-3143-5612 www.kina.or.kr 2001.10.28 Changho Seoul Association Korea Living Infor- Chmn. Yang 408, 128, Geumnanghwa-ro, mation Newspaper 157-857 02-730-8725 02-730-8726 www.koina.or.kr 1995.06.15 Seonil Gangseo-gu, Seoul Association Korea Local News- Chmn. Song 299, Hyowon-ro, Paldal-gu, 442-702 031-231-5114 031-231-5234 www.kyeongin.com 2003.03.05 paper Association Kwangseok Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do Chmn. Nam- Korea Magazine 4F, 11, Yeouidaebang-ro 67-gil, www.magazine. gung Young- 150-890 02-3600-000 02-3600-009 1962.10.26 Association Yeongdeungpo-gu, Seoul or.kr hun Korea Mass Media Chmn. Kim 10F, 379, Yeouidaebang-ro, 150-890 02-780-4113 02-785-4113 www.bnman.com 2009.02.01 Union Yunjae Yeongdeungpo-gu, Seoul Korea Online Pres. Kim 7F, 29, Chungjeong-ro, Newspaper 120-715 02-360-0345 02-360-0329 www.kona.or.kr 1998.12.01 Ilheung Seodaemun-gu, Seoul Association Korea Specialized Chmn. Lee 3F., Haenam Bldg., 5, Newspapers 121-847 02-334-7251 02-334-7279 www.kosna.or.kr 1964.11.20 Duksoo Seongmisan-ro, Mapo-gu, Seoul Association Korean Association Pres. Song 13F, 124, Sejong-daero, Jung-gu, www.presskorea. 100-750 02-733-2251 02-720-3291 1957.06.29 of Newspapers Pilho Seoul or.kr Korean Broadcast- Chmn. Ahn 13F., 233, Mokdongdong-ro, 158-715 02-3219-5560 02-3219-5570 www.kba.or.kr 1974.02.01 ers Association Kwanghan Yangcheon-gu, Seoul Korean Cable Tele- Chmn. Yang 5F, 21, Seosomun-ro, 120-723 02-735-6511 02-735-6514 www.kcta.or.kr 1994.04.20 vision Association Hwiboo Seodaemun-gu, Seoul Korean Publishers Chmn. Ko 6, Samcheong-ro, Jongno-gu, 110-190 070-7126-4720 02-738-5414 www.kpa21.or.kr 1947.03.15 Association Youngsoo Seoul

99 Organization Chairman ZIP code Address Tel. Fax. Domain Establishment National Associa- Chmn. Kim 22, Huseok-ro 462-gil, tion of Provincial 200-707 033-260-9005 033-241-7210 2003.03.25 Jingseok Chuncheon-si, Gangwon-do Newspapers

Journalists' Associations

Organization Chairman ZIP code Address Tel. Fax. Domain Establishment Association of Ko- Chmn. Seong 1008, 30, Gukjegeumyung-ro 6-gil, 150-885 02-3775-3733 02-3775-3790 www.akj21.org 2000.01.25 rean Journalists Daeseok Yeongdeungpo-gu, Seoul Broadcasting Pro- Chmn. Park 15F., 233, Mokdongdong-ro, ducers & Directors 158-715 02-3219-5611 02-2643-6416 www.kpda.co 1987.09.05 Gunsik Yangcheon-gu, Seoul Association Journalists Asso- Pres. Park 1303, 124, Sejong-daero, Jung-gu, www.journalist. 100-750 02-734-9321 02-738-1003 1964.08.17 ciation of Korea Jongryul Seoul or.kr Journalists Chmn. Lee 1402, 124, Sejong-daero, Jung-gu, Association of 100-750 02-732-7367 02-723-8755 www.malgeul.net 1975.10.17 Kyungwoo Seoul Korean Language Journalists Fed- Pres. Lee 813, 43, Yeouiseo-ro, 150-746 02-782-4412 02-782-4413 www.jfk.or.kr 2001.10.23 eration of Korea Sangyeol Yeongdeungpo-gu, Seoul Korea Broadcast Chmn. Jeon 9F., 233, Mokdongdong-ro, Journalist 158-715 02-2062-8880 02-2062-8814 www.reportplus.org 2008.03.26 Donggun Yangcheon-gu, Seoul Association Korea Broadcast- Pres. Hwang 15F., 233, Mokdongdong-ro, ing Camera Direc- 158-715 02-3219-5620 02-3219-5625 www.kbcda.or.kr 1994.05.26 Sooyoung Yangcheon-gu, Seoul tors Association Korea Pres. Yang 12F., 233, Mokdongdong-ro, Broadcasting 158-715 02-782-0002 02-761-8283 www.kbjc.net 1989.10.12 Youngchul Yangcheon-gu, Seoul Journalists Club Korea Broadcast- Chmn. Lee 15F., 233, Mokdongdong-ro, ing Photo Journal- 158-715 02-3219-6477 02-3219-6478 www.tvnews.or.kr 1987.11.07 Jungwoo Yangcheon-gu, Seoul ist Association Korea Copy Editors Chmn. Park 1402, 124, Sejong-daero, Jung-gu, 100-750 02-732-1267 02-723-2674 www.edit.or.kr 1964.09.28 Association Moonhong Seoul Korea Internet Chmn. Kim 80, Beodeunaru-ro, 070-4411- Journalists 150-037 02-6280-5462 www.kija.org 2002.09.28 Chulkwan Yeongdeungpo-gu, Seoul 5452 Association Korea Internet Pres. Jeon 33, Gukjegeumyung-ro 6-gil, Newspaper Broad- 150-749 02-783-6115 02-6280-0418 www.kinba.org 2004.07.01 Byeonggil Yeongdeungpo-gu, Seoul caster Association Korea Jounrnalists Chmn. Kim 1405, 124, Sejong-daero, Jung-gu, 100-750 02-732-4797 02-730-1270 www.kjclub.or.kr 1977.04.07 Club Eungu Seoul Korea Mass Media Chmn. Choi Yeouido P.O.Box, 2, 150-600 02-761-8114 02-522-6615 kmjc.kr 2004.10.11 Press Club Ho Yeongdeungpo-gu, Seoul Korea Media Chmn. Oh Gwanghwamun P.O.Box, 197, www.pressclub. 110-601 02-732-7171 02-735-0087 2006.06.29 Journalist Union Moo Jongno-gu, Seoul co.kr Suntower Bldg., 26, Korea Media Tech- Chmn. Lee 110-062 Gyeonghuigung-gil, Jongno-gu, 02-2000-1191 02-2000-1190 www.kometec.co.kr 2007.10.31 nology Council Myungkyu Seou Korea News Edi- Chmn. Song 1311, 124, Sejong-daero, Jung-gu, 100-750 02-723-7443 02-739-1985 www.editor.or.kr 1957.04.07 tors Association Heeyoung Seoul Korea Newspaper Chmn. Choi 7F.,139, Beodeunaru-ro, Reporters 150-040 02-2678-2415 02-753-3014 www.knra.co.kr 2007.04.07 Jung Yeongdeungpo-gu, Seoul Association

100 Appendix 4. Directory Organization Chairman ZIP code Address Tel. Fax. Domain Establishment Korea Online Chmn. Jo 7F., 29, Chungjeong-ro, Newspaper Jour- 120-715 02-360-0372 02-360-0430 2006.02.10 Changhyeon Seodaemun-gu, Seoul nalist Association Korea Press Chmn. Hong 1402, 124, Sejong-daero, Jung-gu, Photographers 100-750 02-733-9576 02-733-9640 www.kppa.or.kr 1964.04.24 Inki Seoul Association Korea Reporters Chmn. Im cafe.naver.com/ Club for 339-012 11, Doum 6-ro, Sejong-si 044-201-6078 044-201-6018 1990.12.03 Hang ecojournalists Environment Korea Research Pres. Kim 15, Sejong-daero 20-gil, Jung-gu, Reporters 100-101 02-755-3114 02-730-1988 www.josa.or.kr 1987.10.30 Kyuhoi Seoul Association Korea Science Re- Chmn. Sim 707, 22, Teheran-ro 7-gil, 135-703 02-501-3630 02-501-3680 www.koreasja.org 1984.12.15 porters Association Jaeeok Gangnam-gu, Seoul Korea Voice Per- Chmn. Lee 602, 23, Gukhoe-daero 62-gil, formance 150-874 02-784-0422 02-784-0711 www.kvpa.or.kr 1964.06.04 Geunwook Yeongdeungpo-gu, Seoul Association Korea Woman Chmn. Kang 1306, 124, Sejong-daero, Jung-gu, www.womanjour- Journalists Asso- 100-750 02-313-3556 02-313-3556 1961.04.01 Kyunghee Seoul nalist.or.kr ciation Korea Woman's Pres. Shin 2296 P.O.Box, 6, Jong-ro, Journalists 110-110 011-771-6675 1999.03.06 Dongsik Jongno-gu, Seoul Association Korean Announcer Chmn. Shin 15F., 233, Mokdongdong-ro, www.announcer. 158-715 02-3219-5715 02-3219-5715 1989.03.31 Association Dongjin Yangcheon-gu, Seoul or.kr Korean Broadcast- Chmn. Han 417, 127, Mapo-daero, Mapo-gu, 121-718 02-713-8368 02-717-8368 www.kbmc.co.kr 1966.06.12 ers' Association Youngsub Seoul Korean Broadcast- ing Engineers & Chmn. Lee 15F., 233, Mokdongdong-ro, 158-715 02-3219-5635 02-2647-6813 www.kobeta.com 1987.11.14 Technicians Hoosam Yangcheon-gu, Seoul Association 1105 Chungmu Bldg., 7, Korean Television Pres. Kim 150-890 Yeouidaebang-ro 69-gil, 02-783-7830 02-783-7831 www.koreatv.or.kr 1971.05.06 Actors Association Youngchul Yeongdeungpo-gu, Seoul Korean Television Directors of Pres. Kang 15F., 233, Mokdongdong-ro, 158-715 02-3219-5660 02-3219-5664 www.tvcam.or.kr 1988.05.26 Photography Hyuwon Yangcheon-gu, Seoul Association Korean TV and Chmn. Lee 401, 750, Gukhoe-daero, Radio Writers 150-727 02-782-1696 02-783-3711 www.ktrwa.or.kr 1962.02.15 Geumrim Yeongdeungpo-gu, Seoul Association Pres. Lee 1403, 124, Sejong-daero, Jung-gu, Kwanhun Club 100-750 02-732-0876 02-732-0877 www.kwanhun.com 1957.01.11 Youngsik Seoul National Union of Chmn.kang 1802, 124, Sejong-daero, Jung-gu, 100-750 02-739-7285 02-735-9400 media.nodong.org 2000.11.24 Media Workers Seongnam Seoul Seoul Foreign Chmn. You 18F., 124, Sejong-daero, Jung-gu, Correspondent 100-750 02-734-3272 02-734-7712 www.sfcc.or.kr 1956.06.01 Chunsik Seoul Club (SFCC) Seoul Journalists Chmn. Kang 901, 138, Seosomun-ro, Jung-gu, 100-865 02-757-5608 02-757-5609 1984.09.14 Club Seunghoon Seoul 4F., Seongsu Bldg., 31, The Korea Mass Chmn. Lee 150-037 Jayanggangbyeon-gil, 02-3775-0017 02-3775-0019 1994.01.20 Media Club Hyeonggyun Gwangjin-gu, Seoul Yeoido Chmn. Gil 13, Yeouigongwon-ro, 150-790 02-789-1352 02-789-1359 1990.08.31 Broadcasters Club Hwanyoung Yeongdeungpo-gu, Seoul

101 Non-Profit Foundations/ Self Regulatory Organizatons/ International Organizations

Organization Chairman ZIP code Address Tel. Fax. Domain Establishment Bang Il-Young Chmn. Jo 30, Sejong-daero 21-gil, Jung-gu, 100-756 02-724-5041 02-724-5049 www.bangfound.org 1993.11.18 Foundation Yeonheung Seoul Cheong-Am Press Chmn. Lee 5F., 6, Hyochangmok-gil, Mapo-gu, www.songkunho. 121-750 02-710-0288 02-710-0129 2001.11.06 Foundation Haedong Seoul or.kr Ilkyung Press Chmn. Yoon 940, 12, Teheran-ro 63-gil, Gang- 135-876 02-508-0078 1997.06.26 Foundation Imsool nam-gu, Seoul IPI Korean National Chmn. Bang 1404, 124, Sejong-daero, Jung-gu, 100-750 02-732-6005 02-722-7337 www.freemdia.at 1961.02.11 Committee Sanghun Seoul Jung Jin-Gi Press Chmn. Lee 11F., 190, Toegye-ro, Jung-gu, 100-728 02-2000-2115 02-2000-2129 1981.07.14 Foundation Seorye Seoul Korea Advertising Pres. Kim 10F., 137 Olympic-ro 35-gil, Song- 138-921 02-2144-4300 02-2144-4307 www.karb.or.kr 1991.03.27 Review Board Minki pa-gu, Seoul 28F., LG twintower Bldg., 128, LG Sangnam Press Chmn. Byun 150-721 Yeoui-daero, Yeongdeungpo-gu, 02-3773-0191 02-3773-0195 www.lgpress.org 1995.12.09 Foundation Yongshik Seoul Samsung Press Chmn. Jung 19F., 4, Seocho-daero 74-gil, www.ssmedianet. 137-955 02-597-4201 02-597-4208 1995.10.24 Foundation Chang-young Seocho-gu, Seoul org Sungkok Jounal- Chmn. Han 1119, 92, Saemunan-ro, Jongno- 110-999 02-734-0342 02-734-0341 1965.09.13 ism Foundation Jong-wu gu, Seoul Yumin Cultural Chmn. Lee 100-814 100, Seosomun-ro, Jung-gu, Seoul 02-751-9892 02-751-9494 www.yumin.org 1999.01.28 Foundation Honggu

Media Societies

Organization Chairman ZIP code Address Tel. Fax. Domain Establishment Korea Association for Communica- Chmn. Cho 125, Gangseo-ro 17-gil, 157-883 02-392-4426 02-392-4426 www.kacis.or.kr 1998.04.01 tion & Information Hangje Gangseo-gu, Seoul Studies Korean Academic Chmn. Lee 30, Pildong-ro 1-gil, Jung-gu, www.cybercom. Society for Cyber- 100-715 Hogyu Seoul or.kr communications Korean Academic Pres. Kim Society for Public 100-450 1005, 56, Dasan-ro, Jung-gu, Seoul www.kaspr.or.kr 1997.02. Byunghee Relations Korean Advertising Pres. Kim 9F., 137 Olympic-ro 35-gil, 138-921 02-2144-0264 02-2144-0265 www.koads.or.kr 1989.10.14 Society Bonghyun Songpa-gu, Seoul Korean Association Pres. Lee 10F., 137 Olympic-ro 35-gil, for Advertising & 138-921 www.kadpr.or.kr 1998.08.30 Soobum Songpa-gu, Seoul Public Relations Korean Association for Broadcasting & Chmn. Yoo 12F., 233, Mokdongdong-ro, 158-715 02-3219-5725 02-3219-5729 www.kabs.or.kr 1988.09.10 Telecommunica- Euisun Yangcheon-gu, Seoul tion Studies Korean Society Chmn. Jung 602 Gabriel Bldg., 35, www.goodbroad- Broadcasting 121-742 02-705-8905 02-705-8067 1988.05.04 Joongheon Baekbeom-ro, Mapo-gu, Seoul casting.com Criticism Korean Society for Journalism & Chmn. Sim 1015, 19, Jong-ro, Jongno-gu, 110-888 02-762-6833 02-723-8351 www.comm.or.kr 1959.06.30 Communication Jaechul Seoul Studies

102 Appendix 4. Directory Organization Chairman ZIP code Address Tel. Fax. Domain Establishment Korean Society for Chmn. Kim 222, Wangsimni-ro, Media Law,Ethics 133-791 www.klep.or.kr 2002.02.08 Jaehyup Seongdong-gu, Seoul & Policy Research Korean Society of Pres. Ahn 1108, 22, Teheran-ro 7-gil, Broadcast 135-703 02-568-3556 02-568-3557 www.ksobe.org 1994.10.19 Chideuk Gangnam-gu, Seoul Engineers Korean Women's 413, Ewha POSCO Bldg., 52, Association for Pres. Jung www.womencom. 120-750 Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, 02-579-7048 2003 Communication Insuk or.kr Seoul Studies

Civic Media Organizations

Organization Chairman ZIP code Address Tel. Fax. Domain Establishment BJY (Right Local Chmn. Kim 1906, 1719, Gyebaek-ro, Jung-gu, 301-739 070-7013-9995 070-4170-4411 www.bjynews.com 1996.04.20 Press Solidarity) Myungkwan Daejeon Center for Media Chmn. Nam 105, 55, Seochojungang-ro 24-gil, www.presswatch. Responsibility and 137-882 02-591-0541 02-591-0543 2002.01.31 Sungwoo Seocho-gu, Seoul or.kr Human Rights Citizen's Coalition Pres. Ko 4F., 10, Mapo-daero 14ga-gil, for Democratic 121-801 02-392-0181 02-392-3722 www.ccdm.or.kr 1984.12.19 Seungwoo Mapo-gu, Seoul Media Citizen's Coalition Chmn. Park 201, 5, Digital-ro 26-gil, Guro-gu, for Media 152-050 02-6220-6108 02-6220-6106 www.ccpb.or.kr 2007.04.20 Jongbo Seoul Publicness Co-Chmn. Lee Civil Coalition for Sang-yeol/ 3F, 231, Dongmak-ro, Mapo-gu, www.fairmedia. 121-854 02-730-5164 02-730-5165 2008.09.30 Fairness in Media Lee Jaegyo/ Seoul or.kr Moon Myungho Media World, Chmn. Pakr 18, Yeouidaebang-ro 54-gil, www.mediayolsa. 156-808 02-4144-2254 02-738-2254 2000.11.03 Open Minded Jinok Dongjak-gu, Seoul or.kr

103 5) University / Graduate School

University departments of communication programs_Seoul

University Department ZIP code Address Tel. Fax. Domain Establishment

Department of ChungAng 84, Heuksuk-ro, Dongjak-gu, Advertising & 156-756 02-820-5504 02-821-5503 www.iadpr.org 1974.03 University Seoul Public Relations

Department of ChungAng 806, 303 Bldg., Artcenter, 84 Mass 156-756 02-820-5481 02-812-4941 cmc.cau.ac.kr/xe 1958.07 University Heuksuk-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul Communication

DongGuk Department of 30, Pildong-ro 1-gil, Jung-gu, 100-715 02-2260-8729 02-2260-3684 www.dgu-ad.net 1994.09.07 University Advertising & PR Seoul

Department of DongGuk Journalism & 30, Pildong-ro 1-gil, Jung-gu, 100-715 02-2260-8723 02-2260-3940 comm.dongguk.edu 1995 University Mass Seoul Communications

Ewha posco Bldg. 212, 52, Ewha Womans Division of Media myhome.ewha.ac.kr/ 120-750 Ewhayeodae-ro, Seodaemun-gu, 02-3277-2233 02-3277-4010 1960.04 University Studies user/masscomm Seoul

Hankuk Journalism & Socialscience Bldg. 103-2, 107, builder.hufs.ac.kr/ University of Mass 130-791 Imoon-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, 02-2173-2314 02-962-3138 user/ 1978.03.02 Foreign Communication Seoul communication/ Studies Division

admedia. Hanyang Cyber Department of 222, Wangshipli-ro, 130-791 02-2290-0440 02-2290-0601 hanyangcyber.ac.kr/ 2003.03.02 University advertising Sungdong-gu, Seoul Community/

Major in Socialscience Bldg., 222 Hanyang Uni- Journalism & 130-791 Wangshipli-ro, Sungdong-gu, 02-2220-0850 02-2281-4554 comm.hanyang.ac.kr 1963.04 versity Mass Seoul Communication

Kookmin School of Bukak 603, 77, Jeongneung-ro, www.kmu-comm. 136-702 02-910-4260 02-910-4429 1997 University Communication Seongbuk-gu, Seoul com

Korea School of Media & 145, Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, mediacom.korea. 136-701 02-3290-1400 02-925-4797 1965 University Communication Seoul ac.kr

Korean Department of 32, Hwarang-ro 146-37, National Uni- 136-716 02-746-9552 02-7469-549 www.karts.ac.kr 2001.03.02 broadcasting Seongbuk-gu, Seoul versity of Arts

Kwangwoon Division of Com- 26, Kwangwoon-gil, Nowon-gu, 139-701 02-940-5370 02-918-3258 www.kwmedia.info 1990.03.01 University munication Arts Seoul

www.kyonggi.ac.kr/ KyongGi 2F, Main Bldg, 24, Kyonggidae-ro kguSbjInfo.kgu?mzco Multimedia 120-702 02-390-5070 02-392-6567 1998 University 9-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul de=K00M010913&or gCd=K011011

2F, Media Center, KyoungGi KyongGi Uni- Mediapolitics 120-837 University, 3-87, Chungjeongno 02-390-5103 02-392-6567 www.jmc.ac.kr 2000.03.02 versity 3-ga, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul

School of J Kyunghee 26, Kyunghee-daero, www.communica- ournalism & 130-701 02-961-9383 02-961-0622 1965.01.01 University Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul tion.ac.kr Communication

www.mju.ac.kr/user/ introduction_mju/ Myungji Department of 6F., Main bldg., 34 Geobukgol-ro, info/college/depart- 120-728 02-300-0710 02-300-0654 2005.02 University Digital Media Seodaemun-gu, Seoul ment_list.jsp?dept Cd=16440&id=mju kr_020202050100

104 Appendix 4. Directory University Department ZIP code Address Tel. Fax. Domain Establishment

Department of Sejong Jiphyun Bldg. 506, 209 cm.sejong.ac.kr/ Communication 143-747 02-3408-3307 02-3408-4307 1998.03 University Neungdong-ro, Seoul user/nnbdpt/ Art

Seoul National Department of Socialscience Bldg. (16) 320, 1 02- communication.snu. 151-746 02-885-8418 1975.02.28 University Coummunication Kwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 880-6467~6 ac.kr

Seoul National Department of University of 232, Gongneung-ro, Nowon-gu, eeme.seoultech. Media 139-743 02-970-6480 02-979-7903 2012.03 Science of Seoul ac.kr Engineering Technology

Seoul Division of 621, Hwarang-ro, Nowon-gu, Women's Communication & 139-774 02-970-5581 02-970-5964 www.swumedia.com 1998.03 Seoul University Media

Sogang School of Mass Samsung Gabriel Bldg(G), 35 www.sgcomm.so- 121-742 02-705-8182 02-705-8184 1968.03 University Communications Baekbum-ro, Mapo-gu, Seoul gang.ac.kr

Sookmyung Division of Saehim Bldg. 201, 47 Chungpa-ro comm.sookmyung. Women's 140-742 02-710-9293 02-710-9731 1995 Coummunication 100, Yongsan-gu, Seoul ac.kr University

Sookmyung Division of Public Soonhun Bldg. 609, 100 prad.sookmyung. Women's Relations & 140-742 Chungpa47-ro, Yongsan-gu, 02-710-9734 02-2077-7326 1997 ac.kr University Advertising Seoul

Department of Soongsil Journalism, Jo ManSik Bldg. 747, 369 www.ssu.ac.kr/web/ 156-743 02-820-0306 02-822-3486 1999 University Public Relations Sangdo-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul ssja & Advertising

Department of Sungkonghoe Media & 152-716 320 Yeondong-ro, Guro-gu, Seoul 02-2610-4286 02-2683-8858 media.skhu.ac.kr 1996 University Communication

Department of Soosun Bldg. 61409, 25-2 Sungkyunk- Journalism & www.skkucomm. 110-745 Sungkyunkwan-ro, Jongno-gu, 02-760-0391 02-760-0390 1966.12 wan University Mass ac.kr Seoul Communications

Sungshin Department of Soojung Bldg(B) 718, 2, www.sungshin.ac.kr/ Women's Media 136-742 Bomun-ro 34da-gil, 02-920-7805 02-920-2108 2006.03.01 mediacomm University Communication Seongbuk-gu, Seoul

Yonhee Bldg. 120-749, Yonsei Division of www.yonsei. 120-749 Yonsei-ro 50, Seodaemun-gu, 02-2123-2970 02-2123-8305 1972 University Communication ac.kr/~comm Seoul

University departments of communication programs_Local

University Department ZIP code Address Tel. Fax. Domain Establishment

Division of Digital 206, World cup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Ajou University 443-749 031-219-2630 031-219-1797 media.ajou.ac.kr 1998 Media Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do

Student army educatiion Catholic School of center 306, 13-13 University of 712-702 053-850-3286 053-850-3585 media.cu.ac.kr 2002.05 Communication Hayang-ro, Hayang-eup, Daegu Kyungsan-si, Kyungsangbuk-do

Department of Changwon 20, Changwondaehak-ro, portal.changwon. Journalism & National 641-773 Euichang-gu, Changwon-si, 055-213-3250 055-213-3259 ac.kr/home/ 1998 Mass University Kyungsangnam-do mass-media Communication

Department of Socialscience Bldg. 106, 298 Cheongju www.cju.ac.kr/web/ Advertising & 380-764 Daesung-ro, Sangdang-gu, 043-229-8299 043-229-8233 1995.03.01 University adver Public Relations Chungju-si, Choongchungbuk-do

105 University Department ZIP code Address Tel. Fax. Domain Establishment

Department of Chonbuk Journalism & 567, Baekjedae-ro, Duckjin-gu, National 561-756 063-270-2952 063-270-2967 mass.chonbuk.ac.kr 1988.03 Mass Jeonju-si, Jeollabuk-do University Communication

Chonnam Na- Department of 77, Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, altair.chonnam. tional Mass 500-757 062-530-2670 062-530-2679 1980.10.02 Gwangju ac.kr/~journal University Communication

Department of Chosun 309, Pilmundae-ro, Dong-gu, Journalism & 501-759 062-230-6704 062-230-6704 chosun.ac.kr/~comm 1993.09.03 University Gwangju communications

Chungnam Department of 99, Daehak-ro, Yoosung-gu, National 305-764 042-821-6371 042-821-8885 cnucomm.net 1989.03 coummunications Daejeon University

Depertment of 25, Daehak-ro, Hongsung-eup, Chungwoon adpr.chungwoon. Advertising & 350-701 Hongsung-gun, Choongchun- 041-630-3366 041-630-3317 1971.01.01 University ac.kr Public Relations gnam-do

Depertment of 25, Daehak-ro, Hongsung-eup, Chungwoon bangsong.chun- Broadcasting & 350-701 Hongsung-gun, 041-630-3360 041-630-3175 1995.08.21 University gwoon.ac.kr Digital Media Choongchungnam-do

Department of Daegu Journalism & 201, Daegudae-ro, Jinryang-eup, 712-714 053-850-6290 053-850-6379 comm.daegu.ac.kr 1999.03 University Mass Kyungsan-si, Kyungsangbuk-do Communication

Department of Socialscience Bldg. 515, 1007 Daejin Mass Media & 487-711 Hoguk-ro, Pocheon-si, 031-539-1700 031-539-1700 media.daejin.ac.kr 1994.03 University Communication Kyunggi-do

Socialscience Bldg. 201, 152 Dankook School of 031- 448-701 Jukjeon-ro, Suji-gu, Yongin-si, 031-8021-7208 www.dankook.ac.kr 1996 University Communication 8005-3342 Kyunggi-do

DongA Department of Bumin campus, 225 Guduk-ro, 602-760 051-200-8645 051-200-8645 comm.donga.ac.kr 1987.10.23 University Communication Seo-gu, Busan

Depertment of Humanscience Bldg. 313, 176 DongEui Advertisingand 614-714 Umgwang-ro, Busanjin-gu, 051-890-2027 051-890-2607 deuad.woweb.net 1999.03.02 University Public Relations Busan

Department of DongEui massmedia.deu. Mass 614-714 995, Umgwang-ro, Busan 051-890-1310 051-890-2607 1995.03.02 University ac.kr Communication

Dongseo Uni- Division of Visual 3F., Newmilenium Bldg., 47, uni.dongseo.ac.kr/ 617-716 051-320-1690 051-320-1690 2000.03 versity Communication Jurae-ro, Sasang-gu, Busan visual

Dongshin Department of 185, Gunjae-ro, Naju-si, 520-714 061-330-3430 061-330-3430 be.dsu.ac.kr 1989.11.21 University Broadcasting Jeollanam-do

Department of San 5-bunji, Wangjang-ri, Far East comm.kdu.ac.kr/ Journalism & 369-700 Gamgok-myon, Eumsung-gun, 043-879-3650 043-882-3310 2002.03.01 University index.do Communication Choongchungbuk-do

Department of 1342, Sungnamdae-ro, www.gachon.ac.kr/ Gachon Journalism & 461-701 Sujung-gu, Sungnam-si, 031-750-5262 031-750-5589 major/business/09/ 1996.03.02 University Communication Kyunggi-do index.jsp

Department of Gwangju 1F., Social&Human Bldg., 277 Journalism & 503-703 062-670-2639 062-670-2639 jmc.gwangju.ac.kr 1985.03.01 University Hyoduck-ro, Nam-gu, Kwangju Communication

Halla Department of 28, Halladae-gil, Wonju-si, 200-712 033-760-1320 033-760-1319 adpr.halla.ac.kr 2005 University Advertising & PR Kangwon-do

Hallym Department of 1, Hallymdaehak-gil, 200-702 033-248-1910 033-256-3424 media.hallym.ac.kr 1997.11.01 University Communications Chuncheon-si, Kangwon-do

School of Handong 558, Handong-ro, Buk-gu, Communication 791-708 054-260-1411 054-260-1399 sca.ac.kr 1997.11.05 University Pohang-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do Arts & Science

106 Appendix 4. Directory University Department ZIP code Address Tel. Fax. Domain Establishment

Department of Hannam Politics, Commu- 70, Hannam-ro, Daeduck-gu, pcis.hannam.ac.kr/ 306-791 042-629-7650 042-629-8143 1984.03 University nication & Inter- Daejeon index.htm national Studies

Major of Mass Hansei 30, Hanse-ro, Gunpo-si, Communication & 435-742 031-450-5028 031-450-5084 www.hansei.ac.kr 1992.03.02 University Gyeonggi-do Journalism

Department of Social&Human Bldg. 506, 46, Hanseo Mass comm.hanseo.ac.kr/ 356-706 Hanseo1-ro, Haemi-myon, 041-660-1280 - 1996.03 University Communication & main.do Seosan-si, Choongchungnam-do Journalism

Division of Ad- Hanshin 137, Hanshindae-ro, Osan-si, vertising & Visual 447-791 031-379-0580 031-372-3343 www.hanshinad.com 1995 University Kyunggi-do Communication

Department of Erica campus, 55, Hanyang Uni- Advertising & 426-791 Hanyangdaehak-ro, Sangrok-gu, 031-400-5420 031-408-5946 adpr.hanyang.ac.kr 2004.06 versity Public Relations Ansan-si, Kyunggi-do

Department of Erica campus, 55, Hanyang Journalism & hysinbang.hanyang. 426-791 Hanyangdaehak-ro, Sangrok-gu, 031-400-5410 031-436-8179 1982.01 University Mass ac.kr Ansan-si, Kyunggi-do Communication

Department of Kwangsan campus, 417, Honam Journalism & 506-714 Odeungdae-ro, Kwangsan-gu, 062-940-5227 062-940-5202 sinbang.honam.ac.kr 1994.03 University Broadcasting Gwangju

Depertment of 2639, Sejong-ro, Jochiwon-eup, HongIk shinan.hongik. Advertising & 339-701 Yeongi-gun, 041-860-2491 041-862-3490 1998.03 University ac.kr/~adpr Public Relations Choongchungnam-do

Department of Howon 64, Howondae3-ro, Impi-myon, green.howon.ac.kr/ Broadcasting 137-070 02-2045-5330 02-522-0187 2006.03.02 University Gunsan-si, Jeollabuk-do star Image

Department of 72, Choirubaek-ro, Hyupsung Advertising, PR & 445-745 Bongdam-eup, Hwasung-si, 031-299-0985 031-227-0958 college.uhs.ac.kr/biz 1994.09.05 University Media Kyunggi-do

Department of Incheon Uni- 119, Academy-ro Yeonsu-gu, newdays.incheon. Mass 406-772 032-835-8590 032-835-8301 1998.03.01 versity Incheon ac.kr Communication

Department of Inha University Communication & 402-751 100, Inha-ro, Nam-gu, Incheon 032-860-8790 032-863-3022 comm.inha.ac.kr 1998.03 Information

Department of Shin-o Bldg. 209, 197, Inje-ro, homepage.inje. Inje University Mass 621-749 055-320-3526 055-327-1695 1996.03 Gimhae-si, Kyungsangnam-do ac.kr/~comm Communication

Department of Jeju National 102, Jejudaehak-ro Jeju-si, journalism.cheju. Journalism & 690-756 064-754-2940 064-702-4240 1998.03 University Jeju-do ac.kr Public Relations

Departmnet of Jayoo Bldg. 105, 303, Jeonju Advertising & 560-759 Chunjam-ro, Wansan-gu, 063-220-2277 063-220-2052 business.jj.ac.kr 2004.04.19 University Public Relations Jeonju-si, Jeollabuk-do

Kyungbok Bldg. 406, 201, Joongbu Advertising & Daehak-ro, Choobu-myun, 312-702 041-750-6429 041-750-6439 www.jbuad.com 1996 University Public Relations Gumsan-gun, Choongchungnam-do

Kyungbok Bldg. 406, 201, Joongbu Journalism & Daehak-ro, Choobu-myun, 312-702 041-750-6430 041-750-6439 jbmasscom.net 2001.11 University communications Gumsan-gun, Choongchungnam-do

107 University Department ZIP code Address Tel. Fax. Domain Establishment

Department of Kangwon Journalism & 1, Kangwandaehak-ro, masscom.kangwon. National 200-701 033-250-6880 033-241-6806 1989.03.02 Mass Chuncheon-si, Kangwan-do ac.kr University Comunication

Departmnet of 1F, Sungseo campus social Keimyung Journalism & 704-701 Bldg. 2800, Dalgubeoldae-ro, 053-580-5398 053-580-5313 web.kmu.ac.kr/jvm 1981.03 University Visual Dalseo-gu, Daegu Communication

Department of Sungseo campus social Bldg. Keimyung Mass Advertising 704-701 147-2, 1095, Dalgubeoldae-ro, 053-580-5966 053-580-5313 advert.kmu.ac.kr 1981.03 University & Public Dalseo-gu, Daegu Relations

Department of Socialscience Bldg. 104, 268, Konkuk Mass 380-701 Choongwondae-ro, Choongju-si, 043-840-3445 043-851-9326 masscom.kku.ac.kr 1984 University Communication Choongchungbuk-do

Department of Kosin 1F., 4 Lectural Bldg., 4103., 194, Advertising & 606-701 051-990-2115 051-990-2115 www.kosinad.com 1999 University Wachi-ro, Yeongdo-gu, Busan Public Relations

Kyungbook Department of Socialscience Bldg. 406, 80, National Journalism Mass 702-701 053-950-5259 053-950-6259 knumass.com 1984.02 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu University comunication

Department of KyungIl 50, Gamasil-gil, Hayang-eup, Advertising & 712-701 053-850-7504 053-850-7597 ad.kiu.ac.kr 2004.03 University Kyungsan-si, Kyungsangbuk-do Publicity

Department of 7, Kyungnamdaehak-ro, Kyungnam www.kyungnam. Mass Comunica- 631-701 Masanhappo-gu, Changwon-si, 055-249-2545 055-223-9186 1984.03 University ac.kr/comm/main/ tion & Journalism Kyungsangnam-do

Kyungsung Advertising and 309, Sooyoung-ro, Nam-gu, 608-736 051-663-5130 051-627-7759 ks.ac.kr/adnet 1988 University PR Busan

Department of Kyungsung Munhwa Bldg. (22) 312, 309, Mass 608-736 051-663-5120 051-624-2024 ks.ac.kr/masscomm 1989.03.01 University Sooyoung-ro, Nam-gu, Busan Communication

Department of Mokwon Socialscience Bldg. 208, 88, Advertising & 302-802 042-829-7780 042-829-7781 adpr.mokwon.ac.kr 1995.03 University Doanbuk-ro, Seo-gu, Daejeon Public Relations

Department of 91, Daehak-ro, Sunghwan-eup, Namseoul Advertising & 330-707 Cheonan-si, 041-580-2230 041-580-2917 adpr.nsu.ac.kr 1996.03.02 University Public Relations Choongchungnam-do

PuKyoung Department of Daeyeon campus, 45, Yongso-ro, myweb.pknu.ac.kr/ National Mass 608-737 051-629-5475 051-629-5478 1998.03.02 Nam-gu, Busan masscom University Communication

Pusan National Department of 2, Busandaehak-ro 63beon-gil, 2, 609-735 051-510-1563 051-512-0945 comm.pusan.ac.kr 1989.03.01 University Communication Gumjung-gu, Busan

Department of Informationscience Bldg. 307, Pyongtaek home2.ptu.ac.kr/ Advertising 450-701 3825, Seodongdae-ro, 031-659-8551 031-630-3317 2006 University user/prad/ Creation Pyongtaek-si, Kyunggi-do

Department of Sangji 83, Sangjidae-gil, Wonju-si, www.sangji.ac.kr/ Advertising & 220-702 033-730-0284 033-730-0203 2003.03.02 University Kangwon-do media/index.action Public Relations

Humanscience Bldg. 106-1, Semyung Department of media-c.semyung. 390-711 65, Semyung-ro, Jecheon-si, 043-649-1741 043-649-1741 2000.03.02 University Media Creation ac.kr/index.html Choongchungbuk-do

Department of Socialscience Bldg. 403, 65, Semyung smadpr.semyung. Advertising & 390-711 Semyung-ro, Jecheon-si, 043-649-1769 043-649-1769 1995 University ac.kr Public Relations Choongchungbuk-do

Depertment of 377-3, Musimseo-ro, Seowon Advertising & 361-742 Heungduck-gu, Chungju-si, 043-299-8630 043-299-8630 home.seowon.ac.kr 1997 University Public Relations Choongchungbuk-do

108 Appendix 4. Directory University Department ZIP code Address Tel. Fax. Domain Establishment

Depertment of 140, Baegyang-daero 700beon- Silla University Advertising & 617-736 051-999-5042 051-999-6735 www.eadpr.org 1996.10.24 gil, Sasang-gu, Busan Public Relations

Department of Unitopia Bldg. U1004, Soonchunhy- homepage.sch.ac.kr/ Journalism & 336-745 Shinchang-myun, Asan-si, 041-530-1151 041-530-1151 1994 ang University masscom Communications Choongchungnam-do

Main Bldg. 304C, 221 Sunmoon Uni- School of communication. 336-708 Sunmoon-ro, Tangjung-myun, 041-530-2506 041-530-2573 1994.09.05 versity Communication sunmoon.ac.kr Asan-si, Choongchungbuk-do

Department of Suwon 17, Wauan-gil, Bongdam-eup, Mass 445-743 031-220-2510 031-220-2459 nplusu.suwon.ac.kr 1984.03 University Hwaseong-si, Gyeonggi-do Communication

Tongmyung Department of 608-711 428, Shinsun-ro, Nam-gu, Busan 051-629-2021 051-629-2029 masscom.tu.ac.kr 1996.03.01 University Media Image

Department of Tongmyung Advertising & 608-711 428, Shinsun-ro, Nam-gu, Busan 051-629-2051 051-629-2019 adpr.tu.ac.kr 2004 University Public Relations

Major of Mass Wonkwang 460, Iksandae-ro, Iksan-si, masscom. Communication & 570-749 063-850-6416 063-850-6666 1995.10.18 University Jeollabuk=do wonkwang.ac.kr Journalism

Woosuk Department of 443, Samrae-ro, Samrae-eup, 565-701 063-290-1688 063-290-1688 advent.woosuk.ac.kr 2006.03.01 University Advertising Event Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do

Department of Woosuk 443, Samrae-ro, Samrae-eup, shinbang.woosuk. Journalism & 565-701 063-290-1357 063-290-1688 1981.03 University Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do ac.kr/ws Communications

Department of Yeungnam 280, Daehak-ro, Kyungsan-si, Media & 712-749 053-810-2270 053-810-4612 mnc.yu.ac.kr 1997 University Kyungsangbuk-do Communication

Depertment of Busan campus, 142, Bansong Youngsan Advertising & 612-743 sunhwan-ro, Haewoondae-gu, 051-540-7246 051-540-7193 adcom.ysu.ac.kr 2006.03 University Public Relations Busan

Department of Busan campus, 142, Bansong Youngsan Journalism & 612-743 sunhwan-ro, Haewoondae-gu, 051-540-7246 051-540-7193 media.ysu.ac.kr 1998 University Broadcasting Busan

Specialized Graduate School of Communication Programs

University Department Zip code Address Tel. Fax. Domain Establishment

Graduate School of Public Admin- Chonbuk istration (Science 567, Baekjedae-ro, Duckjin-gu, National 561-756 063-270-2234 063-270-2232 gspa.jbnu.ac.kr 2003.12.10 of Mass Commu- Jeonju-si, Jeollabuk-do University nication & Public Relations)

Graduate School ChungAng Buphak Bldg. 708, 84 of Mass 156-756 02-820-5051 02-827-0155 shinbang.cau.ac.kr 1980.11. University Heuksuck-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul Communication

Graduate School 25, Daehak-ro, Hongsung-eup, Chungwoon egrad.chungwoon. of Information & 350-701 Hongsung-gun, 041-630-3145 041-634-8787 1997.10.21 University ac.kr Industry Choongchungnam-do

Industrial adminstration Graduate School Daegu graduate Bldg., 201, of Industry & Pub- 712-714 053-850-5034 053-850-5039 info.daegu.ac.kr 1997.09.24 University Daegudae-ro, Jinryang-eup, lic Administration Kyungsan-si, Kyungsangbuk-do

109 University Department Zip code Address Tel. Fax. Domain Establishment

Graduate School Graduate Bldg. 301, 152, Dankook 031- hompy.dankook. of Information & 448-701 Jukjeon-ro, Suji-gu, Yongin-si, 031-8021-7140 1997.10.25 University 8005-2261 ac.kr/gict Communication Kyunggi-do

Graduate School DongGuk 2F., Haksul Bldg., 30, 02- of Communication 100-715 02-2260-3736 gsci.dongguk.edu 1987.11.09 University Pildong1-gil, Jung-gu, Seoul 2260-3733~5 & Industry

Hankuk Graduate School Politics&adminstration University of of Politics 02- www.hufs.ac.kr/ 130-791 graduate Bldg., 107, Emoon-ro, 02-2173-3358 1992.07.30 Foreign Government & 2173-2428~9 user/gsps Dongdaemoon-gu, Seoul Studies Communication

Graduate School Hanyang of Journalism & 222, Wangshipli-ro, 133-791 02-2220-0267 02-2220-1389 gsjmc.hanyang.ac.kr 1995.03 University Mass Communi- Sungdong-gu, Seoul cation

Graduate School HongIk HongIk University, 57, Daehak-ro, www.hongik.edu/ of Advertising & 121-791 02-3668-3703 02-320-1251 1999.11.02 University Jongno-gu, Seoul grad/univ11 Public Relations

Graduate School Sanhak hyupdong Bldg. 610-1, Konkuk of Mass 02- 143-701 120, Neungtong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, 02-456-7238 mass.konkuk.ac.kr 1995.10.18 University Communacaion & 450-3276~7 Seoul Public Relations

Graduate School Korea of Journalism & 2F., Media Bldg., 145, Anam-ro, 02- mediacom.korea. 136-701 02-925-4797 1992.07.28 University Mass Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 3290-1400~3 ac.kr Communication

Graduate School Kwangju of Mass 277, Hyoduck-ro, Nam-gu, 503-703 062-670-2122 062-670-2629 grad.gwangju.ac.kr 1993.11.16 University Communication & Gwangju Public Relations

Graduate School 6F., Chungwoon Bldg., 26, Kyung- Kyunghee 02- khu.communication. of Journalism & 130-701 heedae-ro, 02-967-7083 1988.11.30 University 961-0560~1 ac.kr Communication Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul

Graduate School of Policy & Kyungpook Information Socialscience Bldg., 80, 702-701 053-950-5259 053-950-6259 social.knu.ac.kr 2000.03.01 University (Major of Mass Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu communication & public relations)

Graduate School wwwdb2.ks.ac. Kyungsung Hansung Bldg., 306, 309, of Multimedia 608-736 051-663-5113 051-663-5115 kr:8010/pages/ 1984.11.27 University Sooyoung-ro, Busan Information & Art JA00004.asp

Graduate School Mokwon of Communica- 88, Doahnbuk-ro, Seo-gu, home.mokwon. 302-729 042-829-7059 042-829-7058 1999.11.02 University tion, Advertising & Daejeon ac.kr/~adpr Public Relations

Journalismschool, 65, Semyung Graduate School journalism.semyung. 390-711 Semyung-ro, Jecheon-si, 043-649-1147 043-649-7172 2007.11.15 University of Journalism ac.kr Choongchungbuk-do

Graduate School Seoul National of Public Policy & 232, Gongneung-ro, Nowon-gu, itpolicy.seoultech. University of 139-743 02-970-6797 02-970-6800 2003.03 Information Seoul ac.kr Technology Technology

Graduate School Sogang Gabriel Bldg. 301, 35, of Mass 121-742 02-705-8182 02-705-8184 gscom.sogang.ac.kr 1991.11.15 University Baekbum-ro, Mapo-gu, Seoul Communication

Sogang Graduate School Gabriel Bldg. 503, 35, 121-742 02-705-8065 02-705-8067 gsmc.sogang.ac.kr 1999.09 University of Media Baekbum-ro, Mapo-gu, Seoul

110 Appendix 4. Directory University Department Zip code Address Tel. Fax. Domain Establishment

Graduate School 5F., Soosun Bldg., 25-2, Sungkyunk- of Journalism & 110-745 Sungkyunkwan-ro, Jongno-gu, 02-760-0904 02-760-0900 speech.skku.edu 1995.10 wan University Mass Seoul Communication

Graduate School Yonsei Univer- of Journalism & 50, Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, 120-749 02-2123-3298 02-2123-8660 jmc.yonsei.ac.kr 1992.03. sity Mass Seoul Communication

Graduate School Yonsei Univer- Sungam Bldg., 50, Yonsei-ro, communication. of Communication 120-749 02-2123-3444 02-2123-8655 1976.03 sity Seodaemun-gu, Seoul yonsei.ac.kr Arts

111