DOCSLIB.ORG

The Romance of the Apothecaries Garden

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

THE ROMANCE OF THE APOTHECAR IES ’ GAR DE N AT CHELSEA A Garden is the p urest of h uman pleasures it is the greatest refreshm ent to the spirits of man . FRANCIS BACON . T H E R OMA NC E OF THE APOTHECARIES’ GARDEN A T C H E L S E A D AW T R E Y D R E W I T T . F. , M A , M .D . Fellow of the Roy al College of Phy sicians. C H A P M A N A N D D O D D , L I M I T E D L O N D O N A N D S Y D N E Y. M C M X X I I . PRINTED F OR CHAPMAN AND DODD B Y C AND CO LTD . AT G AHILL , DRO HEDA 7 2 C. D92! r PREFACE [ 4 2 1 A short time ago the writer was asked to represent the Royal College of Physicians on the Managing Committee of the Chelsea Physic — Garden now under Government control . The request was readily complied with . It ' afiorded an 0 portunity of learning the long h onourab and e history of the Garden , and of reading the records of its public - Spirited supporters , and of its rare trees and flowers . The story may interest some who were unaware of the existence of the Garden . Many must have found , with the writer , an absorbing pleasure in exploring some minute fraction of the great human past —o f under of standing something Yesterday , its aim and ” ' reason . There is in it all the novelty of a journey in an unknown country . This short journey has been exceptionally pleasant ; for it h as taken the writer among men of gentle and attractive lives— the old naturalists and botanists of the Physic Garden — men who lived near Nature— devoted to their dear Mother Earth . F . D . D . U LY 1 22 . J , 9 54 18- 22 AGRI CULTURE CONTENT S Introduction CHAP TER I ’ Existence of Apothecaries Garden from tim e of Stuarts — Botany — closely connected with medicine . Apothecaries b reak away from ’ — ’ Grocers C ompan y b ecome a City C ompany . Grocers petition — ’ James I for the return of th e Apothecaries . The Kin g s reply . The C ompany at last recognized and welcomed b y Lord Mayor . ’ — C ob ham House b ecomes Apothecaries Hall . Blackfriars Theatre ’ — h He bal! b next door . Jo nson , editor of Gerard s r , tastes ananas , organizes botanical excursions , dies fighting for King Charles . — — Money troub les during C ivil War . The Plagu e . The Fire of ’ — — London . Apothecaries Hall reb uilt pp . 13 23 CHAPT ER I I - Apothecaries take lease of Garden in Chels ea, 3 river side village , — ’ bounded on east b y the Westb ourne . King s Private Road not — — finished excellent site for Physic Garden . State barges . Origin — ’ of name Paradise Row . Sir Thomas More s Paradise — ’ in cluded Chelsea Park . Apothecaries Garden 3 Paradise . p p 24— 3 : CHAP TER I I I Plants transferred from Westm inster to the Chelsea Garden . — H L . 168 Visit of Professor erman of eyden Cedars planted 3 , and ’ produce cones in 17 3 2 . - S loane s letter to Ray on the Garden . ’ — — Evelyn s visit to the Garden . C inchona trees . Earl of ’ — — C larendon s visit Proposal to ab andon the Garden . Pe tiver . — ’ Natural History illustrations . Members of the Apothecaries — Society to b e taxed to maintain Garden . Sir Hans Sloane presents ’ G A c in — the arden to the pothe aries February , 1722 . pp . 3 2 44 CHAPT ER IV Sir Hans Sloane born in North of Irelan d delicate boy attends A ’ H C l P P lectures at pothecaries all , he sea hysic Garden , aris and Montpellier accompanies D uke of Albemarle to J amaica returns with large collection of Flora and Fauna practises as a physician in Bloomsb ury created a baronet by George I purchases the 1 Manor of C helsea ; dies in 7 53 , leaving his collections (under — conditions) to form a B ritish Museum . Horace Walpole a — trustee . - Statue placed in Physic Garden . S loane had saved the th ’ Physic Garden , and e right of residents in Chelsea to use King s — — Road Sloane Street represents his life pp . 4 5 54 CHAPTER V — Year 17 22 brings new life to Physic Garden . James Sherard on — . P l M l The Garden Committee hi ip iller , gardener , pub ishes viii CONTENTS ' Gardener s Dictionary — Cotto n introduced into Georgia by the — — A . a R . All pothecaries Is ac and , demonstrator members of ’ — Apothecaries Society taxed to maintain Garden . Wharf built . — — Ho t - houses . Further subscriptions called fe n Monument to — S ir Hans Sloane by R y sb rac k . L inn ae us clas sifies all living Nature — L innae us visits Sir Hans Sloane and the Physic Garden 1 6 . is allowed by Miller to take plants and dried specimens , 7 3 P Kalrn Lin n s an d M 1 8 eter , pupil of mu , visits Garden iller , 74 H walks in footsteps of L inn aeus to Putney eath , and sees the yellow furze ; describes greenhouses in the Garden ; visits Sir Hans S loane an d the museum considers the C hels ea Garden a rival of the botanic gardens of Paris and Leyden . - William — — H . P M . udson , demonstrator hilip iller pensioned Two cedars — cut down and sold in 177 1 pp . 55 6 8 CHAPTER VI S B a P G n L ir Joseph anks s a boy at hysic arden , fishi g with ord S c O a andwi h at Eton and xford sails with Capt in Cook , 17 68 collects plants in Botany B ay typical old - world natural ist brings b ack lava from I celand for rockery in Physic Garden . S tan esby Alch orn e contributes stones from Tower of London . — — B S . C anks and olander present seeds Forsyth , gardener urtis , — — demonstrator . The B otanical Magaz ine Additional tax on — — Apothecaries . Botanical excur sions . Thomas Wheeler , demon ” strato r l A , 1835, successful teacher long ife . rtificial system of Linnaeus only lin k in chain of attempts at a natural ”— L ’ — l system . indley s energy . Robert Fortune , curator , eaves Gar — — den to in troduce tea into India . Expense of the Garden . Pro — fessorsh ip abolished in 1853 . Lab ourers discharged to reduce ex — p en ditu re . Nathaniel Ward introduces Wardian cases attempts to revive Garden . Wardian cases used throughout world . — pp . 69 86 CHAPTER VI I Chelsea Embankmen t opened — Loss of Thames water to the Garden and damage to trees .- Old Maidenhair - tree among the survivors extraordinary antiquity of th e Maidenhair - tree its disappearan ce from among the wild trees cultivated as a sacred tree in China — . M b - and Japan Old ul erry trees , monuments to continual attempts — at profitab le silk - cul ture . The Oriental Plane and London — Planes . I lex . Catalpa Persimmon . Loquat Wistaria . Kaelreuteria pp . 87- 9 5 CHAPT ER VI II S wall l on l — outh bui t Che sea Embankment . Thomas Moore , curator . — Garden passes to Charity Commissioners . - Trustees of London Parochial C harities undertake its management — Rebuildin g of ’ b — P curator s house , la oratory , lecture room , greenhouses . resent — — work on botanical research . Teachers and students Importance of some knowledge of bo tan y pp . 9 6 - 100 ILLU STRATI ONS Facing Page CHELSEA PHYS IC GARDEN FROM THE RIVER 13 ’ TITLE PAGE OF GERARD s HERBALL 20 THE PHYSIC GARDEN LOOKING NORTH OLD PERS IMMON TREE S IR HANS SLOANE STATU E OF S IR HANS SLOANE STATU E OF S IR HANS SLOANE S IR JOSEP H BANKS THE ROCKERY K(E LREU TERIA PAN ICU LATA . MAP OF CHELSEA PHYSIC GARDEN INTRODU CTION THE term Physic Garden — the Official name ’ for the Apothecaries Garden— is a little mis leading . Although for a few years a small part of the Garden supplied herbs to be used in the laboratory at Blackfriars— and although the chief reason for the study of plants at that time was to discover their medicinal qualities— it was will be seen that the Garden founded , not for the production of drugs , but for the advancement Of botany . The word physic had then a wider meaning than it has now . It could be used in i ts original sense Of pertaining to physical “ ” (i.e. natural) science . A Physic garden was a scientific garden , and like physical strength e and physical courage , not necessarily connect d with drugs In the 17th century the two old botanic gardens Of England — those of Oxford and — Chelsea were both styled Physic Gardens . Evelyn tells us that he went to “ the Physic Garden (at Oxford) where the sensitive lant was shewed us for a great wonder . p e r here grew canes , olive tre s , hubarb , u i l besides very good fr it , wh ch when the adies ” had tasted , we returned to our lodgings . It was not a drug - producing garden . The same may be said of the Garden O f the Princess Dowager of Wales at Kew , which xii INTRODU CTION 1 60 was made into a Physic Garden in 7 , and was the small beginning from which the great 1 Royal Botanic Gardens grew . The Physic Garden at Kew House was simply a scientific collection of herbaceous plants arranged by a ’ upil of Philip Miller s according to the new in nman system .
Recommended publications
  • The Correspondence of Julius Haast and Joseph Dalton Hooker, 1861-1886

    The Correspondence of Julius Haast and Joseph Dalton Hooker, 1861-1886

    The Correspondence of Julius Haast and Joseph Dalton Hooker, 1861-1886 Sascha Nolden, Simon Nathan & Esme Mildenhall Geoscience Society of New Zealand miscellaneous publication 133H November 2013 Published by the Geoscience Society of New Zealand Inc, 2013 Information on the Society and its publications is given at www.gsnz.org.nz © Copyright Simon Nathan & Sascha Nolden, 2013 Geoscience Society of New Zealand miscellaneous publication 133H ISBN 978-1-877480-29-4 ISSN 2230-4495 (Online) ISSN 2230-4487 (Print) We gratefully acknowledge financial assistance from the Brian Mason Scientific and Technical Trust which has provided financial support for this project. This document is available as a PDF file that can be downloaded from the Geoscience Society website at: http://www.gsnz.org.nz/information/misc-series-i-49.html Bibliographic Reference Nolden, S.; Nathan, S.; Mildenhall, E. 2013: The Correspondence of Julius Haast and Joseph Dalton Hooker, 1861-1886. Geoscience Society of New Zealand miscellaneous publication 133H. 219 pages. The Correspondence of Julius Haast and Joseph Dalton Hooker, 1861-1886 CONTENTS Introduction 3 The Sumner Cave controversy Sources of the Haast-Hooker correspondence Transcription and presentation of the letters Acknowledgements References Calendar of Letters 8 Transcriptions of the Haast-Hooker letters 12 Appendix 1: Undated letter (fragment), ca 1867 208 Appendix 2: Obituary for Sir Julius von Haast 209 Appendix 3: Biographical register of names mentioned in the correspondence 213 Figures Figure 1: Photographs
  • The Reverend Charles Samuel Pollock Parish-Plant

    The Reverend Charles Samuel Pollock Parish-Plant

    Lankesteriana International Journal on Orchidology ISSN: 1409-3871 [email protected] Universidad de Costa Rica Costa Rica Clayton, Dudley THE REVEREND CHARLES SAMUEL POLLOCK PARISH-PLANT COLLECTOR & BOTANICAL ILLUSTRATOR OF THE ORCHIDS FROM TENASSERIM PROVINCE, BURMA Lankesteriana International Journal on Orchidology, vol. 13, núm. 3, enero, 2013, pp. 215- 227 Universidad de Costa Rica Cartago, Costa Rica Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=44339826020 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative LANKESTERIANA 13(3): 215—227. 2014. I N V I T E D P A P E R* THE REVEREND CHARLES SAMUEL POLLOCK PARISH - PLANT COLLECTOR & BOTANICAL ILLUSTRATOR OF THE ORCHIDS FROM TENASSERIM PROVINCE, BURMA DUDLEY CLAYTON Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey TW9 3AB, United Kingdom [email protected] ABSTRACT. Charles Parish collected plants in Burma (now Myanmar) between 1852 and 1878. His orchid collections, both preserved and living plants, were extensive. He sent plant material and watercolour sketches to Sir William Hooker at Kew and living plants to the British orchid nursery of Messrs Hugh Low & Co. of Upper Clapton. H.G. Reichenbach obtained examples of the Parish plant material from Hugh Low and he visited Kew where he studied the Parish orchid specimens and illustrations and many of them were subsequently described by Reichenbach. His beautiful and accurate watercolour paintings of orchids were bound in two volumes and eventually came to Kew following his death.
  • The Worshipful Society of Apothecaries of London P Hunting

    The Worshipful Society of Apothecaries of London P Hunting

    41 Postgrad Med J: first published as 10.1136/pmj.2003.015933 on 3 February 2004. Downloaded from HISTORY OF MEDICINE The Worshipful Society of Apothecaries of London P Hunting ............................................................................................................................... Postgrad Med J 2004;80:41–44. doi: 10.1136/pgmj.2003.015933 The Society of Apothecaries is both a City livery company chose to practise as an apothecary from a shop at Black Friars, making his name and fortune from and an examining authority for the medical profession. the manufacture of De Laune’s Pills, a nostrum Founded in 1617 by the royal apothecary Gideon de recommended for scurvy, dropsy, jaundice, Laune leading a breakaway group from the Grocers’ venereal disease, worms, etc. De Laune did not join the Grocers’ Company and he was prepared Company, the Society was instrumental in raising the status to defy that Company’s authority by leading a of apothecaries as general practitioners. Under the breakaway group of apothecaries determined to Apothecaries’ Act (1815) the Society examined for the LSA establish their independence. There was an acrimonious confrontation between de Laune and it now awards the LMSSA (Licence in Medicine and and the Court of the Grocers’ Company in 1610 Surgery of the Society of Apothecaries) and postgraduate when the apothecaries’ bid for self regulation diplomas, while maintaining the civic, charitable, and failed. By 1614 however, de Laune had recruited the support of a fellow Huguenot, the King’s ceremonial traditions of a livery company of the City of physician Dr Theodore Mayerne, and Dr Henry London. Atkins, seven times President of the College of ..........................................................................
  • The Charles Knight-Joseph Hooker Correspondence

    The Charles Knight-Joseph Hooker Correspondence

    A man tenax propositi: transcriptions of letters from Charles Knight to William Jackson Hooker and Joseph Dalton Hooker between 1852 and 1883 David J. Galloway Hon. Research Associate Landcare Research, and Te Papa Tongarewa [email protected] Geoscience Society of New Zealand miscellaneous publication 133J December 2013 Published by the Geoscience Society of New Zealand Inc, 2013 Information on the Society and its publications is given at www.gsnz.org.nz © Copyright David J. Galloway, 2013 Geoscience Society of New Zealand miscellaneous publication 133J ISBN 978-1-877480-36-2 ISSN 2230-4495 (Online) ISSN 2230-4487 (Print) This document is available as a PDF file that can be downloaded from the Geoscience Society website at: http://www.gsnz.org.nz/information/misc-series-i-49.html Bibliographic Reference Galloway D.J. 2013: A man tenax propositi: transcriptions of letters from Charles Knight to William Jackson Hooker and Joseph Dalton Hooker between 1852 and 1883 Geoscience Society of New Zealand miscellaneous publication 133J. 88 pages. A man tenax propositi: transcriptions of letters from Charles Knight to William Jackson Hooker and Joseph Dalton Hooker between 1852 and 1883 Contents Introduction 3 Charles Knight correspondence at Kew 5 Acknowledgements 6 Summaries of the letters 7 Transcriptions of the letters from Charles Knight 15 Footnotes 70 References 77 Figure 1: Dr Charles Knight FLS, FRCS 2 Figure 2: Group photograph including Charles Knight 2 Figure 3: Page of letter from Knight to Hooker 14 Table 1: Comparative chronology of Charles Knight, W.J. Hooker and J.D. Hooker 86 1 Figure 1: Dr Charles Knight FLS, FRCS Alexander Turnbull Library,Wellington, New Zealand ¼-015414 Figure 2: Group taken in Walter Mantell‟s garden about 1865 showing Charles Knight (left), John Buchanan and James Hector (right) and Walter Mantell and his young son, Walter Godfrey Mantell (seated on grass).
  • Botanical Gardens in the West Indies John Parker: the Botanic Garden of the University of Cambridge Holly H

    Botanical Gardens in the West Indies John Parker: the Botanic Garden of the University of Cambridge Holly H

    A Publication of the Foundation for Landscape Studies A Journal of Place Volume ıı | Number ı | Fall 2006 Essay: The Botanical Garden 2 Elizabeth Barlow Rogers: Introduction Fabio Gabari: The Botanical Garden of the University of Pisa Gerda van Uffelen: Hortus Botanicus Leiden Rosie Atkins: Chelsea Physic Garden Nina Antonetti: British Colonial Botanical Gardens in the West Indies John Parker: The Botanic Garden of the University of Cambridge Holly H. Shimizu: United States Botanic Garden Gregory Long: The New York Botanical Garden Mike Maunder: Fairchild Tropical Botanic Garden Profile 13 Kim Tripp Exhibition Review 14 Justin Spring: Dutch Watercolors: The Great Age of the Leiden Botanical Garden New York Botanical Garden Book Reviews 18 Elizabeth Barlow Rogers: The Naming of Names: The Search for Order in the World of Plants By Anna Pavord Melanie L. Simo: Henry Shaw’s Victorian Landscapes: The Missouri Botanical Garden and Tower Grove Park By Carol Grove Judith B. Tankard: Maybeck’s Landscapes By Dianne Harris Calendar 22 Contributors 23 Letter from the Editor The Botanical Garden he term ‘globaliza- botanical gardens were plant species was the prima- Because of the botanical Introduction tion’ today has established to facilitate the ry focus of botanical gardens garden’s importance to soci- The Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries widespread cur- propagation and cultivation in former times, the loss of ety, the principal essay in he botanical garden is generally considered a rency. We use of new kinds of food crops species and habitats through this issue of Site/Lines treats Renaissance institution because of the establishment it to describe the and to act as holding opera- ecological destruction is a it as a historical institution in 1534 of gardens in Pisa and Padua specifically Tgrowth of multi-national tions for plants and seeds pressing concern in our as well as a landscape type dedicated to the study of plants.
  • Early Cultivation of Macaronesian Plants in Three European Botanic Gardens

    Early Cultivation of Macaronesian Plants in Three European Botanic Gardens

    Rev. Acad. Canar. Cicnc, XXIII (Num. 3), 1 13-143 (201 1) (publicado en abril de 2012) EARLY CULTIVATION OF MACARONESIAN PLANTS IN THREE EUROPEAN BOTANIC GARDENS - J. Francisco-Ortega' -, A. Santos-Guerra\ L. Sanchez-Pinto\ & M. Maunder' Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, University Park, Miami, FL 33199, U.S.A. e-mail: ortegajrafiu.edu (correspondence) ^Center for Tropical Plant Conservation, Fairchild Tropical Botanic Garden 1 1935 Old Cutler Road. Coral Gables (Miami), FL 33 156, U.S.A. ^ Unidad de Botanica, Instituto Canario de Investigaciones Agrarias Calle Retama, num. 2, Puerto de la Cruz, 38400 Tenerife. Spain * Museo de la Naturaleza y el Hombre, Calle Fuente Morales, num. 2 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, 38003 Tenerife, Spain ABSTRACT The Chelsea Physic Garden (London) (established in 1673), the Botanic Garden of Amsterdam (established in 1682), and the Clifford's Hartekamp Gardens (the Netherlands, es- tablished in 1 709 by George Clifford II) were among the most important pre-Linnaean botanic gardens in Europe and were famous because of their living collections of exotic plants. There is relatively extensive documentation of what plant material was grown in these botanic gar- dens prior to Linnaeus establishing the now generally accepted binomial system for naming plants. A study of these documents pertinent to species originally from the Macaronesian Is- lands is presented as a contribution to the history of European plant collections and the in- troduction of new exotics to European horticulture. A total of 29 taxa from the region w ere cultivated in at least one of these gardens between 1689 and 1751.
  • European Lycopods and Ferns

    European Lycopods and Ferns

    European Red List of Lycopods and Ferns Mariana García Criado, Henry Väre, Ana Nieto, Rui Bento Elias, Robert Dyer, Yury Ivanenko, Daniella Ivanova, Richard Lansdown, José Antonio Molina, Germinal Rouhan, Fred Rumsey, Angelo Troia, Jan Vrba and Maarten J. M. Christenhusz European Red List of Lycopods and Ferns Mariana García Criado, Henry Väre, Ana Nieto, Rui Bento Elias, Robert Dyer, Yury Ivanenko, Daniella Ivanova, Richard Lansdown, José Antonio Molina, Germinal Rouhan, Fred Rumsey, Angelo Troia, Jan Vrba and Maarten J. M. Christenhusz The designation of geographical entities in this book, and the presentation of the material, do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of IUCN concerning the legal status of any country, territory, or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The views expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect those of IUCN. This publication has been prepared by IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature) as a deliverable of the LIFE European Red Lists project (LIFE14 PRE/BE/000001). Project Title: Establishing a European Red List of Bryophytes, Pteridophytes, Saproxylic Beetles, Terrestrial Molluscs and Vascular Plants (LIFE European Red Lists; LIFE14 PRE/BE/000001). Project duration: May 2015 to December 2018. Project’s total costs: 1,166,667 EUR. Contribution of the LIFE Programme: 700,000 EUR. The LIFE Programme (http://ec.europa.eu/environment/life/index.htm) is the EU’s financial instrument supporting environmental, nature conservation and climate action projects throughout the EU. The general objective of LIFE is to contribute to the implementation, updating and development of EU environmental, nature conservation and climate policy and legislation by co- financing projects with European added value.
  • Garden History Lucky Dip Curiosity Level Prompt Sheets

    Garden History Lucky Dip Curiosity Level Prompt Sheets

    SHARING REPTON: HISTORIC LANDSCAPES FOR ALL Garden History Lucky Dip Curiosity Level prompt sheets The Garden History Lucky Dip is an activity to encourage informal interest in garden history. The Garden History Lucky Dip uses everyday objects to introduce a particular topic. The prompt sheets were developed to lead the conversation about the topic, stimulating discussion within a small group of participants. The sheets provide short stories about garden history to generate interest and inspire further involvement. The Garden History Lucky Dip activity is intended to be an interactive workshop, and is suitable to do within an hour, easily conducted over a lunch break or long tea break at an event, AGM, or other meeting. The prompt sheets are aimed at three different levels of interest and knowledge in garden history. Curiosity Level is aimed at those who have some knowledge of garden history and are curious to know more. Prepared by Dr Audrey Gerber https://www.audreygerber.co.uk/ Object: Brick Subject : Walled gardens Prompt questions: Where do you think bricks might be used in a garden? Steps, paving, garden buildings. Lead conversation to walls, and then introduce the walled kitchen garden. Conversation teasers: What would bricks add to a walled garden? (shelter from wind, protection from deer and rabbits, warmth from the sun) Can you think what the three main things are that plants need to grow? (water, sunshine, soil) Do you or your family ever grow vegetables? (If they have lived in a different country ask what they can grow there and not in the UK.) Garden History story: Walled gardens were important to the grand estates of the 17th and 18th centuries in Britain.
  • Botanic Gardens and the Aesthetics of Artifice Cairns Craig

    Botanic Gardens and the Aesthetics of Artifice Cairns Craig

    Botanic Gardens and the Aesthetics of Artifice Cairns Craig In 1651 Andrew Balfour, later one of the founders of the Edinburgh Botanic Garden, visited Blois in France, where the physic garden developed by Robert Morison, then physician to the Duc d’Orléans, had become famous for its col- lection of plants that could be exploited for medicinal purposes. Morison, from Aberdeen, had left Scotland after being wounded fighting on the Royalist side against Cromwell’s forces in the battle of the Bridge of Dee in 1639. Having, like many other royalist exiles, taken up residence in France, he obtained a doctorate in medicine at Angers and went on to study botany in Paris with Vespasian Robin, then prominent in the introduction of North American plants into European horticulture. Balfour’s meeting with Morison was to lead to a lifelong friendship in which each supported the other’s botanical studies. Morison returned to Britain with Charles II in 1660, to become the King’s physician and subsequently Professor of Botany at Oxford; Balfour, having developed a reputation as a doctor first in St Andrews and then in Edinburgh, extended his medical practice by establishing, along with his cousin Robert Sibbald, who had also trained in France, a ‘physic garden’ to emulate those on the Continent, many of which Balfour had visited while on a ‘grand tour’ with the young Earl of Rochester during the years 1661–4. Balfour and Sibbald’s physic garden was transformed into a botanic garden after the unexpected death in 1671 of one of Balfour’s protégés, Patrick Murray (or Morray), Baron of Livingston (or Levengstone), who had been on a tour of the gardens of France.
  • Scientific Papers of Asa Gray, Vol II, 1841-1886

    Scientific Papers of Asa Gray, Vol II, 1841-1886

    This is a reproduction of a library book that was digitized by Google as part of an ongoing effort to preserve the information in books and make it universally accessible. https://books.google.com I ■ *- I University of Virginia Library QK3 G77 1889 V.2 SEL Scientific papers of Asa Gray, NX DD1 7DD 2CH LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIA FROM THE BOOKS OF REV. HASLETT McKIM i : i M SCIENTIFIC PAPERS OF ASA GRAY SELECTED BY CHARLES SPRAGUE SARGENT VOL. II. ESSAYS; BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 1841-1886 T O ■TT'H rp "» T BOSTON AND NEW YORK HOUGHTON, MIFFLIN AND COMPANY ffibe iiiiuTsiDc Pre?!*, £ambrit>or 18S9 3 .GJ 7 1883 1 560^ y, , . Copyright, 1889, Bt CHARLES S PRAGUE SARGENT. All rights reserved. ' The Riverside Frets, Cambridge, Mass , V. S. A. Electrotyped and Printed by II. 0. lloughtou & Company. CONTENTS. ESSAYS. PAGJ European Herbaria 1 Notes of a Botanical Excursion to the Mountains op North Carolina 22 The Longevity of Trees 71 The Flora of Japan 125 Sequoia and its History 142 Do Varieties Wear Out or tend to Wear Out .... 174 ^Estivation and its Terminology 181 A Pilgrimage to Torreya 189 Notes on the History of Helianthus Tubehosus .... 197 Forest Geography and Archeology 204 The Pertinacity and Predominance of Weeds .... 234 The Flora of North America 243 Gender of Names of Varieties 257 Characteristics of the North American Flora .... 260 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. Brown and Humboldt 283 Augustin-Pyramus De Candolle 289 Benjamin D. Greene 310 Charles Wilkes Short 312 Francis Boott 315 William Jackson Hooker 321 John Lindley 333 William Henry Harvey 337 Henry P.
  • Chapter 5 Kensal

    Chapter 5 Kensal

    Chapter 5 Kensal CV5 Vision for Kensal Kensal Canalside Opportunity Area will have been transformed from a former gasworks and railway depot into a thriving, well-connected community. A new Crossrail station will minimise the need for private vehicle use, improve employment prospects in the north of the borough and make travelling to work easier. Residential-led development will have made the most of its canalside location, with dockside development and improved access to the waterway, and of the green setting provided by Kensal Green Cemetery. New connections will provide a link across the railway and westwards to Scrubs Lane and Old Oak Park Royal. The Treverton Estate will have been regenerated to provide new schools and will be an even more appealing place to live. Kensal Employment Zone will provide flexible workspace, and supporting uses that bring vitality, to allow small and medium sized businesses to flourish, building on the area’s existing strengths in the creative sector. Consultation: Please provide your comments on the Draft Policies, supporting text and any options and alternatives (set out in respective Policy Formulation Reports) by completing the Consultation Response Form at https://planningconsult.rbkc.gov.uk/consult.ti/LPPRDP/ 50 Key issues and potential opportunities 51 5.1 Introduction 5.1.1 Kensal lies to the very north of the borough, bordering the London Boroughs of Hammersmith and Fulham, Brent and the City of Westminster, and is adjacent to the Old Oak and Park Royal regeneration area. 5.2 Context The Great Western Main Line and the Grand Union Canal run east-west through the area.
  • The Reverend Charles Samuel Pollock Parish - Plant Collector & Botanical Illustrator of the Orchids from Tenasserim Province, Burma

    The Reverend Charles Samuel Pollock Parish - Plant Collector & Botanical Illustrator of the Orchids from Tenasserim Province, Burma

    LANKESTERIANA 13(3): 215—227. 2014. I N V I T E D P A P E R* THE REVEREND CHARLES SAMUEL POLLOCK PARISH - PLANT COLLECTOR & BOTANICAL ILLUSTRATOR OF THE ORCHIDS FROM TENASSERIM PROVINCE, BURMA DUDLEY CLAYTON Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey TW9 3AB, United Kingdom [email protected] ABSTRACT. Charles Parish collected plants in Burma (now Myanmar) between 1852 and 1878. His orchid collections, both preserved and living plants, were extensive. He sent plant material and watercolour sketches to Sir William Hooker at Kew and living plants to the British orchid nursery of Messrs Hugh Low & Co. of Upper Clapton. H.G. Reichenbach obtained examples of the Parish plant material from Hugh Low and he visited Kew where he studied the Parish orchid specimens and illustrations and many of them were subsequently described by Reichenbach. His beautiful and accurate watercolour paintings of orchids were bound in two volumes and eventually came to Kew following his death. They have been extensively used by botanists such as Robert Rolfe, Victor Summerhayes, Gunnar Seidenfaden and Jeffery Wood when working on the orchid floras of the region. Parish’s life, collecting activities and collections are discussed here. The name Parish as a collector of orchids in No record has yet been found, but it is most likely Burma (Myanmar) will be familiar to those who that Charles Parish returned to England for his formal study orchids but it is unlikely that many people education in 1832 or thereabouts, aged ten. On 12th will know very much about him. Charles Samuel December 1837, aged fifteen, he was admitted to St Pollock Parish (1822-1897) (Fig.