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Tribe Anthemideae, Subtribe Pentziinae) from the Cape Floristic Region of South Africa ⁎ A.R

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Tribe Anthemideae, Subtribe Pentziinae) from the Cape Floristic Region of South Africa ⁎ A.R Available online at www.sciencedirect.com South African Journal of Botany 76 (2010) 279–284 www.elsevier.com/locate/sajb Two new species of Asteraceae (tribe Anthemideae, subtribe Pentziinae) from the Cape Floristic Region of South Africa ⁎ A.R. Magee , J.C. Manning South African National Biodiversity Institute, Compton Herbarium, Private Bag X7, Claremont 7735, South Africa Received 26 October 2009; accepted 10 November 2009 Abstract Two new species of Asteraceae (tribe Anthemideae, subtribe Pentziinae) from the Cape Floristic Region of South Africa are described. Marasmodes schlechteri Magee & J.C.Manning, a local endemic from the lowlands between Piketberg and the Olifants River Mountains, is distinguished by its spreading leaves with axillary fascicles and relatively large, solitary capitula with obconical involucre borne on very short lateral shoots. Pentzia trifida Schltr. ex. Magee & J.C.Manning is a well-collected limestone fynbos endemic that is readily distinguished by the regularly trifid leaves, broadly cyathiform involucres with lanceolate to oblanceolate bracts, and the well developed pappus extending the entire length of the relatively short corolla tube. © 2009 SAAB. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Keywords: Asteraceae–Anthemideae; Cape Floral Region; Marasmodes schlechteri; New species; Pentzia trifida; Taxonomy 1. Introduction Källersjö, Oncosiphon Källersjö, Pentzia Thunb., and Rennera Merxm.), are characterised by epaleate receptacles, anthers with Asteraceae tribe Anthemideae are largely Old World and unpolarised endothecial tissue and slender filament collars, north temperate in distribution, with one of the three main basifixed hairs (except Pentzia), myxogenic cells on the abaxial centres of diversity within southern Africa (Heywood and surface and adaxial ribs of the achenes (except Oncosiphon and Humphries, 1977; Bremer and Humphries, 1993). Anthemidae, Rennera), a pappus which, when present, is adaxially longer, like the related Gnaphalieae (Bayer et al., 2000; Bergh and and a base chromosome number of x=9 (Oberprieler et al., Linder, 2009) and Senecioneae (Pelser et al., 2007), are 2007). Several of the genera in the subtribe were previously postulated to have their origins in southern Africa (Watson united under a broad concept of Pentzia until the latter was et al., 2000; Oberprieler, 2005; Himmelreich et al., 2008), with dismembered by Källersjo (1988). Despite this there remains two possibly independent dispersal events into Asia and the doubt regarding the monophyly of Pentzia, particularly in Mediterranean region. While sister group relationships between relation to Marasmodes (Bremer and Humphries, 1993; the Southern and Northern Hemisphere representatives of Källersjo, 1988). Marasmodes and Pentzia are generally Anthemideae remain poorly resolved, there is some evidence distinguished from one another by the sessile vs. pedunculate of a close relationship between the largely southern African capitula, the usually reflexed vs. erect corolla lobes, and the subtribe Pentziiae and the Asian-centred subtribes Handeliinae several vs. usually single pappus scales (Källersjo, 1988; Ortiz, and Artemisiinae (Himmelreich et al. 2008). 2009). Pentzia has a highly disjunct distribution, with almost all Pentziiae (Oberprieler et al., 2007), which comprise seven, the species occurring within southern Africa (centre of diversity almost exclusively southern African genera (Cymbopappus B. within the Karoo–Namib Region) except for four species Nord., Foveolina Källersjö, Marasmodes DC., Myxopappus described from North Africa (Maire, 1929, 1936; Thulin, 2001). The genus, which currently comprises ±27 spp., has not been ⁎ Corresponding author. Tel.: +27 21 799 8881; fax: +27 21 761 4151. revised since the preliminary synopsis of Hutchinson (1917b). E-mail address: [email protected] (A.R. Magee). Eleven species of Marasmodes are recognised, eight of which 0254-6299/$ - see front matter © 2009 SAAB. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. doi:10.1016/j.sajb.2009.11.004 280 A.R. Magee, J.C. Manning / South African Journal of Botany 76 (2010) 279–284 have only recently been identified (Ortiz, 2009). The species are 2.1.1. Distribution and ecology all highly localised endemics of the Cape Floristic Region of Known from only a few collections between Piketberg and South Africa. the foot of the Olifants River Mountains in Western Cape In this paper we describe two new Cape endemic species, Province (Fig. 2). Plants at the type locality are restricted both of which have eluded description since first collected by to gravelly alluvium in transitional renosterveld–fynbos vege- the German Botanist Rudolf Schlechter. One is yet another tation as part of the highly fragmented Swartland Silcrete highly localised species of Marasmodes from the foothills of Renosterveld (Mucina and Rutherford, 2006) vegetation, which the Olifants River Mountains and the other a limestone endemic elsewhere supports another endemic species of Marasmodes, clearly allied to Pentzia section Corymbosae (Hutchinson, M. oligocephala DC. M. schlechteri flowers from May to 1917b). This work forms part of a broader project aimed at June, after the onset of the winter rains, as in all the other species producing a much needed taxonomic revision of Pentzia and of the genus. assessing generic circumscriptions within Pentziinae. 2.1.2. Diagnostic characters M. schlechteri resembles M. macrocephala S. Ortiz in its 2. Taxonomic treatment spreading leaves and relatively large, solitary capitula (Fig. 1a) with obconical involucre (Fig. 1c) but is distinguished by the axillary 2.1. Marasmodes schlechteri fascicles of short leaves (Fig. 1a, b) and the very short lateral shoots, 0.5–4.0 mm long, on which the capitula are borne (prominent leafy M. schlechteri Magee and J.C.Manning, species nova, shoots 5–50 mm long in M. macrocephala). Marasmodi macrocephalae similis foliis procurrentibus, capitulis relative magnis solitariis et involucro obconico, sed fasciculis 2.1.3. Notes axillaribus foliorum brevium et surculis lateralibus brevissimis This species was first collected by Rudolf Schlechter at capitulis portantibus, 0.5–4.0 (–10)mm longis (in M. macro- Piketberg in 1896 under the name Marasmodes adenosolen cephala surculi foliosi prominentes 5–50 mm longi) differt. Harv. In his synopsis of the genus, Hutchinson (1917a) Type: South Africa. Western Cape Province, Clanwilliam district recognized four species, including M. adenosolen, based on (3218): western foot of Piekenierskloof Pass (-DB), 27 May 2009, the Schlechter collection. However, Hutchinson never saw the Magee, Manning & Boatwright 145 (NBG, holo.; BOL, K, PRE, type which represents a very different, radiate-flowered plant S, iso.). now treated as Cympopappus adenosolen (Harv.) B. Nord. A Marasmodes adenosolen auct. non Harv.: Hutch., Bull. later collection from the foot of the Piketberg by Elsie Misc. Inform. 1916: 172. Esterhuysen was also overlooked and the true identity of the Well-branched, twiggy shrublets, 0.3–0.6 m tall; branches taxon only established recently when we collected it at the foot subglabrous, with sparse sessile glands. Leaves alternate, of Pikenierskloof Pass. spreading, linear, 5.0–10 (–12)×0.5 (–5.0)mm, simple or rarely with 1–3 subterete lateral lobes 3.0–8.0×0.5 mm, 2.1.4. Additional specimens examined mucronulate, leathery, green, glandular-punctate, often with a South Africa. –3218 (Clanwilliam): Near Eendekuil, western short axillary tuft. Capitula discoid, homogamous, solitary, foot of Piekenierskloof Pass (–DB), 1 July 2002, Manning sessile, terminal on very short axillary shoots, 0.5–4.0 (–10) 2747 (NBG); SE end of Piketberg Mountain, stony, clayish mm long. Involucre obconical, 5.0–7.0 mm×4.0–5.0 mm; lower slopes (–DC/DD), 28 May 1952, Esterhuysen 20134 bracts 5 or 6-seriate, glabrous, stereome cream-coloured, with (BOL, PRE); Piketberg, 29 June 1896, Schlechter 7899 (BOL, pale yellowish brown, scarious margins, yellowish glands at PRE, Z). base; outer bracts ovate, 1.5–2.5 mm long, stereome prominent with upper portion conspicuously green-flanked, scarious 2.2. Pentzia trifida margin and tip absent or very narrow; middle bracts lanceolate, 3.0–3.5 mm long, upper portion of stereome conspicuously P. trifida Schltr. ex. Magee and J.C.Manning, species nova, green-flanked, scarious margin and tip very narrow; inner bracts P. punctatae similis foliis compositis, collocatione capitulorum lanceolate, ±4.0 mm long, upper portion of stereome slightly corymbosa, involucro late cyanthiformi et tubo corollae relative green-flanked, scarious margins and tip broad. Receptacle brevi (ca. 1 mm longo), sed foliis ordinate trifidis (in convex, epaleate. Florets bisexual, ±18–25 per capitulum. P. punctata pinnatis ad 5-fida), bracteis mediis lanceolatis ad Corolla ±3.5 mm long, yellow, glandular, tube 5-nerved; limb oblanceolatas (vs. ovatas) et pappo bene evoluto extenso usque campanulate, 5-lobed; lobes triangular, erect to recurved. ad fundum limbi corollae (in P. punctata pappus debiliter Anthers 3.0–3.5 mm long including apical appendages, evolutus et non super dimidium limbi corollae extensus) differt. ecaudate, apical appendages ovate, obtuse. Style terete with Type: South Africa. Western Cape Province, Riversdale district thickened base; branches truncate, papillate apically-dorsally. (3421): Hassequa Municipal Pauline Bohnen Nature Reserve, Pappus of 7–14 scales, usually adaxially longer, 0.2–1.5 mm Still Bay (–AD), 1 April 2009, Naude s.n. (NBG,
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