DOCSLIB.ORG

From Night to Darker Night: Addressing Discrimination And

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
From Night to Darker Night: Addressing Discrimination And The Equal Rights Trust is an independent interna- tional organisation whose purpose is to combat dis- crimination and promote equality as a fundamental human right and a basic principle of social justice. We pursue and promote the right to equality as a right to participate in all areas of life on an equal basis, which requires taking a holistic, comprehensive approach Equal Rights Trust to different inequalities. On 25 February 2015, the President of Yemen, Abd Rabbu Mansour Hadi, fled the capital Sana’a, following months of mounting tensions between his- government and the rebel Ansar Allah movement, which had culminated in the takeover of the capital. Ansar Allah’s takeover of Sana’a marked the es calation of a bitter and bloody conflict which continues today, engendering a humanitarian and human rights crisis. Since the outbreak of the conflict, the international community’s attention has largely been focussed on this humanitarian crisis and, to a lesser extent, on violations of international humanitarian law and human rights law being committed by all parties to the conflict. Less attention has been paid to the - ▪ pre-existing circumstances in the country, and the way in which the conflict Series: Yemen Report Country has exacerbated the patterns of inequality, disadvantage and discrimina tion faced by certain groups in Yemen. From Night to - This report – conceived before the outbreak of the conflict but completed Darker Night in its shadow – examines these patterns of discrimination and disadvan tage. It finds that, while the conflict has ravaged the country, affecting the entire population, the effect has not been uniform. Rather, the conflict has- Addressing Discrimination had a particular impact on groups historically subjected to discrimination and marginalisation – including women and girls, the Muhamasheen com- and Inequality in Yemen munity, and religious minorities – who have become more vulnerable to pre-existing types of discrimination and have faced new forms of discrimi- natory treatment and exclusion. The conflict has also created a new group vulnerable to discrimination – internally displaced persons – who experi ence severe deprivation and dislocation. - Thus, the conflict which continues to rage in Yemen has, in the words of Yem- eni poet Abdullah Al-Baradouni, plunged Yemen’s marginalised groups from “night to darker night”. As such, this report’s first and primary recommenda tion is that the parties to the conflict cease hostilities. The report then makes recommendations for immediate implementation, for a future transitional process, and for implementation after the conflict has concluded, all with the aim of increasing enjoyment of the rights to equality and non-discrimination, and so improving the lives of the country’s most marginalised. This publication was produced with the financial support of the European Union. Equal Rights Trust Its contents are the sole responsibility of the Equal Rights Trust and do not necessarily reflect the views of the European Union. EQUAL RIGHTS TRUST From Night to Darker Night Addressing Discrimination and Inequality in Yemen The Equal Rights Trust Country Report Series: 9 London, June 2018 The Equal Rights Trust is an independent international organisation whose purpose is to combat discrimination and promote equality as a fundamental human right and a basic principle of social justice. © June 2018 Equal Rights Trust © Cover Design: Istvan Fenyvesi © Cover Photos (from top to bottom): Mathieu Génon, via justdia.org; Noor Al Hassan, via Al Jazeera English; Rod Waddington, via Flickr; Tyabji, via Wikimedia Commons. Cover Design/Layout: Istvan Fenyvesi Printed in the UK by Stroma Ltd ISBN: 978-1-9996789-0-6 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be translated, reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by other means without the prior written permission of the publisher, or a licence for restricted copying from the Copyright Licensing Agency Ltd., UK, or the Copyright Clearance Centre, USA. Equal Rights Trust 314-320 Gray’s Inn Road London WC1X 8DP United Kingdom Tel. +44 (0) 207 610 2786 Fax: +44 (0) 207 833 0277 www.equalrightstrust.org The Equal Rights Trust is a company limited by guarantee incorporated in England, and a registered charity. Company number 5559173. Charity number 1113288. Its contents are the sole responsibility of the Equal Rights Trust and do not This publication was produced with the financial support of the European Union. necessarily reflect the views of the European Union. My country is handed over from one tyrant to the next, a worse tyrant; from one prison to another, from one exile to another. It is colonised by the observed invader and the hidden one; handed over by one beast to two like an emaciated camel. In the caverns of its death my country neither dies nor recovers. It digs in the muted graves looking for its pure origins for its springtime promise that slept behind its eyes for the dream that will come for the phantom that hid. It moves from one overwhelming night to a darker night. My country grieves in its own boundaries and in other people's land and even on its own soil suffers the alienation of exile. “From Exile to Exile” by Yemeni poet Abdullah Al-Baradouni (1929–1999) “The crowd was shouting: "Heroes! We are with you in the line of fire against the evil rulers!" We were treated roughly by the security forces, and we chant- ed: "If, one day, a people desires to live, then destiny will answer their call," and "The night must come to an end". Tawakkol Karman, Yemeni human rights activist and Nobel Prize Laureate, describing the 2011 Yemen revolution TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY INTRODUCTION ........................................................ 1 Purpose and Structure of this Report ................................. 2 Conceptual Framework .............................................. 3 Research Methodology ............................................. 11 Scope and Limitations of this Report ............................... 14 1. SOCIAL AND POLITICAL CONTEXT .................................17 1.1 Country Context ................................................ 17 1.2 History, Government and Politics ............................... 21 1.2.1 History up to 2000 ........................................ 21 1.2.2 Recent History ............................................ 32 2. LEGAL AND POLICY FRAMEWORK ................................ 47 2.1 Legal Framework Related to Equality and Non-Discrimination ... 48 2.1.1 International Law ......................................... 48 2.1.1.1 Major United Nations Treaties Relevant to Equality .. 48 2.1.1.2 Other Treaties Related to Equality .................. 51 2.1.1.3 Regional Instruments .............................. 53 2.1.1.4 Customary International Law ...................... 54 2.1.1.5 Status of International Obligations in Yemeni National Law ....................................... 55 2.1.1.6 Applicable Legal Framework during Armed .............................. 56 2.1.2 The NationalConflict: Legal An FrameworkOverview on Equality and Non-Discrimination ....................................... 61 2.1.2.1 The Constitution ................................... 63 Discrimination ..................................... 71 2.1.2.2 Specific Legislation on Equality and Anti- 2.1.2.3 Non-Discrimination Provisions in Other Pieces of Legislation ............................... 73 2.1.2.4 National Policies affecting the Right to Equality and Non-Discrimination ........................... 84 2.2 Overview of the Yemeni Justice System .......................... 92 2.2.1 Formal Judicial System. 92 2.2.2 Informal Tribal Arbitration System ......................... 98 the Justice System ........................................ 103 2.2.3 Impact of the Conflict on the Operation and Use of 2.3 Conclusion .................................................... 106 3. PATTERNS OF DISCRIMINATION AND INEQUALITY ..............108 3.1 Discrimination on the Basis of Political Opinion ................ 108 3.2 Discrimination on the Basis of Religion or Belief ................ 141 3.3 Discrimination on the Basis of Gender ......................... 156 3.4 Discrimination on the Basis of Ethnicity and Descent ........... 195 3.5 Discrimination on the Basis of Disability . 217 3.6 Discrimination on the Basis of Health Status .................... 235 3.7 Discrimination on the Basis of Sexual Orientation ............... 241 3.8 Discrimination against Non-Nationals .......................... 246 3.9 Discrimination and Inequality affecting Internally Displaced Persons ............................................. 262 3.10 Conclusion ................................................... 272 4. RECOMMENDATIONS ............................................278 Bibliography .......................................................... 289 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This report is published by the Equal Rights Trust. The report is published in both an English-language version and an Arabic-language version. The con- ceptual framework, structure and research methodology were developed by the Equal Rights Trust as part of its Country Report Series on addressing dis- crimination and inequality in different countries around the world, in close collaboration with its local partner in Yemen, which cannot be named for se- curity reasons. The coordinator of the project which led to this publication was Camilla Alonzo, - duction of this report. The research
Load more

Recommended publications
  • CORVINUS UNIVERSITY of BUDAPEST INTERSTATE RIVALS' INTERVENTION in THIRD PARTY CIVIL WARS: the Comparative Case of Saudi Arabi
    CORVINUS UNIVERSITY OF BUDAPEST INTERSTATE RIVALS’ INTERVENTION IN THIRD PARTY CIVIL WARS: The comparative case of Saudi Arabia and Iran in Yemen (2004-2018) DOCTORAL DISSERTATION Supervisor: Marton Péter, Phd Associate Professor Palik Júlia Budapest, 2020 Palik Júlia Interstate rivals’ intervention in third-party civil wars: The comparative case of Saudi Arabia and Iran in Yemen (2004-2018) Institute of International Studies Supervisor: Marton Péter,Phd Associate Professor © Palik Júlia Corvinus University of Budapest International Relations Multidisciplinary Doctoral School Interstate rivals’ intervention in third-party civil wars: The comparative case of Saudi Arabia and Iran in Yemen (2004-2018) Doctoral Dissertation Palik Júlia Budapest, 2020 Table of Content List of Tables, Figures, and Maps....................................................................................................................................... 9 Abstract ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 12 INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................................................................... 9 1. RESEARCH DESIGN ................................................................................................................................................. 12 1.2. Methodology ...........................................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • The Everyday Geopolitics of Messianic Jews in Israel-Palestine
    Title Page The everyday geopolitics of Messianic Jews in Israel-Palestine. Daniel Webb Department of Geography, Royal Holloway, University of London. Submitted in accordance with the requirements for the degree of PhD, University of London, 2015. 1 Declaration I Daniel Webb hereby declare that this thesis and the work presented in it is entirely my own. Where I have consulted the work of others, this is always clearly stated. Date: Sign: 2 Abstract This thesis examines the geopolitical orientations of Messianic Jews in Jerusalem, Israel-Palestine, in order to shed light on the confluence and co-constitution of religion and geopolitics. Messianic Jews are individuals who self-identify as being ethnically Jewish, but who hold beliefs that are largely indistinguishable from Christianity. Using the prism of ‘everyday geopolitics’, I explore my informants’ encounters with, and experiences of, the Israeli-Palestinian conflict and the dominant geopolitical logics that underpin it. I analyse the myriad of everyday factors that were formative in the shaping of my informants’ geopolitical orientation towards the conflict, focusing chiefly on those that were mediated and embodied through religious practice and belief. The material for the research was gathered in Jerusalem over the course of sixteen months – between September 2012 and January 2014 – largely through ethnographic research methods. Accordingly, I offer a lived alternative to existing work on geopolitics and religion; work that is dominated by overly cerebral and cognitivist views of religion. By contrast, I show how the urgencies of everyday life, as well as a number of religious practices, attune Messianic Jewish geopolitical orientations in dynamic, contingent, and contradictory ways.
    [Show full text]
  • German Arms in the Yemen War
    \ POLICY BRIEF 2 \ 2019 German arms in the Yemen war For a comprehensive arms embargo against the war coalition Marius Bales \ BICC Max M. Mutschler \ BICC Policy recommendations \ A comprehensive arms embargo \ "Coalition of the willing" for an arms In view of the flagrant violation of international humani- embargo at EU level tarian law by the countries involved in the Yemen war, The German government must adopt the European export moratoria of limited duration, such as the current Parliament's demand that no more military equipment German ban on arms exports to Saudi Arabia until 30 be supplied to Saudi Arabia, expand it to include the March, are not sufficient. Because of the active participa- United Arab Emirates and actively support it within the tion of other countries in the air raids, the naval blockade European Union. in the Red Sea and the transfer of arms toYemeni militias, the German government must decide on a comprehen- \ Stop munitions deliveries by defence sive arms embargo that is not limited in time against all companies with German participation countries of the Saudi-led coalition. The German government must exert pressure on Rheinmetall to stop further deliveries of ammunition \ Revoke existing licenses by its foreign subsidiaries and joint ventures to the Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Bahrain, countries of the war coalition. Kuwait, Jordan, Sudan and Senegal are militarily directly involved in the Yemen war either through their partici- \ Increase international pressure on pation in the air raids, the naval blockade or through Gulf Monarchies the deployment of land forces. All of them therefore The federal government must use diplomatic channels must not receive any military equipment from Germany to demand information from Saudi Arabia and the UAE until further notice.
    [Show full text]
  • Provision of Technical Support/Services for an Economical
    A project financed by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Denmark Provision of Technical Support/Services for an Economical, Technological and Environmental Impact Assessment of National Regulations and Incentives for Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Country Report Yemen January 2010, revised April 2010 Norsk-Data-Str. 1 Döppersberg 19 61352 Bad Homburg, Germany 42103 Wuppertal, Germany Tel: +49-6172-9460-103, Fax. +49-6172-9460-20 Tel: +49-202-2492-0, Fax: +49-202-2492-108 eMail: [email protected] eMail: [email protected] http://www.mvv-decon.com http://www.wupperinst.org Table of Contents Page 1. Project Synopsis 1 2. Summary of Energy Situation in Yemen 2 3. Comparison of Yemeni Practice with International Practice in Energy Efficiency 4 3.1 Strategy 4 3.2 Legal Reform 6 3.3 Price Reform 6 3.4 An Agency 8 3.5 Standards and / or Labels 9 3.6 Financial Incentives 10 3.7 Obligations 11 3.8 Audits and the Promotion of ESCOs 12 3.9 Transport and Spatial Planning 12 3.10 Dissemination of Information 13 4. Comparison of Yemeni Practice with International Practice in Renewable Energy 14 4.1 Targets and Strategy 14 4.2 Legal Reform 16 4.3 An Agency 18 4.4 Standards and /or Labels 19 4.5 Financial Incentives (Capital Support) 19 4.6 Feed-in Tariffs and Obligations 20 4.7 CDM Finance 21 4.8 Information 22 4.9 Industrial Policy 22 5. Case Studies 24 5.1 Case Study 1 - Efficient Lighting in Public Buildings 24 5.1.1 Background and Context 24 5.1.1.1 Programme of Activities 24 5.1.1.2 The Lighting market in Yemen 25
    [Show full text]
  • Download File
    Yemen Country Office Humanitarian Situation Report ©UNICEF Yemen/2019/Mahmoud Fadhel Reporting Period: 1 - 31 October 2019 Highlights Situation in Numbers • In October, 3 children were killed, 16 children were injured and 3 12.3 million children in need of boys were recruited by various parties to the conflict. humanitarian assistance • 59,297 suspected Acute Watery Diarrhoea (AWD)/cholera cases were identified and 50 associated deaths were recorded (0.08 case 24.1 million fatality rate) in October. UNICEF treated over 14,000 AWD/cholera people in need suspected cases (one quarter of the national caseload). (OCHA, 2019 Yemen Humanitarian Needs Overview) • Due to fuel crisis, in Ibb, Dhamar and Al Mahwit, home to around 400,000 people, central water systems were forced to shut down 1.71 million completely. children internally displaced • 3.1 million children under five were screened for malnutrition, and (IDPs) 243,728 children with Severe Acute Malnutrition (76 per cent of annual target) admitted for treatment. UNICEF Appeal 2019 UNICEF’s Response and Funding Status US$ 536 million Funding Available* SAM Admission 76% US$ 362 million Funding status 68% Nutrition Measles Rubella Vaccination 91% Health Funding status 77% People with drinking water 100% WASH Funding status 64% People with Mine Risk Education 82% Child Funding status 40% Protection Children with Access to Education 29% Funding status 76% Education People with Social Economic 61% Assistance Policy Social Funding status 38% People reached with C4D efforts 100% *Funds available includes funding received for the current C4D Funding status 98% appeal (emergency and other resources), the carry- forward from the previous year and additional funding Displaced People with RRM Kits 59% which is not emergency specific but will partly contribute towards 2019 HPM results.
    [Show full text]
  • An Agenda for Fairness and Unity
    An Agenda for Fairness and Unity A proactive plan for fairness and unity in our communities, politics, the economy and the law TK THE COMPACT FOR RACIAL JUSTICE T K TABLE OF CONTENTS T K T 1 INTRODUCTION 2 PREAMBLE 5 BUSH OVERVIEW Dominique Apollon: Director of Research, Applied Research Center 10 CIVIL RIGHTS Karin Wang, Esq.:Vice-President, Programs, Asian Pacific American Legal Center Vincent Eng: Deputy Director, Asian American Justice Center 14 BIOTECHNOLOGY Sujatha Jesudason, PhD: Executive Director of Generations Ahead 18 CRIMINAL JUSTICE Ashley Nellis: The Sentencing Project Judy Greene: Policy Analyst, Justice Strategies Patricia Allard: Justice Strategies Tanya Krupat: Program Director, N.Y. Initiative for Children of Incarcerated Parents, The Osborne Association Angelyn Frazer: Families Against Mandatory Minimums 23 GREEN ECONOMIES Van Jones: Founder and President of Green for All 27 HEALTHCARE LeeAnn Hall: Executive Director, Northwest Federation of Community Organizations 31 EDUCATION Tammy Johnson: Director of Strategic Partnerships, Applied Research Center 36 ECONOMY Amaad Rivera: Racial Wealth Divide Director, United for a Fair Economy 40 IMMIGRATION Rinku Sen: President & Executive Director, Applied Research Center Seth Wessler: Research Associate, Applied Research Center TK IN T THE COMPACT FOR RACIAL JUSTICE T RODU INTRODUCTION K T K T The Compact for Racial Justice is a proactive agenda for fairness and unity in our communities, politics, the CT economy and the law. It offers concrete strategies and proposals to reverse racial disparities and move our society towards full equity, inclusion and dignity for all people. The Compact transcends talk of personal prejudice ION with compelling evidence of institutional racism and realistic proactive solutions.
    [Show full text]
  • Faculty of Community and Health Sciences
    FACULTY OF COMMUNITY AND HEALTH SCIENCES DEPARTMENT OF PHYSIOTHERAPY CHALLENGES EXPERIENCED BY MOTHERS OF CHILDREN WITH CEREBRAL PALSY IN NDOLA, ZAMBIA CAROL SINGOGO A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in the Department of Physiotherapy, University of the Western Cape. May 2012 Supervisor: Prof. A Rhoda i ABSTRACT About 10% of children world-wide experience developmental disorders and require access to the health care system. These disorders also require extensive care giving, often throughout childhood and into the adult years. Cerebral palsy (CP) is one such chronic condition, and can serve as a major cause of childhood disability. It is the commonest cause of neurological impairment in childhood and is associated with functional limitations and lifelong disability. Providing the high level of care required by a child with long-term functional limitations can become burdensome and may impact on both the physical and psychological health of the care giver. To prevent problems suffered by mothers of children with CP, it is important to explore the challenges experienced. All studies conducted previously on cerebral palsy in Zambia focus on impairments and difficulties experienced by children with CP and none of the mothers’ challenges have been explored. The aim of this study therefore was to explore the challenges that mothers of children with cerebral palsy experience in Ndola, Zambia. The study was conducted at two rehabilitation centers (Twapia and Mushili) under the Community Based Rehabilitation (CBR) catchment area in Ndola. A qualitative research design was employed. The mothers were stratified and purposefully selected and interviews were stopped once theoretical saturation was reached.
    [Show full text]
  • The Humanitarian Impact of Drones
    THE HUMANITARIAN IMPACT OF DRONES The Humanitarian Impact of Drones 1 THE HUMANITARIAN IMPACT OF DRONES THE HUMANITARIAN IMPACT OF DRONES © 2017 Women’s International League for Peace and Freedom; International Contents Disarmament Institute, Pace University; Article 36. October 2017 The Humanitarian Impact of Drones 1st edition 160 pp 3 Preface Permission is granted for non-commercial reproduction, Cristof Heyns copying, distribution, and transmission of this publication or parts thereof so long as full credit is given to the 6 Introduction organisation and author; the text is not altered, Ray Acheson, Matthew Bolton, transformed, or built upon; and for any reuse or distribution, these terms are made clear to others. and Elizabeth Minor Edited by Ray Acheson, Matthew Bolton, Elizabeth Minor, and Allison Pytlak. Impacts Thank you to all authors for their contributions. 1. Humanitarian Harm This publication is supported in part by a grant from the 15 Foundation Open Society Institute in cooperation with the Jessica Purkiss and Jack Serle Human Rights Initiative of the Open Society Foundations. Cover photography: 24 Country case study: Yemen ©2017 Kristie L. Kulp Taha Yaseen 29 2. Environmental Harm Doug Weir and Elizabeth Minor 35 Country case study: Nigeria Joy Onyesoh 36 3. Psychological Harm Radidja Nemar 48 4. Harm to Global Peace and Security Chris Cole 58 Country case study: Djibouti Ray Acheson 64 Country case study: The Philippines Mitzi Austero and Alfredo Ferrariz Lubang 2 1 THE HUMANITARIAN IMPACT OF DRONES Preface Christof Heyns 68 5. Harm to Governmental It is not difficult to understand the appeal of Transparency Christof Heyns is Professor of Law at the armed drones to those engaged in war and other University of Pretoria.
    [Show full text]
  • Mapping Accountability Efforts in Syria
    MAPPING ACCOUNTABILITY EFFORTS IN SYRIA Prepared by the Public International Law & Policy Group February 2013 PILPG Syria Transitional Justice Mapping Evaluation, February 2013 TABLE OF CONTENTS Statement of Purpose 1 Introduction 1 Background on the Syrian Conflict 2 Methodology 4 Legal Framework for Transitional Justice in Syria 5 Syria’s International Legal Obligations 5 International Criminal Law 5 International Humanitarian Law 10 International Human Rights Law 15 Syria’s Domestic Legal Framework 16 The Syrian Penal Code 16 Amnesties in Transitional Justice 18 Amnesties Issued by the Syrian Government 19 Structure of the Syrian Judicial System 22 Supreme Judicial Council 23 Syrian Court Structure 23 Judicial Independence 26 The Transitional Justice Evidence Documentation Process 27 TJE Collection 28 TJE Compilation 28 Facilitation and Training 29 Other Activities 29 TJE Collection in Syria 30 Syrian Groups and Organizations 30 Civil Society Organizations 30 News Agencies 31 International Organizations 31 Intergovernmental Organizations and Bodies 31 Governmental Initiatives 32 Non-governmental Organizations 32 PILPG Syria Transitional Justice Mapping Evaluation, February 2013 News Agencies 33 Needs and Challenges for TJE Documentation Efforts in Syria 33 Deteriorating Security Situation in Syria 34 Coordinating Efforts 35 Lack of Comprehensive International Legal Approach 36 Inconsistent Verification Standards 37 Reaching All Affected Areas and Populations 37 Rape and Sexual Violence 38 Unbiased Documentation of Violations by All
    [Show full text]
  • Proquest Dissertations
    UNDERSTANDING THE HOUTHI CONFLICT IN NORTHERN YEMEN: A SOCIAL MOVEMENT APPROACH BY AndrewDumm Submitted to the Faculty of the School of International Service of American University in Partiai Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of the Arts m International Affairs Chair: Professor Carl LeVan Dean of the School of International Service CJOfD Date 2010 American University Washington, D.C. 20016 AMERICAN UNJVERSJTY liBRARY Cf:55() UMI Number: 1484559 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. UMI ....----Dissertation Publishing.....___ UMI 1484559 Copyright 2010 by ProQuest LLC. All rights reserved. This edition of the work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. Pro uesr ---- ProQuest LLC 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml48106-1346 ©COPYRIGHT by AndrewDumm 2010 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED To my parents UNDERSTANDING THE HOUTHI CONFLICT IN NORTHERN YEMEN: A SOCIAL MOVEMENT APPROACH BY AndrewDumm ABSTRACT Since 2004, the Yemeni government has been fighting a bloody civil war with local Zaydi Shia forces known as the Houthis in the country's north. Conventional explanations rooted in the recent history of the civil war fail to adequately account for the rise of the rebels and their fundamental grievances, however. A social movement approach, which can contextualize the Houthi rebellion within a historical evolution of Zaydi movements, is used here to · explain the transition of the Houthis from non-violent social movement to armed insurrectionary group.
    [Show full text]
  • Operation Decisive Storm
    ﻣﻮﺳﻮﻋﺔ اﻟﻤﺤﻴﻂ .ﻣﻨﺼﺔ إﻟﺘﺮوﻧﻴﺔ ﻟﻨﺸﺮ اﻟﻤﻠﻔﺎت اﻟﺮﻗﻤﻴﺔ واﻟﻤﻘﺎﻻت اﻟﻤﻮﺳﻮﻋﻴﺔ، ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻌﺎون ﻣﻊ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﻴﻦ OPERATION DECISIVE STORM أﻛﺘﻮﺑﺮ Posted on 2017 ,21 Category: English ALMOHEET: ﺑﻮاﺳﻄﺔ Saudi Arabia deployed 150,000 soldiers, 100 fighter jets and navy units in Yemen after Hadi pleaded with its Gulf ally for help against the Houthi rebels, who were advancing toward the southern city of Aden, where Hadi is based, to remove him from power in an .attempted coup Who took part in the operation With the exception of Oman, members of the Gulf States joined Saudi Arabia with its aerial bombardment of the Houthis. The UAE contributed with 30 fighter jets, Bahrain 15, Kuwait 15, Qatar 10. Non-Gulf states have also showed their support to “Operation Decisive ”.Storm Operation Decisive Storm Page: 1 https://almoheet.net/operation-decisive-storm/ ﻣﻮﺳﻮﻋﺔ اﻟﻤﺤﻴﻂ .ﻣﻨﺼﺔ إﻟﺘﺮوﻧﻴﺔ ﻟﻨﺸﺮ اﻟﻤﻠﻔﺎت اﻟﺮﻗﻤﻴﺔ واﻟﻤﻘﺎﻻت اﻟﻤﻮﺳﻮﻋﻴﺔ، ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻌﺎون ﻣﻊ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﻴﻦ Jordan deployed six fighter jets, Morocco, who expressed “complete solidarity” to Saudi Arabia provided six fighter jets while Sudan supplied three. An army media site confirmed that Sudan took part in the Saudi-led military operation Also, Egypt confirmed it will join .the Saudi-led coalition The Western-backed Syrian National Coalition opposition group also said it backed the Saudi operation and voiced its support to Abdrabbuh Mansur Hadi as Yemen’s .“legitimate” leader In addition to the Arab states support, U.S. President authorized the provision of logistical ”.and intelligence support to “Decisive Storm When? .The operation was declared over on 26 Mar 2015 Air campaign The coalition declared Yemeni airspace to be a restricted area, with King Salman declaring the RSAF to be in full control of the zone.
    [Show full text]
  • Max-Planck-Institut Für Ethnologische Forschung Max Planck Institute for Social Anthropology
    Max-Planck-Institut für ethnologische Forschung Max Planck Institute for Social Anthropology International Workshop INTEGRATION AND CONFLICT AMONG THE AFRICAN DIASPORA IN THE ORIENT November 8th – 9th 2007 Organiser: Ababu Minda Yimene Venue: Max Planck Institute for Social Anthropology, Halle/S., Germany OUTLINE The Siddi are Indians of African origin, whose ancestors arrived in India beginning in the first century A.D. as sailors, domestic servants, serviles, soldiers, free adventurers and merchants. From the 13th to the 17th century India saw a large influx of Siddis as more African personnel were needed for the armies of the rising and expanding Moslem kingdoms of India. Not seldomly did Siddis rise to prominence, attaining military and governmental leadership positions. In fact, some established their own kingdoms, whose dynasties lasted even into the British rule of India. Two cases in point are the State of Habshan in Janjira and the State of Sachin. Siddis have adopted the indigenous religions (most Siddis are Muslim), food, and customs of India, though remnants of their African heritage are retained in their music. Since the Police Action of 1949-51, the armies of India’s princely states were dissolved and power was taken over by the Indian Union Army. The soldiers, including the Siddi, were retired with pensions, a drastic change for which they were ill-prepared. Moreover, as India vigorously strived to join the ranks of industrialised nations, the urban economy was subsequently transformed and the living standard of Siddis stagnated for lack of modern education and marketable skills. The identity of the Siddis has been changing since their arrival in India and especially so since India’s independence which led to the dissolution of the princely states.
    [Show full text]