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Mining Within Protected Environments Within Mpumalanga Province 1

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Mining Within Protected Environments Within Mpumalanga Province 1 L ABSTRACT An expert panel review on issues surrounding mining in Protected Environments, with specific reference to Yzermyn in the Mabola Protected Environment, Mpumalanga. MINING WITHIN Note: Confidential. For internal use – MTPA board. PROTECTED March 2015 ENVIRONMENTS Compiled by Emross Consulting Pty. Ltd. www.emross.co.za WITHIN MPUMALANGA PROVINCE Contents Acronyms used ........................................................................................................................................ 2 1. Introduction .................................................................................................................................... 3 2. Overview - mining in a protected environment.............................................................................. 3 Mining and Biodiversity Conflict in Mpumalanga ............................................................................... 6 3. The declaration of the Mabola Protected Environment ................................................................. 7 Locality of Mabola Protected Environment ........................................................................................ 8 Collective Conservation by Land Owners ........................................................................................... 8 Identification of MPE as an area of Biodiversity Importance: ............................................................ 9 Spatial Importance of MPE ................................................................................................................. 9 Terrestrial Importance ...................................................................................................................... 11 Threatened Ecosystems ............................................................................................................... 11 Critical Biodiversity Areas ............................................................................................................. 11 Hydrological Importance ................................................................................................................... 12 Biogeographical Characteristics .................................................................................................... 12 Wetland Functions ........................................................................................................................ 15 Water Quality and Quantity .......................................................................................................... 17 Founding of the Mabola Protected Environment ............................................................................. 18 4. Potential consequences of de-proclamation of a Protected Environment .................................. 19 Legal .................................................................................................................................................. 19 Social and political ............................................................................................................................ 20 Climate change.................................................................................................................................. 21 5. Proposed mining in the Mabola Protected Environment – specific issues ................................... 23 Physical Footprint of the Proposed Yzermyn ..................................................................................... 23 Loss of habitat ................................................................................................................................... 23 Hydrological consequences of Yzermyn development: .................................................................... 24 Hydrology ...................................................................................................................................... 25 Water Quality ................................................................................................................................ 26 Biodiversity ................................................................................................................................... 26 Area Characteristics .......................................................................................................................... 26 Consequences of Road Development ........................................................................................... 26 Invasives – including people. ........................................................................................................ 26 Tourism ......................................................................................................................................... 26 Habitat Fragmentation ...................................................................................................................... 27 Mining within Protected Environments within Mpumalanga Province 1 Hydrological Function ....................................................................................................................... 30 Heyshope to Grootdraai Transfer Scheme21 ..................................................................................... 31 Proposed Mine Footprint and Works ............................................................................................... 31 Mine Water and Pollution Control .................................................................................................... 33 Quantum of Mine Inflow an Impact on Catchment Yield ............................................................. 33 Potential for Acid Mine Decant and Pollution .............................................................................. 34 Future Development ......................................................................................................................... 35 Externalization of environmental costs: ........................................................................................... 36 6. Conclusions ................................................................................................................................... 37 7. Recommendations ........................................................................................................................ 39 8. References .................................................................................................................................... 40 Acronyms used CBA Critical Biodiversity Area DEA Department of Environmental Affairs DMR Department of Mineral Resources DO Dissolved oxygen EC Electrical conductivity ESA Ecological Support Areas FEPA Freshwater Ecosystem Priority Area GEF Global Environmental Facility (fund) MPAES Mpumalanga Protected Area Expansion Strategy MPE Mabola Protected Environment MTPA Mpumalanga Tourism and Parks Agency NEMA National Environmental Management Act NEMPAA National Environmental Management: Protected Areas Act NFEPA National Freshwater Ecosystem Priority Areas NPAES National Protected Area Expansion Strategy NSS Natural Scientific Services (Yzermyn EIA consultants) PAG Potential acid generation pH Measure of Hydrogen ion in solution - how acidic or basic a solution is. SANBI South African National Biodiversity Institute TDS Total dissolved solids (water quality measure) WfWet Working for Wetlands WWF World Wide Fund for Nature - NGO Mining within Protected Environments within Mpumalanga Province 2 1. Introduction Mpumalanga Tourism and Parks Agency (MTPA) called for a report to assist and advise the MTPA Board on mining within protected environments within Mpumalanga Province. Questions arose following the application to mine in the recently proclaimed Mabola Protected Environment (MPE). This report is aimed at addressing the key questions in this regard, posed by the MTPA Board, namely: 1. Status around mining in a declared protected environment. 2. Was the declaration of the Mabola Protected Environment well founded? 3. What would be the magnitude, scale, duration and permanence of impacts on biodiversity, water yield and quality, agricultural and tourism potential of the proposed Yzermyn coal mine in the Mabola Protected Environment? 4. What may the social, political and legal consequences be, locally, regionally, nationally and internationally, of de-proclaiming the Mabola Protected Environment to allow mining to take place? The report considers each of these in turn (although the order of questions 3 and 4 are swapped). Followed by a set of recommendations. The Issues are looked at initially from a broader national perspective (although local examples are used) and then later focusing into the issues particular to the Mabola Protected Environment. Each component has had input from a team of experts with legal, mining, biodiversity, wetland, social and other expertise. It is intended that this report will provide not only advice, but assist in building capacity and developing policy for the future management of similar situations. 2. Overview - mining in a protected environment This section answers the question: What is the status around mining in a protected environment? The purposes of proclaiming an area as a Protected Area is defined within Section 17 of National Environmental Management: Protected Areas Act (NEMPAA). There are various forms of protected areas, one of which is a Protected Environment. The purpose of a protected area is to protect ecologically viable areas representative of South Africa’s biological diversity and natural landscapes, preserve
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