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Yzermyn PIA Report Palaeontological Assessment of the Proposed Yzermyn Underground Coal Mine, Wakkerstroom, Mpumalanga Province Palaeontological Impact Assessment Project Number: KNE2940 Prepared for: EcoPartners / Kara Nawa Environmental Solutions July 2014 _______________________________________________________________________________________ Digby Wells and Associates (South Africa) (Pty) Ltd (Subsidiary of Digby Wells & Associates (Pty) Ltd). Co. Reg. No. 2010/008577/07. Fern Isle, Section 10, 359 Pretoria Ave Randburg Private Bag X10046, Randburg, 2125, South Africa Tel: +27 11 789 9495, Fax: +27 11 789 9498, [email protected], www.digbywells.com _______________________________________________________________________________________ Directors: A Sing*, AR Wilke, DJ Otto, GB Beringer, LF Koeslag, AJ Reynolds (Chairman) (British)*, J Leaver*, GE Trusler (C.E.O) *Non-Executive _______________________________________________________________________________________ This document has been prepared by Digby Wells Environmental. Palaeontological Impact Assessment Report Type: Palaeontological Assessment of the Proposed Yzermyn Project Name: Underground Coal Mine, Wakkerstroom, Mpumalanga Province KNE2940 Project Code: Name Responsibility Signature Date Marion Bamford Specialist July 2014 Justin du Piesanie Project Manager July 2014 This report is provided solely for the purposes set out in it and may not, in whole or in part, be used for any other purpose without Digby Wells Environmental prior written consent. Digby Wells Environmental i Palaeontological Impact Assessment Palaeontological Assessment of the Proposed Yzermyn Underground Coal Mine, Wakkerstroom, Mpumalanga Province KNE2940 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 Introduction ....................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Project Description .................................................................................................. 1 1.2 Terms of Reference ................................................................................................. 1 2 Methodology...................................................................................................................... 1 3 Geological and Palaeontological Context ......................................................................... 2 4 Summary Discussion and Recommendations .................................................................. 3 4.1 Proposed Palaeontological Monitoring Programme ................................................. 3 5 References ........................................................................................................................ 4 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 3-1: Geological map of the area between Wakkerstroom and Dirkiesdorp (Map enlarged from the Geological Survey 1: 1 000 000 map 1984) .............................................. 2 LIST OF TABLES Table 3-1: Explanation of symbols for the geological map and approximate ages (Johnson et al 2006; Snyman 1998). ........................................................................................................ 3 LIST OF APPENDICES Appendix A: Specialist CV Appendix B: Plans Digby Wells Environmental ii Palaeontological Impact Assessment Palaeontological Assessment of the Proposed Yzermyn Underground Coal Mine, Wakkerstroom, Mpumalanga Province KNE2940 1 Introduction Digby Wells Environmental (Digby Wells) was contracted by Kara Nawa Environmental Solutions (KNES) and EcoPartners to conduct a Phase 1 Palaeontological Impact Assessment (PIA) for Atha Africa Ventures (Pty) Ltd’s (Atha) proposed Yzermyn Underground Coal Mine near Wakkerstroom in the Mpumalanga Province. 1.1 Project Description Atha acquired coal prospecting rights to an area some 58 km southwest of Piet Retief in the Mpumalanga Province. The prospecting area consists of 12 privately owned farms and covers an area of 8 360 ha. Exploration drilling has been undertaken by Mindset Mining Consultants (Pty) Ltd, after which a feasible target area was identified. This covers approximately 2 500 ha comprising of the farms Kromhoek 93, Goedgevonden 95, Yzermyn 96 Portion 1, and Zoetfontein 94. It is proposed that the Utrecht Coalfield, comprising of the Karoo Supergroup geological stratigraphic unit, be mined through means of bord and pillar mining. As part of the Environmental Authorisation process for this project, two heritage assessments were undertaken and submitted to the South African Heritage Resources Agency (SAHRA) via the South African Heritage Resources Information System (SAHRIS). A Case ID was generated (CaseID: 4024) and Interim Comments were issued by SAHRA on 14 February 2013, 19 November 2013 and 9 May 2014. 1.2 Terms of Reference As per the requirements stipulated in the Interim Comment issued by SAHRIS on 9 May 2014 (CaseID: 4024) the larger Yzermyn Project was subject to a Phase 1 PIA inclusive of: ■ Consultation of geological maps, palaeontological databases, published and unpublished records, and peer-reviewed literature; ■ Assessment of palaeontological sensitivity of the proposed project area; and ■ Recommendations for palaeontological monitoring programme. 2 Methodology In order to adequately determine the likelihood of fossils occurring within the proposed project area, the following activities were required: ■ Consultation of geological maps, palaeontological databases and both published and unpublished records; ■ If found to be necessary through the data collection, the following activities will be undertaken: Digby Wells Environmental 1 Palaeontological Impact Assessment Palaeontological Assessment of the Proposed Yzermyn Underground Coal Mine, Wakkerstroom, Mpumalanga Province KNE2940 . Site visit by a qualified palaeontologist to locate and assess fossils and their importance; and . Permit application for the collection, storage and curation of unique or rare fossils, where common fossils can be sacrificed if deemed to have minimal or no scientific importance. 3 Geological and Palaeontological Context The proposed area for mining lies just north-east of Wakkerstroom, and south-west of Dirkiesdorp and is in the Vryheid Formation and in the Vryheid Coalfield (Snyman, 1998), (Figure 3-1). Since coal is formed from the alteration of peat by temperature and pressure, during the early Permian in southern Africa, there will be fossil plants associated with the coal deposits. In the coal itself, however, the plants have been modified beyond recognition, but within the shales and mudstones associated with the coal seams there may be fossil plants preserved. As in all South African coals these will be plants of the Glossopteris flora and include impressions of Glossopteris leaves and fructifications, ferns, sphenophytes and lycopods. There are no published records of fossil plants or vertebrates from this area. Fossil plants of the same age are abundant in other sedimentary settings in the Karoo Basin so they cannot be considered rare. Figure 3-1: Geological map of the area between Wakkerstroom and Dirkiesdorp (Map enlarged from the Geological Survey 1: 1 000 000 map 1984) The approximate location of the prosed underground mine is indicated with the arrow. Abbreviations of the rock types are explained in Table 3-1. Digby Wells Environmental 2 Palaeontological Impact Assessment Palaeontological Assessment of the Proposed Yzermyn Underground Coal Mine, Wakkerstroom, Mpumalanga Province KNE2940 Table 3-1: Explanation of symbols for the geological map and approximate ages (Johnson et al 2006; Snyman 1998). Symbol Group/Formation Lithology Approximate Age Jd Jurassic Dolerite dykes, intrusive Jurassic, approx. 180 Ma Upper Permian, Lower Pa Adelaide & Estcourt Mudstones, shales Beaufort (min. 260 Ma) Pvo Volksrust Shale Middle Permian, Upper Ecca Pv Vryheid Shales, sandstone, coal Lower Permian, Middle Ecca Pp Pietermaritzburg Shale Lower Permian, Lower Ecca 4 Summary Discussion and Recommendations Since the proposed mine is to be underground it means that there are no surface or near- surface exposures of the coal seams and associated shales and mudstones. Therefore there is no need for any further palaeontological assessment until excavation and mining activities have commenced. It is also highly unlikely that good fossil material will be extracted as such operations crush the coals. If fossil plant material is discovered during mining operations, then it is strongly recommended that a professional palaeontologist be called to assess the importance and rescue them if necessary (with the relevant SAHRA permit). Where deemed to be of scientific interest then further visits by a professional palaeontologist would be required to collect more material. Given the shortage of such qualified people in South Africa and the stringent safely laws for underground access by the mining companies, any long term monitoring of the fossils is impractical. Nonetheless a monitoring programme is outline below. As far as the palaeontology is concerned the proposed development can go ahead. Any further palaeontological assessment would only be required after mining has commenced and if fossils are found by the geologist or environmental personnel. 4.1 Proposed Palaeontological Monitoring Programme The following procedure is only required if and when underground mining commences. The surface activities would not impact on the fossil heritage as the coals and any associated fossil plants are below ground. 1. When mining operations commence the shales and mudstones (of no economic value) must be given
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