Medicines Formulary

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Medicines Formulary MEDICINES FORMULARY Medicines formulary between MCHFT and Primary Care as agreed by the Joint Medicines Management committee Introduction Welcome to the MCHFT Medicines Formulary. The formulary includes medicines that have been approved by the Joint Medicines Management Committee (JMMC) for prescribing within the trust. The purpose of the formulary is to ensure prescribing is evidence based and cost effective. All prescribing within the trust (i.e. inpatient, outpatient and FP10HNC prescribing) must comply with the formulary. This will be monitored on a regular basis. Some drugs may appear in more than one section. The formulary is arranged in sections corresponding to those in the British National Formulary (BNF) as below; GASTRO-INTESTINAL SYSTEM ................................................................................................................ 4 CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM .................................................................................................................... 8 RESPIRATORY SYSTEM .......................................................................................................................... 14 CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM ................................................................................................................ 17 INFECTIONS ............................................................................................................................................. 23 ENDOCRINE SYSTEM .............................................................................................................................. 26 OBSTETRICS, GYNAECOLOGY AND URINARY-TRACT DISORDERS .................................................. 31 MALIGNANT DISEASE AND IMMUNOSUPPRESSION ............................................................................ 34 NUTRITION AND BLOOD ......................................................................................................................... 39 MUSCULOSKELETAL AND JOINT DISORDERS ..................................................................................... 43 EYE ............................................................................................................................................................ 45 EAR, NOSE AND OROPHARYNX ............................................................................................................. 49 SKIN ........................................................................................................................................................... 50 IMMUNOLOGICAL PRODUCTS AND VACCINES .................................................................................... 55 ANAESTHESIA .......................................................................................................................................... 56 Page 1 of 57 Operation of the Formulary Items available for general prescribing and restricted items are identified according to the following colour coding; Item Colour Code Items available for general prescribing Second line/use on specialist advice Consultant prescribing only Where a drug is the subject of a NICE Technology Appraisal (TA) the reference number of the guidance is given below the drug entry. Where a drug has been approved by the Joint Medicines Management Committee (JMMC) the month and year of the relevant meeting is also listed below the drug entry. NICE guidance can be found at; Technology Appraisals (TA) http://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/published?type=ta Clinical Guidelines (CG) http://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/published?type=cg MHRA Alerts and recalls on drugs and medical devices https://www.gov.uk/drug-device-alerts Patients taking a non-formulary drug on admission Treatment with a non-formulary drug may be continued in this instance; however it must be borne in mind that there may be a delay in obtaining a non-formulary drug. Additions to the formulary The addition of a new drug or preparation will only be made after approval by the Joint Medicines Management Committee. To request an addition to the formulary a New Product Request (NPR) form must be submitted to the JMMC. This form can be found under Frequently Used Forms- Medicines Management on the trust intranet. New non-formulary drugs required for an individual patient in exceptional circumstances Such an application for a “one-off” use may be made to the chairperson of the JMMC, if the drug is required before the next JMMC meeting. Page 2 of 57 Updates Date BNF Update Details Section See formulary entry for full details September 3.4.2 Omalizumab 2015 8.2.3 Obinutuzumab 8.2.3 Ofatumumab 9.4.1 Locasol 8.1.5 Nintedanib October 1.5.3 Vedolizumab 2015 2.8.2 Edoxaban 1.6.7 Naloxagol 10.1.3 Infliximab biosimilar November 6.1.6 Freestyle Optium beta-ketone testing strip 2015 5.1.7 Fosfomycin injection 5.1.1.2 Temocillin Injection 5.2.3 Amphotericin suspension December 6.1.2 Dulaglutide 2015 2.5.5 Entresto January 11.4.2 Ciclosporin eye drops 1mg/mL 2016 6.5.2 Tolvaptan 8.1.5 Idelalisib February 4.3.4 Vortioxetine 2016 9.2.2.1 Sodium Chloride 0.9% Glucose 5% KCl 20mmol infusion 5.3.3.2 Ledipasvir – sofosbuvir 5.3.3.2 Daclatasvir 5.3.3.2 Ombitasvir – paritaprevir - ritonavir March 5.4.1 Artesunate 2016 6.1.6 Glucomen LX ketone monitoring strips 8.1.5 Bortezomib 13.5.3 Sirolimus 0.1% in WSP 10.1.3 Abatacept, adalimumab, etanercept and tocilizumab for juvenile idiopathic arthritis 8.1.5 Erlotinib April 2016 6.1.1.1 Insulin Lispro 200units/mL 6.1.1.2 Insulin Glargine 300units/mL 6.1.1.2 Insulin Lantus - Abasaglar 8.1.5 Ruxolitinib 5.3.3.1 Entecavir 2.9 Aspirin suppositories – unlicensed 3.11 Nintedanib 8.1.5 Panobinostat May 2016 8.3.4 Abiraterone 2.12 Ezetimibe 4.7.2 Oxycodone PCA 2.5.5.2 Sacubitril/Valsartan 6.4.1 Ulipristil 5mg June 2016 13.10.01 Octenilin wound gel July 2016 11.5 Mydrane 4.4 Dexamfetamine Liquid 1mgmL 13.5.3 Benepali (Etanercept biosimilar) 10.1.3 Benepali (Etanercept biosimilar) Page 3 of 57 1 Gastro-Intestinal System 1.1 Dyspepsia and gastro-oesophogeal reflux-disease 1.1.1 Antacids and simeticone MAGNESIUM TRISILICATE MIXTURE SIMETICONE LIQUID SODIUM CITRATE ORAL SOLUTION - OXETACAINE ANTACID SUSPENSION - On Christies recommendation 1.1.2 Compound alginates and proprietary indigestion preparations GAVISCON® ADVANCE SF SUSPENSION and TABLETS GAVISCON® INFANT DUAL-SACHETS GAVISON® SF LIQUID (Aniseed) 1.2 Antispasmodics and other drugs altering gut motility Antimuscarinics DICYCLOVERINE LIQUID and TABLETS HYOSCINE BUTYLBROMIDE INJECTION and TABLETS KOLANTICON® GEL Other antispasmodics ALVERINE CITRATE CAPSULES MEBERINE 135mg TABLETS PEPPERMIINT OIL E/C CAPSULES (Mintec®) MEBEVERINE 50mg/5ml LIQUID 1.3 Antisecretory drugs and mucosal protectants 1.3.1 H2 receptor antagonists RANITIDINE INJECTION LIQUID and TABLETS RANITIDINE 150mg EFFERVESCENT TABLETS 1.3.2 Selective antimuscarinics – No products on formulary 1.3.3 Chelates and complexes – No products on formulary 1.3.4 Prostaglandin analogues MISOPROSTOL 200microgram TABLETS 1.3.5 Proton pump inhibitors LANSOPRAZOLE CAPSULES OMEPRAZOLE CAPSULES AND INJECTION PANTOPRAZOLE TABLETS ESOMEPRAZOLE CAPSULES - Restricted for use in severe GORD LANSOPRAZOLE ORODISPERSIBLE TABLETS - For use in patients with swallowing difficulties only OMEPRAZOLE DISPERSIBLE TABLETS - For use in patients with swallowing difficulties only RABEPRAZOLE TABLETS 1.4 Acute Diarrhoea 1.4.1 Adsorbents and bulk-forming drugs – No products on formulary 1.4.2 Antimotility drugs LOPERAMIDE CAPSULES and LIQUID 1.4.3 Enkephalinase inhibitors RACECADOTRIL - JMMC Approved Dec 2012 for treatment of acute diarrhoea in paediatrics 1.5 Chronic bowel disorder Page 4 of 57 1.5.1 Aminosalicylates BALSALAZIDE 750mg CAPSULES MESALAZINE 1g FOAM ENEMA ( Asacol® or Salofalk®) MESALAZINE 500mg SACHETS (Salofalk®) MESALAZINE 1g M/R SACHETS (Pentasa®) MESALAZINE SUPPOSITORIES MESALAZINE E/C; M/R TABLETS (Octasa®) MESALAZINE 500mg M/R TABLETS (Pentasa®) MESALAZINE 250mg E/C TABLETS (Salofalk®) SULFASALAZINE LIQUID, SUPPOSITORIES and TABLETS MESALAZINE 1200mg M/R TABLETS (Mezavant®) 1.5.2 Corticosteroids PREDNISOLONE 20mg FOAM AEROSOL PREDNISOLONE 20mg in 100ml ENEMA PREDNISOLONE 5mg SUPPOSITORIES BUDESONIDE 3mg E/C CAPSULES (Budenofalk®) BUDESONIDE 3mg M/R CAPSULES (Entocort®) 1.5.3 Drugs affecting the immune response AZATHIOPRINE MERCAPTOPURINE METHOTREXATE Cytokine modulators ADALIMUMAB INJECTION - NICE guidance TA187 – Crohn’s disease JMMC Approved Jun 2008 NICE guidance TA329 (includes review of TA140 and TA262) – treatment of moderate to severe ulcerative colitis after failure of conventional therapy JMMC Approved May 2015 INFLIXIMAB - NICE guidance TA163 – Ulcerative colitis (acute exacerbations) NICE guidance TA187 – Crohn’s disease NICE guidance TA329 (includes review of TA140 and TA262) – treatment of moderate to severe ulcerative colitis after failure of conventional therapy JMMC Approved May 2015 GOLIMUMAB- NICE guidance TA329 (includes review of TA140 and TA262) – treatment of moderate to severe ulcerative colitis after failure of conventional therapy JMMC Approved May 2015 VEDOLIZUMAB- NICE guidance TA342 – Moderate to severe active ulcerative colitis JMMC Approved Aug 2015 NICE guidance TA352 – Moderate to severe active Crohn’s disease after prior therapy JMMC Approved Oct 2015 1.5.4 Food allergy - No products on formulary 1.6 Laxatives 1.6.1 Bulk-forming laxatives ISPAGHULA HUSK SACHETS (Fybogel® orange) METHYLCELLULOSE 500mg TABLETS NOMACOL® PLUS SACHETS NORMACOL® SACHETS 1.6.2 Stimulant laxatives BISACODYL SUPPOSITORIES and TABLETS DOCUSATE
Recommended publications
  • Candida Auris
    microorganisms Review Candida auris: Epidemiology, Diagnosis, Pathogenesis, Antifungal Susceptibility, and Infection Control Measures to Combat the Spread of Infections in Healthcare Facilities Suhail Ahmad * and Wadha Alfouzan Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, P.O. Box 24923, Safat 13110, Kuwait; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +965-2463-6503 Abstract: Candida auris, a recently recognized, often multidrug-resistant yeast, has become a sig- nificant fungal pathogen due to its ability to cause invasive infections and outbreaks in healthcare facilities which have been difficult to control and treat. The extraordinary abilities of C. auris to easily contaminate the environment around colonized patients and persist for long periods have recently re- sulted in major outbreaks in many countries. C. auris resists elimination by robust cleaning and other decontamination procedures, likely due to the formation of ‘dry’ biofilms. Susceptible hospitalized patients, particularly those with multiple comorbidities in intensive care settings, acquire C. auris rather easily from close contact with C. auris-infected patients, their environment, or the equipment used on colonized patients, often with fatal consequences. This review highlights the lessons learned from recent studies on the epidemiology, diagnosis, pathogenesis, susceptibility, and molecular basis of resistance to antifungal drugs and infection control measures to combat the spread of C. auris Citation: Ahmad, S.; Alfouzan, W. Candida auris: Epidemiology, infections in healthcare facilities. Particular emphasis is given to interventions aiming to prevent new Diagnosis, Pathogenesis, Antifungal infections in healthcare facilities, including the screening of susceptible patients for colonization; the Susceptibility, and Infection Control cleaning and decontamination of the environment, equipment, and colonized patients; and successful Measures to Combat the Spread of approaches to identify and treat infected patients, particularly during outbreaks.
    [Show full text]
  • Lactoferrin, Chitosan and Melaleuca Alternifolia—Natural Products That
    b r a z i l i a n j o u r n a l o f m i c r o b i o l o g y 4 9 (2 0 1 8) 212–219 ht tp://www.bjmicrobiol.com.br/ Review Lactoferrin, chitosan and Melaleuca alternifolia—natural products that show promise in candidiasis treatment ∗ Lorena de Oliveira Felipe , Willer Ferreira da Silva Júnior, Katialaine Corrêa de Araújo, Daniela Leite Fabrino Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei/Campus Alto Paraopeba, Minas Gerais, MG, Brazil a r t i c l e i n f o a b s t r a c t Article history: The evolution of microorganisms resistant to many medicines has become a major chal- Received 18 August 2016 lenge for the scientific community around the world. Motivated by the gravity of such a Accepted 26 May 2017 situation, the World Health Organization released a report in 2014 with the aim of providing Available online 11 November 2017 updated information on this critical scenario. Among the most worrying microorganisms, Associate Editor: Luis Henrique species from the genus Candida have exhibited a high rate of resistance to antifungal drugs. Guimarães Therefore, the objective of this review is to show that the use of natural products (extracts or isolated biomolecules), along with conventional antifungal therapy, can be a very promising Keywords: strategy to overcome microbial multiresistance. Some promising alternatives are essential Candida oils of Melaleuca alternifolia (mainly composed of terpinen-4-ol, a type of monoterpene), lacto- Lactoferrin ferrin (a peptide isolated from milk) and chitosan (a copolymer from chitin).
    [Show full text]
  • A Fresh Look at Echinocandin Dosing
    J Antimicrob Chemother 2018; 73 Suppl 1: i44–i50 doi:10.1093/jac/dkx448 We can do better: a fresh look at echinocandin dosing Justin C. Bader1, Sujata M. Bhavnani1, David R. Andes2 and Paul G. Ambrose1* 1Institute for Clinical Pharmacodynamics (ICPD), Schenectady, NY, USA; 2University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA *Corresponding author. Institute for Clinical Pharmacodynamics (ICPD), 242 Broadway, Schenectady, NY 12305, USA. Tel: !1-518-631-8101; Fax: !1-518-631-8199; E-mail: [email protected] First-line antifungal therapies are limited to azoles, polyenes and echinocandins, the former two of which are associated with high occurrences of severe treatment-emergent adverse events or frequent drug interactions. Among antifungals, echinocandins present a unique value proposition given their lower rates of toxic events as compared with azoles and polyenes. However, with the emergence of echinocandin-resistant Candida species and the fact that a pharmacometric approach to the development of anti-infective agents was not a main- stream practice at the time these agents were developed, we question whether echinocandins are being dosed optimally. This review presents pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) evaluations for approved echino- candins (anidulafungin, caspofungin and micafungin) and rezafungin (previously CD101), an investigational agent. PK/PD-optimized regimens were evaluated to extend the utility of approved echinocandins when treating patients with resistant isolates. Although the benefits of these regimens were apparent, it was also clear that anidulafungin and micafungin, regardless of dosing adjustments, are unlikely to provide therapeutic exposures sufficient to treat highly resistant isolates. Day 1 probabilities of PK/PD target attainment of 5.2% and 85.1%, respectively, were achieved at the C.
    [Show full text]
  • The Cardiovascular Actions of Mu and Kappa Opioid Agonists In
    THE CARDIOVASCULAR ACTIONS OF MU AND KAPPA OPIOID AGONISTS IN VIVO AND IN VITRO. By Abimbola T. Omoniyi, BSc (Hons) A thesis submitted in accordance with the requirements of the University of Surrey for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Department of Pharmacology, September 1998. Cornell University Medical College, New York, NY 10021, ProQuest Number: 27733163 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a com plete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. uest ProQuest 27733163 Published by ProQuest LLC (2019). Copyright of the Dissertation is held by the Author. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States C ode Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. ProQuest LLC. 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106 - 1346 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank God through whom all things are made possible. Many thanks to Dr. Hazel Szeto for funding this thesis. Heartfelt gratitude to Dr. Dunli Wu for his support, encouragement and for keeping me sane. I thoroughly enjoyed the funny stories, the relentless Viagra jokes and endless tales of the Chinese revolution! Thanks to Dr. Yi Soong for all her support and generous assistance and all that food! Thanks to Dr. Ian Kitchen and Dr. Susanna Hourani for making this a successful collaborative degree. Thanks to my family for all their support and belief in me.
    [Show full text]
  • Estonian Statistics on Medicines 2016 1/41
    Estonian Statistics on Medicines 2016 ATC code ATC group / Active substance (rout of admin.) Quantity sold Unit DDD Unit DDD/1000/ day A ALIMENTARY TRACT AND METABOLISM 167,8985 A01 STOMATOLOGICAL PREPARATIONS 0,0738 A01A STOMATOLOGICAL PREPARATIONS 0,0738 A01AB Antiinfectives and antiseptics for local oral treatment 0,0738 A01AB09 Miconazole (O) 7088 g 0,2 g 0,0738 A01AB12 Hexetidine (O) 1951200 ml A01AB81 Neomycin+ Benzocaine (dental) 30200 pieces A01AB82 Demeclocycline+ Triamcinolone (dental) 680 g A01AC Corticosteroids for local oral treatment A01AC81 Dexamethasone+ Thymol (dental) 3094 ml A01AD Other agents for local oral treatment A01AD80 Lidocaine+ Cetylpyridinium chloride (gingival) 227150 g A01AD81 Lidocaine+ Cetrimide (O) 30900 g A01AD82 Choline salicylate (O) 864720 pieces A01AD83 Lidocaine+ Chamomille extract (O) 370080 g A01AD90 Lidocaine+ Paraformaldehyde (dental) 405 g A02 DRUGS FOR ACID RELATED DISORDERS 47,1312 A02A ANTACIDS 1,0133 Combinations and complexes of aluminium, calcium and A02AD 1,0133 magnesium compounds A02AD81 Aluminium hydroxide+ Magnesium hydroxide (O) 811120 pieces 10 pieces 0,1689 A02AD81 Aluminium hydroxide+ Magnesium hydroxide (O) 3101974 ml 50 ml 0,1292 A02AD83 Calcium carbonate+ Magnesium carbonate (O) 3434232 pieces 10 pieces 0,7152 DRUGS FOR PEPTIC ULCER AND GASTRO- A02B 46,1179 OESOPHAGEAL REFLUX DISEASE (GORD) A02BA H2-receptor antagonists 2,3855 A02BA02 Ranitidine (O) 340327,5 g 0,3 g 2,3624 A02BA02 Ranitidine (P) 3318,25 g 0,3 g 0,0230 A02BC Proton pump inhibitors 43,7324 A02BC01 Omeprazole
    [Show full text]
  • Table 6.12 Deaths from Poisoning, by Sex and Cause, Scotland, 2004
    Table 6.12 Deaths from poisoning, by sex and cause, Scotland, 2004 ICD Cause of death Both Males Females ICD Cause of death Both Males Females Codes and substance sexes Codes and substance sexes ACCIDENTS INTENTIONAL SELF-HARM X40 Accidental poisoning by and exposure X60 Intentional self-poisoning by -49 to noxious substances 57 40 17 -69 and exposure to 166 92 74 X40 Nonopioid analgesics, antipyretics X60 Nonopioid analgesics, antipyretics and antirheumatics and antirheumatics Ibuprofen 1 1 - Meptazinol, Alcohol 1 1 - Paracetamol 1 - 1 Meptazinol, Dihydrocodeine, Amitriptyline, Tramadol, Alcohol 1 1 - Imipramine, Alcohol 1 1 - Paracetamol 15 6 9 X41 Antiepileptic, sedative-hypnotic, Paracetamol, Codeine, Alcohol 1 1 - antiparkinsonism and Paracetamol, Diazepam 1 - 1 psychotropic drugs, Paracetamol, Oxazepam 1 1 - not elsewhere classified Tramadol 3 - 3 Clozapine, Diazepam, Alcohol 1 - 1 X61 Antiepileptic, sedative-hypnotic, antiparkinsonism and X42 Narcotics and psychodysleptics psychotropic drugs, (hallucinogens), not elsewhere not elsewhere classified classified Amitriptyline 8 3 5 Cocaine, Amphetamine 1 - 1 Amitriptyline, Alcohol 1 1 - Codeine, Tylex, Paracetamol, Alcohol 1 - 1 Amitriptyline, Dihydrocodeine 1 - 1 Dihydrocodeine, Diazepam 1 - 1 Amitriptyline, Paracetamol 1 1 - Ecstasy 1 1 - Carbamazepine 2 - 2 Heroin 4 3 1 Carbamazepine, Paroxetine, Paracetamol 1 1 - Heroin, Cocaine 1 1 - Chlordiazepoxide, Co-proxamol 1 - 1 Heroin, Methadone, Alcohol 1 1 - Chlorpromazine, Alcohol 2 2 - Heroin, Morphine 1 1 - Citalopram, Alcohol 1 -
    [Show full text]
  • Effects of Medication-Assisted Treatment (MAT) on Functional Outcomes Among Patients with Opioid Use Disorder (OUD)
    NATIONAL DEFENSE RESEARCH INSTITUTE Effects of Medication- Assisted Treatment (MAT) for Opioid Use Disorder on Functional Outcomes A Systematic Review Margaret A. Maglione, Laura Raaen, Christine Chen, Gulrez Shah Azhar, Nima Shahidinia, Mimi Shen, Ervant J. Maksabedian Hernandez, Roberta M. Shanman, Susanne Hempel Prepared for the Office of the Secretary of Defense Approved for public release; distribution unlimited For more information on this publication, visit www.rand.org/t/RR2108 Published by the RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, Calif. © Copyright 2018 RAND Corporation R® is a registered trademark. Limited Print and Electronic Distribution Rights This document and trademark(s) contained herein are protected by law. This representation of RAND intellectual property is provided for noncommercial use only. Unauthorized posting of this publication online is prohibited. Permission is given to duplicate this document for personal use only, as long as it is unaltered and complete. Permission is required from RAND to reproduce, or reuse in another form, any of its research documents for commercial use. For information on reprint and linking permissions, please visit www.rand.org/pubs/permissions. The RAND Corporation is a research organization that develops solutions to public policy challenges to help make communities throughout the world safer and more secure, healthier and more prosperous. RAND is nonprofit, nonpartisan, and committed to the public interest. RAND’s publications do not necessarily reflect the opinions of its research clients and sponsors. Support RAND Make a tax-deductible charitable contribution at www.rand.org/giving/contribute www.rand.org Preface Over the past two decades, the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) has invested unparalleled resources into developing effective treatments for military-related psychological health conditions.
    [Show full text]
  • Guidelines for Prescribing Controlled Substances for Pain
    GUIDELINES FOR PRESCRIBI NG CONTROLLED SUBSTANCE S FOR PAIN MEDICAL BOARD OF CALIFORNIA NOVEMBER 2014 Edmund G. Brown Jr., Governor David Serrano Sewell, J.D., President, Medical Board of California Kimberly Kirchmeyer, Executive Director, Medical Board of California Guidelines for Prescribing Controlled Substances for Pain Table of Contents PREAMBLE ..................................................................................................................... 1 UNDERSTANDING PAIN ................................................................................................ 2 Pain ............................................................................................................................. 2 Acute and Chronic Pain ............................................................................................... 3 Nociceptive and Neuropathic Pain ............................................................................... 3 Cancer and Non-Cancer Pain ...................................................................................... 3 Tolerance, Dependence and Addiction ........................................................................ 4 Pain as an Illness......................................................................................................... 4 SPECIAL PATIENT POPULATIONS............................................................................... 4 Acute Pain ................................................................................................................... 4 Emergency
    [Show full text]
  • Double-Blind Crossover Trial of Oral Meptazinol, Pentazocine and Placebo in the Treatment of Pain in the Elderly V
    Postgrad Med J: first published as 10.1136/pgmj.56.657.474 on 1 July 1980. Downloaded from Postgraduate Medical Journal (July 1980) 56, 474-477 Double-blind crossover trial of oral meptazinol, pentazocine and placebo in the treatment of pain in the elderly V. PEARCE P. J. ROBSON M.B. B.S., M.R.C.P. M.B. B.S., M.R.C.P. Chesterton Hospital, Cambridge and Wyeth Laboratories, Maidenhead, Berkshire Summary unit, pentazocine 25 mg orally, and placebo. The 2 In a randomized, double-blind crossover trial in 30 active drugs were given in deliberately small doses elderly patients suffering from moderate to severe as it is well recognized that age is highly correlated pain, the analgesic efficacy, tendency to produce with the pain relief obtained from a given dose of mental confusion and side effect profile of meptazinol analgesic (Beliville et al., 1971) and that the elderly 100 mg orally were compared with those of pentazo- are more susceptible to drugs in general (Leading cine 25 mg orally and placebo. Article, 1977). Both the active drugs produced significantly better analgesia than placebo but meptazinol also provided Materials and methods significantly better pain relief than pentazocine, This was a randomized double-blind crossover whilst at the same time causing less mental confusion. trial in 30 patients over the age of 70 years who had Side effects were unremarkable. given informed consent to participate and whocopyright. Meptazinol appears to be a better general purpose would in any case have required a potent oral anal- oral analgesic in this group of patients than penta- gesic.
    [Show full text]
  • Guidelines for Pre Scribing Controlled Subs Tances for Pain
    GUIDELINES FOR PRE SCRIBING CONTROLLED SUBS TANCES FOR PAIN MEDICAL BOARD OF CALIFORNIA NOVEMBER 2014 Edmund G. Brown Jr., Governor David Serrano Sewell, J.D., President, Medical Board of California Kimberly Kirchmeyer, Executive Director, Medical Board of California Guidelines for Prescribing Controlled Substances for Pain Table of Contents PREAMBLE ..................................................................................................................... 1 UNDERSTANDING PAIN ................................................................................................ 2 Pain 2............................................................................................................................. Acute and Chronic Pain3 ............................................................................................... Nociceptive and Neuropathic Pain 3............................................................................... Cancer and Non-Cancer Pain ...................................................................................... 3 Tolerance, Dependence and Addiction 4........................................................................ Pain as an Illness.........................................................................................................4 SPECIAL PATIENT POPULATIONS...............................................................................4 Acute Pain 4................................................................................................................... Emergency Departments
    [Show full text]
  • In Vitro Synergistic Interactions of Isavuconazole and Echinocandins Against Candida Auris
    antibiotics Article In Vitro Synergistic Interactions of Isavuconazole and Echinocandins against Candida auris Unai Caballero 1, Sarah Kim 2 , Elena Eraso 3 , Guillermo Quindós 3 , Valvanera Vozmediano 2, Stephan Schmidt 2 and Nerea Jauregizar 1,* 1 Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain; [email protected] 2 Center for Pharmacometrics and Systems Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Orlando, FL 32827, USA; [email protected]fl.edu (S.K.); [email protected]fl.edu (V.V.); [email protected]fl.edu (S.S.) 3 Department of Immunology, Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain; [email protected] (E.E.); [email protected] (G.Q.) * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: Candida auris is an emergent fungal pathogen that causes severe infectious outbreaks globally. The public health concern when dealing with this pathogen is mainly due to reduced susceptibility to current antifungal drugs. A valuable alternative to overcome this problem is to investigate the efficacy of combination therapy. The aim of this study was to determine the in vitro interactions of isavuconazole with echinocandins against C. auris. Interactions were determined using a checkerboard method, and absorbance data were analyzed with different approaches: the fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI), Greco universal response surface approach, and Bliss interaction model. All models were in accordance and showed that combinations of isavu- conazole with echinocandins resulted in an overall synergistic interaction. A wide range of concen- Citation: Caballero, U.; Kim, S.; Eraso, trations within the therapeutic range were selected to perform time-kill curves.
    [Show full text]
  • Anidulafungin Versus Caspofungin for the Treatment of Proven Invasive Candidiasis; a Retrospective Comparative Study
    P2367 Anidulafungin versus caspofungin for the treatment of proven invasive candidiasis; a retrospective comparative study Reem Almaghrabi1, Abeer Al-jomaiah*2, Noha Mukhtar2, Wafa Alfahad3, Nisreen Al Sherbini4, Abeer Albaadani4, Ali Omrani2 1king faisal specialist hospital and research centre, medicine, riyadh, Saudi Arabia, 1king faisal specialist hospital and research centre, medicine, riyadh, Saudi Arabia, 3Prince Sultan Military Hospital , Pharamacy, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, 4Prince Sultan Military Hospital , Medicine, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia Background: Invasive candidiasis (IC) is associated with considerable morbidity and mortality. The comparative efficacy of caspofungin compared with anidulafungin in the treatment of IC has not been reported. The aim of this study was to compare the clinical and microbiological outcomes of caspofungin and anidulafungin in the treatment of IC in Saudi Arabia. Methods: Retrospective, multicentre, cohort study of patients aged ≥18 years with microbiologically proved IC who received systemic caspofungin or anidulafungin for ≥ 5 days. Patients who received systemic amphotericin B or micafungin within the preceding 14 days were excluded. The primary endpoint was mortality at the end of IV antifungal therapy. Analyses were performed using IBM SPSS for Windows. Results: A total of 123 patients were included, 111 patients in the caspofungin group and 21 in the anidulafungin group. Significantly more patients with diabetes mellitus received anidulafungin while more patient on immunosuppressive therapy were in the caspofungin arm. There were no other significant differences in baseline characteristics between the two groups (Table 1). The median duration of therapy was 18 days for caspofungin and 19 days for anidulafungin group (p 0.23). Mortality at the end of antifungal therapy was observed in 41 (36.9%) in the caspofungin group compared with 11 (55%) in the anidulafungin group (P 0.23).
    [Show full text]