Candida Auris
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Candida Krusei: Biology, Epidemiology, Pathogenicity and Clinical Manifestations of an Emerging Pathogen
J. Med. Microbiol. - Vol. 41 (1994), 295-310 0 1994 The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland REVIEW ARTICLE: CLINICAL MYCOLOGY Candida krusei: biology, epidemiology, pathogenicity and clinical manifestations of an emerging pathogen YUTHIKA H. SAMARANAYAKE and L. P. SAMARANAYAKE” Department of Pathology (Oral), Faculty of Medicine and Ord diology Unit, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Hong Kong, 34 Hospital Road, Hong Kong Summary. Early reports of Candida krusei in man describe the organism as a transient, infrequent isolate of minor clinical significance inhabiting the mucosal surfaces. More recently it has emerged as a notable pathogen with a spectrum of clinical manifestations such as fungaemia, endophthalmitis, arthritis and endocarditis, most of which usually occur in compromised patient groups in a nosocomial setting. The advent of human immunodeficiency virus infection and the widespread use of the newer triazole fluconazole to suppress fungal infections in these patients have contributed to a significant increase in C. krusei infection, particularly because of the high incidence of resistance of the yeast to this drug. Experimental studies have generally shown C. krusei to be less virulent than C. albicans in terms of its adherence to both epithelial and prosthetic surfaces, proteolytic potential and production of phospholipases. Furthermore, it would seem that C. krusei is significantlydifferent from other medically important Candida spp. in its structural and metabolic features, and exhibits different behaviour patterns towards host defences, adding credence to the belief that it should be re-assigned taxonomically. An increased awareness of the pathogenic potential of this yeast coupled with the newer molecular biological approaches to its study may facilitate the continued exploration of the epidemiology and pathogenesis of C. -
Cidara-IFI-Infogr-12.Pdf
We often think of fungal infections as simply bothersome conditions such as athlete’s foot or toenail fungus. But certain types of fungal infections, known as “ ”( ), can be dangerous and fatal. IFIs are systemic and are typically caused when fungi invade the body in various ways such as through the bloodstream or by the inhalation of spores. IFIs can also spread to many other organs such as the liver and kidney. They are associated with ( ) > % • Invasive candidiasis ( ) is a common hospital-acquired infection in the U.S., % cases each year.v • Invasive aspergillosis () occurs most often in people with weakened immune systems or lung disease, and its prevalence is vi An increasing number of people in the U.S. have putting them at greater risk for IFIs.x High-risk groups include: hospitalized patients cancer or transplant patients patients undergoing surgery patients with chronic diseases Rates of invasive candidiasis are dicult ( )is an emerging drug-resistant to estimate and can vary based on time, fungus that spreads quickly and has caused serious region, and study type. and deadly infections in over a dozen countries. + Still, it is clear that overall The CDC estimates that remain high – especially in the U.S. with invasive ix among viii There is an increasingly urgent need to develop new therapies for IFIs, Currently available treatments for IFIs have signicant limitations such as: • toxicities/side eects • inconsistent achievement of target drug levels • interactions with other drugs • increasing microbial resistance As the urgency around IFIs rises, multiple biopharma companies and researchers are working to develop new therapies to treat and prevent them. -
Fungal Infections from Human and Animal Contact
Journal of Patient-Centered Research and Reviews Volume 4 Issue 2 Article 4 4-25-2017 Fungal Infections From Human and Animal Contact Dennis J. Baumgardner Follow this and additional works at: https://aurora.org/jpcrr Part of the Bacterial Infections and Mycoses Commons, Infectious Disease Commons, and the Skin and Connective Tissue Diseases Commons Recommended Citation Baumgardner DJ. Fungal infections from human and animal contact. J Patient Cent Res Rev. 2017;4:78-89. doi: 10.17294/2330-0698.1418 Published quarterly by Midwest-based health system Advocate Aurora Health and indexed in PubMed Central, the Journal of Patient-Centered Research and Reviews (JPCRR) is an open access, peer-reviewed medical journal focused on disseminating scholarly works devoted to improving patient-centered care practices, health outcomes, and the patient experience. REVIEW Fungal Infections From Human and Animal Contact Dennis J. Baumgardner, MD Aurora University of Wisconsin Medical Group, Aurora Health Care, Milwaukee, WI; Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI; Center for Urban Population Health, Milwaukee, WI Abstract Fungal infections in humans resulting from human or animal contact are relatively uncommon, but they include a significant proportion of dermatophyte infections. Some of the most commonly encountered diseases of the integument are dermatomycoses. Human or animal contact may be the source of all types of tinea infections, occasional candidal infections, and some other types of superficial or deep fungal infections. This narrative review focuses on the epidemiology, clinical features, diagnosis and treatment of anthropophilic dermatophyte infections primarily found in North America. -
First Case of Candida Auris Colonization in a Preterm, Extremely Low-Birth-Weight Newborn After Vaginal Delivery
Journal of Fungi Case Report First Case of Candida auris Colonization in a Preterm, Extremely Low-Birth-Weight Newborn after Vaginal Delivery Alessio Mesini 1 , Carolina Saffioti 1 , Marcello Mariani 1, Angelo Florio 2, Chiara Medici 1, Andrea Moscatelli 1 and Elio Castagnola 1,* 1 Istituto di Ricerca e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Largo G. Gaslini, 5, 16147 Genova, Italy; [email protected] (A.M.); carolinasaffi[email protected] (C.S.); [email protected] (M.M.); [email protected] (C.M.); [email protected] (A.M.) 2 Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, and Maternal and Child Sciences (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, 16128 Genova, Italy; angelofl[email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +39-010-5636-2428 Abstract: Candida auris is a multidrug-resistant, difficult-to-eradicate pathogen that can colonize patients and health-care environments and cause severe infections and nosocomial outbreaks, espe- cially in intensive care units. We observed an extremely low-birth-weight (800 g), preterm neonate born from vaginal delivery from a C. auris colonized mother, who was colonized by C. auris within a few hours after birth. We could not discriminate whether the colonization route was the birth canal or the intensive care unit environment. The infant died on her third day of life because of complications related to prematurity, without signs or symptoms of infections. In contexts with high rates of C.auris colonization, antifungal prophylaxis in low-birth-weight, preterm neonates with micafungin should be considered over fluconazole due to the C. auris resistance profile, at least until Citation: Mesini, A.; Saffioti, C.; its presence is excluded. -
Austin Ultrahealth Yeast-Free Protocol 1
1 01/16/12/ Austin UltraHealth Yeast-Free Protocol 1. Follow the Yeast Diet in your binder for 6 weeks or you may also use recipes from the Elimination Diet. (Just decrease the amount of grains and fruits allowed). 2. You will be taking one pill of prescription antifungal daily, for 30 days. This should always be taken two hours away from your probiotics. This medication can be very hard on your liver so it is important to refrain from ALL alcohol while taking this medication. Candida Die-Off Some patients experience die-off symptoms while eliminating the yeast, or Candida, in their gut. Die off symptoms can include the following: Brain fog Dizziness Headache Floaters in the eyes Anxiety/Irritability Gas, bloating and/or flatulence Diarrhea or constipation Joint/muscle pain General malaise or exhaustion What Causes Die-Off Symptoms? The Candida “die-off” occurs when excess yeast in the body literally dies off. When this occurs, the dying yeasts produce toxins at a rate too fast for your body to process and eliminate. While these toxins are not lethal to the system, they can cause an increase in the symptoms you might already have been experiencing. As the body works to detoxify, those Candida die-off symptoms can emerge and last for a matter of days, or weeks. The two main factors which cause the unpleasant symptoms of Candida die off are dietary changes and antifungal treatments, both of which you will be doing. Dietary Changes: When you begin to make healthy changes in your diet, you begin to starve the excess yeasts that have been hanging around, using up the extra sugars in your blood. -
Candida Auris, a Multi-Drug Resistant Yeast, Has Been Reported to Cause
Background: Candida auris , a multi-drug resistant yeast, has been reported to cause cutaneous and invasive infections with high mortality. Indian Council of Medical Research(ICMR) is aware of the numerous outbreaks of C. auris reported globally and from India. Since 2009, the infection has been reported globally from many countries within a short period of time [1-18]. The whole genome sequence analysis of the isolates collected from different geographical locations showed minimal difference among the isolatessuggesting simultaneous emergence of C. auris infection at multiple geographical location, rather than spread from one place to another [14]. The isolation of fungus from patients’ environment, hands of healthcare workers, and from skin and mucosa of the hospitalized patients indicate the agent is nosocomially spreading. C. auris forms non-dispersible cell aggregates and persists for longer time in environment in addition to its thermotolerant and salt tolerant properties. It has the ability to adhere to polymeric surfaces forming biofilms and resist the activity of antifungal drugs. The yeast is misidentified by common phenotypic automated systems as C. haemulonii, C. famata, C. sake, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Rhodotorulaglutinis, C. lusitaniae, C.guilliermondii or C. parapsilosis. [18, 19]. Definite confirmation of the species can be done by either MALDI-TOF with upgraded database or DNA sequencing, which are not frequently available in diagnostic laboratories.The high drug resistance and mortality (33-72%) are other challenges associated with C. auris candidemia. [11,18,19] Unlike other Candida species, the fungus acquires rapid resistance to azoles, polyene and even echinocandin. C. auris infection has been reported from many hospitals across this country since 2011 [2, 3, 10]. -
Oral Candidiasis: a Review
International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences ISSN- 0975-1491 Vol 2, Issue 4, 2010 Review Article ORAL CANDIDIASIS: A REVIEW YUVRAJ SINGH DANGI1, MURARI LAL SONI1, KAMTA PRASAD NAMDEO1 Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Ghasidas Central University, Bilaspur (C.G.) – 49500 Email: [email protected] Received: 13 Jun 2010, Revised and Accepted: 16 July 2010 ABSTRACT Candidiasis, a common opportunistic fungal infection of the oral cavity, may be a cause of discomfort in dental patients. The article reviews common clinical types of candidiasis, its diagnosis current treatment modalities with emphasis on the role of prevention of recurrence in the susceptible dental patient. The dental hygienist can play an important role in education of patients to prevent recurrence. The frequency of invasive fungal infections (IFIs) has increased over the last decade with the rise in at‐risk populations of patients. The morbidity and mortality of IFIs are high and management of these conditions is a great challenge. With the widespread adoption of antifungal prophylaxis, the epidemiology of invasive fungal pathogens has changed. Non‐albicans Candida, non‐fumigatus Aspergillus and moulds other than Aspergillus have become increasingly recognised causes of invasive diseases. These emerging fungi are characterised by resistance or lower susceptibility to standard antifungal agents. Oral candidiasis is a common fungal infection in patients with an impaired immune system, such as those undergoing chemotherapy for cancer and patients with AIDS. It has a high morbidity amongst the latter group with approximately 85% of patients being infected at some point during the course of their illness. A major predisposing factor in HIV‐infected patients is a decreased CD4 T‐cell count. -
Candida Species Identification by NAA
Candida Species Identification by NAA Background Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) occurs as a result of displacement of the normal vaginal flora by species of the fungal genus Candida, predominantly Candida albicans. The usual presentation is irritation, itching, burning with urination, and thick, whitish discharge.1 VVC accounts for about 17% to 39% of vaginitis1, and most women will be diagnosed with VVC at least once during their childbearing years.2 In simplistic terms, VVC can be classified into uncomplicated or complicated presentations. Uncomplicated VVC is characterized by infrequent symptomatic episodes, mild to moderate symptoms, or C albicans infection occurring in nonpregnant and immunocompetent women.1 Complicated VVC, in contrast, is typified by severe symptoms, frequent recurrence, infection with Candida species other than C albicans, and/or occurrence during pregnancy or in women with immunosuppression or other medical conditions.1 Diagnosis and Treatment of VVC Traditional diagnosis of VVC is accomplished by either: (i) direct microscopic visualization of yeast-like cells with or without pseudohyphae; or (ii) isolation of Candida species by culture from a vaginal sample.1 Direct microscopy sensitivity is about 50%1 and does not provide a species identification, while cultures can have long turnaround times. Today, nucleic acid amplification-based (NAA) tests (eg, PCR) for Candida species can provide high-quality diagnostic information with quicker turnaround times and can also enable investigation of common potential etiologies -
Candida & Nutrition
Candida & Nutrition Presented by: Pennina Yasharpour, RDN, LDN Registered Dietitian Dickinson College Kline Annex Email: [email protected] What is Candida? • Candida is a type of yeast • Most common cause of fungal infections worldwide Candida albicans • Most common species of candida • C. albicans is part of the normal flora of the mucous membranes of the respiratory, gastrointestinal and female genital tracts. • Causes infections Candidiasis • Overgrowth of candida can cause superficial infections • Commonly known as a “yeast infection” • Mouth, skin, stomach, urinary tract, and vagina • Oropharyngeal candidiasis (thrush) • Oral infections, called oral thrush, are more common in infants, older adults, and people with weakened immune systems • Vulvovaginal candidiasis (vaginal yeast infection) • About 75% of women will get a vaginal yeast infection during their lifetime Causes of Candidiasis • Humans naturally have small amounts of Candida that live in the mouth, stomach, and vagina and don't cause any infections. • Candidiasis occurs when there's an overgrowth of the fungus RISK FACTORS WEAKENED ASSOCIATED IMUMUNE SYSTEM FACTORS • HIV/AIDS (Immunosuppression) • Infants • Diabetes • Elderly • Corticosteroid use • Antibiotic use • Contraceptives • Increased estrogen levels Type 2 Diabetes – Glucose in vaginal secretions promote Yeast growth. (overgrowth) Treatment • Antifungal medications • Oral rinses and tablets, vaginal tablets and suppositories, and creams. • For vaginal yeast infections, medications that are available over the counter include creams and suppositories, such as miconazole (Monistat), ticonazole (Vagistat), and clotrimazole (Gyne-Lotrimin). • Your doctor may prescribe a pill, fluconazole (Diflucan). The Candida Diet • Avoid carbohydrates: Supporters believe that Candida thrives on simple sugars and recommend removing them, along with low-fiber carbohydrates (eg, white bread). -
Priority Effects Dictate Community Structure and Alter Virulence of Fungal-Bacterial Biofilms
The ISME Journal (2021) 15:2012–2027 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41396-021-00901-5 ARTICLE Priority effects dictate community structure and alter virulence of fungal-bacterial biofilms 1 2 1 3 2 3 J. Z. Alex Cheong ● Chad J. Johnson ● Hanxiao Wan ● Aiping Liu ● John F. Kernien ● Angela L. F. Gibson ● 1,2 1,2 Jeniel E. Nett ● Lindsay R. Kalan Received: 6 October 2020 / Revised: 21 December 2020 / Accepted: 18 January 2021 / Published online: 8 February 2021 © The Author(s) 2021. This article is published with open access Abstract Polymicrobial biofilms are a hallmark of chronic wound infection. The forces governing assembly and maturation of these microbial ecosystems are largely unexplored but the consequences on host response and clinical outcome can be significant. In the context of wound healing, formation of a biofilm and a stable microbial community structure is associated with impaired tissue repair resulting in a non-healing chronic wound. These types of wounds can persist for years simmering below the threshold of classically defined clinical infection (which includes heat, pain, redness, and swelling) and cycling through phases of recurrent infection. In the most severe outcome, amputation of lower extremities may occur if spreading infection ensues. fi 1234567890();,: 1234567890();,: Here we take an ecological perspective to study priority effects and competitive exclusion on overall bio lm community structure in a three-membered community comprised of strains of Staphylococcus aureus, Citrobacter freundii,andCandida albicans derived from a chronic wound. We show that both priority effects and inter-bacterial competition for binding to C. albicans biofilms significantly shape community structure on both abiotic and biotic substrates, such as ex vivo human skin wounds. -
Mycamine (Micafungin) Safety and Drug Utilization Review
Department of Health and Human Services Public Health Service Food and Drug Administration Center for Drug Evaluation and Research Office of Surveillance and Epidemiology Pediatric Postmarketing Pharmacovigilance and Drug Utilization Review Date: February 26, 2016 Safety Evaluator: Timothy Jancel, PharmD, BCPS (AQ-ID) Division of Pharmacovigilance II (DPV II) Drug Use Analyst: LCDR Justin Mathew, PharmD Division of Epidemiology II (DEPI II) Team Leaders: Kelly Cao, PharmD Division of Pharmacovigilance II (DPV II) Rajdeep Gill, PharmD Division of Epidemiology II (DEPI II) Deputy Directors: S. Christopher Jones, PharmD, MS, MPH Division of Pharmacovigilance II (DPV II) LCDR Grace Chai, Pharm.D Division of Epidemiology II (DEPI II) Product Name(s): Mycamine® (micafungin) Pediatric Labeling Approval Date: June 21, 2013 Application Type/Number: NDA 021506 Applicant/Sponsor: Astellas OSE RCM #: 2015-1945 **This document contains proprietary drug use data obtained by FDA under contract. The drug use data/information cannot be released to the public/non-FDA personnel without contractor approval obtained through the FDA/CDER Office of Surveillance and Epidemiology.** Reference ID: 3893564 TABLE OF CONTENTS Executive Summary.........................................................................................................................3 1 Introduction..............................................................................................................................4 1.1 Pediatric Regulatory History.............................................................................................4 -
Fungi in Bronchiectasis: a Concise Review
International Journal of Molecular Sciences Review Fungi in Bronchiectasis: A Concise Review Luis Máiz 1, Rosa Nieto 1 ID , Rafael Cantón 2 ID , Elia Gómez G. de la Pedrosa 2 and Miguel Ángel Martinez-García 3,* ID 1 Servicio de Neumología, Unidad de Bronquiectasias y Fibrosis Quística, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, 28034 Madrid, Spain; [email protected] (L.M.); [email protected] (R.N.) 2 Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal and Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain; [email protected] (R.C.); [email protected] (E.G.G.d.l.P.) 3 Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico la Fe, 46016 Valencia, Spain * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +34-60-986-5934 Received: 3 December 2017; Accepted: 31 December 2017; Published: 4 January 2018 Abstract: Although the spectrum of fungal pathology has been studied extensively in immunosuppressed patients, little is known about the epidemiology, risk factors, and management of fungal infections in chronic pulmonary diseases like bronchiectasis. In bronchiectasis patients, deteriorated mucociliary clearance—generally due to prior colonization by bacterial pathogens—and thick mucosity propitiate, the persistence of fungal spores in the respiratory tract. The most prevalent fungi in these patients are Candida albicans and Aspergillus fumigatus; these are almost always isolated with bacterial pathogens like Haemophillus influenzae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, making very difficult to define their clinical significance. Analysis of the mycobiome enables us to detect a greater diversity of microorganisms than with conventional cultures. The results have shown a reduced fungal diversity in most chronic respiratory diseases, and that this finding correlates with poorer lung function.