A Dogrib Dictionary

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Some Useful Words

Numbers Colours ‡¯À one dÀht¯öÀ it is blue n�ke two dez· it is black tai three dekwo it is yellow d‡ four degoo it is white s‡lài five dzÀhw� pink eköÀtai six ‡töÎﬁ green ¯Îhd‡ seven ejiedoÕ brown eköÀd‡ eight deköo it is red ¯·Ît· nine deköo dekwo it is orange hoÕn· ten dehbaa it is gray hoÕn· daatsöÎ ‡¯À eleven hoÕn· daatsöÎ nàke twelve hoÕn· daatsöÎ ¯·Ît· nineteen naÀn· twenty taÀn· tfty d‡Àn· forty d‡Àn· daatsöÎ s‡lài forty-five s‡l�Àn· fifty eköÀtaÀn· sixty T¯‡ch· YatiÃ En‡ht¯öÀ

A Dogrib Dictionary

Dogrib Divisional Board of Education Dettah • Rae-Edzo • Rae Lakes • Snare Lake • Wha Ti 1996 Dedication

To the young people of our communities... and to their elders. With the strength, energy and enthusiasm of the one and the knowledge, wisdom and values of the other, may we have a generation that is truly “strong like two people”.

© Dogrib Divisional Board of Education 1992, 1996 Published by the Dogrib Divisional Board of Education, Rae-Edzo, NWT. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form without written permission from the publisher. ISBN 1-896790-00-3 Copies may be ordered from: Dogrib Divisional Board of Education Bag 1, Rae-Edzo, NT X0E 0Y0 Canada telephone (403) 371-3026 facsimile (403) 371-3053 Funding provided by the Secretary of State, Canada under the Cooperation Agreement for French & Aboriginal Languages in the NWT and the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada. Table of Contents

Preface Editorial Committee Introduction...... i How to Use the Dictionary...... i The Dogrib Alphabet...... ii Nouns, Verbs & Other Types of Words...... vi The Dogrib Language and Its Family...... xv Writing Dene and Dogrib Words...... xvi How a Dictionary is Made...... xvii More on Dogrib Spelling: Orthographic Standardization...... xviii Dogrib to English Dictionary...... 1 English to Dogrib Dictionary...... 137

Preface

The publication of a preliminary edition of the Dogrib Feenstra who began this project on our behalf in Dictionary in 1992 was an important event for the 1990 and for Leslie Saxon and Mary Siemens who Dogrib Divisional Board of Education. The dictionary continued the work after the preliminary dictionary coincided with the graduation of the first teachers publication in 1992. They have committed a great from the Kw’atindee Bino Community Teacher deal of their personal time, energy and passion into Education Program in Rae-Edzo and was intended this project, and the Board of Education is indebted as an integral part of the foundation upon which we to them. could build the language and cultural programming in Appreciation must also be given to the individual our schools. The distribution of the dictionary kindled members of the Dogrib Divisional Board of an interest in many people in their language which Education, who, over the past seven years, have supported the progress of literacy courses in our consistently recognized the importance of this work communities and the writing of Dogrib in our schools. and supported the project. Also, thanks are due We hope that this enlarged and improved edition of to those people outside of our communities who the dictionary will do more of the same. As each year contributed significantly to the success of the project there are fewer elders who speak of the old ways in including Paul Brown and, later, Flemming Andersen the old language, it becomes extremely important of AKTIV Software in Victoria who developed the 4th to document their world view before it is gone Dimension template and completed the formatting altogether. The dictionary is one tool to achieve this for the final product. end. In the future, it will serve young people by giving Finally, I would like to thank the first and second them a glimpse into the world of their ancestors and, generation of Dogrib teachers who have taught our we can pray that it will continue to be the record of a children in their first language: Mary Adele Flunkie, living language. Lucy Lafferty, George Mackenzie, Phillip Mackenzie, The publication of this book is not the end of this Gina Maclean and Terri Tsetta who in many ways dictionary project. We hope to continue documenting started it all with her original noun dictionary, and the Dogrib language, and that this continuing work Josie Bishop, Shirley Campbell, Verna Crapeau, will lead to the publication of a more comprehensive Mary Therese Douglas, Christine Liske, Rosa Mantla, dictionary in the years to come. Indeed, we currently Cecilia Zoe-Martin, Bella Nitsiza, Eva Nitsiza, Marie collect and document the language using a relational Sabourin, Ernestine Steinwand, Tammy Steinwand database that records a great deal more information and Celine Whane. than we have been able to include within the constraints of this edition. Mahsì cho. This dictionary project would never have been completed without the work of a number of people. I Jim Martin, Director want to express my profound appreciation for Jacob Dogrib Divisional Board of Education Editors

Leslie Saxon Department of Linguistics University of Victoria Mary Siemens Teaching & Learning Centre Dogrib Divisional Board of Education Advisory Group

Alphonse Eronchi Phillip Huskey Rosa Huskey Gabe Lafferty Lucy Lafferty Elizabeth Mackenzie Robert Mackenzie Jimmy Martin Elizabeth Quitte Phillip Rabesca Vital Thomas Joe Tobie Isidore Wellin Edward Weyallon Introduction

This book is a revision of the preliminary Dogrib Dogrib has four vowels (a e i o) and four kinds of Dictionary published by the Dogrib Divisional Board vowels. With plain vowels, the air which makes the of Education in 1992. This book both adds and sounds flows through the mouth. Withnasal vowels, subtracts words from the 1992 dictionary. Added are the air which makes the sound flows through the words which were noticed to be missing from the nose and the mouth. With low tone plain vowels, earlier book, and subtracted are words which could the voice is deeper and the air flows through the not be completely checked for correct spelling and mouth. In low tone nasal vowels, the voice is deeper meaning. The words in this book also demonstrate and the air flows through the nose and mouth. For important advances in our understanding of how the example, with the vowel i we write these vowels in Dogrib language is pronounced, especially the four the following way: kinds of vowels. i plain vowel ‡ nasal vowel How to Use the Dictionary Ã low tone plain vowel Alphabetical Order Í low tone nasal vowel In this dictionary the words are listed in the order of Plain vowels are listed in the alphabet before nasal the Dogrib alphabet. Since ˙ is the first letter of the vowels, and regular tone vowels are listed before Dogrib alphabet, all of the words starting with ˙ are low tone vowels. The words below are shown in the listed on the first pages. Sincezh is the last letter, correct order. words which start with zh are listed last. di island ˙ a b ch chö d dl dz e g grouse gh gw h i j k kö kw kwö l dih ¯ m mb n nd o r s sh t dii this tö t¯ t¯ö ts tsö w wh x y z diÃ now zh d‡ four d‡Í four times dÃÀ very

The Dogrib Alphabet

The chart below lists all of the Dogrib letters and letters. Also shown is the closest English equivalent gives Dogrib words which illustrate the sound of the to the Dogrib sound.

Letter Dogrib Word English Translation Closest English Sound

˙ ˙ah snowshoe the ‘click’ sound which we hear in ˙oo spruce bough the expression “oh-oh” t¯ö∑˙eh pants se˙ÎÎ more than me a am� mother father; when a is nasalized, it is lad� table similar to the sound in want d·fi little person eht¯ö‡fi sweater b bebÃ baby baby lÃbal∑ canvas köehbe I am swimming b‡Í beans ch ch· rain chair; some people pronounce this cheÀ cheque sound more like what we hear in nech∑ it is big wetsuit ticho ocean chõ chõoh quill the same as ch, but with the ‘click’ sechõ∑ against me sound as part of it ÀhchõÀ I’m angry ehchõÈfl pickerel d done person did edi hot weather wheda she or he is sitting nedÀ your younger sister dl dlÍfi mouse badly; or sometimes more like glue dlÕo squirrel n∑˙etsöedlÕ we are laughing seÀdl∑ it has been fixed dz dzÀh spruce gum adze adzflza∑ moon edza cold weather d· köÀtaÃdz‡‡ baptism e eht¯öÀ mud, dirt set; when e is nasalized, it is similar wet∑ his or her father to the sound in sent; in a prefix after ‡xÈfl yesterday w, it is similar to wood hfl˙fl yes

ii g gah rabbit go n∑hgﬁ bushman gom· our mother köe˙egege they are backpacking gh segha for me no similar sound in English; similar wegh∑tsöeeda we are looking at it to the r sound in the French rouge nekwÃghÎ your brain “red” n∑xoegh∑ he or she is playing cards gw ehgw∑a dryfish language ch·gwÃa drizzle whagwe sandy area naÍgwi warm yourself up h hanÃ in this way hat; in Dogrib this sound can be ehtsÀe grandfather pronounced inside or at the end of a e¯Àhtöe they are the same word ehj‡ I am singing i lidÃ tea ski; when i is nasalized, it is similar mÍ fish net to the sound in means niw∑ it is far yehtöÃ she or he is pulling it j jÃe berry jet; some people pronounce this j· here sound more like what we hear in dej‡ she or he is scared adze x·nÃ‡ja you got married k ke footwear kit; in prefixes, it is sometimes tsöÀko woman pronounced like x or h k∑tsöele ha we will take them out whekÎ it is hot kõ kõ∑le spider the same as k, but with the ‘click’ ekõ‡Í fish eggs sound as part of it kõechöÃ he or she is crawling whihkõÀ I shot it kw kwe rock quit ekwÎ caribou kwÃtsöÃi comb dekwo it is yellow kwõ kwõah moss the same as kw, but with the ‘click’ ekwõ·Î bones sound as part of it ehkwõi right, correct n∑ekwöo she or he fell l lidÃ tea let el∑ canoe Íle no n∑˙eeli she or he is sewing iii ¯ ¯· many breathy l; similar to the l in flip or e¯exÀ together with each other slip ¯ÀtöÀ ¯ek·· cake seÀh¯∑ I fixed it m mÍ fish net met lamÀ mass masÃ thank you jÃe em· he or she picked berries mb ‡mbÀ summer rumble; many people use the b mbÕ meat sound instead of mb mbeh knife gombaa dawn; it is gray outside n nez‡ it is good net; sometimes n is contracted with shÀnet‡ eat! a vowel to make a nasalized vowel gonÀ our land hogeÀhn· they won nd s‡nde my older brother sandal; many people use the d ndi island sound instead of nd gonda∑ our eyes sexÀgondo he tells me a story o ¯o smoke go; some people pronounce this d∑t¯· how many? sound more like goo; when o is detö·cho eagle nasalized, it is similar to the sound n∑tso it is strong in don’t wheköÕ it is cold r Ed∑idzﬂÈköere Monday similar to carry; some people almost ˙ori / ˙oli spruce bough never use this sound and just leave lÃbarÃ / lÃba∑ barrel it out gerez· / geez· they are black s sa month, sun set sechia my little brother köes‡ge pack me around! k·ÎtsöehsÕa drawers sh shÃh mountain short; some people pronounce this shÀt‡ he or she is eating sound more like what we hear in dech‡shÃa harmonica sort dehshe it is growing t ti water ten net∑ your father dÀtÃ it is expensive n∑etÎ it is broken

iv tõ tõeeko young woman the same as t, but with the ‘click’ tõasÃi something sound as part of it tõasahtöe-le I’m fine t¯ehtõoÕ kicker t¯ t¯e lard settle; or sometimes more like clue t¯‡ dog danet¯o dance! dech‡ket¯Ãa rubbers, overshoes t¯ö t¯öi rope the same as tł, but with the ‘click’ kÎ naÃt¯ö‡‡ lightning sound as part of it en‡ht¯öÀ paper, book wet¯öa under it ts tso firewood cats etse she or he is crying ehts‡ granny ts∑ beaver tsõ tsõah hat the same as ts, but with the ‘click’ tsõ·Îko old woman sound as part of it tsõetsöÀ we are sipping it n‡htsõi wind w wet∑ his or her father wet; in a prefix,w with a following e köa∑wi clerk sounds similar to wood lidÃwÕ teabag n∑niwo he or she worries wh wha marten breathy wh as in when; in a prefix, whet‡ she or he is sleeping wh with a following e sounds like netsö∑wheht¯a I visited you whirr lidÃ dehwh· I want tea x xah goose no similar sound in English; a raspy goxÀ with us h, similar to the German ch as in naehx‡ ha I am going to thaw it Bach (the composer) xoköe winter y yahti priest yet ya˙‡ he or she saw it köeyege she or he is packing it kwö∑yÍﬁ bowl z z· only zoo dez· it is black liz∑ ace (in cards) whezÕ it is crooked zh zhaka the top of the snow pleasure; some people pronounce go‡hzh‡Í shadows this sound more like what we hear go‡zh· he or she is smart n please ‡zhiÃ down

Nouns, Verbs and Other Types of Words

Not all words are alike. This dictionary contains all Now we see changes to the word depending on the kinds of Dogrib words: names for things, activities, timing of the singing: people, relationships, and so on. We sometimes find tsöej‡ we are singing a label in the dictionary telling us the category of a tsöaj‡ we sang word (noun, verb, postposition, adverb, conjunction). tsöij‡ let us sing This label helps us understand how the word is used. Postpositions Nouns postpositions describe relationships between things nouns usually refer to things or people. This type of or people and are not usually said by themselves. word, like yati ‘language’, can change depending on Some postpositions are: who the possessor is: weta among seyatiÃ my language wegha for goyatiÃ our language wekwe before neyatiÃ your language wenahköe compared to naxiyatiÃ you people’s language wexÀ with weyatiÃ his or her language Postpositions change depending on who or what is giyatiÃ their language named in the relationship: Some other nouns are t· ‘bucket’, beh ‘knife’, t‡li sekwe before me ‘road’, ewÕ ‘hide’, lad∑ ‘table’, wheköÕo ‘freezer’, gikwe before them got∑ ‘father’, gow∑ ‘mouth’. sedÀ kwe before my younger sister

Verbs Conjunctions verbs refer to actions and descriptions. These words conjunctions are words which join words or change depending on who or what is involved in the sentences together to express a relationship between action, and the timing of the action. Tsöej‡ is a verb them. ‘And’, ‘but’, ‘because’ are conjunctions meaning ‘someone is singing’. Below we see some in English. In Dogrib we also find a variety of changes to the word depending on who is doing the conjunctions: singing: eyigotsö· and, and then ej‡ she or he is singing g∑ besides, and nej‡ you are singing (one person) tö∑ because ahj‡ you are singing (more than one t¯ö∑x·· after person) kÕ but, although gej‡ they are singing n‡dÀ if, when

vi Conjunctions don’t change their shape in hÕt¯öÕ hard sentences in Dogrib. Here are two examples of how tsöÀwh‡ slowly, quietly, softly, peacefully conjunctions are used: ekÃi just, for nothing fast, quickly SedÀ, eyigotsö· nedÀ S·ÎmbaköÀ gotsöÎ ¯igeÀht¯a. ‡gh∑∑ My younger sister and your younger sister left for Prefixes and Suffixes Yellowknife. prefixes and suffixes are not complete words, but N∑Àdi ehdÀ tö∑ shÀht‡ ha dÃÀ. form part of larger words. The Dogrib language Because I’m taking medicine, I can’t eat. possesses a very large number of prefixes, and quite a few suffixes. Often we can give a meaning Adverbs to prefixes and suffixes, and for this reason some adverbs are words which qualify an action or are listed in the dictionary. Below we see some description. In English many adverbs end in -ly, such prefixes and suffixes, and a sample of words which as softly, quickly. Like English, Dogrib has many are formed using them. Prefixes are spelled with a adverbs. Here are some examples: hyphen after them to show that they are attached to the beginning of a word. Suffixes have the hyphen before them, to show they attach at the end of a word.

x∑- out x∑et¯öÕ pour out, gush out x∑ehshe grow out x∑yehdl∑ pull out nÃa- put back nÃayeeka take back a plateful nÃayeet‡ take back a rigid object tex∑- out of water tex∑da walk out of the water tex∑yeetÍ take a rigid object out of the water -deÀ great, big yahtideÀ bishop d·deÀ crowd, great man -cho big, large ticho ocean t¯‡cho horse mam∑cho grandmother -gÕÕ new, fresh, lidÃgÕÕ fresh tea young kegÕÕ new shoes -le not nez‡-le bad, not good nech∑-le small hanÃ-le not like that

vii Two Special Types of Verbs: Handling handling handling a Verbs and Verbs of Motion plural objects rigid object There are two types of verbs in Dogrib which egh·Îyeele egh·ÎyeetÍ haul deserve special mention: handling verbs and verbs goyÃiyeele goyÃiyeet‡ take inside of motion. With verbs of handling and physical location in Dogrib, the last part of the verb – the verb x�yele x�yeetÍ take out stem – changes depending on what kind of thing kwiÃyeele kwiÃyeet‡ put in the fire is being handled. This comes out clearly when we compare two sets of verbs: one set which describes nayaale nayaat‡ carrying along the handling of plural objects (like papers, beads, whela whet· be located traps, clothes, or any collection of similar things) and yÀh¯a yÀht· keep, have another set which describes the handling of a rigid object (like a stick, a gun, a vehicle, a canoe, or a This dictionary includes many handling verbs. So that pole). it will be simpler to keep track of what type of object is being handled, in the dictionary we have used some standard terms for talking about the class of things which can be handled. These standard terms are described in the chart below.

Term Verb Example Thing Handled plural objects egh·Îyeele haul logs, buckets of water, hides, bottles, dogs, dishes rigid object nayaat‡ carrying along gun, pole, stick, canoe animate object nÃyehtÀ put down, give birth baby, dog, person chunky object x�ye˙� take out tooth, one piece of wood, clock, rock, ball; also abstract things like a word or a song cloth object yegh�yehchi give rug, jacket, sheet of plastic, a hide, a sheet of paper containerful wheht· be located teakettle, pail of water heavy object nÃayeehxe put back bag of flour, full packsack, bucket of water, box of meat liquid or grainy material whet¯öi be located sugar, salt, laundry soap, water, juice plateful yet¯öa�yeeka hand over plate of meat, bowl of soup, dish of ice cream single object yegh�yeechi hand knife, cup, book, phone many things nÃyewa put down books, lots of stuff, tools

viii Because of this patterning we find sets of words in Behch‡Í j· whet·.: The sled is here. the dictionary with nearly the same meanings, but whet¯öi: be (located) (liquid or grainy material), be differing in what kind of thing is being handled. Here contained (liquid or grainy material) is an example of one set: Ejat· yÃi ti whet¯öi.: There is water in the jar. Dewa weyÃi whet¯öi.: There is salt in it (a whe˙·: be (located) (chunky object) container). SadzeÀ lad∑ köe whe˙·.: The clock is on the table. Motion verbs are verbs used to describe the wheda: be (located) (one person), sit (one person), movement of people, vehicles, and animals. stay (one person) Depending on the method of travel and the number EneÀko ezeh, ôJ· whida!ö: The old man was of actors involved in the movement, a different calling, ‘I am here!’ verb stem is used. We can see how this works by To gh∑∑ se∑g‡ﬁ sexÀ ‡d∑.: All through the night, comparing another two sets of verbs: one set which my friend stayed with me. describes the movement of one person walking, and wheht·: be (located) (containerful) another set which describes crawling movement. Eyi ti nech∑a wheht·.: There was a large lake there. one person walking crawling AsÍÍ lidÃ wheht·?: Is there tea? köeda walk around köechöÃ crawl around whela: be (located) (plural objects) naeda walking back naechöÃ crawling back N∑˙edÃi kÎ, whe wha∑ gotsö· whela n·Î, eyitö∑ deda start walking dechöÃ start crawling dÀtÃ-le adl∑ n·Î.: The belts had been in the store nÎ·da walk back nÎ·chöÃ crawl back for a long time, so they had gotten cheap. yetsö∑da walk to yetsö∑chöÃ crawl to whete: be (located) (plural animate objects), sleep (plural animate objects) There are a great many motion verbs in Dogrib; so D· whete.: People are sleeping. many that there are many missing from the dictionary still. (The same is true for the handling verbs.) whet‡: be (located) (one animate object), be lying down (one animate object), sleep (one animate To create words ourselves which are not in the object) dictionary, we can use the patterns that we do find in BebÃa yeköe whet‡ n·Î.: The baby was lying on it. the dictionary. In the chart below we show some of Wha∑ whenet‡-le.: Don’t sleep long. the patterns involving verbs describing movements. whet·: be (located) (rigid object)

Stems for Motion Verbs Verb Example -da walking, one person köeda walk around -˙∑ walking, two people tsöee˙∑ start walking -dÀ walking, plural people yetsö∑dÀ walk to -t¯a go, one or two people naet¯e going along -who go, plural things dagotsöehwho dance -be swim, one or two things köebe swim around -˙e swim, plural things nÃtsö‡˙e arrive swimming -ka hop naeka hop away -töa fly köetöa fly around -kÀ drive yeteekÀ drive over -go move on four legs, one animal naego moving along

ix There are several more motion verb stems, and many goda∑ eye many more combinations of prefixes and stems that gokwÃgh∑ hair are possible. gokÀ feet go‡zÃ name Nouns, Verbs and Postpositions in the If a word refers to a family member, it is also listed Dictionary with the prefixgo -: In this section, we show more detail on how nouns, younger sister verbs, and postpositions are shown in the dictionary. godÀ father As we have seen, nouns, verbs, and postpositions got∑ brother-in-law or sister-in-law all change a little depending on how they are used in goye son context. gozha When we examine the example sentences that Nouns go with these types of words, we sometimes find For the head words in this dictionary, nouns are given changed forms of the nouns. Some examples are in their unchanged shape: given here to illustrate this. ewÕ hide ekeÀköÀ: track (of animal), footprints en‡ht¯öÀ paper ekwÎ keÀköÀ: caribou tracks lad∑ table In this example we are specifying ‘caribou tracks’, potato nihshe so we replace the prefixe - with the word ekwÎ In the dictionary’s example sentences, sometimes ‘caribou’. a word is used in a changed shape. We see an It is similar in the next example, where there is example of this in the dictionary entry for xo, mention of ‘my legs’, not just ‘legs’ in general. meaning ‘year’ or ‘winter’ in Dogrib. gokwö·Î: bone, leg, corpse xo, hanÃ-le dÀ xoo, xoye: year, winter Sekwö·Î nÃn‡‡ts·.: My legs are tired. tai xo: three years D∑t¯· weghoÕ?: How old is he? Verbs In the second example given, the word for ‘his years’ In this dictionary, verbs are listed in the shape is weghoÕ. This is the possessive form of the word. that means ‘he or she is doing something’. Some Knowing the changed shapes for nouns and other examples of verbs which have a subject but no words is part of knowing the Dogrib language. object (intransitive verbs) are: Some nouns are the names of things which are ej‡ sing always part of a person or animal. If the word ejÃ breathe refers to a part of an animal, it starts with e- in the dat¯o dance (one person) dictionary: dagohwho dance (many people) n∑zÀ hunt edzaw∑ (caribou) leg bone niÃt¯a get up (one person) ekã‡Í (fish) eggs ekwÃ (caribou) head As we saw above, verbs can change depending etsãiÃ guts on the actor or the timing of the action. Example eyÀ eggs sentences in the dictionary show both of these types of changed forms. If a word refers to a part of a person, it is given in the say, said dictionary with the prefixgo - ‘our’: adi: Eded‡ adi.: He said it. ‹hdah ehkwöi agedi.: The elders are telling the truth. In the second example sentence for the verb adi aehs‡: I say, I said ‘say’, the changed form is agedi, since we are talking S‡ aehs‡.: I said it. about what more than one person said. Ehkwöi aehs‡.: I’m telling the truth. With the next verb, both example sentences show With this pair of words, the difference is that the changed forms, köeehtöÍ, when I am the actor, and second one is a special changed form aehs‡, used kö‡‡töÍ, when you are doing the action. when the one doing the action is me and no one else. köeetöÍ: look around, see, be able to see In the next example, the two verbs differ from each Hfl˙fl, nez‡Í köeehtöÍ es∑nÃle!: Yes, I can see well! other in the timing of the event. The first one is for Sah ka kö‡‡töÍ.: Look around for bears. general use; the second is only used if we are talking With the verb d∑gode below, the timing of the event about an event which is past and completed. in the two example sentences is different. In the agode: become (situation), happen, come to be first, with the unchanged form, the event is going BehchokÎ tsö· d·zhÃi ‡kwÈfl gee˙À, xatöÎ agode People used to paddle across to Rae, to happen in the future (the word ha indicates the kwe.: before fall-time came. future). In the second, with the changed form d∑gotö‡, the event is currently ongoing. agÕj∑: became (situation), happened, got to be MÎtöa go‡kwö∑h agÕj∑.: It got wet outside. d∑gode: what happens? D∑gode ha?: What will happen? Transitive Verbs D∑gotö‡?: What is happening? All of the verbs in the examples above are There is another example of this in the next sample intransitive. Verbs that have objects (transitive verbs) from the dictionary. are listed in the dictionary in the shape which means hod∑ezi: slide down ‘he or she acted on him, her, or it’. We findye- AsÍÍ hod∑‡zi ha?: Are you going to slide down? somewhere in these verbs: ye- represents the object. Hod∑Àzoh.: He slid down. Hod·deedzoh.: He is tobogganing (sliding down yehts‡ make again and again). yegh∑eda look at köeyehte carry around (animate object) The unchanged shape is hod∑ezi. In the first nayehsh∑ dry (clothes) example sentence, the changed form hod∑‡zi shows that we are talking about you sliding down. In the Because the subject and the object are shown on second sentence, the changed form hod∑Àzoh the verb itself, the verb actually has the meaning of shows that we are talking about him sliding down an entire sentence. For instance, yehts‡ means ‘he or in the past. The last sentence has another changed she is making it’. form hod·deedzoh, which tells us that we are talking Transitive verbs have forms which change depending about sliding down again and again. In the changed on the actor, the object, or the timing. We see a few forms, as we see here, not only the prefixes but also examples of this below. the verb stem itself can change in shape. yegh∑eda, hanÃ-le dÀ yegh∑enda: look at, watch Sometimes the changed shapes for verbs are so (verb) distinctive that we truly wonder if it is the same verb Eyi tsöÀko segh∑eda.: That woman is looking at me. or not. In the dictionary we sometimes find separate EhtsÀe ˙ah ehts‡ gh∑geeda.: They are watching entries for the changed shapes of verb. Here are two grandfather making snowshoes. examples showing this. TV to gh∑∑ wegh∑id∑.: I watched TV all night. adi: say, said The unchanged word yegh∑eda means ‘he or she Eded‡ adi.: He said it. is looking at him, her, or it’. In the first example ‹hdah ehkwöi agedi.: The elders are telling the truth. sentence, the verb segh∑eda means ‘he or she is xi looking at me’, where ‘me’ is the object instead of Postpositions ‘him, her, or it’. The verb in the second example has Postpositions indicate a relationship to a thing or a plural actor ‘they’. In the third example the verb person. In the dictionary they are given in a form with means ‘I watched it’. The verb is changed, showing the prefixwe -, which means ‘him, her, or it’. that I was the actor in an event which was completed weköe on in the past. weg∑ beside yehköÀ: shoot wedfl without YehköÀ ha.: He is going to shoot it. wen‡‡d∑∑ through DedÃi whehköÀ.: He shot a moose. HozÃi köe nÃg‡‡˙e kÕ, ekwÎ g‡‡hköÀ.: When they weta among arrived on the barrenlands, they shot caribou. The dictionary entry for the postposition weköÀÀ The unchanged verb form is used in the first ‘after’ is shown below. sentence, which means that he or she is going to weköÀÀ: after, behind, following after (postposition) shoot it. In the second example sentence, he shot Wet∑ köÀÀ getse.: They cry after their father. a moose, and the changed form is whehköÀ, for an Nel‡Í seköÀÀ köe˙∑.: Your dogs are following me. action completed. G‡‡hköÀ, in the third example, The unchanged word means ‘after him, her, or it’. is a changed form used for talking about an event In the first example, the person being followed completed in the past by a number of people. after is named – it is wet∑ ‘their father’ – and the postposition is used without any prefix. In the second Impersonal Verbs example, the dogs are following after me, and the Some verbs refer to activities or descriptions which changed form of the postposition is seköÀÀ ‘after are not true for people. In this dictionary, these me’. verbs are listed in the shape that means ‘it is doing something’: Postpositions that start with go- indicate a relationship to a place, time, or situation. ehtsöÕa be curly from a place or time enÃk∑etÍ (the door) opens gotsö· away from a place k∑‡tsÕ have a bump or lump gotsö·Î back in time, behind in space tad·ni˙∑ extend around in a circle godÀe in the shelter of a place whet· be located (rigid object) go˙Í‡ gogee between two places Although these verbs do not change according to the actor, they may change according to the timing The prefix can be used whether the place, time, or of the event being described. We can see this in situation is actually mentioned or not. the dictionary entry for the impersonal verb n∑dl∑, go˙Í‡, hanÃ-le dÀ go˙‡Í: behind a place, in the shelter of meaning ‘get ripped’ or ‘tear’: KÎ go˙Í‡ n∑dee˙Í.: He is hiding behind the house. n∑dl∑: get ripped, tear (verb) In the example above, we know exactly where the EjaköÀ enÃ‡töii n∑dl∑ ha.: The curtain is going to action is taking place, from the phrase kÎ go˙Í‡ get ripped. ‘behind the house’. Web∑a z· n∑‡dla.: Only its edge was ripped. goyiÃ, hanÃ-le dÀ gozhiÃ: inside a hollow space The first example sentence is concerned with the SatsÎ goyiÃ whe˙·.: The stove is inside (the future, and we find the unchanged form of the verb house). together with ha, indicating something foreseen in In the example above, showing the postposition the future. The second example sentence is about a goyiÃ, ‘inside’, we do not know inside what building past event, and the changed form of the verb n∑‡dla the stove is found, but we assume that it is inside the ‘it was ripped’, is used. house. xii Paradigms The changed forms of the nouns, verbs, and postpositions of Dogrib, and also other languages, can be set out together in charts called ‘paradigms’. On this and the following page we show some very simple paradigms in Dogrib.

Noun Paradigms got∑ father t‡li trail set∑ my father set‡liÃ my trail net∑ your father (one of you) net‡liÃ your trail (one of you) naxit∑ our father (two of us), naxit‡liÃ our trail (two of us), your trail your father (some of you) (some of you) got∑ our father (some of us) got‡liÃ our trail (some of us) wet∑ his or her father wet‡liÃ his or her trail git∑ their father git‡liÃ their trail edet∑ his or her own father edet‡liÃ his or her own trail

Postposition Paradigms wexÀ with wegha for sexÀ with me segha for me nexÀ with you (one of you) negha for you (one of you) naxixÀ with us (two of us), naxigha for us (two of us), with you (some of you) for you (some of you) goxÀ with us (some of us) gogha for us (some of us) wexÀ with him or her wegha for him or her gixÀ with them gigha for them edexÀ with oneself edegha for oneself

Verb Paradigms ejÃ breathe x∑yege shovel out, dig out action now action now ehjÃ I’m breathing zhah x∑hge I’m shovelling snow nejÃ you are breathing (one of you) zhah x∑nege you are shovelling snow (one of you) diÃjÃ zhah x∑diÃge or wÃjÃ we are breathing (two of us) or zhah x∑wÃge we are shovelling snow (two of us) ahjÃ you are breathing zhah x∑ahge you are shovelling snow (some of you) (some of you) ejÃ he, she, or it is breathing zhah x∑ge he or she is shovelling snow tsöejÃ we are breathing (some of us), zhah x∑tsöege we are shovelling snow someone is breathing (some of us), someone is shovelling snow gejÃ they are breathing zhah x∑gege they are shovelling snow

xiii yegh∑eda look at, watch yegh∑eda look at, watch action now action complete wegh∑ehda I’m looking at it wegh∑ihd∑ or wegh∑id∑ I have looked at it wegh∑‡da you are looking at it (one of you) wegh∑nﬂﬂd∑ you have looked at it (one of you) wegh∑diÃda wegh∑diÃd∑ or wegh∑Ãda we are looking at it (two of us) or wegh∑iÃd∑ we have looked at it (two of us) wegh∑ahda you are looking at it wegh∑ahd∑ you have looked at it (some of you) wegh∑ad∑ (some of you) yegh∑eda he or she is looking at it yegh∑‡d∑ he or she has looked at it wegh∑tsöeeda we are looking at it (some of wegh∑tsö‡‡d∑ we have looked at it (some of us), someone is looking at it us), someone has looked at it gigh∑eda they are looking at it gigh∑‡d∑ they have looked at it

deko cough deko cough action now action complete dehko I’m coughing deehko I coughed d‡ko d‡‡ko or n‡ko you are coughing (one of you) or n‡‡ko you coughed (one of you) diÃko we are coughing (two of us) diÃko we coughed (two of us) or dÃko dahko you are coughing (some of you) daahko you coughed (some of you) deko he or she is coughing dako he or she coughed tsöeeko we are coughing (some of us), tsöaako we coughed (some of us), someone is coughing someone coughed geeko they are coughing geako they coughed

xiv The Dogrib Language and Its Family

The Dogrib language is in a close family of about All of the people who originally spoke Na-Dene thirty languages. In this family of languages, which languages come from one people, and the Na-Dene linguists call the Na-Dene or Athapaskan family, languages were once one language. As time has Slave and Chipewyan are the languages which are passed, and people have moved and migrated, the closest and most similar to Dogrib. Because of the language has gradually changed so that now the similarities between the languages, some Dogrib people living in different areas speak their own people can understand Slave or Chipewyan. Other distinctive Na-Dene languages. The process of languages in the family are not so close to the Dogrib change is still going on. The shared heritage of the language, so Dogrib people can usually understand many languages means that many words are similar: only some words or phrases in other Na-Dene many words in Dogrib, Slave, and Chipewyan are languages. almost the same, but even in the widely spread-out languages Gwich’in, Ahtna, Hupa, and Navajo, we Languages related to Dogrib are spoken in the western Northwest Territories, northern parts of Manitoba, Saskatchewan, Alberta, and British Columbia, the Yukon Territory, and Alaska. More Na-Dene languages are or were spoken in western parts of the American states of Washington, Oregon, and California, mostly in inland river valleys. In the dry desert plateaus of the south-western American states of Colorado, New Mexico, and Arizona, and in some areas of northern Mexico, the southern relatives of the Dogrib language, Apache and Navajo, are spoken. (Navajo is also called Dine.)

my hand she is sitting two snow Dogrib s‡l∑ wheda n∑ke zhah, zah Slave s‡l‘ wheda n‘ke zha, ya Chipewyan s‡l‘ theda n‘ke yath Gwichöin shinlee dhidii neekaii zhoh Ahtna slaö zdaa naadaeggi yaas Hupa whilaö tsöisday nahx [different word] Navajo sh÷laö sid‘ naaki yas, zas

xv Writing Dene and Dogrib Words

The European traveller Alexander Mackenzie passed Archdeacon MacDonald, who preached and through the Dogrib territory approximately two lived among the Gwich’in people for many years, hundred years ago, on the trip which took him to the developed an alphabet spelling system for Gwich’in Arctic Ocean. He kept a diary about his trip, in which (which he called Tukudh). His grammar and dictionary he commented that the languages of all the Na-Dene of Gwich’in was published in 1911. More recently, people he met were very similar. He travelled with Philip Howard did important teaching, dictionary Chipewyan people, and wrote down a list of words work and scriptural translations in southern Slave. from the Chipewyan language. On his trip to the The verb dictionary which he compiled was Pacific Ocean in 1792, he met Carrier people on the published in 1990. western side of the Rockies and wrote down words In the last part of this century, the Government of from their language too. (He called it the language the Northwest Territories began to promote the of the Nagailer people.) Here are a few of the words use of the Dene languages in schools. Over the from Mackenzie’s diary, in the spellings which he past few decades, many very dedicated teachers used: and teacher’s assistants produced a huge volume English Chipewyan Carrier of curriculum materials for the Chipewyan, Slave, man dinnie dinay Dogrib, and Gwich’in schools. woman chequois chiqoui There has also been some work done by academics fire counn coun from universities in southern parts of Canada and in hand law lah the United States. Keren Rice published a very large wood dethkin dekin and comprehensive grammar of the Slave language dog sliengh sleing in 1989. Her book is important for study of the After Mackenzie, for about one hundred and fifty Chipewyan and Dogrib languages because of their years, it was mainly missionaries who wrote down similarities with Slave. the Dene languages of the Northwest Territories. Two Terri Tsetta (Tatsiechele) produced an excellent noun important missionary/linguists of the last century dictionary of the Dogrib language in 1986. Each were Father Emile Petitot and Archdeacon Robert of the Dogrib dictionaries to come in the future, MacDonald. In 1876, Father Petitot published in including this one, builds on her important work. France a sizable dictionary of three languages: The book which you are reading now is a dictionary Chipewyan (which he called ‘Montagnais’), Slave of of all types of words in Dogrib, including nouns, Fort Good Hope (which he called ‘Peaux de Lièvre’), verbs, and the other parts-of-speech. It is called and Gwichöin (which he called ‘Loucheux’). His ‘preliminary’ because the Dogrib Divisional Board of dictionary also contains remarks about other Dene Education plans to publish a much larger dictionary languages, including Dogrib, Beaver, and Sekani. within the next several years. The larger dictionary The introductory part of the dictionary contains an will contain about three times as many words as important description of the sounds and grammar this dictionary, and will include more information of the languages, and an explanation of the about each word, as well as examples of phrases syllabic characters which Father Petitot and other and sentences for each word. The Dogrib Divisional Roman Catholic priests of the district were using Board of Education would like contributions of words in prayer books and hymnals for their parishioners. and ideas for the dictionaries from everyone in all the Dogrib communities. xvi How a Dictionary is Made

This dictionary was made because more and more The spellings which are used in this dictionary do not people want to write their beliefs and ideas in the exactly match the pronunciations of any one person Dogrib language. A dictionary is useful because it who speaks Dogrib. In the Dogrib communities, gives spellings for words, so that each person does there is some variety in the way people speak, not have to struggle to decide how each word should including the pronunciations they use, the words be spelled. Everyone can use the dictionary with they use, and the meanings that they give to words. some confidence that the words are spelled in ways The most important idea behind the spellings in this that will be understood. dictionary is that the different dialects of Dogrib are A dictionary gathers together a large amount of represented in the dictionary. For this reason, two or information about a language. Because a language more different words are listed in the dictionary for is part of a culture and part of a society of people, many items, such as ‘airplane’, ‘frying pan’, ‘moose’, a dictionary will always give information not only and ‘mosquito’. For many other words, two or more about words, but also about the culture and about spellings for the same word are listed, representing the society of people who speak that language. A different pronunciations which are used by different dictionary cannot be made by one person, because a groups of Dogrib people. Here are some examples: culture or a society is not made of one person. kwö�chÀ frying pan In making this dictionary, the dictionary compilers kwö�töÀe frying pan gathered together words from many sources, kwöih mosquito including stories and speeches from elders, and deji mosquito conversations from everyday life. Another important scissors source is the previous work of several linguists. be¯ex�a scissors These linguists have consulted with many Dogrib tambeh language experts and elders over the years, and the ejaköÀ window words they have collected are very useful. edzaköÀ window Upon gathering the words, the compilers checked shÀtsöezhe we are eating a meal each word for accuracy of spelling, meaning, and sÀtsöeze we are eating a meal usage at least three times, usually by consulting other Dogrib language experts or elders.

xvii More on Dogrib Spelling: Orthographic Standardization

From 1987 to 1989, the Government of the dech‡x�� club/stick Northwest Territories organized and funded the Dene dech‡x�a termite Languages Orthographic Standardization Project, köebe she or he is swimming around which aimed to encourage and promote the use of köeebe she or he swam around consistent spellings in each of the Dene languages of the Northwest Territories. The committees gotsö· from an area working for each of five language groups had several gotsö·Î away from an area meetings separately and together, at which they n�hzÀ ha I’m going to go hunting discussed many issues of spelling. Some of the n�ahzÀ groups sponsored public meetings and did research ha nÃ? are you people going to go hunting? on language concerns in their communities. There are many, many pairs or sets of words like At the end of the project, each committee drew up these ones. The spelling difference between one and guidelines for standard spellings of its language. The two vowels is a very important part of the Dogrib most important finding of the committee for Dogrib language. was that many words in Dogrib need to be spelled Another topic which the Dogrib Orthographic with double vowels. These double vowels are needed Standardization Committee considered was the to show the difference between pairs of words. One two sets of consonants in the “alveo-series”. Some clear example is the following: people pronounce many words with ch, chö, j, sh, d‡ four and zh sounds. Other people use these sounds in d‡Í four times some of these words but not all of them. In those In the second word, the vowel is drawn out, and also other words, they use the sounds ts, tsö, dz, s, and z. has a low tone. Another pair of words is: Another group of people only rarely use the sounds ch, chö, j, sh, and zh, instead almost always using ts, gej‡ they are singing tsö, dz, s, and z. These two sets of sounds are called they are scared geej‡ the “alveo-series”. In 1995, it was decided that this Because of the differences in meaning, it is important dictionary would include two spellings for the ch, chö, to spell these words correctly, one with a short vowel j, sh, and zh words, in order to recognize the fact that (one vowel symbol) and the other with a long vowel these words have two different pronunciations in the (two vowel symbols). Dogrib communities. The spelling pairs match up in the following way: Here are more examples of contrasting words: ch > ts dez· it is black chö > tsö dez·· the black one j > dz wecheÀ his or her cheque sh > s wechÀ its tail zh > z wegh� its fur wegh�� according to it, using it as a guide

xviii Here are some examples of words with two alveo- series spellings: ch· rain ts· rain cheko young man tseko young man behch‡Í vehicle behts‡Í vehicle töasÃichöiÃ garbage töasÃitsöiÃ garbage sechö�ej‡ he or she is scared of me setsö�edz‡ he or she is scared of me eja glass edza glass d�j�? what happened? d�dz�? what happened? shÀht‡ I’m eating sÀht‡ I’m eating nihshe potato nihse potato zhakaköekÕa snowmobile zakaköekÕa snowmobile ezhael‡ he or she is sick ezael‡ he or she is sick Because there are many words spelled with letters of the alveo-series, many words are given in this dictionary with more than one spelling. This is something about which the Dogrib Divisional Board of Education would like to get feedback on, in preparation for the larger dictionary.

xix

T¯‡ch· köÈÈ ˙Àh: dam, fish trap T¯‡ch· kãÈÈ ˙oli, hanÃ-le dÀ ˙oo, ˙ori: spruce bough ˙oo, hanÃ-le dÀ ˙ori, ˙oli: spruce bough ˙oogoÕ, hanÃ-le dÀ ˙origoÕ, ˙oligoÕ: spruce needle ˙ah: snowshoe ˙ ˙oorÃchoköÀ, hanÃ-le dÀ ˙orÕköÀcho: large eddy ˙ah egaa: snowshoe netting ˙oorÃköÀ, hanÃ-le dÀ ˙orÕköÀ: eddy ˙ah etsöaÀhmÎ: snowshoe (round-nosed) ˙oorÃtsoköÀ, hanÃ-le dÀ ˙orÕköÀcho: large eddy ˙ahcho: snowshoe, large, for hunting ˙ori, hanÃ-le dÀ ˙oo, ˙oli: spruce bough ˙ahkeÀ: snowshoe tracks ˙·se niw·: think ahead, prepare for the next time ˙ahkwÃ: snowshoe front ˙ahkwÃ ekwöa: snowshoe front crosspiece ˙ahkwÃ ¯eet¯ö‡: snowshoe front joint T¯‡ch· kãÈÈ ˙ahkwö·Î: snowshoe frame ˙aht¯ö�: snowshoe back ˙aht¯ö�; ekwöa: snowshoe back crosspiece aatsö·Î, hanÃ-le dÀa datsö·Î: always, all the time ˙aht¯öiÃ: snowshoe strap aatsö·tsöÎ, hanÃ-le dÀ datsö·tsöÎ: always, ˙ahtso: snowshoe, large, for hunting continuously ˙�h: fog, mist aatsöÎ, hanÃ-le dÀ töaatsöÎ: somewhere work ˙àh daetse: be misty aàlaada, hanÃ-le dÀ eghàlaeda: Aàla‡dà hÕ, diÃ aàlaada-le. He was working, but he ˙àh gÎh¯‡: be foggy isn’t working now. ˙e köe whelaa: parka or jacket trim aba, hanÃ-le dÀ amba: my older sister ˙echà, hanÃ-le dÀ ‡hchà: slip, lingerie abà: dad, father ˙edziÃwiÃ: blouse ach‡, hanÃ-le dÀ köach‡: again ˙eh: jacket, coat, dress, skirt adaade: becoming, getting to be ˙eht¯ö‡: cloth, gauze BebÃa nechà adaade. The baby is getting big. ˙eht¯ö‡fi: sweater ade: be, get to be (situation), happen, occur, go, do, come ˙eht¯ö‡cho: stroud Zhah ¯· ade ha. There will be lots of snow. dark or navy blue stroud ˙eht¯ö‡cho dez··: SexÀ anede. Go with me. ˙eht¯ö‡tso: stroud adflÈ, hanÃ-le dÀ ed‡Í: where?, what time? ˙eht¯ö‡tso dez··: dark or navy blue stroud adi: say, said ˙etöàà: lining Eded‡ adi. He said it. ˙etöààtsöedaa: underwear ‹hdah ehkwöi agedi. The elders are telling the truth. ˙etsà, hanÃ-le dÀ ‡hchà: slip, lingerie adle: be done, get to be ˙ezÃi: blouse Whe dÀtÃ-le adlà. The belt was made cheaper. ˙ezhÃi: blouse Sen‡ht¯öÀÀ e¯ad‡Í adle ha. My licence will be changed. adzà: became, got to be, happened, occurred ahxe: wealthy, rich, has everything going for (him/ Haz·Î naahtsà aahdzà. You have all gotten big. her), complete ˜À whÃle adzà, eyitöà ¯ÀtöÀ ehtöÀ ha dÃÀ. It has D· ahxe el‡. He is a wealthy person. happened that there is no flour, so I can’t cook a‡hda: weigh, pound bannock. Nàke lemÃ a‡hda. It weighs two thousand pounds. adzfl: moonlight a‡hz·: be that big, be of a certain size Dii toÕ adzfl ha. There is going to be moonlight We˙elà naxi˙elà wenahköe a‡hz·. His boat is tonight. bigger than our boat. adzflzaà, hanÃ-le dÀ adzflzah: moon a‡hzh·: be that big, be of a certain size adzflzah köÀnehs··: full moon We˙elà naxi˙elà wenahköe a‡hzh·. His boat is bigger than our boat. adzflzah köÀnehsh··: full moon aÃ˙·: be left behind (single object), remain (single moonlight adzflzah xen‡‡d‡: object) adzÍÍ, hanÃ-le dÀ ajÃÃ: caribou moss, lichen AyÃi aÃ˙·?: What is left behind? adzÍÍ degoo: white lichen aÃda: be left behind (animate object), remain (animate object) aehs‡: I say, I said Jesus S‡ aehs‡. I said it. ZezÃ edem· naàht· Jerusalem aÃda. Ehkwöi aehs‡. I’m telling the truth. was left behind in Jerusalem without his mother knowing it. AÀchöÃa kÎ: Weavers, a store in Yellowknife aÃla: be left behind (plural objects), remain (plural be comparable to, be same as aÀh¯‡: objects) AÀtsöÃa kÎ: Weavers, a store in Yellowknife Dàt¯· aÃla?: How many are left? Ke nàke aÃla. There are two shoes left behind. agodaade: becoming (situation), beginning to happen, getting to be aÍ¯‡: remain the same without change, be same Detö·cho Zaà köe n‡dÀ gÕkÎ agodaade. In March, Sa NeköÎfi sÃi siÃ edza aÍ¯‡. In February it remains it is beginning to warm up. very cold. Ch· ¯· agodaade. There is getting to be more rain. Wetà aÍ¯‡. He is just like his father. agode: become (situation), happen, come to be Sach· agÕ¯‡ ha. Tomorrow is going to be the same. BehchokÎ tsö· d·zhÃi ‡kwÈfl gee˙À, xatöÎ agode ajà: became, got to be, happened, occurred kwe. People used to paddle across to Rae, before Hazh·Î naahchà aahjà. You have all gotten big. fall-time came. ˜À whÃle ajà, eyitöà ¯ÀtöÀ ehtöÀ xa dÃÀ. It has Xoköe agotöÍ n‡dÀ segha ho‡z‡. I like it when winter happened that there is no flour, so I can’t cook comes. bannock. became (situation), happened, got to be agÕdzà: ajÍÍ, hanÃ-le dÀ ajÃÃ: caribou moss, lichen MÎtöa go‡kwöàh agÕdzà. It got wet outside. ajÍÍ degoo: white lichen agÕjà: became (situation), happened, got to be MÎtöa go‡kwöàh agÕjà. It got wet outside. ak·Î, hanÃ-le dÀ ek·Î: there, that way Ak·Î neehchi ha. I’ll take you there. agÎhtöe: be (situation) DiidzflÈ köe, ayÃi dzfl agÎhtöe?: What day is it ak·Î, hanÃ-le dÀ ek·Î: Expression said in a crowd, today? excuse me!, watch out!, make way! ahodi: be spoken, was heard (this word is not used akwee hÕ, hanÃ-le dÀ dakwee kÕ: before, formerly, in alone) the past Ehkwöi ahodi. That is the truth. Ekàhodii ahodi. That is what is meant. akwee whaà: long time ago

akwe¯ÎÎ: first time, the very first time asÃi nàÀhdlii: handicraft amà, hanÃ-le dÀ àma: mother asÃi töà daÃtà: trip over something AsÃi töà daÃtà. He tripped over something. amÀe, hanÃ-le dÀ amÃi: who?, whose?, which person? asÃi töà hoÃla nàhÕwoh: something bad happened, there was an accident amÃi, hanÃ-le dÀ amÀe: who?, whose?, which AsÃi töà hoÃla nàhÕwoh. Something bad happened. person? AmÃi lidÃ whehts‡?: Who made tea? asÃi tsöà˙·· d·Î: game warden AmÃi da ‡‡t¯öÀ?: Who are you writing to? asÃi tsöeh¯aa kÎa: storage room, closet amÃike: who? (two or more people) asÃi tsö· ni˙à-le: be careless amba, hanÃ-le dÀ aba: my older sister asÃi wetsöÎ nà˙etsöeehdÃi d·Î: cashier, salesperson anadaade: becoming again, getting to be again asÃi wiizÃi: nothing, not a thing Ch· anadaade. It is getting to be rainy again. AsÃi wiizÃi whenehköÀ-le. You didn’t shoot anything. anade: come again, do again asÃi wheköÕo weyÃi whelaa: refrigerator, freezer anadle: be done again, become again asÍ‡, hanÃ-le dÀ töasÍ‡: somewhere, anywhere anatöÍ: become again (repeatedly), get to be again AsÍ‡ geÀde. They went somewhere. KöaàtöÃi anatöÍ. He gets well again from time to time. asÍÍ: Question marker of yes/no questions, whether, if ¤mbÀ köe, asÃi hazh·Î köe˙à anatöÍ. In the spring- AsÍÍ lidÃ wheht·?: Is there any tea (in the pot)? time, everything is moving around again. Weköa‡hta, asÍÍ d· denahköe el‡ lÃ. Check if the man is good enough. anayele: do again to (him/her/it), cause (him/her/it) to do it again atà, hanÃ-le dÀ età: dad, father WhekÎ· ananele. Make it hot again./Reheat it. atÍ: sneeze aodÀe whÃle, hanÃ-le dÀ awedÀe whÃle: be confused, AtÍ asÍlà. I sneezed. not know what to do atö‡: be, become, get to be, go, do asÃa, hanÃ-le dÀ töasÃa: small thing, small stuff GodoÕ ¯· atö‡. There is a lot of blood. Zhah atö‡. It is snowing. asÃi, hanÃ-le dÀ töasÃi: thing/things, something, In wintertime, anything Xoköe n‡dÀ köàba degoo atöÍ. ptarmigans become white. asÃi ¯·: lots of things atö‡ làanÃ: be likely, seem to be, appear to be asÃi chöà˙·· d·Î: game warden Neye atö‡ làanÃ, ek·Î weköa‡ta. Check there to see asÃi dehsee köÀ: garden if he is a likely brother-in-law for you. asÃi dehshee köÀ: garden ats‡, hanÃ-le dÀ köach‡: again manager, boss asÃi gha köàowo: awedÀe whÃle, hanÃ-le dÀ aodÀe whÃle: be confused, asÃi haz·Î: everything not know what to do TatsÎ n‡ töaa, asÃi haz·Î köÀ‡z· ne. As for you, DÀhyeh xÀ awedÀe whÃle. He panicked and didn’t Raven, you know everything. know what to do. We don’t know what to do. asÃi hazh·Î: everything AtsöidÀe whÃle. TatsÎ n‡ töaa, asÃi hazh·Î köÀ‡zh· ne. As for you, awÀehs‡: I refer to (him/her), I mean to talk about Raven, you know everything. (him/her) I’m referring to your daughter./I asÃi köÀÀz·-le laÕtö‡: ignorant one, like an ignorant NetÃ awÀehs‡. one mean your daughter. asÃi köÀÀzh·-le laÕtö‡: ignorant one, like an ignorant ax·diÃ: on purpose, intentionally one Ax·diÃ nàyen‡‡htöi nÃ?: Did he punch him on purpose? ayeh˙‡: doing it to (him/her/it), do it to (him/her/it) repeatedly T¯‡ch· kãÈÈ AyÃi aneh˙‡?: What are you doing? D‡ sadzeÀ taËtöe nàÀdi ededaà ah˙‡. She puts medicine in her eye every four hours. Nagot¯oÕ n‡dÀ, kwegwÃi t‡li köe ageh˙‡. When it’s baà˙eh, hanÃ-le dÀ lÃbalà˙eh: parka slippery, they put gravel on the road. b babà: dad ayele: do it to (him/her/it), cause, affect, make, do babàcho: grandfather Dez· ayele ha n‡w·. He wanted to make it black. N‡ anele. You do it. babàtso: grandfather Nahwh‡ ayÍlà. He has snow-blindness. bààlea, hanÃ-le dÀ gÎÎmbàa-lea: vest Dehko asÍlà. I have a cold. be ayÍlà: be sleepy ayÀhdi: refer to, mean to talk about AmÃi ayÀhdi?: Who is he referring to?/Who does he bea: pocketknife mean? Bea TÃ: Bea Lake AyÃi awÀ‡di?: What are you referring to?/What do you mean? bebÃ: baby, little child, youngest child ayÃi: what? bebÃa: small baby, infant AyÃi töaa nee˙‡?: What is it that you saw? bebÃa daÀhteÀ: crib ayÃi gha, hanÃ-le dÀ ayÃiha: why? bebÃa gÕgwoh: baby rattle AyÃi gha sekÎ nàwh‡t¯a?: Why did you go to my house? bebÃa köÀdÃi: babysitter The babysitter is sitting ayÃi gh·: why?, what for? BebÃa köÀdÃi seda wheda. AyÃi gh· dahtö·Î degiÃhdzÀ ha g‡‡w·?: Why do for me. they want to stick plastic up? bebÃa kw·fi: diaper ayÃi töà: how?, with what?, by what means? bebÃa kw·Î: diaper ayÍhwh·: to be affected by, to treat someone well or bebÃa kwöaà: diaper (old word) badly, to keep someone/thing in a certain way Nez‡Í ayÍhwh·. He treats her well. bebÃa ¯À: baby powder EnÃni‡˙a z· ahwh·. I always keep the door bolted. bebÃa nÃhtÀ: give birth Dehko ayÍhwh·. He has a cold. BabÃa nÃhtÀ ha. She will give birth to a baby. àfiwfiË, hanÃ-le dÀ à˙ËfiwfiË: old squaw duck bebÃa wetsö·: be pregnant, have a baby àg‡fi: friend, my friend beh, hanÃ-le dÀ mbeh: knife àg‡fideÀ: great friend beh-, hanÃ-le dÀ be-, mbeh-: sleep Be asÍlà. I am sleepy. BeneÀhx‡. You are sleepy. Behchöaiwo. I can’t sleep./I have insomnia. behchà: riverbank, bluff along the river behch‡Í, hanÃ-le dÀ mbehch‡Í: sled, vehicle, truck behch‡Í et·, hanÃ-le dÀ mbehch‡Í et·: dogteam trail

behch‡Í köÀdÃi d·Î, hanÃ-le dÀ mbehch‡Í köÀndÃi d·Î: bÕ ghaew‡, hanÃ-le dÀ bÕ waew‡, bÕ waewi: be driver hungry behch‡Í n‡ht¯öÀ, hanÃ-le dÀ behch‡Í köÀdÃi en‡ht¯öÀ: BÕ ghaehwh‡. I’m hungry. driver’s licence bÕ ‡htöe, hanÃ-le dÀ mbÕ ‡htöe: raw meat behch‡Í t‡liÃ, hanÃ-le dÀ mbehch‡Í t‡liÃ: dogteam trail bÕ waewi, hanÃ-le dÀ bÕ ghaew‡: be hungry behch‡ÍkwÃ, hanÃ-le dÀ mbehch‡ÍkwÃ: front of sled BÕ wa‡wi nÃ?: Are you hungry? behcho, hanÃ-le dÀ mbehcho: big knife bÕ weel‡Í, hanÃ-le dÀ bÕ deel‡Í, bÕreel‡Í: fresh meat Behcho D·Î, hanÃ-le dÀ Mbehcho D·Î: American bÕ whetöee: cooked meat Behcho TÃ: Shoti Lake bÕ xàehtöÀ, hanÃ-le dÀ bÕ kàehtöÀ: cook (verb) Dzﬂ taàtöe bÕ xàehtöÀ. I cook meat everyday. BehchokÎ: Rae bÕg·Î, hanÃ-le dÀ mbÕg·Î: drymeat behchöatsöeewi: insomnia, be sleepless bÕoghoÕ, hanÃ-le dÀ mbÕgoghoÕ: fork behkà: spear, sword, spearhead bÕtöÀ: cooked meat behköiÃ: steep bank, cliff bÕxàehtöÀe: cook (noun), jack (in cards) behköÕ: seagull bÕxàehtöÀe d·Î: cook (noun) behtsà: riverbank, bluff along the river bÕxàehtöÀe kÎ, hanÃ-le dÀ mbÕ kàehtöÀe: kitchen behts‡Í, hanÃ-le dÀ mbehch‡Í: sled, vehicle, truck behts‡Í et·, hanÃ-le dÀ mbehch‡Í et·: dogteam trail behts‡Í köÀdÃi d·Î, hanÃ-le dÀ mbehch‡Í köÀndÃi d·Î: driver behts‡Í n‡ht¯öÀ, hanÃ-le dÀ behch‡Í köÀdÃi en‡ht¯öÀ: driver’s licence T¯‡ch· kãÈÈ behts‡Í t‡liÃ, hanÃ-le dÀ mbehch‡Í t‡liÃ: dogteam trail behts‡ÍkwÃ, hanÃ-le dÀ mbehch‡ÍkwÃ: front of sled chaÀhdl‡‡, hanÃ-le dÀ charÀhdl‡‡: eddy behtso, hanÃ-le dÀ mbehcho: big knife ch -chaso, hanÃ-le dÀ -chacho: bunch of, many together American Behtso D·Î, hanÃ-le dÀ Mbehcho D·Î: ekwÎ chaso: a bunch of caribou Behtso TÃ: Shoti Lake S·Îmba chaso köele. He is carrying a lot of money. BehtsokÎ: Rae chà: shade, shelter Chà wheda. He is sitting in the shade. behtsöatsöeewi: insomnia, be sleepless cheÀ: cheque behwhÕ, hanÃ-le dÀ mbehwhÕ: knife sheath cheko: young man, unborn child, fetus be¯exaà, hanÃ-le dÀ belexaà: scissors ¤nÈﬂ whaÀhd·Î cheko tsöÎ gogede, óWhaà beweÀhx‡, hanÃ-le dÀ beyeÀhx‡: be sleepy whenet‡-leò, gedi. Long ago the oldtimers said to BebÃa beweÀhx‡. The baby is sleepy. the young men, “Don’t sleep long.” BeseÀhx‡ dÃÀ. I’m very sleepy. Cheko wetsö·. She is pregnant. b‡Í: beans cheko ghàeht·· d·Î: teacher bÕ, hanÃ-le dÀ mbÕ: meat

cheko ghàeht·· köàowo: principal at school Eyi t¯öàx·· go‡là töà ¯À ch‡tsöeehchih. And after that we knead the flour with our hands. cheko ghàeht·· tsöàdii: teacher’s assistant ch‡hk·Î wheda: live alone, live as a single person cheko nageete kÎ: hostel Se˙eh ch‡hk·Î wheda. My uncle lives alone. cheko ·hdaà: adult, middle-aged person ch‡hkw‡: woodpecker chekoa: child, children ch‡hkwöà: wooden plate chekoa goÎtÀ: adopt a child, be given a child ch‡htÀa: apron Chekoa s·ÎtÀ ha. I am going to adopt a child. Chekoa giÎt‡. They adopted a child./They were ch‡köÀ: north given a child. ch‡köÀ n‡htsöiÃ: north wind chekoa got¯öaà köÀtaÃdz··: Godchild -cho: big, large chekoa köÀdÃ: babysit (verb) jÃecho: apple, fruit ticho: ocean chekoa kw·Î, hanÃ-le dÀ chekoa kw·fi: diaper choh: feathers, down feathers chekoa nàtsöehte: adopt a child chohtsöÕ: down-filled blanket chekoa s·Îmbaà: family allowance ch·: rain chekoa yetöà nàgozhee: toys ch· atö‡: be raining chekolÀa: baby powder (old word) ch·gwÃa: drizzle chÀe: lynx (old word) ch·h˙eÀ: raincoat chi, hanÃ-le dÀ ch‡: too, also Köàba chi degoo atöÍ. Ptarmigans too turn white. chia: duckling Chighàhchi, hanÃ-le dÀ Ehchi Deh: Arctic Red River chih: mallard T¯‡ch· kãÈÈ chihcho: green-winged mallard chihkwÎ: duck meat chiht·: large kettle with curved spout, tea-kettle -chöà: preventing something from happening ch‡fi: bird (conjunction),chö against (conjunction) I write it down so I ch‡fi dekwoo, hanÃ-le dÀ ch‡fihkwoa: yellow warbler DeköenÀeht¯öÀ, wenahdÃ-le chöà. don’t forget it. ch‡fi dÀht¯öÀe: mountain bluebird chöàyeeghe: threaten, scare ch‡fi weÀhdà: bird beak Chöàseeghe. It threatens me. ch‡fihkwoa, hanÃ-le dÀ ch‡fi dekwoo: yellow warbler -chöiÃ: old, used, ragged ch‡fitöoh: bird’s nest gohtö·chöiÃ: used clothing TöasÃichöiÃ nàedÃ ha. There will be a garage sale. ch‡fiwÕ: condom chöoh: quill, porcupine ch‡fiyÀ: bird’s egg chöoxoedi: be jealous ch‡ehchih: knead

daÀhtewÕ: mattress, bed-spread, bed linens, sheet daÀhts‡: chair T¯‡ch· kãÈÈ daÀhts‡ köe whedaa: chairperson daÀhts‡fi: stool daÀkwöih: fall (one person), stumble (one person) daatsöÎ: more than, over, after a certain time Daikwöoh. I stumbled. To tani daatsöÎd ‡dà. He stayed up after midnight. daÀt·kÎ: temporary shelter of trees, lean-to daàh¯À: becoming, getting to be daÀtsa: open out in shape, flare out Setà eneÀko daàh¯À. My dad is getting to be an daÀtsaa libÕ: chalice, goblet old man. daÀzah: be blocked, be dammed daàtsöeedaa: mirror Deh daÀzah. The river is dammed. daàtsöeÀhzaa: glasses daÀzhah: be blocked, be dammed daàtsöeÀhzhaa: glasses Deh daÀzhah. The river is dammed. daàtsöÎ: length dagohwho: dance (many people) DaàtsöÎ hoÕn· gokÀ h·töe. The length is ten feet. dago‡wà: be high dae˙Õ: be suspended on water dago‡wà-lea: be low Ti köe töasÃi dae˙Õ. There is something suspended on the water. dagowo: dance dae˙Õo: canned fruit dagowo gha köàowo: dance leader Done eyi nàwoo eye eehxàa sÃi dagowo gha daebe: float (person or animal) köàowo h·töe. The man standing there hitting the daedlÃ: be hanging from a rope drum is the leader of the dance. Whaà tsöÎ ˙ah töà daedlÃ. He was hanging down by dagowo kÎ: community hall, dance hall his snowshoes for a long time. dagowo z‡Í: dance song daegÀ: get loose (single object) T¯‡ whach·Î daegÀ. The dog got loose on its own. dagowo zh‡Í: dance song daehköÕ: puddle (verb) dah˙ah: fishhook, smaller Dech‡tÀ köe ti daehköÕ. There is water puddled on dah˙ah t·: tackle box the floor. dah˙ahch‡Í: fishing rod daele: float (verb) dah˙ahts‡Í: fishing rod daet‡: start freezing dah˙àh: ice fog daÀcha: open out in shape, flare out dahbo: swing (noun) daÀchaa libÕ: chalice, goblet dahdÀgoo˙Õ, hanÃ-le dÀ dÀ dagoo˙Õ: be boggy, be daÀda, hanÃ-le dÀ ededaÀda: weigh oneself swampy, floating land daÀhch‡: chair dahdÍfi: sandpiper daÀhch‡ köe whedaa: chairperson dahdzin‡‡wo: be startled daÀhch‡fi: stool Dahdzn‡‡wo. He was startled. daÀhte: bed dahga: ring-necked duck dahghaà: black hairy lichen on trees dahghoÕ: gooseberry dakàt¯a: climb to the top (one person) Dakàht¯a ha. I’m going to climb to the top. dahghoÕch‡Í: gooseberry bush dakwe: first dahghoÕts‡Í: gooseberry bush dakwe x·atöÍ‡: his first marriage dahkàà: raspberry dakwee kÕ: before, formerly, in the past dahkÎ: attic, upstairs of a house dakwe¯ÎÎ: first, in the beginning dahkwÃetöa: nod the head up and down sezha dakwe¯ÎÎ: my first child dahkwöiekwi: point (verb) dakwetöà: first dahkwöiÃ: black hairy lichen on trees Dakwetöà wheda. She is first (in line). dahli: floats for fish nets dan‡‡chà: be high kÎ dan‡‡chàa: high-rise building dahmÕ: roof Xoköe n‡dÀ tàhtsiÃ dan‡‡chà atö‡. In wintertime, the dahmÕkwÃtöaa: shingles, roofing materials snowdrifts are high. dahmÕtöaà: shingles, roof lining, roof insulation dan‡‡chà-le: be short in height Done dan‡‡chà-lea el‡. He is a short man. dahoehnÀ: persuade, win over with words Yegh· dahoÀhn·. He persuaded her. dan‡‡dÀ: be tall D·zhÃa dan‡‡dÀ. The boy is tall. dahoyeÀhdzà: try to persuade, try to win over dan‡‡tsà: be high dahtÃ: dripping water, dew kÎ dan‡‡tsàa: high-rise building dahtÕ: ice is packed up Xoköe n‡dÀ tàhtsiÃ dan‡‡tsà atö‡. In wintertime, the dahtÕo: ice jam snowdrifts are high. dahtöoh: scaffold cache, stage cache dan‡‡tsà-le: be short in height Done dan‡‡tsà-lea el‡. He is a short man. dahtö·Î: plastic dat‡: needle daht¯ö‡Í: highbush cranberry dat‡ nÎhtöÕo, hanÃ-le dÀ dat‡etöÕo: square needle dahzàa: snow patch on branches dat‡etöÕo, hanÃ-le dÀ dat‡ nÎhtöÕo: square needle dahzÕÕ: hooked stick for fish net dat‡ht¯öà: eye of a needle dahzhàa: snow patch on branches dat‡liÃ: round-pointed needle da‡˙ah: suffer HÕt¯öÕ da‡˙ah ha. He will suffer a lot. dat‡l·: point of a needle YetsöÎ da‡˙ah. He yearns for it./He is envious of dat‡wÕ: sewing bag, needle case her. datöÀh: brant-goose daÃt¯a: start to dance (one or two people) DaÃt¯a. He entered the dance. dat¯e: soap daka: top of a hill dat¯e nàedoo: laundry soap, detergent dakàge˙a: climb to the top (two people) dat¯ehkwöà: wash basin Dakàwìt’a ha. We two are going to climb to the top. dat¯eyÍfi: handsoap, bar of soap dakàgedÀ: climb to the top (many people) dat¯o: dance (one person) DakàtsöedÀ ha. We are going to climb to the top. To ghàà dat¯o. He danced all night.

10 dat¯ö‡: set net or snare, tie up dayaka: holding up (plateful), offering up (plateful) XatöÎ n‡dÀ gah ha xÕo ¯· datsöet¯ö‡. In the fall, we Dii kwöà segha da‡ka. Hold up this plate for me. set lots of snares for rabbit. dayale: holding up (plural or ropelike objects) T¯ö·hbàa tsö· niwà-le t¯‡ daget¯ö‡. Not far from the Xàà daele. He is holding the cards. tent, they tied up the dog. dayat‡: holding up (rigid object) datsö·Î: always, all the time AmÃi seÀ negha kwiköÃi daet‡ n·Î?: Who was datsö·tsöÎ, hanÃ-le dÀ aatsö·tsöÎ: always, holding the gun for you? continuously daye˙a: place up (cloth object), hang up (cloth dawhe˙·: be located up (chunky object), stand up object) (chunky object) Ne˙eÀ dawh‡˙a n·Î. Hang up your coat. SadzeÀ dawhe˙· anele. Put the clock up. daye˙o: untie dawheda: be located up (animate object), sit up Elà dane˙o. Untie the boat. (animate object) dayeechi: touch, grab, take, catch Ch‡fi köÕÕ köe dawheda. The bird is sitting up on Da‡chi-le. Don’t touch it. the willow. Eyi t¯öàx·· xoh dageechi gà, niwà gotsöÎ dawhehchÃh: be located up (cloth object), hang up kàgeehdlà. After that, they take the roots and they (cloth object) pull them out for a long ways. dawheht·: be located up (containerful) dayeehke: ask Ti ladà köe dawheht·· sÃi e¯aet¯öÃ ha. The water dayeekà: place up (plateful) that is up on the table is going to spill. dayeetsi: touch, grab, take, catch dawhehtsÃh: be located up (cloth object), hang up Da‡tsi-le. Don’t touch it. (cloth object) Eyi t¯öàx·· xoh dageetsi gà, niwà gotsöÎ dawhela: be located up (plural or ropelike objects), kàgeehdlà. After that, they take the roots and they hang up (plural or ropelike objects) pull them out for a long ways. MÍ tai wha köe dawhela. Three nets are hanging on dayeezà: tie up, to a pole the pole. Elà daehsà ha. I’m going to tie up the boat. dawhet·: be located up (rigid object) dayeezhà: tie up, to a pole daya˙a: holding up (chunky object) Elà daehshà ha. I’m going to tie up the boat. En‡ht¯öÀ da‡˙a. Hold up the book. dayeÀchi: place up (chunky object), put up (chunky dayahchih: holding up (cloth object), waving object) KöoÕhchia gotsöÎ dayahchih. He is waving a Sach· dÀ behch‡Í dayeÀchi ha. He is going to put handkerchief to us. up the sled tomorrow. ˘eh da‡hchih, dech‡tÀ xÀedÃ chöà. Hold up the dayeÀtsi: place up (chunky object), put up (chunky dress so it isn’t touching the floor. object) dayahte: holding up (animate object) Sats· dÀ behts‡Í dayeÀtsi ha. He is going to put BebÃa daehte. She is holding a baby. up the sled tomorrow. dayahtsih: holding up (cloth object), waving dayege: untie (single object) KöoÕhtsia gotsöÎ dayahtsih. He is waving a T¯‡ danege. Untie the dog. handkerchief to us. T¯‡ dawehge?: Should I untie the dog? ˘eh da‡htsih, dets‡tÀ xÀedÃ tsöà. Hold up the dress dayehxÀ: place up (heavy object) so it isn’t touching the floor. KwöàtöÀe satsÎ ka dayÀhxÀ. She placed the frying dayahxe: holding up (heavy object) pan on top of the stove. ˜À daehxÀ. He is putting up the flour. 11 dayewa: hang up (many objects), place up (many dàgotö‡: what is happening? objects) BehchokÎ dàgotö‡?: What is happening in Rae? En‡ht¯öÀ dawh‡wa. Put the books up (on the shelf). dàgÎhtöe: how are things?, how is the weather/the dayÀh¯e: hang up (plural objects), place up (plural situation? objects) MÎhtöa dàgÎhtöe?: What is it like outside? Gohtö· ¯· dawheh¯a. She has a lot of clothes DiidzflÈ köe naxigha dàgÎhtöe?: How are all of you hanging up. today? day‡‡h˙ah: abuse, make (him/her) suffer dàhÕtö‡, hanÃ-le dÀ dàÕtö‡: what kind?, what colour?, what brand? dàade: how does it turn out?, what happens?, what What kind of berries did you does he/she do? JÃe dàhÕtö‡ neem·?: pick? Dàade ha sÃi weköÀehzh·-le. I don’t know what he is going to do. dàhs·Î: coincidentally, fortunately, by chance Dàhs·Î t‡li köe naet¯e n·Î. He was by chance dàanÃ: how? walking back on the road. DàanÃ tsöeneewo?: How did you wake up? dàhtöe: when? dàanÃ gh·: why?, for what reason? DàanÃ gh· setÃ whaà whet‡?: Why is my daughter dà‡hcho, hanÃ-le dÀ dàn‡hcho: how big?, what size? sleeping so long? dà‡hdo, hanÃ-le dÀ dàn‡hdo: how long physically? dàayele: do what?, what does he/she do to him/her/ dà‡ht·, hanÃ-le dÀ dàn‡ht·: how thick? it? Tsö·Îko nàke dii t¯ö·hbàa dàag‡Ílà?: What did the dà‡htso, hanÃ-le dÀ dàn‡hcho: how big?, what size? two old women do to this tent? dà‡hwhaà, hanÃ-le dÀ dàn‡hwhaà: how far? dàà, hanÃ-le dÀ wedàà: against dà‡hz·, hanÃ-le dÀ dàn‡hzh·: what size?, how big? N‡htsöi dàà nageatöÕ. They paddle against the wind. dà‡hzh·, hanÃ-le dÀ dàn‡hzh·: what size?, how big? dàdan‡‡hwha: how high? dàÃyeh, hanÃ-le dÀ dàwÃyeh: what is it called?, what is his/her/its name? dàdi: what does he/she say? Dii ¯iwe, dàÃyeh tsöedi?: What is this fish called? Dàdi w‡Íkwöo nÃ?: Do you understand what he DànÃyeh?: What is your name? says? Dàn‡di?: What did you say? dàjà: what happened to him/her/it? NetsÀe dàjà h·töe?: What happened to your dàdzà: what happened to him/her/it? grandfather? NetsÀe dàdzà h·töe?: What happened to your grandfather? dànitöà: how come?, why? Dànitöà gozhiÃ gomfi?: How come it stinks inside? dàgode: what happens? Dàgode ha?: What will happen? dànÃ‡w·: what does he/she think?, what does he/she Dàgotö‡?: What is happening? want? dàgodi: what is the sound?, what is said? dàÕdÃ, hanÃ-le dÀ dàwhÃdÃ: nothing dàgoÀ˙·, hanÃ-le dÀ dàgoÕ˙·: be full dàÕtö‡, hanÃ-le dÀ dàhÕtö‡: what kind?, what colour?, T¯eh lÃbaà weyÃi t¯eh dàgoÀ˙· anele. Fill the barrel what brand? with oil. dàtö‡: what is he/she doing? dàgoÀt¯·: how often? Dàtö‡ sÃi weköÀehzh·-le. I don’t know what he is doing. dàgo‡hwhaà: how high? AyÃi dàahtö‡?: What are you people doing? Dàtö‡ atö‡?: What is he doing? 12 dàt¯·: how much?, how many? dech‡ n·Îwhe˙aa: bridge done dàt¯·?: how many people? dech‡ tsö·neÀ: below the treeline dàt¯· s·Îmba?: how much money? N‡nde dàgenet¯·?: How many older brothers do dech‡ weköenà‡˙aa: cribbage, cribbage peg you have? dech‡àladaa, hanÃ-le dÀ dech‡ ghàlaedaa d·Î: dàt¯· gh· nÃ‡˙·, hanÃ-le dÀ dàt¯· nÃ‡˙·: what time is carpenter it? dech‡cha: shade of a tree dàt¯· nÃ‡˙·, hanÃ-le dÀ dàt¯· gh· nÃ‡˙·: what time is dech‡dzÀh: spruce gum it? dech‡ehka: ladder, runners on a sled, bridge, dock, dàwÃyeh: what is his/her name? boardwalk DànÃyeh?: What is your name? dech‡ehka behch‡Í: sled, Inuit-type dàwhaà: how long ago?, how long in time? Dàwhaà t¯‡ yedzÃ‡˙à gedi?: How long ago did the dech‡ehka naàwhe˙aa: bridge dog bite him, did they say? dech‡etöaa: cross Dàwhaà tsöÎ agetö‡?: How long are they going for? dech‡etöàa: saw dàwhÃdÃ, hanÃ-le dÀ dàÕdÃ: nothing dech‡etöàa et¯ee: chainsaw dàyÀhdi: what does he/she tell him/her?, what does woodpecker he/she ask him/her? dech‡hkw‡: dech‡ÍghÕa, hanÃ-le dÀ köeÀzia: plane (tool) dËfi, hanÃ-le dÀ nËfi: west dech‡kàà: lumber, plank, board, plywood dËfi n‡htsöiÃ, hanÃ-le dÀ nËfi n‡htsöiÃ: west wind Dech‡kàà dÃt¯öÀ ha. We’re going to paint the de˙À: start out by boat boards. de˙Í‡: behind (postposition), hidden dech‡kàà elà: barge, scow Gigha de˙Í‡ whe˙·. It is hidden from them. dech‡ke: boots, footwear de˙ÎÎ: more than, past, too much, over the limit dech‡ke dezhÃi: oxfords De˙ÎÎ ajà n‡dÀ sew‡˙Í n· sÀhndi. He told me to see him if it got to be too much. dech‡ket¯Ãa: rubbers, overshoes De˙ÎÎ whetöe. It is overcooked. dech‡kÎ: log house, cabin dech‡: tree, bush, log, twig, stick, pole, mile, yard dech‡laa, hanÃ-le dÀ dech‡lari: treeline (measure) dech‡laa gotö‡Í: treeline people dech‡ ehdoo: twisted-grain wood dech‡n‡: bush area dech‡ ehdzoÕ: deadfall trap, wooden trap Dech‡n‡ gah ¯· dÃÀ. There are lots of rabbits in the dech‡ etöàa köÀ: sawmill bush. dech‡ gotsÀ: dowel, wooden nail dech‡shÃa: harmonica dech‡ ghàlaedaa d·Î, hanÃ-le dÀ dech‡àladaa: dech‡ta: bush area carpenter dech‡ta gojie, hanÃ-le dÀ enareh gojie: buffalo dech‡ köitÃ: sap dech‡ta gonàÀdiÃ: bush medicine, herbal medicine dech‡ lajÀ: wooden box dech‡tÀ: floor dech‡ lÃbaà, hanÃ-le dÀ dech‡ lÃbarÃ: keg dech‡ nà‡˙aa: pole standing up 13 dech‡tÀ köe tÀwhehchÃi, hanÃ-le dÀ dech‡tÀwÕ: floor dee, hanÃ-le dÀ dere: crane covering, rug, linoleum deel‡Í: fresh, raw dech‡tÀ köe tÀwhehchÃi dat¯eÀ: rug shampoo bÕ deel‡Í: fresh meat dech‡tÀwÕ: rug -deÀ, hanÃ-le dÀ -ndeÀ: great, big, important, good dzflfldeÀ: holiday dech‡t·: coffin, trunk yahtideÀ: bishop dech‡xàa: termite deÀcha: be located behind, shaded, sheltered from dech‡xàà: plane knife, stick game, carving knife for the wind making snowshoes SekÎ deÀcha whe˙·. My house is sheltered. dech‡xàà: wooden club, stick game Done deÀcha wheda. The man is sitting sheltered from the wind. dech‡xàà töà s·nàgedÀe: stick game, as in cards deÀhdÃ, hanÃ-le dÀ deÀhndi: be hungry dedi: sound, make a sound Nez‡Í dedi-le. It does not sound good. deÀtsa: be located behind, shaded, sheltered from TV dedi-le anele. Turn the sound off on the TV. the wind SekÎ deÀtsa whe˙·. My house is sheltered. dedÃezÃi: bull moose Done deÀtsa wheda. The man is sitting sheltered dedÃezhÃi: bull moose from the wind. dedÃi, hanÃ-le dÀ dendÃi: moose degai: holy dedÃi edaa köÀ: place where moose live Degai Maà, hanÃ-le dÀ Degai MarÃ: Blessed Virgin Mary dedÃidetsöÀ: cow moose Degai Maà DzflÈ: Assumption dedÃidÀ: moose antlers Degai Maà DzflÈ Zaà: August dedÃidzÃe: mooseberry Degai MarÃ, hanÃ-le dÀ Degai Maà: Blessed Virgin mooseberry dedÃijÃe: Mary dedÃikwÎ: moose meat degai tÃ: Holy Water dedÃitsöÃdaa: young cow moose dege: matches dedÃiwÕ: moose hide degech‡Í: matchstick dedÃiwÕ elà: moose hide canoe degets‡Í: matchstick dedÃiz·Î: old bull moose, largest bull moose DegÀe gotö‡Í: Gwich’in people dedÃizh·Î: old bull moose, largest bull moose DegÀe KÎ, hanÃ-le dÀ TsihkÎ: Fort McPherson dedl‡‡n‡: place which has never had a forest fire, degoo: be white, be clean good for trapping deghabeh, hanÃ-le dÀ deghambeh: razor dedzi: mosquito, flies in general Setsö· deghabeh laedÃ?: Where is my razor? dedzi hàgÕ‡hdoo köÀ: mosquito bite deghabehköà: razor blade dedzi nàÀdi: mosquito spray deghagwo: shave dedziwÕ: mosquito net deghàà: enough, completely, thoroughly dedz‡: be scared, be afraid, be frightened Deghàà whetöe-le. It’s not cooked enough. Geedz‡ töà gezeh. They screamed because they deghàà nÀn‡h˙·: be right time were scared. deghàtsöeedaa, hanÃ-le dÀ daàtsöeedaa: mirror dedz‡-le: be brave, be not afraid 14 degho: bark (verb) dehköÀ: river channel degh·: snore (verb) dehköÀ n‡whel‡: mouth of the river degh·: hide with hair left on, caribou hair, fur dehkwöii: dry spruce branch used as kindling degh·˙eh: caribou hide parka with hair left on, fur Dehnaatö‡Í, hanÃ-le dÀ Denaatö‡Í: Slavey people coat dehse: (plants) grow degh·dzih: mitts of caribou hide with hair left on dehso: be furry, be shaggy degh·jih: mitts of caribou hide with hair left on N·gÀe wetsÀ dehso. A fox’s tail is bushy. degh·tÀ: hide rug, fur rug dehsÎ·, hanÃ-le dÀ d·hshÎ·: dish towel, napkin deh: river dehshe: (plants) grow deh chaÀhdl‡‡: eddy dehsho: be furry, be shaggy N·gÀe wechÀ dehsho. A fox’s tail is bushy. Deh DaÀhzaa: Snare River Dam, Hydro Lake dehshÎ·, hanÃ-le dÀ d·hshÎ·: dish towel, napkin deh daÀhzaa: blocked river, dam dehte: river crossing, over ice deh daÀhzhaa: blocked river, dam Dehte naàgoÕ˙à. There is a river crossing. Deh DaÀhzhaa: Snare River Dam, Hydro Lake dehteÀl‡‡: rapids Deh KöÀ: Frank Channel dehtÃ: lake that a river runs through deh ¯atsöi‡˙àa: river fork deht¯öa: river bottom deh nàel‡‡: waterfalls deht¯öà: bay or end of a river deh tsaÀhdl‡‡: eddy Dehtso: Mackenzie River dehbaa, hanÃ-le dÀ dehmbaa: be grey dehtsoa: creek, stream Dehbaacha: Fort Smith Dehtsogà: Mackenzie River area Dehbaatsa: Fort Smith dehwhe: pant (verb) dehbàa: river bank T¯‡ dehwhe. The dog is panting. dehbàa t·: ice on a river bank deji: mosquito, flies in general Dehcho: Mackenzie River deji hàgÕ‡hdoo köÀ: mosquito bite Dehchogà: Mackenzie River area deji nàÀdi: mosquito spray dehdeÀ, hanÃ-le dÀ dehndeÀ: major river dejiwÕ: mosquito net dehdoo, hanÃ-le dÀ dehdori: sucker dej‡: be scared, be afraid, be frightened dehga, hanÃ-le dÀ dahga: ring-necked duck Geej‡ töà gezeh. They screamed because they were scared. dehko: cough (noun), cold (noun), phlegm Dehko ayÍlà. He has a cold. dej‡-le: be brave, be not afraid godehkoÕ: our phlegm dekà‡˙àa: place where a river flows into a lake dehko en‡ht¯öÀwÕ: tissue paper, Kleenex dekeg·Î˙àh: uphill dehko nàÀdi: cough medicine dekeÃt¯a: climb (one person), go up the stairs (one dehköÀ: along the river person) DehköÀ n‡‡töi aah¯e gÕhdi. He told them to stretch it tight along the river bank. 15 deko: cough (verb) det·-lea: be thin in dimension, be not thick To ghàà dehko, itÀ-le. I coughed all night and ˜ÀtöÀhg· det·-lea tsöedÀ. We are eating crackers. didn’t sleep. detöe: drip (verb) dekÕÕ: be wide detöoo: be thick, of liquid dekÎ gha ·niÀ˙àh: be homesick Whechàa detöoo. The porridge is thick. deköeÀht¯öÀ: be written down detöoo-le: be thin, of liquid eht¯öÀ detöoo-le: thin mud deköenÀyeet¯öÀ: write down, draw, do artwork Weköe n‡zÃ deköenÃ‡t¯öÀ. Write your name down on detö·: duck it. detö· dez··: black duck deköo: be red detö· eÀhdà: duck’s bill deköo dekwo: be orange detö·cho: eagle deköÕa: weasel Detö·cho Zaà: March dekwa: whip (noun) detö·ts‡: hawk, golden eye dekwe: be solid detö·tso: eagle dekwi: go out (a fire), die out (a fire) Detö·tso Zaà: March KÎ dÀhkwoh. The fire went out. detö·yÀ: duck egg dekwo: be yellow det¯a: start out (one person), leave (one person), go float away delà: (one person), land (a plane) Ti Àt¯öii töà età we˙elà dÀhlà. Because of the flood, S·ÎmbaköÀ tsöÎ deht¯a ha. I’m going to go to Dad’s canoe floated away. Yellowknife. delÃ: ring (a phone) S‡ kÕ behch‡Í det¯a gha whÍÍ ah˙‡. Even I couldn’t Phone delÃ ha-le. The phone is not going to ring. make the vehicle start. Phone dÀlÃ. The phone rang. det¯Õo: be soft, be tender, be mushy, be raw Denaatö‡Í: Slavey people BÕ det¯Õo tsö‡‡w·. We want raw meat. denahköe: most, best, superior det¯ö‡: braid, tie AmÃi denahköe nàt¯a t·m·eda?: Who runs the NekwÃghà d‡‡t¯ö‡. Braid your hair! fastest? det¯öo: caribou hide with thick, bushy fur den‡‡l‡: current of a river det¯öo˙eh: caribou skin coat DendÃatÃ: Moose Bay det¯öotsöÕ: caribou skin blanket detÀ: fall asleep, go to sleep dets‡: tree, bush, log, twig, stick, pole, mile, yard He wants to go to sleep. DetÀ ha niw·. (measure) WedÀ nechà-lea tsö·Îko gà dÀt‡. Her little sister went to sleep beside the old woman. dets‡ ehdoo: twisted-grain wood det‡: freeze-up dets‡ ehdzoÕ: deadfall trap, wooden trap Det‡ tsöÎ j· nàtsö‡‡dÀ. We lived here until freeze-up. dets‡ etöàa köÀ: sawmill AsÍÍ dÀht· s·Îni?: I wonder if it has frozen up. dets‡ gotsÀ: dowel, wooden nail det·: be thick in dimension, be deep libà det··: thick socks dets‡ ghàlaedaa d·Î, hanÃ-le dÀ dech‡àladaa: Zhah det· dÃÀ. The snow is really deep. carpenter dets‡ köitÃ: sap 16 dets‡ ladzÀ: wooden box covering, rug, linoleum dets‡ lÃbaà, hanÃ-le dÀ dech‡ lÃbarÃ: keg dets‡tÀ köe tÀwhehtsÃi dat¯eÀ: rug shampoo dets‡ nà‡˙aa: pole standing up dets‡tÀwÕ: rug dets‡ n·Îwhe˙aa: bridge dets‡t·: coffin, trunk dets‡ tsö·neÀ: below the treeline dets‡tsa: shade of a tree dets‡ weköenà‡˙aa: cribbage, cribbage peg dets‡xàa: termite dets‡àladaa, hanÃ-le dÀ dech‡ ghàlaedaa d·Î: dets‡xàà: wooden club, stick game carpenter dets‡xàà: plane knife, stick game, carving knife for dets‡dzÀh: spruce gum making snowshoes dets‡ehka: ladder, runners on a sled, bridge, dock, dets‡xàà töà s·nàgedÀe: stick game, as in cards boardwalk detsÕ: ring (verb) dets‡ehka behts‡Í: sled, Inuit-type SatsÎ detsÕ. The bell rings. dets‡ehka naàwhe˙aa: bridge detsöeetsaa: something put aside for use later, something cached dets‡etöaa: cross detsöÀ: female animal dets‡etöàa: saw sahzh·fi detsöÀ: ewe dets‡etöàa et¯ee: chainsaw detsöÀa: young cow caribou dets‡hkw‡: woodpecker detsöi: start blowing (the wind) dets‡ÍghÕa, hanÃ-le dÀ köeÀzia: plane (tool) Detsöi ha. It is going to start blowing. dets‡kàà: lumber, plank, board, plywood DÀtsöi. It has started blowing. Dets‡kàà dÃt¯öÀ ha. We’re going to paint the boards. dewa: salt dets‡kàà elà: barge, scow Dewa ¯edÃ. It tastes of salt. dets‡ke: boots, footwear dexaet¯a: go through a passageway (one person) ¤˙ÎÎ dexaÀht¯a. He went through a passageway dets‡ke dezÃi: oxfords into the next room. dets‡ket¯Ãa: rubbers, overshoes dexagoÀ˙àa: corridor, passageway dets‡kÎ: log house, cabin dexeyiÃhdzÀh: glue (it) together dets‡laa, hanÃ-le dÀ dech‡lari: treeline dexiÃhdzÀh: glue (verb), tape (verb) dets‡laa gotö‡Í: treeline people Dahtö·Î dexiÃhdzÀh. He tapes plastic on it. dets‡n‡: bush area deyÃiyehdÀ: throw into a container Dets‡n‡ gah ¯· dÃÀ. There are lots of rabbits in the AsÃichöiÃ deyÃitsöehdÀ ha. We are going to throw bush. the garbage into the container. dets‡sÃa: harmonica deyÃiyeht¯öÃ: pour into a container LidÃ deyÃineht¯öÃ. Pour the tea. dets‡ta: bush area deyÃiyewa: load (many things) dets‡ta godzie, hanÃ-le dÀ enareh gojie: buffalo KwiÃcho deyÃiyewa. He is loading the cartridges. dets‡ta gonàÀdiÃ: bush medicine, herbal medicine dezà: get dry, dry (verb) dets‡tÀ: floor Gohtö· dezà ha. The clothes are going to get dry. edzietöÕ dezàa: powdered milk dets‡tÀ köe tÀwhehtsÃi, hanÃ-le dÀ dech‡tÀwÕ: floor 17 deze: grow by oneself, grow up dÀ got¯öaa kÎ: basement Tsekoa geeze. The children are growing. dÀ goyÃi gÕht··: permafrost dezÀ: leave for hunting dÀ goyÃi gÎ·˙àa: cave, underground tunnel Sach· setà dezÀ ha. My father is going hunting tomorrow. dÀ goyÃi kà‡l‡‡, hanÃ-le dÀ dÀ goyÃi xà‡l‡‡: spring of water dezÀ: spit (verb) Dech‡tÀ köe n‡zÀ-le. Don’t spit on the floor. dÀ köeÀkwö··: glacier dezi: slip (verb), slide (verb) dÀ nahzoo: dew, frost dezÃ: be hard, be difficult, be tough, for meat dÀ teÀt¯öii: flood tsöah dezÃi: hard hat/helmet dÀ teÀwÃi, hanÃ-le dÀ ndÀ teÀwÃi: flood (old word) Dahga wekwÎ dezÃ dÃÀ. Ring-necked duck has tough flesh. dÀ tsö· dehsee: vegetables dezÃ-le: be soft, be easy dÀ tsö· dehsee köÀ: vegetable garden, farmland, field Dii daÀhtewÕ dezÃ-le. This mattress is soft. dÀ tsö· dehshee: vegetables dez·: be black, be dark dÀ tsö· dehshee köÀ: vegetable garden, farmland, dÀht¯öÀe dez··: navy blue/purple field dezhà: get dry, dry (verb) dÀ yÃi goÀgÀe: ditch (noun) Gohtö· dezhà ha. The clothes are going to get dry. dÀech‡Í: wooden cache insulated with earth ejietöÕ dezhàa: powdered milk dÀegh· köàowo natÃ: spirit-level dezhe: grow by oneself, grow up Chekoa geezhe. The children are growing. dÀegh· nàÀdi: root medicine, earth medicine dezhÃ: be hard, be difficult, be tough, for meat dÀeköe goÀzoo: dew, frost tsöah dezhÃi: hard hat/helmet dÀekwö·: make a sound, make a noise Dahga wekwÎ dezhÃ dÃÀ. Ring-necked duck has TöasÃi dÀekwö·. Something is making a sound. tough flesh. Sats· behch‡Í dÀekwö·. The truck is making a dezhÃ-le: be soft, be easy noise. Dii daÀhtewÕ dezhÃ-le. This mattress is soft. dÀet·Î: wooden cache insulated with earth or moss -dfl: without dÀets‡Í: wooden cache insulated with earth Sedfl dÀht¯a. She left without me. dÀetsöÎ köàowo, hanÃ-le dÀ dÀegh· köàowo: land, ground, dirt, earth dÀ, hanÃ-le dÀ ndÀ: government, government official dÀ, hanÃ-le dÀ n‡dÀ: if, when dÀetsöÎ köàowo cheekeÀ: civil servant, government When there Köoh gÎh¯‡ dÀ, zhah ¯· ade ha, tahkÕ. employee are clouds, maybe lots of snow will come. dÀetsöÎ köàowo kÎ: rental house belonging to the flood, spring of water dÀ datiÃwÃi: government dÀ goehsee köÀ: garden dÀetsöÎ köàowo s·Îmbaà: government grant, dÀ goehshee köÀ: garden government funding dÀ gon‡ht¯öÀÀ: map dÀetsöÎ köàowo tseekeÀ: civil servant, government employee dÀ goteÀmÎ·: flood (old word) dÀ got¯eÀ: kerosene dÀ got¯öaa: basement 18 dÀetsöÎ köàowo tsöàtsöeehdÃi: taxes dih: spruce grouse, prairie chicken dÀexÀ dagoÍz‡Í, hanÃ-le dÀ dÀexÀ dagoÍhzh‡Í: mirage dihdflÈ: over here, this way DihdflÈ anede. Go this way. dÀexÀ dagoÍzh‡Í, hanÃ-le dÀ dÀexÀ dagoÍhzh‡Í: mirage dii: this, these Dii kÎ dech‡ ta gÕla. These houses are among the dÀÀlaa: deadfall trees trees. dÀÀt··: deadfall tree dii dzflÈ: today dÀÀtö‡: be stolen dii dzflÈ köe nÃhÕ‡wo,: hanÃ-le dÀ dii dzflÈ köe dÀÀyeh: be calm, calm water nÀhonÍ‡wo: nowadays dÀgoköeeköÎ: forest fire Dii dzflÈ köe nÃhÕ‡wo sÃi, tsöÀko ¯· edekwÃghà nedÀ-le agÍlà. Nowadays, a lot of women keep dÀgotÃ: spring of water, muskeg water their hair short. dÀgotÃa: pool, slough dii hanÃ: like this dÀgot¯öÕo: perfume Dii hanÃ anele. Do it like this. dÀgotsoÕ: swampy ground, wet land dii làanÃ dzflÈ: this time of the year, this kind of day dÀht·: land frozen up dii nÀköe: world, earth dii nÀköe: in this world dÀht¯öÀ: be blue dii toÕ: tonight, last night dÀht¯öÀe dez··: navy blue, purple Dii toÕ ¯iwe ¯· dÃÀ. Tonight there are lots of fish. dÀhyeh: be afraid, panic dii yeÀ: over here TsöeÀhyeh xÀ atsöidÀe whÃle. We panicked and didn’t know what to do. diiy‡Í, hanÃ-le dÀ dii ‡y‡Í: this, this one dÀköÎ: be burning diÃ: now, nowadays Gox‡ diÃ whaÀhd·Î làanÃ nàtsöedÀ-le. We don’t live Fort Franklin, Deline DÀl‡‡: nowadays like the oldtimers did. dÀn‡: be sharp -diÃ: food, bait Dii beh dÀn‡. This knife is sharp. t¯ichodiÃ: rolled oats DÀtaÍht·: Tayonton Lake diÃ whaà-le: a little while ago, just, recently dÀtÃ: be expensive diÃdi: ripen, turn colour dÀtÃ-le: be cheap XatöÎ agodaade dÀ ‡t¯öÎ diÃdi. When it is getting to be fall-time, the cranberries ripen. di, hanÃ-le dÀ ndi: say, said, tell Setà, óAyÃi nflflw·?ò di. My father said, “What do diÃhköÎfi: recently, a little while ago, just you want?”. diÃtöiÃ: right now ó¤dÃ whaà-le kÕ zhakaköekÕa eeh˙‡,ò di. “I saw a skidoo a while ago,” he said. dik·: somewhere unknown, lost Dik· tsöÎ el‡. He is nowhere to be found. di, hanÃ-le dÀ ndi: island dik·eke: get lost di nà‡chöoo: island with a high hill, pointed island WekwiköÃÃ dik·eke ha. His gun is going to get lost. di nà‡tsöoo: island with a high hill, pointed island dik·et¯a: get lost (one person), go astray (one person) di n‡ hoÀlaa: string of islands Dech‡ni dik·et¯a ha. He is going to be lost in the bush. dia: small island diedah: porcupine 19 dik·Àhkwöo: be lost, be missing d· daÀzaa kÎ: prison, jail, institution Be¯exaà dik·Àhkwöo. The scissors are lost. d· daÀzhaa kÎ: prison, jail, institution dik·yeehköa: lose (an object) d· danÃ‡laa d·Î: prisoners Dik·yiihköa sÎ. Be sure he does not lose it. Beh dik·Àhköa. He lost the knife. d· danÃ‡laa kÎ: prison, jail, institution DikwÃtsöÃ: Comb Island d· dez··: native person, black people DikwÃtsöÃ T¯öà: Comb Island Bay d· edeew·: be proud, think he/she is somebody diwe, hanÃ-le dÀ dowe: tamarack d· edeew·-le: be humble, be not proud diyiÃhdi: dye (verb) d· ehghÎzee: people given in marriage, marriage d‡: four d· ehghÎzhee: people given in marriage, marriage D‡dzflÈ: Thursday d· en‡ht¯öÀ: syllabic writing d‡Àn·: forty d· eyael‡‡, hanÃ-le dÀ d·yael‡: sick person, patient d‡‡ka: narrows, river channel d· go‡z··: smart person, intellectual d‡‡tsöia, hanÃ-le dÀ d‡‡tsöea: pepper d· go‡zh··: smart person, intellectual d‡Í: four times d· gha en‡ht¯öÀ ehts‡‡ d·Î, hanÃ-le dÀ en‡htlöÀ ehts‡‡ d·Î: social worker dÃÀ, hanÃ-le dÀ dÃÃ: very, really, too much, too many DÀtÃ dÃÀ. It is too expensive. d· gha nàedÃi cheÀ: welfare cheque dÃga: wolf d· gha nàedÃi d·Î: social worker dÃgatsoa: coyote d· gha nàedÃi tseÀ: welfare cheque dÃgatsöÀ: female wolf d· gha yahtii d·Î: Christian, religious person dÃÃ, hanÃ-le dÀ dÃÀ: very, really, too much, too many d· haz·Î: everybody, all people Segha dÃÃ. It is too much for me. d· hazh·Î: everybody, all people T¯öih nedÀ dÃÃ. The string is too long. d· hotii aniw··: careful person doehtso: tree with hard wood d· h·töiÃ: everybody doh: driftwood d· ‡kö·Î el‡‡: medicine man doh dae˙Õo: driftwood d· ‡kö·Î köÀez··: medicine man done, hanÃ-le dÀ d·: person, human, man, people, Dene people d· ‡kö·Î köÀezh··: medicine man donezÃi, hanÃ-le dÀ d·zhÃi: man, male d· kÎ goez·· dÀhkwöee: prisoners donezhÃi, hanÃ-le dÀ d·zhÃi: man, male d· köedaedii d·Î: lawyer dowe, hanÃ-le dÀ diwe, doo: tamarack d· köekwÃghàetöàa d·Î: barber d·, hanÃ-le dÀ done: person, human, man, people, d· köÀhodÃi kÎ: hospital Dene people, someone d· köÀÃzee: confirmation D· nàke MÕla köÈÈ gogede. Two people are confirmation speaking French. d· köÀÃzhee: Eyi t¯öàx·· d· köÈÈ dagowo ha. After that there will d· köÀtaÃdz‡‡: baptism be dancing the Dene way. d· köÈÈ: Dene way, Dene language, Dogrib language d· daàdeedl‡, hanÃ-le dÀ d· naàdeedl‡: blindness, be without sight 20 d· köÈÈ etsöeet¯öÀe: syllabic writing d·˙ÎÎ: more than anybody d· kwö·Îdeedl‡: person without the use of their legs d·ahxe: wealthy person, rich person, well-rounded person d· lahoetö‡-lee: someone who can’t be trusted, wrongdoer d·deÀ, hanÃ-le dÀ donedeÀ: crowd, great man d· ¯ÀtöÀ: bannock d·dzii, hanÃ-le dÀ d·jire: criminal, robber, wicked person, sinner d· nahköe: more than anyone d·el‡: be born d· nàeda-lee: paralysed person ¤dÃ dzflahta d·el‡. He was born last week. d· nàhtsÍ‡ d·Î: policeman d·eyael‡‡ köÀhodÃi kÎ: hospital d· nàhtsÍ‡ d·Î kÎ: police station D·hdaa: Brother (Roman Catholic) d· nàowoÕ: Dene culture d·hsÎ·, hanÃ-le dÀ dehshÎ·: dish towel, napkin d· nàtöàa: operation, surgery d·hsÎ· tsöÃa: rag d· nÀÀl‡: be friendly d·hsÎ· zÃwÕ: burlap sack Eyi tsöÀko d· nÀÀl‡. That woman is friendly. d·hshÎ·, hanÃ-le dÀ dehshÎ·: dish towel, napkin d· ·hdaà: older man d·hshÎ· chöÃa: rag d· sinÃyaehtii d·Î: judge (noun) d·hshÎ· zhÃwÕ: burlap sack d· s·Î¯‡‡: aboriginal people, real person d·jii, hanÃ-le dÀ d·jire: criminal, robber, wicked d· töalàa: anybody person, sinner d· wedaà goÃlee hanÃ-le dÀ do wedaà whÃlee: blind footprints person d·kÀ go˙·: d·kwÎ xàh˙àa: measles, smallpox d· wegha yatii: religious person d·kwö·Î: grave, corpse d· weköeÀtö‡‡: unreliable person, bum, beggar, loser d·kwö·Î köeeköÎ· kÎ: crematorium d· wen·kwö·Î whezÕo: person with poor posture, hunchbacked person d·kwö·Î köÀ goyÃzee: grave d· wen·kwö·Î yÍfi: hunchback d·kwö·Î köÀ goyÃzhee: grave d· wes·Îmbaà ¯··: rich person d·kwö·Î nÃtÍ‡: burial d· wewà whÃlee d·Î: quiet person d·kwö·Î whelaa köÀ: graveyard, cemetery d· wiizÃi, hanÃ-le dÀ d· w‡‡zÃi: anybody, nobody d·kwö·Î whet··: coffin, grave D· wiizÃi se˙Í-le. Nobody visits me. d·m·Îchö·Î: fence around graveyard d· w‡nÃ nez‡‡: friendly person d·m·Îtsö·Î: fence around graveyard d· whàdeedl‡: quiet person, person who has a d·taàyeedi: distribute (food) among the people speech problem d·tsoa: midget d· xÀ sÃetö‡: be friendly with people D· xÀ sÃetö‡. She is friendly with people. d·tsö‡Í: ghost d· yatiÃ: Dene language, native language, Dogrib d·tsö‡l‡‡ en‡ht¯öÀ: birth certificate language d·weÀ: corpse, body, death d· yed·-lee: person who does not drink alcohol, d·weÀ whelaa köÀ: graveyard, cemetery teetotaler 21 D·xaa, hanÃ-le dÀ D·xare: Sister (Roman Catholic), nun, nurse d·xaa kÎ: clinic, nursing station, hospital, nun’s T¯‡ch· kãÈÈ residence d·zÃa: little boy d·zÃi: male, man, husband dzehtÍ: drying rack inside a tent, cache d·zhÃa: little boy dz dzfl, hanÃ-le dÀ dzflfl: day, daylight, light, brightness d·zhÃi: male, man, husband ayÃi dzfl?: what day? Gim·· hazh·Î dzfl agÕjà. It became all bright around them. dzfl en‡ht¯öÀ: calendar dzfl ghàà: all day T¯‡ch· kãÈÈ dzfl ni: during the day dzfl nÍ‡hwhà: longer days dzfl nÍ‡whà-le: shorter days dlah: water weeddl dzflahta: week dlÍfi: mouse dzfldeÀ, hanÃ-le dÀ dzflndeÀ: holiday, big day dlÍfi ehdzoÕ: mousetrap dzflgosaà: sun dlÕniw·: smile (verb), be amused Dzflndeà Zaà: August DlÕniw·. He is smiling. dzfltani: noon, midday DlÕehwh·. I am amused. dzfltani köee, hanÃ-le dÀ dzfltani köere: afternoon dlÕo: squirrel dzfltani t¯öàx··: afternoon dlÕo golÃa gÕlÀe: warm weather in spring, time when snow crust is formed, enough for a squirrel to walk dzÀh: gum on top of the snow dzÀh köatsöee˙àa: chewing gum dlÕo köetöaa: flying squirrel dzÀhköo: pink dlÕodiÃ, hanÃ-le dÀ dlÕondiÃ: mushroom, peanut dzÀhkwö‡Í: mythical, comical spirit person butter dzÀhkwöÕ: sticky spruce gum, soft spruce gum, DlÕondia: Squirrel Island gummy dlÕotöoÕ: squirrel’s nest dzÀhwà: pink, gum dlÕotsÎÎ: peanut butter dzÀhwà làanÃ: pink DlÕotsöÀ TÃ: Squirrel Lake dzÀ¯ek··: incense dziegÀ: joker in cards dzih: mitt dzih neköÎfi, hanÃ-le dÀ jihköÎfi: short mitts to the wrist dzihbàa: mitts to the wrist 22 dzihtöaà: duffel inside mitts dziht¯öiÃ: string for mitts dzihtso: big mitts T¯‡ch· kãÈÈ Geke xÀ dzihtso töàagetö‡. They sat with their big mitts on. DziÃhtÃ: Reid Lake e˙a: ticking of a watch,e running of a watch dzÃa: raisin SadzeÀ e˙a. The clock ticks. two seconds dzÃe: berry nàke tsöÎ e˙aa: beaver dam dzÃe deköoo, hanÃ-le dÀ jÃe deköoa: redcurrant, cherry e˙ÀÀ: hole for animals, den dzÃe diÃdÃi: ripe berries e˙··: second stomach of dzÃe diÃdÃ-le: unripe berries ebaghÕo, hanÃ-le dÀ embaghÕo: caribou, often served stuffed dzÃe ebe, hanÃ-le dÀ jÃe embe: pick berries be boiling DzÃe ehbe. I am picking berries. ebe, hanÃ-le dÀ embe: BÕ ebe. The meat is boiling. dzÃeköoÕ, hanÃ-le dÀ jÃeköoo: orange fruit, orange colour ebÕ, hanÃ-le dÀ embÕ: stomach Stomach Lake dzÃeköoÕ làanÃ: orange colour EbÕtsöi TÃ, hanÃ-le dÀ BÕtsöi TÃ: tail dzÃeköoÕ tÃ: orange pop, juice echÀ: tailbone dzÃetÃ: wine, homebrew, booze echÀkwö·Î: mile, yard (measure) dzÃetÃ gha edza libÕ: chalice -ech‡, hanÃ-le dÀ dech‡: Dàt¯· ech‡?: How many miles is it? dzÃetsàa: jam ‡¯Àech‡: one mile/one yard dzÃetso: fruit, prune, apple ech‡ÍlÍ‡: spoon dzÃewà: blueberry, purple Ladà köe ech‡ÍlÍ‡ whe˙·. There is a spoon on the table. dzÃh: fishhook echÃ: awl dzÃht¯öiÃ nedÀe: long fishhook string ech·Î: rib area, flank dzÃht¯öiÃ neköÎfi: short fishing line, leader (fishing line) ech·Îkwö·Î: rib bones dz·: muskrat echöahtÃ: small lake letting into a larger lake, side lake dz·: here eda, hanÃ-le dÀ enda: live, survive, live (in a location) dz·diÃ: muskrat root (plant) Dzfl ghàà gitöà eda ha. They’ll survive on that all dz·htÀ: apron day. dz·kÈÈ, hanÃ-le dÀ dz·kÍÍ: muskrat lodge, muskrat edaatÀ: suffer an injury, have an accident push-up AsÃi töà edaatÀ. He had an accident. dz·wÕ: muskrat skin edaÀhka: becoming dawn, dawning edaÀkö·: springtime edaghoÕ: gooseberry edaghoÕ: thorn

23 edaghoÕdzÃÃ: gooseberry edeÀdzà: try Nà˙eeli ha edeÀdzà. He is trying to sew. edaghoÕjÃÃ: gooseberry edeg·: fast (verb) edahbàa: wild rose Edetsöeg·· dzflÈ agÎhtöe. These are fasting days. edahx·, hanÃ-le dÀ ahx·: maybe, supposing, just in for oneself case edegha: edegha nez‡Í atö‡: please oneself, do for oneself edaxàyeehtÀ: save Edaxàgo‡htÀ ha nflflw·. You want to save us. edegh· ÀÀzael‡, hanÃ-le dÀ edegh· ÍÍzhael‡: be ashamed of oneself Edà, hanÃ-le dÀ Endà: Cree, southern native person edegh· ÀÀzhael‡, hanÃ-le dÀ edegh· ÍÍzhael‡: be edàe¯‡‡: Satan, devil, evil spirit, Expression sometimes ashamed of oneself used as an abusive word edegh· nàniwo: think about oneself edàe¯‡‡za: Expression used as an abusive word, devil’s child edegwÕ: antler velvet edàe¯‡‡zha: Expression used as an abusive word, edehtöeÀ, hanÃ-le dÀ edohtöeÀ: blood clot devil’s child edeköedaedi: defend oneself with words, talk back edàe¯‡nÃ: Satan, devil, evil spirit edeköeel‡: feel bad about oneself, be sorry, regret EdàidzflÈ: Sunday D· lahoetö‡-lee edeköeel‡. A sinner repents. EdàidzflÈcho Zaà: January edeköenaetse: bathe oneself EdàidzflÈköee, hanÃ-le dÀ EdàidzflÈköere: Monday edeköÀdÃ: look after oneself, be independent, be self- reliant, confine oneself EdàidzflÈtöÎ: Saturday edeköÀhoÀhzà-le: faint, never learn one’s lesson EdàidzflÈtso Zaà: January edeköÀhoÀhzhà-le: faint, never learn one’s lesson edàÃzeh, hanÃ-le dÀ edàÃyeh: be clever, be smart, be skilful edeköÀnahoÀhzà: recover from fainting, regain consciousness, come to edàÃzheh, hanÃ-le dÀ edàÃyeh: be clever, be smart, be skilful edeköÀnahoÀhzhà: recover from fainting, regain consciousness, come to EdàrÃhyeh Nez‡‡, hanÃ-le dÀ YedàrÃyeh Nez‡‡: Holy Spirit edekwö·Î töà: on foot eded‡: him, her, them, himself, herself edenÀÀl‡: like oneself Eded‡ s·Îmba weghàw‡wa-le. Don’t give the edetsöeg·· dzflÈ: fasting day money to him! edexÀ siÃgole: make plans, prepare oneself edeeda: support oneself EdexÀ siÃgole ha. She is going to prepare herself. edeedÃ, hanÃ-le dÀ edexÀedÃ: feel within oneself EdexÀ siÃgogeh˙‡. They are preparing themselves. DàanÃ ed‡‡dÃ?: How are you feeling? edexoehdi: watch oneself, be careful edeets‡: make oneself into edeyatiÃ ÎehsÃ-le: keep his/her word D·zhÃi wenaatö‡‡ köÈÈ ede‡ts‡. Make yourself into a SedÀ edeyatiÃ ÎehsÃ-le. My younger sister keeps good-looking young man. her word. edeÀdl‡‡, hanÃ-le dÀ deÀdl‡‡: original, natural type of, edeyatiÃ ÎehshÃ-le: keep his/her word worthy SedÀ edeyatiÃ ÎehshÃ-le. My younger sister keeps tender meat bÕ edeÀdl‡‡: her word. d· edeÀdl‡‡: native person edezÍ‡ köe yahti: make the sign of the cross 24 edezhÍ‡ köe yahti: make the sign of the cross edlaàt¯·: I don’t know how many or how much. Edlaàt¯· ‡tsÀ. I don’t know how many times he edÀ: antler, horn, ice chisel cried. edÀkàa, hanÃ-le dÀ edÀkàre: horn club (old word) ¤kwÈfl gee˙À dÀ, hoizi tsöÎ edlaàt¯· to ageh˙‡. edÀye˙a: aim (it) When they canoe north, I don’t know how many KwiköÃi edÀ˙a. He is aiming the gun. nights they take to get to the barrenlands. edi: be hot, heat, fever edl‡: wooded area for certain kinds of wood Edi dÃÀ. It’s too hot! edza: be cold edi el‡: have a fever edza, hanÃ-le dÀ ejaa: glass, window, window pane ediikÎt¯öiÃ: electricity edza dat¯eÀ: glass cleaner ediinÀköe: hot country, tropical land edza kwöihwÕ: window screen ed‡Í, hanÃ-le dÀ adflÈ: where?, what time? edza libÕ: glass for drinking EdiÍ nànet¯a ha? Where are you going? edzaa, hanÃ-le dÀ edzare: hind leg of an animal Nàke gh· nÃ‡˙·, tai gh· nÃ‡˙·, ed‡Í seÀ negha nez‡? Two o’clock or three o’clock, what time edzadeÀ, hanÃ-le dÀ edzandeÀ: extreme cold would you like? edzaets‡Í: window frame edÃ: Expression of the expectation of more edzaköeÀzoo: frost on glass information or action edzaköÀ: window edÃ de˙ÎÎ: Expression of shock or disgust, oh my goodness!, have you ever! edzaköÀ enÃ‡töii: curtain edÃ-le, hanÃ-le dÀ endÃ-le: be greedy edzanÀköe: cold country, Arctic, north country D· egedÃ-lee làahtöe-le. I am not like people who edzat·: glass jar, bottle are greedy. edzawà: leg bone, with or without skin edohtöeÀ, hanÃ-le dÀ edehtöeÀ: blood-clot edzawàhke, hanÃ-le dÀ edzawÕhke: caribou leg skin edoo: twisting mukluks edoo atö‡: have seizures, have epilepsy edzawÕhke, hanÃ-le dÀ edzawàhke: caribou leg skin edoo tàda: epilepsy mukluks edoÕ: blood edzaziÃ: marrow edoÕ ez·: ladle blood (to make soup) edzazhiÃ: marrow KwöàyÍfi yÃi edoÕ nez·. Ladle blood into the bowl. edzechöÃÃ: tendons of the caribou heart edoÕ tiiwo: blood soup edzeÀ: heart edoÕ whehchàa: cooked blood soup edzekwö·Î: cartilage inside the caribou heart edoÕ whehtsàa: cooked blood soup edzetsöÃÃ: tendons of the caribou heart edoÕtÃ: blood edzÀa: little heart, strawberries edoÕt¯öiÃ: blood vessel, vein edzÀh: get dirty, for clothing, get grimy or sticky edotÃ: ink Wegohtö·Î whedze. Her clothes have gotten dirty. Dech‡tÀ edzÀh ha ne. The floor is going to get pen edotÃ en‡ht¯öÀch‡Í: dirty. edotÃ en‡ht¯öÀts‡Í: pen edzie, hanÃ-le dÀ ejire: 25 edzie köÀdÃi: dairy farmer eet¯öÀ: write things, paint things, colour (verb) Sem· da eeht¯öÀ. I am writing to my mother. edziedoÕ: brown eetsÕ: ring (bells) edziedoÕg·fi: chocolate bar eezii, hanÃ-le dÀ erezhii: thunder edziedoÕg·Î: chocolate eeziikÎÎ: lightning edziekwÎ: beef eeziikÎÎ naÃt¯ö‡‡: lightning, flash edzietöÕÕ: milk eezhii, hanÃ-le dÀ erezhii: thunder edzietöÕÕt¯eÀ: butter eezhiikÎÎ: lightning edzietöÕÕzàa: powdered milk eezhiikÎÎ naÃt¯ö‡‡: lightning, flash edzietsöÀ: cow eÀhdà: chin, beak, bill of a bird edziewÕ: leather, cow-hide TatsÎ weÀhdà xàgeachÃ. They took out the raven’s edziez·Î: bull beak. edziÃwiÃ: blouse eÀhköÎ: melt, springtime edzire, hanÃ-le dÀ ejie: cow, bison, buffalo T·tsöÃ Zaà köe n‡dÀ t· eÀhköÎ. In May the ice melts. Zhah eÀhköÎ. The snow is melting. edz‡: sing Ehts‡ yegha edz‡. Granny is singing for her. eÀhkwö·: hear En‡ht¯öÀkÎ enÃ‡t· asÍÍ wegh· neÀhkwö·?: Did you edzÃ: breathe hear about the post office being closed? edzÃ ha dÃÀ: be unable to breathe, choke, suffocate WetsöeÀhkwö·. We hear him. Edzo KÎgÕlaa: Edzo eÀkwöo: understand, listen TöasÃi ka eÀkwöo. He is listening for something. edz·: black spruce, short-leafed spruce WetsöiÃkwöo-le. We don’t understand him. edz·˙oo: spruce bough ¤Íkwöo nÃ?: Do you understand? eehgÕ: elbow, knee, shoulder eÀkwö·Î: jawbone eehköÀ: shoot, fire a shot egidzi: play hand game EehköÀ ayeh˙‡. He let him shoot. Egidzi töà s·nàgedÀ. They are playing a hand game. eehkwoo: medicinal water plant, good as a poultice for swollen skin ego: going along (one animal) eehxà: boil, get a static sound eg·: be drying, dry, be skinny Ti eehxà ha. The water is going to boil. Gohtö· t¯öi köe eg·. The clothes are drying on the Radio eehxo. The radio has static. line. Sewà wheg·. My mouth is dry. eeköÀ: there is shooting (passive) EdàidzflÈcho gha eeköÀ. There is shooting for the egÎ·töà: shoulder-blade New Year. egÎÎ: front leg of an animal, foreleg eeköÀ: be cracked, be chapped eghach‡Í: stubble on caribou hide S‡là eeköÀ. My hands are chapped. eghaehköÀ, hanÃ-le dÀ eghahoehköÀ: miss in ring (phone, buzzer) eelÃ: shooting Wetöà gotsöedee eelÃ. The phone is ringing. eghagoÀhz·: joint eesÃ: whistle eghahoehköÀ, hanÃ-le dÀ eghaehköÀ: miss in whistle eeshÃ: shooting 26 eghats‡Í: stubble on caribou hide egh·Îyeetsi: carry back and forth (chunky object) eghà: hair, fur egh·Îyeewa: haul (many things), gather up (many things) eghàdÀ, hanÃ-le dÀ eghàndÀ: level ground EghàdÀ köe n‡hbàa nàtsöekwi ho‡z‡. It’s good to egh·tsÎ, hanÃ-le dÀ ‡gh·tsÎ: be stingy pitch the tent on level ground. Egh·netsÎ-le. Don’t be stingy. eghàlaeda, hanÃ-le dÀ aàlaada: work egh·yae˙à: tell lies DiÃ eghàlaehda-le. I’m not working now. Egh·yae˙à. He tells lies. Nechi h‡, eghàlaahda nÃ?: Are you and your eghÕÕ: tooth younger brother working? ehchi, hanÃ-le dÀ ehchi dÀ˙eh: moulting ducks, foreman eghàlagiÃdÀe gha köàowo: down feathers eghàlaÃdÀ: work (many people) Ehchi DeÀ: Arctic Red River eghàlatsöeedaa cheÀ: employment cheque ehchiliÃ dÀ˙eh: summer fish-run, season of duck eghàlatsöeedaa tseÀ: employment cheque moulting around August EhchiliÃ dÀ˙eh. The summer fish-run has started. eghàyaa˙à: eat up a little bit at a time ehch‡Àl‡‡: place where a river flows out of a lake eghoh: thigh bone ehchöÈfi: pickerel (small type) egh·: fight (verb), make war ehchöÈfl: pickerel egh·hkÈÈ: material for a beaver’s lodge ehda: point of land, peninsula egh·· d·Î: warrior, soldier ehdaà eda: race (one person) Egh·· D·Î DzflÈ: Remembrance Day ehdaàgeedÀ: race (people or dogs) egh·Îeze: be hauled back and forth (plural objects), be transported (plural objects), be gathered (plural ehdaàgeedÀe: race (noun) objects) EhdaàgeedÀe gighàtsöeeda ha. We are going to watch them in the race. egh·Îezhe: be hauled back and forth (plural objects), be transported (plural objects), be gathered ehdaàgeelÀ: race dogteams (plural objects) Dàwhaà tsöÎ t¯‡ ehdaàgeelÀ ha?: How far are they going to race the dogs? egh·Îyeechi: carry back and forth (chunky object) ehdaànaet¯öÕ: move ahead in line (material objects), egh·Îyeedli: drag back and forth, pull back and go back and forth (vehicles) forth on a sled Köàhj·· dzfl taËtöe zhakaköekÕa ehdaànaet¯öÕ. egh·Îyeege: carry back and forth on the back Almost every day, skidoos go back and forth. egh·Îyeeh˙ah: carry back and forth (cloth object) ehdaàt¯‡geedÀ: race with dogs egh·ÎyeehtÀ: carry back and forth (animate object) ehdaàt¯‡geezo: drive dogs in a race, have dog races egh·Îyeele: haul (plural objects), carry back and ehdaàt¯‡geezho: drive dogs in a race, have dog races forth (plural objects) ehdaköÕa: narrow point of land, peninsula Tso egh·Îele. He is hauling wood. ehdal·: tip of a point of land egh·ÎyeetÍ: carry back and forth (rigid object), haul (rigid object), gather (rigid object) ehdayee˙ah: switch (cloth object), exchange (cloth object)

27 ehdayeechi: switch (single object), trade (single ehdzo t¯öi: leg-hold trap object), replace (single object) ehdzodiÃ: trap bait Beh ehdaechi ha. He is going to exchange the knife. ehdz·: become old, elder Eyi done siÃ ehdz·. That man is really old. ehdayeehxe: switch (parcel or heavy object), exchange (parcel or heavy object) ehghàà: together Hazh·Î ehghàà hàahndi. All of you say it together. ehdayeele: switch (plural objects), exchange (plural objects) ehgwàa: dryfish D· hazh·Î ehgwàa ha ¯iwe gehg· g‡‡w·. switch (rigid object), exchange (rigid ehdayeet‡: Everybody wants to dry a lot of fish for dryfish. object) ehjÃ: be hooked ehdayeetsi: switch (single object), trade (single object), replace (single object) ehj·: become old, elder Beh ehdaetsi ha. He is going to exchange the Eyi done siÃ ehj·. That man is really old. knife. ehkÀ: be twisted, be sprained ehdayeewa: trade (many objects), exchange (many Sekech‡Í ehkÀ. I have got a sprained ankle. objects) ehköàodÀ, hanÃ-le dÀ ehköaàde: fight, mate (animals) ehdayehchih: switch (cloth object), exchange (cloth ehköÈÈ: both ways, either way object) EhköÈÈ e¯exÀhtöe. Both ways are the same. EwÕ ehda‡hchÃ. She traded a hide. ehkwöi: right, straight, truth ehdayehtÀ: switch (animate object), exchange Ehkwöi agedi. They are talking straight, telling the (animate object) truth. ehdayehtsih: switch (cloth object), exchange (cloth ehkwöi adi niw·: believe, have faith object) EwÕ ehda‡htsÃ. She traded a hide. ehkwöi ahodi: believe it is true Dii asÍÍ negha ehkwöi ahodi?: Do you believe this? ehdayeka: switch (plateful), exchange (plateful) Wegha ehkwöi ahodi. He believes. ehdo: be twisted ehkwöi ahodi niw··: believer ehdootÃ, hanÃ-le dÀ edotÃ: ink ehkwöi aniw·: believe it ehdootÃ en‡ht¯öÀch‡Í: ink pen Ehkwöi atsö‡‡w· ha dÃÀ. It is hard to believe it. ehdootÃ en‡ht¯öÀts‡Í: ink pen ehkwöi eda: live righteously ehdli: freeze (animate object), have hypothermia, die ehkwöi goÕ˙àa, hanÃ-le dÀ ehkwöi goÀ˙àa: straight of exposure path Nedli tahkÕ. You might freeze. ehkwöi ‡‡t¯öÀa: lines on paper WetsÀe bÕ edfl ehdli. His grandfather died of starvation. ehkwöi nàhoehwho: do righteously ehdzÃ: be hooked ehkwöiÀ˙àa, hanÃ-le dÀ ehkwöirÀ˙àa: straight-grained ehdzo, hanÃ-le dÀ ehdzoo: trap (noun) eh¯Ífi, hanÃ-le dÀ ‡h¯Ífi: quietly, slowly Eh¯Ífi köet¯o. He is walking slowly. ehdzo ah˘‡: trap (verb) ehtewÕ: mattress ehdzo köele: trap (verb) ehtÕo: ruffed grouse, prairie chicken Ehdzo NÃzee Zaà: November, trapping season Ehdzo NÃzhee Zaà: November, trapping season 28 ehtöaà: several times one after another, used after a ehtsöÈfl: pickerel number ehtsöo, hanÃ-le dÀ ehtsöoo: bead D‡Í ehtöaà wetsöà˙ehdÃ ha. I am going to pay him four times in a row. Ehtsöo Köe Yatsöehtii Zaà: October ehtöà: be cut ehtsöo weköe yatsöehtii: rosary Silà ehtöà. My hand is cut. ehtsö·Î: apart from each other ehtö·Înaedà: go back and forth (one person) ehtsöÕ: curl ehtöÕ: suck, pump NekwÃghà nez‡Í ehtsöÕ. Your hair curls nicely. BebÃa edem· töÕehtöÕ. The baby is breast-feeding ehtsöÕa: be curly from its mother. WekwÃghà ehtsöÕa. His hair is curly. ti ehtöÕo: water pump ehzeÀ: bird resembling a hawk eht¯öÀ: mud, clay, dust, ashes, dirt ¤mbÀ n‡dÀ eht¯öÀ ¯· atö‡. In the summer, there is lots eja, hanÃ-le dÀ ejaa: glass, window, window pane of dust. eja dat¯eÀ: glass cleaner eht¯öÀ edaa: quicksand eja kwöihwÕ: window screen eht¯öÀetöoo: sticky mud, mire eja libÕ: glass for drinking eht¯öÀkàgoo: shovel, backhoe ejaech‡Í: window frame eht¯öÀköÕÕ: soft mud, mire ejaköeÀzoo: frost on glass eht¯öÀtÃ: muddy water ejaköÀ: window Eht¯öÀtÃ Dea: James Lakes River ejaköÀ enÃ‡töii: curtain eht¯ö‡chöiÃ: rags ejat·: glass jar, bottle eht¯ö‡tsöiÃ: rags ejie, hanÃ-le dÀ ejire: cow, bison, buffalo ehtsÀe: grandfather, old man (polite word) ejie köÀdÃi: dairy farmer EhtsÀe: the name of a prophet from Deline ejiedoÕ: brown ehtsÀe köàle: spider, grandfather spider, a mythical ejiedoÕg·fi: chocolate bar creature ejiedoÕg·Î: chocolate ehtsi, hanÃ-le dÀ ehchi dÀ˙eh: moulting ducks, down beef feathers ejiekwÎ: ejietöÕÕ: milk Ehtsi DeÀ: Arctic Red River ejietöÕÕt¯eÀ: butter ehtsiliÃ dÀ˙eh: summer fish-run, season of duck moulting around August ejietöÕÕzhàa: powdered milk EhtsiliÃ dÀ˙eh. The summer fish-run has started. ejietsöÀ: cow ehts‡: grandmother, mother-in-law, old lady (polite ejiewÕ: leather, cow-hide word) ejiezh·Î: bull ehts‡Àl‡‡: place where a river flows out of a lake ejire, hanÃ-le dÀ ejie: cow, bison, buffalo ehtsöagoÕ˙àa: curve in the road ej‡: sing ehtsöaraal‡‡: eddy Ehts‡ yegha ej‡. Granny is singing for her. ehtsöÈfi: pickerel (small type) ejÃ: breathe 29 ejÃ ha dÃÀ: be unable to breathe, choke, suffocate ekÃiyeÀ: around there, around that time tai gh· nÃ‡˙·, eköÀtai gh· nÃ‡˙· gotsöÎ ekÃiyeÀ: ej·: black spruce, short-leafed spruce between three and six o’clock, around that time ej·˙oo: spruce bough ekÃiyeÀköe: around that time, around that area eka-, hanÃ-le dÀ ka-, ha-: that way (prefix), thus lodge for beaver or muskrat (prefix) ekÍÍ, hanÃ-le dÀ ekÈÈ: ekaÀt¯·: that many ek·Î: Expression said in a crowd, excuse me!, watch Seàg‡fi ekasÀhdi. My friend told me so. out!, make way! ekaà: wound on an animal, worm spots on hide, hard ek·Î: there, that way lumps in meat ek·Î-le: wrong way, mistakenly ekaàwinde: spirit-level Ek·Î-le ah¯à. I made a mistake. ekaehxe: so soon ek·Î-le an‡w·: think bad thoughts Ekaehxe en‡ht¯öÀ xàih¯Ã-le. I didn’t expect a letter ek·Î-le gode: talk off the topic, talk dirty so soon. ek·Î-le nàniwo: think bad thoughts eka‡hcho, hanÃ-le dÀ ha‡hcho: be that big ekÕ, hanÃ-le dÀ kÕ: then, but, however, when (in the be that big eka‡htso, hanÃ-le dÀ ha‡hcho: past), though ekanÃ: like that tai dzfl ekÕ: three days ago Cheko el‡ ekÕ, xàà waewi dÃÀ. When he was a ekanÃ‡hwhà, hanÃ-le dÀ hanÃ‡hwhà: be that far young man, he really liked cards. ekatanÃ‡hwhà, hanÃ-le dÀ hatanÃ‡hwhà: be that many immediately, as soon as, when talking about fathoms, be that depth of water ekÕ ÀtöiÃ: the past ekà: balance stick for rabbit snare, old type of snare ekÕÕ: coming (vehicle), going along, running ekeÀköÀ: tracks of an animal, footprints (machine) ekwÎ keÀköÀ: caribou tracks SatsÎ ekÕÕ. The engine is running. eket¯öaÀzaa: afterbirth nàke tsöÎ eekÕo: two seconds eket¯öaÀzhaa: afterbirth eköa: fat (noun) Sem· sÃi eköa köÀdÃ ha, t¯e ehts‡ ha. My mother is ekÀ: caribou foot, hoof, animal paw going to keep the fat to make lard. ekÈÈ, hanÃ-le dÀ ekÍÍ: lodge for beaver or muskrat Eköa TÃ: Lac de Gras ekÃi: just, for nothing eköaàwi, hanÃ-le dÀ eköaÕwi, köaàwi: store manager, EkÃi whenet‡ ha. You must just rest. trader, king (in cards) ekÃi ka: for nothing, wilderness eköaàwi köàowo: Hudson’s Bay manager Wetöà e¯iÃdzÀe ekÃi ka weköehonehwhi-le. Don’t eköaàwi kÎ: store, formerly, the Hudson’s Bay store use up glue for nothing. eköaàwia: clerk ekÃi tsöeedaa cheÀ: unemployment cheque eköaàwideÀ: director of stores, factor of a trading ekÃi tsöeedaa tseÀ: unemployment cheque company ekÃi tsöeÀhkwöee cheÀ: unemployment cheque eköaÀkö·: candle, lamp, light bulb, electricity ekÃi tsöeÀhkwöee tseÀ: unemployment cheque eköaÀkö· ghoria: candle ekÃika nÀköe: desert, barren land eköaÀkö· kÎ ehts‡‡ köÀdÃi: power plant operator eköaÀkö·ch‡Í: candleholder eköaÀkö·t¯öiÃ: electrical wires 30 eköaÀkö·t¯öiÃ godeh: electric drill eköÀyeewa: pile on (many things) Tso eköÀnewa. Pile wood in (the stove). eköaÀkö·ts‡Í: candleholder ekö‡Í: fish eggs, roe eköàhgoÕ: maggot from caribou throat ekö‡Í ¯ÀtöÀ: bannock made with fish eggs eköàhkwoÕ: large intestine eköÃdoo, hanÃ-le dÀ egÃdoo: skidoo, snowmobile eköeetÍ: sweep eköoh: neck eköenà˙ehtse: wash things ekwÃ: head of an animal eköÀatöaa: checkers EköÀatöaa töà s·nàgedÀ ha. They are going to play ekwÃghàgaà: grey hair checkers. ekwÃghÎ: brains of an animal eköÀchöa: against each other ekw·hdz‡Í: punkwood, rotten wood eköÀchöahÕtö‡: be different from each other ekw·hj‡Í: punkwood, rotten wood eköÀdaedzflÈ: day after tomorrow, next day ekwÎ: caribou eköÀdi: one before last ekwÎ detsöÀ: female caribou, mature eköÀdi xoköe: the winter before last eköÀdi dzflahta: two weeks ago ekwÎ tsöÃda: female caribou, immature eköÀd‡: eight ekwÎ wedzi: male caribou eköÀd‡Àn·: eighty ekwÎkwÎ: caribou meat eköÀtaÀn·: sixty ekwÎtsia: caribou calf eköÀtai: six ekwÎwÕ t¯öà˙eh: caribou skin pants eköÀte: crossed over each other ekwöahti, hanÃ-le dÀ ehkwöiahti, kwöahti: police, RCMP eköÀte nawhehtsöii: crosswind ekwöahtia: subchief eköÀtehgÀ: vote wegha eköÀtehgÀe d·Î dÀhkwöee: Legislative ekwö·Î: bone Assembly ekwö·Ît¯eÀ: bone grease eköÀtehtsÕ: vote, make a cross ekwöÎfi: small bone, dice eköÀtehtsÕo: vote (noun), cross (noun), letter X elaet·mÍ: willow bark net (old word) eköÀtehtsÕo hoh¯À: elect, have an election elag·Î: claw eköÀten‡htsöiÃ: crosswind elà: canoe, boat, vessel eköÀtöà: back (adverb), backwards, returning elà et·: boat trail eköÀtöà s·Îmba done tsöÎ edÃi: tax refund EköÀtöà köeetöÍ. He is looking backwards. elà nàt¯a: speedboat eköÀtsöa: against each other elà ti zÃi köekÕo: submarine eköÀtsöahÕtö‡: be different from each other elà ti zhÃi köekÕo: submarine eköÀyeechi: pile on (single object), put together elàcho: big boat, scow, ship, barge (single object) elàköÀ: dock eköÀyeetsi: pile on (single object), put together (single elàkwÃ: bow of the boat object) ElàkwÃ wheda. He sits in the bow of the boat. 31 elàt¯öà: stern of the boat e¯ed·Îke: married couple elàtso: big boat, scow, ship, barge e¯eghàà: at the same time, all at once, together Hazh·Î e¯eghàà goahde-le. Don’t talk all at once. elÀ: dried lake bed e¯egh·: about each other eliiwÕ: bladder e¯egh·hköeÀ: side by side, alongside each other el‡: be (non-permanent state), be (situated) T¯‡ e¯egh·hköeÀ whehte ageh˙‡. They put the dogs Ed‡Í neelÀ?: Where have you been? side by side. N‡ eneÀko whenel‡ dÃÀ. You have become a very old man. e¯eköe: on each other elo: urinate, piss e¯eköÀchöa xà˙aa: different types asÃi e¯eköÀchöa xà˙aa: different kinds of things elotÃ: urine e¯eköÀchöaÕtö‡‡: different types e¯ad‡‡: different, outside the family E¯ad‡‡ adle ha. It will be changed. e¯eköÀÀ: one after another E¯ad‡‡ hanÃ gogha eghàlaeda ha dÃÀ. People Hazh·Î e¯eköÀÀ nàÀhzha. Everybody is standing in outside the family cannot (be expected to) work like line. that for us. e¯eköÀÀdaà: one after another in a line e¯ad‡Í: differently DihdflÈ t¯‡ sÃi e¯eköÀÀdaà whehte. Over here the E¯ad‡Í ¯edÃ. It tastes different. dogs lie one after another in a line. e¯adÃwi: kill oneself, commit suicide e¯eköÀtsöa xà˙aa: different types asÃi e¯eköÀtsöa xà˙aa: different kinds of things e¯aet¯öÃ: spill (intransitive verb) Ti ladà köe dawheht·· sÃi e¯aÀt¯öih, eyiköÀÀ etse. e¯eköÀtsöaÕtö‡‡: different types The water on the table spilled and after that, he e¯eköÈÈ atsö‡‡w·: agree cries. E¯eköÈÈ atsö‡‡w·. We agree with each other. en‡ht¯öÀetöaa wetöà ti e¯aet¯öÕo: water bomber e¯emÎ·ke: aunt and niece/nephew e¯aÀwi, hanÃ-le dÀ e¯·Îwi: die (single object) e¯enÃd·Î: facing each other (postposition) e¯ayeehde: kill (plural objects) Behch‡Í e¯enÃd·Î ¯eet¯a. The vehicles met each Sometimes ‹hköÀ z· nàzÀe d·Î e¯ageehde. other head on. hunters kill them. e¯eta: mixed together (postposition) e¯ayeehwhi: kill (single object) Hazh·Î e¯eta atsöeh˙‡. We mix it all together. Tsö·Îko¯‡‡ e¯aseehwhi ha. The wicked old woman is going to kill me. e¯etaàtsöeedi: distribute amongst ourselves GodÈfl wohgw‡ e¯atsö‡‡hwho. We’ve killed the giant BÕ e¯etaàtsöeedi. We distribute meat amongst owl. ourselves. e¯ayeet¯a: swallow e¯etadà: across from each other (postposition) E¯ayeÀht¯a. He swallowed it. E¯etadà nàgedÀ. They live across from each other. e¯e-: each other, mutual e¯etsike: brothers e¯eàg‡fi: friends to each other e¯etsöàtsöee˙Í: hide from each other e¯echike: brothers e¯etsöàtsöee˙Í‡: hide-and-seek e¯echöàtsöee˙Í: hide from each other e¯etsöe˙Í: meet each other, see each other e¯echöàtsöee˙Í‡: hide-and-seek e¯etsöeÀhdÃi: meeting, conference e¯edÀke: sisters e¯etsöeg·: war with each other, fight with each other 32 e¯etsöÃhchÃi: engagement, marriage e¯Àts·ekÀe: twins e¯etsöÃhtsÃi: engagement, marriage e¯Àyeele: compile, collect e¯etsöÎ: to each other, from one to another e¯Àyeezà: tie (things) together TsöÀwh‡fi nez‡Í e¯etsöÎ goahnde. Speak quietly and T¯‡ e¯Ã‡zà. Tie the dogs together. nicely to each other. e¯Àyeezhà: tie (things) together ¤¯À dzfl ekÕ eyi eneÀko t¯öi dech‡ e¯etsöÎ nawhetöii T¯‡ e¯Ã‡zhà. Tie the dogs together. ayÍlà. One day the old man put up a string stretching from one tree to another. e¯Àyehchi: tie (things) together, tie a knot Edekech‡Ít¯öiÃ e¯Àyehchi ha dÃÀ. He can’t tie his get used to one another e¯exetsöeed‡: shoelaces together. e¯exÀ: together, with each other e¯ÀyehgwÃ: rake (verb) e¯exÀ agetö‡: courting each other e¯Àyehtsi: tie (things) together, tie a knot e¯exÀ eghàlagiÃdÀe d·Î: colleagues Edekets‡Ít¯öiÃ e¯Àyehtsi ha dÃÀ. He can’t tie his shoelaces together. e¯exÀgotsöedo: talk to one another, tell each other stories, gossip e¯·hdÃi: ant e¯exÀhtöe: be equal, be similar to each other, be e¯·hdÃi köetöaa: flying ant same e¯·Îde: be killed (plural objects), be slain (plural They are the same. E¯exÀg‡‡htöe. objects) e¯exÀyeezà: tie (it) together e¯·Îwi: be killed (single object), be slain (single e¯exÀyeezhà: tie (it) together object) e¯exÀyihtà: count (things) together, add (things) em·ÀhtöÃ: thread twine around a net together Em·ÀhtöÃ. He is threading the twine around the net. Segha e¯exÀyihtà ha. She is going to add them em·Îch‡Í: net pole together for me. em·Îchö·Î: fence around a grave e¯exiÃt·: be frozen together, be connected em·Îtöicho: twine, used for top and bottom of nets, stick (things) together, glue together e¯eyiÃdzÀh: rope wetöà asÃi e¯iÃdzÀe: glue em·Îtöitso: twine, used for top and bottom of nets, mother and child, cow with calf e¯ezaake: rope e¯ezhaake: mother and child, cow with calf em·Îtöitsoa: small twine e¯Àch·ekÀe: twins em·ÎtöÃi: net string, twine e¯ÀÀdl‡: flowing together em·Îts‡Í: net pole e¯ÀÀdl‡‡: fork of a river em·Îtsö·Î: fence around a grave E¯ÀÀdl‡‡ KÎ: Fort Simpson embe, hanÃ-le dÀ ebe: boil e¯ÀÀhchÃi: knot (noun) Ti embe. The water is boiling. e¯ÀÀhgoo: tangle (noun) embÕ, hanÃ-le dÀ ebÕ: stomach e¯ÀÀhtsÃi: knot (noun) enahÎtöe: be finished En‡ht¯öÀkÎ enahÎtöe. School is finished. e¯Àhchi: be tied up enaitsöih: changing temperature e¯Àhtöe: same thing, be equal e¯Àhtsi: be tied up 33 Enake: Inuit people en‡ht¯öÀ köezhee: mail delivery enatÃ: spirit-level en‡ht¯öÀ köÀdÃi: secretary, office clerk enààkwö·fi: hollow place en‡ht¯öÀ ¯· whelaa kÎ: library eneÀko, hanÃ-le dÀ enoko: old man, old person en‡ht¯öÀ nazee kÎ: post office eneÀko cheÀ: pension cheque en‡ht¯öÀ nazhee kÎ: post office eneÀko s·Îmbaà: old age pension en‡ht¯öÀ nàedaa: movie eneÀko tseÀ: pension cheque en‡ht¯öÀ tsöiÃkwia: cigarette tobacco enfl: mother (old word) en‡ht¯öÀ weghàlaedaa kÎ: office building enÀ-, hanÃ-le dÀ enÃ-: closed (prefix) en‡ht¯öÀch‡Í: pen, pencil enÀdz·: be shy, be ashamed en‡ht¯öÀd·fi: doll Yegh· enÀdz·. He is ashamed of him. en‡ht¯öÀedz‡‡: taped music, CD, music EnÀehdz·. I’m shy. en‡ht¯öÀedz‡‡ kwöà: record player, tape recorder enÀet‡: freeze over en‡ht¯öÀej‡‡: taped music, CD, music EnÀet‡‡: Stagg River en‡ht¯öÀej‡‡ kwöà: record player, tape recorder enÀj·: be shy, be ashamed Yegh· enÀj·. He is ashamed of him. en‡ht¯öÀetöaa, hanÃ-le dÀ en‡ht¯öÀköetöaa: airplane EnÀehj·. I’m shy. en‡ht¯öÀÃchÃi: picture, photograph enihorÃyah, hanÃ-le dÀ enehorÃyah: be amazing en‡ht¯öÀÃtsÃi: picture, photograph situation EnihorÃyah!: It’s amazing! en‡ht¯öÀkÎ: school, post office, office, education eniÃyah: be strange, be amazing, be shocking, be a en‡ht¯öÀköetöaa, hanÃ-le dÀ en‡ht¯öÀetöaa: airplane miracle en‡ht¯öÀköetöaa köÀ: airport, air-strip Gigha eniÃyah làanÃ. They were amazed. en‡ht¯öÀköetöaa köÀdÃi d·Î: pilot EniÃyah töà eniÃyah!: My goodness!/Wow! en‡ht¯öÀköetöaa naedÀe köÀ: landing strip en‡ht¯öÀ, hanÃ-le dÀ n‡ht¯öÀ: book, paper, mail, bill, ticket, licence, photograph, grade level en‡ht¯öÀköetöaa whelaa köÀ: hangar DiidzflÈ en‡ht¯öÀ nÍzha nÃ?: Is there any mail today? en‡ht¯öÀtÃ: paint Eyi t¯öàx·· nàyaeti kÎ nàwhiht¯a ekÕ sen‡ht¯öÀÀ e¯ad‡‡ adle ha. After that I went to the court house en‡ht¯öÀtÃch‡Í: paintbrush to get a new licence. en‡ht¯öÀtÃts‡Í: paintbrush en‡ht¯öÀ ehts‡‡ d·Î, hanÃ-le dÀ d· gha en‡ht¯öÀ ehts‡‡ en‡ht¯öÀts‡Í: pen, pencil d·Î: social worker en‡ht¯öÀwÕ: paper en‡ht¯öÀ ghàeht·· d·Î: teacher en‡ht¯öÀwÕ gooköah: sandpaper en‡ht¯öÀ köahotaa: assessment en‡ht¯öÀwÕ gotsÀa: thumbtack, tack en‡ht¯öÀ köàlaedÀ: study (plural actors) en‡ht¯öÀwÕ ·hchÃa: paper bag en‡ht¯öÀ köàlaewo: study (one actor) en‡ht¯öÀwÕ ·htsÃa: paper bag en‡ht¯öÀ köelee d·Î: mail carrier en‡ht¯öÀwÕ t·: cardboard box en‡ht¯öÀ köezee: mail delivery en‡ht¯öÀwÕ tsöetöÃi: cigarette 34 en‡ht¯öÀwÕ tsöiÃkwia: cigarette tobacco en··gh·: backbone en‡ht¯öÀwÕ weköeetsöii: kite en·töe: finish, quit Elizabeth ˙eh nàeli gh· en·töe. Elizabeth has enÃ-, hanÃ-le dÀ enÀ-: closed (prefix) finished sewing the coat. enÃÀza: be closed (plural objects) Enahtöe. I quit. En‡ht¯öÀkÎ enÃÀza. The schools are closed. en·ziÃ: spinal cord enÃÀzha: be closed (plural objects) en·zhiÃ: spinal cord En‡ht¯öÀkÎ enÃÀzha. The schools are closed. enÎkwah: bone flesher tool EnÍ‡t‡‡, hanÃ-le dÀ EnÀet‡‡: Stagg River EnÎÎda: Trout Rock enÃ‡t·, hanÃ-le dÀ enÀet·: be closed (single object), door erezii, hanÃ-le dÀ eezhii: thunder En‡ht¯öÀkÎ enÃ‡t·. The school is closed. erezii köoÕ: thunder clouds enÃ‡t· köe whe˙··: doorknob erezhii, hanÃ-le dÀ eezhii: thunder enÃ‡t· köe whe˙·· ladlÃ: padlock erezhii köoÕ: thunder clouds enÃ‡t· köe whelaa: doorknobs esade, hanÃ-le dÀ töasade: have a bad experience, enÃ‡t· köÀ deghagoÀ˙àa: entry have something bad happen, get hurt Esagede ha-le. They are not going to have enÃkàechi, hanÃ-le dÀ enÃxàechi: open the door anything bad happen to them. Segha enÃxà‡chi. Open the door for me. Ti töà esajà. He drowned. enÃkàetÍ, hanÃ-le dÀ enÃxàetÍ: (door) open esadi, hanÃ-le dÀ töasadi: say something EnÃkàetÍ ha. The door is going to open. Esadi-le. He didn’t say anything. enÃkàetsi, hanÃ-le dÀ enÃxàechi: open the door esagode, hanÃ-le dÀ töasagode: something bad Segha enÃxà‡tsi. Open the door for me. happens enÃkàezÃ, hanÃ-le dÀ enÃxàezÃ: break in Esagode ha-le. Nothing bad is going to happen. EnÃkà‡zÃ. He broke in. EsagÕjà. Something bad happened. enÃkàtsö‡‡zÃi: break-and-enter esagodi, hanÃ-le dÀ töasagodi: be a sound enÃkàezhÃ, hanÃ-le dÀ enÃxàezÃ: break in Esagodi n‡dÀ, eyi tsö·Îko nax‡tsöÎ kàet¯a ha. EnÃkà‡zhÃ. He broke in. If there is a sound, that old woman will run out enÃkàtsö‡‡zhÃi: break-and-enter towards you. enÃkàyeetÍ, hanÃ-le dÀ enÃxàyeetÍ: open (it) esagÎhtöe-le, hanÃ-le dÀ töasagÎhtöe-le: be fine enÃnÃ‡˙a, hanÃ-le dÀ enÍ‡˙a: (door) is bolted situation, be nothing amiss EnÃnÃ‡˙a z· awÃgw·. We always keep the door WexÀ esagÎhtöe-le. Things are fine with him. bolted. esanÃle, hanÃ-le dÀ töasanÃle: be okay, be all right enÃyeechi: close the door Segha esanÃle. It’s all right with me. EnÃ‡chi. Close the door. etaàda: be pretty, cute enÃyeetsi: close the door etaehti: interpret, translate EnÃ‡tsi. Close the door. Segha eta‡hti. Translate for me. en·gÕo: maggots in caribou hide etaet¯a: go home (one or two people) en·hgÕ: stomach of caribou which is long and fatty Sechi etaÀht¯a. My brother went home. en·hgÕwÕ: caribou intestine etatsöeedÀ: go home (plural actors) D· etageÀde. The people went home. en·kwö·Î: backbone of caribou or moose 35 etayee˙ah: take home (cloth object) etöà: cut (intransitive verb) Nez‡Í etöà. It cuts well. etayeechi: take home (single object) etöÀ: cook (intransitive verb), bake (intransitive verb), etayeehtÀ: take home (animate object) fry (intransitive verb) etayeehxe: pack (him/her/it) home EyÀ etöÀ. The eggs are cooking. etayeekà: take home (plateful) etöÃ: exert oneself, stretch etayeele: take home (plural objects) HÕt¯öÕ etöÃ. He is exerting himself hard. etayeet‡: take home (rigid object) etöoh: nest etayeetsi: take home (single object) etöoÕkwÎ: brisket, breast meat of caribou etayeewa: take home (many objects) etöÕÕ: breast, teats età, hanÃ-le dÀ atà: dad, father et¯e: going along (one person), working (machine) Eht¯e. I’m walking along. eteet¯a: leave for some destination SesadzeÀ et¯e-le ajà. My watch has stopped Sekwe ek·Î eteet¯a ha. He is going to leave for running. there before me. Sekwe eteneet¯a n·Î. You had already left before et¯öa whet··: keel of boat me. et¯öà: rump eteet¯e: going to a destination (one person) et¯ö‡: braid, knit YahtikÎ tsöÎ eteet¯e. He is going to church. etsaa: cache, storage place eteÀ˙‡, hanÃ-le dÀ etenÀ˙‡: pity, take pity, be kind etse: cry WedzeÀ eteÀ˙‡. Her heart is kind. TÃtso etse. The loon cries. eteÀtö‡, hanÃ-le dÀ etenÀtö‡: be poor, be pitiful, be BebÃa to ghàà ‡tsÀ. The baby cried all night. miserable etsÀ: tail D· eteÀtö‡‡ làanÃ sÀgaatö‡ niw·. He wants to look like a poor man. etsÀkwö·Î: tailbone etegÕyeedi, hanÃ-le dÀ etegÎyeedi: lead (him/her) by -ets‡, hanÃ-le dÀ dech‡: mile, yard (measure) the hand Dàt¯· ets‡?: How many miles is it? EtegÕs‡‡di. Lead me by the hand. ‡¯Àets‡: one mile/one yard etehoÀtö‡: be poor situation, be pitiful conditions, be ets‡ÍlÍ‡: spoon miserable situation Ladà köe ets‡ÍlÍ‡ whe˙·. There is a spoon on the table. eteyeÀh˙‡: be kind to, take pity on, be merciful to NÎhts‡ eteseÀh˙‡. God is merciful to me. etsÃ: awl et‡: freeze (intransitive verb), congeal etsÍ: pounded meat Ti et‡ ha. The water is going to freeze. etsÍhta: caribou nose meat from around the eyes Tit¯öiÃ eht·. The water pipes are frozen. etsÍhtagÕo: larva in caribou hide et·: trail, path etsÍt¯e: pemmican et· ni˙à: (trail) extend Dii et· dà‡hwhaà tsöÎ ni˙à?: How far does this trail etsoÕ: Expression of amazement, my!, overdone extend? EtsoÕ ayÍlà. My, how he overdid it! EtsoÕ goyatiÃ wegh· sÃdÃ. My, how our language is hold etÎ: funny. Silà netÎ. Hold my hand. ets··dziÃ: punkwood Etöaa gotö‡Í: Rae Lakes people 36 ets··jiÃ: punkwood etsöÕo: kidney ets·Î: rib area, flank etsöÕoköa: kidney fat ets·Îkwö·Î: rib bones etsöÎziÃ˙aà, hanÃ-le dÀ yiÃ˙aà: upside down Elà etsöÎziÃ˙aà whet·. The boat is upside down. etsöachöÃÃ: tendon etsöÎzhiÃ˙aà, hanÃ-le dÀ yiÃ˙aà: upside down etsöadee˙a: roll over, turn over Elà etsöÎzhiÃ˙aà whet·. The boat is upside down. To ghàà etsöadee˙a. He tossed and turned all night. ewaà: sand, gravel etsöaetöa: fly round-trip Ewaà Ehda: White Beach Point Etsöaetöa ha. He will fly round-trip. Ewaà Kwi: Russell Channel EtsöaÀhtöo. He flew round-trip. ewaliÃ, hanÃ-le dÀ ewariÃ: tongue etsöaet¯a: turn (one person), rotate (one person) eweÀtö‡Í: killer, wicked person etsöaet¯e: turning (one person), rotating (one person) ewohkwÎ, hanÃ-le dÀ eghohkwÎ: meat from the spin etsöaÀhmÍ: thigh and buttocks of caribou etsöaÀhmÎ·: circle ewÕ: liver etsöaÀhtsöi: wind turned, change in wind direction ewÕ: caribou hide etsöaÀhyÍfi: be round ewÕ ehwhe: soften hide, treat hide before tanning W‡nÃ etsöaÀhyÍfi. Her face is round. EwÕ gehwhe. They are softening the hide. etsöagoÀ˙à: curve around (road), extend around ewÕew··: softened caribou hide, white hide, new (road) hide etsöahtÃ: small lake letting into a larger lake, side lake ewÕh˙eh: hide jacket etsöatsöÃÃ: tendon ewÕhke: hide slippers etsöawhe˙a: encircle, curve around ewÕn‡hbàa: hide tent Etsöawhe˙a. There is a wide curve. eya, hanÃ-le dÀ ezha: sore, sick, aching, hurt etsöayehgo: stir eya tsö· tàda: germs etsöàdaedii, hanÃ-le dÀ gotsöàdaedii: witness eyael‡: be sick etsöeÀhkwö··: hearing eyakÎ: hospital etsöÀe˙Î·neÀ: other side EtsöÀe˙Î·neÀ t‡li köabàa naÀht¯a. He walked by on eye: be itchy the other side of the road. SekwÎ eye. My skin is itchy. etsöidzi: hand game eye, hanÃ-le dÀ eghe: drum etsöiÃ: guts eyech‡Í: drumstick etsöilah: sing a song of appreciation or love eyeech‡Í: drum frame etsöÍmbàa: white fox eyeets‡Í: drum frame etsö·daà: opening, entrance, doorway eyeÀkwÎ, hanÃ-le dÀ eyiÀkwÎ: brisket, stomach sah˙·· tsö·daà: bear’s den entrance meat, made into drymeat etsö·daàkÎa: porch eyets‡Í: drumstick eyÀ, hanÃ-le dÀ eghÀ: egg 37 EyÀg·hsa: June ez·: ghost eyÀhkwö·Î: egg shell Ez· TÃ: Ghost Lake eyÀht·: egg carton Ez·dzflÈ Zaà: November eyi: that, that one, it ezha, hanÃ-le dÀ eya: sore, sick, aching, hurt eyi: there ezhael‡, hanÃ-le dÀ eyael‡: be sick Eded‡, nàke dzfl eyi ‡dà. He stayed there for two Ezhanel‡ nÃ?: Are you sick? days. ezh‡, hanÃ-le dÀ ezh‡ne: crazy, nuts, retarded eyi˙ÎÎ: past that, more than that Ezh‡ eh¯‡. I’m nuts. Eyi˙ÎÎ gida nàeh˙‡ ha dÃÀ. I couldn’t wait for them ezh‡el‡: be retarded, be mentally disabled any longer than that. Sechi ezh‡el‡. My younger brother is retarded. eyiÀkwÎ, hanÃ-le dÀ eyeÀkwÎ: brisket, stomach ezh‡Í: ghost meat, made into drymeat ezh·: ghost eyigà: and then, besides that, after that ShÀnet‡ eyigà nàgo‡zhe n·. Eat and then you may Ezh· TÃ: Ghost Lake play. Ezh·dzflÈ Zaà: November eyigotsö·: and, and then Àhk·: early dawn eyiÃle, hanÃ-le dÀ eyi-le: other, another Àh¯‡, hanÃ-le dÀ Íh¯‡: instead, be doing or be in a d· eyiÃle: other people position unexpectedly Yee ‡zhiÃ dehköÀ eyiÃle tsö·Îko nàde. Way down S‡ Àh¯‡ ahde ha. I’ll go instead. along the river there lives another old woman. -etöiÃ: right away, immediately after, as soon as eyiköÀÀ: after that köom·Îd·Î ÀtöiÃ: as soon as it was morning eyit¯öàx··: afterwards, after that, and then, next eyitsö·: and, and then eyitsö· ayÃi: what else?, what then? T¯‡ch· kãÈÈ eyitsö·˙Î, hanÃ-le dÀ eyitsöih˙Î: because of that, on account of that eyixÀ: and, with that D· wÀhdaa d· nez‡‡ ahtöe g‡‡w·, eyixÀ d· nahköe g eh¯‡ edeg‡‡w·. Some people thought they were really good people and with that thought they were gaam‡‡, hanÃ-le dÀ goam‡‡: leading action better than everyone. (postposition), responsible for action taken by others (postposition), influential for (postposition) eza, hanÃ-le dÀ eya: sore, sick, aching, hurt gaam‡‡ atö‡‡: instigator ezael‡, hanÃ-le dÀ eyael‡: be sick gagoo, hanÃ-le dÀ köagoo: swan Ezanel‡ nÃ?: Are you sick? gagoo weÀhdà töÀ: swan ezeh: shout, scream gah: rabbit ez‡, hanÃ-le dÀ ezh‡ne: crazy, nuts, retarded Ez‡ eh¯‡. I’m nuts. gah et·: rabbit trail ez‡el‡: be retarded, be mentally disabled gahcho: hare Setsi ez‡el‡. My younger brother is retarded. gahghÕa: baby teeth – the first two, rabbit teeth ez‡Í: ghost gahkeÀ köÀ: rabbit tracks 38 gahmÍ: snare for rabbits goba, hanÃ-le dÀ gomba: older sister Seba wetÃ tai gÕh¯‡. My older sister has three gahtso: hare daughters. gahwÕ: rabbit skin gobaa, hanÃ-le dÀ gombaa: dawn gahzaa: baby rabbit gobaa gÕlÀ, hanÃ-le dÀ gombaa gÕlÀ: early morning gahzhaa: baby rabbit light, dusk GamÀtÃ: Rae Lakes gobÕ, hanÃ-le dÀ gombÕ: stomach, lower abdomen GamÈ DiÃ: Hudson Bay Island in Rae gobÕ eya: stomach ache gà: besides (conjunction), and gobÕ t¯öa gokaà: stomach ulcer Ek·Î sÃi mbÕ xàgeehtöÀ gà shÀgezhe. There they stomach cook meat and eat. gobÕhd·: gobÕkwöia: navel, belly button geh: poker, cooking stick, cane SegeÀ seghà‡chi. Give me my cane. gobÕtöàà: stomach lining geh··z··: understanding (old word) gochàa: grandchild of a woman, daughter-in-law of a woman, son-in-law of a woman geh··zh··: understanding (old word) gochÀkwö·Î: tailbone gidaànÃ‡la: be locked up (plural) GidaànÃ‡la. They are locked up. gochi: younger brother gighàà nayaetii d·Î: jury gochÍfi: penis giköÀedÀ, hanÃ-le dÀ giköÀÀ edÀ: follow (plural actors), gochÍhta: nasal cavities go after (plural actors), walk behind (plural actors) gochÍtöa: back SeköÀÀ geadÀ. They are following me. gocho: ancestors, forebears go˙àà, hanÃ-le dÀ go˙àdÀ: hip goch·: sleep period (postposition), while sleeping go˙àkwö·Î: hip bones Edech· nàflflkwöo. You fell while you were go˙eh: uncle, father-in-law, stepfather, polite word for sleeping. an older man goch·: womb, uterus go˙Í‡, hanÃ-le dÀ go˙‡Í: behind a place, in the shelter goch·Î: flank, side of body, rib area of KÎ go˙Í‡ nàdee˙Í. He is hiding behind the house. goch·ÎhgoÕ: diaphragm go˙·hdaà: oldest member of the family, elders goch·Îkwö·Î: rib bones go˙·Î: past a location, further gochöÃÃ: muscle, tendon, ligament GamÀtÃ go˙·Î tsöÎ agejà. They went past Rae godaà, hanÃ-le dÀ gondaà: eye, eyesight, presence Lakes. Wedaà nez‡ dÃÀ. Her eyesight is very good. go˙ÎÎ xà˙aa: chicken pox Godaà hadi. He said so in our presence. goam‡‡, hanÃ-le dÀ gaam‡‡: leading action godaà edaa, hanÃ-le dÀ gondaà endaa: eye twitch (postposition), responsible for action taken by others godaà eya: eye ailment (postposition), influential for (postposition) Goam‡‡ atö‡. He is having an influence on people. godaà gha nàÀdi köÀez··: eye doctor Goam‡‡ köeda. He is leading people (literally or godaà gha nàÀdi köÀezh··: eye doctor figuratively). godaà köaehtaa d·Î: eye doctor

39 godaà tsÍdiÃt¯öÕ: have a black eye godzah: esophagus, inside of throat Wedaà tsÍdiÃt¯öÕ. He has a black eye. godzah ti xàt¯öÕo: burping bile godaà yÃakwöo: something in the eye godzakwöo: behind the knee, back of the knee godageÀ: staring, bug-eyed, wide-eyed godzakwö·Î: leg bone, leg godaghà: beard, moustache godzaliÃ: calf of leg godfifi: mouth area, lips godzax·Î: lower leg bone, shin bone godfifi eÀköÎ: cold-sore godzeÀ: heart GidzeÀ nez‡ dÃÀ, eyitöà gigh·niÀht·. They had godfifiyÍ‡: soul really good hearts and so I loved them. godfifizÍ‡: soul EdedzeÀ töà gode. She is speaking from the heart. godfifizhÍ‡: soul godzeÀ nàkwöi: heart attack gode, hanÃ-le dÀ gonde: talk, speak godzeÀ nÃ˙à, hanÃ-le dÀ godzeÀ Ã˙à: heart attack, godeh: screw (tool), drill (tool) heart stop ticking godeh kwöiÀ˙aa: screwdriver godzeÀbàa, hanÃ-le dÀ godzeÀmbàa: outer ear, ear godehch‡Í: screwdriver godzeÀbàa köe whelaa: earrings, earmuffs godehkoÕ: phlegm godzeÀta: chest area godeht·: toolbox godzehdeÀ: lung godehts‡Í: screwdriver godzehdeÀ Íghàa: pneumonia, swollen lungs godÀ: younger sister godzehdeÀ tàda: tuberculosis, lung disease godÀe: back in time, behind in space godzeht¯öiÃ: vein godÈfl wohgw‡: giant owl godzflÈ: birthday godÈflcho: giant godziÃ: ear, hearing WedziÃ gowhÃle. Her hearing is gone. godÈfltso: giant godziÃ köe whelaa: earrings, earmuffs godi, hanÃ-le dÀ gondi: story, news godziÃ whÃle: be deaf godi en‡ht¯öÀ: story book, newspaper godziÃhkwö·Î: inner ear godoht¯öiÃ: blood vessel, vein godziÃhkwö·Î eya: earache godoo: above godziÃhliÃ, hanÃ-le dÀ godziÃhlia: earrings godoÕ: blood godoÕ nàtsoo: healthy and strong blood godziÃhtöoÕ: ear wax GodoÕ ¯· ajà. There was a lot of blood. godziÃwiÃ: chest of the body godoÕchöÃÃ: blood vessel, vein WedziÃwiÃ eya. His chest hurts. godoÕ¯‡‡: blood poisoning godziÃwiÃ en‡ht¯öÀÃchÃi: chest x-ray godoÕtsöÃÃ: blood vessel, vein godziÃwiÃ en‡ht¯öÀÃtsÃi: chest x-ray godzaà: leg godziÃwiÃ eya: chest pain godzaà nàetÎ·: broken leg godziÃwiÃ ghaköa‡˙aa: sharp chest pain godzagÕokwö·Î: kneecap godz·: front of the body 40 godz·htÀ: apron goghagoÀhzh·Î: joints of the body goÀdÎ·: son-in-law goghà˙eedi: be given WeÀdÎ· j· wheda. Her son-in-law is here. goghoh: thigh goedziÃ, hanÃ-le dÀ goejiÃ: corner of a structure goghohkwÎ: gums of the mouth kÎ goedziÃ: corner of the house goghohtöà: roof of the mouth goehgÕ: joints of the body, shoulder, knee, elbow gogholiÃ: thigh muscle goehgÕdzeÀ: kneecap, elbowcap, cartilage on kneecap goghoÕ: scar goeköaa: (an area) is light, (an area) is bright goghoÕ: age, years TaÀn· daatsöÎ nàke weghoÕ. She is 32 years old. goez·: (an area) is dark MÎhtöa goez·. It is dark outside. goghÕÕ: tooth goÀ˙à, hanÃ-le dÀ goÕ˙à: (a road) extends goghÕÕ dat¯eÀ: toothpaste goÀchöoo, hanÃ-le dÀ goÕchöoo: be pointed goghÕÕ eya: toothache kwöiahn· wechÀ goÀchöoo: wasp goghÕÕ ghàlaedaa d·Î: dentist goÀdà: chin goghÕÕ ‡hdzii: cavity goÀh˙aa: stand of trees in a valley goghÕÕ ‡hjii: cavity goÀkö·: (an area) burn goghÕÕ köaehtaa d·Î: dentist J· goÀkö· ‡lÀ. Here the area was burned. goghÕÕ nadzÀe: tooth filling goÀkwö·Î: jaw goghÕÕ xàlee d·Î, hanÃ-le dÀ goghÕÕ kàlee d·Î: goÀtsöoo, hanÃ-le dÀ goÕchöoo: be pointed dentist kwöiahn· wetsÀ goÀtsöoo: wasp goh¯Ãi, hanÃ-le dÀ goh¯Ãa: robin gogÕh: pig gohsah: niece of a man, nephew of a man gogÕhköa, hanÃ-le dÀ goÕhköa: bacon gohtö·: clothes, movable belongings, gear gogÕhkwÎ: pork gohtö· dawhelaa köÀ: closet gogÕht¯öo: armpit gohtö· dawhelaa t¯öiÃ: clothesline gogÕÕ: new area gohtö· köena˙etsee köÀ: laundromat gogÎh¯‡: be born gohtö· t¯öiÃ: clothesline gogÎh¯‡‡ dzflÈ: day of birth, birthday gohtö· tsöeh¯aa kÎa: closet gogÎ·töà: shoulder-blade gohtö· weyÃi whelaa: dresser gogÎ·töàkwö·Î: shoulder-blade gohtö· yÃi nayehtÀ: put (him/her) back in clothes, gogÎÎ: arm dress (him/her) again gogÎÎ köe whelaa: sleeve bands Gohtö· yÃi nayehtÀ ha. She is going to dress him again. gogha en‡ht¯öÀ hoh¯À: welfare assistance, welfare cheque gohtö·chöiÃ: used clothing gogha godee d·Î: spokesperson gohtö·tsöiÃ: used clothing gogha nàtee: prophet gohts‡: build, construct KÎ gogehts‡. They are building a house. goghagoÀhz·Î: joints of the body 41 gohzÃ: ball go‡nÃ köÀchöa: against our will, angry at, against the mind of gohzÃgoo töà s·nàtsöedÀe kÎ: pool room Go‡nÃ köÀchöa atsöejà. We went against our will. gohzÃxàà: baseball bat EneÀko tsöÎ w‡nÃ köÀchöa. He was angry at the old gohzhÃ: ball man. gohzhÃgoo töà s·nàtsöedÀe kÎ: pool room go‡nÃ köÀÀ-le: be unsatisfied, be frustrated, be thwarted, not having one’s way gohzhÃxàà: baseball bat go‡nÃ köÀtsöa: against our will, angry at, against the goilà, hanÃ-le dÀ go‡là, golà: hand mind of goilà köe ti nÃ‡hke: blister Go‡nÃ köÀtsöa atsöedzà. We went against our will. Silà köe ti nÃ‡ke. A blister festered on my hand. EneÀko tsöÎ w‡nÃ köÀtsöa. He was angry at the old man. goilà köe ti nÃÃt¯öÃ: blisters go‡nÃ nànietÃ: be weary in mind, grieve, feel hand lotion goilàt¯eÀ: burdened, be sorrowful goizÃ, hanÃ-le dÀ go‡zÃ: name go‡nÃ nàtso: have strong faith goizÃ n··de, hanÃ-le dÀ go‡zÃ n··de: surname, last go‡nÃ yÃ‡t¯öii: pimples, acne name go‡nÃhkwÎ: cheeks goizÃl·, hanÃ-le dÀ go‡zÃl·: surname, last name go‡nÃht¯Ãh: wrinkles on the face go‡chfifi: nostril go‡nÃkwö·Î: cheekbones go‡chfihdl‡Í: snot, nasal mucus go‡nÃtÃ: sweat on the face go‡chfihtÃ: runny snot, runny nose go‡nde: older brother, brother go‡chà: (area) is big KÎ go‡chà ha. The building will be big. go‡t¯oa: (area) is flat DÀeköe go‡t¯oa. The ground is flat. go‡chà-lea: (area) is small go‡t¯oÕ, hanÃ-le dÀ got¯oÕ: (area) is slippery, (area) is backbone go‡chÍkwö·Î: smooth, (area) is bare W‡chÍkwö·Î eya. Her back is sore. Ch· ¯· töà t‡li go‡t¯oÕ. The road is slippery because go‡ghÎ: nose it rained a lot. W‡ghÎ tsö· wedoÕ atö‡. He has a nose-bleed. Got¯oÕ anele. Clear it! N‡ghÎ ghata‡ts‡. Blow your nose. go‡tsfifi: nostril go‡ghÎkwö·Î: bridge of the nose go‡tsfihdl‡Í: snot, nasal mucus go‡ghÎyÃi: nasal cavity, in the nose go‡tsfihtÃ: runny snot, runny nose go‡kwöàh: (area) is wet go‡tsà: (area) is big MÎtöa go‡kwöàh agÕjà. It has gotten wet outside. KÎ go‡tsà ha. The building will be big. go‡nii, hanÃ-le dÀ gonii: waist, middle of the body go‡tsà-lea: (area) is small go‡nÃ, hanÃ-le dÀ gonÃ: mind, faith go‡ts‡: nose N‡nÃ köÀÀzh·-le. He doesn’t know your mind. go‡tsÍkwö·Î: backbone go‡nÃ, hanÃ-le dÀ gonÃ: face W‡tsÍkwö·Î eya. Her back is sore. go‡nÃ edaa, hanÃ-le dÀ go‡nÃ endaa: facial twitch go‡zàà: drought, parched area go‡z‡Í: shadow 42 go‡z·: be smart, be wise, be intelligent gokÎÀl‡Í, hanÃ-le dÀ gokÎl‡Í: husband (old word) WekwÃ go‡z·. He is smart. goköa: body fat go‡z·-le: be silly, be confused, be crazy, be retarded goköakàà, hanÃ-le dÀ köakàà: collar of clothing Goehz·-le n·Î. I was crazy. goköà: throat go‡zhàà: drought, parched area goköà eya: sore throat go‡zh‡Í: shadow goköà Íghàa: swollen throat go‡zh·: be smart, be wise, be intelligent goköà tàda: diphtheria, throat disease WekwÃ go‡zh·. He is smart. goköàhchöÃÃ: neck tendons go‡zh·-le: be silly, be confused, be crazy, be retarded goköàhdÀ: uvula Goehzh·-le n·Î. I was crazy. goköàhkaà: neck glands, tonsils goÃdi: business (personal), affairs S‡ siÃdi nÃle. It is not my business. goköàhkwoÕ: large intestine goÃkö·: (fire) started goköàhkwö·Î: Adam’s apple goj·: front of the body goköàhts·Î: front and sides of neck, outer throat area goj·htÀ: apron goköàhtsöÃÃ: neck tendons goka: on top of an area goköeeköÎ: (area) burns, (building) burns gokaà: sore, wound, injury goköeetÍ: sweep an area Hazh·Î goköeehtÍ. I was sweeping everywhere. gokaà köe ¯iÃdzÀe: bandage goköeÀzoh: frost on land gokech‡Í: ankle goköen‡‡köÎ·: burned area gokeÀköÀ: tracks, footprints goköÀÀ: half of the body, part of the body gokeg·Î: toenail d· weköÀÀ e¯à‡woo: partially paralyzed person gokehkwÃ: big toe goköÀÀ e¯aÀwi: have a stroke, be partially paralyzed gokehtà: heel goköÀÃzee: confirmation gokekwö·Î: toe, foot bone goköÀÃzhee: confirmation gokekwöÎfi: toe goköoh: neck gokemÎtsoa: baby toe goköohch‡Í: back of the neck, nape goketöaà: top part of the foot goköohkwö·Î: neck bones goket¯öah: sole of the foot goköohts‡Í: back of the neck, nape gokets‡Í: ankle gokwe: before, formerly, before us gokÀ: foot, foot measure gokwe ÀtöiÃ: first, right before NaÀn· daatsöÎ ‡¯À gokÀ ha‡hdo h·töe. It is twenty- Eyi cheko töaatsö·Î gokwe ÀtöiÃ elà ket¯a z·. That two feet long. boy always climbs into the canoe first. gokÈfl, hanÃ-le dÀ gohkÈfl: family, kinspeople, gokwe whaà: long before our time children gokwed·Î: first of all, before all gokÈfl: area around our feet Eyi cheko töaatsö·Î gokwed·Î elà yÃet¯a z·. That gokÎ: home, our house boy always gets into the canoe first.

43 gokwi: grandchild to a man gokwöÍ: upper arm gokwia: little grandchild to a man gokwöÍliÃ: muscle on upper arm, biceps gokw‡: axe gokwö·Î: bone, leg, corpse Sekwö·Î nÃn‡‡ts·. My legs are tired. gokw‡ Í¯atsöÎ weköà gÎh¯‡‡: double-bladed axe gokwö·Î e¯egha‡˙aa: joints of the body gokw‡ch‡Í: axe handle gokwö·Î tàda: arthritis gokw‡ts‡Í: axe handle gokwöÕ: garbage, waste gokwÃ: head golach‡Í, hanÃ-le dÀ go‡lach‡Í: wrist gokwÃ eya: headache, hangover Thomas welach‡Í nàetÎ. Thomas broke his wrist. gokwÃ eya nàÀdiÃ: aspirin golach‡Í ghagoÀhzh·Î: wrist joint gokwÃ nàtso: be stubborn golach‡Í köe whelaa: bracelet gokwÃchöÃÃ: tendons on the head golag·Î: fingernail gokwÃghà: hair golahchÃ: thumb, inch gokwÃghà köe tsöeh˙··: hairpin, barrette golahkwÃ: index finger gokwÃghà köe whelaa: hairpins, barrettes golahtsÃ: thumb, inch gokwÃghà siÃh˙‡‡ d·Î: hairdresser golakwÎ: palm flesh of the hand gokwÃghÎ: brain golakwö·Î: finger gokwÃkwö·Î: skull golakwö·Îl·: fingertips gokwÃlÀ: dandruff golal·: tip of the hand gokwÃ¯ÕÕ: scalp golamÎtsoa: baby finger gokwÃtöa: top of the head, crown of the head golatÀniÃ: major knuckles of the hand gokwÃts·Î: head oil, dirt on the scalp golatöaà: back of the hand gokwÃtsöÃÃ: tendons on the head golat¯öah: palm of the hand gokwÃwhÕ: scalp removed from the head golats‡Í, hanÃ-le dÀ go‡lach‡Í: wrist gokwo: anus Thomas welats‡Í nàetÎ. Thomas broke his wrist. gokwÎ: flesh, skin golats‡Í ghagoÀhz·Î: wrist joint gokwÎ ˙ÎÎ xà˙a: have chicken pox golats‡Í köe whelaa: bracelet gokwÎ dÀht¯öÀe: bruises golaw·Î: wart gokwÎ ehtöà: be cut on the flesh golà, hanÃ-le dÀ goilà, go‡là: hand gokwÎ ekö‡Í làanÃ: rash on the skin, goosebumps goli: ice, icicles, ice chunks, ice cubes gokwÎ et‡: frostbite goliiwÕ: bladder gokwÎ köe nÃÃt¯öÃi: chicken pox goliÃ: scab gokwÎ tsÍdiÃt¯öÕo: bruises golikwöà: ice scoop gokwÎ xàdaat¯öÕo: bruising golo: urine gokwÎta: all over the body gol·: moose gokwöÀh: sinew along the back 44 gol·hdÃi: ant gondi en‡ht¯öÀ, hanÃ-le dÀ godi en‡ht¯öÀ: story book, newspaper gol·kwÎ: moose meat googho, hanÃ-le dÀ goegho: thick bushes, thicket, go¯ek·: (area) smells good brambles wetöà goyiÃ go¯ek··: air freshener googhoÕ: bubbles, soapsuds gomfi: (area) stinks, (area) smells bad gooköah: file gom·: mother, mom goÕhköa, hanÃ-le dÀ gogÕhköa: bacon gom· whel‡‡: woman who just became a mother goÕhköa t¯eÀ: bacon grease gomÎ·: aunt, stepmother gota: around an area gomba, hanÃ-le dÀ goba: older sister Gom· dech‡ köeet‡ xÀ gota köeet¯o. The mother gombaa, hanÃ-le dÀ gobaa: dawn walked around, waving a stick. gonaaz·: pupil of the eye gotà: father gonabeeghà: eyebrow goteetöà: burp, heartburn gonach‡Í: temples of the head, sinus Seteetöà. I burped. gonageÀ: eyeball gotÃ: daughter gonagoÕ: eyelash gotÃ ·hdaà: oldest daughter gonaht¯öà ghago‡˙àa: tear duct gotÃwh‡Í, hanÃ-le dÀ gotsÀwh‡Í: dragonfly gonakÎÎ: pupil of the eye gotöaan·Î: back area of the body gonakwö·Î: temples of the head gotöààtÃ: body sweat gonaliÃ: eyeball gotö‡Í: people of an area, tribe of, dwellers of SahtÃ gotö‡Í: people of Bear Lake gonatÃ: tears SenatÃ ajà. Tears came to my eyes. gotöoÕkwö·Î, hanÃ-le dÀ gotöohkwö·Î: breastbone, sternum gonats‡Í: temples of the head, sinus gotöÕÕ: breast, milk gonawÕ: eyelid gotöÕÕkwÃa: nipple gonaxeÀ: eye mucus, “sleep” got¯oÕ, hanÃ-le dÀ go‡t¯oÕ: be bare gonÀköe: in our country got¯öa: underneath a place gonii, hanÃ-le dÀ go‡nii: waist, middle of the body got¯öà: bottom, bum, rump, buttocks gonÃ, hanÃ-le dÀ go‡nÃ: mind, faith got¯öàkwÎ: buttocks gonÃ, hanÃ-le dÀ go‡nÃ: face got¯öàkwö·Î: sit bones gonÃ‡ghÕo: valley got¯öàtsö·Î: hip bones gonÃ‡tÎ·: valley got¯öÕÕ: gall bladder gonÍhköà, hanÃ-le dÀ goÍhköà: be hypothermic, have a cold got¯öÕÕ yÃi kwe dehsee: gall-stone S‡Íhköà. I got a cold from being chilled. got¯öÕÕ yÃi kwe dehshee: gall-stone NiÃköah sÎÎ. Be sure you don’t get the chills. gotsàa: grandchild of a woman, daughter-in-law of a gon·kwö·Î: backbone, back woman, son-in-law of a woman gondi, hanÃ-le dÀ godi: story, news 45 gotsÀ: nail gotsöÀke: wife gotsÀ laezÃ: hammer a nail gotsöih˙Î· d·Î: people from our side of the family, offspring gotsÀ laezhÃ: hammer a nail gotsöiÃ: guts, intestines gotsÀa: finishing nail, small nail gotsö‡Í: human spirit gotsÀkwö·Î: tailbone gotsöÃÃ: muscle, tendon, ligament gotsÀlaezÃa: hammer gotsö·: from, since gotsÀlaezhÃa: hammer Ed‡Í gotsö· aahtö‡?: Where are you people from? gotsÀwh‡fi, hanÃ-le dÀ gotÃwh‡Í: dragonfly gotsö·hdzeÀ: dried apples gotsi: younger brother gotsö·htsö·, hanÃ-le dÀ gotsö‡htsö·, gotsöehtsö·: left gots‡: grandmother, mother-in-law side gotsÍfi: penis gotsö·kà: cloudberries gotsÍhta: nasal cavities Gotsö·kà TÃ: Mesa Lake gotsÍtöa: back gotsö·Î: away from an area gotso: ancestors, forebears gotsöÕo: kidney gotsoÕ: (area) is damp gotsöÎ: to, towards, until, for a duration DÀ gotsoÕ. The ground is damp and swampy. Saàg‡fi ch‡ nàke dzflahta gotsöÎ nàÃdÀ. My friend gots·: womb, uterus and I stayed for two weeks. gots·: sleep period (postposition), while sleeping gotsöÎ·hdzÃi: pine cones, spruce cones Edets· nàflflkwöo. You fell while you were sleeping. gotsöÎ·hjÃi: pine cones, spruce cones gots·Î: flank, side of body, rib area gowaliÃ, hanÃ-le dÀ gowariÃ: tongue gots·ÎhgoÕ: diaphragm gowariÃ: windpipe gots·Îkwö·Î: rib bones gowazeÀ: spittle, saliva gotsÎÎ: shit gowà: mouth gotsöabeÀ, hanÃ-le dÀ gotsöambeÀ: forehead gowàdfifi: lips gotsöachÀ: hair bangs gowàetöàa: communion gotsöagoÕ: labrador tea gowàezee: communion gotsöatsÀ: hair bangs gowàezhee: communion gotsöàdii: helper gowàhtöàà: inside of the mouth gotsöeedÃ: be lazy gowàht¯öà: corner of the mouth GotsöeehdÃ. I’m lazy. goweÀ: death gotsöeÀdi: be a miserable situation, be boring, be YeweÀ ehts‡ ha. He is going to make his death/kill messy him. MÎhtöa gotsöeÀdi. It’s awful weather outside. goweÀ: throat, voice, windpipe Segha gotsöeÀdi. I’m not feeling well. WeweÀ nez‡. His voice is nice. gotsöehghoa: sand fly goweÀköÀ: voicebox, larynx gotsöehtsö·, hanÃ-le dÀ gotsö·htsö·: left side 46 gow·Î: wart goyÃiyeewa: take inside (many things) gowÕ: liver goyÃiyehtÀ: take inside (animate object), carry inside (animate object) gowÕ: skin goza: son, child gowÕ eya: abdominal cramps gozaà, hanÃ-le dÀ gozhàa: niece of a woman, goxÀgodo: tell stories nephew of a woman Eyi d·zhÃi Denaatö‡Í köÈÈ gode tsö·˙Î goxÀgodo kÕ wetsöiÃkwöo-le. Because that man speaks gozii, hanÃ-le dÀ goyii: under an area Slavey, when he tells stories we don’t understand. goziÃ, hanÃ-le dÀ goyiÃ: inside a hollow space gox‡, hanÃ-le dÀ k‡, x‡: us, we kÎ goziÃ: inside the house gox·hÕ, hanÃ-le dÀ gox·hoÕ: lover (old word) goziÃ: breathing, breath WeziÃ neköÎfi. His breathing is shallow/weak. goya‡hköà: there is a draft coming in, be drafty gozÃi, hanÃ-le dÀ goyÃi: inside a confining space goye: sister-in-law, brother-in-law gozÃÃ: clothes goye: (area) is itchy gozÍ‡, hanÃ-le dÀ gozhÃi: body, insides goyÀ: testicles, male genitals gozÍ‡töaà: body area inside goyii: under an area goz··: old area goyiÃ, hanÃ-le dÀ gozhiÃ: inside a hollow space SatsÎ goyiÃ whe˙·. The stove is inside (the house). gozha: son, child goy‡Í, hanÃ-le dÀ gozh‡Í: shadow gozhaà, hanÃ-le dÀ gozhàa: niece of a woman, nephew of a woman goyÃet¯a, hanÃ-le dÀ goyiet¯a: go inside (one person) gozhii, hanÃ-le dÀ goyii: under an area goyÃeze: (plural objects) be taken inside gozhiÃ, hanÃ-le dÀ goyiÃ: inside a hollow space goyÃezhe: (plural objects) be taken inside kÎ gozhiÃ: inside the house goyÃi, hanÃ-le dÀ gozhÃi: inside a confining space gozhiÃ: breathing, breath goyÃi s·nàtsöedÀe köÀ: gym, arena WezhiÃ neköÎfi. His breathing is shallow/weak. goyÃiyee˙ah: take inside (cloth object) gozhÃi, hanÃ-le dÀ goyÃi: inside a confining space goyÃiyeechi: take inside (chunky object) gozhÃÃ: clothes goyÃiyeedi: take (her/him) inside, lead (her/him) by gozhÍ‡, hanÃ-le dÀ gozhÃi: body, insides the hand gozhÍ‡töaà: body area inside YahtikÎ goyÃiyeedi. She is leading her into the church. gozh··: old area goyÃiyeehxe: take inside (heavy object) G·fih TÃ: Sarah Lake goyÃiyeeka: take inside (plateful) g··wà: be distant Detö·cho g··wà tsö· töasÃi ghàeda. Eagles see goyÃiyeele: take inside (plural objects) things from a distance. goyÃiyeet‡: take inside (rigid object) gidzeÀ yÃi g··wà: deep down in their hearts goyÃiyeetsi: push inside (heavy object) g·Î: jack pine goyÃiyeetsi: take inside (chunky object) gÕ˙·: be situated Yee kÎfi gÕ˙·. There is a shack there. gÕa: rice 47 gÕdaatö‡‡: beautiful place gÎh: fireweed gÕetö‡: family, relatives, cousins gÎh¯‡: exist, be, have SÀetö‡ h‡ ek·Î nàgedÀ. My relatives live there too. Detö· wiizÃi gÎh¯‡-le. There are no ducks around. AsÍÍ n‡nde gÎh¯‡?: Do you have any brothers? gÕgwo: rattle gÎÎmbàa: sleeve gÕh˙·: have a place, keep a place Ek·Î sÃi dech‡kÎ gogÀh˙· ‡lÀ. There, people had gÎÎmbàa dfifi: cuffs log houses. gÎÎmbàa-lea, hanÃ-le dÀ bààlea: vest gÕhtsitöÀ, hanÃ-le dÀ gÕhchitöÀ: red-winged blackbird gÕ‡˙à: was the situation, the way it was HanÃ gÕ‡˙à. That was the way things used to be. gÕkÎ: (area) is warm GÕkÎ agodaade. The weather is getting warm. T¯‡ch· kãÈÈ gÕkÎ dÃÀ: (area) is hot gÕköÕ: (area) is cold, (area) is chilly To n‡dÀ gÕköÕ agotöÍ. It gets chilly at night. gÕla: (areas) are situated gh Nà˙edÃi kÎ ¯· gÕla. There are lots of stores. gha, hanÃ-le dÀ ha: in order to happening, taking place gÕlÀ: Setà kawÀehs‡ gha nat·m·ehja. I ran back to tell Gobaa gÕlÀ. Early dawn is coming. my father. burned forest area gÕlo: -ghàà: throughout a given time GÕlo TÃ: Saddle Lake ‡mbÀ ghàà: throughout the summer dzfl ghàà: all day GÕlo TÃ DeÀ: Marian River ghoÕle, hanÃ-le dÀ woÕle, wiÃle: coney, inconnu gÕloà: type of flying insect -gh· nÃ‡˙·, hanÃ-le dÀ nÃ‡˙·: Expression for telling the gÕlooköe: burned forest area time, o’clock, arrive at a time gÕm·fi: butterfly nàke gh· nÃ‡˙·: two o’clock What time is it? gÕo: worm, insect, bug, snake Dàt¯· gh· nÃ‡˙·?: gÕo nechàa: snake gÕo netsàa: snake gÕo töà eyael‡: cancer T¯‡ch· kãÈÈ gÕocho: snake gÕotso: snake -gÕÕ: new, fresh, young gw LidÃgÕÕ whihts‡. I made fresh tea. töeekoagÕÕ: fresh young girl -gwÃa: small particles of, crumbs of ch·gwÃa: light showers of rain gÕtöiÃ: leech, snake -gwÃi: particles of, crumbs of gÕz·: meadow, prairie ¯ÀtöÀgwÃi: bannock crumbs tsogwÃi: sawdust 48 hagÕyeh: (area) is called that WhatÃ hagÕyeh. It is called ‘Whati’. T¯‡ch· kãÈÈ ha‡hcho, hanÃ-le dÀ ka‡hcho: be that big ha‡hdo, hanÃ-le dÀ ka‡hdo: be that long NaÀn· daatsöÎ ‡¯À gokÀ ha‡hdo h·töe. It is twenty- one feet long. ha, hanÃ-le dÀ gha: in order to h ha‡htso, hanÃ-le dÀ ka‡hcho: be that big ha: Future Tense, be going to ha‡htsoa, hanÃ-le dÀ ka‡htsoa: be that small Nez‡ ha. It is going to be good. ha‡htsöÍfi: be that few, be that little ha-, hanÃ-le dÀ ka-, ekàa-: that way (prefix), thus En‡ht¯öÀ ha‡htsöÍfi whela. There are only so few (prefix) pages. ha, hanÃ-le dÀ weka: for, searching for (postposition) Ha‡htsöÍfi?: Is that all? So little? Sah ha kö‡‡töÍ. Look around for bears. ha‡hwha tsöÎ, hanÃ-le dÀ ka‡hwha tsöÎ: for as long as ha dÃÀ, hanÃ-le dÀ xa dÃÀ, ha dÃÃ: not possible, ¤¯À dzflahta ha‡hwha tsöÎ hozÃi köÀ ekwÎ ha cannot, be unable to nàgedÀ. They go to the barrenlands for caribou for NàÀdi ehdÀ töà shÀht‡ ha dÃÀ. Because I’m taking as long as a week. pills I can’t eat. ha‡waà, hanÃ-le dÀ ka‡waà: be that long, be that far ha dÃÃ-le: possible, can, be able to hanà‡htso, hanÃ-le dÀ kanàn‡htso: be that strong ShÀht‡ ha dÃÃ-le. I am able to eat. t¯‡cho naÀn· kanàn‡htso: twenty horsepower ha ‡lÀ: Future Tense + Past Tense, should have, was hanÃ, hanÃ-le dÀ kanÃ: like that, thus, that way supposed to Dii hanÃ ah¯à. I did it like this. SekÎ goköeehtÍ ha ‡lÀ. I was supposed to be sweeping my house. hanÃ z·, hanÃ-le dÀ kanÃ z·: only like that, only that way haàa, hanÃ-le dÀ hfiËfi: Expression asking for agreement or comment, isn’t that so? hanÃ-ÀtöiÃ, hanÃ-le dÀ kanÃ-ÀtöiÃ: right then, immediately hadi, hanÃ-le dÀ kadi: say that, tell that, ask that HanÃ-ÀtöiÃ yee köach‡ nàeda ajà. Right then, it Eyi sah sÃi dzfl niw·-le hadi. That bear said he started to move again over there. didn’t want daylight. hanÃhÕ, hanÃ-le dÀ kanÃkÕ, hanÃkÕ: but, though hadi adi: mean to be saying Hadi adi. That is what he means. hanÃhÕ, hanÃ-le dÀ hanÃkÕ, kanÃkÕ: Exclamation, it doesn’t matter haehs‡: I say so hanÃ‡dÀ, hanÃ-le dÀ kanÃ‡dÀ: so that, in that case haehxe, hanÃ-le dÀ kaehxe: so soon BÕ ¯o köe ageh˙‡, hanÃ‡dÀ tsöo weköe atö‡-le. They Haehxe j· nàwh‡t¯a n·Î!: You have come here so put the meat on the smoke so that the flies don’t soon! get on it. haÀt¯·, hanÃ-le dÀ kaÀt¯·: that many, that much hanÃ-le, hanÃ-le dÀ kanÃ-le: not like that d· haÀt¯·: that many people hanÃ-le dÀ, hanÃ-le dÀ kanÃ-le dÀ: or, if not that hagode: happen that way eyÀ eköÀd‡ hanÃ-le dÀ eyÀ hoÕn·: eight or ten eggs EkÕ ‡˙Í‡ töa wexÀ hagÕjà-le. But with the other one it didn’t happen like that. hatö‡, hanÃ-le dÀ katö‡: doing that hagotö‡: happening that way hatsÎ, hanÃ-le dÀ satsÎ: metal, iron, stove AsÃi ¯· hagotö‡. Lots of things are happening. hatsöÎbe tsöÕÕ: Hudson Bay blanket 49 hawe: (situation) coming this way hodàet¯e: going down (one person) WedzflÈ j· hawe. Her birthday is coming this way. hodàet¯öÃ: fall down (liquid or many objects) hawÀehs‡, hanÃ-le dÀ kawÀehs‡: I tell (him/her) that, I TöasÃi hodàet¯öÃ sÎÎ. Make sure things do not fall ask (him/her) that down. zhah hodàet¯öÕo: avalanche hayele, hanÃ-le dÀ kayele: do so, affect in that way hodàezi: slide down hayÀhdi, hanÃ-le dÀ kayÀhdi: tell (him/her) that, ask Are you going to slide down? (him/her) that AsÍÍ hodà‡zi ha?: Hodàèzoh. He slid down. S‡ hasÀhdi-le. She didn’t ask me that. Hod·deedzoh. He is tobogganing, sliding down haz·Î: all, everyone, everywhere again and again. haz·Î nÀköe: world, earth hodàÀhkeh: be fallen down (heavy object) Haz·Î nÀköe tsö· done edeyatiÃ gh·nigeÀt· Köikwöà hodàÀhkeh xÀ, wedÀ köikwöà t¯öa wheda h·töe. People all over the world cherish their own n·Î. With the birch basket fallen down, her language. younger sister sat under the basket. haz·Î töasÃi: everything hodàgoÀ˙à: be sloping haz·Î töà: in all, altogether hodàyeehxà: throw down Haz·Î töà s‡làtsöeetöe. In all there are five of us. Hodàyeehxà gà tsöeh¯‡ làatö‡. He throws him down hazh·Î: all, everyone, everywhere and he shakes. hazh·Î nÀköe: world, earth hodàyeelÃ: pull down Hazh·Î nÀköe tsö· done edeyatiÃ gh·nigeÀt· Tsö·Îko wed·Î ezeh n·Î, hanÃ dech‡ gee h·töe. People all over the world cherish their own hodàyeÀli. The old woman heard her husband language. calling, and so she pulled him down between the sticks. hazh·Î töasÃi: everything hoehnÀ: win hazh·Î töà: in all, altogether Töaa hoehnÀe sÃi z· nà˙edlÕ. Only the one who is Hazh·Î töà s‡làtsöeetöe. In all there are five of us. winning smiles. hà-, hanÃ-le dÀ kà-, xà-: out (prefix) AmÃi hoÀhn·?: Who won? Hàt¯öodeÀ: Hay River hoe¯‡‡: sin (noun) hfl˙fl: Expression of agreement or understanding, yes hoe¯‡‡ d·Î: sinner Hfl˙fl n·Î. I see. hoe¯‡‡ ehts‡: sin (verb) hfl˙fl niw·: be agreeable Hoe¯‡‡ whihts‡. I have sinned. hi: and hoewi: (time) is spent, (time) is used up Dzfl hoewi ha. The day will be spent. h‡, hanÃ-le dÀ h‡Í: too, as well, and, both dzfl h··woo: the end of a day/a spent day sed·Î s‡ h‡: my husband and I hoezÃ: be hard situation hodàdeewì: fall down NàzÀ ha wegha hoezÃ. Hunting is hard for him. whÎ hodàdeÀwÕo: fallen star Köom·Îd·Î niÀht¯a ha segha hoezÃ. It’s hard for hodàe˙à: travel down (animals) me to get up in the morning. T¯‡cho hodàÀh˙a. The horses came down (the hill). hoezhÃ: be hard situation hodàekÀ: fall down (heavy object) NàzÀ ha wegha hoezhÃ. Hunting is hard for him. TV hodàÀhkeh. The TV has fallen down. Köom·Îd·Î niÀht¯a ha segha hoezhÃ. It’s hard for me to get up in the morning.

50 hoÀhdzà: try to do hoÕn· daatsöÎ ¯·Ît·: nineteen Behch‡Í köÀdÃi ha hoÀhdzà. She is trying to drive. hoÕn· daatsöÎ ¯Îhd‡: seventeen -hoÀyÍ‡: anyone at all hoÕn· daatsöÎ nàke: twelve D· hoÀyÍ‡ yegha eghàla‡dà. Anybody at all worked for him. hoÕn· daatsöÎ s‡lài: fifteen Sem· jÃe hoÀyÍ‡ edÀ. My mother eats any kind of hoÕn· daatsöÎ tai: thirteen berries at all. HoteÀdà, hanÃ-le dÀ XoteÀdà: Inuit people hoghàdeet·: learn, teach oneself hoteh: portage hoghàet·· kÎ: classroom hotii, hanÃ-le dÀ hotie: well, careful, healthy, sure, education hoghàgoet··: exact hoghàyeeht·: teach AsÍÍ hotii eda?: Is he well? Hoghàs‡‡ht· ha nÃ?: Are you going to teach me? hotii eda-le: be pregnant, be not well hoh¯À: be made, be built hotii niw·: be careful, be meticulous, be prudent Nàs‡ hoh¯À ha. A feast is going to be made. Eyi kÎ dech‡kàà töà hÕÀl‡. That house was built of hotii ·töe: be well-behaved, be patient lumber hotii wheda: be on the alert hohts‡: organize an event, prepare for an event hotiÃ: very, just, nicely BehchokÎ dzfldeÀ hoh¯À n‡dÀ, nàs‡ hogehts‡. In HotiÃ netsöÎ gohnde ha ‡lÀ, phone dÀlÃ. I was just Rae when there is a “big day”, they organize a going to call you when the phone rang. feast. AmÃi nàs‡ hÕÀhts‡?: Who organized the feast? hotsöÃ: lie, tell a lie HohtsöÃ. I’m lying. ho‡z‡: be a nice situation, be pleasant hozÃi: barrenlands hoÃla, hanÃ-le dÀ horÃla: be a terrible situation, be troubling, be bad times HozÃi DeÀ: Emile River HÕt¯öÕ wegha hoÃla. Things are hard for him. hozÃi edzie: muskox hoköÀez·, hanÃ-le dÀ hoköÀÀzh·: know an area hozÃi ejie: muskox Eded‡ z· hoköÀez·. Only he knows the country. hozÃi ekwÎ: barrenland caribou hoköÀezh·, hanÃ-le dÀ hoköÀÀzh·: know an area hozÃi godziÀ: buffalo Eded‡ z· hoköÀezh·. Only he knows the country. hozÃi gojiÀ: buffalo hol·Î: all over the place, the long way Hol·Î nàwheht¯a. I went all over the place getting hozÃi sÃa: low treeless hill there. hozÃi shÃa: low treeless hill HomÍtÃ: Gordon Lake h·töe, hanÃ-le dÀ ·töe: be hondi, hanÃ-le dÀ godi: story NÎgha wechÀ nedÀ h·töe. Wolverine’s tail is long. TsöÀwh‡fi anetöe. Be quiet! hoÕ: Expression to get people moving, let’s go! h·töÃi: all hoÕn·: ten H·töÃi segha‡wa. Give them all to me. hoÕn· daatsöÎ d‡: fourteen hÕ, hanÃ-le dÀ kÕ: although, but, even, when (in the hoÕn· daatsöÎ eköÀd‡: eighteen past), while (in the past) hoÕn· daatsöÎ eköÀtai: sixteen Eyael‡ hÕ ‡¯aà nàtso. Although he is sick, he is still strong. hoÕn· daatsöÎ ‡¯À: eleven En‡ht¯öÀkÎ enÃ‡t· hÕ goyÃeht¯a ha. The school is closed, but I am going to go inside. 51 hÕ: Expression of an easy-going attitude, let it be!, no ‡daà: future, ahead, beyond matter! ‡daà dzflahta: next week K‡whfiË agetö‡-le hÕ. It does not matter if they are ¤daà nàke dzfl n‡dÀ dagowo ha. In two days ahead not hurrying. of now, there will be a dance. Zhah atö‡ hÕ!: Let it snow. Done t¯‡ töà ‡daà tsöÎ geedÀ. People go out with dogs. hÕ˙·: (situation) exists HanÃ hÕ˙· ha dÃÀ. Things cannot be that way. ‡daà eetà: step forward TöasÃi hÕ˙·-le. There is nothing around. ‡dÀe: back, rear, behind hÕtöa, hanÃ-le dÀ kÕtöa: already, enough, done Yaàzea ‡dÀe nàwo. He stood back a little. HÕtöa whaà sinÃeht¯a. I have already been ready for ¤dÀe wheda. He is in the rear/last. a long time. ‡dii: past, last HÕtöa!: That’s enough! ‡dii dzflahta: last week hÕt¯öÕ: loud, hard, much ‡dii nàke xoo gotsö·: for the past two years HÕt¯öÕ eghàlaeda dÃÀ. She works really hard. ‡dÃ: in the past HÕt¯öÕ gode. He talks loud. ¤dÃ nàke xoo e¯etsöaàdÃ. We had a meeting two hÕt¯öÕ eyael‡: be seriously ill years ago. ‡dÃ whaà: ancient times, a long time ago ¤dÃ whaà kÕ gocho köÍ töà ageatöÍ. A long time ago, our forefathers used arrows. T¯‡ch· kãÈÈ ‡dÃ whaà-le: recently ‡dÕo: up ¤dÕo nànetÎ. Hold it up. idzi: hand game, object hidden in the hand while ¤dÕo niy‡ÍhxÀ. He lifted it up. playing the hand gamei ‡dÕo dahkÎ: attic, upstairs iÃkwöo: understand, listen ‡dÕo yeede: crank up ¤Íkwöo nÃ?: Do you understand? wetöà behch‡Í ‡dÕo tsöeedee: jack for cars IlabÀ TÃ: Elizabeth Lake ‡ghàà: fast, quick ‡˙Í‡: this other one ¤ghàà eghàlatsöeeda. We are working fast. EkÕ ‡˙Í‡ töa wexÀ hagÕjà-le. But with the other one ‡ghàà niw·: be in a hurry it didn’t happen like that. ¤ghàà nflflw· nÃ?: Are you in a hurry? ‡˙ÎÎ: aside, next to, elsewhere ‡ghÍfi, hanÃ-le dÀ ‡yÍfi: be round ‡˙ÎÎ kÎfi: next room metal hide scraper D· kwe ‡˙ÎÎ ayÍlà. The man put the rock aside. ‡ghoh: ¤˙ÎÎ anetö‡. Do it elsewhere. Go somewhere else. ‡ghoÕ: rough surface ‡chÍ: rosehip ‡gh·: growl, snarl The dog is growling because he ‡chÍghoÕ: thorn, rosebush T¯‡ ÃchöÀ töà ‡gh·. is mad. ‡daa: over the fire right here, within reach ¤daa bÕ etöÀ. There is meat roasting over the fire. ‡ghÎ: Sit right here. ¤daa tso kwiÃ‡wa. Put wood on the fire. J· ‡ghÎ wheneda. ‡h˙àh: snowshoe strap ‡h˙àht¯öiÃ: snowshoe strap

52 ‡hchà, hanÃ-le dÀ ˙echà: slip, lingerie ‡kö·Î z‡Í: medicine song ‡hch‡Í: tree stump in the ground ‡kö·Î zh‡Í: medicine song ‡hdaa: jackfish ‡kwà: be dry to the taste Tabàa nÃg‡‡töa ÀtöiÃ, eneÀko ‡hdaa edeÀhts‡. As BÕ ‡kwà. The meat is dry. soon as they arrived at the shore, the old man ‡kweÀ: prow of a boat turned himself into a jackfish. ‡kwÀe: out in the lake ¤hdaa TÃ: Stagg Lake ‡kwÈfl: offshore, towards the barrenlands ¤hdaaköÀ TÃ: Marion Lake ‡kwÈfl gotsöÎ: towards the barrenlands ‡hd··: red or yellow berry that grows on rocks, ‡kwÈfl t¯öËfi: down by the shore kinnikinnik ¤kwÈfl gotsö· nawhehtsöi. It is blowing from the barren lands. ‡hdzi: be rotten goghÕÕ ‡hdzii: cavity in the tooth ‡kwöàh: be wet, be soaked tso ‡hdzii: rotten wood ‡kwö·, hanÃ-le dÀ ‡kwö·fi: skinny ‡hji: be rotten ‡kwö·so: tall and skinny goghÕÕ ‡hjii: cavity in the tooth ejalibÕ ‡kwö·so: tall and skinny glass tso ‡hjii: rotten wood ‡lÀ: used to, used to be, Past Tense marker ‡hköÀ, hanÃ-le dÀ ·hköÀ: sometimes BehchokÎ yahti ‡lÀ ne. He used to be priest in Rae. ‡h¯‡Í, hanÃ-le dÀ eh¯‡Í: quietly, slowly Nez‡ ha ‡lÀ. It should have been good. ‡h¯‡Í wheda: stay still, sit quietly ‡li: hail, hailstone ‡h¯Ífi, hanÃ-le dÀ eh¯Ífi: quietly, slowly ‡¯aà: still, yet ¤h¯Ífi ha‡di. Say it quietly. ¤¯aà kah¯a-le. I haven’t done it yet. ‡h¯Ífi hadi: whisper ‡¯aà-le: not yet ‡htÍ, hanÃ-le dÀ ‡tÍ: bow ‡¯àanàtsöewoo: suit of clothing, one-piece suit ‡htÍt¯öiÃ, hanÃ-le dÀ ‡tÍt¯öiÃ: bowstring ‡¯àatsöeÀzaa: suits of clothing ‡htöe: raw, uncooked, naked ‡¯àatsöeÀzhaa: suits of clothing ‡htöe tsöedÀe: vegetables ‡¯àà: once bÕ ‡htöe: raw meat ¤¯àà sezha teekwöo ‡lÀ. Once my son fell in the He is sitting naked. ¤htöe edfl wheda. water. ‡htsà, hanÃ-le dÀ ˙echà: slip, lingerie ¤¯àà z· dàgoÀ˙· anele. Fill it up only once. ‡hts‡Í: tree stump in the ground ‡¯àetöee: be only one wezha ‡¯àetöee: his only son ‡hts·: smell rotten ‡¯À: one, a ‡htsö·: left side, left-handed godi ‡¯À: one story ¤htsö· tsö· lidÃ ehd·. I’m drinking tea left-handed/ from the left side. ‡¯À lemÃ: thousand ¤htsö·tso TÃ: Margaret Lake ‡¯À lemÃiy·Î: million ‡kö·Î: medicine power ‡¯Àahtöaà: once, one at a time ¤kö·Î gha dageehke. They asked for medicine ‡¯ÀlakwöiÀn·, hanÃ-le dÀ ‡¯ÀakwöeÀn·: hundred power. ‡kö·Î el‡‡: medicine person 53 ‡¯Èfl: one of ¤tsöÀ DiÃ: Big Island in the Hottah Lake area Sezha ‡¯Èfl ayele ha. One of my sons will do it. ¤tsöÀetÃ: Hottah Lake ‡mÎ·: snare support stick ‡whfiË, hanÃ-le dÀ k‡whfiË, h‡whfiË: quick, fast, early ‡mbÀ: summer ¤whfiË nà˙eeli-le. She doesn’t sew fast. ¤whfiË nitsöÃt¯a n‡dÀ nez‡. It is good to get up early. ‡mbÀ tani: midsummer ‡whfiË niw·: be in a hurry, be anxious ‡nàà, hanÃ-le dÀ ‡ndàà: far across ‡whfiË niw·-le: be patient, take one’s time ‡nÈfl: in the past, before in time ‡xÈfl: yesterday ‡nÃ: spirit ‡xÈfl xÀhtsöÎ: yesterday evening ‡nÃ¯‡‡, hanÃ-le dÀ ‡nÃ¯‡ni: evil spirit ‡y‡Í, hanÃ-le dÀ ‡yÍ‡: this one ‡nÎÎ: across water ¤y‡Í d· laahtö‡-le. I’m not like this man. ¤nÎÎ nÃg‡‡˙e. They arrived on the other side of the be round lake. ‡yÍfi, hanÃ-le dÀ ‡ghÍfi: ‡ze: melting snow, slush ‡ndàà, hanÃ-le dÀ ‡nàà: far across, far ahead, far away ‡ze köe: thaw season ¤ndààkÎ: Fort Resolution ‡ze t¯Õo: soft slush ‡te: cross-piece of boat ‡ziÃ: down E¯edÀke ‡ziÃ deh tsöÎ geÀ˙a. The sisters started ‡tö·fi: be flat walking down to the river. ‡tö·n‡fi: be very thin and flat ‡ziÃ n‡Íl‡: flow down, downstream NÎhts‡ ¯ÀtöÀ ‡tö·n‡fi. The communion host is very thin and flat. ‡zhiÃ: down E¯edÀke ‡zhiÃ deh tsöÎ geÀ˙a. The sisters started ‡töÎ: leaf, green walking down to the river. ‡töÎ làanÃ: green ‡zhiÃ n‡Íl‡: flow down, downstream ¤töÎ TÃ: Norris Lake ÃchöÀ: be angry, be mad ‡töÎfi: leaf, leafy stuff, green Ãhka: become dawn, daybreak ¤töÎfih TÃ: Hardisty Lake Ãh¯À: become, get to be ‡töÎchàa: flower ‹hdah Ãh¯À ha. He will become an elder. ‡töÎchàach‡Í: stem of the flower ÃtsöÀ: be angry, be mad ‡töÎcho: lettuce, cabbage Íghà: be swollen ‡töÎgÕÕ: caterpillar Íghàa: swelling, swollen ‡töÎtsàa: flower Íhköaa, hanÃ-le dÀ Íhköaye: gray jay, whiskey jack ‡töÎtsàats‡Í: stem of the flower ÍhköadzÃÃ: bearberries ‡töÎtso: lettuce, cabbage ÍhköajÃÃ: bearberries ‡t¯Õa: be soft, be smooth Íh¯‡, hanÃ-le dÀ Àh¯‡: instead, in a position ‡t¯öÎ: cranberry unexpectedly ‡tsÍ: rosehip Íht¯öayeÀ: ashes whirling around the fire ‡tsÍghoÕ: thorn, rosebush ÍÍzael‡, hanÃ-le dÀ ÀÀzhael‡: be shy, be ashamed, be embarrassed 54 ÍÍzhael‡, hanÃ-le dÀ ÀÀzhael‡: be shy, be ashamed, be jÃe ebe, hanÃ-le dÀ jÃe embe: pick berries embarrassed JÃe ehbe. I am picking berries. Íle: no, Expression of disagreement jÃechàa: jam Âle tsö‡‡w·. We disagree. jÃecho: fruit, prune, apple Í¯ah: both jÃeköoÕ, hanÃ-le dÀ jÃeköoo: orange fruit, orange colour Gizha nàke, Í¯ah tsöÀko ag‡töe. He has two children; they are both women. jÃeköoÕ làanÃ: orange colour Â¯ah setsö· ne. They are both mine. jÃeköoÕ tÃ: orange pop, juice KÎ Í¯ah go‡chà-le dÃÀ. The houses are both too small. jÃetÃ: wine, homebrew, booze Í¯aköaà, hanÃ-le dÀ a¯aköaà: each one of two jÃetÃ gha eja libÕ: chalice Sechia nàke Í¯aköaà t¯‡fi gitsö·. My two little jÃewà: blueberry, purple brothers each have a puppy. jÃh: fishhook ÍwhÎ: be numb jÃht¯öiÃ nedÀe: long fishhook string Sedzaà ÍwhÎ. My leg is numb. jÃht¯öiÃ neköÎfi: short fishing line, leader (fishing line) j·: here j·htÀ: apron

T¯‡ch· kãÈÈ

j T¯‡ch· kãÈÈ jiegÀ: joker in cards jih: mitt ka-, hanÃ-le dÀ ha-: that way (prefix), thus (prefix) jih neköÎﬁ, hanÃ-le dÀ jihköÎﬁ: short mitts to the wrist KanÃ d· dii nÀköek nà‡dÀ. That was how the people jihbàa: mitts to the wrist lived on this land. jihcho: big mitts kadi: say that, ask that, tell that Geke xÀ jihcho töàagetö‡. They sat with their big kaÀt¯·, hanÃ-le dÀ haàt¯·: that much, that many mitts on. KaÀt¯· gighoÕ làanÃ gigoatö‡-le. They don’t look like jihtöaà: duffel inside mitts they are that old. jiht¯öiÃ: string for mitts kaniw·, hanÃ-le dÀ haniw·: think that way Kag‡‡w·. They think so. JiÃhtÃ: Reid Lake kanÃ, hanÃ-le dÀ hanÃ: like that, that way jÃa: raisin Segha kanÃ nehts‡. Make some like that for me. jÃe: berry kanÃkÕ, hanÃ-le dÀ hanÃkÕ: but, though jÃe deköoo, hanÃ-le dÀ jÃe deköoa: redcurrant, cherry kaobokÀ: cowboy boots jÃe diÃdÃi: ripe berries jÃe diÃdÃ-le: unripe berries 55 kawÀehs‡, hanÃ-le dÀ hawÀehs‡: I tell (him/her) that, I kà‡tsÕ, hanÃ-le dÀ xà‡tsÕ: have a lump or bump ask (him/her) that wech‡kwö·Î kà‡tsÕo: humpback Sah˙·· tsöa˙‡ ekÕ setà kawÀehs‡ ha nat·m·ehja. DÀ kàgo‡tsÕ. The land has a rise on it. When we saw the bear’s den, I ran back to tell my kàn‡‡˙a: be from (his/her) perspective, think father. Kànetsö‡‡˙a. That is our perspective. kayele, hanÃ-le dÀ hayele: do that to (him/her/it) kàta‡˙àa: mouth of a river, widening of a river Kah¯à-le wÀn‡di. Tell her I didn’t do that. kàt‡m·eda, hanÃ-le dÀ xàt‡m·eda, xàt·m·eda: run say that to (him/her/it), kayÀhdi, hanÃ-le dÀ hayÀhdi: out (one person) tell (him/her/it) that AmÃi kanÀhdi?: Who told you that? kàtöà, hanÃ-le dÀ xàtöà: be taken out, be cut out WeghÕÕ kàtöà ha. Her tooth will be taken out. kà-, hanÃ-le dÀ hà-, xà-: out (prefix) kàyeechi, hanÃ-le dÀ xàyeechi: take out (single different types, kà˙aa, hanÃ-le dÀ hà˙aa, xà˙aa: object) various Dech‡kàà ejaköÀ kàechi ha. He will take out the different types of berries jÃe kà˙aa: board from the window. kà˙ah, hanÃ-le dÀ xà˙ah: come up (chunky object), kàyeetsi, hanÃ-le dÀ xàyeechi: take out (single come out (chunky object) object) Sa kà˙ah kwe nigÍde. They get up before sunrise. Dets‡kàà edzaköÀ kàetsi ha. He will take out the The sun is coming up. Sa kàe˙a. board from the window. Sa kà‡˙·. The sun has come up. kàyehde, hanÃ-le dÀ xàyehde: bite, take a bite out of kàdeewÃ, hanÃ-le dÀ xàdeewÃ: fall out of an enclosure t¯‡ kày‡‡hdoo köÀ: dog bite (single object), come out at birth (single object) KàdeÀwÕ. He fell out. kàyehdlà, hanÃ-le dÀ xàyehdlà: pull out kàedÀ, hanÃ-le dÀ xàedÀ: come out (plural objects), kàyeht¯öÃ, hanÃ-le dÀ xàyeht¯öÃ: throw out (many go out (plural objects) things), spill (it) out (liquid) D· yahtikÎ gotsö· kàedÀ ha. People will be kàyele, hanÃ-le dÀ xàyele: take out (plural objects) coming out of the church. goghÕÕ kàlee d·Î: dentist Ti töà kàgeedÀ. They are going out to urinate. TsöihdÃi kà‡de. The ants have come out. kàyenÍ‡laa, hanÃ-le dÀ xàyenÍ‡laa, xàgonÍ‡laa: towns, communities, cities kàeh˙à, hanÃ-le dÀ xàeh˙à: come out (many creatures), creep out (many creatures) kàyetsöÕ, hanÃ-le dÀ xàyetsöÕ: scratch TsöihdÃi kàeh˙à. Ants are creeping out. kàze: be taken out (plural things) kàekwöi, hanÃ-le dÀ xàekwöi: fall out (single object) WeghÕÕ kàze ha. Some of her teeth will be taken out. kàet¯a, hanÃ-le dÀ xàet¯a, hàet¯a: come out (one person), go out (one person) kàzhe: be taken out (plural things) WeghÕÕ kàzhe ha. Some of her teeth will be taken kàet¯öÃ, hanÃ-le dÀ xàet¯öÃ: fall out (plural objects), pour out. out (liquid or powder) Ti kàet¯öÃ. Water is pouring out. -ke: suffix for two or more people e¯ed·Îke: married couple kàgoÀlaa, hanÃ-le dÀ xàgoÀlaa: towns, communities e¯edÀke: sisters kàgotsöÕ: dig with claws/nails, scratch out of the ke: moccasin, slipper, shoe earth T¯‡ dÀ kàgotsöÕ. The dog is digging the earth.

56 ke xàtà, hanÃ-le dÀ ke kàtà: take off shoes, step out kÀgaatö‡, hanÃ-le dÀ xÀgaatö‡: be visible, have of shoes visibility Chekoa kegÕÕ xàgetà ha-le. The kids are not Wen‡‡dàà kÀgaatö‡-le. One can’t see through it. going to take off the new shoes. Nez‡Í segha xÀgaatö‡. I have good visibility. TatsÎ dekÀ xà‡ta xÀ, tsöÀko nà‡‡hköa. The raven kÀhoÀhwhi, hanÃ-le dÀ kÀhoÍhwho: start a situation took off his shoes and hit the woman. (one person) kechfifi nawhetöii: moccasin decorative border KÀhoÍhwho. He started it. kechfifitöii: stroud, stroud on mocassins kÀhoÀwi, hanÃ-le dÀ xÀhoÀwi: (situation) start En‡ht¯öÀkÎ xÀhoÀwi ha. School will start. kech‡Í eghàgoÀzh·Î: ankle joint kÀhotsöeÀhdÀ: start a situation (many actors) kech‡Íhk·: moccasin flap for wrapping the ankle KÀhogeÀhdÀ ha. They are going to start it. kech‡Íhk· whÃle: moccasins without flaps, slippers KÀhotsö‡Íhde. We started it. kech‡Íht¯öiÃ, hanÃ-le dÀ kech·Îht¯öiÃ: moccasin strings, kiÃhta: duffel, liners for boots shoelace kiÃhtacho: duffel material kedfifi, hanÃ-le dÀ kedane: moccasin trim kiÃhtatso: duffel material Kedane gha tsàwÕ nez‡. Beaver fur is nice for moccasin trim. kiÃhtatsöÕÕ: Hudson Bay blanket kedfl: without shoes, barefoot kiÃla, hanÃ-le dÀ hoÃla: be terrible situation, be troubling, be hard times kehdlo: rabbit caught in a snare by the feet k‡: we, us kehoehdi, hanÃ-le dÀ kexoehdi: watch out for a situation, be careful k‡dà-, hanÃ-le dÀ hodà-: coming down (prefix) Keho‡hdi. Be careful! k‡dàekwöih, hanÃ-le dÀ hodàekwöih: fall down (single kehtà goÀchöoa: high heels object) Kwe k‡dàekwöih ha. The rock is going to fall down. kehtà goÀtsöoa: high heels k‡dàet¯a, hanÃ-le dÀ hodàet¯a: come down (one keköÀÀ: one shoe or moccasin from a pair person), go down (one person) KeköÀÀ whÃle. One shoe is missing. k‡dàet¯e: coming down (one person), going down kenadÃ, hanÃ-le dÀ xenadÃ: recall a situation, (one person) remember K‡dà‡t¯e!: Come down! NetsÀe köakwe whaà kenadÃ töà etse. Your grandfather is crying because he’s recalling times k‡dàet¯öÃ, hanÃ-le dÀ hodàet¯öÃ: fall down (plural long ago. objects, liquid or powder) KenatsöedÃi DzflÈ: Remembrance Day k‡nde, hanÃ-le dÀ s‡nde: my older brother, my older cousin ketöa: moccasin upper k‡whfiË, hanÃ-le dÀ ‡whaà, h‡whfiË: quick, fast, early ketsfifi nawhetöii: moccasin decorative border K‡whfiË ageh˙‡-le. They are not doing it fast. ketsfifitöii: stroud, stroud on mocassins k·ÎtsöehsÕa: drawer, dresser kets‡Í eghàgoÀz·Î: ankle joint kÕ, hanÃ-le dÀ hÕ: although, but, even, when (in the kets‡Íhk·: moccasin flap for wrapping the ankle past), while (in the past) kets‡Íhk· whÃle: moccasins without flaps, slippers N‡ negha kÕ ah¯e ha-le. I won’t even do it for you. kets‡Íht¯öiÃ, hanÃ-le dÀ kech·Îht¯öiÃ: moccasin strings, shoelace 57 kÕ, hanÃ-le dÀ hÕ: Expression of an easy-going kÎ nàtso: there is a blazing fire attitude, let it be!, no matter! kÎ nÃ‡hkö·· t¯öàx·Î: spot where the fire died out, It doesn’t matter if it isn’t much. ˜·-le kÕ. burnt spot on the ground Wedfl kÕ. Forget it. kÎ nÃÃkö·: fire has died down kÕtöa, hanÃ-le dÀ hÕtöa: already, enough, done KÎ nÃÃkö·. The fire is dying down. KÕtöa sekwÃghà itsöÃ. I have already combed my KÎ nÃ‡hkö·. The fire has died down. hair. kÎ tani gÕlaa: town centre, downtown kÎ: house, building, town kÎ t¯öàx·Î: spot where a house was kÎ: fire, campfire kÎ yahoh¯Àe, hanÃ-le dÀ kÎ yayiÃhoh¯Àe: high-rise high-rise building, skyscraper kÎ dan‡‡chàa: building, skyscraper kÎ dan‡‡tsàa: high-rise building, skyscraper kÎfi: shack, small building, room kÎ dÀköÎ· t¯öàx·Î: spot where there was a fire kÎÀköÎfi: small campfire kÎ ehts‡fi: spark plug kÎgot¯öa: basement kÎ ehts‡fi libÕÕ: piston KÎköetÃ: Lupin Mine, Contwoyto Lake kÎ ehts‡fi libÕÕ lamÎÎ: piston rings kÎköÀ: vacated campsite, empty campsite kÎ godeÀ: city KÎköÀ gÕ˙·. There is a vacated campsite. kÎ goedziÃ, hanÃ-le dÀ kÎ goejiÃ: corner of a house kÎköoh: sparks from a fire kÎ goetöaà: inside wall of a house, wall, insulation kÎkwiÃ: embers, smouldering fire kÎ goez·· kÎ: prison, jail kÎkwÃtöaà gohtö·Î: roofing material kÎ go‡chà-lea: small building kÎn‡hbàa: canvas tepee kÎ go‡tsà-lea: small building kÎta, hanÃ-le dÀ hÎta: town, among the houses Ehts‡ kÎta go˙‡-le. Granny doesn’t visit around kÎ gokwÃtöaà: roof, peak of the roof town. kÎ gokwö·Î: empty house, deserted house kÎta köet¯o: walk around for visiting (one or two kÎ gotani: middle of the house people) kÎ goz·fi: old house KÎta köeht¯o ha dehwh·. I want to visit around town. kÎ gozh·fi: old house kÎtÃ: liquor, booze kÎ gÕlaa: towns, settlements, houses kÎtÃ kÎ: liquor store, bar (place) kÎ gha köàodÀe: housing corporation kÎtÃ wedoÕ whel‡‡: alcoholic kÎ gha köàodÀe kÎ: rented house from housing corporation kÎtsöiÃ: steamboat kÎ ladlÃ: house key, padlock kÎwoÕ: flames kÎ naehkwii d·Î: firefighter, forestry crew kÎwoÕ nàtso dÃÀ: blaze kÎ naehkwii kÎ: fire station kÎwoÕ nechàa: big flames kÎ naÃht¯a: light a fire, make a fire kÎwoÕ netsàa: big flames KÎ naÀht¯a ha. I’ll make a fire. Kri: Christ kÎ naÃt¯ö‡‡: lightning, sparks 58 köà: spades in cards köà: Command to wait, wait! T¯‡ch· kãÈÈ köàa: willow köàba, hanÃ-le dÀ köàmba: ptarmigan, clubs in cards köàba deköoo, hanÃ-le dÀ köàmba deköoo: red Köaàköo TÃ, hanÃ-lekö dÀ Köaagoo TÃ: Hislop Lake ptarmigan Köaàköo TÃ DeÀ, hanÃ-le dÀ Köaagoo TÃ DeÀ: Hislop köàbacho, hanÃ-le dÀ köàmbacho: turkey, chicken Lake River KöàbaÀtÃ, hanÃ-le dÀ KöàmbamÍhtÃ: Colville Lake Köaàköo TÃ KÎ GÕlaa, hanÃ-le dÀ Köaagoo TÃ KÎ köàbatso, hanÃ-le dÀ köàmbacho: turkey, chicken GÕlaa: Hislop Lake Village köàbatsÎÎ, hanÃ-le dÀ köàmbatsÎÎ: east köaàtöÃi: better in health, well KöaàtöÃi anatöÍ. He gets better now and again. köàbatsÎÎ, hanÃ-le dÀ köàmbatsÎÎ: mustard It looks like her eyes got Wedaà köaàtöÃi làajà. köàbatsÎÎ n‡htsöiÃ, hanÃ-le dÀ köàmbatsÎÎ n‡htsöiÃ: better. east wind improve in health, get better, recuperate köaàtöÃi ade: Köàcho, hanÃ-le dÀ Nà‡l‡‡ KÎ: Fort Good Hope store clerk, middleman köaàwi, hanÃ-le dÀ eköaàwi: Köàchoetö‡Í: Fort Good Hope people between trader and people, king in cards, wealthy person köàgÕo: caterpillar tractor, tractor köaàwi kÎ, hanÃ-le dÀ eköaàwi kÎ: store, formerly köàhdzàa: dry willow “The Bay” köàhdz··: almost köaàwi köàowo, hanÃ-le dÀ eköaàwi köàowo: store köàhj··: almost manager köàhkàa: pocket köach‡, hanÃ-le dÀ ach‡: again köàköoo: red willow, used for medicine köagoo, hanÃ-le dÀ gagoo: swan köàlaÀgeÀ: rear gunsight köakàà, hanÃ-le dÀ goköakàà: collar of clothing köàlaÀgÀa: front gunsight köakwe: before, long ago shuttle for backing a fish net Köakwe dàanÃ d· ekwÎ ka nàgezÀ ‡lÀ sÃi wetöà köàlaÃgha: naxixÀgohdo ha. I’m going to tell you how the köàle: spider people used to hunt for caribou long ago. köàlemÍÍ: spider web, rainbow köakwe¯ÎÎ: first of all (in time), first time köàm·fi, hanÃ-le dÀ köÕm·fi: butterfly Köakwe¯ÎÎ ¯À kwöà yÃi tsöeht¯öi, eyi t¯öàx·· ¯ÀÀd‡ weta atsöeh˙‡. First we pour flour into the dish and KöàmbadzÃhtÃ, hanÃ-le dÀ KöàmbaÀtÃ: Colville Lake after that we put baking powder with it. KöàmbajÃhtÃ, hanÃ-le dÀ KöàmbaÀtÃ: Colville Lake again köats‡, hanÃ-le dÀ ach‡: KöàmbamÍhtÃ: Colville Lake chew köayee˙à: köàodÀe, hanÃ-le dÀ köàadÀe: bosses, leaders Whaà, töeeko edem· gha dzÀh köagee˙à ‡lÀ, wem· yetöà elà edzÀ ha. Long ago, girls chewed köàodÀe deÀ: executive members gum for their mothers, so that their mother could köàowo: boss, leader, ruler, foreman, Lord caulk a canoe with it. GotsöÎ Köàowo: Lord to us, our Lord köàowocho: king, ruler of people 59 köàowotso: king, ruler of people köedlÕeda: walk around laughing (one person) KöàtetÃ: Fort Chipewyan köedze: hide scraper made of bone Köàtso, hanÃ-le dÀ Nà‡l‡‡ KÎ: Fort Good Hope köedzehts‡Í: hide scraper handle Köàtsoetö‡Í: Fort Good Hope people köedzo: slide, skate, ski köe-: going around (prefix) köee˙o, hanÃ-le dÀ köere˙o: swish around, move from side to side köe˙à: roam around (plural animals) WekwÃghà köee˙o. Her hair swishes around. T¯‡ ¯· köe˙à. There are lots of dogs roaming around. Nel‡Í seköÀÀ köee˙a. Your dogs followed me. köeech‡Í: scraping board for scraping hide köe˙eeta: rummage around köeetöÍ: look around, see, be able to see Yeka köe˙eeta. He is rummaging around looking Hfl˙fl, nez‡Í köeehtöÍ esànÃle!: Yes, I can see well! for it. Sah ka kö‡‡töÍ. Look around for bears. köe˙ehka: hop, jump köeets‡Í: scraping board for scraping hide köe˙ehköÀa, hanÃ-le dÀ köereÀköe: grasshopper köeÀweehtsöih: be blown about Elà tatÃ nechàa töà köeÀweehtsöih. The boat was köe˙ehtöà, hanÃ-le dÀ köeetöà: cut up tossed by big waves. En‡ht¯öÀwÕ köe˙ehtöà. He is cutting up paper. köeÀzia: plane (tool) köe˙etsÍ, hanÃ-le dÀ köeetsÍ: sniff around, nose around, sneak around köegohwho: go around (people), move around (cars, T¯‡ köe˙etsÍ. The dog is sniffing around. skidoos, boats) Elà köegohwho xa dÃÀ. Boats can’t get around. köe˙Õ: swim (plural objects), boat around Köege˙Õ töà, hazh·Î gigohtö·Î nawhehtso. köegoo: roam around (one animal), crawl around (one Because they were swimming, all their clothes are animal) wet. Nel‡Í ekÃi köewegoo-le. Don’t let your dog just roam around. köebe, hanÃ-le dÀ köembe: swim around (one or two people or animals) köegÕyeedi, hanÃ-le dÀ köegÎyeedi: go around leading (him/her) by the hand, go around holding köech‡ehköah: limp around hands köechöÃ: crawl around köehoe˙a: do, act BebÃ tsöÀwh‡fi köechöÃ. The baby crawls slowly. SetsöÎ nez‡Í köehoe˙a. He is acting good towards köeda: walk around (one person), go around (one me (outwardly). person), go for a walk (one person) köehoehde: travel around (people) EneÀko ‡¯À tÀ töà köeda. One old man walks around They traveled around in the with a cane. Dech‡ni köehog‡‡hde. bush. köedee˙à: roll around, toss, turn from side to side köeÃtÎ: (bile) come up T¯‡ zhah köe köedee˙à. The dog is rolling around in heartburn or nausea the snow. tih¯‡‡ godzeÀ köeÍtÎ·: köeje: hide scraper made of bone köedÀ: walk around (people or caribou), go around (people), fly around (plural objects) köejehch‡Í: hide scraper handle JÃewà, ‡t¯öÎ hanÃ gha dech‡ni köetsöedÀ. We walk köekÕ: drive around, slide around around in the bush for blueberries, cranberries, and EkÃi nebehch‡Í segh· nÃ‡tÍ, wetöà köehkÕ ha. Just things like that. lend me your car, I’ll drive around with it. BehköÕ töasÍ‡ köedÀ h·töe. Seagulls fly everywhere. köekwÃetöah: turn the head from side to side, shake the head, nod the head 60 köe¯aeköah: be breezy, wind change direction, blow köetsöetöà: walk around (two people), go around (two from different directions people) Dzfl ghàà ekwÎ keÀ köÀ köegetöà kanÃkÕ ‡¯aà ekwÎ köe¯eghà: club each other ge˙Í-le. They walk around for caribou tracks all day, Köe¯egeghà. They are clubbing each other. but still they don’t see caribou. köe¯ehxe: slaughter each other köetsöÃ: crawl around Köe¯eg‡‡hxe. They have slaughtered each other. BebÃ tsöÀwh‡fi köetsöÃ. The baby crawls slowly. köe¯eze: rush around (plural things), swarm around köexeyeechi: pack around Kwöiahn· köe¯eze. The bees are rushing around. Sem· ekw·hj‡Í köexeechi. My mom is packing t‡li d· köe¯egezee: a busy, crowded street around punkwood. köe¯ezhe: rush around (plural things), swarm around köexeyeetsi: pack around Kwöiahn· köe¯ezhe. The bees are rushing around. Sem· ekw·hdz‡Í köexeetsi. My mom is packing t‡li d· köe¯egezhee: a busy, crowded street around punkwood. köemflÈd·Î, hanÃ-le dÀ köom·Îd·Î: morning köeye˙a: carry around (chunky object) köena˙ehtse, hanÃ-le dÀ köenaehtse: wash, clean köeyedli: pull around, drag around köenae˙à: play checkers Behch‡Í köedli. He is pulling around a sled. EhtsÀe gotsöÎ köenae˙à. Grandfather is playing throw around (plural objects) checkers with us. köeyeehdÀ: KöeyeehdÀ. He throws them around. köes‡eda: walk around singing (one person) köeyeehköa: throw around (single object) köesh‡eda: walk around singing (one person) Köeyeehköa. He throws it around. köetaet¯o: walk in water (one or two people) köeyeetöà: cut up köetÀet‡: walk with a cane wetöà satsÎ köeetöàa beÀ: hacksaw blade köet‡m·eda: run around (one person or animal) köeyeezo: chase around, drive a dogteam along Eko ÀtöiÃ tsia edem· xÀ köet‡m·eda. Right away Whaà, hozÃi köe gotsöÎ t¯‡ köegeezo ‡lÀ. Long ago, the caribou calf runs around with its mother. people used to go to the barrenlands driving dogs. köetöa: fly around köeyeezho: chase around, drive a dogteam along en‡ht¯öÀköetöaa: airplane Whaà, hozÃi köe gotsöÎ t¯‡ köegeezho ‡lÀ. Long ago, people used to go to the barrenlands driving dogs. köetöÕ: paddle around, row around köeyege: carry on the back, pack around köet¯o: walk around (one or two people) TehmÍ köege. She is carrying a packsack. TsöÀwh‡fi köenet¯o. Walk quietly. köeyeh˙àh: send on errands, order around köet¯öàdeewÃ: stagger around (one person) Ket¯öàtsöeewÃ. Someone is staggering around. köeyeh˙‡: guide, lead köet¯öÕ: slosh around, jingle (plural objects), move köeyehchih: have (cloth object), carry around (cloth about randomly (plural objects) object) KÎta s·Îmba ¯· köet¯öÕ. There is a lot of money in Nekwö·h˙eÀ köehchi-le. He doesn’t have your shirt. town. köeyehsÕ: pull along ti köet¯öÕo: running water Behch‡Í köehsÕ. He is pulling a sled. köets‡ehköah: limp around köeyehte: carry around (animate object) köetsöebee köÀ: swimming pool köeyeht‡: carry around (containerful) köetsöedzoo köÀ: skating rink, arena köetsöeh˙·fi: brooch 61 LiÃht· köeht‡. She is carrying the kettle around. -köÀÀ: one of a pair, one side köeyehtöah: sweep with a bird’s wing, fan a fire with a keköÀÀ: one shoe large flat object köÀÀ˙ÎÎ: more than Ehts‡ tÀ köehtöah. Granny is sweeping the mat with KöÀÀ˙ÎÎ dÀtÃ adaade. Things are getting more a bird’s wing. expensive. köeyehtsih: have (cloth object), carry around (cloth köÀÀ˙ÎÎ dÀtÃi: inflation object) köÀÀt¯·, hanÃ-le dÀ xÀÀt¯·: be enough, reach Nekwö·h˙eÀ köehtsi-le. He doesn’t have your shirt. sufficient numbers köeyehxà: push around (animate object), shove NeghoÕ köÀÀt¯·-le ne. You aren’t old enough. (animate object), shake (animate object) KöÀÀt¯· ajà. That has gotten to be enough. Chekoa t¯‡fi köegehxà. The children are shaking the köÀÀt¯öÎ: in vain, to no effect, for nothing puppy. EkÃi köÀÀt¯öÎ atsöejà. We went there in vain. köeyele: carry around (plural objects), set (traps) KöÀÀt¯öÎ eghàlaeda. She was working in vain/for Chekoa köàhkàa yÃi töasÃi hazh·Î köegele. Kids nothing. carry all sorts of things in their pockets. köÀhoÀ˙a: take one’s time, relax TichöaàdÃi dàhÕtö‡ ha ehdzo köenele?: What kind of animals are you setting traps for? köÀhoÀ˙aa dzflÈ: relaxing day, holiday köeyere˙a: spy on (old word) köÀlÃi, hanÃ-le dÀ eköÀlÃi köÀ: path, road Köesegere˙a. They are spying on me. köÀlÃi siÃh˙‡‡, hanÃ-le dÀ köÀlÃi seÀh˙‡‡: road grader, köeyet‡: carry around (rigid object) snowplow Johnny kwiköÃi köet‡. Johnny is carrying a gun. köÀmbÀ, hanÃ-le dÀ kwöÀmbÀ, köÃmbÀ: red-throated köeyewe: turn around by hand to heat, heat by loon, Arctic loon turning around köÀts‡Àt¯a: trap (verb) KÎ köe tsöÕ köetsöewe. We are heating the blanket NÎgha köÀts‡gÃt¯a. They trapped a wolverine. by turning it over the fire. köÀxa: because (conjunction), as a consequence köeze: be carried around (plural objects), be Negha ehkwöi aehs‡-le köÀxa, dii hagode tsöÎ transported (plural objects) go‡de ha-le. Because you didn’t believe me, you barge wetöà xeh köezee: will not speak until this happens. En‡ht¯öÀ köeze. Mail is delivered. Edehoe¯‡Í köÀxa da‡˙ah. He is suffering for his sins. köezhe: be carried around (plural objects), be köÈfldzÃe, hanÃ-le dÀ kö‡fijÃe: Saskatoon berry transported (plural objects) wetöà xeh köezhee: barge köÈfljÃe, hanÃ-le dÀ kö‡fijÃe: Saskatoon berry En‡ht¯öÀ köezhe. Mail is delivered. -köÈÈ: like (postposition), according to (postposition) -köÀ: place of (suffix) Denaatö‡Í köÈÈ gode. He speaks Slavey. tiköÀ: water hole Sed·Î chi nax‡m· köÈÈ naxÀgaatö‡. My husband en‡ht¯öÀköetöaa naedÀe köÀ: landing strip and I look like our mothers. S·ÎmbaköÀ: Yellowknife köi: birch, birch bark köÀch‡Àt¯a: trap (verb) köi daechöii: strip of birch bark NÎgha köÀch‡gÃt¯a. They trapped a wolverine. köi daedlàa: strip of birch bark köÀdzoo ehkwöi: straight across EkÃi köÀdzoo ehkwöi anede. Just go straight across. köi daetsöii: strip of birch bark köÀeweÀtö‡: be humble KöÀeweÀgetö‡. They are humble. 62 köi wetöiÃ: birch bark köot·Î: within the clouds Köot·Î sa dae˙a. The sun is shining in the clouds. köielà: birch canoe kö··nÃ: very, really köikwöà: birch bark basket, birch bark plate Kö··nÃ eyaeh¯‡. I’m very sick. köilareh, hanÃ-le dÀ köilaa: birch bud kö··nÃ töà: extreme köitÃ: syrup, birch sap kö·Îtöa: only now, just now, only then, recently köit·: birch bark basket, birch bark cooking pot kö·Îyeedli: mend Gohtö· kö·Îgeedli. They are mending clothes. Köitsöi Ehda: White Beach Point kö·Îyeet¯ö‡: mend by weaving, darn köiwÃi: cluster of birch trees köÕch‡Í: willow branch kö‡fihkwöà, hanÃ-le dÀ köiwà: dried birch bark WedÀ nechà-lea köÕch‡Í hazh·Î köe köet¯o, kö‡flh: aspen wedagoÀhwho. Her little sister was walking on all köÍ: arrow the willow branches, making lots of noise. köÍkwö‡Í: arrowhead köÕdare, hanÃ-le dÀ köÕdaa: silver willow KöÍkwö‡Í nahköà ha. I’m going to sharpen the köÕkwöÍfi: willow whip arrowhead. köÕlaa: pussy willow köÍlageÀ: notch at arrow end köÕlachoÕ: pussy willow fluff köÍtöaà: feather for arrow köÕlatsoÕ: pussy willow fluff köoÀhchÃi, hanÃ-le dÀ köoÕhchÃi: kerchief, headscarf, butterfly handkerchief, tie köÕm·fi, hanÃ-le dÀ köàm·fi: köÕm·tsoa: moth köoÀhtsÃi, hanÃ-le dÀ köoÕhchÃi: kerchief, headscarf, handkerchief, tie köÕÕ: willow köoh: cloud köÕÕ dÀhdl‡: green willow köoh ekÀÍh˙eh: scattered clouds KöÕÕta N‡‡l‡Í: Frank Channel (old name) köohchöiÃ: rain clouds, dark clouds KöÕÕta‡l‡‡: Fort Liard köohgwÃa: scattered bits of clouds KöÕÕtÃache T¯öà, hanÃ-le dÀ KöÕÕtÃdeÀche: Drybone Bay köohtsöiÃ: rain clouds, dark clouds KöÕÕtÃatse T¯öà, hanÃ-le dÀ KöÕÕtÃdeÀche: Drybone Bay köom·Îd·Î, hanÃ-le dÀ köemflÈd·Î: morning köÕÕtöiÃ: willow bark köom·Îd·Î wegh· sÀtsöezee, hanÃ-le dÀ köÕÕtöiÃ mÍ: willow bark net köom·Îd·Î shÀtsöezhee: breakfast, cereal köÕts‡Í: willow branch köom·Îd·Î wegh· shÀtsöezhee, hanÃ-le dÀ WedÀ netsà-lea köÕts‡Í haz·Î köe köet¯o, köom·Îd·Î shÀtsöezhee: breakfast, cereal wedagoÀhwho. Her little sister was walking on all the willow branches, making lots of noise. köoÕhchÃi, hanÃ-le dÀ köoÀhchÃi: headscarf, kerchief, handkerchief, tie köÎfi: just now Bus köÎfi naÀhke. The bus has just left. köoÕhtsÃi, hanÃ-le dÀ köoÀhchÃi: headscarf, kerchief, handkerchief, tie köÎfitöa: just now, now ¤¯À sadzeÀ köeh··wÕ kÕ köÎfitöa dageachÃ. After köoÕtsöehchii: necktie just one hour had passed they caught him. köoÕtsöehtsii: necktie köÎmbàa, hanÃ-le dÀ gÎÎmbàa: sleeve köÎmbàa dfifi, hanÃ-le dÀ gÎÎmbàa dfifi: cuffs 63 kweköàà: sharp edges of rocks Kweköàà ta ‡kwöi sÎÎ. Be careful not to fall on the T¯‡ch· kãÈÈ sharp rocks. kwelÀ: snuff kwe¯À: cement kwe¯Àh tsöehtÃi: cement kwah: carrot kw kwenàeköÎ·: cement kwe: stone, rock kweta n‡‡l‡, hanÃ-le dÀ kwegota n‡‡l‡: rapids kwe degai: tombstone kwetÀ: stone scraper kwe degoo s·Îmbaà: diamond mineral kwet·: cast iron pot, clay jug kwe d·kwö·Î köe whe˙··: tombstone kwetöÍ‡, hanÃ-le dÀ kwetö‡Í, kweÀtö‡‡: white person, Kwe Ehda: Rocky Point English-speaking person kwe gokw‡Í: stone axe KwetöÍ‡ köÈÈ gogha weköeyanehti. Read it for us in kwe satsÎ: cast iron stove English. Kwecho DiÃ: Mirage Island kwetöÍ‡ en‡ht¯öÀ töà etsöeet¯öÀe: Roman writing system kwedzÀÀ: tar kwetöÍ‡ köÈÈ: English way, English custom KwedzÀh KÎ: Fort Wrigley kwetöÍ‡ nàowoÕ: English custom kwegooköaà: whetstone kwetöÍ‡ tsöÕÕ: sleeping bag kwegooköaàcho: grindstone kwetöÍ‡ yahtiÃ: preacher, minister kwegooköaàtso: grindstone kwetöÍ‡ yatiÃ: English language Kwegha‡l‡‡: James Lakes River kwetsÍ, hanÃ-le dÀ kwechÍ: rock tripe for medicine or tea, black fungus growing on rocks, medicine for a kweghÍfi, hanÃ-le dÀ kweyÍfi: pebble, round stone sore stomach kwegwÃi: rock fragments, gravel Kwetso DiÃ: Mirage Island kwegwÕo: gravel, rocks Kwetsöah TÃ: Mazenod Lake kwekàa: large flat rock, rock outcrop kwewa: pellets, gravel kwekàa sÃa n‡‡˙àa: extended rock ridge kwewa kwiköÃÃ: shotgun, pellet gun kwekàa shÃa n‡‡˙àa: extended rock ridge kweyÃi: cave kwekàa tia: puddle in rock crevice kweyÃi e˙··: den, cave kwekàachöiÃ: craggy rock, rock crevices kweyÃi goÀ˙àa: tunnel in rock, cave kwekàagee: crack in rock, between the rock crevice kweyÍfi, hanÃ-le dÀ kweghÍfi: pebble, round stone kwekàatsöiÃ: craggy rock, rock crevices KweyÍ‡ TÃ: Kwejinne Lake Kwekààtsoa: Cameron River kwiÃcho: gun shell, bullet kweköàa: snowbird kwiÃcho deyÃiyewa: load a gun Kweköàa ¯· niÃde. Lots of snowbirds are taking off. kwiÃcho edeehköÀe: missile kwiÃcho eköÀyewa: load a gun 64 kwiÃcho köÀ: gunshot wound, bullet hole kwiköÃi neköÎfi: handgun, pistol kwiÃcho nechàa: missile kwiköÃi netsàa: shotgun kwiÃchowÕ, hanÃ-le dÀ kwiÃchowÀ: ammunition belt kwiköÃi t¯öehwhÕ: shell bag, cartridge bag kwiÃdlÃa: slingshot kwiköÃich‡Í: gunstock kwiÃetà: step in fire, step in ashes kwiköÃiköÎ: gun case kwiÃtso: gun shell, bullet kwiköÃits‡Í: gunstock kwiÃtso deyÃiyewa: load a gun kwiköÃiweÀ: gun barrel kwiÃtso edeehköÀe: missile kwiköÃiweÀ ‡¯À: single-barrel gun kwiÃtso eköÀyewa: load a gun kwiköÃiweÀ nàke: double-barrel gun kwiÃtso köÀ: gunshot wound, bullet hole kwiköÃiwÕ: gun case kwiÃtso netsàa: missile kwiköÃizeÀ: trigger kwiÃtsoa: shell for .22 gun kwin‡htsöi tsö·ÎhköÀ: Eastern Arctic kwiÃtsowÕ, hanÃ-le dÀ kwiÃchowÀ: ammunition belt kw‡Í: fence, dog pen Kw‡Í d·kwö·Î wem·· nawhe˙a. There is a fence kwiÃyee˙ah: put in fire (cloth item) around a person’s grave. kwiÃyeechi: put in fire (chunky object) kwÃ˙ah: pillow Tso kwiÃ‡chi. Put wood in the fire. kwÃ˙awÕ: pillowcase kwiÃyeedi: give to fire (food item) kwÃezÃi: sucker (fish) kwiÃyeehköa: throw into the fire kwÃezhÃi: sucker (fish) kwiÃyeehxe: put in the fire (heavy bag) kwÃgha: hair kwiÃyeeka: take to the fire (plateful) kwÃgha degoo: gray hair kwiÃyeekà: slap into the fire kwÃgha ehtsöÕa: curly hair kwiÃyeele: put in fire (plural objects) kwÃgha tani nàgo‡˙àh: parting in the hair kwiÃyeet‡: put in fire (rigid object) kwÃghaech‡Í: hair root kwiÃyeetsi: put in fire (chunky object) Tso kwiÃ‡tsi. Put wood in the fire. kwÃghaets‡Í: hair root kwiÃyeewa: put in fire (many things) kwÃkwöÍfi: bald head Köikwà sÃi kwiÃg‡‡wa. They put the dry birch bark in kwÃtöa: tump-line, head strap the fire. kwÃtöa go‡t¯oa: bald head kwiÃyehchih: put in fire (cloth object) kwÃtöii: headband kwiÃyehtÀ: put in fire (animate object) kwÃt¯e: hair tonic kwiÃyehtsi: push into the fire kwÃtsöÃi: comb kwiÃyehtsih: put in fire (cloth object) kwÃwheh˙·: lay the head kwiköÃi: gun, rifle ¤zhiÃ kwÃwhih˙·. I lay my head down. kwiköÃi ahtöaà, hanÃ-le dÀ kwiköÃahtöàa: double-barrel kwÃyehchih: wear on head (cloth object) muzzle loader, split-barrel gun AyÃi kwÃ‡hchih?: What are you wearing on your kwiköÃi edÀ˙a: aim a gun head? kwiköÃi nechàa: shotgun 65 kwÃyehtsih: wear on head (cloth object) kwöà d·hsÎ·: dish towel AyÃi kwÃ‡htsih?: What are you wearing on your kwöà d·hshÎ·: dish towel head? kwöà ehtsö·Î ehdànÃ‡laa: roaster kwo degoocho: merganser kwöàa: small plate kwo degootso: merganser kwöàchÀ: skillet, frying pan kwoh: coot kwöàch‡Í: handle of pan kw·fi: diaper kwöàcho: tub, roaster kwöàkàa: plate, flat dish kwöàköÀ: cupboard kwöàt·: grub box T¯‡ch· kãÈÈ kwöàtöÀe: skillet, frying pan kwöàt¯öaa: saucer, plate kwöàtsÀ: skillet, frying pan kwöadzÃe:kwö mossberries kwöàts‡Í: handle of pan kwöagoa, hanÃ-le dÀ tamÍhkwöÀÀ: twine used to kwöàtso: tub, roaster mend fish nets kwöàtsoa: dishpan kwöah: moss, diaper moss BebÃa kwöah làanÃ. The baby is as light as moss. kwöàwÕ: tablecloth kwöahti, hanÃ-le dÀ ekwöahti: policeman, chief kwöàyÍfi: bowl kwöahti kÎ: prison, jail kwöÀ: sinew, sinew thread, thread kwöahtia: band councillor kwöÀhkwÎ: tenderloin kwöahtideÀ: chief kwöÀmbÀ, hanÃ-le dÀ köÀmbÀ, köÃmbÀ: red-throated loon, Arctic loon kwöahtideÀ ‡lÀe: ex-chief, former chief kwöi kàgo‡hdoo köÀ: mosquito bite kwöahtideÀ töÎÎ whedaa: subchief kwöi nàÀdiÃ: mosquito spray kwöahtideÀz·fi: ex-chief, former chief kwöiahn·: bee kwöahtideÀzh·fi: ex-chief, former chief kwöiahn· dekwoo: bumblebee kwöahwÕ: diaper-moss bag kwöiahn· wechÀ goÀchöoo: wasp kwöajÃe: mossberries kwöiahn· wetsÀ goÀtsöoo: wasp kwöatÃ: muskeg water kwöiahn·töoÕ: beehive, bee’s nest kwöà: dish, plate, basket, small container Kwöà köena˙etsöehtse ha. We are going to wash kwöih: mosquito dishes. kwöihch‡Í: branch kwöà dat¯eÀ: dish soap kwöihts‡Í: branch kwöà dehsÎ·: dish towel kwöihwÕ: mosquito net kwöà dehshÎ·: dish towel kwöit¯eÀ: mosquito spray, mosquito oil

66 kwö‡h˙eh, hanÃ-le dÀ kwö·h˙eh: shirt, blouse lajih: glove kwö‡h˙ehtöaà: T-shirt, undershirt laköedÃi, hanÃ-le dÀ laköÀdÃi: apron kwö‡hmbÀe, hanÃ-le dÀ kwöÀmbÀ: red-throated loon lamÀ: Mass kwö‡Í: arrowhead lamÀ gohtö·Î: vestments kwö·h˙eh, hanÃ-le dÀ kwö‡h˙eh: shirt, blouse lamÀa: low mass kwö·h˙ehtöaà, hanÃ-le dÀ kwö‡h˙ehtöaà: T-shirt, lamÀhdeÀ: high mass undershirt lamÀhkÎ: chapel, church -kwö·Î: empty (suffix) lamÀhköÀ: altar t· kwö·Î: an empty bucket kÎ gokwö·Î: an empty house lamÎ·: ring kwö·Î: ice crust of overfow on land, glacier lan‡ht¯öÀ: social insurance number laÎtöe, hanÃ-le dÀ lahÎtöe: be like Eyi laÎtöe. It seems to be that way. Whaà hÕ detö· d· lagÍtöe. Long ago ducks were like people. latsöeÀ˙··: thimble T¯‡ch· kãÈÈ lawË: oatmeal, porridge là: Expression of surprise Whaà whet‡-le là. She doesn’t normally sleep so la: work, job long. l eyi là!: suddenly! laàtö‡, hanÃ-le dÀ làatö‡: behaving like, acting like, seeming like làade: seem to become like La niw· làatö‡. He is behaving as if he wants a job. Wedaà köaàtöÃi làade ha. His eyes seem like they are going to get better. ladà: table, desk Tsöeh¯‡ làajà. He seemed to be shaking. ladàwÕ: tablecloth làadi: seem to talk like ladlÃ: key Gochöà texàedah làadi gode. It seems like he is talking to avoid the issue. ladlÃ dÀhnÃ‡h˙··: padlock làagÎhtöe, hanÃ-le dÀ làahÎhtöe: (situation) seem to ladzÀ, hanÃ-le dÀ lagÀ: box, case lot, wooden box, be like trunk Wegha s·Îni làagÎhtöe. She seems to be ladzih: glove confused. lagÀ, hanÃ-le dÀ lajÀ: box, case lot, wooden box, làaniw·: think like that trunk NàhotÃ edetsöeeda làatsö‡‡w·. We think we are lagÀa, hanÃ-le dÀ nagÀa: minute living through hard times. lahsÃi: silk embroidery, embroidery thread làanÃ, hanÃ-le dÀ laànÃ: like (adverb), kind of like, seemingly lahwh‡: fish spear, spear, sword La dezhÃi làanÃ. It’s kind of hard work. lajÀ, hanÃ-le dÀ lagÀ: box, case lot, wooden box, GotsöeehdÃ làanÃ. I’m feeling kind of lazy. trunk làanÃ wÀgaatö‡: appear like, look as though Gigha ho‡z‡ làanÃ gÃgaatö‡. They look like they enjoy it. 67 làanÃ-le: Expression of the idea that things are not ligàà: diamonds in cards the way they seem, seeming not lihsà: shawl Weeh˙‡ làanÃ-le. It’s like I didn’t see him. Weeh˙Í làanÃ-le. It’s like I never see him. lihshà: shawl làbiÃ: beer liÃht·, hanÃ-le dÀ lidÃht·: teapot, teakettle làbiÃkÎ: bar (place) lijÀ: hearts in cards -le: not lizà: ace in cards Dej‡-le. He is not scared. lÃ, hanÃ-le dÀ welÃ: Expression to emphasize lemÃ: thousand uncertainty or hoping, may it be! AsÍÍ t¯öi nàeda lÃ, ekÃi hÕ wheda. He just sat there, million lemÃiy·Î, hanÃ-le dÀ lemÃizh·Î: to know if the string would move. libà: sock, stockings lÃbaà, hanÃ-le dÀ lÃbarÃ: barrel libà nedÀe: stockings lÃbalà: canvas libÕ: cup lÃbalà˙eh, hanÃ-le dÀ baà˙eh: parka libÕ daeka: giving a toast lÃbalà˙eh ka: parka cover material LibÕ daeka. He is giving a toast. lÃbalà˙eh köe whelaa: parka trim, rickrack libÕ daÀchaa: goblet, chalice lÃbarÃ, hanÃ-le dÀ lÃbaà: barrel libÕ daÀtsaa: goblet, chalice lÃdziwÃ: galvanized tub, washtub libÕch‡Í: cup handle lÃgaez·Î, hanÃ-le dÀ lÃgaezÎfi: labrador tea, medicine cup handle libÕts‡Í: for shortness of breath, northern comandra libÎ: ribbon lÃgahwhÃ: coffee lidÃ: tea lÃgahwhÃ kÎ: cafe lidÃ ·hchÃa: tea bag for camping lÃgalÎ: gallon lidÃ ·htsÃa: tea bag for camping lÃgodÎ: cotton, cotton fabric lidÃ tazee: loose tea lÃjiwÃ: galvanized tub, washtub lidÃ tazhee: loose tea lÃmflÈ, hanÃ-le dÀ lÃmerÃ, lÃmbeÀ: narrow cloth trim lidÃ tenazÀe: loose tea leaves (old type), rickrack lidÃ tenazhÀe: loose tea leaves lÃmflÈ nÎ·ghÕo: rickrack lidÃ t¯öehwhÕa: tea bag lÃsabÕh tsöah: broad-brimmed hat lidÃ whekÎ· t·Î: thermos bottle lÃsawà: savage lidÃhkÎ: tea-house (old word), restaurant lÃsimÍ, hanÃ-le dÀ lÃsimË, nesimÍ: towel lidÃht·, hanÃ-le dÀ liÃht·: teapot, teakettle l·Î: evidently, apparently NàÀhd·-le l·Î. Evidently it hasn’t moved. lidÃitöÎ: used tea leaves lidÃwÕ: tea bag for camping lidÃzàa: dry loose tea lidÃzhàa: dry loose tea lidzÀ: hearts in cards 68 ¯edÃ, hanÃ-le dÀ ¯endÃ: taste, smell Negha dàanÃ ¯edÃ?: How does it taste to you? T¯‡ch· kãÈÈ ¯ek·: be tasty, be delicious, be sweet ¯eköà: be fat ¯ey‡: be smooth, be greasy ¯aàhköe: dry wood without¯ bark ¯À: flour, powder ¯adàyeehwhe: cut in half ¯Àa: powder bebÃa ¯Àa: baby powder ¯adàyehdlà: split in half, tear in half ¯ÀbÀ, hanÃ-le dÀ ¯ÀmbÀ: ashes ¯aÍ¯‡, hanÃ-le dÀ ‡¯àÍ¯‡: suit, one piece ˜ÀbÀ DzflÈ, hanÃ-le dÀ ˜ÀmbÀ DzflÈ: Ash Wednesday ¯atsoa, hanÃ-le dÀ ¯atsaa: little while ãtsoa whihda ha. I’m going to stay up for a while. ¯Àd‡: baking powder ¯atsöeeghàa làatö‡: shiver ¯ÀdzÀ: clay He is shivering SiÃ edza töà, ¯atsöeeghàa làatö‡. ¯ÀÀdl‡‡: river fork because it is so cold. ¯ÀtÃ: hard ashes at the bottom of a fire, lye ¯atsöigeedÀ: go different ways ¯ÀtöÀ: bannock, bread ¯atsöi‡l‡‡: fork of river ¯ÀtöÀ bÕ wet·Î whelaa: sandwich with meat ¯atsöiyehchöi: split, divide by tearing ¯ÀtöÀ ¯ek·fi: cookie ¯atsöiyehdlà: split into two pieces, tear in half Xoh tani ¯atsöigehdlà. They are splitting the roots in ¯ÀtöÀ ¯ek··: cake half. ¯ÀtöÀ ¯ek·· wetöà godzflÈ hoh¯Àe: birthday cake Eded‡ sÃi wetsÀe nàke tsöÎ ¯atsöiy‡‡hdla. He tore his grandfather into two pieces. ¯ÀtöÀa: yeast ¯atsöiyehtsöi: split, divide by tearing ¯ÀtöÀhg·: pilot-bread, biscuit, cracker ¯ààgh·Î: once in a while, sometimes ¯ÀtöÀhg· det·-lea: cracker ¯àtageehxàa, hanÃ-le dÀ ¯àtageeghàa: baseball game ¯ÀtöÀhg·fi: small biscuit ¯àtatsöeehtÕo: game with bow and arrow ¯ÀtöÀht¯Õa: pancakes ¯àtayeehxà: bat (it) ¯ÀtöÀhyÍfi, hanÃ-le dÀ ¯ÀtöÀhghÍfi: donut ¯Ëfi: together ¯ÀtöÀwiÃ: bread from the store ¯Ëfi nÀyeht¯öÃ: pour in a pile ¯ÀwÕ: flour sack Ti sÃi eht¯öÀ sÃi whach·Î ¯Ëfi nÀyeht¯öÃ. He poured ¯iekÎfi, hanÃ-le dÀ ¯iwekÎfi: warehouse, fish shack water and dirt into separate piles. ¯ietsÍ, hanÃ-le dÀ ¯iwetsÍ: pounded dried whitefish ¯Ëfi nÀyele: put together (plural objects), pile together ¯igotsÀ, hanÃ-le dÀ ¯iwegotsÀ, ¯iwetsÀ: stick-fish for (plural objects) dogfeed ¯Ëfi nÀyewa: pile together (many things) ¯ighàà: ice pressure ridge ¯Ëfi nÃze: be piled up (plural objects) ¯iköÀ: early summer, summer ¯Ëfi nÃzhe: be piled up (plural objects) ¯iköÀ goghàà: all summer long ¯ikwöà: ice scoop 69 ¯iwe, hanÃ-le dÀ ¯ie: fish ¯iwez·· deköoo: Arctic char ¯iwe eh¯Ã: (fish) is caught in a net ¯iwez··woÕ: trout stomach ¯iwe elÃ: catch fish in a net, net fish ¯Ãh: whitefish ˜iwe s‡lài z· whilÃ. I netted only five fish. ¯Ãhcho: frying pan ¯iwe köàodÀe d·Î: fishermen ¯Ãhtso: frying pan ¯iwe köàowoo d·Î: fisherman ˜ÃhtsoköÀ: Snowdrift ¯iwechÀ: fish tail ¯o: smoke ¯iwecho: large fish ¯okÎ: smoke-house ˜iwedaidzflÈ, hanÃ-le dÀ ˜iwetsöedÀedzflÈ: Friday ¯otsöÃ: soot ˜iwedatsöehtÀe Zaà: September ¯ozàa: ashes (top layer of white ashes) ¯iwediÃ: bait õzàa GotsöabeÀ Köe Atsöeh˙‡‡: Ash Wednesday ¯iwedÃa, hanÃ-le dÀ ¯iwendÃa: mayfly, fishfly ¯ozhàa: ashes (top layer of white ashes) ¯iwedzÃa: sardines õzhàa GotsöabeÀ Köe Atsöeh˙‡‡: Ash Wednesday ¯iwegotsÀ, hanÃ-le dÀ ¯igotsÀ, ¯iwetsÀ: stick-fish for ¯·: lots, many, much dogfeed ¯iwe ¯·: lots of fish ¯iwejÃa: sardines ¯·-lea: few, little bit ¯iwekÎfi, hanÃ-le dÀ ¯iekÎfi: warehouse, fish shack ¯·Ît·: nine ¯iwekö‡Í, hanÃ-le dÀ ¯iekö‡Í: fish eggs, roe ¯·Ît·Àn·: ninety ¯iwekwÎ, hanÃ-le dÀ ¯iekwÎ: fish meat, fish as food ¯Îhd‡: seven ¯iwel‡Í: fresh fish ¯Îhd‡Àn·: seventy ¯iwetöaà: fish fin ¯iwetöabaà, hanÃ-le dÀ ¯iwetöambaà: lower front fin ¯iwetöahsÕ: swim bladder T¯‡ch· kãÈÈ ¯iwetöahshÕ: swim bladder ¯iwetöiÃ: fish scales back part of fish, fish tail ¯iwet¯öà: mamà: mother, mom fish slime m ¯iwet¯öÀÀ: mamàcho: grandmother, great-grandmother fish gall bladder, fish remains ¯iwet¯öÕÕ: mamàtso: grandmother, great-grandmother fish tail ¯iwetsÀ: masÃ, hanÃ-le dÀ mahsÃ: be thankful, thank you, be ¯iwetso: large fish good, be well MasÃ setsöàneedÃ. Thanks for helping me. ˜iwetsöedÀedzflÈ, hanÃ-le dÀ ˜iwedaidzflÈ: Friday DiÃ masÃ whida h·töe. Now I am in a good position. ¯iwetsöiÃ: fish guts masÃ, hanÃ-le dÀ mahsÃ: Expression for greeting ¯iwewÕ: fish liver people and saying goodbye ¯iwexà: fish club masÃ hÕ˙·: (a situation) is well ¯iwez··: trout NexÀ masÃ hÕ˙·. Things are well with you. 70 MasÃ Tsöen‡w·· DzflÈ, hanÃ-le dÀ MasÃ Tsö‡‡w·· mÕlanÎdaà: cat DzflÈ: Thanksgiving MÕlas·Î¯‡‡: French people masÃ yenihwh·: thank, be grateful to, appreciate mÎchËfi: lower edge of tent Eyi tsö·˙Î masÃ wetsö‡‡hwh·. That is why we are Köeje mÎchËfi whe˙·. The bone scraper is by the grateful to him. lower edge of the tent. masÃcho: thanks a lot, thank you very much mÎhdaà,: hanÃ-le dÀ wÀhdaà, wÎhdaà, mÎhnaà: masÃtso: thanks a lot, thank you very much some, few mfifi, hanÃ-le dÀ mfih: have a bad odour, smell bad, MÎhdaà segh·nÃ‡˙àh. Lend me some. taste bad, stink mÎhtöa, hanÃ-le dÀ mÎtöa: outside mfihtÀ, hanÃ-le dÀ mahtÀ: apron mÎhtöa goÀhkö·: camp outside, especially as a mËne, hanÃ-le dÀ mËfi: visitor, traveller, trader, menstrual passage rite, have her period, menstruate sojourner MÎhtöa goÀhkö·. She has a camp outside. mÍ: net, web mÎhtöa tsö·neÀ enÃ‡t·: outside door MÍ dat¯ö‡ ha. He is going to set a net. mÎlaizÃÃ: fabric clothing, store-bought clothes mÍ moÕ˙ehtöÃ, hanÃ-le dÀ mÍ m·Î˙ehtöÃ: tie a rope mÎlaizhÃÃ: fabric clothing, store-bought clothes along top and bottom of net, back a net mÎtöa, hanÃ-le dÀ mÎhtöa: outside MÍ moÕ˙etsöehtöÃ ha. We will be backing the net. mÎtsËfi: lower edge of tent mÍhköÀ: fishing place, fishing hole in ice, net marker Köedze mÎtsËfi whe˙·. The bone scraper is by the MÍhköÀ ho‡z‡. This is a good fishing spot. lower edge of the tent. mÍhkweÀ: weights for holding down a net, sinkers m·hgw‡, hanÃ-le dÀ wohgw‡: owl m·hgw‡ degoo, hanÃ-le dÀ wohgw‡ degoo: white owl m·Î: Expression used to scare children, spooky owl monster, monster T¯‡ch· kãÈÈ m·Îla: button m·ÎlaköÀ: buttonhole MÕla, hanÃ-le dÀ MÕlai: French people, white people mb-: Words with the spelling can be spelled MÕla Gotö‡Í: French people withmb mÕla köaÀtöaa: Chinese checkers mbeh: knife mÕla köàmbaà: chicken mbehch‡Í: toboggan, sled, truck, car, vehicle MÕla NÀköe, hanÃ-le dÀ MÕlai NÀköe: Edmonton mbehch‡Í et·Î: dogteam trail MÕla Ta: French Point in Rae mbehch‡Í kÎ: garage mÕla tehmÍÍ: backpack mbehch‡Í köÀndÃi d·Î: driver mÕlaez··: black person mbehch‡Í köÀndÃi n‡ht¯öÀ, hanÃ-le dÀ behch‡Í n‡ht¯öÀ: driver’s licence mÕlaidii: groceries mÕlanÀköe: city, down south, outside of the Northwest Territories

71 mbehch‡Í sigeÀh˙‡‡ kÎ: car repair shop, garage for mbÕ kàehtöÀ, hanÃ-le dÀ bÕ xàehtöÀ: cook (verb) repairs mbÕ kàehtöÀe, hanÃ-le dÀ mbÕ xàehtöÀe: jack in mbehch‡Í t‡liÃ: dogteam trail cards, cook (noun) mbehch‡Í t‡liÃ naàwhe˙aa: bridge mbÕ kàehtöÀe d·Î, hanÃ-le dÀ mbÕ xàehtöÀe d·Î: cook (noun) mbehch‡Í töÎ whedaa: wheel dog – last dog in the team mbÕ kàetöÀe kÎ, hanÃ-le dÀ mbÕ xàetöÀe kÎ: kitchen mbehch‡Í t¯öa whelaa: sled runners mbÕ xàehtöÀe, hanÃ-le dÀ mbÕ kàehtöÀe: jack in cards, cook (noun) mbehch‡Í t¯öà‡˙aa: toboggan handles, toboggan back He is a cook. support BÕ xàehtöÀe el‡. mbÕg·Î: drymeat mbehch‡ÍkwÃ: front of sled mbÕghoghoÕ, hanÃ-le dÀ bÕoghoÕ: fork for eating mbehcho: butcher knife, sword with Mbehcho D·Î: American mbÕtöÀ: cooked meat Mbehcho NÀköe: United States of America MbehchokÎ, hanÃ-le dÀ BehchokÎ: Rae mbehts‡Í: toboggan, sled, truck, car, vehicle mbehts‡Í et·Î: dogteam trail T¯‡ch· kãÈÈ mbehts‡Í kÎ: garage mbehts‡Í köÀndÃi d·Î: driver na-: again (prefix), repeatedly (prefix) mbehts‡Í köÀndÃi n‡ht¯öÀ, hanÃ-le dÀ behch‡Í n‡ht¯öÀ: n driver’s licence na˙a: face (verb), turn to N‡htsöi dàà natsöe˙a. We are facing against the mbehts‡Í sigeÀh˙‡‡ kÎ: car repair shop, garage for wind. repairs na˙eelÃ: snare in a continuing fashion mbehts‡Í t‡liÃ: dogteam trail Gah na˙eelÃ. He continues to snare rabbits. mbehts‡Í t‡liÃ naàwhe˙aa: bridge na˙ehka: jump, hop mbehts‡Í töÎ whedaa: wheel dog – last dog in the na˙ÎÎ: next to team Edeàg‡fi na˙ÎÎ nàdÀ. He lives next door to his mbehts‡Í t¯öa whelaa: sled runners friend. mbehts‡Í t¯öà‡˙aa: toboggan handles, toboggan back naà-, hanÃ-le dÀ n·Î-: across water (prefix) support dech‡ naàwhe˙aa: bridge mbehts‡ÍkwÃ: front of sled nach‡˙eele: gather things mbehtso: butcher knife, sword nach‡deetsöÕ: pucker up (plastic, hide, or cloth) Mbehtso D·Î: American nach‡deewÃ: have a muscle cramp Mbehtso NÀköe: United States of America nach‡yeele: gather up (sticks) mbehwhÕ: knife sheath nadaay‡: starting to melt Zhah nadaay‡. The snow is starting to melt. mbÕ: food, meat nadfiË: future, ahead mbÕ del‡Í, hanÃ-le dÀ bÕrel‡Í, bÕ wel‡Í: fresh meat NadfiË köeetöÍ. He looks into the future. mbÕ ‡htöe: raw meat 72 nadl‡: be again, become naeko, hanÃ-le dÀ nako: vomit, cough D· nez‡‡ nadl‡. He became a good man. naekÕ: travelling, driving nadzÀ: be resealed, be glued again, be welded again T‡li köe naekÕ. He is travelling on the road. SeghÕÕ nadzÀ ha. My tooth is going to be filled. naekwi: go out (fire), die out (fire) nae˙à: migrating (animals), returning back (animals) wetöà kÎ naekwii: fire extinguisher EkwÎ hozÃi köe tsöÎ nae˙à. The caribou are naete: sleep (habitually), live, stay returning to the barrens. Atsö·Î whachoÕ naehte. I always sleep alone. nae˙À: going back by boat Edeàg‡fi gà naete. He is staying with his friend. naebe: swimming back naetÀ: go back to sleep Nageabe. They are swimming back. NaehtÀ ha dÃÀ. I can’t go back to sleep. NaÀht‡. She went back to sleep. naebe: start back, swimming, swim back NaÀhm‡. He started back, swimming. naet‡: freeze again T· naet‡. The ice freezes over again. naechöÃ: crawling back T¯Îhbàa tsöÎ naechöÃ. He was crawling back to the naetöa: leave, flying back tent. Saàg‡fi Edmonton tsöÎ naÀhtöo. My friend left, flying, for Edmonton. naeda: walking back (one person) NekÎ tsöÎ nànet¯a dÀ tani tsöÎ na‡da n·, eyi naetöÀ: leave by boat t¯öàx·· tani tsö· na‡chöÃ n·. When you go back to K‡whfiË naÀhtöe. He left early by boat. your house, walk halfway and then crawl halfway. naetöÕ: travelling by boat, paddling along naedÀ: migrating (birds), flying back NatsöaatöÕ ‡lÀ. We were paddling along. Detö· naedÀ. Ducks are migrating. naet¯a: leave, going back (one or two people), leave, naedzà: be dried returning (one or two people) wetöà gohtö· naedzàa: clothesdryer Amà xÕo tsöÎ naÀht¯a. Mom left, going back to the snares. naedzÃ: heal naet¯e: travelling along (one or two people), going naego: walking along (four-legged animal) along (one or two people) T¯‡, yeÀ na‡go!: Dog, go away! DanaidÃ naet¯e. He went along in a hurry. naejà: be dried naetsöÃ: crawling back wetöà gohtö· naejàa: clothesdryer T¯Îhbàa tsöÎ naetsöÃ. He was crawling back to the naejÃ: heal tent. naeka: hop away naey‡, hanÃ-le dÀ naegh‡: melt Naeka ha. He is going to hop away. Goli hazh·Î naey‡. All the icicles are melting. Gah naÀhko. The rabbit hopped away. naÀh˙‡: wait naeka: hopping along Weda nà‡˙‡-le. Don’t wait for him. Nageaka. They are hopping along. Cheko dàwhaà tsö· seda nagea˙Í?: How long naekÀ: leave, boating back have the boys been waiting for me? Eyi d· wekÎ tsöÎ nageÀhk‡. They left by boat to naÀn·: twenty that man’s camp. naÀn· daatsöÎ ‡¯À: twenty-one naekÀ: leave by vehicle NaÀn· daatsöÎ ‡¯À gokÀ ha‡hdo h·töe. It is twenty- Dàhtöe dÀ bus naekÀ ha?: When is the bus going one feet long. to leave? nagÀa, hanÃ-le dÀ lagÀa: minute Bus naÀhke nÃ?: Has the bus left? hoÕn· nagÀa: ten minutes 73 nagÀa köa˙Í: less than a minute, second nakwenàa˙·· z‡Í: prophetic song, song given to become a prophet nagoÀhkö·: make fire, make fire again KÎ nagogeÀhkö· ha. They are going to make a fire. nakwenàa˙·· zh‡Í: prophetic song, song given to become a prophet nagohts‡: rebuild KÎ nagogehts‡. They are rebuilding the house. na¯aet¯öÃ: pour (intransitive verb) Ti goköe na¯aet¯öÃ. The water is pouring on us. nagÕhzo: frost na¯aet¯öÕ: pour in large amounts (intransitive verb), Nah˙fifi gotö‡Í: Mountain people gush Nah˙finÀ: Nahanni Butte Ti na¯aet¯öÕ. Water is gushing. nahoezÃ: take a breather, rest na¯ayeeht¯öÃ: pour out, dump (verb) Nàke sadzeÀ xÀÀt¯· nahotsöeezÃ. Every two hours SatsÎ yÃi tsö· eht¯öÀ na¯a‡ht¯öÃ. Dump the ashes we take a breather. from the stove. nahoezhÃ: take a breather, rest na¯edeeköà: get fat again, gain weight Nàke sadzeÀ xÀÀt¯· nahotsöeezhÃ. Every two hours candy we take a breather. nanà: nasaÀhtö·: time of the year when the sun gets nahwh‡: snow-blindness warmer, springtime Nahwh‡ ayÍlà. He is snow-blind. nasÀt‡: eat again nahzoh: frost, hoarfrost, be frosted DaàtsöeÀhzhaa nahzoh. Eyeglasses are frosted nashÀt‡: eat again over. nat·m·eda, hanÃ-le dÀ nat‡m·eda: run back (one naidiÃ: horsefly person) HanÃ ÀtöiÃ gom· nat·moÀhja. Right away the naÃchöo: get angry, get mad mother ran back. Eyi done edetsöÎ naÃchöo. That guy gets angry at himself. nat·m·edÀ: run back (plural) Chekoa et¯e gea˙‡ kÕ chekoa hazh·Î naÃda: live again, come back to life, resurrection When they saw the child walking (noun) nat·m·geÀhde. along, all of the children ran back. NaÃdadzflÈ: Easter nat·ye˙ah: turn inside out, turn right side out NaÃdadzflÈ Zaà: April TsöÕ nat·ne˙ah. Turn the blanket over. naÃt¯ö‡: flash (verb) nat·yege: turn inside out, turn right side out naÃtsöo: get angry, get mad T¯öà˙eh nat·nege. Turn the pants inside out. Eyi done edetsöÎ naÃtsöo. That guy gets angry at nats‡˙eele: gather things himself. nats‡deetsöÕ: pucker up (plastic, hide, or cloth) naka, hanÃ-le dÀ nàaka: northern lights nats‡deewÃ: have a muscle cramp Nakaà TÃ: Labrish Lake nats‡yeele: gather up (sticks) nakenahoh¯À: agreement is made natsÎàghe: pitch dark nakenahohts‡: make peace natsöeetee kÎ: hotel, motel, bedroom nakwe¯ÎÎ: first, very first time natsöeetöà: leave, going back (two people), leave, nakwenàa˙··, hanÃ-le dÀ nakwenàho˙··: prophet, returning (two people) seer Sach· dÀ nageetöà ha. They will be leaving to go back tomorrow. 74 naweh¯À: let me be (it) again nayee˙Í: see again Töeekoa naweh¯À. Let me be a little girl again. Naneeh˙Í ha. I’ll see you again. nawhe˙a: extend across or around nayeechi: carry back (single object) Kw‡Í dokwö·Î wem·· nawhe˙a. There is a fence nayeehtöÃ: pull again, pull back extending around a person’s grave. Teht¯öiÃ yegha nayeÀhtöi. He pulled back the net nawhehtso: be wet string for him. Segohtö·Î nawhehtso. My clothes are wet. nayeele: carry back (plural objects), return (plural nawhetöi: be stretched across, be drawn across objects), pay back (money, credit account) kechfifi nawhetöii: stroud around the heel of a Sen‡ht¯öÀÀ naeh¯e ha. I am going to pay my debt. moccasin nayeet‡: carry back (rigid object) nawhÃle: be missing again, be gone again Nedà töà, nayeet‡ ha dÃÀ. Because it is heavy, he Köach‡ köom·Îd·Î agÕjà hÕ töeekoa ‡¯À köach‡ can’t carry it back. wenawhÃle n·Î. Again the morning came and nayeet¯öÀ: write again, rewrite another girl was missing again. Köach‡ nan‡‡t¯öÀ. Rewrite it. naxaeko: throw up, vomit nayeetsi: carry back (single object) Naxaeko. He is vomiting. NaxaÀhko. He vomited. nayeewa: carry back (many things) MÕlaidii naewa ha. He is going to carry back the we two, we, you all, you two, us nax‡: groceries. nayaachi: carrying along Sechi tsöÕ j· nayÍ‡wa. My brother brought the T¯‡ nasaachi. The dogs are carrying me along./I’m blankets back here. travelling by dogs. nayeÀhkö·: relight, switch on the lights again Natsöaachi làajà. He looks like he is being carried along. nayehdzÃ: catch again using a hook, hook again nayaadi: pushing (it) along nayehjÃ: catch again using a hook, hook again nayaadli: pulling back along nayehkwi: put out (fire or lights), extinguish nayaale: carrying along (plural objects) nayeh¯Ã: snare again Eyi ÀtöiÃ nayeh¯Ã. He snared the same one again. nayaat‡: carrying along (rigid object) nayehsà: dry (clothes) nayaatsi: carrying along Gohtö· natsöehsà ha. We are going to dry the The dogs are carrying me along./I’m T¯‡ nasaatsi. clothes. travelling by dogs. Natsöaatsi làadzà. He looks like he is being carried nayehshà: dry (clothes) along. Gohtö· natsöehshà ha. We are going to dry the clothes. nayahsÕ: pulling along, dragging along ¤daà nayahsÕ. He is pushing it ahead. nayehtà: count again, recalculate naye˙à: eat (repeatedly), take (medicine) nayeht‡: carry back (containerful) ¤¯À dzfl nàÀdi nàke naw‡˙à. Take two pills a day. nayehxe: carry back (heavy object), return (heavy ˜ÀtöÀhyÍfi lidÃ ta naye˙à. He eats donuts (by object) dunking them) in tea. nayehx‡: thaw (it), melt (it) nayee˙ah: put back (cloth object), carry back (cloth BÕ naihx‡. I have thawed out the meat. object), return (cloth object) Nayee˙ah. He is carrying it back. nayeköà: file, sharpen Gigha gokw‡ naneköà, dÀnÍ-le töà. File the axe for nayee˙à: put back (chunky object) them, because it is dull. 75 nayetöà: cut again nàch‡Àzha: be standing up (rigid objects) Tsöi nàch‡Àzha ‡lÀ k·, hazh·Î xàg‡‡hkà. There used nayiÃht¯a: light (verb), turn on lights to be trees standing there, but they cut them all KÎ naÍht¯a. Light a fire. down. nay‡: melt nàdadee˙Í: whisper nayÃÃ˙a: find again Nàdadee˙Ífi töà gode. He is talking in a whisper. NayÃÃ˙a ha. He will find it. nàdaetÃ: beg, plead, implore SesadzeÀ naÃh˙·. I found my watch again. Segh· nàdaetÃ ha. He is going to plead with me. naza: wool, yarn nàdahoe˙à: swear, abuse verbally Naza z· töà eht¯ö‡. I only knitted with yarn. Nàdaho‡˙à-le. Don’t swear. naza tsöah: toque, hat NÎhts‡ köÀchöa nàdahoe˙à. He blasphemes against naza˙eh: sweater God. nazha: wool, yarn nàdahoewo: (situation) is noisy with voices, Nazha z· töà eht¯ö‡. I only knitted with yarn. (situation) is in an uproar, there is a commotion En‡ht¯öÀkÎ goyiÃ nàdahoewo. It’s noisy in the nazha tsöah: toque, hat school. nazha˙eh: sweater nàde: live, stay nà˙edÃi d·Î: store manager, fur trader TsöÀko nàke kÎta nàgede. Two women are living in town. nà˙edÃi kÎ, hanÃ-le dÀ nà˙enÃi kÎ, nànÃikÎ: store, S‡nde ‡mbÀ goghàà hozÃi köe nà‡dÀ. My older shop brother stayed in the barrenlands for the whole nà˙edÃi köÀ, hanÃ-le dÀ nà˙enÃi köÀ, nànÃi köÀ: store, summer. shop nàdee˙Í: hide oneself, stay out of sight nà˙edlÕ: laugh, smile nàdetsöee˙Í‡ töà: secretly Sa köoh˙Í‡ nàdee˙Í. The sun is hiding in the clouds. nà˙eedÃ: serve food Nàs‡ hoh¯À n‡dÀ nà˙eedÃ ghaew‡. When there is a nàdlà: get ripped, tear (verb) feast he likes to serve. EjaköÀ enÃ‡töii nàdlà ha. The curtain is going to get ripped. nà˙eedÃi d·Î: person who serves at a feast, server Webàa z· nà‡dla. Only its edge was ripped. nà˙eekwÍ: chop up to make wood chips nàe˙À: step (verb) nà˙eekwÍ‡: wood chips Yaköe nà‡˙À. He stepped into heaven. nà˙ehbà: supply things, shop for things nàe˙Ífi töà: secretly Yegha nà˙ehbà. He buys supplies for him. nàeda: move (intransitive verb) nà˙etsÍ: colours from sunset, make signs in sign HanÃ-ÀtöiÃ eyi köach‡ nàeda ajà. Suddenly the thing language moved again. D· nà˙etsÍ köÀezh·. The man knows the weather T¯öi nàÀhd·. The string moved. by reading the sky. nàediÃ: bulldog fly, large fly nàaka, hanÃ-le dÀ naka: northern lights nàediÃcho: snake, serpent Nàakaà TÃ, hanÃ-le dÀ Nakaà TÃ: Labrish Lake nàediÃtso: snake, serpent nàakeÀ, hanÃ-le dÀ nàhokeÀ: twice nàedÃ: be bought, be for sale nàbe, hanÃ-le dÀ nàmbe: otter Dii ladà nàedÃ ha. This table is going to be sold.

76 nàedÃ gha: for sale nàgoede: (situation) is noisy, (situation) is busy nàedoo: ground (modifier) nàgoede-le: (situation) is quiet, (situation) is peaceful dat¯e nàedoo: detergent nàgoehde: be naughty, be rowdy, be unruly, be nàedli: be sewn active, be wild in behaviour ˘eh nàedli ha. The jacket is going to be sewn. T¯‡ nàgogeehde. The dogs are active/noisy. nàedlii kÎ: craft store nàgoÃchÃ: rushed around Wed·Î n··t¯a töà nàgoÃchÃ. Because her husband nàegàa: powdery snow came back, she rushed around. nàeköÀ: blast nàgoÃtsÃ: rushed around wetöà kwe nàeköÀe: dynamite Wed·Î n··t¯a töà nàgoÃtsÃ. Because her husband nàetà: step (verb), move the feet came back, she rushed around. TsöÀwh‡fi nàetà. He steps carefully. nàgot¯oÕ: be slippery nàetÎ: be broken, be cracked, be fractured, be Nàgot¯oÕ n‡dÀ, kwegwÃi t‡li köe ageh˙‡. When it’s broken down, be out-of-order slippery they put gravel on the road. LibÕ nàetÎ. The cup is broken. nàgoze: play nàewÃ: flow down, waterfall nàgotsöezee köÀ: gym nàÀdi: medicine, drugs, pills nàgozhe: play SedzeÀ gha nàÀdi ehdÀ. I’m taking medicine for nàgotsöezhee köÀ: gym my heart. nàgÕehge: kneel down nàÀdi dÀht¯öÀe: Vicks NàgÕg‡‡hgÀ. They knelt down. nàÀdi eehxoo: Eno nàgÕ‡h˙a: kneel nàÀdi köÀez··, hanÃ-le dÀ nàÀdi köÀÀzh··: doctor NàgÕtsö‡‡h˙a. We are kneeling. nàÀdi köÀez·· kÎ: clinic, nursing station, hospital nàgÕtsöehnÀe: right side, right-hand side NàgÕtsöehnÀe tsö· eeht¯öÀ. I’m writing with my nàÀdi köÀezh··, hanÃ-le dÀ nàÀdi köÀÀzh··: doctor right hand. nàÀdi köÀezh·· kÎ: clinic, nursing station, hospital nàghÕÕ: be competent, be capable, be smart, be nàÀdi nàedÃi kÎ: drugstore, pharmacy talented GohzhÃ töà nàghÕÕ. He is competent with a ball. nàÀdi n‡htsöia: Vicks nàhgfi: bushman, night raider during earlier times nàÀdi t·: medicine bottle, liquor bottle nàhkaa: wounded, injured, helpless nàÀdi t¯eÀ: ointment nàhkaa yehts‡: injure, inflict injury on, wound (him/ poison nàÀdii¯‡‡: her/it) nàÀdit·hkwö·Î: empty bottle nàhkfifi: wounded animal nàÀhza: be standing (plural objects) nàhoehdÀ: work vigorously (plural), labour (plural), Why are they standing? AyÃi gh· nàgeÀhza?: rush around (plural), be busy with many things (plural) EkÃi dets‡ nàÀhzaa töà hÕl‡. It’s just made with NàhoahdÀ!: Work! standing poles. D· nàhogeehdÀ. The people are working fast. nàÀhzha: be standing (plural objects) AyÃi gh· nàgeÀhzha?: Why are they standing? EkÃi dech‡ nàÀhzhaa töà hÕl‡. It’s just made with standing poles. 77 nàhoehwho: work vigorously (one person), labour nànidÀ: think (plural), worry (plural) (one person), rush around (one person), be busy with nànietÃ: grieve, suffer in mind, be weary in mind, be many things (one person) concerned, struggle mentally and physically ¤whaà nàhoehwho. She works fast. Go‡nÃ nànietÃ. We are weary in mind. K‡whfiË nàho‡hwho. Work fast! Gozha gh· nànitsöeetÃ. We struggle (to provide) for nàhoewo: there is a commotion, there is a rush our children. NàhoÀwo. There was a rush. nàniwo: think (one or two people), worry (one or two nàhokeÀ, hanÃ-le dÀ nàakeÀ: second time, twice people) TÀetö· köach‡ nàhokeÀ yexÀ tet¯a. The loon dove NàgezÀ gh· nàniwo. He thinks about hunting. with him again a second time. Wegh· nàninewo-le. Don’t worry about it. nàhotÃ: be hard times, be a struggle, be a need nàowo: idea, society, culture, custom, way of life, ¤nÈfl nàhotÃ. Back then it was hard times. conduct, behaviour, deeds, perspective, law, attitude TöasÃi wedfl nàhotÃ-le. Nothing is lacking. GonàowoÕ köÀÀ tsöeeda. We live by our ways of NàhotÃa töà ˙eh whehts‡. She just barely struggled life. to make a jacket. Yati yÃi done nàowoÕ whela hÎtöe. In the language is people’s way of life. nàhÕÀwo, hanÃ-le dÀ nàhÕÕwo: happen HanÃ nàhÕÀwo. That is how it happened. nàowo e¯Àele: do research, research Nàhtö‡Í: Chipewyan people (old word) nàs‡: feast, food of the feast Nàs‡ hoh¯À. There is a feast. nà‡˙ah: be standing up, be in a vertical position Nàs‡ nà˙ahdÃ ha. You people will serve at the feast. N‡hbàa tai nà‡öah. There are three tents set up. nàte: dream nà‡l‡‡: waterfall nàtee: seer, prophet Nà‡l‡‡: Lac La Martre Falls nàtÃ: struggle, have a hard time, be needy Nà‡l‡‡ KÎ: Fort Good Hope nàtÍ: break (intransitive verb) nà‡töih: hang down vertically Eja nàtÍ ha. The window is going to break. EjaköÀ nà‡töih. It is hanging at the window. LibÕ nàetÎ. The cup broke. nà‡woso: tall nàt·m·eda, hanÃ-le dÀ nàt‡m·eda: run to a place ejalibÕ nà‡woso: tall glass (one person) nà‡xe: get dark outside, be dusk HanÃ-ÀtöiÃ edekÎ tsöÎ nàt·m·Àzha. Right then she nàÃt¯oh: flare up ran to her house. W‡nÃ nàÃt¯oh. He is temperamental. nàt¯a: go (one or two people), travel to a place (one nàke: two or two people) S·ÎmbaköÀ nàwh‡t¯a nÃ?: Have you gone to nàke lemÃ a‡hda: ton, two thousand pounds Yellowknife? NàkedzflÈ: Tuesday Edmonton nànet¯a ha nÃ?: Are you going to travel to Edmonton? nàketöà: second position Nàketöà wheda. He is second (in line). nàt¯a: be fast NeyatiÃ edÃ de˙ÎÎ nàt¯a dÃÀ. Your speaking is really fall down (single object) nàkwöi: too fast./You talk too fast. Nàw‡kwöi sÎÎ!: Don’t fall! Edech· nàflflkwöo. You fell down in your sleep. godzeÀ nàkwöii: heart attack nà¯egeeboo: swing 78 nàt¯öÃ: fall (verb), shed (of hair) nàyeehkwa: whip (him/her/it), punish with a whip NÎdawÕ ˙eh gha nez‡, weghà nàt¯öÃ-le töà. Lynx nàyeehsÃ: pelt (him/her/it) with things or blows, hit fur is good for jackets, because the hair does not (him/her/it) by throwing more than one thing shed. Tsö·Îko nàke gokw‡ töà nàg‡‡hsÃ. The two old Rocks fell on me. Kwe seköe nà‡t¯öi. women hit it with the axe. nàts‡Àza: be standing up (rigid objects) nàyeehshÃ: pelt (him/her/it) with things or blows, hit There used Tsöi nàts‡Àza ‡lÀ k·, haz·Î xàg‡‡hkà. (him/her/it) by throwing more than one thing to be trees standing there, but they cut them all Tsö·Îko nàke gokw‡ töà nàg‡‡hshÃ. The two old down. women hit it with the axe. nàtso: be strong, be severe nàyeehtöi: punch (him/her/it) Nànetso. You are strong. LÃgawhÃ siÃ nàtso. The coffee is really strong. nàyeeht¯öÃ: hit (him/her/it) with a stick T¯‡fi nàeht¯öÃ ha. He is going to hit the puppy with a be weak nàtso-le: stick. nàwo: stand (one or two people), live (one or two Nàtsö‡‡ht¯öa. We hit it. people), stay (one or two people) nàyeehxà: club (him/her/it), hit (him/her/it) with a He lives in Rae Lakes. GamÀtÃ nàwo. stick Whaà nàiwo. I’ve been standing a long time. Dech‡ töà nàyeehxà ha ‡lÀ. He was going to hit it nàwheàdlii: floating stick for fish net with a stick. Nàs‡‡hxe. He clubbed me. nàwheàdlii kweÀ: weight for floating stick for fish net nàyeekà: slap nàxoeghà: play cards Nàg‡‡kà. They slapped him. Xàà töà nàxogeeghà. They are playing cards. nàyeekwi: pitch (a tent), put up (a tent) nàyaehti: complain, argue, discuss at length D·zhÃi t¯ö·hbàa nàgeekwi. The men are pitching Setà eneÀko daah¯e tsö·˙Î nàyaehti ghaewi. the tent. Because my dad is becoming an old man, he likes to complain. nàyeekwÍ: chop with an axe E¯etsöÎ nàyageehti. They are arguing with each nàyeeli: sew other. Edegha gohtö· nàeli. She is sewing clothes for nàyaeti: there is a court session, be judged herself. GodÀ n··dea nez‡Í nà˙eeli dÃÀ. The youngest nàyaetii kÎ: courthouse sister can sew very well. nàyeede: grind, wind up, screw (verb) nàyeetà: kick SadzeÀ nàede ha. He is going to wind up the The boy kicked the ball. clock. Chekoa gohzhÃ nà‡‡ta. BÕ nàg‡‡do. They have ground up the meat. nàyeezÃ: break (it) Edza nàiizÃ. I broke the window. nàyeeghà: make wood shavings, shave (wood) nàyeezhÃ: break (it) nàyeehdÃ: buy Eja nàiizhÃ. I broke the window. AyÃi seÀ Mary negha nàyeehdÃ ha n‡di?: What did you say Mary is going to buy for you? nàyeh˙Í: hide (him/her/it) Sach· n‡dÀ nà˙eehdÃ ha. I’m going to go shopping D·zhÃa gokÀ nàgeÀh˙‡. The little boys hid our tomorrow. shoes. nàyeehköa: hit (him/her/it) by throwing nàyeh˙·: discipline (him/her), scold (him/her) TatsÎ edekÀ kà‡tàh xÀ, tsöÀko nà‡‡hköa. The raven Chekoa nàgiah˙·!: Discipline the children! took off his shoes and hit the woman. nàyehbo: swing (him/her/it) 79 nàyehdlà: tear (it) ne: be Mary sehsah ne. Mary is my niece. nàyehge: stand (it) up for cooking, stand (it) on end BÕ dech‡ köe kÎ gà nàtsöehge ha. We are going to nechà: be big, be large stand meat on a stick beside the fire. nechà-le, hanÃ-le dÀ nechà-lea: be small nàyehsà: wear (it) out T¯‡fi nechà-lea hÎtöe. The puppy is small. EdekÀ nàhsà ha. He is going to wear out his nedà: be heavy shoes. Nehdà hanÃkÕ sedÀ sÃi nedà-le. I am heavy but my I wore out the sewing SatsÎ nà˙edlii nàihsà. sister is light. machine. nedà-le: be light in weight nàyehtsÍ: pick up, gather up, collect En‡ht¯öÀch‡Í hazh·Î nànehtsÍ. Pick up all the nedà-lea: be very light in weight pencils. nedÀ, hanÃ-le dÀ nendÀ: be long t¯‡ nàhtsÍ‡ d·Î: dog catcher We˙eÀ nedÀ. Her coat is long. nàyekwÕ: cut into strips nedz‡, hanÃ-le dÀ dej‡: be scared, be afraid, be nàyetöà: cut up, operate on frightened Sechi nàtöà ha. He is going to operate on my Tsöenedz‡ ‡lÀ. We were afraid. younger brother. neghoa, hanÃ-le dÀ neghori: be narrow, be skinny nàyÀhzÍ: recognize DaÀhte neghoa. The bed is narrow. NàsÀhzÍ ha-le s·ni. He might not recognize me. neghoria: candle (old word) nàyÀhzhÍ: recognize nehodz·: be ashamed NàsÀhzhÍ ha-le s·ni. He might not recognize me. Yegh· nehodz·. He is ashamed of him. nàyiitÎ: hold nehoj·: be ashamed nàzà: wear out (intransitive verb) Yegh· nehoj·. He is ashamed of him. SatsÎt¯eÀ whÃle tsö·˙Î dii satsÎ nà˙edlii nà‡zà. nej‡, hanÃ-le dÀ dej‡: be scared, be afraid, be Because there was no machine oil, this sewing frightened machine wore out. Tsöenej‡ ‡lÀ. We were afraid. nàzÀ: hunt neköÎfi: be short Ek·Î nàgedÀe sÃi, d· ‡¯À gogha nàzÀ. The ones T¯öi neköÎa dÃÀ. The string is too short. who live there, one man hunts for them. Dii sa neköÎfi. This month is short. nàzÀ: be given out, be distributed net¯·: be lots, be many, be much S·Îmba nàzÀ ha. The money is to be given out. Kweköaà net¯· e¯exÀ atö‡. Snowbirds are in large nàzÀe d·Î: hunter flocks. nàzÀe gha köàowo: chief hunter, one in charge of netsà: be big, be large hunting netsà-le, hanÃ-le dÀ nechà-lea: be small nàzÀedeÀ: great hunter T¯‡fi netsà-lea hÎtöe. The puppy is small. Eded‡ nàzÀedeÀ el‡ ne. He is a great hunter. nez‡: be good, be right, be nice, be proper, be neat nàzhÀ: be given out, be distributed Cheko net¯öàx·Î n‡dÀ sÃi genez‡ dÃÀ. The kids were S·Îmba nàzhÀ ha. The money is to be given out. really good when you were away. nËfi: west nez‡ adaade: healing, getting better, recuperating nËfi n‡htsöiÃ: west wind nez‡choÕ-le: be mediocre, be not so good, be not very good NËfi N‡htsöiÃ Tsö·Îhköe: Western Arctic 80 nez‡Í: well (adverb), nicely niÃt¯a: get up (one person), get out of bed (one Sem· nez‡Í kÎ köÀdÃ. My mother keeps the house person) nicely. Dàhtöe dÀ niÍt¯a ha?: When are you going to get up? nez‡-le: be unpleasant, be bad, be no good niÃwhel‡: cascade over, flow over nez‡tsoÕ-le: be mediocre, be not so good, be not It cascaded down. very good ¤zhiÃ tsöÎ niÃwhel‡. nilÀ, hanÃ-le dÀ ‡lÀ: Past Tense marker, used to be, nÀ-, hanÃ-le dÀ nÃ-: downward (prefix), to the ground was (prefix), arrival (prefix) SekÎ goköeehtÍ ha ‡lÀ. I was supposed to be NÀtÀn‡‡˙ah. Spread it on the ground. sweeping my house. nÀ, hanÃ-le dÀ dÀ, n‡dÀ: when, if niwà: be far away Tsö·Îko¯‡‡ wet¯ö·hmbàa xa nàahtöà nÀ, eh¯Ía Behch‡Í yah˙ÎÎ niwà whet·. The car is far over köeahtöà. When you walk past the bad woman’s there. tent, walk quietly. niwà gotsöÎ: for a long ways nÀ, hanÃ-le dÀ dÀ, ndÀ: land, country SenÀköe ho‡z‡. It is nice in my country. niwà-le: be near, be nearby, be close by nÀsimÍ, hanÃ-le dÀ lÃsimÍ: towel niwà-lea: be very close by, be very near, be nearby Chekoa sÃi kÎta tsöÎ niwà-lea nÃ‡t¯a. The boy had nÀtÀ-, hanÃ-le dÀ nÃtÀ-: spread on the ground (prefix) gotten very close to the camp. ni˙à: extend niw·: want, wish, need, think, hope WhatÃ tsöÎ t‡li ni˙à. A road runs to Whati. Nez‡ ha niw·. He thinks it will be good. Akwee whaà S·ÎmbaköÀ tsöÎ t‡li ni˙à-le ‡lÀ. Long I decided to do without it. ago the road didn’t extend to Yellowknife. Wedfl kÕ dehwh·. ¤xÈfl ch· ade ha tsöeniwÍ. Yesterday we thought it niedÃ: understand was going to rain. NiehdÃ. I understand. niyeetöà: cut up, butcher (it) nig·Î˙à: slope down sharply D· wÀhdaà ekwÎ nigeetöà. Some people are DÀ nig·Î˙à. The land slopes sharply down. butchering the caribou. nihse: potato niyiÃ˙ah: take up (cloth object), pick up (cloth object) nihse köÀ: garden, potato patch niyiÃchi: pick up (chunky object), take up (chunky nihsegÎfi: potato chips object) Kwe niÃchi ha. He is going to pick up the rock. nihshe: potato niyiÃhchih: take up (cloth object), pick up (cloth nihshe köÀ: garden, potato patch object) nihshegÎfi: potato chips niyiÃhtÀ: take up (animate object), pick up (animate niÃle, hanÃ-le dÀ nÃle: is not object) Setsö· niÃle. It is not mine. niyiÃht‡: take up (containerful), pick up (containerful) niÃl‡‡: waterfalls niyiÃhtsih: take up (cloth object), pick up (cloth object) niÃtöa: fly away, take off flying niyiÃhxe: take up (heavy object), pick up (heavy Dàhtöe dÀ niÍtöa ha. When are you going to fly object) away? HanÃ-ÀtöiÃ tatsÎ niÃt¯a xÀ niÃtöo. Right away the niyiÃkà: take up (plateful), pick up (plateful) raven got up and flew away.

81 niyiÃle: take up (plural objects), pick up (plural N‡htsöi Nàtsoo Zaà: March objects) n‡htsöi nechàa: windstorm niyiÃtsi: pick up (chunky object), take up (chunky n‡htsöi netsàa: windstorm object) Kwe niÃtsi ha. He is going to pick up the rock. n‡htsöi whekÎ·: warm wind, chinook wind niyiÃwa: take up (many things), pick up (many things) n‡htsöiyeÀ: whirlwind, tornado n‡: you (one person) n‡htsöiyeÀdeÀ: tornado n‡dÀ, hanÃ-le dÀ ‡dÀ, dÀ: if, when, while, whenever, in n‡htsöiyÀa: small whirlwind case n‡‡l‡: flow (verb) EdaÀkö· agotöÍ n‡dÀ, xah ¯· n·edÀ. When spring comes, lots of geese return. n‡‡l‡‡: stream, river n‡hbàa, hanÃ-le dÀ n·hbàa, n‡hmbàa: tent n‡‡töi: be stretched out, span T¯öi deh köÀÀ n‡‡töi aah¯e gÕhdi. He told them to n‡hbàachàa: tent flaps, tent lower sides stretch the rope tight along the river. N‡hbàachàa nez‡Í anele. Fix the tent flaps nicely. n‡Ílà, hanÃ-le dÀ n‡Ílà sÍÍ, n‡ÍlÀ sÍÍ: Expression n‡hbàachËfi: area of the lower edge of the tent indicating that an unexpected action happened N‡hbàachËfi köe‡töÍ. Look around the lower edge of Ti nàeda yeÀhkwö· n‡Ílà, ti nàeda-le ajà. She could the tent. hear the water moving, then suddenly the water n‡hbàatsàa: tent flaps, tent lower sides stopped moving. N‡hbàatsàa nez‡Í anele. Fix the tent flaps nicely. ¤dii dzflahta j· nàtsöedÀ ha daahdi n‡Ílà. Last week you people said you would come here. n‡hbàatsËfi: area of the lower edge of the tent N‡hbàatsËfi köe‡töÍ. Look around the lower edge of nÃ: Question marker the tent. BÕ nez‡ nÃ?: Is the meat good? T¯eekwoo h‡ nflflw· nÃ?: Do you want butter too? N‡hsÃh KÎ: Old Fort Rae nÃ-, hanÃ-le dÀ nÀ-: downward (prefix), to the ground Old Fort Rae site N‡hsÃh KöÀ: (prefix), arrival (prefix) N‡hshÃh KÎ: Old Fort Rae NÃtÀn‡‡˙ah. Spread it on the ground. N‡hshÃh KöÀ: Old Fort Rae site nÃ˙à: stop ticking SadzeÀ nÃ˙à. The clock stopped ticking. n‡ht¯öÀ, hanÃ-le dÀ en‡ht¯öÀ: book, paper, mail, bill, ticket, licence, photograph, grade level nÃ˙e: arrive by boat HozÃi köe nÃg‡‡˙e n‡dÀ, ekwÎ gÃhköÀ ha. When they n‡hts·Î: black berries which grow near the mission in arrive by boat to the barrenlands, they will shoot Rae caribou. n‡htsöi: wind, breeze, air nÃa-, hanÃ-le dÀ nÃna-: put back (prefix) N‡htsöi wheköÕ. The wind is cool. nÃayee˙a, hanÃ-le dÀ nÃnayee˙a: put back (chunky n‡htsöi dàà: against the wind, facing the wind object), return (chunky object) N‡htsöi dàà natsöe˙a. We are facing against the wind. nÃayee˙ah, hanÃ-le dÀ nÃnayee˙ah: put back (cloth object), return (cloth object) n‡htsöi ehts‡‡: fan, pressure pump ˘eh nà˙edÃiköÀ nÃayÍ‡h˙ah. He returned the coat to n‡htsöi köÀÀ, hanÃ-le dÀ n‡htsöi köÈÈ: with the wind, the store. downwind nÃayeechi, hanÃ-le dÀ nÃnayeechi: put back (chunky n‡htsöi köoÕ: wind clouds object), return (chunky object) LibÕ nÃnaechi ha. He will return the cup. 82 nÃayeedi, hanÃ-le dÀ nÃnayeedi: handle again, nÃhÕdaakwöe: be about to take place reposition nÃhÕewi: (situation) take place, be time for something Nez‡Í nÃayeÀdÃ. He fixed him up again. WebebÃa gÎh¯‡ ha nÃho‡wo. The time has arrived for nÃayeehte, hanÃ-le dÀ nÃnayeehte: put back (animate her baby to be born. object), return (animate object) nÃhÕkwöi, hanÃ-le dÀ nÃkwöi: arrive (situation), take He took her back there. Ek·Î nÃayÍ‡ht‡. place (situation), come about (situation) nÃayeehxe, hanÃ-le dÀ nÃnayeehxe: put back (heavy Eyi dzflÈ köe nÃhÕkwöi ha. It will take place on that object), return (heavy object) day. ˜À j· nÃnayeehxe ha. He will bring the flour back WebebÃa gÎh¯‡ ha nÃhÕkwöoh. The time has arrived here. for her baby to be born. J· nÃayÍ‡hxÀ. He brought it back here. nÃhÕkwöoh, hanÃ-le dÀ nÃkwöoh: arrived (situation), nÃayeeka, hanÃ-le dÀ nÃnayeeka: put back (plateful), happened (situation), took place (situation) return (plateful) WebebÃa gÎh¯‡ ha nÃhÕkwöoh. The time has arrived Kwöà yetsöÎ nÃayeeka. He brings back the plate to for her baby to be born. him. En‡ht¯öÀkÎ enÃkàetÍ ha nÃhÕkwöoh. The time has come for the post office to open. nÃayeele, hanÃ-le dÀ nÃnayeele: put back (plural objects), return (plural objects) nÃ‡˙·, hanÃ-le dÀ -gh· nÃ‡˙·, -gh· nÀni˙·: Expression Edzo tsöÎ nÃayeele. He brings them back to Edzo. for telling time, o’clock, arrive at a time TöasÃi ¯· nÃayÍ‡la. He brought back many things. nàke nÃ‡˙·: two o’clock nÃayeet‡, hanÃ-le dÀ nÃnayeet‡: put back (rigid object), nÃ‡hwhà, hanÃ-le dÀ nÀnihwhà: be long in time return (rigid object) Dzfl nÃ‡hwhà agotöÍ n‡dÀ, ho‡z‡ dÃÀ. When the days Tso ‡¯àetöea j· nÃayeet‡. He brings one piece of get to be long, it is really nice. wood here. nÃÃtöa, hanÃ-le dÀ nÍtöa: arrive by plane Dech‡kàà ‡¯À j· nÃayÍ‡t·. He brought back one Setà nÃÃtöa ha. My father will arrive by plane. board. nÃÃt¯a, hanÃ-le dÀ nÍt¯a: arrive (one person), stop (one put back (chunky nÃayeetsi, hanÃ-le dÀ nÃnayeechi: person) object), return (chunky object) Behch‡Í nÃÃt¯a ha. The truck is going to stop. LibÕ nÃnaetsi ha. He will return the cup. Dàhtöe dÀ nÃ‡t¯a ha?: When are you going to arrive? nÃayeewa, hanÃ-le dÀ nÃnayeewa: put back (many nÃÃt¯öi: pile up (plural objects), come together (liquid), things), return (many things) be pooled (liquid) Ek·Î nÃayeewa ha-le. He is not going to bring GohzhÃ segà nÃ‡ht¯öi. The balls piled up beside me. them back there. gokwÎ köe nÃ‡ht¯öii: chicken pox nÃetsÍ, hanÃ-le dÀ nÀetsÈ: get tired, tire (verb) nÃkÀ: arrive (vehicle), stop (vehicle) NÃetsÍ kwe detÀ ha. She is going to go to bed Dàt¯· gh· nÃ‡˙· dÀ bus j· nÃkÀ ha?: What time will before she gets tired. the bus stop here? nÃgitöà: arrive (two people) Behch‡Í töà j· nÃ‡hke. He came here by car. Tabàa nÃg‡‡töa ÀtöiÃ, eneÀko ‡hdaa edÀhts‡. As soon nÃna-, hanÃ-le dÀ nÃa-: put back (prefix) as they had arrived at the shore, the old man made himself into a jackfish. nÃn‡‡ts·, hanÃ-le dÀ nÃ‡ts·, nÀn‡‡ts·: be tired Whaà nàiwo töà sekwö·Î nÃn‡‡ts·. I stood so long boil (verb), brew (verb) nÃgha: that my legs are tired. LidÃ s‡lài nagÀa tsöÎ nÃgha ha. The tea is going to NÃiits· dÃÀ. I’m very tired. brew for five minutes. Ti nÃghà, lidÃ weta anele. The water has boiled, put the tea in. 83 nÃtÀ-, hanÃ-le dÀ nÀtÀ-: spread on the ground (prefix) nÃyeetsi, hanÃ-le dÀ nÀyeechi: put down (single object), place down (single object) nÃtÀyele: spread out on the ground (plural objects) Ed‡Í seÀ bÕ nÃehtsi ha?: Where am I going to put nÃtÀyewa: spread out on the ground (many things) the meat down? Sem· ˙oo n‡hbàa yÃi nÃtÀyewa ha. My mother is Tseko ˘ori t¯öa nÃyeÀtsÃ. The boy placed it under going to spread out spruce boughs in the tent. the spruce boughs. nÃtÀze: be spread out on the ground (plural objects) nÃyehchi, hanÃ-le dÀ nÀyehchi: put down (cloth KwöàwÕ nÃtÀze. The tablecloths are spread out on object), place down (cloth object) the ground. nÃyehtÀ, hanÃ-le dÀ nÀyehtÀ: put down (animate nÃtÀzhe: be spread out on the ground (plural objects) object), place down (animate object), give birth to KwöàwÕ nÃtÀzhe. The tablecloths are spread out on D·zhÃa nÃ‡htÀ ha. You will give birth to a boy. the ground. KwöahtideÀ set¯öàx·Î nÃy‡‡ht‡. The chief put him in nÃtöa: be put on (single object), be placed on (single my place. object) DÀeköe nÃyehtÀ ha. She will place him on the SatsÎ weköe nÃtö·. A medal was placed on him. ground. nÃtsöidÀ: arrive (plural) nÃyehtsi, hanÃ-le dÀ nÀyehchi: put down (cloth Sach· dÀ GamÀtÃ köe gotsö· done j· nÃgidÀ ha. object), place down (cloth object) Tomorrow the people from Rae Lakes will arrive nÃyehxe, hanÃ-le dÀ nÀyehxe: put down (heavy here. object), place down (heavy object) nÃwi: get hot, get flushed SatsÎ ka nÀyehxe ha. He is going to place it on NÃÃwÃ. He is hot. top of the stove. NÃ‡wi sÎÎ. Make sure you don’t get hot. DÀeköe nÀy‡‡hxÀ. He placed it on the ground. nÃye˙a, hanÃ-le dÀ nÀye˙a: put down (chunky object), nÃyele, hanÃ-le dÀ nÀyele: put down (plural objects), place down (chunky object) place down (plural objects), set (plural objects), LamÎ· selakwö·Î köe nÃ‡˙à. Put the ring on my deposit (plural objects) finger. Ke hazh·Î daÀhte t¯öa nÃyele ha. She is going to put all the shoes under the bed. nÃye˙ah, hanÃ-le dÀ nÀye˙ah: put down (cloth S·Îmba whelaa kÎ nÃeh¯e ha ‡lÀ. I should have object), place down (cloth object) deposited it in the bank. Eyi nÀyÍ‡h˙ah. She laid it down there. S‡ z· sezha ehdzoo nÃ‡la. Only my son has set nÃyeechi, hanÃ-le dÀ nÀyeechi: put down (single traps. object), place down (single object) nÃyetÍ, hanÃ-le dÀ nÀyetÍ: put down (rigid object), Ed‡Í seÀ bÕ nÃehchi ha?: Where am I going to put place down (rigid object) the meat down? Dech‡ ‡zhiÃ nÃyetÍ ha. He is going to put the stick Cheko ˘ori t¯öa nÃyeÀchÃ. The boy placed it under down. the spruce boughs. nÃyewa, hanÃ-le dÀ nÀyewa: put down (many things), nÃyeedi, hanÃ-le dÀ nÀyeedi: handle (him/her/it), leave place down (many things) (him/her) in a certain condition, dress (him/her) Ladà köe en‡ht¯öÀ nÃ‡wa. Put the books on the table. Nez‡Í nÃyeedi ha. He is going to leave him in a good position. nÃze, hanÃ-le dÀ nÀzhe: be put down (plural objects), HanÃ nÃyeÀdÃ. That’s the condition he left him in. be placed (plural objects), arrive (plural objects) Ladà köe kwöà nÃze. The dishes are being placed nÃyeekà, hanÃ-le dÀ nÀyeekà: put down (plateful), on the table. place down (plateful) ¤xÈfl eneÀko tseÀ nÃza. Yesterday the old age Ladà köe nÃ‡kà. Put it on the table. pension cheques arrived.

84 nÃzhe, hanÃ-le dÀ nÀzhe: be put down (plural objects), n·hts‡‡: trees used as markers on a lake trail be placed (plural objects), arrive (plural objects) n·hwhe: marten Ladà köe kwöà nÃzhe. The dishes are being placed on the table. n··de: last time, end, later ¤xÈfl eneÀko cheÀ nÃzha. Yesterday the old age Hazh·Î nàgeedi t¯öàx·· n‡dÀ, lidÃ n··de pension cheques arrived. goghàgiedi. After they have served everything, they give them tea last of all. -nÍ‡: deceased, when (he/she) was alive sem·nÍ‡: my deceased mother n··de dzflÈ: last day, end of time nÍzÃi: fog rising off the water n··de töà: last in a sequence, finally nÍzhÃi: fog rising off the water n··de töÎ: second last n·: Expression of politeness in request or command, n··dea: youngest be sure to (do something) godÀ n··dea: our youngest sister Ek·Î nàw‡t¯a n·. Be sure to go there. n··deÀ: fnally, at last n·bawee: period of time when the dusk is long N··deÀ gigÕh˙·. They finally found him. n·di: wolf n··töa, hanÃ-le dÀ n·etöa: return by plane N·dikahtÃ: McKay Lake n·Î, hanÃ-le dÀ l·Î: evidently, apparently, obviously Tiköe t‡li gehts‡ ‡lÀ n·Î. Evidently they made a road coyote n·ditsoa: across the lake. N·dÃi: area around Edzo, plateau which runs from T¯‡ y‡‡˙à ‡lÀ n·Î. Obviously the dog ate it. Whati to Fort Providence n·Îla, hanÃ-le dÀ enÎla: women’s short axe n·dlàa: cloudberry Nen·Îla segh·nÃ‡˙à. Lend me your short axe. n·et¯a, hanÃ-le dÀ n··t¯a: travel back (one person), n·ts‡: skunk return (one person) nÎchaa: crane J· n·Àht¯a. He came back here. nÎda: lynx n·et¯a: go across (one person) ¤nÎÎ n·eht¯a ha. I am going to go across. nÎdazaa: lynx kitten n·gÀe: fox nÎdazhaa: lynx kitten n·gÀe dekwoo, hanÃ-le dÀ n·gÀekwoo: red fox nÎgha: wolverine n·gÀe dez··: black fox nÎhköÀÀ: sideways, to one side, width NÎhköÀÀ dÀhzo. It slipped sideways. n·gÀe dÀht¯öÀe: blue fox nÎhtà: grebe, red-necked grebe n·gÀe˙··: fox’s den nÎhtàtsoa: small grebe n·gÀechöàhotö‡: cross fox nÎhtöÕ: sharp-sided, wedge-shaped n·gÀeköoa: white fox dat‡ nÎhtöÕo: square needle for sewing hide n·gÀetsöàhotö‡: cross fox NÎhts‡: God, Jesus n·gÀewÕ: fox skin NÎhts‡ En‡ht¯öÀ: Bible, Holy Scriptures n·hbàa, hanÃ-le dÀ n‡hbàa, n‡hmbàa: tent NÎhts‡ En‡ht¯öÀcho: Bible n·hbàa wha: tent pole NÎhts‡ En‡ht¯öÀtso: Bible n·hkwÀe: loche NÎhts‡ ¯ÀtöÀ: communion bread, holy bread, host at mass 85 NÎhts‡ yatiÃ: religion, God’s word ndÀ nahzoh, hanÃ-le dÀ dÀ nagoÀhzoh: land is dewy or wet, land is frosty nÎmba, hanÃ-le dÀ nÎba: weasel ndÀ teÀwÃi: flood nÎmbalà: canvas ndÀ ti daÃwÃi, hanÃ-le dÀ ndÀ datiÃwÃi: overflow of nÎmbalà˙eh: parka land, water overflow, flood nÎnda: Big Dipper ndÀ tsoÕ: wet ground nÎ·ghÕo: wavy ndÀ tsö· dehsee: vegetable lÃmflÈ nÎ·ghÕo: rickrack ndÀ tsö· dehsee köÀ: garden, farmland nÎ·kwÃetöa: nod the head ndÀ tsö· dehshee: vegetable nÎ·kwÃeye: shake the head ndÀ tsö· dehshee köÀ: garden, farmland nÎÎ: width NÎÎ dàt¯· golahchÃ h·töe?: How many inches is ndÀ xà‡gÀe, hanÃ-le dÀ ndÀ kà‡gÀe: ditch (noun) the width? ndÀ yÃi gÕht··, hanÃ-le dÀ ndÀ goyÃi gÕht··: nÎtsaa: crane permafrost ndÀ yÃi xà‡l‡‡, hanÃ-le dÀ ndÀ goyÃi kà‡l‡‡: spring of water ndÀetsöÎ köàowo: government ndÀÀyeh, hanÃ-le dÀ dÀÀyeh: calm, calm water, T¯‡ch· kãÈÈ ndi: island ndi: say, said, tell -ndiÃ: food, bait nd-: Words with the spelling can be spelled ¯iwendiÃ: bait in fishing with .nd ¯iwendÃa: mayfly t¯‡chondiÃ: rolled oats -ndeÀ: great, important, big, original kwöahtindeÀ: chief tsàndeÀ: largest beaver ndÀ: ground, land, earth, dirt T¯‡ch· kãÈÈ ndÀ datiÃwÃi: flood ndÀ goehsee köÀ, hanÃ-le dÀ ndÀ honehshee köÀ: garden ·hchÃ: big sack for storing clothes ndÀ goehshee köÀ, hanÃ-le dÀ ndÀ honehshee köÀ: oAn ohchi is bigger then ‹hchÃ tehmÍ nahköe nechà. garden a tehmi. ndÀ gon‡ht¯öÀÀ: map en‡ht¯öÀwÕ ·hchÃ: paper bag ndÀ got¯eÀ: kerosene ·hdah, hanÃ-le dÀ ·hndah: older people, adult, elder, be old in age ndÀ gozÃi kÎ: basement sezha ·hdaà: my eldest son ndÀ gozhÃi kÎ: basement Sem· siÃ ·hdah. My mom is very old. ndÀ köe goÀhzoh, hanÃ-le dÀ dÀ nagoÀhzoh, dÀ ·hd··, hanÃ-le dÀ ‡hd··: red or yellow berry that nahzoh: land is frosty, land is dewy grows on rocks, kinnikinnik ndÀ köeÀkwö·Î: glacier 86 ·hköÀ, hanÃ-le dÀ ‡hköÀ: sometimes ÎyeehshÃ: throw away, waste, disregard, lose TöasÃi wiizÃi ÎehshÃ-le. He doesn’t throw away ·htsÃ: big sack for storing clothes anything. ‹htsÃ tehmÍ nahköe netsà. An ohchi is bigger then He lost it. a tehmi. ÊyeÀhshi. en‡ht¯öÀwÕ ·htsÃ: paper bag Îyeeht¯öÃ: throw away (rigid object) Dech‡ Î‡ht¯öÃ. Throw the stick away. ·htsoa: small game animals such as rabbits, ptarmigans Îyeehxà: fire (him/her), leave (him/her), divorce (him/ her) ÕÕ˙a: crane AyÃi gh· Înegeehxà ha?: Why are they going to Îede: be fired fire you? Êneede ha. You are going to be fired. Êyeexà ha. She is going to divorce him. Sechi la tsö· ÎweÀhdo. My younger brother was fired from the job. Îhköaa, hanÃ-le dÀ Îhköaye, Íhköaa: whiskeyjack ÎhköÀ: place where caribou was slaughtered T¯‡ch· kãÈÈ Î¯egeede: divorce each other Ê¯egeÀhdo. They divorced each other. Înayeede: divorce again, continue to divorce radio nechàa: bush radio Datsö·Î Înayeede. He is always divorcing her. r radio netsàa: bush radio ÎniÀ˙à: be lonely -rech‡Í, hanÃ-le dÀ -dech‡Í: stick, tree Î·tsö·: from outside, from the other side JÃecho werech‡Í dehshe. The fruit tree is growing. Î·tsö· godÀ: younger stepsister -reel‡Í, hanÃ-le dÀ deel‡Í, weel‡Í: fresh Î·tsö· goba: older stepsister ¯iwe reel‡Í: fresh fish Î·tsö· gochi: younger stepbrother -retöe, hanÃ-le dÀ detöe: drip Î·tsö· godÀ: younger stepsister -rets‡Í, hanÃ-le dÀ -dech‡Í: stick, tree The fruit tree is growing. Î·tsö· go‡nde: older stepbrother DzÃetso werets‡Í dehse. female animal Î·tsö· gotsi: younger stepbrother -retsöÀ, hanÃ-le dÀ detsöÀ: be scared Î·tsö·neÀ: other side rÀhyeh, hanÃ-le dÀ dÀhyeh: DÀhyeh ha s·ni. He may be scared. Îyee˙ah: throw away (cloth object) be burning ÊyeÀ˙ah. He threw it away. -rÀköÎ, hanÃ-le dÀ dÀköÎ: Tso rÀköÎ. The wood is burning. Îyeede: fire (him/her), send (him/her) away ÊsegeÀdo. They fired me. Îyeehköa: throw away (single object), lose (single object) ÊyeÀhköa. He threw it away. Êw‡‡hköa sÎÎ. Be sure not to lose it. ÎyeehsÃ: throw away, waste, disregard, lose TöasÃi wiizÃi ÎehsÃ-le. He doesn’t throw away anything. ÊyeÀhsi. He lost it.

87 sa taàtöe tsöÀko tsö‡l‡‡: menstruation sa töaÍ˙·: eclipse T¯‡ch· kãÈÈ Saat¯o Zaà, hanÃ-le dÀ Sadat¯o Zaà: sun dance month, Easter sach·: next day, tomorrow sa: month, moon s sach· gosach·Î: day after tomorrow ‡¯À sa: one month sadeÀ: sun, sunshine tog·sa: moon SadeÀ nez‡. It’s a nice sunny day. Detö·cho Zaà: March sadeÀ xen‡‡d‡: shine in the sun, be on the sunny side sa: sun sadeÀwà: full sunshine sa dae˙a: sun is up in the sky, sun is shining SadeÀwà wheneda!: Sit in the sun! sa dat¯o, hanÃ-le dÀ saat¯o: sun dance sadzeÀ: clock, time, hour, watch (noun) sa ehtöÎrÀ˙aa: eclipse sadzeÀ t¯öiÃ: watch band sa kà˙a, hanÃ-le dÀ sa xà˙a: sun rises on a regular saÀhx‡: lead (metal) basis bear, black bear Köom·Îd·Î n‡dÀ sa kà˙a. The sun rises in the sah: morning. sah degoo cho: polar bear sa kà˙aa: sunrise sah degoo tso: polar bear sa kà˙à, hanÃ-le dÀ sa xà˙à: sun is rising sah deköoo: brown bear, grizzly bear ¤whfiË sa kà˙à ha. The sun is going to rise early. DiÃ ÀtöiÃ sa kà˙à. The sun is rising right now. sah dez··: black bear The sun has risen. Sa kà‡˙·. sah˙··: bear’s den sun making signs, sa kàetsÍ, hanÃ-le dÀ sa xàetsÍ: sahcho: big bear, grizzly bear indicating changes in weather sahcho degoo: polar bear sa köÀÀnarÀdz··: full moon sahköa: bear fat sa köÀÀnarÀj··: full moon sahkwÎ: bear meat sa köohta e˙a: sun goes in and out of clouds SahtÃ: Great Bear Lake sa nà˙a: sun sets on a regular basis Sa nà˙a n‡dÀ tsöeetÀ. We go to sleep when the sun sahtÃ eda: chinook, warm weather, when bear cubs sets. come out of the den Xoköe n‡dÀ k‡whfiË sa nà˙a. The sun sets early in SahtÃ gotö‡Í: Great Bear Lake people winter. SahtÃ Köe Hotö‡Í: Great Bear Lake people sa nà˙à: sun is setting small black bear DiÃ ÀtöiÃ sa nà˙à. The sun is setting now. sahtöÀa: big bear, grizzly bear sa nà˙‡‡tsÍ: sun making signs through colours sahtso: polar bear sa nàdaa˙a: sun is starting to set sahtso degoo: bear cub sa nà‡hxe: sunset sahzaa: mutton Sa NeköÎfi: February sahz·kwÎ: sheep, goat sa taàtöe kÎ nàtsöeehdÃ: rent a house sahz·Î: 88 sahzÎfi: sheep, lamb, young goat satsÎ ezee: siren sahzÎfi detsöÀ: ewe satsÎ ghàlaedaa d·Î: mechanic sahzÎfi köÀdÃi d·Î: shepherd satsÎ kö·weÀ, hanÃ-le dÀ satsÎweÀ, satsÎ köoweÀ: stovepipe sahzÎfi zaa: lamb, young goat satsÎ kö·weÀ whezÕo: stovepipe elbow sahzhaa: bear cub satsÎ kwetÀ: metal hide-scraper sahzh·kwÎ: mutton satsÎ nà˙edlii: sewing machine sahzh·Î: sheep, goat satsÎ nà˙elii: sewing machine sahzhÎfi: sheep, lamb, young goat satsÎ t‡liÃ naàwhe˙aa: bridge sahzhÎfi detsöÀ: ewe satsÎ töà eet¯öÀ: type (verb) sahzhÎfi köÀdÃi d·Î: shepherd satsÎ töà etsöeet¯öÀe: typewriter sahzhÎfi zhaa: lamb, young goat satsÎ t¯eÀ: machine oil sakwÃnaÀhtöii: ring around the sun, a sign of a storm satsÎ tsöah: helmet sat¯öiÃ: sun rays, sunbeams satsÎ tsöeehtsÕo: bell sats·: next day, tomorrow SatsÎ tsöeehtsÕo dedi. The bell is sounding. sats· gosats·Î: day after tomorrow satsÎ wetöà eghàlatsöeedaa: tools satsÎ: metal, iron, stove satsÎ˙àa: pliers satsÎ behch‡Í: vehicle satsÎfi: penny, cent, coin satsÎ behch‡Í kÀ: tire of vehicle s‡lài satsÎfi: five cents, nickel satsÎ behch‡Í köÀliÃ: road, highway satsÎekwoa, hanÃ-le dÀ satsÎ dekwoa: penny, cent satsÎ behch‡Í t‡liÃ: road, highway satsÎke: skates satsÎ behts‡Í: vehicle satsÎköÎ·: stove, woodstove, electric stove satsÎ behts‡Í kÀ: tire of vehicle satsÎt·: metal container, metal bucket, tin can satsÎ behts‡Í köÀliÃ: road, highway satsÎt· wedaxàtsöeetöàa, hanÃ-le dÀ satsÎt· satsÎ behts‡Í t‡liÃ: road, highway wedakàtsöeetöàa: can opener satsÎ be¯exàa: pliers satsÎt·fi: tin can satsÎ daÀchaa: funnel satsÎt·hkwöÎfi: empty tin can SatsÎt·hkwöÎfi köenÃ‡la. There are empty tin cans satsÎ daÀtsaa: funnel scattered all around. satsÎ dekwoo: copper satsÎtö··, hanÃ-le dÀ satsÎtö·fi: metal sheet satsÎ edegha eet¯öÀe: computer satsÎt¯öaa kwöà: plate underneath stove satsÎ eht¯ö‡: wire fence satsÎweÀ, hanÃ-le dÀ satsÎ kö·weÀ: stovepipe satsÎ eht¯ö‡ wen‡‡dàà dexàet¯öÃi: strainer satsÎxÕa: wire, grill (noun) satsÎ en‡ht¯öÀtÃ: paint for metals, aluminum paint satsÎxÕa ehdzo: conibear trap satsÎ et¯ee: engine, furnace saz‡: south satsÎ et¯ee köÀdÃi d·Î: power plant operator, saz‡ n‡htsöiÃ: south wind engineer 89 sazh‡: south sinÃhÕ˙à: prepare a situation TöasÃi wegha sinÃhogÃ˙a ha. They will prepare sazh‡ n‡htsöiÃ: south wind things for him. sàà: knot sinÃtsöede, hanÃ-le dÀ sinÃtsö‡de: prepare (people), get seÀ: Focus marker of question words ready (people) AyÃi seÀ negha nez‡?: What is the one you like? MÎhtöa nàgoahzhe ha sinÃahde. Get ready to play AmÃi seÀ seköÀÀ et¯a ha?: Who is the one that is outside. going to go with me? sinÃyaehti: judge (verb), prepare judgement seÀdle, hanÃ-le dÀ siÃdle: be fixed sinÃyaehtii d·Î: Justice of the Peace, judge (noun) seÀgo‡hwh·, hanÃ-le dÀ siÃgo‡hwh·: clean up an prepare (him/her) area, tidy an area sinÃyeechi: sinÃyeetsi: prepare (him/her) seÀgole, hanÃ-le dÀ siÃgole: fix up an area, clean up an area sinÃyehtÀ: prepare (animate objects) Saàg‡fi wekÎ seÀgole ha. My friend is going to fix sinÃyehtöà: prepare (it) for sewing by cutting, cut up her house. patterns seÀyele, hanÃ-le dÀ siÃyele: fix, repair, clean (verb) sinÃyele: prepare (plural objects), sort (plural objects), Tim is going to fix the truck. Tim behch‡Í seÀle ha. arrange (plural objects) TsöÀko ewÕ seÀgeh˙‡ n‡dÀ, ekwÃghÎ töàagetö‡. En‡ht¯öÀ sinÃeh¯a. I sorted the mail. When women are fixing hides, they use caribou SinÃn‡le. Sort them. brains. sinÃyewa: prepare (many things), sort (many things), Faber Lake SemÍ TÃ, hanÃ-le dÀ SimÍ TÃ: arrange (many things) sÀt‡: have a meal (one or two actors), eat (one or two sire: top powder snow actors) BÕ gh· sÀget‡ töà, masÃ g‡‡w·. They are thankful s‡: Expression for whoever is speaking, I, me because they have meat to eat. s‡: song, music sÀze: have a meal (plural actors), eat (plural actors) ‡kö·Îz‡Í: medicine song D· ¯· sÀze. Lots of people are eating. S‡ xà‡˙·. He sang a song/took out a song. SÀahze ha nÃ?: Are you going to eat? s‡làÀn·: fifty si, hanÃ-le dÀ hi: also, too s‡lài: five Eded‡ si goxÀ ade ha. He too is coming with us. SatsÎ behts‡Í eyitsö· bus si töàagetö‡. They use sÃdeÀ: great mountains, mountain range cars and also buses too. sÃdÃi: funny, comical, happy, amazing, strange siÃ, hanÃ-le dÀ sirÀ, sirÃ: very, really Segha sÃdÃi. It’s amusing or strange for me. WhÎ gea˙‡ töà siÃ ginàà. They were very happy to SÃdÃi goehwh·. He thinks we are amazing. He is see the star. joyous. sinÃeda, hanÃ-le dÀ sinÍda: prepare (one person), get sÃga, hanÃ-le dÀ chÃga, tsÃga: sugar ready (one person), get dressed for an occasion (one sÃga godoÕ el‡‡: diabetic person) sÃga ¯ek·fi: candy Xoköe gogha s‡nÃehda ha. I am going to prepare for winter. sÃga m·Îla: peppermint sinÃet¯a, hanÃ-le dÀ sinÍt¯a: prepare (one person), get sÃgalek·fi, hanÃ-le dÀ sÃga ¯ek·fi: candy ready (one person) sÃgaliÃ, hanÃ-le dÀ sÃgalÃa: sugar cube SinÃeht¯a. I have gotten ready. 90 sÃgoÀtö‡: happy occasion, merriment, fun s·ni: Expression of lack of knowledge, I don’t know Wegha sÃgoÀtö‡. He is having fun. S·ni. I don’t know. Segha s·ni làanÃ. It is confusing for me. sÃghfiwfiË: now and then, from time to time, later SÃghfiwfiË ¯ÀtöÀ köatsöeeta. We check on the s·niw·: smile, be happy, be merry, be in a good bannock now and then. mood, be friendly S·dehwh·. I am happy. sÃghà: good, well SÃghà anetö‡. It is good the position you are in. s·Î: old age, complaints S·Î töà dÃÀ. It’s difficult because of old age. sÃh: mountain, hill S·Î töà e¯etsöÎ nàyatsöehti. We are complaining to SÃh EghoÕl·: Bedford Point each other. sÃh köaga: hill side S·Î wheda. He is in a bad mood. sÃh nÀköe: hill country, mountainous region s·Î adi: complain, grumble S·Î agedi. They are complaining. sÃhgee gonÃ‡tÎ·: valley s·Î¯‡‡: real, pure, original sÃhka: mountain top, hill top done s·Î¯‡‡: Dene person sÃhka goliÃ: mountain ice bÕ s·Î¯‡‡: real meat sÃhl·: mountain top s·Îmba: money, dollar, funding sÃhta gotö‡Í: mountain people s·Îmba de˙ÎÎ kàet¯öÃi: money that remains, balance of money, money left over sÃi: Focus marker Sah sÃi dzfl ha niw·-le, hadi. That one, the bear, s·Îmba degoo: silver said he didn’t want daylight. s·Îmba dehsee kÎ, hanÃ-le dÀ s·Îmba ehshee kÎ: soÕ: movie, TV show, TV program bank building s·: fun, merriment, game, recreation, good times s·Îmba dehsee kÎ gha köàowo: bank manager ekÃi s· töà: just for fun s·Îmba dehshee kÎ, hanÃ-le dÀ s·Îmba ehshee kÎ: S· niw·. He is happy./He is having fun. bank building EkÃi s· töà aehs‡ nÃle. I’m not saying it just for fun. s·Îmba dehshee kÎ gha köàowo: bank manager s·edi: praise (intransitive verb) s·Îmba dekwoo: gold s·naà, hanÃ-le dÀ sÎ: Expression of not knowing what will happen, I guess, I suppose, I don’t know s·Îmba gogh· nÃzee: loan of money Hfl˙fl, s·naà. I suppose so. s·Îmba gogh· nÃzhee: loan of money Netsöa˙‡Í sÎ. Maybe I’ll see you (somewhere). s·Îmba nàhtsÍ‡ d·Î: tax collector s·nàdaedÀ: sing (people or birds) s·Îmba nàzÀe: treaty Goh¯Ãa s·nàdaedÀ. Robins are singing. s·Îmba nàzÀe s·Îmbaà: treaty money s·nàdaewo: sing (one person), chatter (one person) S·Îmba NàzÀe Zaà: July s·nàdÀ: play (people), have fun (people) D· s·nàdÀ. The people are having fun. s·Îmba nàzhÀe: treaty s·nàtsöedÀe: sports s·Îmba nàzhÀe s·Îmbaà: treaty money s·nàtsöedÀe köÀ: gym, recreation room S·Îmba NàzhÀe Zaà: July s·nàwo: play (one person) s·Îmba n·gÀe: silver fox NaxixÀ s·nàhwho ha dÃÀ. I can’t play with you s·Îmba tsöeh¯aa kÎ: bank building people. s·Îmba tsöeh¯aa kÎ gha köàowo: bank manager 91 s·Îmba whelaa kÎ: bank building ShÃh EghoÕl·: Bedford Point S·ÎmbaköÀ: Yellowknife shÃh köaga: hill side s·ÎmbawÕ: wallet shÃh nÀköe: hill country, mountainous region s·ÎmbawÕ köetsöeht‡fi: purse shÃhgee gonÃ‡tÎ·: valley s·Îni, hanÃ-le dÀ s·naà: Expression of questioning shÃhka: mountain top, hilltop about what happened or will happen, I wonder, I shÃhka goliÃ: mountain ice guess, maybe AmÃi chekoa Àhndi s·Îni. Who asked the boy, I shÃhl·: mountain top wonder. shÃhta gotö‡Í: mountain people sÕÕ: hook for roasting meat shoÕ: movie, TV show, TV program sÎkÎ, hanÃ-le dÀ tsÎkÎ: outhouse, washroom, toilet sÎÎ: Expression warning of action which should not happen, be sure not to Na‡kwöi sÎÎ. Be sure you don’t fall. Eyi wedÎ sÎÎ. Make sure he doesn’t drink that. T¯‡ch· kãÈÈ

taacho, hanÃ-le dÀ tadecho:t waves in water T¯‡ch· kãÈÈ Taati, hanÃ-le dÀ Toyati: Christmas Taati DzflÈ chekoa s·nàgedÀe: Christmas concert Taati DzflÈ tsekoa s·nàgedÀe: Christmas concert shàà: knotsh Taati Zaà, hanÃ-le dÀ Toyati Zaà: December shÀt‡: have a meal (one or two actors), eat (one or taat‡Í: waves two actors) taatso, hanÃ-le dÀ tadecho: waves in water BÕ gh· shÀget‡ töà, masÃ g‡‡w·. They are thankful because they have meat to eat. taà: three times Taà setsöàÀht¯a. She came to see me three times. shÀzhe: have a meal (plural actors), eat (plural actors) D· ¯· shÀzhe. Lots of people are eating. taàtöe, hanÃ-le dÀ tanÀtöe, taËtöe, taÎtöe: every ShÀahzhe ha nÃ?: Are you going to eat? dzfl taàtöe: every day d· nàke taàtöe: every second person shi: too, also SatsÎ behch‡Í eyitsö· bus shi töàagetö‡. They use tabàa, hanÃ-le dÀ tambàa: lake shore cars and also buses too. tade: shallow water shire: top powder snow Tade Cho: Wool Bay sh‡: song, music Tade Tso: Wool Bay ‡kö·Îzh‡Í: medicine song Sh‡ xà‡˙·. He sang a song/took out a song. Tadea: Wool Bay shÃdeÀ: great mountains, mountain range tadea: very shallow water shÃh: mountain, hill tad·ch‡Àhzhah: stand up in a circle (plural objects) TsöimÎkÎ làanÃ dech‡ tad·ch‡Àhzhah ageh˙‡. People placed wood standing upright all around, 92 like a spruce tepee. tad·et¯a: walk in a circle (one or two people) tani tsöÎ: half way, divided in half Tad·¯iÃt¯a ha. We two are going to walk around the Tani tsöÎ nÍt¯a. She reached halfway. place. tanÃiwhàà: deep water Tad·‡t¯e. Walk around in a circle. tatÃ: wave, overflow tad·ni˙à: extend around in a circle Tat¯öahkÎ: Aklavik tad·ts‡Àhzah: stand up in a circle (plural objects) TsöimÎkÎ làanÃ dets‡ tad·ts‡Àhzah ageh˙‡. People tat¯öÀloÕ: water slime placed wood standing upright all around, like a tatse: steam spruce tepee. tatsea: falcon tad·whe˙a: extend in a circle Tad·whe˙a töà dagogehwho. They are dancing in tatsehtsoa: small hawk, falcon, merlin, American a circle. kestrel tad·whe˙aa köÈÈ dagowo: tea dance, round dance tatselea: sharp-shinned hawk tadzàa: middle of the lake tatsÎ: raven taÀn·: thirty tatsÎgaà: crow tago‡hwhàà: (water) is deep tawo tatseÀ: steam from open water in the ice tago‡hwhàà-le: (water) is not deep, be shallow tàda: sickness, disease taghÕÕ: whitecaps tàda deköoa: chicken pox Tahga: North Arm of Great Slave Lake tàda tsÍyehwhi: be in poor health, be ravaged by sickness Tahga gotö‡Í: people along the shore of the North Tàda tsÍsehwhi. I am in poor health. Arm of Great Slave Lake tàdaadlà: beginning to tear tahkÕ: maybe, perhaps Set¯à˙eÀ tàdaadlà. My pants are beginning to tear. tai: three tàda¯‡‡: venereal disease TaidzflÈ: Wednesday tàe˙À: land on shore taÍ˙ee: high water level Tàgee˙À ha dÃÀ. They can’t land. tajàa: middle of the lake tàehke, hanÃ-le dÀ tàhke: arrive over water, paddle to shore takakwöiÃ: dragonfly D· tabàa tsöÎ tàwhek‡. The men paddled to shore. taköaà: wake of an animal or boat in the water tàet¯a: move to a different location (one person) taköÀ: middle of the lake TàÀht¯a. She moved. takwöi: open water during winter tàÀh¯i: driftwood TamÍfi DeÀ: Mosquito Creek tàÀht·: be washed ashore (rigid object), be carried ashore (rigid object) tamÍhgoa: twine used to mend fish nets Dech‡ tàÀht·. The stick was washed ashore. tamÍhkwöÀÀ: twine used to mend fish nets tàhtsiÃ: snowdrift, hard top snow tambeh: scissors tàhtsiÃkÎ: igloo tani: half, in half, middle tàyee˙À: wear out footwear tani ekwöa: middle second crosspiece of snowshoes

93 tàyeehchöi: chop along the wood-grain, split, tear up teht¯öi: pull-string for fish net Setà gokw‡ niw·, tso tàehchöi ha. My dad wants tehtsà: water beetle, water insect an axe for splitting wood. tehtsà deköoa: ladybug tàyeehdlà: split, tear up Tso tàehdlà. I’m splitting wood. tehtsàcho: seal tàyeehkà: chop into pieces with heavy blows tehtsàtso: seal Tso tàahkà. Chop up some wood, you people. tehtsàtsöÍﬁ: type of small water bug which jumps tàyeehtsöi: chop along the wood-grain, split, tear up around Setà gokw‡ niw·, tso tàehtsöi ha. My dad wants an tehzah köe˙Õ: snow is floating in the water, when the axe for splitting wood. ice forms tàyeekwÍ: chop up with an axe, cut up tehzhah köe˙Õ: snow is floating in the water, when Chekoa gokw‡ töà tso tàekwÍ. The young man is the ice forms chopping wood with an axe. teka: jump in the water tàyeetöà: cut up, saw up Teehka ha. I am going to jump in the water. TsöÀwh‡ bÕ tàehtöà. I am cutting the meat up carefully. tekà-, hanÃ-le dÀ texà-: out of water (prefix) Tso tàgeetöà. They are cutting firewood. tekàda, hanÃ-le dÀ texàda: come out of the water tàyeezÃ: break up (one person) Tekàda ha-le. She is not going to come out of the tàyeezhÃ: break up water. tede: fall in water (cloth object) Tekàeda n‡dÀ, wegha edza ha. When he comes Ne˙eÀ tedo. Your jacket fell in the water. out of the water, he will be cold. Gochöà texàda làadi gode. He is “beating around fall in water (single object) tedeewÃ: the bush” in talking to us. TedeÀwÕ. He fell in the water. Beh tedaawÕ. The knife fell in the water. tekàt¯a, hanÃ-le dÀ texàt¯a: come out of the water (one person) teech‡Í: stick used to set fish nets MÍ tsö· dech‡ daechÃ xÀ tekàet¯a. He grabbed the teets‡Í: stick used to set fish nets netpole and got out of the water. tehdlaa, hanÃ-le dÀ tehdlare: water plant tekàyee˙ah, hanÃ-le dÀ texàyee˙ah: take out of water (cloth object) tehdzi: mink tekàyee˙à, hanÃ-le dÀ texàyee˙à: take out of water tehdzÃe: red berries which grow in wet moss, like repeatedly (chunky object) large cranberries tekàyeechi, hanÃ-le dÀ texàyeechi: take out of water Tehg·Î TÃ: Basler Lake (single object) tehghÕo: forked stick for setting fish nets tekàyeeka, hanÃ-le dÀ texàyeekà: take out of water tehji: mink (plateful) tehjÃe: red berries which grow in wet moss, like large tekàyeetÍ, hanÃ-le dÀ texàyeetÍ: take out of water cranberries (rigid object) tehkÎ, hanÃ-le dÀ tohkÎ: flashlight, battery tekàyeetsi, hanÃ-le dÀ texàyeechi: take out of water tehköàa: muskrat (single object) tehmÍ: grub sack, packsack tekàyehchi, hanÃ-le dÀ texàyehchi: take out of water ‹hchÃ tehmÍ nahköe nechà. An ohchi is bigger than (cloth object) a tehmi. 94 tekàyehtÀ, hanÃ-le dÀ texàyehtÀ: take out of water tenayetsöÕ: throw into water by handfuls (animate object) LidÃ tenatsöetsöÕ. We throw handfuls of tea into EkÕ ÀtöiÃ tekàtsö‡‡ht‡. We pulled him out of the water water. immediately. tenayewa: put back in water (many objects) tekàyehtsi, hanÃ-le dÀ texàyehchi: take out of water tenÍ‡˙a, hanÃ-le dÀ ten‡‡˙a: be standing in the water (cloth object) (rigid object) tekàyehxe, hanÃ-le dÀ texàyehxe: take out of water Dech‡ tenÍ‡˙a. The stick is standing in the water. (heavy object) tenÍ‡be: be boiled until soft tekàyele, hanÃ-le dÀ texàyele: take out of water BÕ tenÍ‡be. The meat is boiled until soft. (plural objects) tenÍ‡töi: be stretched out under water tekàyewa, hanÃ-le dÀ texàyewa: take out of water MÍ tenÍ‡töi. The net is stretched out under water. (many things) tet¯a: dive (one person) tekwöi: fall in water (single thing) TÀetö· yexÀ tet¯a eyi t¯öàx·· köach‡ tekàet¯a. The Tekwöi kwe daehchÃ. I caught it before it fell in the loon dove under water with him and then came out water. of the water again. Teehkwöo. I fell in the water. Tets·Îtö‡Í: Chipewyan people telà: sink (intransitive verb) tewhehchÃi: dishcloth Eyi elà telà ha. That boat is going to sink. Ten‡là. It sank. tewhehtsÃi: dishcloth tenadle: be put back in water texà-, hanÃ-le dÀ tekà-: out of water (prefix) Elà tenadle ha. The boat is going to be put back in teye˙à: put in water (chunky object) the water. Xo taàtöe dz· ha ehdzo tege˙à. Every year they tenaye˙ah: put back in water (cloth object) set traps for muskrat in the water. tenaye˙à: put back in water repeatedly (chunky teyee˙ah: put in water (cloth object) object) teyeechi: put in water (chunky object) tenayeechi: put back in water (single object) teyeedi: press into water with the hands Eyi t¯öàx·· chekoa tehji tenayaachÃ. After that the boy put the mink back in the water. teyeeka: put in water (plateful) tenayeedi: press back into the water with the hand teyeetÍ: put in water (rigid object) EwÕ tenaehdi ha. I am going to press the hide teyeetsi: put in water (chunky object) back into the water again. teyehchi: push under water (cloth object) tenayeeka: put back in water (plateful) teyehköa: throw in water (single object) tenayeetsi: put back in water (single object) Beh te‡hköa t¯öàx·· dii hadi, ôEhts‡, Ehts‡! NebeÀ Eyi t¯öàx·· tsekoa tehdzi tenayaatsÃ. After that the tedaawÕ!ö: She threw the knife in the water and boy put the mink back in the water. called, ‘Granny, Granny! Your knife fell in the water!’ tenayehchih: put back in water (cloth object) teyehtÀ: put in water (animate object) tenayehtÀ: put back in water (animate object) teyehtsi: push under water (cloth object) tenayehtsih: put back in water (cloth object) teyehxe: put in water (heavy object) tenayehxe: put back in water (heavy object) teyele: put in water (plural objects) tenayele: put back in water (plural objects) JÃh tegenila. They put hooks in the water. tenayetÍ: put back in water (rigid object) 95 teyewa: put in water (many things) tÀewhet¯öih: be located in water (powdery or granular material) teze: be put in water (plural objects) LÃbaà teze ha. The barrels are going to be put in ti: water, lake, liquid the water. ti behch‡Í: water truck tezhe: be put in water (plural objects) ti behts‡Í: water truck LÃbaà tezhe ha. The barrels are going to be put in the water. ti daÃwÃi: overflow tÀ: cane ti datse, hanÃ-le dÀ ti tatse, ti ratse: steam, mist TÀ töà köeda. She walks around using a cane. ti dÀt¯öii, hanÃ-le dÀ ti Àt¯öii: water flow, flood tÀ: mat, rug, sleeping tarp, blanket, bed sheet ti ehtöÕo: water pump tÀe: underwater, in water ti e¯Ãn‡laa: water connecting two lakes tÀehtöaà: lily pad, water lily ti et¯öÕ: water runs off, after abundant snow or rain, tÀeköebe: swim around in or under the water (one or water gushes two people/animals) ti ez·Î: bail water out of a boat TÀeköehbe. I am swimming around in the water. Ti nez·Î!: Bail the water! tÀenàwo: stand in water ti go˙Î· atö‡: diarrhea DedÃi tÀenàwo. The moose is standing in the water. ti kàet¯öÃi köÀ, hanÃ-le dÀ ti xàet¯öÃi köÀ: public water tÀenÃÃtöà, hanÃ-le dÀ tÀenÍtöà: be put down in the tap water (chunky object), be placed down in the water (chunky object) ti kàet¯öÕo köÀ, hanÃ-le dÀ ti xàet¯öÕo köÀ: water tap tÀetöà: be placed in the water (chunky object) ti köabàa: shore, shoreline Kwe tÀetöà ha. The rock is going to be put in the Ti köabàa köet¯o s·naà. I guess he is walking by the water. lake. Kwe teÀtö·. The rock was placed in the water. ti köet¯öà: other end of the lake tÀetö·: Arctic loon, loon ti köet¯öÕo: running water tÀetö· weÀhdà degoo: Arctic loon ti lÃbaà, hanÃ-le dÀ ti lÃbarÃ: water barrel tÀet¯öo: waterweed ti lÃbarÃ, hanÃ-le dÀ ti lÃbaà: water barrel tÀewhe˙·: be located in water (chunky object) ti nàt¯a et¯öÕ: water is running swiftly, strong current tÀewheda: be in water (animate object), sit in water ti nÍhkÀ: blister (animate object) Ti nÍ‡hke. It has formed a blister. BebÃ tÀewheda anele. Let the baby sit in the water. Ti nÍhkÀ ha. It is going to blister. tÀewhehchÃh: be located in water (cloth object) ti töà esaade, hanÃ-le dÀ ti töà töasaade: drown tÀewhehtsÃh: be located in water (cloth object) Ti töà esaanede ha-le. You are not going to drown. Köàhj·· ti töà esaahjà töe. I almost drowned. tÀewhela: be located in water (plural objects) Kwöah ta tÀewhela. They are in the water with the ti t¯öà˙eh: jeans moss. ti tsöÃhchii köÀ: well for water tÀewhet‡: lie in water (animate object) ti tsöÃhtsii köÀ: well for water tÀewhet·: be located in water (rigid object) ti waew‡, hanÃ-le dÀ ti ghaew‡: be thirsty

96 ti whekÎ· t·: thermos bottle, hot water bottle t‡chöaàdÃi, hanÃ-le dÀ tichöaàdÃi: animal tia: puddle, pond, small lake t‡chöaàdÃi done yedÀe: animals eaten by people tibàa: water’s edge, edge of the water t‡chöaàdÃi dzeÀbàa köe satsÎ whelaa: ear tag on animals tichiÃ: water spray t‡chöaàdÃi zhàà: animal tick ticho: big lake, ocean t‡chöaàdÃideÀ: large game animal tichobàa: coast, shore of the ocean t‡‡dà: doorway, door tichöiÃ: dirty water, mud puddle t‡‡dàkÎﬁ: porch tidaa: narrow lake tidaa nedÀe: long narrow lake t‡li: road, path, trail Behch‡Í töà t‡libàa ‡t¯öÎ hatsö‡‡w·. We look for tideÀ, hanÃ-le dÀ tindeÀ: big lake, ocean cranberries along the roadside. TideÀ, hanÃ-le dÀ TindeÀ: Great Slave Lake t‡li ghagÎ·˙àa: potholes in the road tihkÎ: water house t‡li seÀh˙‡‡: grader, snowplow tih¯‡‡: bile, diarrhea t‡li tite naàwhe˙aa: bridge tih¯‡‡ go˙Î· atö‡: have diarrhea t‡libàa, hanÃ-le dÀ t‡limbàa: roadside tih¯‡‡ godzeÀ köeÃt·, hanÃ-le dÀ tih¯‡‡ godzeÀ kö‡Ít·: run (one person) heartburn, nausea t‡m·eda, hanÃ-le dÀ t·m·eda: t‡m·edÀ, hanÃ-le dÀ t·m·edÀ: run (plural) tiiwo: soup, broth t‡tsöa, hanÃ-le dÀ tichöa: off the trail, ditch, in the tika: water surface powdery snow tiköeÀniwhel‡‡: place where a river flows into a lake t‡tsöa nàdÀe, hanÃ-le dÀ tichöa nàdÀe: animals tiköÀ: water hole, for getting water from under the ice t‡tsöaàdÃi, hanÃ-le dÀ tichöaàdÃi: animal tikwöà: water dipper t‡tsöaàdÃi done yedÀe: animals eaten by people Ti¯Ãhtöa, hanÃ-le dÀ Ti¯Ãhtöa KÎ: Fort Norman t‡tsöaàdÃi dzeÀbàa köe satsÎ whelaa: ear tag on tit·Î: water bucket, water tank animals tit¯öa: underwater t‡tsöaàdÃi zàà: animal tick tit¯öiÃ: water hose, water pipe t‡tsöaàdÃideÀ: large game animal titsiÃ: water spray TÃmÍchöahtÃ: Tumi Lake titso: big lake, ocean TÃmÍtsöahtÃ: Tumi Lake titsobàa: coast, shore of the ocean tÃtso, hanÃ-le dÀ tÃcho: common loon titsöiÃ: dirty water, mud puddle tÃtsoa: teal tiwoÕ: rubber boots to, hanÃ-le dÀ too: night, dark, darkness tiwoÕ nedÀe: hip waders To agÕjà, hanÃ wetsöÀke yeka köeetöÍ. When it got to be night, then his wife came looking for him. t‡chöa, hanÃ-le dÀ tichöa: off the trail, ditch, in the powdery snow to ‡dàa kwÎÎ: caribou left overnight before butchering, for extra flavour t‡chöa nàdÀe, hanÃ-le dÀ tichöa nàdÀe: animals to köedaa: curfew officer

97 to tani: midnight, middle of the night t·et¯e: going up from the shore (one person) to tani köee nàke nÃ‡˙·: two o’clock at night D· elà tsö· t·et¯e. The man is walking up from the boat. to tani daatsöÎ: after midnight t·hchÀa: small dipper for water, small saucepan to whaà: late at night t·hcho: big bucket, big pail tobÃa: quarter coin t·hchöiÃ: slop pail, garbage can, old bucket togoÃt¯öÕo, hanÃ-le dÀ togodiÃt¯öÕo: be dark outside, darkness t·hkÎ: community freezer, cache, storage house SiÃ togoÃt¯öÕo. It’s really dark. insulated with moss tog·hsa: moon t·hkwö‡Í, hanÃ-le dÀ t·hkwöÍfi: first clear ice, bare ice T·hkwö‡Í köe mÍ daht¯ö‡ ha. I’m going to set the net toghàà n·bawee: period of long daylight, midnight on the clear ice. sun t·htsÀa: small dipper for water, small saucepan tohkÎ, hanÃ-le dÀ tehkÎ: flashlight, battery t·htso: big bucket, big pail Toyati, hanÃ-le dÀ Taati: Christmas, Christmas Eve mass t·htsöiÃ: slop pail, garbage can, old bucket t·: container, pot, kettle, bucket, pail t·hxe: boil (noun) godaà t·hxe: sty t·: ice on bodies of water t·m·eda, hanÃ-le dÀ t‡m·eda: run (one person) t· det··: thick ice Cheko sÃi nàzÀe d·Î tsöÎ t·m·Àhzha. The boy ran t· ehtÍ‡: cracked ice to the hunter. t· ‡kwö‡Í: ice is new, ice is clear t·nÃ‡dlaa: long crack in the ice t· köe kwe geehsÃi köÀ: curling rink t·nÃ‡dlaa gee gÕ˙··: open crack in the ice, space t· nàetÎ·: broken ice between cracked ice t· nàtÍ: ice is breaking up t·Îeze: be brought back ashore ˜iwe eh¯Ã n‡dÀ dz· t·Îeze ha. When I catch fish, t· tàÀht··, hanÃ-le dÀ t· tàht··: ice jam it’ll be brought back ashore here. t·ch‡Í: handle of bucket t·Îezhe: be brought back ashore t·doo, hanÃ-le dÀ t·doa: melted ice along the shores ˜iwe eh¯Ã n‡dÀ j· t·Îezhe ha. When I catch fish, it’ll above open water, break-up be brought back ashore here. T·doo Zaà: May t·ts‡Í: handle of bucket t·dzi: woodland caribou t·tsoa: thin ice, season of thin ice t·ekwi: put (fur) on stretcher t·tsoa köe: time when ice is thin, early November TsöÀko dz·wÕ t·ekwi. The woman is putting t·tsöÃ: springtime, break-up muskrat skins on stretchers. t·tsöÃ köe: early spring t·etöÀ, hanÃ-le dÀ t·e˙À: land on shore, go ashore T·geetöÀ ha. They are going to land. T·tsöÃ Zaà: May T·whihtöe. I landed ashore. t·yiÃtöi: be stretched out under the ice T·Àhtöe. He landed. T¯öi t·yiÃtöi. The rope is stretched out under the ice. t·et¯a: land on shore (one person), go up from the shore (one person) Done ‡¯À t·Àht¯a. One man went ashore. 98 töakwe whaà: long ago Töakwe whaà done köi töà elà gehts‡ ‡lÀ. Long ago T¯‡ch· kãÈÈ people used to make boats with birch bark. töakwetöà: first in time, at first Nàs‡ hoh¯À n‡dÀ d· hazh·Î jÃetÃ nez‡‡ sÃi töakwetöà d· ghàgeedi. Everyone serves the good wine first töaa: Focus marker when there is a feast. Martha töaa ejietöÕÕtö ehtöÕ. Martha is the one who töala köe sÃi: whatever time, whatever place, anytime, drinks milk. anywhere töaa: whoever, whose, however töalàa sÃi: whatever kind, any kind, anything Töaa wel‡Í h·töe sÃi asÍÍ weköÀ‡zh·?: Do you know ¤mbÀ köe n‡dÀ, sah jÃe töalàa sÃi gedÀ. In summer whose dog it is? time bears eat berries of any kind. Töaa wegh·enÀe sÃi nà˙edlÕ-le. Whoever is losing töanÃ‡hwhàa: however far doesn’t smile. töasagodi: there is a noise töaanÃ: whatever way, how MÎhtöa töasagodi, eyitöà tsö·Îkoa mÎhtöa xàÀht¯a. TöaanÃ nàniihtÃi sÃi yeköÀezh·-le. He doesn’t know There was a noise outside, so the old woman went how I grieved. outside. töaatsöÎ: however long in time töasÃa, hanÃ-le dÀ asÃa: small thing, small stuff töaatsöÎ eda tsöÎ: as long as he lives töasÃi, hanÃ-le dÀ asÃi: things, something töaatsöÎ, hanÃ-le dÀ aatsöÎ: somewhere töasÃi chöà˙·· d·Î: game warden, renewable resource töaàk·: thimble officer töaàt¯·: however much, however many töasÃi dehsee köÀ: garden Töaàt¯· asÃi geÀ˙‡‡ sÃi ekwöahti gogh· niy‡Íwa. The police picked up from them however many things töasÃi dehsee wedzÃÃ: seed they had stolen. töasÃi dehshee köÀ: garden front gunsight töae˙Ífi: töasÃi dehshee wejÃÃ: seed feather töah: töasÃi haz·Î: everything, all sorts of things its feather wetöaà: Tsekoa köàhkàa yÃi töasÃi haz·Î köegele. Kids carry töahoÀyÍ‡: whatever kind, any kind, any type all kinds of things in their pockets. I feed TöahoÀyÍ‡ d· setsöàt¯aa sÃi wewàehdi. töasÃi hazh·Î: everything, all sorts of things whatever person visits me. Chekoa köàhkàa yÃi töasÃi hazh·Î köegele. Kids carry töahotsö· gotsöÎ, hanÃ-le dÀ töaatsö· tsöÎ: ever since all kinds of things in their pockets. the first time, always, from the beginning töasÃi kàehtaa d·Î, hanÃ-le dÀ töasÃi xàehtaa d·Î: Her watch worked WesadzeÀ töaatsö· tsöÎ e˙a. scientist from the beginning. töasÃi köe geÀhkwöee d·Î: committee töahx·: maybe, perhaps töasÃi köÀez··, hanÃ-le dÀ töasÃi köÀÀzh··: medicine man töa‡hwhaà: however long in time Töa‡hwhaà seyeÀle ha sÃi weköÀtsöeÀzh·-le: We töasÃi köÀezh··, hanÃ-le dÀ töasÃi köÀÀzh··: medicine don’t know how long he is going to take to fix it. man töa‡waà: however far, however long in time, when töasÃi tsöà˙·· d·Î: game warden, renewable resource officer töakwe: before, in the past, formerly, first Töakwe dat¯e whÃle. In the past there was no soap. töasÃi weköe dawhelaa, hanÃ-le dÀ töasÃi weköe da˙elaa: shelf 99 töasÃichöiÃ: scraps, garbage töasÃichöiÃ na¯aet¯öÕo köÀ: dump (place) töasÃichöiÃ e¯aet¯öÕo behch‡Í: garbage truck T¯‡ch· kãÈÈ töasÃitsöiÃ: scraps, garbage töasÃitsöiÃ na¯aet¯öÕo köÀ: dump (place) fuel truck töasÃitsöiÃ e¯aet¯öÕo behts‡Í: garbage truck t¯ebehch‡Í: t¯ fuel truck töasÍ‡: somewhere, anywhere t¯ebehts‡Í: butter töasÍÍ: Question marker for yes-and-no questions t¯eekwoo: TöasÍÍ diidzflÈ köe wetsöànet¯a ha?: Are you going t¯eetöÕo: grease to visit her today? T¯egÎh¯‡‡: Norman Wells -töà: Suffix for making adverbs t¯eh: lard, grease, oil, gasoline, fuel, ointment Tai dzfl töà naÃdà ha. In three days he will rise again. t¯eh dekwoo, hanÃ-le dÀ t¯eekwoo: butter Hazh·Î töà nànetso. You are the strongest of t¯eh detöÕo, hanÃ-le dÀ t¯eetöÕo: grease everyone. Nàketöà wheda. He is second (in line). t¯eh dÀköÎ· satsÎÎ: oil stove, furnace töà: because (conjunction) t¯eh dÀköÎ· t¯eÀ: heating oil, fuel DiidzflÈ edza, n‡htsöi nàtso töà. It is cold today, t¯eh goghàedii köÀ: gas station because the wind is strong. t¯eh gha köàodÀe g‡l‡‡: oil company töe: almost, nearly oil drum Köàhj·· ti töà esahjà töe. I almost drowned. t¯eh lÃbaà: oil pipeline töeeko: young woman t¯eh satsÎ kö·weÀ: Joliffe Island töeekoa: teenage girl T¯ehdiÃ, hanÃ-le dÀ T¯ehndiÃ: tallow töeekogÕÕ: young girl, virgin t¯ehli: gas tank, jerry can, lard pail, oil pail TöÀ˙ehdaà: Dettah t¯eht·: lard can töÀÀ: charcoal, black t¯eht·a: outboard motor, kicker töÀÀ dÀköÎ·: coal t¯ehtöoÕ: propeller on outboard motor töÀÀ kÎkwiÃ: coal, charcoal t¯ehtöoÕ kÀ: gas pump on kicker töÀhkÎ: charcoal t¯ehtöÕo: gasline töoo: poplar t¯eht¯öi: cord for starting a motor, starter-cord töoola: tip of poplar t¯eht¯öiÃ: engine, motor, outboard motor töooladzÀh: sticky cones of poplar t¯ehtsöi: gasoline for outboard motors töoÕ: paddle, propeller t¯ehtsöi t¯eÀ: pipeline töÕot·: baby’s bottle t¯ehweÀ ni˙àa, hanÃ-le dÀ t¯eweÀ ni˙àa: dog töÕÕ: breast milk, breast t¯‡: T¯‡ da‡gÀ. He untied the dog. -töÎ: next to Nel‡Í ekÃi köewe˙à-le. Don’t let your dogs roam EdàidzflÈtöÎ: Saturday loose. kwöatideÀ töÎ whedaa: subchief 100 t¯‡ behch‡Í: dogsled, toboggan t¯‡ÍlÃ: dog bells t¯‡ behch‡Í töà‡laa: dogteam t¯‡ÍlÃa: bells t¯‡ behch‡Í töÎ whedaa: wheel dog of a team t¯‡kÎ: doghouse t¯‡ behch‡Í töÎ whet‡‡: wheel dog of a team t¯‡kw‡Í: dog pen, kennel t¯‡ behch‡Í töÎ whet‡‡ nakweÀ whet‡‡: dog in front of t¯‡m·: mother dog the wheel dog t¯‡m·Ît·: dog collar t¯‡ behts‡Í: dogsled, toboggan t¯‡rehxoo: dog-barker (old word), thing whirled in the t¯‡ behts‡Í töà‡laa: dogteam air to make a sound t¯‡ behts‡Í töÎ whedaa: wheel dog of a team t¯‡t¯öiÃ: harness for dogs, dog chain t¯‡ behts‡Í töÎ whet‡‡: wheel dog of a team t¯‡tso: horse t¯‡ behts‡Í töÎ whet‡‡ nakweÀ whet‡‡: dog in front of t¯‡tso behts‡Í: horse wagon the wheel dog t¯‡tso hanà‡htsoo, hanÃ-le dÀ t¯‡cho kanàn‡htsoo: t¯‡ dekwaà: dog whip horsepower t¯‡ go‡z·fi: pet dog t¯‡tso d‡Àn· kanàn‡htsoo: forty horsepower t¯‡ go‡zh·fi: pet dog t¯‡tsoa: donkey t¯‡ ‡ghÎ·: mean dog t¯‡tsodiÃ: oatmeal, porridge t¯‡ kàyÍ‡hdoo köÀ, hanÃ-le dÀ t¯‡ xàyÍ‡hdoo köÀ: dog t¯‡tsöÀ: female dog, bitch bite t¯‡yeÀ: dogpack t¯‡ nakweÀ whedaa: lead dog t¯‡yeÀwÕ: dog harness bag t¯‡ nakweÀ whet‡‡: lead dog t¯‡zÎfi: old dog t¯‡ nàhtsÍ‡ d·Î: dogcatcher Eyi d· t¯‡zÎfi nÀhdii sÃi, eded‡ nàzÀe deÀ el‡ ne. The man who called you an old dog, he is a great middle dogs of a team t¯‡ tani whetee: hunter. t¯‡fi: puppy t¯‡z·Î: old dog selÍfi: my puppy t¯‡zh·fi: old dog t¯‡cho: horse Eyi t¯‡zh·fi nÀhdii sÃi, eded‡ nàzÀe deÀ el‡ ne. t¯‡cho behch‡Í: horse wagon The man who called you an old dog, he is a great hunter. t¯‡cho hanà‡htsoo, hanÃ-le dÀ t¯‡cho kanàn‡htsoo: horsepower t¯‡zh·Î: old dog t¯‡cho d‡Àn· kanàn‡htsoo: forty horsepower t¯‡choa: donkey t¯‡chodiÃ: oatmeal, porridge T¯‡ch·: Dogrib T¯‡ch· gotö‡Í: Dogrib people T¯‡ch· kãÈÈ T¯‡ehdlii TÃ: Germaine Lake t¯‡ezÃi: male dog t¯‡ezhÃi: male dog t¯öà: bay t¯ö t¯‡ÍdÀ: head-dress which stands on lead dog’s collar t¯öà˙eh: pants 101 t¯öà˙etöaà, hanÃ-le dÀ t¯öàatöaà: underwear, panties t¯öolà¯À: flour, wheat flour t¯öà˙et¯öiÃ: suspenders t¯öorel‡Í, hanÃ-le dÀ t¯öoel‡Í: fresh grass t¯öàköe: crooked t¯öot·: basket, woven t¯öàköe goÀ˙à, hanÃ-le dÀ t¯öàköe goÕ˙à: sloping, t¯öotsöiÃ: onion, wild onion crooked path t¯ö·hbàa, hanÃ-le dÀ t¯ö·hmbàa: tent made of canvas t¯öàx··: after (conjunction) t¯ö·hbàa goÀchöoa: tepee t¯öËfi: beach, area around a bay t¯ö·hbàa goÀtsöoa: tepee t¯öehgwe: percussion cap, cap of a rifle shell t¯ö·hbàa köoÀchöoo: tent made with one pole t¯öehtÀ, hanÃ-le dÀ köi t¯öehtÀ: fungus on dried birch, t¯ö·hbàa köoÀtsöoo: tent made with one pole woody substance on dried birch t¯ö·hbàa kwÃtöaÍ˙aa: tent support pole t¯öehtöàa: dried brown soft sap on green birch, incense t¯ö·hbàa s·Î¯‡‡: tepee t¯öehwÕ, hanÃ-le dÀ t¯öehwhÕ: pouch, originally a flint bag t¯öehwÕa, hanÃ-le dÀ t¯öehwhÕa: small pouch t¯öetsöekwÍ‡: firestarter, firestone T¯‡ch· kãÈÈ t¯öi: string, rope t¯öi ehdoo: hemp rope t¯öi ¯ata‡töii: line strung out tsaÀhdl‡‡, hanÃ-le dÀ charÀhdl‡‡: eddy t¯öi nawhetöii: boundary, border ts -tsaso, hanÃ-le dÀ -chacho: bunch of, many together t¯öihg·Î: babiche ekwÎ tsaso: a bunch of caribou He is carrying a lot of money. t¯öiköeetÍ‡: fiddle, guitar S·Îmba tsaso köele. beaver t¯öinàakwÕo: babiche tsà: shade, shelter t¯ö‡kwöÀÀ: thread tsà: Tsà wheda. He is sitting in the shade. t¯öo: grass, hay, brush, broom tsà ekÕo: beaver two years old T¯öo GotaezÀe DzflÈ: Palm Sunday tsà˙ÀÀ: beaver dam T¯öo GotaezhÀe DzflÈ: Palm Sunday Tsàahtö‡Í: Beaver people t¯öodziÃtÃ: lake with dead weeds, frequently used by muskrats tsàdeÀ, hanÃ-le dÀ tsàndeÀ: largest beaver beaver hook t¯öohch‡Í: stem of grass tsàgozeÀ: shrew t¯öohts‡Í: stem of grass tsàidàa: beaver lodge t¯öojiÃtÃ: lake with dead weeds, frequently used by tsàkÍÍ, hanÃ-le dÀ tsàkÈÈ: muskrats tsàl‡Í: beaver castor t¯öoköà: foxtail grass t¯öoköàhwhiÃ: cattail, reed t¯öolà: grain, wheat, grass tip 102 tsàwÕ: fur, pelt, animal skin, fur-bearing animals tsekoa köÀdÃ: babysit (verb) Ehdzo ¯· töà nàtsöezÀ n‡dÀ, tsàwÕ ¯· e¯atsö‡hdÀ ha. tsekoa kw·Î, hanÃ-le dÀ chekoa kw·fi: diaper If we hunt with lots of traps, we are going to kill lots of fur-bearing animals. tsekoa nàtsöehte: adopt a child tsàwÕ ˙eh: fur parka, fur coat, fur jacket tsekoa s·Îmbaà: family allowance tsàwÕ dzih: fur mitts tsekoa yetöà nàgozee: toys tsàwÕ en‡ht¯öÀ: trapping licence tsekolÀa: baby powder (old word) tsàwÕ jih: fur mitts tsÀe: lynx (old word) tsàwÕ kechfifim·Î nawhetöii: fur trim on mocassins tsi: soft snow tsàwÕ ketsfifim·Î nawhetöii: fur trim on mocassins tsi, hanÃ-le dÀ ch‡: too, also Köàba tsi degoo atöÍ. Ptarmigans too turn white. tsàwÕ nàehdÃi d·Î: fur trader tsi n‡htsöi, hanÃ-le dÀ tsiehtsöi: snowstorm tsàwÕ s·Îmbaà: fur cheque, fur money tsia: caribou calf tsàwÕ tsöah: fur hat tsia: duckling tsàwÕech‡Í: beaver pelt stretcher tsiehtsöi, hanÃ-le dÀ tsi n‡htsöi: blowing snow, beaver pelt stretcher tsàwÕets‡Í: snowstorm tsàzea: beaver one year old Tsighàhtsi, hanÃ-le dÀ Ehchi Deh: Arctic Red River beaver one year old tsàzhea: tsih: mallard tsediÃchöÀ: cry with anger TsihkÎ: Fort McPherson (old word) tsediÃtsöÀ: cry with anger tsihkwÎ: duck meat tseÀ: cheque tsiht·: large kettle with curved spout, teakettle tsekaa, hanÃ-le dÀ tsekoa: child, children tsihtso: green-winged mallard tseko: young man, unborn child, fetus ts‡fi: bird ¤nÈfl whaÀhd·Î tseko tsöÎ gogede, óWhaà whenet‡-leò, gedi. Long ago the oldtimers said to ts‡fi dekwoo, hanÃ-le dÀ ch‡fihkwoa: yellow warbler the young men, “Don’t sleep long.” ts‡fi dÀht¯öÀe: mountain bluebird Tseko wetsö·. She is pregnant. ts‡fi weÀhdà: bird beak tseko ghàeht·· d·Î: teacher ts‡fihkwoa, hanÃ-le dÀ ch‡fi dekwoo: yellow warbler tseko ghàeht·· köàowo: principal at school ts‡fitöoh: bird’s nest tseko ghàeht·· tsöàdii: teacher’s assistant ts‡fiwÕ: condom tseko nageete kÎ: hostel ts‡fiyÀ: bird’s egg tseko ·hdaà: adult, middle-aged person ts‡ehtsih: knead tsekoa: child, children Eyi t¯öàx·· go‡là töà ¯À ts‡tsöeehtsih. And after that tsekoa goÎtÀ: adopt a child, be given a child we knead the flour with our hands. Tsekoa s·ÎtÀ ha. I am going to adopt a child. ts‡hk·Î wheda: live alone, live as a single person Tsekoa giÎt‡. They adopted a child./They were Se˙eh ts‡hk·Î wheda. My uncle lives alone. given a child. ts‡hkw‡: woodpecker tsekoa got¯öaà köÀtaÃdz··: Godchild ts‡hkwöà: wooden plate 103 ts‡htÀa: apron ts·h˙eÀ: raincoat ts‡‡nÈ: ladybug ts·htöÀ: crowberry ts‡köÀ: north tsÎ: excrement, droppings, shit ts‡köÀ n‡htsöiÃ: north wind tsÎkÎ, hanÃ-le dÀ sÎkÎ: outhouse, washroom, toilet tsÍwi: get spoiled, get rotten, get ruined TsÎtÃ, hanÃ-le dÀ WhatÃ: Lac La Martre Sebehch‡Í tsÍ‡wo. My truck is ruined. tsÎtÃ: sewage lagoon tsÍyehwhi: make (him/her) suffer, ruin, destroy, abuse TsÎtÃ DeÀ, hanÃ-le dÀ WhatÃ DeÀ: Lac La Martre River -tso: big, large tsÎt·Î: honey bucket, toilet dzÃetso: apple, fruit titso: ocean tso: firewood, log, dry wood tso behch‡Í: wood truck tso behch‡Í e¯eköÀÀdaà whelaa: two-piece wood sled tso behts‡Í: wood truck T¯‡ch· kãÈÈ tso behts‡Í e¯eköÀÀdaà whelaa: two-piece wood sled tso dÀhdl‡‡, hanÃ-le dÀ dÀhdl‡‡ tsoÕ: greenwood tsöaelÎ: grasshopper tso dÀköÎ· satsÎÎ: woodstove tsö tsöah: hat tso ‡hdzii: rotten wood tsöah dezÃi: helmet tso ‡hjii: rotten wood tsöah dezhÃi: helmet tso satsÎ: woodstove tsöah mahkà: cowboy hat, broad-brimmed hat tso wheg··: drywood tsöah mahkà m·Î whetöii: ribbon or cord around the tsogwÃa: wood chips, scraps of wood hat tsoh: feathers, down feathers tsöahdfifi: hat trim, fur trim on hood tsohkw‡Í, hanÃ-le dÀ tsoÕhw‡‡: wood chips tsöahtö‡‡, hanÃ-le dÀ tsöahtöine: girl at her first tsohtsöÕ: down-filled blanket menstruation (old word) tsolÀ: sawdust tsöahtö‡‡ gÕlÀe: puberty, coming of age, forming of personality tsomba, hanÃ-le dÀ tsoba: drywood Tsöahtö‡‡ gÕlÀe!: A personality is forming! tsoÕhgà: entrance of house or tent, doorway frog TsoÕhgà nàwo. He is standing at the entrance. tsöali, hanÃ-le dÀ tsöari: medicinal plant for swelling, tall, tsowà tso: dead or burned tree, still standing tsöarikw·Î: yellowish, near rocks tsoyeÀ, hanÃ-le dÀ tsogheÀ: cord of wood tsöazhii: hair bangs ts·: rain tsöatà: ready, convenient ts· atö‡: be raining Tsöatà wheda. He is ready to go. ts·gwÃa: drizzle tsöahyÍfi: tam

104 -tsöà: preventing something from happening tsöÀkoa: girl (conjunction), against (conjunction) tsöÀkodzii: loose woman, prostitute, wicked woman DeköenÀeht¯öÀ, wenahdÃ-le tsöà. I write it down so I don’t forget it. tsöÀkojii: loose woman, prostitute, wicked woman tsöàÀtöii: ribbon tsöÀtö‡fi: grayling, bluefish tsöàyeeghe: threaten, scare tsöÀwh‡: slowly, quietly, softly, peacefully Tsöàseeghe. It threatens me. tsöÀwh‡fi: slowly, quietly, softly, peacefully tsöed·· kÎ: bar (place) TsöÀwh‡fi köetlo. He walks slowly. tsöeetöa: split fish tsöÀwh‡fi gode: whisper, speak slowly tsöeÀhkwöe: be (located) (plural people), sit (plural tsöÀz·Î: old woman people), stay (plural people) tsöÀz·Îko, hanÃ-le dÀ tsö·Îko: old woman tsöeÀhkwöee kÎ: living room, waiting room tsöÀz·Îkw·Î: type of bird, marbled Godwit tsöeh¯‡: trembling, shaking, shivering tsöÀzh·Î: old woman tsöeke: be (located) (two people), sit (two people), tsöÀzh·Îko, hanÃ-le dÀ tsö·Îko: old woman stay (two people) SetÃ nàke segà geke. My two daughters are sitting tsöÀzh·Îkw·Î: type of bird, marbled Godwit with me. tsöi: tree, spruce tsöetee kÎfi: bedroom tsöi: boat tsöetöÃi: tobacco, cigarette tsöi dÀhdl‡: green wood – spruce tsöetöÃi dzÀÀ: chewing tobacco tsöi edeÀyÀe: fallen tree tsöetöÃi ehdoa: twist of chewing tobacco tsöi köÀdÃi d·Î, hanÃ-le dÀ tsöi köÀndÃi d·Î, tsöi gÀdÃi tsöetöÃi kàdzÀe: block of chewing tobacco d·Î: captain of boat, helmsman tsöetöÃi natsöeÀhköÎfi: cigarette lighter Tsöi TÃ: Big Spruce Lake tsöetöÃi t¯öehwÕ: tobacco pouch tsöi wetöiÃ: spruce bark tsöetöÃi tsöehts‡‡: loose tobacco for rolling cigarettes, tsöi˙Î: gone astray, confused homemade tobacco Tsöi˙Î Àht¯a. He got lost. tsöetöÃikwöà: ashtray tsöi˙Î et¯a: get lost (one person) Tsöi˙Î eht¯a. I got lost. tsöetöÃiloÕ: cigarette smoke tsöi˙Î hoewi: time is wasted tsöetöÃiti: tobacco spit Tsöi˙Î hoÀwo. Time (and effort) was wasted. tsöeyeetöÃ, hanÃ-le dÀ tsöedeetöÃ: smoke tobacco tsöiahkwÃa: small spruce tree tsöÀko: woman, girl, queen in cards tsöichöoÕ: porcupine quill tsöÀko gohtö·Î: sanitary napkins tsöidalà: tree top tsöÀko kàedaa köÀ: female genitals tsöidzÀÀ: spruce gum tsöÀko köàowo: queen tsöietöaa, hanÃ-le dÀ tsöeetöaa: airplane tsöÀko ·hdaà: older woman, elderly woman tsöietöaa köÀ: airport, air-strip tsöÀko tsöaà: woman’s cap tsöietöaa köÀndÃi d·Î: pilot tsöÀko wedzagee: female genitals, vagina tsöietöaa wetöoÕ whÃle: jet plane 105 tsöietöaa whelaa kÎ: hangar tsöÃda: small female caribou one to two years old tsöighoÕ: spruce roots tsöo: fly TsöighoÕ köe dÀ whÃle ageh˙‡. They are taking the tsöo köÀàhdÃ: have the hands on the hips dirt off the spruce roots. tsöoga: fly eggs tsöih: porcupine tsöoh: quill, porcupine tsöih˙Î, hanÃ-le dÀ tsö‡h˙Î, tsö·˙Î: because, on account of tsöoo: muskeg tsöihdÃi: ant tsöooköe: muskeg -tsöiÃ: old, used, ragged tsöookwö‡Í: clear space on muskeg gohtö·tsöiÃ: used clothing tsöoxoedi: be jealous TöasÃi tsöiÃ nàedÃ ha. There will be a garage sale. tsö·, hanÃ-le dÀ gotsö·: since the time of (conjunction) tsöiÃkwe: pipe for smoking tsö·˙Î, hanÃ-le dÀ tsö‡h˙Î, tsöih˙Î: on account of tsöiköÀ: dock (conjunction), because tsöikwa: dry, half-dead spruce SatsÎ t¯eÀ whÃle tsö·˙Î dii satsÎ nà˙edlii nà‡za. Because there was no machine oil, this sewing spruce bark tsöilà: machine wore out. tsöimÎkÎ: spruce-bough tepee, shelter against wind, tsö·hoÀtöe: feel lazy menstrual hut tsö·Îhm··, hanÃ-le dÀ tsö·Îhm·· whet··: grave tsöimbàa: sails tsö·Îko: old woman tsöimbàa elà: sailboat tsö·Îko¯‡‡: evil old woman, witch tsöimbàach‡Í: mast tsö·Îniw·: be sad, be worried tsöimbàats‡Í: mast tsöÕ: blanket, sleeping bag, duffle material tsöinakee: orphan tsöÕ: boil (noun) tsöitÀ: pole for boat tsöÕ degoo, hanÃ-le dÀ tsöÕregoo: Hudson Bay blanket tsöitsöoÕ: porcupine quill tsöÕ weköaàts‡Í gÎh¯‡‡: Hudson Bay blanket (old word) tsöiwà: white spruce tsöÕ˙eÀ: duffle coat tsöiwà gotsöÎ·hdzÃÃ: spruce cone tsöÕtöaà: inner blanket tsöiwà gotsö·ÎhjÃÃ: spruce cone tsöÕt¯Ãa: flannel blanket, flannel sheet tsöiwà˙oÕ: spruce boughs of white spruce tsöÎ, hanÃ-le dÀ gotsöÎ: until (conjunction), before tsöiwi, hanÃ-le dÀ tsöewi: wake up (one actor) mÍgÕÕ tsÍwi tsöÎ: until the new fish net gets ruined DàanÃ tsöeneewo?: How did you wake up? tsöÎtö·Î, hanÃ-le dÀ tsöÀtö·Î: dirt, dustball tsöiwÃi: cluster of trees tsöÎtö·Î edÀe: vacuum cleaner tsöiwÃicho: large cluster of trees tsöÎtö·Î e¯ÀgwÃi: rake (noun) tsöiwÃitso: large cluster of trees tsöÎtö·Î e¯Àhgwi: rake (verb) tsöiyehwhi, hanÃ-le dÀ tsöeyehwhi: wake (him/her) TsöesÀw‡hwhi n·. Be sure to wake me! tsöÎtö·Î Ãhchii: vacuum cleaner tsöiz·Î: old tree tsöÎtö·Î Ãhtsii: vacuum cleaner tsöizh·Î: old tree 106 wedaà agotö‡: happen in front of, see (it) happen, be witness to WetsöÀke wedaà agÕjà. It happened in sight of his T¯‡ch· kãÈÈ wife./His wife witnessed it. wedaà gowhÃle, hanÃ-le dÀ wedaà goÕle: be blind wedaà nàhÕÀwo: happened in (his/her) sight, waatiàsaà: type of small duck named after its call, witnessed shoveler w AmÃi wedaà nàhÕÀwo?: Who witnessed it? waàköÎfi, hanÃ-le dÀ weghaÀhköÎfi: Metis, half-breed wedaà whÃle: be blind we˙Í‡: behind (postposition), in the shelter of wedaedaa: weighing scale (postposition) be locked up (one thing/person) ShÃhka dekeÍzha là, kwe˙Í‡ nÃÃt¯a ÀtöiÃ, eÀhkwö·. wedaÀtÍ: She went up the hill, and as soon as she was WedaÀtÍ ha. He will be locked up. behind the rock, she listened. wedagoÀhwhÕ, hanÃ-le dÀ wedagoÕhwhÕ: be noisy, Sa köoh ˙Í‡ ajà. The sun went behind the clouds. be loud we˙·hköeÀ: over the other side of WedÀ nechà-lea köÕch‡Í hazh·Î köe köet¯o, wedagoÀhwhÕ. Her little sister was walking on all we˙Î·: away from the branches, making lots of noise. we˙ÎÎ: more than, beyond wedaghaa: along the edge of, level to Josie ye˙ÎÎ a‡hzh·. Josie is bigger than her. Wedaghaa tsöÎ dàgoÀ˙·. It is full to the rim. webàa, hanÃ-le dÀ wembàa: edge, seam Nà‡dla töà nàÀhdlii köÀ wedaghaa nàyeeli. She is Webàa z· nà‡dla. Only its edge was ripped. sewing along the edge of the seam because it is torn. wechfifi: bottom edge of tent or skirt wedaghà: beard, whiskers wecheekeÀ: helper, follower, disciple, apostle, servant weda‡˙·, hanÃ-le dÀ wedanÃ‡˙·: be closed, be shut off wechÍkwö·Î kà‡tsÕ: have a humped back weda‡˙··, hanÃ-le dÀ wedanÃ‡˙··: bottle cap, cork, wechÍtöa: behind in space lid wechoÕ: down feathers weda‡t··, hanÃ-le dÀ wedanÃ‡t··: lid, covering wechöà: against, away from wedakàetÍ, hanÃ-le dÀ wedaxàetÍ: be opened (one AyÃigh· gochöà köeda?: Why is she avoiding us? thing) wechöà hoej‡: be feared, be dangerous Dàhtöe dÀ nà˙edÃi köÀ wedakàetÍ ha?: When is the Sahcho denahköe wechöà hoej‡. Grizzly bears are store going to be opened? the most dangerous. Wedakà‡t·. It has been opened. wechöàetö·: be against the law, be illegal, be wedfifi: rim, lip area forbidden, be taboo libÕ dfifi: rim of the cup weda: for, on behalf of, while (he/she) is absent wedfifi wedaghà: moustache Gida gizha köÀhdÃ. I watch their kids for them. wedàà: against Seda lidÃ nehts‡. Make tea while I’m gone. N‡htsöi dàà köegetöÕ. They were paddling against wedaanàhoeta: be researched the wind. wedaatsöÎ: more than wedaà: in front of, in the sight of, in the presence of 107 wedfl: without, do without wegha: for, for the benefit of, according to the Ke dfl köeht¯o. I’m walking around without shoes. experience of BÕ dfl geÀhkwöe. They are out of food. Bob, ayÃi yegha nàyeehdÃ ha?: What is Bob going Sedfl ha. It is going to be without me. They are to buy for her? going to have to do without me. Naxegha edi. It’s hot for us. wedfl kÕ, hanÃ-le dÀ wedfl hÕ: forget it!, leave it! wegha dÃÀ: be too much for, can’t take it, mourn, Wedfl kÕ niw·. He changed his mind. agonize wediÃ, hanÃ-le dÀ wendiÃ: food, bait, feed wegha dzà àgÎhtöe: be uncertain for t¯‡cho diÃ: oatmeal Segha dzà àgÎhtöe. I was uncertain. wedoo: above wegha esanÃle: be okay with Godoo nàdÀ. She lives above us. Negha esanÃle nÃ?: Is it okay with you? wedlÕo: laughter wegha gotsöeÀdi: be sad, be miserable, be down, be WedlÕo nez‡. She has a nice laugh. unhappy, bored D· gigha gotsöeÀdi n‡dÀ, gikwÃghà köetsöeetöà. If wedzaeköoo: white-winged scoter people are sad, we cut their hair. wedzeÀ nàtso: be bold, be courageous, be brave wegha gÕ˙·, hanÃ-le dÀ wegha hÕ˙·: have time for, wedzeÀ s·niw·: be kind, be good-hearted, be happy have room for wedzÃicho: large male caribou ˘eh ‡¯À z· yehts‡ ha wegha gÕ˙·. She only has time to make one coat. wedzÃitso: large male caribou wegha nez‡: like, enjoy, be good for wedz· whehtsÃa: bib Cheko gixÀgotsöedo gogha nez‡. We enjoy telling wedz·htöoÕ köe tÀwhehtsÃi: bib stories to the kids. weel‡Í, hanÃ-le dÀ deel‡Í: fresh, raw wegha sÃgoÀtö‡: have fun, be cheery Segha sÃgoÀtö‡. I’m having fun. wee¯‡‡, hanÃ-le dÀ wee¯‡ni: devil wegha s·ni lagÎhtöe: be confused about a situation wee¯‡‡kÎ: hell wegha yati-lee: unbeliever, atheist weÀdàl· wedaghà gahchÀ: goatee weghaeka: get pricked, get scratched weÀdàl· wedaghà gahtsÀ: goatee S‡là ghaeka. My hand is being pricked. wegà: beside, next to, near weghagÕ‡˙à: have a hole MÎlaidiÃ ¯À gà whela. The groceries are beside the Elà weghagÕ‡˙à tsö·˙Î ti weyÃi atö‡. Because the flour. canoe has a hole in it, water is coming into it. wegee: between, through weghaköa‡˙a: have a sharp pain in the upper body Ek·Î töaa chekoa dech‡ gee naÀhko. That is SedziÃwiÃ ghaköa‡˙a. I have a sharp pain in my where the boy hopped between the trees. chest. s‡là gee: between my fingers weghàà, hanÃ-le dÀ weghàrÃ: by, by means be skinny weg·, hanÃ-le dÀ weg·fi: of, according to, throughout, using as a guide wegÕÃtöà: be found, be found out, be discovered (postposition) Niy‡ÍchÃ n‡dÀ, wegÕÃtöà ha. If he has taken it, he’ll dzfl ghàà: throughout the day be found out. weghàà edi tsö‡l‡ köÀedz··, hanÃ-le dÀ weghàà edi WegÕÀtö· n‡dÀ weehwh·. I hope he is found. tsö‡l‡ köÀÀj··: thermometer for the body wegÎh¯‡: be born weghàà edi tsö‡l‡ köÀej··, hanÃ-le dÀ weghàà edi tsö‡l‡ köÀÀj··: thermometer for the body 108 weghàà edza xÀÃhdzà köÀedz··, hanÃ-le dÀ weghàà weghÎt‡: be given (animate object) edza xÀÃhdzà köÀÀj··: thermometer for the weather chekoa goÎt‡‡: adopted child weghàà edza xÀÃhdzà köÀej··, hanÃ-le dÀ weghàà weghÎtöà: be given (chunky object) edza xÀÃhdzà köÀÀj··: thermometer for the weather Contract gighÎtö·. The contract was given to weghàà nàyaehtii d·Î: chairperson them. weghàg‡‡˙àa: leftovers weghÎze: be given (plural objects) T¯‡ weghÎza. Dogs were given to him. weghàhodÃ: be treated with politeness, be honoured weghÎzhe: be given (plural objects) weghàhoÀwo: be left over, leftovers T¯‡ weghÎzha. Dogs were given to him. weghàhÕ‡˙·: be given a task, be instructed to do wej· whehchÃa: bib something wej·htöoÕ köe tÀwhehchÃi: bib weghàsÃetsöeÀzaa: leftovers weka: on, on top of weghàsÃetsöeÀzhaa: leftovers shÃh ka: on top of the mountain wegh·: about, concerning, of, because of, from SatsÎköÎ· ka ¯ÀtöÀ ehtöÀ. She is baking bannock on AyÃi gh· netse?: What are you crying about? top of the stove. ¤xÈfl ¯o gh· kÀgoatö‡-le. Yesterday we couldn’t see weka, hanÃ-le dÀ w‡ka: for, looking for (postposition) anything because of the smoke. Chi ka nàtsöezÀ ha. We are going to hunt for wegh· naxoeze: be forgiven ducks. Segh· naxoeze. I am forgiven. Yeka köe˙eeta. He is rummaging around looking for it. wegh· naxoezhe: be forgiven Segh· naxoezhe. I am forgiven. wekaà: sores wegh· nàedÃ: sell, be bought from wekàgoedÃ, hanÃ-le dÀ wexàgoedÃ: be asked, be Wegh· nàedÃ ha. He is going to sell it. invited, be sent for WekàgoedÃ ha. He will be sent for. wegh· sÀtsöezee: food, groceries NekàgoÀhdÃ. You have been invited. wegh· sÃdÃi d·Î: humorous person, joker, comedian wekÀ etsöaet¯ee: motorbike wegh· s·honiw·, hanÃ-le dÀ wegh· s·ho‡w·: be wekÀ etsöaÀhmÎ·: motorbike favoured, be honoured Hazh·Î tsöÀko daatsöÎ negh· s·honiw·. You are wekÀ nàke: motorbike favoured above all women. weköaàts‡Í: be coloured, its colour wegh· shÀtsöezhee: food, groceries weköabàa: side, edge wegh·enÀ: lose, be beaten etsöÀe˙·nÀe t‡li köabàa: the other side of the road Gigh·enÀ kÕ, gigha töasanÃle. Losing doesn’t weköabàa d‡ e¯Í‡hchoo: square matter to them. weköabàa d‡ e¯Í‡htsoo: square wegh·hköeÀ: alongside of, on one side of weköa‡˙a: have pain in the sides wegh·nihoÀt·: be loved, be valued, be treasured, be protected, be cherished weköà: blade Negh·nihoÀt·. You are loved. Weköà nedÀ-le. Its blade isn’t long. Eg· chöà wegh·nihoÀt·. It is protected from weköe: on, during drying out. BebÃa edeköe yÀhda. She has the baby sitting on her. ¤dÃ sa köe sezha nàke sekÎ nàg‡‡dÀ. During last month my two kids stayed at my house. 109 weköe asÃi katsöehtii en‡ht¯öÀÀ: catalogue WeköetÃcho TÃ: Duncan Lake weköe da˙elaa: shelf WeköetÃtso TÃ: Duncan Lake weköe deketsöiÃdÀe: stairs weköetsöÎ: on, unto NÎhts‡ sÃi töasÃideÀ seköetsöÎ a‡là. God did weköe ewÕ ¯àetsöehgÀe: stick for wringing hides something great unto me. weköe gohtö· köe˙etsöee˙àa: ironing board weköÀahkaa: Morning Star, Evening Star weköe gohtö· köena˙etsee: washboard weköÀchöa: against (his/her) will or wish weköe köetsöedÀe: sidewalk SeköÀchöa eghàla‡da-le. Don’t go against me. weköe nÃÃdÃ: be measured by the span of the arms D· köÀchöa nÃ‡htöÀ. He is quick-tempered. weköe n·ÎnatsöeedÀe: bridge weköÀedz·, hanÃ-le dÀ weköÀÀj·: be known weköe sa‡de: be shiny, reflect light weköÀehoewo: be all over the place, travel all around Kwe weköe sa‡de. The rock is reflecting the light. wenazh‡Í köÀehoewoo: imagination weköe sa‡d‡: reflect off weköÀej·, hanÃ-le dÀ weköÀÀj·: be known weköe tsàwÕ tsöeboo: fur stretcher weköÀÀ: one of a pair WeköÀÀ sa‡chi. Give me the other one of the pair. weköe tso tàtsöeetöàa: sawhorse Libà köÀÀ whÃle. One sock is missing. weköe tsöeÀhkwöee: couch, seating weköÀÀ: after, behind, following after (postposition) weköee: after a certain time Wetà köÀÀ getse. They cry after their father. totani köee: after midnight Nel‡Í seköÀÀ köe˙à. Your dogs are following me. weköeeköo: be wind-burned, be freezer-burned weköÀÀ gÕ˙··: imprint of it, place weköeeköÎ: be burned weköÀghoköÀ: loop, slip-knot, noose Tso ¯· köeeköÎ. A lot of wood is being burned. weköÀhodÃ: be looked after, be kept weköeetöÀe: grill weköÀhodÃi ekwÎÎ: reindeer WeköeÀ¯edl‡‡ TÃ, hanÃ-le dÀ WeköeÀhdl‡‡ TÃ: Quyta weköÀÃze: be confirmed in the church Lake east of Yellowknife done köÀÃzee: confirmation weköeÀtö‡‡: lazy person, loser weköÀÃzhe: be confirmed in the church WeköeÀtö‡‡ lahÎtöe. He’s like a lazy person. done köÀÃzhee: confirmation weköehoewi, hanÃ-le dÀ weköeewi: be spent, be used WeköÀ¯etsöadzÃi TÃ: Castor Lake up (time or money) S·Îmba ¯· köeho‡wo: A lot of money was spent. WeköÀ¯etsöajÃi TÃ: Castor Lake weköe‡tÎ, hanÃ-le dÀ wekö‡‡tÎ: be broke, be out of weköÀtaÃdz·: be baptized money, be broken Chekoa got¯öaà köÀtaÃdz·. The child is our Dii sa köe seköe‡tÎ. This month I’m broke. Godchild. weköena˙etse: be washed weköÀt¯öaa gotsöÎ: all of, to the last one Naxi-gohtö·Î sÃi kö·Îtöa hazh·Î weköena˙atso. weköÀtsöa: against (his/her) will or wish Your clothes have all just been washed. SeköÀtsöa eghàla‡da-le. Don’t go against me. weköen‡‡töi: be tight on, be stretched on D· köÀtsöa nÃ‡htöÀ. He is quick-tempered. Se˙eÀ weköen‡‡töi dÃÀ. My jacket is too tight on him. weköÀtsöedl‡: be kissed weköenÃÃdi: be pressed down on SeköÀtsöedl‡ ha dehwh·-le. I don’t want to be kissed. 110 weköÀxa: in payment for (postposition), instead of, in welÃ, hanÃ-le dÀ lÃ, elÃ, wilÃ: Expression to emphasize exchange for uncertainty or hoping, may it be WeköÀxa nàehdÃ ha. I will pay for her. Edahx· asÃi goghàg‡‡dÃ elÃ. They might give us S·Îmba köÀxa negha eghàlaehda ha. I will work something to eat. for you in exchange for money. J· wheda welÃ làanÃ na. It looked like she would have been here. weköÈÈ, hanÃ-le dÀ weköÀÀ: in accordance with, like What can we do? (postposition), agreeing with (postposition) AyÃi dàtsö‡Ílà wilÃ?: MÕla köÈÈ gogede. They are speaking French. wel·: end (noun) WeköÈÈ hÕ˙· ha. It will be in agreement with it. dii sa wel· tsöÎ: until the end of this month wel· whÃle tsöÎ tsöeedaa: living eternally wekö·Àl‡‡ dià: island which a river flows on both sides of wel· whÃle tsöÎ: forever, for eternity wekwe: before welÕmfifi: skunk Sa köà˙àa kwe neg‡Íde. They got up before wem·Î: around sunrise. D· kÎ dÀkö·· m·Î geÀhkwöe. People are sitting wekwe ÀtöiÃ: right before, just before around the fire. D‡ gh· nÃ‡˙· kwe ÀtöiÃ agele ha. They will do it right wenaà˙Í‡: without the knowledge of (postposition), before four o’clock. hidden from the sight of (postposition) WekweÀtÃ: Snare Lake Senaà˙Í‡ hoÀwo. It occurred without my knowledge. wekwÃ dezÃ: be stubborn, be unable to learn wenaà˙Í‡ hoÀwo: confuse wekwÃ dezhÃ: be stubborn, be unable to learn Ginaà˙Í‡ hoÀwo. It confused them. wekwÃ eya: have a headache wenaàht·: without the knowledge of (postposition), wekwÃ go‡z·-le: be slow of mind, be mentally ill, be behind the back of (postposition), while (he/she) is crazy unaware (postposition), secretly wekwÃ go‡zh·-le: be slow of mind, be mentally ill, be Senaàht· seköàda‡wo-le. Don’t make fun of me crazy behind my back. Seàg‡fi wenaàht· weghàehnda. I watch my friend wekwÃ nàtso: be stubborn without her being aware of it. wekwÃ whÃlea: short-necked owl wenadfiË: in front of, before (his/her) eyes, in (his/her) wekwÃghà˙oÕ: untidy hair presence YenadfiË wheda. She sits in front of him. WekwÃtöa‡l‡‡ TÃ: Mattberry Lake wenagoÀ˙à: be found again wekwÃtöatsöaehköÀa: helicopter WenagoÃ˙·. He has been found again. wekwÎ whÃle: be skinny, be not fleshy wenahköe: Postposition used in making comparisons, wekwö·Î: empty more than LiÃht· wekwö·Î. The kettle is empty. Dii cheko nenahköe nàtso. This child is stronger t· kwö·Î: empty bucket then you. wekwö·Î nÃtÍ: be buried wenahodÃ: be remembered Wekwö·Î nÃtÍ ha. Her bones are going to be buried. wenakweÀ: ahead of, before, in front of welaedÃ, hanÃ-le dÀ weladÃ: where is (he/she/it)? wenazÃi: in front of, in (his/her) vision N‡nde laedÃ?: Where is your older brother? wenazÃi köegogwoo: imagination welÀ sÎÎ: don’t let it happen!, don’t allow it! wenazÃi ho‡z‡-le: be dizzy 111 wenazÃi köegoke: see visions, be in a trance wete: over Dedzaà deh te nàwhegÀ ayÍlà. He stretched out wenazÃi to agÕdzà: had a black-out, vision darkened his legs over the river. NenazÃi to agÕdzà. You had a black-out. Yete köet¯o. She walks over him. wenazhÃi: in front of, in (his/her) vision wetöaa: next to, very close to wenazhÃi köegogwoo: imagination Yetöaa nÃÃt¯a. He came very close to it. wenazhÃi ho‡z‡-le: be dizzy wetöà: with, by means of wenazhÃi köegoke: see visions, be in a trance Xoh töà elà nàgeeli. They sew canoes with roots. wenazhÃi to agÕjà: had a black-out, vision darkened Kwe töà hoel‡. It is made of rock. NenazhÃi to agÕjà. You had a black-out. wetöà ˙ah tsöeghaa: needle for lacing snowshoes wen‡: among, in the midst of wetöà asÃi diÃdii: dye (noun) ¤mbÀ ghàà ti n‡ köebe. All summer it swims around calculator in the lake. wetöà asÃi e¯elaàtsöeehtàa: dech‡n‡: in the woods wetöà asÃi e¯iÃdzÀe: glue (noun) wen‡etsöÎ: in among, in the midst of wetöà asÃi köetsöehdii: wheelbarrow, cart for groceries Dech‡ n‡etsöÎ ezeh. He is shouting in among the wetöà asÃi tsöehtÃi: handmixer trees. wetöà asÃi tsöÃhsÕo: gaff hook wen‡‡dàà: through a substance (postposition) Wen‡‡dàà kÀgoatö‡-le. One cannot see through it. wetöà behch‡Í ‡dÕo detsöeedee: jack for vehicles N‡htsöi se˙eÀ n‡‡dàà atö‡. The wind goes through wetöà behts‡Í ‡dÕo detsöeedee: jack for vehicles my coat. Ti ˙eht¯ö‡ n‡‡dàà neht¯öÃ. Pour the water through the wetöà dech‡tÀ köena˙etsee: mop cloth. wetöà det¯aa t¯öiÃ: starter cord wenÃd·Î: towards, facing wetöà dets‡tÀ köena˙etsee: mop wenÃts·eköÀ: pop open, burst open wetöà dÀtsöeedÃi: nerves Popcorn wenÃts·eköÀ. The popcorn is popping. wetöà edaàtsöeedaa: weighing scales Zhàehkwö‡fi wenÃts·eköÀ. The nits pop open. wetöà edeghàtsöeedaa: mirror wenÍdlà: burst Balloon wenÍdlà ha. The balloon will burst. wetöà edetsöeedÃi: nerves wenÎhtöÕ: sharp edge of a blade wetöà edza eetöàa: glass cutter wenÎhtöÕ d‡ tsöÎ gÎh¯‡‡: square wetöà eghàlatsöeedaa: tool wesinÃyaeti: be judged, receive a sentence wetöà eghàlatsöeedaa en‡ht¯öÀÀ: social insurance number weta: in with, among, mixed in with D· ta wheda. She is sitting among the people. wetöà eghàlatsöeedaa godeÀ: tool KÎta köehda. I’m visiting around town. wetöà eja eetöàa: glass cutter ˜Àd‡ weta atsöeh˙‡. We put baking powder in with it. wetöà e¯iÃdzÀe: glue (noun), scotch tape wetadà: across from wetöà en‡ht¯öÀÃchÃi: camera Waàg‡fi yetadà nàdÀ. His friend lives across from wetöà en‡ht¯öÀÃchÃi nàedaa: movie projector him. wetöà en‡ht¯öÀÃtsÃi: camera wetahkweÀ: peninsula connected to the mainland by a rocky bar of land 112 wetöà en‡ht¯öÀÃtsÃi nàedaa: movie projector wetöà ÃÃdzàa: measuring tape wetöà enÃedoo: lock (noun), padlock wetöà kÎ naekwii: fire extinguisher wetöà enÃ‡˙aa: door bolt wetöà köetsöebee: bathing suit wetöà etsöeehsÃi: whistle (noun) wetöà kwe nàeköÀe: dynamite wetöà etsöeehshÃi: whistle (noun) wetöà ¯ÀtöÀwiÃ köeeköÎ·: toaster wetöà ewÕ ¯àtatsöeehgee: stick for wringing hides wetöà ¯iÃdzÀe: glue (noun), scotch tape wetöà godfifi tsöeet¯öÀe: lipstick wetöà ¯iwe natsöiÃkaa: fish scoop, scoop net wetöà godeh kàedee, hanÃ-le dÀ wetöà godeh wetöà nà˙etsöeelii ·hchÃa: sewing bag xàedee: screwdriver wetöà nà˙etsöeelii ·htsÃa: sewing bag wetöà godeh köeÀtsöeedee: wrench wetöà n‡hbàa edenÃ˙aa dech‡Í: tent peg wetöà goghÕÕ köena˙etsee t¯eÀ: toothpaste wetöà n‡hbàa edenÃ˙aa dets‡Í: tent peg wetöà goghÕÕ köena˙etsee t¯öoÕ: toothbrush wetöà satsÎ ghàlatsöeedaa: tool for working metal wetöà gohtö· e¯‡Í˙aa: clothespin wetöà satsÎ ghàlatsöeedaa t·Î: toolbox wetöà gohtö· ghàtatsöeetsii: hand-wringer for clothes wetöà satsÎ köetsöeetöàa: hacksaw wetöà gohtö· köe˙etsöee˙àa: iron for clothes wetöà satsÎ köetsöeetöàa webeÀ: hacksaw blade wetöà gohtö· köena˙etsee: washing machine wetöà ti e¯aet¯öÃi: water bomber wetöà gohtö· köena˙etsee nàÀdiÃ: bleach wetöà ti e¯aet¯öÕo: water bomber wetöà gohtö· naedzàa: dryer wetöà ti et‡-le: anti-freeze wetöà gohtö· naejàa: dryer wetöà ti kàtsöeedee, hanÃ-le dÀ wetöà ti xàtsöeedee: wetöà goÃgoo nàÀdiÃ: penicillin water tap wetöà goköetsöeetÍ‡: broom wetöà t· tsöegoo edÀ: ice chisel wetöà gokwÃghà ehtsöÕ atsöeh˙‡‡: hair curler wetöà t¯e deyÃet¯öÕo: funnel wetöà gokwÃghà köena˙etsee dat¯eÀ: shampoo wetöà tsöeelÃi t¯öiÃ: starter rope, pull-string wetöà gokwÃghà natsöehsàa: hair-dryer wetöà xeh köezee: barge wetöà gokwÃghà natsöehshàa: hair-dryer wetöà xeh köezhee: barge wetöà golag·Î köetsöeetöàa: nail clipper wetöà yati ÃchÃi: tape-recorder, cassette recorder wetöà gonagoÕ tsöeet¯öÀe: eyebrow pencil wetöà yati ÃtsÃi: tape-recorder, cassette recorder wetöà gotsöedee: telephone wetöà yati tsöÃhchÃi: tape recorder wetöà goyiÃ go¯ek··: air freshener wetöà yati tsöÃhtsÃi: tape recorder wetöà ‡¯àànàtsöewoo: suit of clothing wetöà zah kàegee, hanÃ-le dÀ wetöà zhah xàegee: snow shovel wetöà ‡töÎchàa kàeshee, hanÃ-le dÀ wetöà ‡töÎchàa xàeshee: flower seed wetöà zaka köetsöedzoo: skis wetöà ‡töÎtsàa kàesee, hanÃ-le dÀ wetöà ‡töÎchàa wetöà zhah kàegee, hanÃ-le dÀ wetöà zhah xàegee: xàeshee: flower seed snow shovel wetöà zhaka köetsöedzoo: skis 113 wetöàa˙à: be important, be useful wetsöà hoedz‡: be feared, be dangerous Wetöàa˙à deÀ hÎtöe. It is of great importance. Sahtso denahköe wetsöà hoedz‡. Grizzly bears are GoyatiÃ sÃi gogha wetöàa˙àa töà wegh·netsöeÀt· the most dangerous. ha h·töe. Because our language is important to us wetsöà˙eedÃ: be paid we have to treasure it. ¤xÈfl gitsöà˙eÀdÃ. They were paid yesterday. wetöàatöà: be (his/her) fault wetsöàetö·: be against the law, be illegal, be wetöàhoÀ˙à: be useful, be important forbidden, be taboo wetöàÃsàa: knot wetsöÀ: female animal wetöàÃshàa: knot wetsö‡h˙Î: because of wetöiÃ: bark of a tree, peel (noun) wetsö·: belonging to, possessing, owning WetöiÃ whÃle ag‡Ílà n·Î. They have taken off its Eyi t¯‡, amÃi wetsö· ne?: That dog, who does it bark, evidently. belong to? ˜iwegotsÀ naxitsö·. We have stick-fish. wetöÎ: next to, beside, subordinate to EdàidzflÈtöÎ: Saturday wetsö·: from Setsö· ajà. It came from me. wet¯öa: under Wetsö· Nà‡l‡‡ TÃ: Discovery wet¯öa: from (his/her) hands wetsö·dàanÃ‡˙··: stopper, blockage, bottle cap wet¯öaà: into (his/her) hands Ti eht·-le kÕ wetsö·dàanÃ‡˙·· z· eht·. The water wet¯öaekwöi: fall from (his/her) hands, drop didn’t freeze, but only its cap froze. Wet¯öaekwöi ha. It is going to fall from his hands. wetsö·dàanÃ‡wa: block its opening, close the Net¯öaÀkwöo. You dropped it. entrance wet¯öahköe, hanÃ-le dÀ wet¯öaköe: to the surprise of away from (postposition), startling (him/her) (postposition) wetsö·Î: BehchokÎ tsö·Î nàhdÀ. I live away from Rae. Set¯öahköe agÕjà. I was taken by surprise. wetsö·Îhköe: on the side of, on (his/her) side of wet¯öà: bottom of, rear end wetsöÎ: to, towards, up to wet¯öàx·Î: after, next to, in place of, in the absence They are walking towards me. of SetsöÎ ¯egeat¯e. Detö· wÀhdaà eyÀ eköÀd‡ hanÃ-le dÀ hoÕn· tsöÎ Net¯öàx·Î ahjà. I took your place. nÃgogele. Some ducks lay eight eggs or up to ten eyi tlöàx··: after that eggs. wetsfifi: bottom edge of tent or skirt wewà ¯·: be a talker, be a chatter wetseekeÀ: helper, follower, disciple, apostle, servant wewàetöà: receive communion wetsÍ: scent (noun) Sewàetöà ha. I am going to receive communion. wetsÍkwö·Î kà‡tsÕ: have a humped back wewàhÕdi: have a taste of it, be fed wetsÍtöa: behind in space Newàho‡dÃ nÃ?: Did you have a taste? wetsoÕ: down feathers weweÀ wheda: lie dead, be killed NeweÀ wheneda, gogh·yanfl˙· köÀxa. You will lie wetsöahdfifi gÎh¯‡‡: hooded dead, because you tricked us. wetsöà: against, away from wewÕ achöi: be skinned AyÃigh· gotsöà köeda?: Why is she avoiding us? TsöÀko wegà dz·wÕ achöi-lee ¯· whela. Beside the woman there are lots of unskinned muskrats.

114 wewÕ atsöi: be skinned weyÃi, hanÃ-le dÀ wezhÃi: inside a confining thing TsöÀko wegà dz·wÕ atsöi-lee ¯· whela. Beside the YÃwÕ weyÃi dz·wÕ whelaa tsöÀko gà whehchÃh. woman there are lots of unskinned muskrats. A sack with muskrats inside it is lying beside the woman. wewhÃle: be gone, pass away, be non-existent weyÃi bÕ kàetöÀe, hanÃ-le dÀ weyÃi bÕ xàetöÀe: oven wexa: by a place, past a place Tsö·Îko¯‡‡ wet¯ö·mbàà xa nàahtöà nÀ, ‡h¯Ífi weyÃi bÕ kàetöÀe dat¯eÀ: oven cleaner köeahtöà. When you walk past the evil old woman’s weyÃi eÀtö‡‡, hanÃ-le dÀ weyeÀtö‡‡: binoculars tent, walk quietly. weyÃi goÍht¯e: dent wexÀ: with T· weyÃi goÍht¯e anele-le. Don’t dent the pot. SedÀ ‡¯Èfl yexÀ ajà. One of my younger sisters went with her. weyÃi naebee t·Î: cooking pot wexÀ˙ehchi, hanÃ-le dÀ wexÀehchi: be tied up, be weyÃi n‡htsöi tsöehts‡‡ elàà: rubber raft, inflatable boat wrapped weyÃi tsöÎtö·Î tsöehdÀe: waste basket ¤¯aà elà tsöÎ wexÀehchi. He was still tied up to the boat. weyÃitsöÎ: into, deep into t¯ö·hbàa yÃitsöÎ: deep into the tent wexÀ˙eht·, hanÃ-le dÀ wexÀeht·: camp until freeze- up, get frozen up in camp wezii: under, underneath wexÀ˙ehtsi, hanÃ-le dÀ wexÀehchi: be tied up, be wezÃi, hanÃ-le dÀ weyÃi: inside a confining thing wrapped wezhii: under, underneath ¤¯aà elà tsöÎ wexÀehtsi. He was still tied up to the inside a confining thing boat. wezhÃi, hanÃ-le dÀ weyÃi: wÀdaatö‡‡, hanÃ-le dÀ wÀnaatö‡‡: good-looking, pretty, wexÀ˙Íhz·, hanÃ-le dÀ wexÀÍhzh·: fit (him/her/it), be beautiful, glorious the right size Ke nexÀ˙Íhz· nÃ?: Do the shoes fit you? wÀgoatö‡, hanÃ-le dÀ wÀgaatö‡: look like, appear, be visible wexÀ˙Íhzh·, hanÃ-le dÀ wexÀÍhzh·: fit (him/her/it), be I look like Mother. the right size Ene köÈÈ sÀgaatö‡. Ke nexÀ˙Íhzh· nÃ?: Do the shoes fit you? wÀgoehtöÍ: appeared, be seen, be visible wexÀehtöe: be same as, be as successful as, be as wÀhdaà, hanÃ-le dÀ mÎhdaà: some, few determined as wÀhoedi, hanÃ-le dÀ wÀedi: be possible eyi xÀehtöe: likewise/the same as that J· shÃh ka gotsö· n‡dÀ, k‡dàtsöeewÃ ha wÀhoedi. wexÀet¯·: one each, as many as, each It’s possible to fall from on top of the hill here. SÃgalek·fi goxÀet¯·. There are enough candies for wÀhoedi-le, hanÃ-le dÀ wÀedi-le: be difficult, be each of us. impossible GixÀet¯· tsöÎ en‡ht¯öÀ goghà‡la. He gave each of them a book. wÀnaatö‡‡, hanÃ-le dÀ wÀdaatö‡‡: good-looking, pretty, beautiful, glorious wexÀwherÃht‡: echo off of WÀnaatö‡‡ adÍlà gà elàcho yÃi ek·Î geÀhchÃ. He It echoes off the mountain. ShÃh xÀwherÃht‡. made himself beautiful, then they took him there by weyeÀdi: be magnetic, attract things to itself boat. weyeÀtö‡‡, hanÃ-le dÀ weyÃi eÀtö‡‡: binoculars wiizÃi, hanÃ-le dÀ wizÃi, w‡‡zÃi: none at all done wiizÃi: nobody at all weyÃewÃ: be flowing in Detö· wiizÃi gÎh¯‡-le. There are no ducks at all.

115 wiÃle, hanÃ-le dÀ weÀle, woÕle, ghoÕle: coney, w·hgw‡, hanÃ-le dÀ m·hgw‡, wohgw‡: owl inconnu w·hgw‡ degoo: snowy owl WiÃle DeÀ, hanÃ-le dÀ WoÕle DeÀ: Cameron River w··whﬁ: beside, alongside WiÃle DeÀ Nà‡l‡‡, hanÃ-le dÀ WoÕle DeÀ Nà‡l‡‡: w·töe, hanÃ-le dÀ gh·töe: be heard Cameron Falls Tsöeji w·töe. I hear singing. WiÃle TÃ, hanÃ-le dÀ WoÕle TÃ: Cameron Lake wÎhdaà, hanÃ-le dÀ mÎhdaà, wÀhdaà, mÎhnaà: w‡Íhköà: have a cold, be chilled some, few Sah wÎhdaà sÃi ejiedoÕ làanÃ wÀgaatö‡. Some w‡nàà, hanÃ-le dÀ w‡nÃÃ, w‡nÃà: be happy, happiness bears look brown. DonezhÃi chi tsöÀko chi e¯exÀ da¯egeet¯o n‡dÀ, GÕa wÎhdaà z· whihcha. I cooked only a little go‡nàà. When a man and woman dance with each rice. other, we are happy. w‡nàà-le, hanÃ-le dÀ w‡nÃÃ-le: be mad, be unhappy w‡nÃ dedz‡: be afraid, be nervous, be skittish w‡nÃ dej‡: be afraid, be nervous, be skittish w‡nÃ köÀchöa: against (his/her) will or wish, be angry T¯‡ch· kãÈÈ w‡nÃ köÀtsöa: against (his/her) will or wish, be angry w‡nÃ nez‡: be friendly, be pleasant w‡nÃahÎ·töÀ: have a temper, be cruel wha: martenwh w‡nÃà, hanÃ-le dÀ w‡nÃÃ, w‡nàà: be happy, happiness wha: pole, pole structure w‡nÃÃ, hanÃ-le dÀ w‡nàà, w‡nÃà: be happy, happiness Wha T¯öà: Sandy Bay w‡nÃÃ nàÃt¯o: have a temper, be temperamental wha˙ehda: sandy point w‡nÃÃ-le, hanÃ-le dÀ w‡nàà-le: be mad, be upset whaà: long time, long ago N‡nÃÃ-le nÃ?: Are you mad? Whaà eyi nà‡wo. She stood there for a long time. w‡tsö·Î: wing of a bird whaà gotsö·: from a long time ago, for a long time wÃyeh: be named Whaà gotsö· s‡làÀn· s·Îmba negh·nÃeh˙· ‡lÀ. I Julia sÃyeh. I am named Julia. lent you $50 from a long time ago. wohgw‡, hanÃ-le dÀ m·hgw‡, w·hgw‡: owl whaà gotsöÎ: for a long time, until late Whaà gotsöÎ dech‡ gà zhah t¯öa wheda. She sat wohgw‡ degoo: snowy owl next to the tree under the snow for a long time. juniper berry wohgw‡ dzÃÃ: whaà hoÀwo: long time has passed, be too late wohgw‡ jÃÃ: juniper berry Whaà hoÀwo daatsöÎ xàya‡hti. He spoke after a long time had passed. woÕle, hanÃ-le dÀ ghoÕle, wiÃle: coney, inconnu Segha whaà hoÀwo. It was too late for me. WoÕle DeÀ: Cameron River whaà kÕ, hanÃ-le dÀ whaà xÕ: long time ago WoÕle DeÀ Nà‡l‡‡: Cameron Falls whaà whet‡: sleep late WoÕle DeÀ TÃ: Cameron Lake whaà-le: soon wotà‡sah, hanÃ-le dÀ wÕotiasah, waat‡àsaà, Whaà-le ÀtöiÃ eht¯öÀ ¯· ade ha. Soon it’s going to be Ëataasah, waatiàsaà: shoveler, named after its call, muddy. pintail 116 whaà-lea: short time, very soon wheda: be (located) (one person), sit (one person), stay (one person) whaàtsö·: from a long time ago, old EneÀko ezeh, óJ· whida!ò: The old man was Radio whaàtsö· h·töe töà, nez‡Í dedi-le. The radio calling, “I am here!” is old so it doesn’t sound good. To ghàà seàg‡ﬁ sexÀ ‡dà. All through the night, my whachoÕ, hanÃ-le dÀ whach·Î: alone, by oneself friend stayed with me. Whach·Î wheneda. Sit by yourself. wheg·: be dry whaÀhd·Î: oldtimers, people long ago whehchÃh: be (located) (cloth object) whaÀhd·Î godiÃ: old-time story, legend Weköe tsöÕ whehchÃh. There is a blanket on him. whaÀhd·Î tsöaà: oldtimer’s cap wheht·: be (located) (containerful) whagwe: sandy ground with pine trees and very little Eyi ti nechàa wheht·. There was a large lake there. undergrowth AsÍÍ lidÃ wheht·?: Is there tea? ¤t¯öÎ wÀhdaà whagwe köe dehshe. Some whehtsÃh: be (located) (cloth object) cranberries grow on sandy ground. Weköe tsöÕ whehtsÃh. There is a blanket on him. whagwe köe: sandy area whehtsöÕ: be filled with pus whalàhÕl‡: sandy point narrows SekwÎ whehtsöÕ. I have a boil on me. whatÀ: prairie with sandy soil whehtsöÕo: boil (noun), abscess WhatÃ, hanÃ-le dÀ TsÎtÃ: Lac La Martre whekÎ: be hot to touch, be heated WhekÎ anele. Heat it up. whatöà: esker, sand ridge, gravel ridge whekÎ· agÎ·hwh·: have a fever whatsoÕ, hanÃ-le dÀ whach·Î: alone, by oneself Chekoa whekÎ· ayÍ‡hwh·. The child has a fever. WhatsoÕ wheneda. Sit by yourself. wheköÕ: be cold to touch, be cool whayeÀh˙·: have on the head, wear headgear Tsöah whaÀh˙·. He wears a hat. wheköÕo, hanÃ-le dÀ wheköÕo nà‡˙aa: refrigerator, freezer whayeÀhdlÃi: wear around the neck WheköÕo goyÃi ¯iwe ¯Îhd‡ whela. There are seven Ehtsöo whaÀhdlÃi. He is wearing beads. fish in the freezer. whàadi: complain wheköÕo nà‡˙aa: refrigerator whàdagoetsÎ: swear, talk dirty, abuse verbally, wheköÕo nechàa: freezer blaspheme, talk negatively wheköÕo netsàa: freezer whàyÀh˙·: keep in the mouth, chew on TsöetöÃi whàÀh˙·. He has tobacco in his mouth. whela: be (located) (plural objects) Nà˙edÃi kÎ, whe whaà gotsö· whela n·Î, eyitöà whe: belt dÀtÃ-le adlà n·Î. The belts had been in the store whe˙a: extend for a long time, so they had gotten cheap. T‡li wem·Î whe˙a. The road goes around it. wheli: be frozen whe˙·: be (located) (chunky object) Wegohtö·Î whelii whela. His frozen clothes are SadzeÀ ladà köe whe˙·. The clock is on the table. there. whechàa, hanÃ-le dÀ kwechàa: thick soup, stew, whel‡: have become porridge, rice stew SiÃ eneÀko whenel‡ dÃÀ. You have become a very JÃa xÀ gÕa whechàa segha ¯ek·. I like stewed rice old man. with raisins.

117 whete: be (located) (plural animate objects), sleep whÎ hodàdeÀhwhÕo: falling star (plural animate objects) whÎ köÀahkaa, hanÃ-le dÀ weköÀahkaa: Morning Star, People are sleeping. D· whete. Evening Star Dech‡ ta nàgedÀ n‡dÀ, done whaà whete-le. When they go to the bush, people don’t sleep long. whÎ köoÃhtsöaa, hanÃ-le dÀ whÎ go˙Ãhtsöaa: Dipper (stars) whet‡: be (located) (one animate object), be lying down (one animate object), sleep (one animate object) BebÃa yeköe whet‡ n·Î. The baby was lying on it. Whaà whenet‡-le. Don’t sleep long. T¯‡ch· kãÈÈ whet·: be (located) (rigid object) Behch‡Í j· whet·. The sled is here. whetöe: be cooked, be baked, be burnt xaàyeeht·, hanÃ-le dÀ hoghàyeeht·: teach (him/her) S‡là whetöe. My hand is burnt. Behch‡Í köÀtsöedÃx ha xaàw‡‡ht·. Teach him how to drive a vehicle. whet¯öi: be (located) (liquid or grainy material), be contained (liquid or grainy material) xaekÎ, hanÃ-le dÀ xaet·kÎ: school Ejat· yÃi ti whet¯öi. There is water in the jar. xah: goose, Canada goose Dewa weyÃi whet¯öi. There is salt in it (a container). ˜iköÀ agotöÍ n‡dÀ xah ¯· nÎ·dÀ. When it’s spring, a whetsàa, hanÃ-le dÀ kwechàa: thick soup, stew, lot of geese fly back. porridge, rice stew xatöaa: sheared hide, raw-hide with the hair and flesh DzÃa xÀ gÕa whetsàa segha ¯ek·. I like stewed rice removed with raisins. xatöÎ: fall-time, autumn whezÕ: be crooked, be bent T‡li whezÕ. The road is crooked. xayaehti: pray, speak out Dii dzflÈ gogha xayaehti ha. I am going to pray for wh‡tsöÃ: snow used to melt for water, in the bottom today. layer Nez‡Í gotsöÎ xaya‡hti. She spoke out well to them. whÃle: Expression for the absence of a thing or xayaeti: prayers are said experience, gone, not present, non-existent, missing, passed away xayeeöà: eat up ˜ÀtöÀ whÃle. There is no bread. Hazh·Î xayeeöà. He is eating it all. Ann, Josie chi getse, gim· giwhÃle töà. Ann and ˜ÀtöÀ hazh·Î xaehöà. I ate all the bread. Josie are crying, because their mothers are gone. xayeetöà: shear (it), shave the hair off of, cut the hair whÃle ayeh˙‡: remove off of ˜iwe tsöehbe kwe, ¯iwetöiÃ whÃle atsöeh˙‡. Before xayehdze: scrape the hair off of we boil the fish, we remove the fish scales. EwÕ xahdze. She is scraping the hide. whÍÍ: Adverb indicating failure or no success at xayehje: scrape the hair off of something, scarcely, in vain EwÕ xahje. She is scraping the hide. WhÍÍ ajà. He couldn’t do it./He was unsuccessful. xà-, hanÃ-le dÀ kà-, hà-: out (prefix) who: breech-cloth xà˙a, hanÃ-le dÀ kà˙a: come out wh·Îzaa: necklace gokwÎ ˙ÎÎ xà˙aa: chicken pox wh·Îzhaa: necklace xàà: cards Wh·sÃ WekÎ: Blackduck Camp EneÀko xàà töà s·nàgedÀ. The old men are playing cards. whÎ: star 118 xàà: club, baseball bat xàekwöi, hanÃ-le dÀ kàekwöi: fall out (single object) HÕt¯öÕ nà˙‡‡hxe töà xàà nàetÎ. Because he hit so Nes·Îmbaà xàekwöi sÎÎ. Your money might fall hard, the bat broke. out. xàà, hanÃ-le dÀ xàÀ, xàrÀ: Expression emphasizing xàel‡, hanÃ-le dÀ xà‡l‡, kà‡l‡: flow out the identity of someone, personally, really, truly dÀ goyÃi xà‡l‡‡: spring of water AsÍÍ nàÀdÃ köÀÀzh· n‡ xàà netsöÎ go‡de?: Did the Xàel‡‡: Marian Lake village doctor speak to you personally? Eded‡ xàà seedÎ· hÎtöe. He is my real son-in-law. Xàel‡‡ KÎ GÕlaa: Marian Lake town xàà nàkea: blackjack in cards xàet¯a, hanÃ-le dÀ kàet¯a: go out (one person), go out to the toilet (one person) xàà˙aa, hanÃ-le dÀ kàà˙aa: all kinds of, different Xàet¯a ha. He is going to go out (to the toilet). types ch‡fi xàà˙aa: all kinds of birds xàet¯a: leave (one or two people), go out (one or two people) xààkwö·Î, hanÃ-le dÀ xàÀkwö·Î: tree stump, Dàhtöe dÀ nekÎ tsö· xà‡t¯a ha?: When are you uprooted going to leave your house? xàch‡deÀwÕ: out of joint, dislocated HÕtöa xàÀht¯a. She already went out. xàdaat¯öÕ: becoming black, becoming bruised xàet¯öÃ, hanÃ-le dÀ kàet¯öÃ: spill out (liquid, powder), pour out xàdahoedÃ: boast, be boastful ti xàet¯öÃi köÀ: public water tap XàdahoedÃ gode. He is boasting. xàet¯öÕ, hanÃ-le dÀ kàet¯öÕ: pour out (large volume of xàde, hanÃ-le dÀ kàde: come out, screw out, slip out liquid), gush out en‡ht¯öÀ xàdee: fax TichöiÃ xàet¯öÕ. Sewage is pouring out. En‡ht¯öÀwÕ xàede. The paper is coming out. xàÀ, hanÃ-le dÀ xàà, xàrÀ: Expression emphasizing xàdeewÃ, hanÃ-le dÀ kàdeewÃ: fall out (single object) the identity of someone xàdeÀt¯öÕ: blacken, be bruised Eded‡ xàÀ netsöÎ go‡de kÕ, weköÀÀ anetöe-le n·Î. Wedaà xàdeÀt¯öÕ. He has a black eye. Although he spoke to you himself, you did not obey xàdeyeezi, hanÃ-le dÀ kàdeyeezhi: chase out, throw him. out xàgoÀ˙àa, hanÃ-le dÀ xàgoÕ˙àa: exit, way out xàdeyeezhi, hanÃ-le dÀ kàdeyeezhi: chase out, throw xàgoÀhköÎ: make a campfire, camp out, live out outdoors, picnic (verb) xàeda, hanÃ-le dÀ kàeda: go out to the toilet (one D· edezha xÀ xàgogeÀhköÎ. A man and his son person) are making a campfire. xàehse, hanÃ-le dÀ kàehshe: grow out, grow through xàgoÀköÎ: campfire is burning Eyi bebÃa weghÕÕ d‡ xà‡‡hs·. Four of the baby’s xàgo‡h˙à: there is a hole teeth have grown through. xàgo‡h˙àa köÀ: opening, hole xàehshe, hanÃ-le dÀ kàehshe: grow out, grow Xàgo‡h˙àa köÀ gogehts‡. They made a hole. through xàgÕyeedi, hanÃ-le dÀ xàgÎyeedi: lead out by the Eyi bebÃa weghÕÕ d‡ xà‡‡hsh·. Four of the baby’s hand teeth have grown through. xàgÕyeehdlà, hanÃ-le dÀ xàgÎyeehdlà: pull out by xàeka, hanÃ-le dÀ kàeka: jump out, come out the hand ¤xÈfl eyi bebÃa weghÕÕ xàÀhkÕ. Yesterday the My mother pulled him out by baby’s tooth came through. Sem· xàgÕyeÀhdla. the hand. xàekwöee köÀ: smoke hole xàhodÃ: be proud 119 xàht·: stranger, visitor, tourist xàyee˙ah, hanÃ-le dÀ kàyee˙ah: take out (cloth Xàihsà, hanÃ-le dÀ kàihsà!: Let me go out to the object) toilet! LadàwÕ xàeh˙ah ha. I’m going to take out the xàihsà niw·, hanÃ-le dÀ kàihsà niw·: need to go tablecloth. out to the bathroom xàyeechi, hanÃ-le dÀ kàyeechi: take out (single xà‡˙a, hanÃ-le dÀ kà‡˙a: stick out (single object) object) SekehkwÃ xà‡˙a. My big toe is sticking out. AmÃi gohzhÃ xàechi ha niw·?: Who wants to take the ball out? xàrÀ, hanÃ-le dÀ xàà: Expression emphasizing the Let’s take the kicker out. identity of someone T¯ehtöoÕ xàtsöiichi. Nax‡ xàrÀ kÎ godiÃt¯öÀ. We painted the house xàyeede, hanÃ-le dÀ kàyeede: pour (it) out, spill (it) ourselves. out, empty (it) of liquid T·chöiÃ xà‡de. Pour out the garbage pail. xàt‡m·eda, hanÃ-le dÀ xàt·m·eda: run out (one person) xàyeehdÀ, hanÃ-le dÀ kàyeehdÀ: throw out (plural objects) xàtöa, hanÃ-le dÀ kàtöa: fly out TöasÃi hazh·Î xàehdÀ. She’s throwing everything Xàtöa ha niw·. He wants to fly out. out. xàtöà, hanÃ-le dÀ kàtöà: be taken out (chunky object), DàanÃgh· xàyeÀhde?: Why did she throw them be removed (chunky object) out? WeghÕÕ xàtöà ha. His tooth is going to be cut out removed. xàyeehtöà, hanÃ-le dÀ kàyeehtöà: Beh seghà‡chi ha n‡dÀ köi xàehtöà ha. If you’ll give SeghÕÕ xàetö·. My tooth was removed. me your knife, I’ll cut out some birch bark. xàt¯a, hanÃ-le dÀ kàt¯a: go out (one or two people), take out (plateful), leave (one or two people) xàyeeka, hanÃ-le dÀ kàyeeka: scoop out xàtsöet¯a kwe: before someone goes out Tiiwo wetsöÎ xà‡ka. Take the soup out to him. xàt¯öàdeewÃ, hanÃ-le dÀ kàt¯öàdeewÃ: stagger out wetöà ¯iwe xàtsöeekaa: fish scoop xàts‡deÀwÕ: out of joint, dislocated xàyeetÍ, hanÃ-le dÀ kàyeetÍ: take out (rigid object) xàwhehte: have (plural animate objects), possess XehkÎ gotsö· tso ‡¯À xà‡tÍ. Take out one piece of (plural animate objects), own (plural animate objects) wood from the shed. T¯‡ xàwh‡hte nÃ?: Do you have dogs? xàyeetöà, hanÃ-le dÀ kàyeetöà: cut out xàwheht‡: have (single animate object), possess ˘eh xàehtöà. I’m cutting out a parka. (single animate object), own (single animate object) SekwÃghà h·töÃi xàg‡‡töa. They cut all my hair. Sezha t¯‡ ‡¯À xàwheht‡. My son owns one dog. xàyeetsi, hanÃ-le dÀ kàyeechi: take out (single xàyàwhe˙a, hanÃ-le dÀ kàyàwhe˙a: stick out (plural object) objects) AmÃi gohzÃ xàetsi ha niw·?: Who wants to take the WekekwöÎfi xàyàwhe˙a, welibàà nà‡zàa töà. His ball out? toes are sticking out because his socks are worn T¯ehtöoÕ xàtsöiitsi. Let’s take the kicker out. out. xàyege, hanÃ-le dÀ kàyege: shovel out, dig out xàye˙à, hanÃ-le dÀ kàye˙à: take out (chunky object), Zhah xàge. He is shovelling snow. remove (chunky object) xàyehchi, hanÃ-le dÀ kàyehchi: take out (cloth object) YeghÕÕ xà‡˙·. He removed her tooth. xàyehde, hanÃ-le dÀ kàyehde: bite, pinch xàyede, hanÃ-le dÀ kàyede: screw (it) out X·tsaa esadi-le ÀtöiÃ, ededÀ gÎÎ xà‡hdo. Suddenly, Godeh xànede. Screw out the screws. without saying anything, he bit his sister’s arm.

120 xàyehdlà, hanÃ-le dÀ kàyehdlà: pull out xÀgoÀhtöÍ, hanÃ-le dÀ kÀgoÀhtöÍ: be seen, be visible, Dech‡tÀwÕ xà‡hdla. He pulled out the rug. come into focus Gombaa xÀgoÀhtöÍ. The first light of day appears. xàyehtà, hanÃ-le dÀ kàyehtà: take footwear off (him/her) xÀh: darkness Ke xàsehtà. He’s taking my shoes off me. xÀh nàtsoo: deep darkness, grief Ke xàs‡‡hta. He took my shoes off me. xÀhtsöÎ: evening, night xàyehtÀ, hanÃ-le dÀ kàyehtÀ: take out (animate object), undress (him/her) xÀhtsöÎ agodaade: becoming evening Gohtö· yÃi xàyehtÀ. He is undressing him. xÀhtsöÎ gokÀ: bedroom slippers xàyehtsi, hanÃ-le dÀ kàyehtsi: push out xÀhyi, hanÃ-le dÀ xÀhzhi: deep darkness Xày‡htso. He pushed him out. x‡, hanÃ-le dÀ gox‡, k‡: us xàyehtsi, hanÃ-le dÀ kàyehchi: take out (cloth object) x‡Í, hanÃ-le dÀ x‡ne: raft xàyehwhe, hanÃ-le dÀ kàyehwhe: cut, slice BÕ xàhwhe. He is slicing the meat. xo, hanÃ-le dÀ xoo, xoye: year, winter tai xo: three years xàyehxe, hanÃ-le dÀ kàyehxe: take out (heavy Dàt¯· weghoÕ?: How old is he? container) xo gh·˙eÀ: winter coat xàyele, hanÃ-le dÀ kàyele: take out (plural objects) xo tani: midwinter xàyetsöÕ, hanÃ-le dÀ kàyetsöÕ: scratch MÕlanÎdaà yenÃ xà‡tsöÕ. A cat scratched her face. xoch‡Í: root xàyewa, hanÃ-le dÀ kàyewa: take out (many things), xoetö‡, hanÃ-le dÀ x·etö‡: be married unload (many things) xoh: root GotsÀ xàiwa. I took out the nails. ¤mbÀ köe n‡dÀ xoh ¯· dehshe. When it’s summer Elà yÃi xà˙etsöewa ha. We are going to unload the lots of roots grow. boat. xoköe: wintertime xe: boil (noun), pus xonÍda, hanÃ-le dÀ x·nÍda: marry xeh: pack, parcel, bundle Sach· dÀ xonÍda ha. He is getting married xehkÎ: warehouse, shed tomorrow. XonÃehda ha. I’m going to get married. xen‡‡d‡: reflect, shine Weköe sadeÀ xen‡‡d‡. The sun is shining on it. Xotendà, hanÃ-le dÀ HoteÀdà: Inuit, Eskimo xÀ: and, with xotendà kÀ, hanÃ-le dÀ hoteÀdà kÀ: mukluks -xÀet¯·: every, every so many xotendà libàà, hanÃ-le dÀ hoteÀdà libàà: mukluks edaÀkö· xÀet¯·: every spring xots‡Í: root d· nàke xÀet¯·: every second person xoye, hanÃ-le dÀ xo, xoo: year, winter Nàke sadzeÀ xÀet¯· nahotsöeezhÃ. Every two hours It is three years we take a breather/we rest. Seàg‡fi x·nÍja gotsö· dii tai xoye. since my friend got married. xÀgoatö‡, hanÃ-le dÀ xÀgaatö‡, kÀgaatö‡: be seen, be be married understood, be visible x·etö‡, hanÃ-le dÀ xoetö‡: Eded‡ ch‡ x·etö‡. She too is married. Segha xÀgaatö‡-le. I don’t understand./I can’t see. Yahti dfl x·getö‡. They are married common-law. Ehts‡ wegha xÀgaatö‡. Granny can see. x·naÃt¯a: go back again, backtrack LadlÃ dflnadÃ töà, x·naÃt¯a. Because he forgot the keys, he’s backtracking. 121 x·nÃda, hanÃ-le dÀ xonÃda: marry (one person) yaatsi: be taken along, be carried along Sem· sedÀ whaà-le ÀtöiÃ x·nÃda ha y‡‡hwh·. My T¯‡ yaatsi. He is traveling by dogteam. mom wants my younger sister to get married soon. Joe hadi, Sats· ho‡z‡ n‡dÀ, DlÕodia tsöÎ t¯‡ saatsi X·nÍja. He got married. ha. Joe said: “If it is nice tomorrow, the dogs will take me to Dlondia.” x·nÃgidÀ, hanÃ-le dÀ xonÃgidÀ: marry (plural people) Taati köe d· eköÀd‡ x·nÃg‡‡de. At Christmas eight yaazea: some, little, little bit people got married. yaazea nawhehtso: be damp, be slightly wet x·nÃgiitöa, hanÃ-le dÀ xonÃgiitöa: marry (two people) yaazeh, hanÃ-le dÀ yaàzeh: my oh my, my goodness, They got married. X·nÃg‡‡töa. wow! x·ÎdeedÀ: confess sins yaaz·fi, hanÃ-le dÀ yààz·fi: scoter, blackduck x·tsaa, hanÃ-le dÀ x·tsoa, h·tsaa: suddenly yabahtÃ, hanÃ-le dÀ yambahtÃ: sea, ocean xÕ, hanÃ-le dÀ hÕ, kÕ: although, even though yachfi: stretch of clear sky just above the horizon ¤mbÀ köe xÕ to n‡dÀ gÕköÕ agotöÍ. Even though it’s summer, it gets chilly at night. yaehköÀ: grasshopper xÕech‡Í: snare support-stick yaehköÀa: grasshopper xÕets‡Í: snare support-stick yaÀhköÀ: shoot up, pop up xÕo, hanÃ-le dÀ xÕe: snare yaÀka: jump, skip XatöÎ n‡dÀ gah ha xÕo ¯· datsöet¯ö‡. When it’s fall- yaÀze: call out, scream time we set lots of snares for rabbits. yah˙ÎÎ: there, over there xÕtöa, hanÃ-le dÀ hÕtöa, kÕtöa: already, ready, completed yahnÀe: back then XÕtöa shÀeht‡. I’ve already eaten. YahnÀe kanÃ-le. Back then it wasn’t like that. xÎta, hanÃ-le dÀ kÎta: around town, somewhere yahti: priest, Father (religious) XÎta köet¯o. He is walking around town. yahti: pray, speak, preach Yagehti. They are praying. yahti dfl x·getö‡, hanÃ-le dÀ yahti dfl xogetö‡: live common-law, be married common-law yahti en‡ht¯öÀ, hanÃ-le dÀ wetöà yatsöehtii en‡ht¯öÀÀ: T¯‡ch· kãÈÈ prayer book yahti gha s·Îmba nÃtsöeelee: collection at church yahti köàowo: Father Superior y yahti töÎ dÀhkwöee: deacons ya: sky, heaven yahtideÀ, hanÃ-le dÀ yahtindeÀ: bishop yaachi: be taken along, be carried along YahtideÀ KÎ: Fort Providence (old word) T¯‡ yaachi. He is travelling by dogteam. YahtikÎ: Fort Providence Joe hadi, Sach· ho‡z‡ n‡dÀ, DlÕondia tsöÎ t¯‡ saachi ha. Joe said, “If it is nice tomorrow, the yahtikÎ: church, mission, priests’ house dogs will take me to Dlondia.” yahtikÎ go‡chà-lea: chapel yaagocho: caribou, second largest male yahtikÎ go‡tsà-lea: chapel yaagotso: caribou, second largest male Yahtità: Pope 122 yaköàhdea: snowfly yànechà: be big (many things), be huge Dii t¯‡ yànechà. These dogs are big. yaköe: heaven yànetsà: be big (many things), be huge yaköe gotö‡Í, hanÃ-le dÀ yaköeetö‡Í: angel Dii t¯‡ yànetsà. These dogs are big. yaköe gotö‡Í goköÀdÃi, hanÃ-le dÀ yaköeetö‡Í goköÀdÃi: be good (many things) guardian angel yànez‡: yàregoo: be white (many things) yaköe gotö‡Í gh· köàowo: archangel Dech‡ yàregoo. The sticks are white. yaköeetö‡Í: angel yàyetÎ, hanÃ-le dÀ yàyitÎ: hold, hang on to yaköeetöÍfi: angel Seàg‡fi, bebÃa whet‡ wech· yàyetÎ. My friend held yal·hbàà, hanÃ-le dÀ yÀlambàà: flag the baby in its sleep. SetÃa yàsitÎ. My little daughter is hanging on to me. yati: word, speech, prayer, language, advice goyatiÃ: our language yàz·: clear sky, blue sky Yati yeghà‡˙·. He gave him advice. Yàz· n‡dÀ edza. If there is a clear sky it is cold. yati Ãhchi: listen to advice, heed yàz· et¯a: clouds clearing away SeyatiÃ Íhchi. Listen to my words. Yàz· Àht¯a. The clouds cleared away. NeyatiÃ ÃhchÃ. I heeded your words. ye˙à: eat yati ÃhchÃi d·Î: linguist, reporter AyÃi ne˙à?: What are you eating? Chekoa bÕ niÍchÃ hÕ y‡‡˙à-le. The boy took the meat yati Ãhtsi: listen to advice, heed but he didn’t eat it. SeyatiÃ Íhtsi. Listen to my words. NeyatiÃ ÃhtsÃ. I heeded your words. ye˙Í: see, meet, visit ¤xÈfl weeh˙‡. Yesterday I saw her. yati ÃhtsÃi d·Î: linguist, reporter Sew‡˙Í n·Î sÀhdi. He told me to visit him. yati köàodÀe d·Î: linguist, reporter yebo: stretch on a frame yati nàtsoo: scolding, admonishment, exhortation Weàgifi ‡¯À ewÕ whebo. Her friend stretched one hide. yati nàtsoo tsöehts‡‡: oath yechöa˙ehdÃ, hanÃ-le dÀ yechöaehdÃ: press against yatöa: sky EnÃ‡t· köe chöa˙ehdÃ. She presses against the door. yatö·hda: swallow (bird) yechöaehtöi: knock against yatsfi: stretch of clear sky just above the horizon EnÃ‡t· köe chöaehtöi. He is knocking on the door. yayiihoh¯Àe: high-rise building, skyscraper yechöaehtsi: nudge Yechöaehtsi ha. He will nudge him. yà˙ehka: jump up and down Sechöa‡htso. He nudged me. yàÀdi, hanÃ-le dÀ yàrÀdi: sing (small animals), make bump against sounds (small animals) yechöaet¯a: Sechö··t¯a. He bumped against me. Tsöali yàÀdi. The frogs are making sounds. yechöagÕehge: elbow (him/her/it) yàg‡‡l‡: be (many people) YechöagÕ‡hgÀ. He elbowed him. yàgÕla: be (many areas) yechöàej‡: fear, be scared of, be afraid of yàhodzii: bad weather Wechöàehj‡. I am scared of it. yàhoh¯À: be built (many things) yechöàniw·: be mad at, be upset with, be angry at, KÎ yàhoh¯À. Many houses are being built. give silent treatment to, ignore, be unfriendly towards yàhojii: bad weather 123 yeda naÀh˙‡: wait for yedeÀhtsÀ: nail down Johnny dahmÕ deÀhtsÀ ha. Johnny is going to nail yeda natie˙à: give a message to down the roof. ZezÃ da natig‡‡˙·. They sent a message to Jesus. Yed‡ÍhtsÕ. He nailed it down. yedaà hayele: do in front of, show (him/her) yedfledl‡, hanÃ-le dÀ yedeedl‡: be without, lack Done godaà hayÍlà. He showed it to the people. AsÃi wedflnedl‡ n‡dÀ, naxitsöÎ kan‡di. If there’s yedaeda: weigh anything you are lacking, tell us. Negha gotsÀ dageÀhda nÃ?: Did they weigh the eat (plural things), take (medicine) nails for you? yedÀ: Sah jÃe gedÀ. Bears eat berries. yedaehge: close by twisting, shut off by twisting Done ¯· giköà eya dÀ, nàÀdi gedÀ. Lots of people Ti da‡hge. Shut off the water. take medicine when their throats are sore. Bobby yedaehge ha. Bobby is going to shut it off. JÃa ehdÀ. I’m eating raisins. yedaÀchi: cover (it) yed·: drink Wedaehchi ha. I’m going to cover it. AyÃi ahd· ha?: What are you people going to yedaÀtöÀ: be stronger than drink? LidÃ tsöidÎ. Let’s drink tea. yedaÀtsi: cover (it) Wedaehtsi ha. I’m going to cover it. yedzÀ: caulk Whaà, töeeko edem· gha dzÀh köagee˙à ‡lÀ, yeda‡˙·: closed, shut off wem· yetöà elà edzÀ ha. Long ago, girls chewed Yeda‡˙·. She closed it. gum for their moms, so their moms could caulk the yedanÃi˙·: put up a stake in gambling canoe with it. yedanÍ˙à: send yedzÃi˙à, hanÃ-le dÀ yedzi˙à: bite up, maul Xeh sedanÃ‡˙·. He sent me a package. T¯‡ sedzÃg‡‡˙à. The dogs bit me up. Dàwhaà t¯‡ yedzÃ‡h˙à gedi?: How long ago did the open (it) yedaxàetöà, hanÃ-le dÀ yedakàetöà: dog maul him, did they say? SatsÎt· wedaxàtsöeetöàa netsö· nÃ?: Do you have a can opener? yedzÃihxà, hanÃ-le dÀ yedziehxà: beat up T¯‡ nez‡-le töà, done yedzÃ‡hxà. The man beat the Holy Spirit Yedài Nez‡‡: dog because it was bad. YedàÃyeh Nez‡‡: Holy Spirit yee: over there yedeedi: wipe (large object) Yee kÎfi gÕ˙·. There is a shack over there. Dech‡tÀ deedi. He wipes the floor. yee˙Í: steal Setà yede‡dÃ. My father wiped it. S·Îmba dÀ˙‡. He stole money. yedeetsi: let go of, release yeech‡Í: log used for scraping hides on Wed‡‡tsi-le!: Don’t let go of it! Yede‡tso. He let go of her. yeedzÃi, hanÃ-le dÀ yeodzÃi: corner yedeetsi: wipe (small object) yeehdz‡: scare, frighten Dech‡tÀ de‡tso. He wiped the floor. GiihdzÍ dehwh·. I want to scare them. yedeezi: chase yeehj‡: scare, frighten D· nàhtsÍ‡ d·Î yedeÀzÃ. The policeman chased GiihjÍ dehwh·. I want to scare them. him. yeehnÀ: win yedeezhi: chase Dii xÀhtsöÎ dehn·-le dÀ, sach· bingo tsöÎ nàht¯a D· nàhtsÍ‡ d·Î yedeÀzhÃ. The policeman chased ha-le. If I don’t win tonight, I’m not going to go to him. the bingo tomorrow.

124 yeehse: raise (a child), bring up (a child), grow yeÀhkwö·: hear (plants), cultivate (plants) ¤xÈﬂ sechi edechia tsöÎ gode weÀhkwö·. SetÃ yeehse ha. My daughter is going to raise him. Yesterday I heard my younger brother talking to his S‡ sÃi ehts‡ seÀhs·. Me, Granny raised me. little brother. S‡Íhkwö· nÃ?: Do you hear me? yeehsÃ: throw at (with small objects), pelt (with small objects) yeÀkwöo, hanÃ-le dÀ yiÃkwöo: understand, listen Kwe töà yeehsÃ. He is throwing rocks at it. S‡Íkwöo nÃ?: Do you understand me? yeehshe: raise (a child), bring up (a child), grow yego: stab, poke, prick, inject, vaccinate (plants), cultivate (plants) Beh töà yego ha. He is going to stab him with a SetÃ yeehshe ha. My daughter is going to raise knife. him. NàÀdi köÀezh·· sÀhgo. The doctor gave me an S‡ sÃi ehts‡ seÀhsh·. Me, Granny raised me. injection. yeehshÃ: throw at (with small objects), pelt (with small yegÕh˙à: find, discover objects) WegÕh˙à ha dÃÀ. I can’t find it. Kwe töà yeehshÃ. He is throwing rocks at it. YegÕÍh˙·. He found him. yeehtöÃ: pull yegha eet¯öÀ: give credit to, write for (him/her) KwiköÃizeÀ dehtöi. I pulled the trigger. yegha ehkwöi ayele: make corrections for yeehtsÀ: throw pointed object yegha˙edÃ: miss (him) in the hand game yeehtsÕ: ring (bells) Segha˙edÃ. They missed me in the hand game. T¯‡ÍlÃa n‡htsÕ. Ring the bell. yegha˙edlÕ, hanÃ-le dÀ yeghaedlÕ: laugh at yeehxà: hit with a stick, beat on Segha˙‡dlÕ-le. Don’t laugh at me. Dech‡tÀwÕ tsöiihxà. Let’s beat the carpet. yeghaede, hanÃ-le dÀ yewaede: like (plural actors), He is drumming. Eye eehxà. hunger for (plural actors), like to do (plural actors), He bats the ball. GohzhÃ eehxà. have the habit of (plural actors), love (plural actors) yeekÀ: ask for, propose for marriage D· ¯· yeghaede. Lots of people like her. KÎ neehkÀ ha. I’m going to ask you for a house. BÕ ghatsöeede. We like meat. Etaahti ha segeekÀ. They ask me to interpret. yeghaehköÀ: miss in shooting TsöÀko eekÀ. He asks for a woman (to marry her). KwiköÃi edÀge, kanÃkÕ yegha‡hköÀ. He aimed the yeelÃ: pull gun, but he missed. MÍ t· köe tsöÎ yeelÃ. He is pulling the net onto the yeghaet¯a: meet up with ice. yeghaew‡, hanÃ-le dÀ yeghaewi, waew‡, ew‡: like, log used for scraping hides on yeets‡Í: hunger for, like to do, have the habit of, love yeÀ: there, that way, over there BÕg·Î ghaew‡. He loves drymeat. Hazh·Î yeÀ daàhkwöe. Everybody, sit over there. Chekoa eedlà ghaew‡. She likes to yell at the kids. BÕ waehwhi. I’m hungry. yeÀ ‡t¯e: go away!, get lost! yeghah: lace (it), weave yeÀhdzà: try, test Tsö·Îko edezha gha ˙ah eghah. The old lady is WexÀ x·nÃ‡da ha wenÍ‡hdzà. Try to marry her. lacing snowshoes for her son. YenÍ‡hdzà kÕ whÍÍ ayÍlà. He tried but failed. wetöà ˙ah tsöeghaa: needle for snowshoes yeÀhkö·: burn (it), keep burning (it), light up, switch on light T¯eÀköÎ· yeÀhkö·. He lights the kerosene lamp.

125 yeghà˙eedi: give food, feed yeghàyeetsi: hand (single object) SÃga wÀhdaà sà‡di. Give me some sugar. Beh seghànflfltsÃ n‡dÀ köi xàehtöà ha. If you hand NetsöÀke ti neghà‡dÃ dÀ, libÕ yÃi kö‡‡töÍ-le. When me the knife, I’ll cut some birch bark. your wife gives you water, don’t look in the cup. yeghàyehchi: give (cloth object) yeghàeda, hanÃ-le dÀ yeghàenda: look at, watch Eyi tÀ setà toyati köe goghày‡‡hchÃ. That rug my (verb) father gave them for Christmas. Eyi tsöÀko seghàeda. That woman is looking at me. yeghàyehtÀ: give (animate object) EhtsÀe ˙ah ehts‡ ghàgeeda. They are watching Seàgifi webebÃa goghà‡ht‡. My friend gave up her grandfather making snowshoes. baby (in adoption). TV to ghàà weghàidà. I watched TV all night. yeghàyehtsi: give (cloth object) yeghàgoehsà: tie up Eyi tÀ setà toyati köe goghày‡‡htsÃ. That rug my We tied him up in Whet‡ wets· weghàgotsöeÀhsà. father gave them for Christmas. his sleep. yeghàyehxe: hand (heavy object) yeghàgoehshà: tie up T· seghà‡hxe. Hand me the bucket. Whet‡ wech· weghàgotsöeÀhshà. We tied him up in his sleep. yeghàyeka: hand (plateful) yeghàhoeli: marvel at, be amazed by, be shocked at yeghàyele: give (plural objects) Weghàhotsöeeli. We are amazed at him. yeghàyetÍ: give (rigid object) yeghàhÕ˙à: give the job of, give the authority to, give John edekwiköÃÃ zh·· seghà‡t·. John gave me his a chance to, authorize old gun. NÎhts‡ ZezÃ d· köaàtöÃi ayele ha yeghàho‡˙·. God yeghàyewa: give (many things) had given Jesus power to heal people. yegho: scrape (hide) yeghàs·edi: praise, worship DedÃiwÕ wehxo niw·. She wants to scrape the yeghàtaedi: wring out by hand moose hide. Gohtö· ghà‡di. Wring out the clothes. EwÕ g‡‡gho. They scraped the hide. yeghàtaege: wring out using an instrument yeghoh: shake out (cloth object) EwÕ ghàta‡ge. Wring out the hide. TÀ neghoh. Shake the mat. wetöà gohtö· ghàtatsöeegee: hand-wringer for yegh· dlÕniw·: be amused about, be smiling about, washing machine be happy about yeghàtaetsi: wring out, squeeze yegh· enÀdz·: be ashamed of, be embarrassed by yeghàtsÍedi: worship yegh· enÀj·: be ashamed of, be embarrassed by WeghàtsÍehdi. I worship him. YeghàtsÍn‡‡dÃ. She worshipped him. yegh· en·töe, hanÃ-le dÀ yegh· n·töe: finish, quit Gigh· en·töe. They have finished it. yeghàye˙ah: hand (cloth object) Se˙eÀ seghàn‡˙ah. Pass me my jacket. yegh· ÀÀzael‡, hanÃ-le dÀ yegh· ÍÍzhael‡: be embarrassed about, be ashamed of yeghàye˙à: give (chunky object) Yati yeghà‡˙·. She gave him a word/warning. yegh· ÀÀzhael‡, hanÃ-le dÀ yegh· ÍÍzhael‡: be embarrassed about, be ashamed of yeghàyeechi: hand (single object) Beh seghànflflchÃ n‡dÀ köi xàehtöà ha. If you hand yegh· hÕtöa masÃ niw·: be content with, be satisfied me the knife, I’ll cut some birch bark. with yegh· naxoele, hanÃ-le dÀ yegh· nahoele: forgive Wegh· naxotsöeele. We forgive her. Yegh· naxon‡la. He forgave him. 126 yegh· nàniwo: think about, worry about, be yegh·yeele: give back (plural objects), repay concerned about Negh·eh¯e ha. I will repay you. S‡ sÃi goyatiÃ gh· nànihwho h·töe. I’m concerned yegh·yeetÍ: give back (rigid object) about our language. yegh·yeetsi: give back (single object), repay yegh· nàxoe˙à: fool (him/her), trick (him/her), lie to TatsÎ sÃi d· gogh· nàxoe˙à: Raven was tricking yegh·yeewa: give back (many things) the people. yegh·yehchi: give back (cloth object) Negh· nàhoÀ˙·. He fooled you. yegh·yehtÀ: give back (animate object) yegh·niÀt·: love, appreciate, value, be stingy with, protect, treasure (him/her/it) yegh·yehtsi: give back (cloth object) Wezha hazh·Î sÃi gigh·niÀt·. All her children love yeh˙a: order (him/her), hire her. Y‡˙Î done s‡‡höà n‡dÀ niw·. That fellow hopes to Tso gh·niÀt·. He is stingy with wood. hire me. Eg· chöà yegh·niÀt·. She protects it from drying order for, send for out. yehaehti, hanÃ-le dÀ yekaehti: weköe asÃi hatsöeehtii en‡ht¯öÀÀ: catalogue yegh·nÃye˙à: lend (chunky object) yehbe: boil (it) SatsÎ be¯exàa segh·nÃ‡˙à. Lend me pliers. ˜iwe tsöehbe. We are boiling fish. yegh·nÃyeetÍ: lend (rigid object) yehche: cook by stewing, stew (it) EkÃi nebehch‡Í segh·nÃ‡tÍ, wetöà köehkÕ ha. Just I cooked some rice. lend me your car so I can drive around with it. GÕa wÎhdaà whihchà. yehchöi: pluck fowl yegh·nÃyehchi: lend (cloth object) Detö· nehchöi. Pluck a duck. Nen‡hbàà segh·nÃ‡hchi. Lend me your tent. yehdzÃ: catch with hook, hook (it) yegh·nÃyehtÀ: lend (animate object) ˜iwez·fi whihdzÃ. I hooked a little trout. T¯‡ yegh·nÃ‡ht‡. He lent him the dog. yehg·: dry (it) yegh·nÃyehtÍ: lend (container) Tit·Î segh·nÃ‡htÍ. Lend me a waterpail. yehjÃ: catch with hook, hook (it) ˜iwez·fi whihjÃ. I hooked a little trout. yegh·nÃyehtsi: lend (cloth object) Nen‡hbàà segh·nÃ‡htsi. Lend me your tent. yehköÀ: shoot YehköÀ ha. He is going to shoot it. yegh·nÃyele: lend (plural objects) DendÃi whehköÀ. He shot a moose. Sem· ewÕhke segh·nÃ‡la. My mom lent me some After they hide slippers. HozÃi köe nÃg‡‡˙e t¯öàx··, ekwÎ g‡‡hköÀ. arrived in the barrenlands, they shot caribou. yegh·s·edi: praise yehoehdi, hanÃ-le dÀ yexoehdi: guard (him/her/it), Wegh·s·tsöeedi. We praise him. look after, watch over, observe, be careful with yegh·yae˙à: cheat, lie to Ekwö·Î honeehdi. Watch for bones. Yegh·yaÀh˙·. He cheated him. yehsÕ: blow on Segh·yae˙à. He tells me lies. EköaÀkö· nehsÕ-le. Don’t blow on the candle. yegh·ye˙ah: give back (cloth object) yehshÕ: blow on yegh·yee˙à: give back (chunky object) EköaÀkö· nehshÕ-le. Don’t blow on the candle. yegh·yeechi: give back (single object), repay yehtà: shoot with bow and arrow yegh·yeehxe: give back (heavy object) GiehtÕ töe, köÍ töà. They almost shot him, with arrows. yegh·yeeka: give back (plateful) 127 yehtà: count yeköaàwo: fight (him/her), bother ˜iwe nehtà. Count the fish. DàanÃgh· weköaneewo n·Î?: Why were you fighting him? yehtÃ: stir, mix wetöà asÃi tsöehtÃi: handmixer yeköadaedÀ: tease (plural actors), bother with verbal En‡ht¯öÀtÃ ehtÃ. He is stirring the paint. action (plural actors), pester (plural actors), criticize (plural actors) yehtöÀ: cook (it), bake (it), fry (it) GiköadatsöeedÀ. We’re teasing them. SetÃ yehtöÀ ha. My daughter is going to cook it. yeköadaewo: tease (single actor), bother with verbal yehtöÃ: pull action (single actor), pester (single actor), criticize yehtse: cook by stewing, stew (it) (single actor) GÕa wÎhdaà whihtsà. I cooked some rice. DàanÃgh· seköada‡wo?: Why are you pestering me? Don’t criticize him yehts‡: make, fabricate Wenaàht· weköada‡wo-le. behind his back. Lori lidÃ ehts‡ ha. Lori is going to make tea. AmÃi yÀhts‡?: Who made it? yeköaeta, hanÃ-le dÀ yeköaehta: check over, examine When yehts·: scent (verb), smell (verb), sniff (verb) KÎ nàtso n‡dÀ sÃghfiwfiË ¯ÀtöÀ weköatsöeeta. the fire is strong, we check on the bannock from T¯‡ ekwÎtsÍ ehts·. The dog scents caribou. time to time. yehtsöi: pluck fowl NàÀdi köÀezh· Naomi köaÀht·. The doctor Detö· nehtsöi. Pluck a duck. examined Naomi. yehwhe: tan (it), soften yeköaÀ˙‡: imitate, copy, mimic Töeeko tsàwÕ ¯· ‡hwh·. The young woman tanned a lot of pelts. yeköalaedÀ: bother (plural actors), fight (plural actors), work on (plural actors), handle (plural actors) yeÃzÃi: name (it), pronounce Kwöih yeköalaedÀ. The mosquitoes are bothering N‡zÃ ÃhsÃi ha dÃÀ. I can’t pronounce your name. her. yeka gode: call for, ask for Done nàke e¯eköalageedÀ weghàidà. I saw two Neka gode. She is asking for you. people fighting with each other. yeka köeetöÍ, hanÃ-le dÀ yexa keetöÍ: look around for yeköalaewo: bother (single actor), fight (single actor), work on (single actor), handle (single actor) yeka whet‡: lie on top of, have intercourse with NedÀ weköala‡wo-le. Don’t bother your little sister. yekaehti, hanÃ-le dÀ yehaehti: order (it) Ke ehts‡ köalaehwho. I’m working on making weköe asÃi katsöeehtiie n‡ht¯öÀÀ: catalogue slippers. AsÍÍ en‡ht¯öÀ köala‡wo?: Are you handling the look for, hunt yekaniw·, hanÃ-le dÀ yexaniw·: paperwork? YegÕh˙à gotsöÎ yekaniw· ha. He is going to look for it until he finds it. yeköa¯egolÃ: taste (it) ˜iköÀ n‡dÀ done ¯· dz· kag‡‡w·. In spring, lots of Weköa¯egoh¯Ã. I taste it. people hunt muskrat. ˜ÀtöÀ köa¯eg··lÃ. Taste the bannock. yekàeta, hanÃ-le dÀ yexàeta: look for, search out yeköe ade: press against, push Yeköe atö‡. He is pressing against it. yekàÀh˙à: send for Weköe ahjà. I pressed against it. yekàt¯a: go to get (one person), go for (one person) yeköe det¯a: go onto, run over in a vehicle, land on JÃe kàht¯a ha. I’m going to go for berries. John webehch‡Í yeköe dÀht¯a. John’s car ran over I went for berries. JÃe kàwheht¯a. him. yekeÃt¯a: climb (one person) En‡ht¯öÀköetöaa yeköe det¯a ha. The plane is going to Dech‡ keÃt¯a. He climbed the tree. land on it.

128 yeköe nàyahti: take (his/her) side, side with yeköenaehtse, hanÃ-le dÀ yeköena˙ehtse: wash, AyÃi gh· weköe nàyanehti?: Why are you siding bathe with him? Kwöàcho yÃi gohtö· köenaehtse. She washes the clothes in the tub. yeköe nÃdahoÀ˙à: blame Hazh·Î seköe nÃdahoÀ˙à. He blames everything yeköenÃÃdi: press down on on me. Dech‡ köenÃÃdi ha. He is going to press down on the Yeköe nÃdahoÀ˙·. He blamed him. stick. yeköe nÃye˙ah: cover with cloth object, put clothing yeköetöietsöÕ: scratch the surface of on, dress (him/her/it) yeköeyahti: read Put the blanket on me. TsöÕ seköe nÃ‡˙ah. Segha weköeyanehti. Read it for me. cover with cloth objects yeköe nÃyele: yeköÀdÃ, hanÃ-le dÀ yeköÀndÃ: keep, save, drive (a TsöÕ ¯· weköe nÃah¯e. Put lots of blankets on him. car), look after yeköe˙eedi: help, using medicine power Sem· eköa köÀdÃ, t¯e yetöà ehts‡ ha. My mother is Weköe˙‡‡di. Help him (using medicine power). keeping the fat, to make lard from it. Seköe˙‡‡dÃ. He helped me (using medicine power). Sechi seda chekoa goköÀdÃ. My younger brother looks after the kids for me. yeköe˙ezÃ, hanÃ-le dÀ yeköeezhÃ: break (it) EnÃ‡t· köe˙ezÃ. He is breaking the door. yeköÀez·, hanÃ-le dÀ yeköÀÀzh·: know, realize Yeköe˙‡zÃ. He broke it. Eyi la sÃi weköÀehs· ha dehwh·. I want to know that work. yeköe˙ezhÃ, hanÃ-le dÀ yeköeezhÃ: break (it) SegogÍhö· sÃi yeköÀÀz·-le. He doesn’t know that EnÃ‡t· köe˙ezhÃ. He is breaking the door. they found me. Yeköe˙‡zhÃ. He broke it. yeköÀezh·, hanÃ-le dÀ yeköÀÀzh·: know, realize yeköe˙‡‡tso: broke (it) Eyi la sÃi weköÀehsh· ha dehwh·. I want to know Sezha ladlÃ köe˙‡‡tso. My son broke the key. that work. yeköedaedi: speak up for, defend SegogÍhö· sÃi yeköÀÀzh·-le. He doesn’t know that AmÃi seköedaedi ha?: Who is going to defend me? they found me. yeköee˙à: iron (it) yeköÀÀ et¯a: follow (one or two actors), go after (one Kwö·h˙eh kö‡‡˙à. Iron the shirt. or two actors), walk behind (one or two actors) He is walking behind Joe. yeköeehköÎ: burn Joe köÀÀ et¯e. He followed me. BÕ köew‡‡hköÎ-le. Don’t burn the meat. SeköÀÀ Àht¯a. follow yeköeeht¯öÃ: pour on yeköÀÀ köet¯o: Ti yeköeeht¯öÃ. He’s pouring water on it. yeköÀÀ ·töe, hanÃ-le dÀ yeköÀ‡töe, yeköÃ‡töe: obey, heed Ti giköeÀt¯öi. They poured water on it. Eded‡ xàrÀ netsöÎ go‡de kÕ, weköÀÀ anetöe-le Although he spoke to you himself, you are not yeköeel‡: regret, be sorry about, grieve over, be sad n·. about obeying him. know, realize yeköeetÍ: sweep yeköÀhoez·, hanÃ-le dÀ yeköÀhoÀzh·: I realized Dech‡tÀ köetsöeetÍ. We are sweeping the floor. S·Îmba ¯· köehoewi n·Î weköÀhoehzà. that it took a lot of money. yeköeetöà: cut off know, realize YekwÃghà kö‡‡töa. He cut her hair off. yeköÀhoezh·, hanÃ-le dÀ yeköÀhoÀzh·: S·Îmba ¯· köehoewi n·Î weköÀhoehzhà. I realized yeköego˙à: chew on, peck at that it took a lot of money. Ekwö·Î köegoh˙à. I’m chewing on a bone. yeköehoehwhi, hanÃ-le dÀ yeköehoohwhi: spend, use up BÕ hazh·Î weköehotsö‡‡hwho. We used up all the meat. 129 yeköÀ‡töe, hanÃ-le dÀ yeköÀÀ ·töe, yeköÃ‡töe: obey, heed yenÀÀl‡-le: dislike, hate Edem· köÀ‡töe. He obeys his mother. WenÀÀh¯‡-le. I hate him. Edezha köÃ‡töe. She caters to her son. WenÀwhile-le. I didn’t like him. yeköÀtsöedl‡: kiss yeniedÃ: understand, realize Edezha tsöÎ t‡m·Àzha, dayaachÃ gà yeköÀtsöadl‡. TöasÃi niedÃ. She understands things. He ran to his son and hugged him and kissed him. yenihwh·, hanÃ-le dÀ y‡‡hwh·: want, wish, think, yeköiÃhwhe, hanÃ-le dÀ yeköe˙Ãhwhe: cut up, butcher hope BÕ köiÃhwhe. He’s butchering the meat. WegÕtö· n‡dÀ wenehwh·. I hope he is found. Setà bÕ köe˙Íhwho. My father butchered the meat. Bob hazh·Î eyatsö‡‡l‡ gonihwh·. Bob thinks that we are all sick. yeköÃ‡töe, hanÃ-le dÀ yeköÀÀ ·töe, yeköÀ‡töe: obey, heed yeniw·: want, desire yekwÎ eya ayele: hurt (him/her), beat up Neehwh·. I desire you. Gohtö· yÃi xàg‡‡ht‡ gà wekwÎ eya agÍlà. They took off his clothes and beat him up. yenÃd·Î et¯e: meeting up with, coming towards yekwö·Î nÃtÍ, hanÃ-le dÀ yekwö·Î nÀtÍ: bury yenÃehdlà: yell at, burst ¤xÈfl wekwö·Î nÀg‡‡t·. They buried her bones WinÃehdla. I yelled at him. yesterday. Et¯öÕ nÃ‡hdla. He burst the gall bladder. yelàetÎ, hanÃ-le dÀ y‡làetÎ: shake hands with yenÃts·ehköÀ: pop (it) open, burst SelàetÎ. He is shaking my hand. WenÃts·‡hköÀ. Pop it open! Shake her hand! W‡là‡tÎ. yeodzÃi, hanÃ-le dÀ yeedzÃi: corner He shook her hand. Yelà‡tÎ. YeodzÃi wheneda. Sit in the corner. catch with a snare or net yelÃ: yeodzÃi tai tsöÎ gÎh¯‡‡: triangle ˜iwe dàt¯· whenelÃ?: How many fish did you catch? yerech‡Í, hanÃ-le dÀ yeech‡Í: log used for scraping Gah elÃ ha. He will catch a rabbit. hides on Gah nàke whelÃ. He caught two rabbits. yerets‡Í, hanÃ-le dÀ yeech‡Í: log used for scraping yenadÃ, hanÃ-le dÀ yenandÃ: remember, recall hides on ‹hdah tsö‡h¯À n‡dÀ, asÃi natsöendÃ-le atöÍ. When yeteechöÃ: crawl over one gets older, one forgets things. SenadÃ. He remembers me. yeteekÀ: drive over Behch‡Í n·gÀe teÀhke. The truck drove over a fox. yenadÃ-le, hanÃ-le dÀ yenandÃ-le: forget Eyitöà bus t‡li teÀhke. And so the bus drove off the DeköenÀeht¯öÀ, wenahdÃ-le chöà, kanÃkÕ ‡¯aà road. wenahdÃ-le. I write it down in case I forget it, but I still forget it. yeteet¯a: step over, walk over, go over Köàba teÀht¯a. He stepped over a ptarmigan. yenaetö‡: respect (verb), honour (verb) Behch‡Í t‡li teÀht¯a. A truck went over the road. D· naetö‡-le. She doesn’t respect people. yeteetsöÃ: crawl over yenagÕh˙à: find again WenagÕtsöÍ‡h˙·. We found him again. yetöà: cut yenÀÀl‡: like yetöàatö‡: use, wear d· e¯ad‡‡ nÀÀtsöel‡-le: be prejudiced SedÀ setsö· be¯exàa töàawehtöÍ di. My younger sister asked to use my scissors. ˘eh dez·· z· töàatö‡ wegha nez‡. He likes to wear only black clothes. yet¯öaàyee˙ah: hand over (cloth object), give (cloth object) 130 yet¯öaàyee˙à: hand over (chunky object), give yetsöàdÀ: visit (plural actors) (chunky object) NetsöàtsöedÀ ha. We are going to visit you. Harry t¯öaày‡‡˙·. She handed it over to Harry. yetsöàdi, hanÃ-le dÀ yetsöàndi: help, assist yet¯öaàyeechi: hand over (single object), give (single Gitsöànedi ha nflflw· nÃ?: Do you want to help object) them? yet¯öaàyeehxe: hand over (heavy object), give (heavy yetsöàedz‡: fear, be scared of, be afraid of object) Wetsöàehdz‡. I am scared of it. yet¯öaàyeeka: hand over (plateful), give (plateful) yetsöàniw·: be mad at, be upset with, be angry at, Yet¯öaày‡‡k·. He handed it to him. give silent treatment to, ignore, be unfriendly towards yet¯öaàyeele: hand over (plural objects), give (plural yetsöàt¯a: visit (single actor) objects) Dii xÀhtsöÎ wetsöàht¯a ha. I’m going to visit her Johnny gotsÀ Joe t¯öaàyeele. Johnny hands nails tonight. over to Joe. yetsöÃ: comb (it) yet¯öaàyeetsi: hand over (single object), give (single NekwÃghà netsöÃ. Comb your hair! object) yetsöÍ: kiss yet¯öaàyeewa: hand over (many things), give (many NegetsöÍ ha. They are going to kiss you. things) Yatsö‡. He kissed her. yet¯öaàyehchi: hand over (cloth object), give (cloth yetsö·dàaxàechi, hanÃ-le dÀ yetsö·dàakàechi: open object) (single object) I’ve opened the can. yet¯öaàyehtÀ: hand over (animate object), give SatsÎt· tsö·dàaxàehchÃ. (animate object) yetsö·dàaxàetsi, hanÃ-le dÀ yetsö·dàakàechi: open (single object) yet¯öaàyehtsi: hand over (cloth object), give (cloth object) SatsÎt· tsö·dàaxàehtsÃ. I’ve opened the can. yet¯öaet¯a: escape from (his/her) hands, get away yetsö·dàaxàewa, hanÃ-le dÀ yetsö·dàakà˙eewa: from open (plural objects) Set¯öaÀht¯a. She got away from me. yetsö·dàechi: close (single object) Close it. yet¯ö‡: knit Wetsö·dà‡chi. Nazha z· eht¯ö‡. I only knitted yarn. yetsö·dàetsi: close (single object) Close it. yetsöa˙ehdÃ, hanÃ-le dÀ yechöaehdÃ: press against Wetsö·dà‡tsi. EnÃ‡t· köe tsöa˙ehdÃ. She presses against the door. yetsöÕ: scratch (it) Scratch my back. yetsöaehtöi: knock against Sen·kwö·Î netsöÕ. EnÃ‡t· köe tsöaehtöi. He is knocking on the door. yetsöÎ da‡˙ah: be jealous of, be envious of, envy, want from (him/her) what (he/she) has yetsöaehtsi: nudge I envy you. Yetsöaehtsi ha. He will nudge him. NetsöÎ dai˙ah. Setsöa‡htso. He nudged me. BÕ ¯ek·· gh· shÀnet‡ töà, Joe netsöÎ da‡˙ah. Because you were eating delicious meat, Joe yetsöaet¯a: bump against wanted from you what you had. Setsö··t¯a. He bumped against me. yetsöÎ nie˙à-le: ignore, pay no attention to yetsöagÕehge: elbow (him/her/it) be friendly towards, favour YetsöagÕ‡hgÀ. He elbowed him. yetsöÎ s·niw·: complain to, yetsöà˙ehdÃ: pay yetsöÎ s·Î adi, hanÃ-le dÀ yetsöÎ s·adi: grumble to Wetsöà˙ehdÃ ha. I am going to pay him. 131 yewaewi, hanÃ-le dÀ yeghaew‡: hunger for, long for, yexÀ˙ehchi: tie up with a cloth object, bandage want, like, love Wedaà xÀ˙‡hchi. Cover his eyes. BÕ wa‡wi nÃ?: Are you hungry? yexÀ˙ehtsi: tie up with a cloth object, bandage yewàedi, hanÃ-le dÀ yewà˙eedi: feed Wedaà xÀ˙‡htsi. Cover his eyes. Ch‡fi wàedi. He is feeding the birds. yexÀ˙‡: copy, imitate, mimic yewàeka: spoonfeed Età xÀeh˙‡ n‡dÀ dehwh·. I hope to copy Dad. yeweÀ ehts‡, hanÃ-le dÀ yeweehts‡: kill yexÀ˙‡z·, hanÃ-le dÀ yexÀ‡zh·: be same size as NeweÀ ehts‡ ha. I am going to kill you. Terri xÀ˙‡z·. She is the same size as Terri. Tammy sexÀ˙‡z·. Tammy is the same size as me. yewÕehchöi: skin (verb) NekwÃ xÀ˙‡z·-le. It doesn’t fit your head. yewÕehtsöi: skin (verb) yexÀ˙‡zh·, hanÃ-le dÀ yexÀ‡zh·: be same size as yexa köeetöÍ, hanÃ-le dÀ yeka köeetöÍ: look around for Terri xÀ˙‡zh·. She is the same size as Terri. Ed‡Í xàgoÕ˙àa sÃi xa köeetöÍ. He was looking Tammy sexÀ˙‡zh·. Tammy is the same size as me. around for where the exit is. NekwÃ xÀ˙‡zh·-le. It doesn’t fit your head. yexa whÍÍ adzà, hanÃ-le dÀ yeka whÍÍ ajà: looked in yexÀ˙Ãhdzà, hanÃ-le dÀ yexÀÃhdzà: measure vain for, could not find Dech‡ xÀ˙Íhdzà. Measure the logs. Wexa whÍÍ ahdzà. I looked in vain for it./I didn’t find touch, feel it. yexÀedÃ, hanÃ-le dÀ yÀedÃ: ˘eh da‡hchi, dech‡tÀ xÀedÃ chöà. Hold the dress up yexa whÍÍ ajà, hanÃ-le dÀ yeka whÍÍ ajà: looked in so it doesn’t touch the floor. vain for, could not find SekÀ nahtso ha nÃhÕkwöoh. WexÀehdÃ. My shoes Wexa whÍÍ ahjà. I looked in vain for it./I didn’t find have started to get wet. I feel it. it. Eezhii dÀ xÀhdi. Lightning struck the ground. yexa whÍÍ köeetöÍ: look in vain for, cannot find EneÀko n‡htsöi wheköÕo wexÀedÃ. The old man feels the cold wind. yexaniw·, hanÃ-le dÀ yekaniw·: look for, hunt Dech‡ ta köetsöedÀ n‡dÀ ‡tlöÎ xatsö‡‡w·. When we yexÀezà: tie up, bandage walk around in the bush, we look for cranberries. AsÃi töà gogÎÎ xÀtsöeezà. One ties up the person’s arm with something. yexà˙À, hanÃ-le dÀ yekà˙À: look for by boat JÃe xàge˙À. They are going to look for berries by yexÀezhà: tie up, bandage boat. AsÃi töà gogÎÎ xÀtsöeezhà. One ties up the person’s arm with something. yexàeli: expect Nexàeli-le. She wasn’t expecting you. yexÀgodo, hanÃ-le dÀ yexÀgondo: tell stories to NaxixÀgoado. He told you stories. yexàeta, hanÃ-le dÀ yekàeta: look for, search out Eyi cheko, done hazh·Î gikàeta. That boy, yexÀlaÃdi, hanÃ-le dÀ yÀlaedi: touch with the hands, everyone is looking for him. put hands to NexÀlaedi. She is going to touch you. yexeed‡, hanÃ-le dÀ yeed‡: get used to YexÀlaidi sÎÎ. Don’t let him touch it. Nexeed‡ ha. She will get used to you. Wetsöaad·. We got used to him. yexoehdi, hanÃ-le dÀ yehoehdi: guard, look after, Eghàlaeda gha xeed‡ ha. He will get used to watch over, observe, be careful with working. Ann seda wexoneehdi. Watch over Ann for me. Beh sÃi, hotiÃ wexotsöeehdi z·. We are always yexÀ nàÃt¯a: get carried away with, get too friendly careful with knives. with, be happy to see Sezha goxÀ nàÃt¯a. My son is happy to see us.

132 yeyÃetà: step into clothing, put on clothes on the yÀhg··, hanÃ-le dÀ yÃhg··: bittern, type of yellow lower body bird with long beak KegÕÕ yÃetà ha. He is going to put on new shoes. yÀh¯a: have (plural objects) in place, keep (plural My little son has put on socks. Sezhaa libà yÃeta. objects) in place yeyÃet¯a: get into, put on clothing asÃi tsöeh¯aa kÎfi: cupboard Gohtö· yÃ‡t¯a. Get dressed. Tso edegà wheh¯a. She has firewood by her. Kwö‡h˙eh degoo yÃet¯a. He is putting on a white yÀhndi, hanÃ-le dÀ yÀhdi: tell, ask, call (it) by name shirt. yÀht·: have (rigid object) in place, keep (rigid object) have on the hands, wear on the hands yeyÃÀhdÃ: in place Jih yÃÀhdÃ. He is wearing mittens. Sezha kwiköÃi daÀhte zhii yÀht·. My son keeps the yeyÃihoÀhkwöe: smoke hide, tan hide gun under the bed. EwÕ yÃihoÀhkwöe ha. She is going to tan the hide. yÀlaedi, hanÃ-le dÀ yexÀlaedi: touch with the hands, We smoked ¤¯À sadzeÀ töà ewÕ yÃihotsöen‡ÍhkwöÀ. put hands to the hide for one hour. NÀlaedi ha. She is going to touch you. yeyÃit·ekwi: stretch pelts on boards KöaàtöÃi anajà, nàtee yÀlaÀhdi töà. He got well again Dzfl ghàà dz·wÕ yÃit·ekwi. I stretched muskrat because the seer put his hands on him. pelts all day. yÀlambàà, hanÃ-le dÀ yal·hbàà: flag yeyÃiwhe˙À: have on the lower body, wear on the yietöàa, hanÃ-le dÀ yeetöàa: wall lower body T¯öà˙eh yÃiwhe˙À. He is wearing pants. yihdlo: urine Ke yÃiwhe˙À. He wears shoes. yihköÀ: shoot at yeyÃiwheda: have on clothing, wear clothing Chekoa wÎhdaà kweköàa gihköÀ gigha nez‡. Some MÕlaizhÃÃ yÃiwheda. He is wearing whiteman’s kids like to shoot at snowbirds. clothing. yihtöi, hanÃ-le dÀ yeehtöi: fight with fists, punch yeyÃixà˙e, hanÃ-le dÀ yeyÃikà˙e: step out of clothing, Neehtöi ha. I’ll punch you. wear out pants/shoes yiitÎ: hold T¯öà˙eh yÃixà‡˙À. He wore out his pants. Tsö·Îko nàke kwe gokw‡, echÃ hi giitÎ. The two yeyÃixàet¯a, hanÃ-le dÀ yeyÃikàet¯a: get out of women were holding a stone axe and an awl. clothing, take off clothing yiÃ˙aà, hanÃ-le dÀ zhiÃ˙aà: upside down Ede˙eÀ yÃixàet¯a. He is taking off his coat. YiÃ˙aà whet·. It stands upside down. yeyÃixàtà, hanÃ-le dÀ yeyÃikàtà: step out of clothing, yiÃhwhi: heat (it) take off clothing from the lower body Dagowo gha eye giÃhwhi. They are warming the NekÀ yÃixànetà n·Î. Be sure to take off your shoes. drum for the dance. EdekÀ yÃixàeta. He took off his shoes. yÃet¯öaà whet··: foundations of a house yeyÃiyewa: load, put (many things) inside Elà yÃi˙‡wa. Load the boat. yÃhchi: take, pick, choose, marry MÍ ti yÃiehwha ha. I am going to put the net in the YÃhchi ha. He is going to marry her. water. Eded‡ xàà d· ÍhchÃ. He himself chose the men. Se˙en‡ht¯öÀÃchÃi Íhchi ha nflflwo nÃ?: Do you want yÀdiikÎ, hanÃ-le dÀ yÃÃdiikÎ: electricity to take my picture? yÀhdi, hanÃ-le dÀ yÀhndi: tell, ask, call (it) by name yÃhda: Big Dipper EhtsÀe Íle yÀhdi. Grandfather told him no. Gogha phone anele segedi. They asked me to yÃhgo, hanÃ-le dÀ yÃhgoa: baby cradle carried on the phone for them. back ôEezhiI’ wÀtsöedi. We call it ‘thunder’. 133 yÃhg··, hanÃ-le dÀ yÀhg··: bittern, type of yellow zahkÈÈ: snowbank bird with long beak zahkÎ: igloo yÃhsÕ: hook (it) zahköe: wintertime, snowy season yÃhtsi: take, pick, choose, marry zahkwöàa: sleet, wet snow YÃhtsi ha. He is going to marry her. Eded‡ xàà d· ÍhtsÃ. He himself chose the men. zahtsoÕ: wet snow Se˙en‡ht¯öÀÃtsÃi Íhtsi ha nflflwo nÃ?: Do you want to zakaköekÕa: skidoo, snowmobile take my picture? zakaköekÕa t‡liÃ: skidoo trail yÃÃda: maggot, fly larvae zakaköekÕawÕ: canvas skidoo cover yÃköeetöaa: iron for clothes zakaköekÕo: bombardier, large snowmobile yÃköet¯öÕo: perfume zatsiÃ: snow flurries with wet snow yÃnda: small bird zà: louse, tick yÃwÕ, hanÃ-le dÀ zhÃwÕ: sack for clothes YÃwÕ yÃi dz·wÕ whelaa tsöÀko gà whehchÃh. A zà kwÃtsöÃi: lice comb sack with muskrats inside it is lying beside the zàehkwö‡fi: nit woman. -zeÀ: trigger kwiköÃi zeÀ: gun trigger ZezÃ: Jesus Good Friday T¯‡ch· kãÈÈ ZezÃ E¯a‡woo DzflÈ: ZezÃ Kri: Jesus Christ Zidàotö‡Í: people of Judea, Jews, Israelites zÃköedea: perfume -zaà: month, combining form Detö·cho Zaà: Marchz (eagle’s month) zÃköet¯öÕo, hanÃ-le dÀ zhÃköet¯öÕa: perfume Degai Maà DzflÈ Zaà: August (Holy Mary’s Day zÃwÕ, hanÃ-le dÀ yÃwÕ: sack for clothes month) z·: just, only, always zah: snow Dih d‡ z· whehköÀ. He shot only four grouse. zah det··: deep snow Beh sÃi, hotiÃ wexotsöeehdi z·. Knives, we’re always careful with them. zah eehköÎ·: melting snow -z··: old, used, worn out zah e¯eehtsii: drifting soft snow, soft sticky snow wez·fi: the old one zah hodàet¯öÕo: snowslide, avalanche, snowfall kwiköÃiz··: an old gun zah nay‡‡: melting snow zah n‡zeh: soft snow zah xàgee, hanÃ-le dÀ zhah kàgee: shovelled snow zah xÀ nawhehtsöi: snowstorm with blowing snow zah xÀ yats·hÕÀwo: snowstorm with wet snow zahkàà: snowflake zahkààtso: large soft snowflake 134 zhÃköedea: perfume zhÃköet¯öÕo, hanÃ-le dÀ zhÃköet¯öÕa: perfume T¯‡ch· kãÈÈ zhÃwÕ, hanÃ-le dÀ yÃwÕ: sack for clothes -zh··: old, used, worn out wezh·fi: the old one kwiköÃizh··: an old gun zhah: snowzh zhah det··: deep snow zhah eehköÎ·: melting snow zhah e¯eehtsii: drifting soft snow, soft sticky snow zhah hodàet¯öÕo: snowslide, avalanche, snowfall zhah nay‡‡: melting snow zhah n‡zeh: soft snow zhah xàgee, hanÃ-le dÀ zhah kàgee: shovelled snow zhah xÀ nawhehtsöi: snowstorm with blowing snow zhah xÀ yach·hÕÀwo: snowstorm with wet snow zhahkàà: snowflake zhahkààcho: large soft snowflake zhahkÈÈ: snowbank zhahkÎ: igloo zhahköe: winter-time, snowy season zhahkwöàa: sleet, wet snow zhahtsoÕ: wet snow zhakaköekÕa: skidoo, snowmobile zhakaköekÕa t‡liÃ: skidoo trail zhakaköekÕawÕ: canvas skidoo cover zhakaköekÕo: bombardier, large snowmobile zhatsiÃ: snow flurries with wet snow zhà: louse, tick zhà kwÃtsöÃi: lice comb zhàehkwö‡fi: nit ZhezÃ: Jesus ZhezÃ E¯a‡woo DzflÈ: Good Friday ZhezÃ Kri: Jesus Christ Zhidàotö‡Í: people of Judea, Jews, Israelites 135 138 English 138 Adverb indicating failure or no success at something: whÍÍ English advice: yati affairs: goÃdi affect: ayele a: ‡¯À a affect in that way: hayele, kayele abdominal cramps: gowÕ eya (be) afraid: dedz‡, dej‡, dÀhyeh, nedz‡, nej‡, w‡nÃ dedz‡, w‡nÃ dej‡ (be) able to: ha dÃÃ-le (be) afraid of: yechöàej‡, yetsöàedz‡ (be) able to see: köeetöÍ after: (conjunction) t¯öàx··, weköÀÀ, wet¯öàx·Î aboriginal people: d· s·Î¯‡‡ after a certain time: daatsöÎ, weköee about: wegh· after midnight: to tani daatsöÎ about each other: e¯egh· after that: eyigà, eyiköÀÀ, eyit¯öàx·· (be) about to take place: nÃhÕdaakwöe afterbirth: eket¯öaÀzaa, eket¯öaÀzhaa above: godoo, wedoo afternoon: dzfltani köee, dzfltani köere, dzfltani abscess: whehtsöÕo t¯öàx·· abuse: day‡‡h˙ah, tsÍyehwhi afterwards: eyit¯öàx·· abuse verbally: n�dahoe˙�, wh�dagoetsÎ (be) again: nadl‡ according to: -köÈÈ, wegh��, wegh�rÃ again: ach‡, ats‡, köach‡, köats‡, (prefix) na- according to the experience of: wegha against: (conjunction) -chöà, -tsöà dàà, wechöà, ace in cards: lizà wedàà, wetsöà aching: eya, ezha against (his/her) will or wish: weköÀchöa, acne: go‡nÃ yÃ‡t¯öii weköÀtsöa, w‡nÃ köÀchöa, w‡nÃ köÀtsöa against each other across from: wetadà : eköÀchöa, eköÀtsöa against our will across from each other: e¯etadà : go‡nÃ köÀchöa, go‡nÃ köÀtsöa (be) against the law across water: ‡nÎÎ : wechöàetö·, wetsöàetö· (prefix) naà-, (prefix) n·Î- against the mind of: go‡nÃ köÀchöa, go‡nÃ köÀtsöa act: köehoe˙a against the wind: n‡htsöi dàà acting like: laàtö‡, làatö‡ age: goghoÕ (be) active: nàgoehde agonize: wegha dÃÀ Adam’s apple: goköàhkwö·Î agree: e¯eköÈÈ atsö‡‡w· add (things) together: e¯exÀyihtà (be) agreeable: hfl˙fl niw· admonishment: yati nàtsoo agreeing with: (postposition) weköÀÀ, weköÈÈ adopt a child: chekoa goÎtÀ, chekoa nàtsöehte, agreement is made: nakenahoh¯À tsekoa goÎtÀ, tsekoa nàtsöehte ahead: ‡daà, nadfiË adult: cheko ·hdaà, ·hdah, ·hndah, tseko ·hdaà ahead of: wenakweÀ 139 aim (it): edÀye˙a always: aatsö·Î, aatsö·tsöÎ, datsö·Î, datsö·tsöÎ, töaatsö· tsöÎ, töahotsö· gotsöÎ, z· aim a gun: kwiköÃi edÀ˙a (be) amazed by: yeghàhoeli air: n‡htsöi amazing: sÃdÃi air freshener: wetöà goyiÃ go¯ek·· (be) amazing: eniÃyah air-strip: en‡ht¯öÀköetöaa köÀ, tsöietöaa köÀ (be) amazing situation: enehorÃyah, enihorÃyah airplane: en‡ht¯öÀetöaa, en‡ht¯öÀköetöaa, tsöeetöaa, tsöietöaa American: Behcho D·Î, Behtso D·Î, Mbehcho D·Î, Mbehtso D·Î airport: en‡ht¯öÀköetöaa köÀ, tsöietöaa köÀ American kestrel: tatsehtsoa Aklavik: Tat¯öahkÎ ammunition belt: kwiÃchowÀ, kwiÃchowÕ, alcoholic: kÎtÃ wedoÕ whel‡‡ kwiÃtsowÕ all: haz·Î, hazh·Î, h·töÃi among: wen‡, weta all at once: e¯eghàà among the houses: hÎta, kÎta all day: dzfl ghàà (be) amused: dlÕniw· all kinds of: kàà˙aa, xàà˙aa (be) amused about: yegh· dlÕniw· all of: weköÀt¯öaa gotsöÎ ancestors: gocho, gotso all over the body: gokwÎta ancient times: ‡dÃ whaà (be) all over the place: weköÀehoewo and: eyigotsö·, eyitsö·, eyixÀ, gà, hi, h‡, h‡Í, xÀ all over the place: hol·Î and then: eyigà, eyigotsö·, eyit¯öàx··, eyitsö· all people: d· haz·Î, d· hazh·Î angel: yaköe gotö‡Í, yaköeetöÍfi, yaköeetö‡Í (be) all right: esanÃle, töasanÃle (be) angry: ÃchöÀ, ÃtsöÀ, w‡nÃ köÀchöa, w‡nÃ köÀtsöa all sorts of things: töasÃi haz·Î, töasÃi hazh·Î angry at: go‡nÃ köÀchöa, go‡nÃ köÀtsöa all the time: aatsö·Î, datsö·Î (be) angry at: yechöàniw·, yetsöàniw· almost: köàhdz··, köàhj··, töe animal: tichöaàdÃi, t‡chöaàdÃi, t‡tsöaàdÃi, tichöa nàdÀe, alone: whachoÕ, whach·Î, whatsoÕ t‡chöa nàdÀe, t‡tsöa nàdÀe along the edge of: wedaghaa animal skin: tsàwÕ along the river: dehköÀ animal tick: t‡chöaàdÃi zhàà, t‡tsöaàdÃi zàà alongside: w··whfi animals eaten by people: t‡chöaàdÃi done yedÀe, alongside each other: e¯egh·hköeÀ t‡tsöaàdÃi done yedÀe alongside of: wegh·hköeÀ ankle: gokech‡Í, gokets‡Í already: hÕtöa, kÕtöa, xÕtöa ankle joint: kech‡Í eghàgoÀzh·Î, kets‡Í eghàgoÀz·Î also: chi, ch‡, hi, si, shi, tsi another: eyiÃle, eyi-le altar: lamÀhköÀ ant: e¯·hdÃi, gol·hdÃi, tsöihdÃi although: hÕ, kÕ, xÕ anti-freeze: wetöà ti et‡-le altogether: haz·Î töà, hazh·Î töà antler: edÀ aluminum paint: satsÎ en‡ht¯öÀtÃ 140 antler velvet: edegwÕ arm: gogÎÎ anus: gokwo armpit: gogÕht¯öo (be) anxious: ‡whfiË niw· around: wem·Î any kind: töahoÀyÍ‡, töalàa sÃi around an area: gota any one at all: -hoÀyÍ‡ around that area: ekÃiyeÀköe any type: töahoÀyÍ‡ around that time: ekÃiyeÀ, ekÃiyeÀköe anybody: d· töalàa, d· wiizÃi, d· w‡‡zÃi around there: ekÃiyeÀ anything: asÃi, töalàa sÃi, töasÃi around town: kÎta, xÎta anytime: töala köe sÃi arrange: (many things) sinÃyewa anywhere: asÍ‡, töala köe sÃi, töasÍ‡ (plural objects) sinÃyele apart from each other: ehtsö·Î arrival: (prefix) nÀ-, nÃ- apostle: wecheekeÀ, wetseekeÀ arrive: apparently: l·Î, n·Î (one person) nÃÃt¯a, nÍt¯a appear: wÀgaatö‡, wÀgoatö‡ (plural) nÃtsöidÀ, (plural objects) nÀzhe, nÃze appear like: làanÃ wÀgaatö‡ (situation) nÃhÕkwöi, nÃkwöi appear to be: atö‡ làanÃ (two people) nÃgitöà (vehicle) nÃkÀ appeared: wÀgoehtöÍ arrive at a time: -gh· nÀni˙·, -gh· nÃ‡˙·, nÃ‡˙· apple: dzÃetso, jÃecho arrive by boat: nÃ˙e appreciate: masÃ yenihwh·, yegh·niÀt· arrive by plane: nÃÃtöa, nÍtöa April: NaÃdadzflÈ Zaà arrive over water: tàehke, tàhke apron: ch‡htÀa, dz·htÀ, godz·htÀ, goj·htÀ, j·htÀ, laköedÃi, laköÀdÃi, mahtÀ, mfihtÀ, ts‡htÀa arrived: (situation) nÃhÕkwöoh, nÃkwöoh Archangel: yaköe gotö‡Í gh· köàowo arrow: köÍ Arctic: edzanÀköe arrowhead: köÍkwö‡Í, kwö‡Í Arctic char: ¯iwez·· deköoo arthritis: gokwö·Î tàda Arctic loon: köÀmbÀ, kwöÀmbÀ, tÀetö·, tÀetö· as a consequence: köÀxa weÀhdà degoo (be) as determined as: wexÀehtöe Arctic Red River: Chighàhchi, Ehchi DeÀ, Ehchi as many as: wexÀet¯· Deh, Ehtsi DeÀ, Tsighàhtsi as soon as: -ÀtöiÃ area around a bay: t¯öËfi as soon as, when talking about the past: ekÕ area around Edzo: N·dÃi ÀtöiÃ area around our feet: gokÈfl (be) as successful as: wexÀehtöe area of the lower edge of the tent: n‡hbàachËfi, as well: h‡, h‡Í n‡hbàatsËfi Ash Wednesday: ˜ÀbÀ DzflÈ, ˜ÀmbÀ DzflÈ, õzàa arena: goyÃi s·nàtsöedÀe köÀ, köetsöedzoo köÀ GotsöabeÀ Köe Atsöeh˙‡‡, õzhàa GotsöabeÀ Köe argue: nàyaehti Atsöeh˙‡‡ 141 (be) ashamed: enÀdz·, enÀj·, ÀÀzhael‡, ÍÍzael‡, axe: gokw‡ ÍÍzhael‡, nehodz·, nehoj· axe handle: gokw‡ch‡Í, gokw‡ts‡Í (be) ashamed of: yegh· enÀdz·, yegh· enÀj·, yegh· ÀÀzael‡, yegh· ÀÀzhael‡, yegh· ÍÍzhael‡ (be) ashamed of oneself: edegh· ÀÀzael‡, edegh· ÀÀzhael‡, edegh· ÍÍzhael‡ ashes: eht¯öÀ, ¯ÀbÀ, ¯ÀmbÀ (top layer of white ashes) ¯ozàa, ¯ozhàa English ashes whirling around the fire: Íht¯öayeÀ ashtray: tsöetöÃikwöà aside: ‡˙ÎÎ babiche: t¯öihg·Î,b t¯öinàakwÕo ask: dayeehke, yÀhdi, yÀhndi baby: bebÃ ask (him/her) that: hayÀhdi, kayÀhdi baby bottle: töÕot· ask for: yeekÀ, yeka gode baby cradle carried on the back: yÃhgo, yÃhgoa ask that: hadi, kadi baby finger: golamÎtsoa (be) asked: wekàgoedÃ, wexàgoedÃ baby powder: bebÃa ¯À (old word) chekolÀa, tsekolÀa aspen: kö‡flh baby rabbit: gahzaa, gahzhaa aspirin: gokwÃ eya nàÀdiÃ baby rattle: bebÃa gÕgwoh assessment: en‡ht¯öÀ köahotaa babysitter: bebÃa köÀdÃi assist: yetsöàdi, yetsöàndi baby teeth – the first two: gahghÕa Assumption: Degai Maà DzflÈ baby toe: gokemÎtsoa at first: töakwetöà babysit: chekoa köÀdÃ, tsekoa köÀdÃ at last: n··deÀ back: (adverb) eköÀtöà, ‡dÀe at the same time: e¯eghàà back of the body: gochÍtöa, gon·kwö·Î, gotsÍtöa atheist: wegha yati-lee back a net: mÍ moÕ˙ehtöÃ, mÍ m·Î˙ehtöÃ attic: dahkÎ, ‡dÕo dahkÎ back area of the body: gotöaan·Î attitude: nàowo back in time: godÀe attract things to itself: weyeÀdi back of the hand: golatöaà August: Degai Maà DzflÈ Zaà, Dzflndeà Zaà back of the knee: godzakwöo aunt: gomÎ· back of the neck: goköohch‡Í, goköohts‡Í aunt and niece/nephew: e¯emÎ·ke back part of fish: ¯iwet¯öà authorize: yeghàhÕ˙à back then: yahnÀe autumn: xatöÎ backbone: en··gh·, go‡chÍkwö·Î, go‡tsÍkwö·Î, avalanche: zah hodàet¯öÕo, zhah hodàet¯öÕo gon·kwö·Î away from: we˙Î·, wechöà, wetsöà, wetsö·Î backbone of caribou or moose: en·kwö·Î away from an area: gotsö·Î awl: echÃ, etsÃ 142 backhoe: eht¯öÀkàgoo barber: d· köekwÃghàetöàa d·Î backpack: mÕla tehmÍÍ (be) bare: go‡t¯oÕ, got¯oÕ backtrack: x·naÃt¯a bare ice: t·hkwö‡Í, t·hkwöÍfi backwards: ekãÀtãà barefoot: kedfl bacon: gogÕhköa, goÕhköa barge: dech‡kàà elà, dets‡kàà elà, elàcho, elàtso, wetöà xeh köezee, wetöà xeh köezhee bacon grease: goÕhköa t¯eÀ bark: (verb) degho (be) bad: nez‡-le bark of a tree: wetöiÃ (be) bad times: hoÃla, horÃla barrel: lÃbaà, lÃbarÃ bad weather: yàhodzii, yàhojii barren land: ekÃika nÀköe bail water out of a boat: ti ez·Î barrenland caribou: hozÃi ekwÎ bait: -diÃ, ¯iwediÃ, -ndiÃ, wediÃ, wendiÃ barrenlands: hozÃi bake: (intransitive verb) etöÀ barrette: gokwÃghà köe tsöeh˙·· bake (it): yehtöÀ barrettes: gokwÃghà köe whelaa (be) baked: whetöe baseball bat: gohzÃxàà, gohzhÃxàà, xàà baking powder: ¯Àd‡ baseball game: ¯àtageeghàa, ¯àtageehxàa balance of money: s·Îmba de˙ÎÎ kàet¯öÃi basement: dÀ got¯öaa, dÀ got¯öaa kÎ, kÎgot¯öa, ndÀ balance stick for rabbit snare: ekà gozÃi kÎ, ndÀ gozhÃi kÎ bald head: kwÃkwöÍfi, kwÃtöa go‡t¯oa basket: kwöà ball: gohzÃ, gohzhÃ basket, woven: t¯öot· band councillor: kwöahtia Basler Lake: Tehg·Î TÃ bandage: gokaà köe ¯iÃdzÀe, yexÀ˙ehchi, bat (it): ¯àtayeehxà yexÀ˙ehtsi, yexÀezà, yexÀezhà bathe: yeköena˙ehtse, yeköenaehtse bangs: gotsöachÀ, gotsöatsÀ, tsöazhii bathe oneself: edeköenaetse bank building: s·Îmba dehsee kÎ, s·Îmba dehshee kÎ, s·Îmba ehshee kÎ, s·Îmba tsöeh¯aa bathing suit: wetöà köetsöebee kÎ, s·Îmba whelaa kÎ battery: tehkÎ, tohkÎ bank manager: s·Îmba dehsee kÎ gha köàowo, bay: t¯öà s·Îmba dehshee kÎ gha köàowo, s·Îmba tsöeh¯aa kÎ gha köàowo bay or end of a river: deht¯öà bannock: d· ¯ÀtöÀ, ¯ÀtöÀ be: ade, atö‡, gÎh¯‡, h·töe, ne, ·töe (many areas) yàgÕla bannock made with fish eggs: ekö‡Í ¯ÀtöÀ (many people) yàg‡‡l‡ baptism: d· köÀtaÃdz‡‡ (non-permanent state) el‡ (situation) agÎhtöe (be) baptized: weköÀtaÃdz· be affected by: ayÍhwh· bar (place): kÎtÃ kÎ, làbiÃkÎ, tsöed·· kÎ be (his/her) fault: wetöàatöà bar of soap: dat¯eyÍfi

143 be (located): became: adzà, ajà (chunky object) whe˙· (situation) agÕdzà, agÕjà (cloth object) whehchÃh, whehtsÃh because: köÀxa, töà, tsöih˙Î, tsö‡h˙Î, tsö·˙Î (containerful) wheht· (liquid or grainy material) whet¯öi because of: wegh·, wetsö‡h˙Î (one animate object) whet‡ because of that: eyitsöih˙Î, eyitsö·˙Î (one person) wheda (plural animate objects) whete become: atö‡, Ãh¯À, nadl‡, (situation) agode (plural objects) whela become again: anadle, (repeatedly) anatöÍ (plural people) tsöeÀhkwöe become dawn: Ãhka (rigid object) whet· (two people) tsöeke become old: ehdz·, ehj· Bea Lake: Bea TÃ becoming: adaade, daàh¯À (situation) agodaade beach: t¯öËfi becoming again: anadaade bead: ehtsöo, ehtsöoo becoming black: xàdaat¯öÕ beak: eÀhdà becoming bruised: xàdaat¯öÕ beans: b‡Í becoming dawn: edaÀhka bear: sah becoming evening: xÀhtsöÎ agodaade bear cub: sahzaa, sahzhaa bed: daÀhte bear fat: sahköa bed linens: daÀhtewÕ bear meat: sahkwÎ bed sheet: tÀ bear’s den: sah˙·· bed-spread: daÀhtewÕ bearberries: ÍhköadzÃÃ, ÍhköajÃÃ Bedford Point: SÃh EghoÕl·, ShÃh EghoÕl· beard: godaghà, wedaghà bedroom: natsöeetee kÎ, tsöetee kÎfi beat on: yeehxà bedroom slippers: xÀhtsöÎ gokÀ beat up: yedziehxà, yedzÃihxà, yekwÎ eya ayele bee: kwöiahn· (be) beaten: wegh·enÀ bee’s nest: kwöiahn·töoÕ beautiful: wÀdaatö‡‡, wÀnaatö‡‡ beef: edziekwÎ, ejiekwÎ beautiful place: gÕdaatö‡‡ beehive: kwöiahn·töoÕ beaver: tsà beer: làbiÃ beaver castor: tsàl‡Í before: akwee hÕ, dakwee kÕ, gokwe, gotsöÎ, beaver dam: e˙ÀÀ, tsà˙ÀÀ köakwe, töakwe, tsöÎ, wekwe, wenakweÀ beaver hook: tsàgozeÀ before (his/her) eyes: wenadfiË beaver lodge: tsàkÈÈ, tsàkÍÍ before all: gokwed·Î beaver one year old: tsàzea, tsàzhea before in time: ‡nÈfl beaver pelt stretcher: tsàwÕech‡Í, tsàwÕets‡Í before us: gokwe Beaver people: Tsàahtö‡Í beg: nàdaetÃ beaver two years old: tsà ekÕo 144 beggar: d· weköeÀtö‡‡ (be) big: nechà, netsà (area) go‡chà, go‡tsà beginning to happen: agodaade (many things) yànechà, yànetsà beginning to tear: tàdaadlà big: -cho, -deÀ, -ndeÀ, -tso behaving like: laàtö‡, làatö‡ big bear: sahcho, sahtso behaviour: nàowo big boat: elàcho, elàtso behind: de˙Í‡, ‡dÀe, we˙Í‡, weköÀÀ big bucket: t·hcho, t·htso behind a place: go˙‡Í, go˙Í‡ big day: dzfldeÀ, dzflndeÀ behind in space: godÀe, wechÍtöa, wetsÍtöa Big Dipper: nÎnda, yÃhda behind the back of: (postposition) wenaàht· big flames: kÎwoÕ nechàa, kÎwoÕ netsàa behind the knee: godzakwöo Big Island in the Hottah Lake area: ¤tsöÀ DiÃ believe: ehkwöi adi niw· big knife: behcho, behtso, mbehcho believe it: ehkwöi aniw· big lake: ticho, tideÀ, tindeÀ, titso believe it is true: ehkwöi ahodi big mitts: dzihtso, jihcho believer: ehkwöi ahodi niw·· big pail: t·hcho, t·htso bell: satsÎ tsöeehtsÕo big sack for storing clothes: ·hchÃ, ·htsÃ bells: t¯‡ÍlÃa Big Spruce Lake: Tsöi TÃ bellybutton: gobÕkwöia big toe: gokehkwÃ belonging to: wetsö· bile: tih¯‡‡ below the treeline: dech‡ tsö·neÀ, dets‡ tsö·neÀ bill: en‡ht¯öÀ, n‡ht¯öÀ belt: whe bill of a bird: eÀhdà (be) bent: whezÕ binoculars: weyeÀtö‡‡, weyÃi eÀtö‡‡ berry: dzÃe, jÃe birch: köi beside: wegà, wetöÎ, w··whfi birch bark: köi besides: gà birch bark: köi wetöiÃ besides that: eyigà birch bark basket: köikwöà, köit· best: denahköe birch bark cooking pot: köit· better in health: köaàtöÃi birch bark plate: köikwöà between: wegee birch bud: köilaa, köilareh between the rock crevice: kwekàagee birch canoe: köielà beyond: ‡daà, we˙ÎÎ birch sap: köitÃ bib: wedz· whehtsÃa, wedz·htöoÕ köe tÀwhehtsÃi, bird: ch‡fi, ts‡fi wej· whehchÃa, wej·htöoÕ köe tÀwhehchÃi bird beak: ch‡fi weÀhdà, ts‡fi weÀhdà Bible: NÎhts‡ En‡ht¯öÀ, NÎhts‡ En‡ht¯öÀcho, NÎhts‡ En‡ht¯öÀtso bird egg: ch‡fiyÀ, ts‡fiyÀ biceps: gokwöÍliÃ bird resembling a hawk: ehzeÀ 145 bird’s nest: ch‡fitöoh, ts‡fitöoh bleach: wetöà gohtö· köena˙etsee nàÀdiÃ birth certificate: d·tsö‡l‡‡ en‡ht¯öÀ Blessed Virgin Mary: Degai Maà, Degai MarÃ birthday: godzflÈ, gogÎh¯‡‡ dzflÈ (be) blind: wedaà goÕle, wedaà gowhÃle, wedaà whÃle birthday cake: ¯ÀtöÀ ¯ek·· wetöà godzflÈ hoh¯Àe blind person: do wedaà whÃlee, d· wedaà goÃlee biscuit: ¯ÀtöÀhg· blindness: d· daàdeedl‡, d· naàdeedl‡ bishop: yahtideÀ, yahtindeÀ blister: goilà köe ti nÃ‡hke, ti nÍhkÀ bison: edzie, edzire, ejie, ejire blisters: goilà köe ti nÃÃt¯öÃ bitch: t¯‡tsöÀ block its opening: wetsö·dàanÃ‡wa bite: kàyehde, xàyehde block of chewing tobacco: tsöetöÃi kàdzÀe bite up: yedzi˙à, yedzÃi˙à blockage: wetsö·dàanÃ‡˙·· bittern, type of yellow bird with long beak: yÀhg·· (be) blocked: daÀzah, daÀzhah black: töÀÀ blocked river: deh daÀhzaa, deh daÀhzhaa (be) black: dez· blood: edoÕ, edoÕtÃ, godoÕ black bear: sah, sah dez·· blood clot: edehtöeÀ, edohtöeÀ black berries which grow near the mission in blood poisoning: godoÕ¯‡‡ Rae: n‡hts·Î blood soup: edoÕ tiiwo black duck: detö· dez·· blood vessel: edoÕt¯öiÃ, godoht¯öiÃ, godoÕchöÃÃ, black fox: n·gÀe dez·· godoÕtsöÃÃ black fungus growing on rocks, medicine for a blood-clot: edehtöeÀ, edohtöeÀ sore stomach: kwechÍ, kwetsÍ blouse: ˙edziÃwiÃ, ˙ezÃi, ˙ezhÃi, edziÃwiÃ, kwö‡h˙eh, black hairy lichen on trees: dahghaà, dahkwöiÃ kwö·h˙eh black people: d· dez·· blow from different directions: köe¯aeköah black person: mÕlaez·· blow on: yehsÕ, yehshÕ black spruce: edz·, ej· blowing snow: tsi n‡htsöi, tsiehtsöi blackduck: yaaz·fi, yààz·fi (be) blown about: köeÀweehtsöih Blackduck Camp: Wh·sÃ WekÎ (be) blue: dÀht¯öÀ blacken: xàdeÀt¯öÕ blue fox: n·gÀe dÀht¯öÀe blackjack in cards: xàà nàkea blue sky: yàz· bladder: eliiwÕ, goliiwÕ blueberry: dzÃewà, jÃewà blade: weköà bluefish: tsöÀtö‡fi blame: yeköe nÃdahoÀ˙à bluff along the river: behchà, behtsà blanket: tÀ, tsöÕ board: dech‡kàà, dets‡kàà blaspheme: whàdagoetsÎ boardwalk: dech‡ehka, dets‡ehka blast: nàeköÀ boast: xàdahoedÃ blaze: kÎwoÕ nàtso dÃÀ 146 (be) boastful: xàdahoedÃ bother with verbal action: (plural actors) yeköadaedÀ boat: elà, tsöi (single actor) yeköadaewo boat around: köe˙Õ bottle: edzat·, ejat· boat trail: elà et· bottle cap: weda‡˙··, wedanÃ‡˙··, body: d·weÀ, gozÍ‡, gozhÃi, gozhÍ‡ wetsö·dàanÃ‡˙·· body area inside: gozÍ‡töaà, gozhÍ‡töaà bottom: got¯öà body fat: goköa bottom edge of tent or skirt: wechfifi, wetsfifi body sweat: gotöààtÃ bottom of: wet¯öà (be) boggy: dahdÀgoo˙Õ, dÀ dagoo˙Õ (be) bought: nàedÃ boil (noun): t·hxe, tsöÕ, whehtsöÕo, xe (be) bought from: wegh· nàedÃ boil (verb): ebe, eehxà, embe, nÃgha boundary: t¯öi nawhetöii boil (it): yehbe bow: ‡htÍ, ‡tÍ (be) boiled until soft: tenÍ‡be bow of the boat: elàkwÃ (be) boiling: ebe, embe bowl: kwöàyÍfi (be) bold: wedzeÀ nàtso bowstring: ‡htÍt¯öiÃ, ‡tÍt¯öiÃ (be) bolted: enÃnÃ‡˙a, enÍ‡˙a box: ladzÀ, lagÀ, lajÀ bombardier: zakaköekÕo, zhakaköekÕo bracelet: golach‡Í köe whelaa, golats‡Í köe whelaa bone: ekwö·Î, gokwö·Î braid: det¯ö‡, et¯ö‡ bone flesher tool: enÎkwah brain: gokwÃghÎ bone grease: ekwö·Ît¯eÀ brains of an animal: ekwÃghÎ book: en‡ht¯öÀ, n‡ht¯öÀ brambles: goegho, googho boots: dech‡ke, dets‡ke branch: kwöihch‡Í, kwöihts‡Í booze: dzÃetÃ, jÃetÃ, kÎtÃ brant-goose: datöÀh border: t¯öi nawhetöii (be) brave: dedz‡-le, dej‡-le, wedzeÀ nàtso bored: wegha gotsöeÀdi bread: ¯ÀtöÀ (be) boring: gotsöeÀdi bread from the store: ¯ÀtöÀwiÃ (be) born: d·el‡, gogÎh¯‡, wegÎh¯‡ break: (intransitive verb) nàtÍ boss: asÃi gha köàowo, köàowo break (it): nàyeezÃ, nàyeezhÃ, yeköe˙ezÃ, yeköe˙ezhÃ, bosses: köàadÀe, köàodÀe yeköeezhÃ both: h‡, h‡Í break in: enÃkàezÃ, enÃkàezhÃ, enÃxàezÃ both ways: ehköÈÈ break up: tàyeezÃ, tàyeezhÃ both: Í¯ah break-up: t·doa, t·doo, t·tsöÃ bother: breakfast: köom·Îd·Î shÀtsöezhee, köom·Îd·Î (plural actors) yeköalaedÀ wegh· sÀtsöezee, köom·Îd·Î wegh· shÀtsöezhee (single actor) yeköaàwo, yeköalaewo breast: etöÕÕ, gotöÕÕ, töÕÕ 147 breast meat of caribou: etöoÕkwÎ brown: edziedoÕ, ejiedoÕ breast milk: töÕÕ brown bear: sah deköoo breast-bone: gotöohkwö·Î, gotöoÕkwö·Î (be) bruised: xàdeÀt¯öÕ breath: goziÃ, gozhiÃ bruises: gokwÎ dÀht¯öÀe, gokwÎ tsÍdiÃt¯öÕo breathe: edzÃ, ejÃ bruising: gokwÎ xàdaat¯öÕo breathing: goziÃ, gozhiÃ brush: t¯öo breech-cloth: who bubbles: googhoÕ breeze: n‡htsöi bucket: t· (be) breezy: köe¯aeköah buffalo: dech‡ta gojie, dets‡ta godzie, edzie, edzire, ejie, ejire, enareh gojie, hozÃi godziÀ, hozÃi gojiÀ brew: (verb) nÃgha bug: gÕo bridge: dech‡ n·Îwhe˙aa, dech‡ehka, dech‡ehka naàwhe˙aa, dets‡ n·Îwhe˙aa, dets‡ehka, dets‡ehka bug-eyed: godageÀ naàwhe˙aa, mbehch‡Í t‡liÃ naàwhe˙aa, mbehts‡Í build: gohts‡ t‡liÃ naàwhe˙aa, satsÎ t‡liÃ naàwhe˙aa, t‡li tite naàwhe˙aa, weköe n·ÎnatsöeedÀe building: kÎ bridge of the nose: go‡ghÎkwö·Î (be) built: hoh¯À (many things) yàhoh¯À (be) bright: (an area) goeköaa bull: edziez·Î, ejiezh·Î brightness: dzfl, dzflfl bull moose: dedÃezÃi, dedÃezhÃi bring up: (a child) yeehse, yeehshe bulldog fly: nàediÃ brisket: etöoÕkwÎ, eyeÀkwÎ, eyiÀkwÎ bullet: kwiÃcho, kwiÃtso broad-brimmed hat: tsöah mahkà, lÃsabÕh tsöah bullet hole: kwiÃcho köÀ, kwiÃtso köÀ (be) broke: weköe‡tÎ, wekö‡‡tÎ bum: d· weköeÀtö‡‡ broke (it): yeköe˙‡‡tso bum of the body: got¯öà (be) broken: nàetÎ, weköe‡tÎ, wekö‡‡tÎ bumblebee: kwöiahn· dekwoo (be) broken down: nàetÎ bump against: yechöaet¯a, yetsöaet¯a broken ice: t· nàetÎ· bunch of: -chacho, -chaso, -tsaso broken leg: godzaà nàetÎ· bundle: xeh brooch: köetsöeh˙·fi burial: d·kwö·Î nÃtÍ‡ broom: t¯öo, wetöà goköetsöeetÍ‡ (be) buried: wekwö·Î nÃtÍ broth: tiiwo burlap sack: d·hsÎ· zÃwÕ, d·hshÎ· zhÃwÕ brother: (older brother) go‡nde (younger brother) gochi, gotsi burn: (an area) goÀkö·, goköeeköÎ Brother: (Roman Catholic) D·hdaa burn (it): yeÀhkö·, yeköeehköÎ brother-in-law: goye (be) burned: weköeeköÎ brothers: e¯echike, e¯etsike burned area: goköen‡‡köÎ· (be) brought back ashore: t·Îeze, t·Îezhe burned forest area: gÕlo, gÕlooköe 148 (be) burning: dÀköÎ, -rÀköÎ (be) burnt: whetöe burnt spot on the ground: kÎ nÃ‡hkö·· t¯öàx·Î English burp: goteetöà burst: wenÍdlà, yenÃehdlà, yenÃts·ehköÀ cabbage: ‡töÎcho, ‡töÎtso burst open: wenÃts·eköÀ c cabin: dech‡kÎ, dets‡kÎ bury: yekwö·Î nÃtÍ cache: dzehtÍ, etsaa bush: dech‡, dets‡ cache, storage house insulated with moss: bush area: dech‡n‡, dech‡ta, dets‡n‡, dets‡ta t·hkÎ bush medicine: dech‡ta gonàÀdiÃ, dets‡ta gonàÀdiÃ cafe: lÃgahwhÃ kÎ bush radio: radio nechàa, radio netsàa cake: ¯ÀtöÀ ¯ek·· bushman: nàhgfi calculator: wetöà asÃi e¯elaàtsöeehtàa business: (personal) goÃdi calendar: dzfl en‡ht¯öÀ (be) busy: (situation) nàgoede calf of leg: godzaliÃ (be) busy with many things: call (it) by name: yÀhdi, yÀhndi (one person) nàhoehwho (plural) nàhoehdÀ call for: yeka gode but: ekÕ, hanÃhÕ, hanÃkÕ, hÕ, kanÃkÕ, kÕ call out: yaÀze butcher (it): niyeetöà, yeköe˙Ãhwhe, yeköiÃhwhe (be) called that: (area) hagÕyeh butcher knife: mbehcho, mbehtso calm: dÀÀyeh, ndÀÀyeh butter: edzietöÕÕt¯eÀ, ejietöÕÕt¯eÀ, t¯eekwoo, t¯eh calm water: dÀÀyeh, ndÀÀyeh dekwoo camera: wetöà en‡ht¯öÀÃchÃi, wetöà en‡ht¯öÀÃtsÃi butterfly: gÕm·fi, köàm·fi, köÕm·fi Cameron Falls: WiÃle DeÀ Nà‡l‡‡, WoÕle DeÀ Nà‡l‡‡, buttocks: got¯öà, got¯öàkwÎ WoÕle DeÀ Nà‡l‡‡ button: m·Îla Cameron Lake: WiÃle TÃ, WoÕle DeÀ TÃ, WoÕle TÃ buttonhole: m·ÎlaköÀ Cameron River: Kwekààtsoa, WiÃle DeÀ, WoÕle DeÀ buy: nàyeehdÃ campfire: kÎ by: weghàà, weghàrÃ camp out: xàgoÀhköÎ by a place: wexa camp outside, especially as a menstrual passage rite: mÎhtöa goÀhkö· by chance: dàhs·Î camp until freeze-up: wexÀ˙eht·, wexÀeht· by means of: weghàà, weghàrÃ, wetöà campfire is burning: xàgoÀköÎ by oneself: whachoÕ, whach·Î, whatsoÕ can (auxiliary verb): ha dÃÃ-le by what means?: ayÃi töà can (noun): satsÎt·, satsÎt·a can opener: satsÎt· wedakàtsöeetöàa, satsÎt· wedaxàtsöeetöàa 149 can’t take it: wegha dÃÀ caribou hide parka with hair left on: degh·˙eh Canada goose: xah caribou hide with thick, bushy fur: det¯öo cancer: gÕo töà eyael‡ caribou intestine: en·hgÕwÕ candle: eköaÀkö·, eköaÀkö· ghoria, (old word) caribou left overnight before butchering, for neghoria extra flavour: to ‡dàa kwÎÎ candle holder: eköaÀkö·ch‡Í, eköaÀkö·ts‡Í caribou leg skin mukluks: edzawàhke, edzawÕhke candy: nanà, sÃga ¯ek·fi, sÃgalek·fi caribou meat: ekwÎkwÎ cane: geh, tÀ caribou moss: adzÍÍ, ajÃÃ, ajÍÍ canned fruit: dae˙Õo caribou nose meat from around the eyes: etsÍhta cannot: ha dÃÀ, xa dÃÀ caribou skin blanket: det¯öotsöÕ cannot find: yexa whÍÍ köeetöÍ caribou skin coat: det¯öo˙eh canoe: elà caribou skin pants: ekwÎwÕ t¯öà˙eh canvas: lÃbalà, nÎmbalà caribou, second largest male: yaagocho, yaagotso canvas skidoo cover: zakaköekÕawÕ, carpenter: dech‡ ghàlaedaa d·Î, dech‡àladaa, zhakaköekÕawÕ dets‡ ghàlaedaa d·Î, dets‡àladaa canvas tepee: kÎn‡hbàa (be) carried along: yaachi, yaatsi cap of a rifle shell: t¯öehgwe (be) carried around: (plural objects) köeze, köezhe (be) capable: nàghÕÕ (be) carried ashore: (rigid object) tàÀht· captain of boat: tsöi gÀdÃi d·Î, tsöi köÀdÃi d·Î, tsöi köÀndÃi d·Î carrot: kwah car: mbehch‡Í, mbehts‡Í carry around: (animate object) köeyehte car repair shop: mbehch‡Í sigeÀh˙‡‡ kÎ, mbehts‡Í (chunky object) köeye˙a sigeÀh˙‡‡ kÎ (cloth object) köeyehchih, köeyehtsih cardboard box: en‡ht¯öÀwÕ t· (containerful) köeyeht‡ cards: xàà (plural objects) köeyele (rigid object) köeyet‡ careful: hotie, hotii carry back: (be) careful: edexoehdi, hotii niw·, kehoehdi, (cloth object) nayee˙ah kexoehdi (containerful) nayeht‡ careful person: d· hotii aniw·· (heavy object) nayehxe (many things) nayeewa (be) careful with: yehoehdi, yexoehdi (plural objects) nayeele (be) careless: asÃi tsö· ni˙à-le (rigid object) nayeet‡ (single object) nayeechi, nayeetsi caribou: ekwÎ carry back and forth: caribou calf: ekwÎtsia, tsia (animate object) egh·ÎyeehtÀ caribou foot: ekÀ (chunky object) egh·Îyeechi, egh·Îyeetsi caribou hair: degh· (cloth object) egh·Îyeeh˙ah (plural objects) egh·Îyeele caribou hide: ewÕ (rigid object) egh·ÎyeetÍ 150 carry back and forth on the back: egh·Îyeege CD: en‡ht¯öÀedz‡‡, en‡ht¯öÀej‡‡ carry inside: (animate object) goyÃiyehtÀ cement: kwe¯À, kwe¯Àh tsöehtÃi, kwenàeköÎ· carry on the back: köeyege cemetery: d·kwö·Î whelaa köÀ, d·weÀ whelaa köÀ carrying along: nayaachi, nayaatsi cent: satsÎ dekwoa, satsÎfi, satsÎekwoa (plural objects) nayaale cereal: köom·Îd·Î shÀtsöezhee, köom·Îd·Î wegh· (rigid object) nayaat‡ sÀtsöezee, köom·Îd·Î wegh· shÀtsöezhee cart for groceries: wetöà asÃi köetsöehdii chain-saw: dech‡etöàa et¯ee, dets‡etöàa et¯ee cartilage inside caribou heart: edzekwö·Î chair: daÀhch‡, daÀhts‡ cartilage on kneecap: goehgÕdzeÀ chairperson: daÀhch‡ köe whedaa, daÀhts‡ köe cartridge bag: kwiköÃi t¯öehwhÕ whedaa, weghàà nàyaehtii d·Î carving knife for making snowshoes: dech‡xàà, chalice: dzÃetÃ gha edza libÕ, jÃetÃ gha eja libÕ, libÕ dets‡xàà daÀchaa, libÕ daÀtsaa cascade over: niÃwhel‡ change in wind direction: etsöaÀhtsöi case lot: ladzÀ, lagÀ, lajÀ changing temperature: enaitsöih cashier: asÃi wetsöÎ nà˙etsöeehdÃi d·Î chapel: lamÀhkÎ, yahtikÎ go‡chà-lea, yahtikÎ go‡tsà-lea cassette recorder: wetöà yati ÃchÃi, wetöà yati ÃtsÃi (be) chapped: eeköÀ cast iron pot: kwet· charcoal: töÀÀ, töÀÀ kÎkwiÃ, töÀhkÎ cast iron stove: kwe satsÎ chase: yedeezi, yedeezhi Castor Lake: WeköÀ¯etsöadzÃi TÃ, WeköÀ¯etsöajÃi TÃ chase around: köeyeezo, köeyeezho cat: mÕlanÎdaà chase out: kàdeyeezhi, xàdeyeezi, xàdeyeezhi catalogue: weköe asÃi katsöeehtii en‡ht¯öÀÀ (be a) chatter: wewà ¯· catch: dayeechi, dayeetsi chatter: (one person) s·nàdaewo catch again using a hook: nayehdzÃ, nayehjÃ (be) cheap: dÀtÃ-le catch fish in a net: ¯iwe elÃ cheat: yegh·yae˙à catch with a snare or net: yelÃ check over: yeköaehta, yeköaeta catch with hook: yehdzÃ, yehjÃ checkers: eköÀatöaa caterpillar: ‡töÎgÕÕ cheekbones: go‡nÃkwö·Î caterpillar tractor: köàgÕo cheeks: go‡nÃhkwÎ cattail: t¯öoköàhwhiÃ (be) cheery: wegha sÃgoÀtö‡ (be) caught in a net: (fish) ¯iwe eh¯Ã cheque: cheÀ, tseÀ caulk: yedzÀ (be) cherished: wegh·nihoÀt· cause: ayele cherry: dzÃe deköoo, jÃe deköoa, jÃe deköoo cause (him/her/it) to do it again: anayele chest area: godzeÀta cave: dÀ goyÃi gÎ·˙àa, kweyÃi, kweyÃi e˙··, kweyÃi goÀ˙àa chest of the body: godziÃwiÃ cavity: goghÕÕ ‡hdzii, goghÕÕ ‡hjii 151 chest pain: godziÃwiÃ eya Christmas concert: Taati DzflÈ chekoa s·nàgedÀe, Taati DzflÈ tsekoa s·nàgedÀe chest x-ray: godziÃwiÃ en‡ht¯öÀÃchÃi, godziÃwiÃ en‡ht¯öÀÃtsÃi Christmas Eve mass: Taati, Toyati chew: köayee˙à church: lamÀhkÎ, yahtikÎ chew on: whàyÀh˙·, yeköego˙à cigarette: en‡ht¯öÀwÕ tsöetöÃi, tsöetöÃi chewing gum: dzÀh köatsöee˙àa cigarette lighter: tsöetöÃi natsöeÀhköÎfi chewing tobacco: tsöetöÃi dzÀÀ cigarette smoke: tsöetöÃiloÕ chicken: köàbacho, köàbatso, köàmbacho, mÕla cigarette tobacco: en‡ht¯öÀ tsöiÃkwia, en‡ht¯öÀwÕ köàmbaà tsöiÃkwia chicken pox: go˙ÎÎ xà˙aa, gokwÎ köe nÃÃt¯öÃi, tàda circle: etsöaÀhmÎ· deköoa cities: kàyenÍ‡la, xàgonÍ‡la, xàyenÍ‡la chief: ekwöahti, kwöahti, kwöahtideÀ city: kÎ godeÀ, mÕlanÀköe chief hunter: nàzÀe gha köàowo civil servant: dÀetsöÎ köàowo cheekeÀ, dÀetsöÎ child: chekoa, goza, gozha, tsekaa, tsekoa köàowo tseekeÀ children: chekoa, gohkÈfl, gokÈfl, tsekaa, tsekoa classroom: hoghàet·· kÎ (be) chilled: w‡Íhköà claw: elag·Î (be) chilly: (area) gÕköÕ clay: eht¯öÀ, ¯ÀdzÀ chin: eÀhdà, goÀdà clay jug: kwet· Chinese checkers: mÕla köaÀtöaa clean: köena˙ehtse, köenaehtse, seÀyele, siÃyele chinook: sahtÃ eda (be) clean: degoo chinook wind: n‡htsöi whekÎ· clean up an area: seÀgo‡hwh·, seÀgole, siÃgo‡hwh·, siÃgole Chipewyan people: Tets·Îtö‡Í (old word) Nàhtö‡Í clear ice: t·hkwö‡Í, t·hkwöÍfi chocolate: edziedoÕg·Î, ejiedoÕg·Î clear sky: yàz· chocolate bar: edziedoÕg·fi, ejiedoÕg·fi clear space on muskeg: tsöookwö‡Í choke: edzÃ ha dÃÀ, ejÃ ha dÃÀ clerk: eköaàwia choose: yÃhchi, yÃhtsi (be) clever: edàÃyeh, edàÃzeh, edàÃzheh chop along the wood-grain: tàyeehchöi, tàyeehtsöi cliff: behköiÃ chop into pieces with heavy blows: tàyeehkà climb: (one person) dekeÃt¯a, yekeÃt¯a chop up to make wood chips: nà˙eekwÍ climb to the top: (many people) dakàgedÀ chop up with an axe: tàyeekwÍ (one person) dakàt¯a chop with an axe: nàyeekwÍ (two people) dakàge˙a Christ: Kri clinic: d·xaa kÎ, nàÀdi köÀez·· kÎ, nàÀdi köÀezh·· Christian: d· gha yahtii d·Î kÎ Christmas: Taati, Toyati clock: sadzeÀ

152 close: (single object) yeda‡˙·, yetsö·dàechi, (be) cold to touch: wheköÕ yetsö·dàetsi cold-sore: godfifi eÀköÎ (be) close by: niwà-le collar of clothing: goköakàà, köakàà close by twisting: yedaehge colleagues: e¯exÀ eghàlagiÃdÀe d·Î close the door: enÃyeechi, enÃyeetsi collect: e¯Àyeele, nàyehtsÍ close the entrance: wetsö·dàanÃ‡wa collection at church: yahti gha s·Îmba nÃtsöeelee (be) closed: colour (verb): eet¯öÀ (plural objects) enÃÀza, enÃÀzha (single object) enÀet·, enÃ‡t·, weda‡˙·, wedanÃ‡˙· (be) coloured: weköaàts‡Í closed: (prefix) enÀ- colours from sunset: nà˙etsÍ closet: asÃi tsöeh¯aa kÎa, gohtö· dawhelaa köÀ, Colville Lake: KöàbaÀtÃ, KöàmbadzÃhtÃ, KöàmbaÀtÃ, gohtö· tsöeh¯aa kÎa KöàmbajÃhtÃ, KöàmbamÍhtÃ cloth: ˙eht¯ö‡ comb: kwÃtsöÃi clothes: gohtö·, gozÃÃ, gozhÃÃ comb (it): yetsöÃ clothesline: gohtö· dawhelaa t¯öiÃ, gohtö· t¯öiÃ Comb Island: DikwÃtsöÃ clothes-pin: wetöà gohtö· e¯‡Í˙aa Comb Island Bay: DikwÃtsöÃ T¯öà cloud: köoh come: ade cloudberry: n·dlàa, gotsö·kà come about: (situation) nÃhÕkwöi, nÃkwöi clouds clearing away: yàz· et¯a come again: anade club: xàà come back to life: naÃda club (him/her/it): nàyeehxà come down: (one or two people) hodàet¯a, k‡dàet¯a club each other: köe¯eghà come into focus: kÀgoÀhtöÍ, xÀgoÀhtöÍ clubs in cards: köàba, köàmba come out: kà˙a, kàde, kàeka, xà˙a, xàde, xàeka (chunky object) kà˙ah, xà˙ah cluster of birch trees: köiwÃi (many creatures) kàeh˙à, xàeh˙à cluster of trees: tsöiwÃi (one person) hàet¯a, kàet¯a, xàet¯a (plural objects) kàedÀ, xàedÀ coal: töÀÀ dÀköÎ·, töÀÀ kÎkwiÃ come out at birth: (single object) kàdeewÃ, coast: tichobàa, titsobàa xàdeewÃ coat: ˙eh come out of the water: coffee: lÃgahwhÃ (one person) tekàda, texàda coffin: dech‡t·, dets‡t·, d·kwö·Î whet·· (one or two people) tekàt¯a, texàt¯a coin: satsÎfi come to: edeköÀnahoÀhzà, edeköÀnahoÀhzhà coincidentally: dàhs·Î come to be: agode (be) cold: edza, (area) gÕköÕ come together: (liquid) nÃÃt¯öi cold (noun): dehko come up: (bile) köeÃtÎ cold country: edzanÀköe (chunky object) kà˙ah, xà˙ah 153 comedian: wegh· sÃdÃi d·Î confess sins: x·ÎdeedÀ comical: sÃdÃi confine oneself: edeköÀdÃ coming: (vehicle) ekÕÕ confirmation: d· köÀÃzee, d· köÀÃzhee, goköÀÃzee, goköÀÃzhee coming down: (one or two people) k‡dàet¯e (prefix) hodà-, (prefix) k‡dà- (be) confirmed in the church: weköÀÃze, weköÀÃzhe coming of age: tsöahtö‡‡ gÕlÀe confuse: wenaà˙Í‡ hoÀwo coming this way: (situation) hawe confused: tsöi˙Î coming towards: yenÃd·Î et¯e (be) confused: aodÀe whÃle, awedÀe whÃle, go‡z·-le, go‡zh·-le command to wait: köà (be) confused about a situation: wegha s·ni commit suicide: e¯adÃwi lagÎhtöe committee: töasÃi köe geÀhkwöee d·Î congeal: et‡ common loon: tÃcho, tÃtso conibear trap: satsÎxÕa ehdzo communion: gowàetöàa, gowàezee, gowàezhee (be) connected: e¯exiÃt· communion bread: NÎhts‡ ¯ÀtöÀ construct: gohts‡ communities: kàgoÀlaa, kàyenÍ‡laa, xàgoÀlaa, (be) contained: (liquid or grainy material) whet¯öi xàgonÍ‡laa, xàyenÍ‡laa container: t· community freezer: t·hkÎ (be) content with: yegh· hÕtöa masÃ niw· community hall: dagowo kÎ continue to divorce: Înayeede (be) comparable to: aÀh¯‡ continuously: aatsö·tsöÎ, datsö·tsöÎ (be) competent: nàghÕÕ Contwoyto Lake: KÎköetÃ compile: e¯Àyeele convenient: tsöatà complain: nàyaehti, s·Î adi, whàadi cook (noun): bÕxàehtöÀe, bÕxàehtöÀe d·Î, mbÕ complain to: yetsöÎ s·adi, yetsöÎ s·Î adi kàehtöÀe, mbÕ kàehtöÀe d·Î, mbÕ xàehtöÀe, mbÕ complaints: s·Î xàehtöÀe d·Î complete: ahxe cook (verb): bÕ kàehtöÀ, bÕ xàehtöÀ, mbÕ kàehtöÀ completed: hÕtöa, kÕtöa, xÕtöa cook (intransitive verb): etöÀ completely: deghàà cook (it): yehtöÀ computer: satsÎ edegha eet¯öÀe cook by stewing: yehche, yehtse (be) concerned: nànietÃ (be) cooked: whetöe (be) concerned about: yegh· nàniwo cooked blood soup: edoÕ whehchàa, edoÕ concerning: wegh· whehtsàa condom: ch‡fiwÕ, ts‡fiwÕ cooked meat: bÕ whetöee, bÕtöÀ, mbÕtöÀ conduct: nàowo cookie: ¯ÀtöÀ ¯ek·fi coney: ghoÕle, weÀle, wiÃle, woÕle cooking pot: weyÃi naebee t·Î conference: e¯etsöeÀhdÃi cooking stick: geh 154 (be) cool: wheköÕ cow with calf: e¯ezaake, e¯ezhaake coot: kwoh cow-hide: edziewÕ, ejiewÕ copper: satsÎ dekwoo cowboy boots: kaobokÀ copy: yeköaÀ˙‡, yexÀ˙‡ cowboy hat: tsöah mahkà cord for starting a motor: t¯eht¯öiÃ coyote: dÃgatsoa, n·ditsoa cord of wood: tsogheÀ, tsoyeÀ crack in rock: kwekàagee cork: weda‡˙··, wedanÃ‡˙·· (be) cracked: eeköÀ, nàetÎ corner: yeedzÃi, yeodzÃi cracked ice: t· ehtÍ‡ corner of a house: kÎ goedziÃ, kÎ goejiÃ cracker: ¯ÀtöÀhg·, ¯ÀtöÀhg· det·-lea corner of a structure: goedziÃ, goejiÃ craft store: nàedlii kÎ corner of the mouth: gowàht¯öà craggy rock: kwekàachöiÃ, kwekàatsöiÃ corpse: d·kwö·Î, d·weÀ, gokwö·Î cranberry: ‡t¯öÎ corridor: dexagoÀ˙àa crane (bird): dee, dere, nÎchaa, nÎtsaa, ÕÕ˙a cotton: lÃgodÎ crank up: ‡dÕo yeede cotton fabric: lÃgodÎ crawl around: köechöÃ, köetsöÃ (one animal) köegoo couch: weköe tsöeÀhkwöee crawl over: yeteechöÃ, yeteetsöÃ cough (noun): dehko crawling back: naechöÃ, naetsöÃ cough (verb): deko, naeko, nako (be) crazy: go‡z·-le, go‡zh·-le, wekwÃ go‡z·-le, cough medicine: dehko nàÀdi wekwÃ go‡zh·-le could not find: yeka whÍÍ ajà, yexa whÍÍ adzà, yexa crazy: ez‡, ezh‡, ezh‡ne whÍÍ ajà Cree: Edà, Endà count: yehtà creek: dehtsoa count (things) together: e¯exÀyihtà creep out: (many creatures) kàeh˙à, xàeh˙à count again: nayehtà crematorium: d·kwö·Î köeeköÎ· kÎ country: dÀ, nÀ, ndÀ crib: bebÃa daÀhteÀ (be) courageous: wedzeÀ nàtso cribbage: dech‡ weköenà‡˙aa, dets‡ weköenà‡˙aa courthouse: nàyaetii kÎ cribbage peg: dech‡ weköenà‡˙aa, dets‡ courting each other: e¯exÀ agetö‡ weköenà‡˙aa cousins: gÕetö‡ criminal: d·dzii, d·jii, d·jire cover (it): yedaÀchi, yedaÀtsi criticize: cover with cloth object: yeköe nÃye˙ah (plural actors) yeköadaedÀ cover with cloth objects: yeköe nÃyele (single actor) yeköadaewo covering: weda‡t··, wedanÃ‡t·· crooked: t¯öàköe cow: edzie, edzietsöÀ, edzire, ejie, ejietsöÀ, ejire (be) crooked: whezÕ cow moose: dedÃidetsöÀ crooked path: t¯öàköe goÀ˙à, t¯öàköe goÕ˙à 155 cross (noun): dech‡etöaa, dets‡etöaa, eköÀtehtsÕo cut into strips: nàyekwÕ cross fox: n·gÀechöàhotö‡, n·gÀetsöàhotö‡ cut off: yeköeetöà cross-piece of boat: ‡te (be) cut on the flesh: gokwÎ ehtöà crossed over each other: eköÀte (be) cut out: kàtöà, xàtöà crosswind: eköÀte nawhehtsöii, eköÀten‡htsöiÃ cut out: kàyeehtöà, kàyeetöà, xàyeehtöà, xàyeetöà crow: tatsÎgaà cut patterns: sinÃyehtöà crowberry: ts·htöÀ cut the hair off of: xayeetöà crowd: donedeÀ, d·deÀ cut up: köe˙ehtöà, köeetöà, köeyeetöà, nàyetöà, crown of the head: gokwÃtöa (be) cruel: w‡nÃahÎ·töÀ crumbs of: -gwÃa, -gwÃi cry: etse cry with anger: tsediÃchöÀ, tsediÃtsöÀ English cuffs: gÎÎmbàa dfifi, köÎmbàa dfifi cultivate: (plants) yeehse, yeehshe culture: nàowo dad: abà, atà, babà,d età cup: libÕ dairy farmer: edzie köÀdÃi, ejie köÀdÃi cup handle: libÕch‡Í, libÕts‡Í dam: ˙Àh, deh daÀhzaa, deh daÀhzhaa cupboard: kwöàköÀ (be) dammed: daÀzah, daÀzhah curfew officer: to köedaa (be) damp: yaazea nawhehtso (area) gotsoÕ curl: ehtsöÕ dance (noun): dagowo curling rink: t· köe kwe geehsÃi köÀ dance (verb): (be) curly: ehtsöÕa (many people) dagohwho curly hair: kwÃgha ehtsöÕa (one person) dat¯o current of a river: den‡‡l‡ dance hall: dagowo kÎ curtain: edzaköÀ enÃ‡töii, ejaköÀ enÃ‡töii dance leader: dagowo gha köàowo curve around: etsöawhe˙a dance song: dagowo z‡Í, dagowo zh‡Í (road) etsöagoÀ˙à dandruff: gokwÃlÀ curve in the road: ehtsöagoÕ˙àa (be) dangerous: wechöà hoej‡, wetsöà hoedz‡ custom: nàowo dark: to, too cut (intransitive verb): etöà (be) dark: dez· cut (transitive verb): kàyehwhe, xàyehwhe, yetöà (an area) goez· (be) cut: ehtöà dark clouds: köohchöiÃ, köohtsöiÃ cut again: nayetöà (be) dark outside: togodiÃt¯öÕo, togoÃt¯öÕo cut in half: ¯adàyeehwhe darkness: to, togodiÃt¯öÕo, togoÃt¯öÕo, too, xÀh 156 darn: kö·Îyeet¯ö‡ Dene way: d· köÈÈ daughter: gotÃ dent: weyÃi goÍht¯e daughter-in-law of a woman: gochàa, gotsàa dentist: goghÕÕ ghàlaedaa d·Î, goghÕÕ kàlee d·Î, goghÕÕ köaehtaa d·Î, goghÕÕ xàlee d·Î dawn: gobaa, gombaa deposit: (plural objects) nÃyele dawning: edaÀhka desert: ekÃika nÀköe day: dzfl, dzflfl deserted house: kÎ gokwö·Î day after tomorrow: eköÀdaedzflÈ, sach· gosach·Î, sats· gosats·Î desire: yeniw· day of birth: gogÎh¯‡‡ dzflÈ desk: ladà daybreak: Ãhka destroy: tsÍyehwhi daylight: dzfl, dzflfl detergent: dat¯e nàedoo deacons: yahti töÎ dÀhkwöee Dettah: TöÀ˙ehdaà dead or burned tree, still standing: tsowà tso devil: edàe¯‡‡, edàe¯‡nÃ, wee¯‡‡, wee¯‡ni deadfall trap: dech‡ ehdzoÕ, dets‡ ehdzoÕ devilös child: edàe¯‡‡za, edàe¯‡‡zha deadfall tree: dÀÀt·· dew: dahtÃ, dÀ nahzoo, dÀeköe goÀzoo deadfall trees: dÀÀlaa diabetic: sÃga godoÕ el‡‡ (be) deaf: godziÃ whÃle diamond mineral: kwe degoo s·Îmbaà death: d·weÀ, goweÀ diamonds in cards: ligàà deceased: -nÍ‡ diaper: bebÃa kw·fi, bebÃa kw·Î, chekoa kw·fi, chekoa kw·Î, kw·fi, tsekoa kw·Î December: Taati Zaà, Toyati Zaà (old word) bebÃa kwöaà deeds: nàowo diaper-moss: kwöah (be) deep: det· diaper-moss bag: kwöahwÕ (water) tago‡hwhàà diaphragm: goch·ÎhgoÕ, gots·ÎhgoÕ deep darkness: xÀh nàtsoo, xÀhyi, xÀhzhi diarrhea: ti go˙Î· atö‡, tih¯‡‡ deep into (postposition): weyÃitsöÎ dice: ekwöÎfi deep snow: zah det··, zhah det·· die: (single object) e¯aÀwi, e¯·Îwi deep water: tanÃiwhàà die of exposure: ehdli defend: yeköedaedi die out (fire): dekwi, naekwi defend oneself with words: edeköedaedi different: e¯ad‡‡ (be) delicious: ¯ek· (be) different from each other: eköÀchöahÕtö‡, Deline: DÀl‡‡ eköÀtsöahÕtö‡ den: e˙··, kweyÃi e˙·· different types: e¯eköÀchöa xà˙aa, e¯eköÀchöaÕtö‡‡, Dene culture: d· nàowoÕ e¯eköÀtsöa xà˙aa, e¯eköÀtsöaÕtö‡‡, hà˙aa, kà˙aa, Dene language: d· köÈÈ, d· yatiÃ kàà˙aa, xà˙aa, xàà˙aa Dene people: done, d· differently: e¯ad‡Í 157 (be) difficult: dezÃ, dezhÃ, wÀedi-le, wÀhoedi-le divorce again: Înayeede dig out: kàyege, xàyege divorce each other: Î¯egeede dig with claws/nails: kàgotsöÕ (be) dizzy: wenazÃi ho‡z‡-le, wenazhÃi ho‡z‡-le diphtheria: goköà tàda do: ade, atö‡, ayele, köehoe˙a Dipper (stars): whÎ go˙Ãhtsöaa, whÎ köoÃhtsöaa do again: anade director of stores: eköaàwideÀ do again to (him/her/it): anayele dirt: dÀ, eht¯öÀ, ndÀ, tsöÀtö·Î, tsöÎtö·Î do artwork: deköenÀyeet¯öÀ dirt on the scalp: gokwÃts·Î do for oneself: edegha nez‡Í atö‡ dirty water: tichöiÃ, titsöiÃ do in front of: yedaà hayele disciple: wecheekeÀ, wetseekeÀ do it to (him/her/it): ayele discipline (him/her): nàyeh˙· do it to (him/her/it) repeatedly: ayeh˙‡ discover: yegÕh˙à do research: nàowo e¯Àele (be) discovered: wegÕÃtöà do righteously: ehkwöi nàhoehwho Discovery: Wetsö· Nà‡l‡‡ TÃ do so: hayele, kayele discuss at length: nàyaehti do that to (him/her/it): hayele, kayele disease: tàda do what?: dàayele dish: kwöà do without: wedfl dish soap: kwöà dat¯eÀ dock: dech‡ehka, dets‡ehka, elàköÀ, tsöiköÀ dishcloth: tewhehchÃi doctor: nàÀdi köÀez··, nàÀdi köÀezh··, nàÀdi köÀÀzh·· dishpan: kwöàtsoa dog: t¯‡ dish towel: dehsÎ·, dehshÎ·, d·hsÎ·, d·hshÎ·, kwöà dehsÎ·, kwöà dehshÎ·, kwöà d·hsÎ·, kwöà dog bells: t¯‡ÍlÃ d·hshÎ· dog bite: t¯‡ kàyÍ‡hdoo köÀ, t¯‡ xàyÍ‡hdoo köÀ dislike: yenÀÀl‡-le dog chain: t¯‡t¯öiÃ dislocated: xàch‡deÀwÕ, xàts‡deÀwÕ dog collar: t¯‡m·Ît· disregard: ÎyeehsÃ, ÎyeehshÃ dog harness bag: t¯‡yeÀwÕ (be) distant: g··wà dog in front of the wheel dog: t¯‡ behch‡Í töÎ whet‡‡ distribute (food) among the people: d·taàyeedi nakweÀ whet‡‡, t¯‡ behts‡Í töÎ whet‡‡ nakweÀ whet‡‡ distribute amongst ourselves: e¯etaàtsöeedi dog pen: kw‡Í, t¯‡kw‡Í (be) distributed: nàzÀ, nàzhÀ dog whip: t¯‡ dekwaà ditch (noun): dÀ yÃi goÀgÀe, ndÀ kà‡gÀe, ndÀ dog-barker: (old word) t¯‡rehxoo xà‡gÀe, tichöa, t‡chöa, t‡tsöa dogcatcher: t¯‡ nàhtsÍ‡ d·Î dive: (one or two people) tet¯a doghouse: t¯‡kÎ divide by tearing: ¯atsöiyehchöi, ¯atsöiyehtsöi dogpack: t¯‡yeÀ divided in half: tani tsöÎ Dogrib: T¯‡ch· divorce (him/her): Îyeehxà 158 Dogrib language: d· köÈÈ, d· yatiÃ downward: (prefix) nÀ-, nÃ- Dogrib people: T¯‡ch· gotö‡Í down-wind: n‡htsöi köÀÀ, n‡htsöi köÈÈ dogsled: t¯‡ behch‡Í, t¯‡ behts‡Í (be) drafty: goya‡hköà dogteam: t¯‡ behch‡Í töà‡laa, t¯‡ behts‡Í töà‡laa drag around: köeyedli dogteam trail: behch‡Í et·, behch‡Í t‡liÃ, behts‡Í et·, drag back and forth: egh·Îyeedli behts‡Í t‡liÃ, mbehch‡Í et·, mbehch‡Í et·Î, mbehch‡Í dragging along: nayahsÕ t‡liÃ, mbehts‡Í et·Î, mbehts‡Í t‡liÃ dragonfly: gotÃwh‡Í, gotsÀwh‡fi, gotsÀwh‡Í, takakwöiÃ doing it to (him/her/it): ayeh˙‡ draw: deköenÀyeet¯öÀ doing that: hatö‡, katö‡ drawer: k·ÎtsöehsÕa doll: en‡ht¯öÀd·fi (be) drawn across: nawhetöi dollar: s·Îmba dream: nàte donöt allow it!: welÀ sÎÎ dress: ˙eh don’t let it happen!: welÀ sÎÎ dress (him/her): nÃyeedi, yeköe nÃye˙ah done: hÕtöa, kÕtöa dress (him/her) again: gohtö· yÃi nayehtÀ (be) done: adle dresser: gohtö· weyÃi whelaa, k·ÎtsöehsÕa (be) done again: anadle (be) dried: naedzà, naejà donkey: t¯‡choa, t¯‡tsoa dried apples: gotsö·hdzeÀ donut: ¯ÀtöÀhghÍfi, ¯ÀtöÀhyÍfi dried birch bark: köiwà, kö‡fihkwöà door: enÀet·, enÃ‡t·, t‡‡dà dried brown soft sap on green birch: t¯öehtöàa door bolt: wetöà enÃ‡˙aa dried lake bed: elÀ doorknob: enÃ‡t· köe whe˙·· drifting soft snow: zah e¯eehtsii, zhah e¯eehtsii doorknobs: enÃ‡t· köe whelaa driftwood: doh, doh dae˙Õo, tàÀh¯i doorway: etsö·daà, t‡‡dà, tsoÕhgà drill: (tool) godeh double-barrel gun: kwiköÃiweÀ nàke drink: yed· double-barrel muzzle loader: kwiköÃahtöàa, kwiköÃi ahtöaà drip: (verb) detöe, -retöe double-bladed axe: gokw‡ Í¯atsöÎ weköà gÎh¯‡‡ dripping water: dahtÃ dowel: dech‡ gotsÀ, dets‡ gotsÀ drive: (a car) yeköÀdÃ, yeköÀndÃ (be) down: wegha gotsöeÀdi drive a dogteam along: köeyeezo, köeyeezho down: ‡ziÃ, ‡zhiÃ drive around: köekÕ down feathers: choh, ehchi, ehchi dÀ˙eh, ehtsi, drive dogs in a race: ehdaàt¯‡geezo, tsoh ehdaàt¯‡geezho down south: mÕlanÀköe drive over: yeteekÀ down-filled blanket: chohtsöÕ, tsohtsöÕ driver: behch‡Í köÀdÃi d·Î, behts‡Í köÀdÃi d·Î, mbehch‡Í köÀndÃi d·Î, mbehch‡Í köÀndÃi d·Î, down-stream: ‡ziÃ n‡Íl‡, ‡zhiÃ n‡Íl‡ mbehts‡Í köÀndÃi d·Î downtown: kÎ tani gÕlaa 159 driver’s license: behch‡Í köÀdÃi en‡ht¯öÀ, behch‡Í duck meat: chihkwÎ, tsihkwÎ n‡ht¯öÀ, behts‡Í n‡ht¯öÀ, mbehch‡Í köÀndÃi n‡ht¯öÀ, duckös bill: detö· eÀhdà mbehts‡Í köÀndÃi n‡ht¯öÀ duckling: chia, tsia driving: naekÕ duffel: kiÃhta drizzle: ch·gwÃa, ts·gwÃa duffel inside mitts: dzihtöaà, jihtöaà drop: wet¯öaekwöi duffel material: kiÃhtacho, kiÃhtatso droppings: tsÎ duffe coat: tsöÕ˙eÀ drought: go‡zàà, go‡zhàà duffe material: tsöÕ drown: ti töà esaade, ti töà töasaade dump (place): töasÃichöiÃ na¯aet¯öÕo köÀ, töasÃitsöiÃ drugs: nàÀdi na¯aet¯öÕo köÀ drugstore: nàÀdi nàedÃi kÎ dump (verb): na¯ayeeht¯öÃ drum: eghe, eye Duncan Lake: WeköetÃcho TÃ, WeköetÃtso TÃ drum frame: eyeech‡Í, eyeets‡Í during: weköe drumstick: eyech‡Í, eyets‡Í during the day: dzfl n‡ (be) dry: wheg· (be) dusk: nà‡xe dry (verb): dezà, dezhà, eg· dusk: gobaa gÕlÀ, gombaa gÕlÀ (clothes) nayehsà, nayehshà dust: eht¯öÀ dry (it): yehg· dustball: tsöÀtö·Î, tsöÎtö·Î dry loose tea: lidÃzàa, lidÃzhàa dwellers of: gotö‡Í dry spruce branch used as kindling: dehkwöii dye: (be) dry to the taste: ‡kwà (noun) wetöà asÃi diÃdii dry willow: köàhdzàa (verb) diyiÃhdi dry wood: tso dynamite: wetöà kwe nàeköÀe dry-meat: mbÕg·Î dry, half-dead spruce: tsöikwa Drybone Bay: KöÕÕtÃache T¯öà, KöÕÕtÃatse T¯öà, English KöÕÕtÃdeÀche dryer: wetöà gohtö· naedzàa, wetöà gohtö· naejàa dryfish: ehgwàa each: wexÀet¯· (be) drying: eg· e each one of two: a¯aköaà, Í¯aköaà drying rack inside a tent: dzehtÍ each other: e¯e- drymeat: bÕg·Î, mbÕg·Î eagle: detö·cho, detö·tso drywood: tso wheg··, tsoba, tsomba ear: godziÃ, godzeÀbàa, godzeÀmbàa drywood without bark: ¯aàhköe ear tags on animals: t‡chöaàdÃi dzeÀbàa köe satsÎ duck: detö· whelaa, t‡tsöaàdÃi dzeÀbàa köe satsÎ whelaa duck egg: detö·yÀ 160 ear wax: godziÃhtöoÕ egg carton: eyÀht· earache: godziÃhkwö·Î eya egg shell: eyÀhkwö·Î early: h‡whfiË, ‡whaà, ‡whfiË, k‡whfiË eight: eköÀd‡ early dawn: Àhk· eighteen: hoÕn· daatsöÎ eköÀd‡ early morning light: gobaa gÕlÀ, gombaa gÕlÀ eighty: eköÀd‡Àn· early November: t·tsoa köe either way: ehköÈÈ early spring: t·tsöÃ köe elbow: eehgÕ, goehgÕ early summer: ¯iköÀ elbow (him/her/it): yechöagÕehge, yetsöagÕehge earmuffs: godzeÀbàa köe whelaa, godziÃ köe whelaa elbowcap: goehgÕdzeÀ earrings: godzeÀbàa köe whelaa, godziÃ köe whelaa, elder: ehdz·, ehj·, ·hdah, ·hndah godziÃhliÃ elderly woman: tsöÀko ·hdaà earth: dÀ, dii nÀköe, haz·Î nÀköe, hazh·Î nÀköe, elders: go˙·hdaà ndÀ elect: eköÀtehtsÕo hoh¯À earth medicine: dÀegh· nàÀdi electric drill: eköaÀkö·t¯öiÃ godeh east: köàbatsÎÎ, köàmbatsÎÎ electric stove: satsÎköÎ· east wind: köàbatsÎÎ n‡htsöiÃ, köàmbatsÎÎ n‡htsöiÃ electrical wires: eköaÀkö·t¯öiÃ Easter: NaÃdadzflÈ, Saat¯o Zaà, Sadat¯o Zaà electricity: ediikÎt¯öiÃ, eköaÀkö·, yÀdiikÎ, yÃÃdiikÎ Eastern Arctic: kwin‡htsöi tsö·ÎhköÀ eleven: hoÕn· daatsöÎ ‡¯À (be) easy: dezÃ-le, dezhÃ-le Elizabeth Lake: IlabÀ TÃ eat: ye˙à (many objects) yedÀ elsewhere: ‡˙ÎÎ (one or two actors) sÀt‡, shÀt‡ (be) embarrassed: ÀÀzhael‡, ÍÍzael‡, ÍÍzhael‡ (plural actors) sÀze, shÀzhe (repeatedly) naye˙à (be) embarrassed about: yegh· ÀÀzael‡, yegh· ÀÀzhael‡, yegh· ÍÍzhael‡ eat again: nasÀt‡, nashÀt‡ (be) embarrassed by: yegh· enÀdz·, yegh· enÀj· eat up: xayeeöà embers: kÎkwiÃ eat up a little bit at a time: eghàyaa˙à embroidery thread: lahsÃi echo off of: wexÀwherÃht‡ Emile River: HozÃi DeÀ eclipse: sa ehtöÎrÀ˙aa, sa töaÍ˙· employment cheque: eghàlatsöeedaa cheÀ, eddy: ˙oorÃköÀ, ˙orÕköÀ, chaÀhdl‡‡, charÀhdl‡‡, deh eghàlatsöeedaa tseÀ chaÀhdl‡‡, deh tsaÀhdl‡‡, ehtsöaraal‡‡, tsaÀhdl‡‡ empty: wekwö·Î edge: webàa, weköabàa, wembàa (suffix) -kwö·Î edge of the water: tibàa empty (it) of liquid: kàyeede, xàyeede Edmonton: MÕla NÀköe, MÕlai NÀköe empty bottle: nàÀdit·hkwö·Î education: en‡ht¯öÀkÎ, hoghàgoet·· empty campsite: kÎköÀ Edzo: Edzo KÎgÕlaa empty house: kÎ gokwö·Î egg: eghÀ, eyÀ empty tin can: satsÎt·hkwöÎfi 161 encircle: etsöawhe˙a everything: asÃi haz·Î, asÃi hazh·Î, haz·Î töasÃi, hazh·Î töasÃi, töasÃi haz·Î, töasÃi hazh·Î end (noun): n··de, wel· everywhere: haz·Î, hazh·Î end of time: n··de dzflÈ evidently: l·Î, n·Î engagement: e¯etsöÃhchÃi, e¯etsöÃhtsÃi evil old woman: tsö·Îko¯‡‡ engine: satsÎ et¯ee, t¯ehtsöi evil spirit: edàe¯‡‡, edàe¯‡nÃ, ‡nÃ¯‡‡, ‡nÃ¯‡ni engineer: satsÎ et¯ee köÀdÃi d·Î ewe: sahzÎfi detsöÀ, sahzhÎfi detsöÀ English custom: kwetöÍ‡ köÈÈ, kwetöÍ‡ nàowoÕ ex-chief: kwöahtideÀ ‡lÀe, kwöahtideÀzÎfi, English language: kwetöÍ‡ yatiÃ kwöahtideÀzhÎfi English way: kwetöÍ‡ köÈÈ exact: hotie, hotii English-speaking person: kweÀtö‡‡, kwetö‡Í, kwetöÍ‡ examine: yeköaehta, yeköaeta enjoy: wegha nez‡ exchange: eno: nàÀdi eehxoo (animate object) ehdayehtÀ (be) enough: köÀÀt¯·, xÀÀt¯· (cloth object) ehdayee˙ah, ehdayehchih, ehdayehtsih enough: deghàà, hÕtöa, kÕtöa (many objects) ehdayeewa entrance: etsö·daà (parcel or heavy object) ehdayeehxe (plateful) ehdayeka entrance of house or tent: tsoÕhgà (plural objects) ehdayeele entry: enÃ‡t· köÀ deghagoÀ˙àa (rigid object) ehdayeet‡ (be) envious of: yetsöÎ da‡˙ah Exclamation: hanÃhÕ, hanÃkÕ, kanÃkÕ envy: yetsöÎ da‡˙ah excrement: tsÎ epilepsy: edoo tàda excuse me!: ak·Î, ek·Î (be) equal: e¯exÀhtöe, e¯Àhtöe executive members: köàodÀe deÀ escape from (his/her) hands: yet¯öaet¯a exert oneself: etöÃ esker: whatöà exhortation: yati nàtsoo Eskimo: HoteÀdà, Xotendà exist: gÎh¯‡ (situation) hÕ˙· esophagus: godzah exit: xàgoÀ˙àa, xàgoÕ˙àa even: hÕ, kÕ, xÕ expect: yexàeli even though: hÕ, kÕ, xÕ (be) expensive: dÀtÃ evening: xÀhtsöÎ Expression asking for agreement or comment: Evening Star: weköÀahkaa, whÎ köÀahkaa haàa, hfiËfi ever since the first time: töaatsö· tsöÎ, töahotsö· Expression emphasizing the identity of gotsöÎ someone: xàà, xàÀ, xàrÀ every: taàtöe, taËtöe, tanÀtöe, taÎtöe, -xÀet¯· Expression for greeting people and saying every so many: -xÀet¯· goodbye: mahsÃ, masÃ everybody: d· haz·Î, d· hazh·Î, d· h·töiÃ Expression for telling time: -gh· nÀni˙·, -gh· everyone: haz·Î, hazh·Î nÃ‡˙·, nÃ‡˙· 162 Expression for the absence of a thing or shÃa n‡‡˙àa experience: whÃle extinguish: nayehkwi Expression for whoever is speaking: s‡ extreme cold: edzadeÀ, edzandeÀ Expression indicating that an unexpected eye: godaà, gondaà action happened: n‡Ílà, n‡Ílà sÍÍ, n‡ÍlÀ sÍÍ eye ailment: godaà eya Expression of agreement or understanding: hfl˙fl eye doctor: godaà gha nàÀdi köÀez··, godaà gha nàÀdi köÀezh··, godaà köaehtaa d·Î Expression of amazement: etsoÕ eye mucus: gonaxeÀ Expression of an easy-going attitude: hÕ, kÕ eye of a needle: dat‡ht¯öà Expression of disagreement: Íle eye twitch: godaà edaa, gondaà endaa Expression of lack of knowledge: s·ni eyeball: gonageÀ, gonaliÃ Expression of not knowing what will happen: s·naà, sÎ eyebrow: gonabeeghà Expression of politeness in request or eyebrow pencil: wetöà gonagoÕ tsöeet¯öÀe command: n· eyelash: gonagoÕ Expression of questioning about what eyelid: gonawÕ happened or will happen: s·naà, s·Îni Expression of shock or disgust: edÃ de˙ÎÎ Expression of surprise: là Expression of the idea that things are not the way they seem: làanÃ-le English Expression said in a crowd: ak·Î, ek·Î Expression of the expectation of more information or action: edÃ Faber Lake: SemÍ TÃ, SimÍ TÃ Expression to emphasize uncertainty or f hoping: elÃ, lÃ, welÃ, wilÃ fabric clothing: mÎlaizÃÃ, mÎlaizhÃÃ Expression to get people moving: hoÕ fabricate: yehts‡ Expression used as an abusive word: edàe¯‡‡, face (noun): go‡nÃ, gonÃ edàe¯‡‡za, edàe¯‡‡zha face (verb): na˙a Expression used to scare children: m·Î facial twitch: go‡nÃ edaa, go‡nÃ endaa Expression warning of action which should not facing: wenÃd·Î happen: sÎÎ facing each other (postposition): e¯enÃd·Î extend: ni˙à, whe˙a (a road) goÀ˙à, goÕ˙à, (a trail) et· ni˙à facing the wind: n‡htsöi dàà extend across or around: nawhe˙a factor of a trading company: eköaàwideÀ extend around: (a road) etsöagoÀ˙à faint: edeköÀhoÀhzà-le, edeköÀhoÀhzhà-le extend around in a circle: tad·ni˙à faith: go‡nÃ, gonÃ extend in a circle: tad·whe˙a falcon: tatsea, tatsehtsoa extended rock ridge: kwekàa sÃa n‡‡˙àa, kwekàa 163 fall: nàt¯öÃ, (one person) daÀkwöih father-in-law: go˙eh fall asleep: detÀ favour: yetsöÎ s·niw· fall down: (be) favoured: wegh· s·ho‡w·, wegh· s·honiw· (heavy object) hodàekÀ fear: yechöàej‡, yetsöàedz‡ (plural objects, liquid or powder) hodàet¯öÃ, k‡dàet¯öÃ (single object) hodàdeewÃ, hodàekwöih, k‡dàekwöih, (be) feared: wechöà hoej‡, wetsöà hoedz‡ nàkwöi feast: nàs‡ fall from (his/her) hands: wet¯öaekwöi feather: töah fall in water: feather for arrow: köÍtöaà (cloth object) tede, (single object) tedeewÃ, tekwöi feathers: choh, tsoh, wechoÕ, wetsoÕ fall out of an enclosure: (plural objects) kàet¯öÃ, xàet¯öÃ, February: Sa NeköÎfi (single object) kàdeewÃ, kàekwöi, xàdeewÃ, xàekwöi (be) fed: wewàhÕdi fall-time: xatöÎ feed (noun): wediÃ, wendiÃ (be) fallen down: (heavy object) hodàÀhkeh feed (verb): yeghà˙eedi, yewà˙eedi, yewàedi fallen tree: tsöi edeÀyÀe feel: yexÀedÃ, yÀedÃ falling star: whÎ hodàdeÀhwhÕo feel bad about oneself: edeköeel‡ family: gohkÈfl, gokÈfl, gÕetö‡ feel burdened: go‡nÃ nànietÃ family allowance: chekoa s·Îmbaà, tsekoa feel lazy: tsö·hoÀtöe s·Îmbaà feel within oneself: edeedÃ, edexÀedÃ fan: n‡htsöi ehts‡‡ female animal: detsöÀ, -retsöÀ, wetsöÀ fan a fire with a large flat object: köeyehtöah female caribou, immature: ekwÎ tsöÃda far across: ‡nàà, ‡ndàà female caribou, mature: ekwÎ detsöÀ far ahead: ‡nàà, ‡ndàà female dog: t¯‡tsöÀ (be) far away: niwà female genitals: tsöÀko kàedaa köÀ, tsöÀko far away: ‡nàà, ‡ndàà wedzagee farmland: dÀ tsö· dehsee köÀ, dÀ tsö· dehshee köÀ, female wolf: dÃgatsöÀ ndÀ tsö· dehsee köÀ, ndÀ tsö· dehshee köÀ fence: kw‡Í (be) fast: nàt¯a fence around a grave: em·Îchö·Î, em·Îtsö·Î, fast (adverb): h‡whfiË, ‡ghàà, ‡whaà, k‡whfiË d·m·Îchö·Î, d·m·Îtsö·Î fast (verb): edeg· fetus: cheko, tseko fasting day: edetsöeg·· dzflÈ fever: edi (be) fat: ¯eköà few: ¯·-lea, mÎhdaà, mÎhnaà, wÀhdaà, wÎhdaà fat (noun): eköa fiddle: t¯öiköeetÍ‡ father: abà, atà, età, gotà field: dÀ tsö· dehsee köÀ, dÀ tsö· dehshee köÀ (religious) yahti fifteen: hoÕn· daatsöÎ s‡lài Father Superior: yahti köàowo fifty: s‡làÀn· 164 fight (verb): egh· first of all: gokwed·Î, köakwe¯ÎÎ (plural actors) ehköaàdÀ, ehköàodÀ, yeköalaedÀ first time: akwe¯ÎÎ, köakwe¯ÎÎ (single actor) yeköalaewo fish: ¯ie, ¯iwe fight (him/her): yeköaàwo fish as food: ¯iekwÎ, ¯iwekwÎ fight with each other:e¯etsöeg· fish club: ¯iwexà fight with fists:yeehtöi, yihtöi fish eggs: ekö‡Í, ¯iekö‡Í, ¯iwekö‡Í file: (noun) gooköah fish fin: ¯iwetöaà (verb) nayeköà fish gall bladder: ¯iwet¯öÕÕ (be) filled with pus:whehtsöÕ fish guts: ¯iwetsöiÃ finally:n··de töà, n··deÀ fish liver: ¯iwewÕ find:yegÕh˙à fish meat: ¯iekwÎ, ¯iwekwÎ find again:nayÃÃ˙a, yenagÕh˙à fish remains: ¯iwet¯öÕÕ (be) fine situation: esagÎhtöe-le, töasagÎhtöe-le fish scales: ¯iwetöiÃ finger:golakwö·Î fish scoop: wetöà ¯iwe natsöiÃkaa fingernail:golag·Î fish shack: ¯iekÎfi, ¯iwekÎfi fingertips:golakwö·Îl· fish slime: ¯iwet¯öÀÀ finish:en·töe, yegh· en·töe, yegh· n·töe fish spear: lahwh‡ (be) finished:enahÎtöe fish tail: ¯iwechÀ, ¯iwet¯öà, ¯iwetsÀ finishing nail:gotsÀa fish trap: ˙Àh fire: kÎ fisherman: ¯iwe köàowoo d·Î fire (him/her): Îyeede, Îyeehxà fishermen: ¯iwe köàodÀe d·Î fire a shot: eehköÀ fishfly: ¯iwedÃa, ¯iwendÃa fire extinguisher: wetöà kÎ naekwii fishhook: dzÃh, jÃh fire has died down: kÎ nÃÃkö· fishhook, smaller: dah˙ah fire station: kÎ naehkwii kÎ fishing hole in ice: mÍhköÀ (be) fired: Îede fishing place: mÍhköÀ firefighter: kÎ naehkwii d·Î fishing rod: dah˙ahch‡Í, dah˙ahts‡Í firestarter: t¯öetsöekwÍ‡ fit (him/her/it): wexÀ˙Íhz·, wexÀ˙Íhzh·, wexÀÍhzh· firestone: t¯öetsöekwÍ‡ five: s‡lài fireweed: gÎh fix: seÀyele, siÃyele firewood: tso fix up an area: seÀgole, siÃgole first:dakwe, dakwe¯ÎÎ, dakwetöà, gokwe ÀtöiÃ, (be) fixed: seÀdle, siÃdle nakwe¯ÎÎ, töakwe flag: yal·hbàà, yÀlambàà first clear ice:t·hkwö‡Í, t·hkwöÍfi flames: kÎwoÕ first in time:töakwetöà 165 flank: ech·Î, ets·Î, goch·Î, gots·Î fly away: niÃtöa flannel blanket: tsöÕt¯Ãa fly eggs: tsöoga flannel sheet: tsöÕt¯Ãa fly larvae: yÃÃda flare out: daÀcha, daÀtsa fly out: kàtöa, xàtöa flare up: nàÃt¯oh fly round-trip: etsöaetöa flash: eeziikÎÎ naÃt¯ö‡‡, eezhiikÎÎ naÃt¯ö‡‡, naÃt¯ö‡ flying ant: e¯·hdÃi köetöaa flashlight: tehkÎ, tohkÎ flying back: naedÀ (be) flat: ‡tö·fi, (area) go‡t¯oa flying squirrel: dlÕo köetöaa flat dish: kwöàkàa Focus marker: sÃi, töaa flesh: gokwÎ Focus marker of question words: seÀ flies in general: dedzi, deji fog: ˙àh float: daele fog rising off the water: nÍzÃi, nÍzhÃi (person or animal) daebe (be) foggy: ˙àh gÎh¯‡ float away: delà follow: floating land: dahdÀgoo˙Õ, dÀ dagoo˙Õ (plural actors) giköÀedÀ, giköÀÀ edÀ (one or two actors) yeköÀÀ et¯a, yeköÀÀ köet¯o floating stick for fish net: nàwheàdlii follower: wecheekeÀ, wetseekeÀ floats for fish nets: dahli following after (postposition): weköÀÀ flood: dÀ datiÃwÃi, dÀ teÀt¯öii, ndÀ datiÃwÃi, ndÀ ti daÃwÃi, ti dÀt¯öii, ti Àt¯öii food: -diÃ, mbÕ, -ndiÃ, wediÃ, wegh· sÀtsöezee, (old word) dÀ goteÀmÎ·, dÀ teÀwÃi, ndÀ teÀwÃi wegh· shÀtsöezhee, wendiÃ floor: dech‡tÀ, dets‡tÀ food of the feast: nàs‡ floor covering: dech‡tÀ köe tÀwhehchÃi, dech‡tÀwÕ, fool (him/her): yegh· nàxoe˙à dets‡tÀ köe tÀwhehtsÃi foot: gokÀ flour: ¯À, t¯öolà¯À foot bone: gokekwö·Î flour sack: ¯ÀwÕ foot measure: gokÀ flow: n‡‡l‡ footprints: d·kÀ go˙·, ekeÀköÀ, gokeÀköÀ flow down: ‡ziÃ n‡Íl‡, ‡zhiÃ n‡Íl‡, nàewÃ footwear: dech‡ke, dets‡ke flow out: kà‡l‡, xàel‡, xà‡l‡ for: ha, weda, wegha, weka, w‡ka flow over: niÃwhel‡ for a duration: gotsöÎ flower: ‡töÎchàa, ‡töÎtsàa for a long time: whaà gotsö·, whaà gotsöÎ flower seed: wetöà ‡töÎchàa kàeshee, wetöà for a long ways: niwà gotsöÎ ‡töÎchàa xàeshee, wetöà ‡töÎtsàa kàesee for as long as: ha‡hwha tsöÎ, ka‡hwha tsöÎ (be) flowing in: weyÃewÃ for eternity: wel· whÃle tsöÎ flowing together: e¯ÀÀdl‡ for nothing: ekÃi, ekÃi ka, köÀÀt¯öÎ fly: tsöo for oneself: edegha fly around: köetöa (plural objects) köedÀ 166 for sale: nàedÃ gha Fort Wrigley: KwedzÀh KÎ (be) for sale: nàedÃ fortunately: dàhs·Î for the benefit of: wegha forty: d‡Àn· for what reason?: dàanÃ gh· (be) found: wegÕÃtöà forbears: gocho, gotso (be) found again: wenagoÀ˙à (be) forbidden: wechöàetö·, wetsöàetö· (be) found out: wegÕÃtöà forehead: gotsöabeÀ, gotsöambeÀ foundations of a house: yÃet¯öaà whet·· foreleg: egÎÎ four: d‡ foreman: eghàlagiÃdÀe gha köàowo, köàowo four times: d‡Í forest fire: dÀgoköeeköÎ fourteen: hoÕn· daatsöÎ d‡ forestry crew: kÎ naehkwii d·Î fox: n·gÀe forever: wel· whÃle tsöÎ fox skin: n·gÀewÕ forget: yenadÃ-le, yenandÃ-le foxös den: n·gÀe˙·· forget it!: wedfl hÕ, wedfl kÕ foxtail grass: t¯öoköà forgive: yegh· nahoele, yegh· naxoele (be) fractured: nàetÎ (be) forgiven: wegh· naxoeze, wegh· naxoezhe Frank Channel: Deh KöÀ (old name) KöÕÕta N‡‡l‡Í fork for eating with: bÕoghoÕ, mbÕghoghoÕ freeze: fork of a river: e¯ÀÀdl‡‡, ¯atsöi‡l‡‡ (animate object) ehdli forked stick for setting fish nets: tehghÕo (intransitive verb) et‡ former chief: kwöahtideÀ ‡lÀe, kwöahtideÀzÎfi, freeze again: naet‡ kwöahtideÀzhÎfi freeze over: enÀet‡ formerly: akwee hÕ, dakwee kÕ, gokwe, töakwe freeze up: det‡ forming of personality: tsöahtö‡‡ gÕlÀe freezer: asÃi wheköÕo weyÃi whelaa, wheköÕo, Fort Chipewyan: KöàtetÃ wheköÕo nà‡˙aa, wheköÕo nechàa, wheköÕo netsàa Fort Franklin: DÀl‡‡ (be) freezer-burned: weköeeköo Fort Good Hope: Köàcho, Köàtso, Nà‡l‡‡ KÎ French people: MÕla, MÕla Gotö‡Í, MÕlai, MÕlas·Î¯‡‡ Fort Good Hope people: Köàchoetö‡Í, Köàtsoetö‡Í French Point in Rae: MÕla Ta Fort Liard: KöÕÕta‡l‡‡ fresh: deel‡Í, -gÕÕ, -reel‡Í, weel‡Í Fort McPherson: DegÀe KÎ, TsihkÎ fresh fish: ¯iwel‡Í Fort Norman: Ti¯Ãhtöa, Ti¯Ãhtöa KÎ fresh grass: t¯öoel‡Í, t¯öorel‡Í Fort Providence: YahtikÎ fresh meat: bÕ deel‡Í, bÕ weel‡Í, bÕ wel‡Í, bÕreel‡Í, (old word) YahtideÀ KÎ bÕrel‡Í, mbÕ del‡Í Fort Resolution: ¤ndààkÎ Friday: ˜iwedaidzflÈ, ˜iwetsöedÀedzflÈ Fort Simpson: E¯ÀÀdl‡‡ KÎ friend: àg‡fi Fort Smith: Dehbaacha, Dehbaatsa (be) friendly: d· nÀÀl‡, s·niw·, w‡nÃ nez‡ 167 friendly person: d· w‡nÃ nez‡‡ fuel: t¯eh, t¯eh dÀköÎ· t¯eÀ (be) friendly towards: yetsöÎ s·niw· fuel truck: t¯ebehch‡Í, t¯ebehts‡Í (be) friendly with people: d· xÀ sÃetö‡ (be) full: dàgoÀ˙·, dàgoÕ˙· friends to each other: e¯eàg‡fi full moon: adzflzah köÀnehs··, adzflzah köÀnehsh··, sa köÀÀnarÀdz··, sa köÀÀnarÀj·· frighten: yeehdz‡, yeehj‡ full sunshine: sadeÀwà (be) frightened: dedz‡, dej‡, nedz‡, nej‡ fun: sÃgoÀtö‡, s· frog: tsöali, tsöari funding: s·Îmba from: gotsö·, wegh·, wetsö· fungus on dried birch: köi t¯öehtÀ, t¯öehtÀ from (his/her) hands: wet¯öa funnel: satsÎ daÀchaa, satsÎ daÀtsaa, wetöà t¯e (be) from (his/her) perspective: kàn‡‡˙a deyÃet¯öÕo from a long time ago: whaà gotsö·, whaàtsö· funny: sÃdÃi from one to another: e¯etsöÎ fur: degh·, eghà, tsàwÕ from outside: Î·tsö· fur cheque: tsàwÕ s·Îmbaà from the beginning: töaatsö· tsöÎ, töahotsö· gotsöÎ fur coat: degh·˙eh, tsàwÕ ˙eh from the other side: Î·tsö· fur hat: tsàwÕ tsöah from time to time: sÃghfiwfiË fur jacket: tsàwÕ ˙eh front and sides of neck: goköàhts·Î fur mitts: tsàwÕ dzih, tsàwÕ jih front gunsight: köàlaÀgÀa, töae˙Ífi fur money: tsàwÕ s·Îmbaà front leg of an animal: egÎÎ fur parka: tsàwÕ ˙eh front of sled: behch‡ÍkwÃ, behts‡ÍkwÃ, mbehch‡ÍkwÃ, fur rug: degh·tÀ mbehts‡ÍkwÃ fur stretcher: weköe tsàwÕ tsöeboo front of the body: godz·, goj· fur trader: nà˙edÃi d·Î, tsàwÕ nàehdÃi d·Î frost: dÀ nahzoo, dÀeköe goÀzoo, nagÕhzo, nahzoh fur trim on hood: tsöahdfifi frost on glass: edzaköeÀzoo, ejaköeÀzoo fur trim on mocassins: tsàwÕ kechfifim·Î frost on land: goköeÀzoh nawhetöii, tsàwÕ ketsfifim·Î nawhetöii frostbite: gokwÎ et‡ fur-bearing animals: tsàwÕ (be) frosted: nahzoh furnace: satsÎ et¯ee, t¯eh dÀköÎ· satsÎÎ (be) frozen: wheli (be) furry: dehso, dehsho (be) frozen together: e¯exiÃt· further: go˙·Î fruit: dzÃetso, jÃecho future: ‡daà, nadfiË (be) frustrated: go‡nÃ köÀÀ-le Future Tense: ha fry (intransitive verb): etöÀ Future Tense + Past Tense: ha ‡lÀ fry (it): yehtöÀ frying pan: kwöàchÀ, kwöàtöÀe, kwöàtsÀ, ¯Ãhcho, ¯Ãhtso 168 gather up: nàyehtsÍ (many things) egh·Îyeewa (rigid object) egh·ÎyeetÍ English (sticks) nach‡yeele, nats‡yeele (be) gathered: (plural objects) egh·Îeze, egh·Îezhe g gauze: ˙eht¯ö‡ gear: gohtö· gaff hook: wetöà asÃi tsöÃhsÕo Germaine Lake: T¯‡ehdlii TÃ gain weight: na¯edeeköà germs: eya tsö· tàda gall bladder: got¯öÕÕ get a static sound: eehxà gall-stone: got¯öÕÕ yÃi kwe dehsee, got¯öÕÕ yÃi kwe dehshee get angry: naÃchöo, naÃtsöo gallon: lÃgalÎ get away from: yet¯öaet¯a galvanized tub: lÃdziwÃ, lÃjiwÃ get better: köaàtöÃi ade game warden: asÃi chöà˙·· d·Î, asÃi tsöà˙·· d·Î, get carried away with: yexÀ nàÃt¯a töasÃi chöà˙·· d·Î, töasÃi tsöà˙·· d·Î get dark outside: nà‡xe game with bow and arrow: ¯àtatsöeehtÕo get dirty, for clothing: edzÀh games: s· get dressed for an occasion: (one person) garage: mbehch‡Í kÎ, mbehts‡Í kÎ sinÃeda, sinÍda garage for repairs: mbehch‡Í sigeÀh˙‡‡ kÎ, get dry: dezà, dezhà mbehts‡Í sigeÀh˙‡‡ kÎ get fat again: na¯edeeköà garbage: gokwöÕ, töasÃichöiÃ, töasÃitsöiÃ get flushed: nÃwi garbage can: t·hchöiÃ, t·htsöiÃ get frozen up in camp: wexÀ˙eht·, wexÀeht· garbage truck: töasÃichöiÃ e¯aet¯öÕo behch‡Í, töasÃitsöiÃ get grimy or sticky: edzÀh e¯aet¯öÕo behts‡Í get hot: nÃwi garden: asÃi dehsee köÀ, asÃi dehshee köÀ, dÀ goehsee köÀ, dÀ goehshee köÀ, nihse köÀ, nihshe get hurt: esade, töasade köÀ, ndÀ goehsee köÀ, ndÀ goehshee köÀ, ndÀ get into: yeyÃet¯a honehshee köÀ, ndÀ tsö· dehsee köÀ, ndÀ tsö· get loose: (single object) daegÀ dehshee köÀ, töasÃi dehsee köÀ, töasÃi dehshee köÀ get lost: dik·eke gas pump on kicker: t¯ehtöÕo (one or two people) dik·et¯a, tsöi˙Î et¯a gas station: t¯eh goghàedii köÀ get lost!: yeÀ ‡t¯e gas tank: t¯eht· get mad: naÃchöo, naÃtsöo gasline: t¯eht¯öi get out of bed: (one person) niÃt¯a gasoline: t¯eh get out of clothing: yeyÃikàet¯a, yeyÃixàet¯a gasoline for outboard motors: t¯ehtsöi t¯eÀ get pricked: weghaeka gather things: nach‡˙eele, nats‡˙eele

169 get ready: give back: (one person) sinÃeda, sinÍda (animate object) yegh·yehtÀ (one or two people) sinÃet¯a, sinÍt¯a (chunky object) yegh·yee˙à (people) sinÃtsöede, sinÃtsö‡de (cloth object) yegh·ye˙ah, yegh·yehchi, yegh·yehtsi get ripped: nàdlà (heavy object) yegh·yeehxe get rotten: tsÍwi (many things) yegh·yeewa get ruined: tsÍwi (plateful) yegh·yeeka (plural objects) yegh·yeele get scratched: weghaeka (rigid object) yegh·yeetÍ get spoiled: tsÍwi (single object) yegh·yeechi, yegh·yeetsi get tired: nÀetsÈ, nÃetsÍ give birth: bebÃa nÃhtÀ get to be: ade, adle, atö‡, Ãh¯À give birth to: nÃyehtÀ get to be again: anatöÍ give credit to: yegha eet¯öÀ get too friendly with: yexÀ nàÃt¯a give food: yeghà˙eedi get up: (one person) niÃt¯a give the authority to: yeghàhÕ˙à get used to: yeed‡, yexeed‡ give the job of: yeghàhÕ˙à get used to one another: e¯exetsöeed‡ give the silent treatment to: yechöàniw·, yetsöàniw· getting better: nez‡ adaade give to fire: (food item) kwiÃyeedi getting to be: adaade, agodaade, daàh¯À (be) given: goghà˙eedi (animate object) weghÎt‡ getting to be again: anadaade (chunky object) weghÎtöà ghost: d·tsö‡Í, ez‡Í, ez·, ezh‡Í, ezh· (plural objects) weghÎze, weghÎzhe Ghost Lake: Ez· TÃ, Ezh· TÃ (be) given a child: chekoa goÎtÀ, tsekoa goÎtÀ giant: godÈflcho, godÈfltso (be) given a task: weghàhÕ‡˙· giant owl: godÈfl wohgw‡ (be) given out: nàzÀ, nàzhÀ girl: töeekoa, tsöÀko, tsöÀkoa giving a toast: libÕ daeka girl at her first menstruation: (old word) glacier: dÀ köeÀkwö·Î, kwö·Î, ndÀ köeÀkwö·Î tsöahtöine, tsöahtö‡‡ glass: edza, eja, ejaa give: glass cleaner: edza dat¯eÀ, eja dat¯eÀ (animate object) yeghàyehtÀ, yet¯öaàyehtÀ (chunky object) yeghàye˙à, yet¯öaàyee˙à glass cutter: wetöà edza eetöàa, wetöà eja eetöàa (cloth object) yeghàyehchi, yeghàyehtsi, glass for drinking: edza libÕ, eja libÕ yet¯öaàyee˙ah, yet¯öaàyehchi, yet¯öaàyehtsi (heavy object) yet¯öaàyeehxe glass jar: edzat·, ejat· (many things) yeghàyewa, yet¯öaàyeewa glasses: daàtsöeÀhzaa, daàtsöeÀhzhaa (plateful) yet¯öaàyeeka glorious: wÀdaatö‡‡, wÀnaatö‡‡ (plural objects) yet¯öaàyeele, yeghàyele (rigid object) yeghàyetÍ glove: ladzih, lajih (single object) yet¯öaàyeechi, yet¯öaàyeetsi glue (noun): wetöà asÃi e¯iÃdzÀe, wetöà e¯iÃdzÀe, wetöà give a chance to: yeghàhÕ˙à ¯iÃdzÀe give a message to: yeda natie˙à glue (verb): dexiÃhdzÀh 170 glue (it) together: dexeyiÃhdzÀh go out to the toilet: (one person) kàeda, xàeda glue together: e¯eyiÃdzÀh (one or two people) kàet¯a, xàet¯a (be) glued again: nadzÀ go over: yeteet¯a go: ade, atö‡ go through a passageway: (one or two people) (one or two people) det¯a, nàt¯a dexaet¯a go across: (one person) n·et¯a go to get: (one or two people) yekàt¯a go after: go to sleep: detÀ (plural actors) giköÀedÀ, giköÀÀ edÀ (one or two actors) yeköÀÀ et¯a go up from the shore: (one or two people) t·et¯a go around: go up the stairs: (one or two people) dekeÃt¯a (one person) köeda goat: sahz·Î, sahzh·Î (people) köegohwho (two people) köetsöetöà goatee: weÀdàl· wedaghà gahchÀ, weÀdàl· wedaghà gahtsÀ go around holding hands: köegÕyeedi, köegÎyeedi goblet: libÕ daÀchaa, libÕ daÀtsaa go around leading (him/her) by the hand: köegÕyeedi, köegÎyeedi God: NÎhts‡ go ashore: t·e˙À, t·etöÀ Godös word: NÎhts‡ yatiÃ go astray: (one person) dik·et¯a Godchild: chekoa got¯öaà köÀtaÃdz··, tsekoa got¯öaà köÀtaÃdz·· go away!: yeÀ ‡t¯e going along: ekÕÕ go back again: x·naÃt¯a (one animal) ego go back and forth: (one or two people) et¯e, naet¯e (one person) ehtö·Înaedà going around: (prefix) köe- (vehicles) ehdaànaet¯öÕ going back by boat: nae˙À go back to sleep: naetÀ going down: (one or two people) hodàet¯e, k‡dàet¯e go different ways: ¯atsöigeedÀ (be) going to: ha go down: (one or two people) hodàet¯a, k‡dàet¯a going to a destination: (one or two people) eteet¯e go for: (one or two people) yekàt¯a going up from the shore: (one or two people) go for a walk: (one person) köeda t·et¯e go home: gold: s·Îmba dekwoo (one or two people) etaet¯a (plural actors) etatsöeedÀ (be) gone: wewhÃle go inside: (one or two people) goyiet¯a, goyÃet¯a gone: whÃle go onto: yeköe det¯a (be) gone again: nawhÃle go out: gone astray: tsöi˙Î (fire) dekwi, naekwi (be) good: mahsÃ, masÃ, nez‡ (one or two people) hàet¯a, kàet¯a, xàet¯a, kàt¯a, (many things) yànez‡ xàt¯a (plural objects) kàedÀ, xàedÀ good: -deÀ, -ndeÀ, sÃghà (be) good for: wegha nez‡ 171 Good Friday: ZezÃ E¯a‡woo DzflÈ, ZhezÃ E¯a‡woo grave: d·kwö·Î, d·kwö·Î köÀ goyÃzee, d·kwö·Î köÀ DzflÈ goyÃzhee, d·kwö·Î whet··, tsö·Îhm··, tsö·Îhm·· whet·· good times: s· gravel: ewaà, kwegwÃi, kwegwÕo, kwewa (be) good-hearted: wedzeÀ s·niw· gravel ridge: whatöà good-looking: wÀdaatö‡‡, wÀnaatö‡‡ graveyard: d·kwö·Î whelaa köÀ, d·weÀ whelaa köÀ goose: xah gray hair: kwÃgha degoo gooseberry: dahghoÕ, edaghoÕ, edaghoÕdzÃÃ, edaghoÕjÃÃ gray jay: Íhköaa, Íhköaye gooseberry bush: dahghoÕch‡Í, dahghoÕts‡Í grayling: tsöÀtö‡fi goosebumps: gokwÎ ekö‡Í làanÃ grease: t¯eetöÕo, t¯eh, t¯eh detöÕo Gordon Lake: HomÍtÃ (be) greasy: ¯ey‡ gossip: e¯exÀgotsöedo great: -deÀ, -ndeÀ got to be: adzà, agÕdzà, agÕjà, ajà Great Bear Lake: SahtÃ government: dÀegh· köàowo, dÀetsöÎ köàowo, Great Bear Lake people: SahtÃ gotö‡Í, SahtÃ Köe Hotö‡Í ndÀetsöÎ köàowo great friend: àg‡fideÀ government employee: dÀetsöÎ köàowo cheekeÀ, great hunter: nàzÀedeÀ dÀetsöÎ köàowo tseekeÀ great man: donedeÀ, d·deÀ government funding: dÀetsöÎ köàowo s·Îmbaà great mountains: sÃdeÀ, shÃdeÀ government grant: dÀetsöÎ köàowo s·Îmbaà Great Slave Lake: TideÀ, TindeÀ government official: dÀegh· köàowo, dÀetsöÎ köàowo great-grandmother: mamàcho, mamàtso grab: dayeechi, dayeetsi grebe: nÎhtà grade level: en‡ht¯öÀ, n‡ht¯öÀ (be) greedy: edÃ-le, endÃ-le grader: t‡li seÀh˙‡‡ green: ‡töÎ, ‡töÎ làanÃ, ‡töÎfi grain: t¯öolà green willow: köÕÕ dÀhdl‡ grandchild of a woman: gochàa, gotsàa green wood – spruce: tsöi dÀhdl‡ grandchild of a man: gokwi green-winged mallard: chihcho, tsihtso grandfather: babàcho, babàtso, ehtsÀe greenwood: dÀhdl‡‡ tsoÕ, tso dÀhdl‡‡ grandfather spider, a mythical creature: ehtsÀe (be) grey: dehbaa, dehmbaa köàle grey hair: ekwÃghàgaà grandmother: ehts‡, gots‡, mamàcho, mamàtso grief: xÀh nàtsoo grass: t¯öo grieve: go‡nÃ nànietÃ, nànietÃ grass tip: t¯öolà grieve over: yeköeel‡ grasshopper: köe˙ehköÀa, köereÀköe, tsöaelÎ, grill (noun): satsÎxÕa, weköeetöÀe yaehköÀ, yaehköÀa grind: nàyeede (be) grateful to: masÃ yenihwh· grindstone: kwegooköaàcho, kwegooköaàtso 172 grizzly bear: sah deköoo, sahcho, sahtso groceries: mÕlaidii, wegh· sÀtsöezee, wegh· shÀtsöezhee English ground (noun): dÀ, ndÀ ground (modifier): nàedoo grow (intransitive verb): (plants) dehse, dehshe hacksaw: wetöà satsÎh köetsöeetöàa grow (plants): yeehse, yeehshe hacksaw blade: wetöà satsÎ köetsöeetöàa webeÀ grow by oneself: deze, dezhe had a black-out: wenazÃi to agÕdzà, wenazhÃi to agÕjà grow out: kàehshe, xàehse, xàehshe hail: ‡li grow through: kàehshe, xàehse, xàehshe hailstone: ‡li grow up: deze, dezhe hair: eghà, gokwÃghà, kwÃgha growl: ‡gh· hair bangs: gotsöachÀ, gotsöatsÀ, tsöazhii grub box: kwöàt· hair curler: wetöà gokwÃghà ehtsöÕ atsöeh˙‡‡ grub sack: tehmÍ hair root: kwÃghaech‡Í, kwÃghaets‡Í grumble: s·Î adi hair tonic: kwÃt¯e grumble to: yetsöÎ s·adi, yetsöÎ s·Î adi hairdresser: gokwÃghà siÃh˙‡‡ d·Î guard (him/her/it): yehoehdi, yexoehdi hair-drier: wetöà gokwÃghà natsöehsàa, wetöà guardian angel: yaköe gotö‡Í goköÀdÃi, yaköeetö‡Í gokwÃghà natsöehshàa goköÀdÃi hairpin: gokwÃghà köe tsöeh˙·· guide: köeyeh˙‡ hairpins: gokwÃghà köe whelaa guitar: t¯öiköeetÍ‡ half: tani gum: dzÀh, dzÀhwà half of the body: goköÀÀ gummy: dzÀhkwöÕ half way: tani tsöÎ gums of the mouth: goghohkwÎ half-breed: waàköÎfi, weghaÀhköÎfi gun: kwiköÃi hammer: gotsÀlaezÃa, gotsÀlaezhÃa gun barrel: kwiköÃiweÀ hammer a nail: gotsÀ laezÃ, gotsÀ laezhÃ gun case: kwiköÃiköÎ, kwiköÃiwÕ hand: goilà, go‡là, golà gun shell: kwiÃcho, kwiÃtso hand (verb): gunshot wound: kwiÃcho köÀ, kwiÃtso köÀ (heavy object) yeghàyehxe gunstock: kwiköÃich‡Í, kwiköÃits‡Í (plateful) yeghàyeka gush: na¯aet¯öÕ (single object) yeghàyeechi, yeghàyeetsi gush out: kàet¯öÕ, xàet¯öÕ hand game: etsöidzi, idzi guts: etsöiÃ, gotsöiÃ hand lotion: goilàt¯eÀ Gwich’in people: DegÀe gotö‡Í gym: goyÃi s·nàtsöedÀe köÀ, s·nàtsöedÀe köÀ 173 hand over: happen that way: hagode (animate object) yet¯öaàyehtÀ happened: adzà, agÕdzà, agÕjà, ajà (chunky object) yet¯öaàyee˙à (situation) nÃhÕkwöoh, nÃkwöoh (cloth object) yet¯öaàyee˙ah, yet¯öaàyehchi, yet¯öaàyehtsi happened in (his/her) sight: wedaà nàhÕÀwo (heavy object) yet¯öaàyeehxe happening: gÕlÀ (many things) yet¯öaàyeewa (plateful) yet¯öaàyeeka happening that way: hagotö‡ (plural objects) yet¯öaàyeele happiness: w‡nàà, w‡nÃà, w‡nÃÃ (single object) yet¯öaàyeechi, yet¯öaàyeetsi (be) happy: s·niw·, wedzeÀ s·niw·, w‡nàà, w‡nÃà, hand-wringer for clothes: wetöà gohtö· w‡nÃÃ ghàtatsöeetsii happy: sÃdÃi handgun: kwiköÃi neköÎfi (be) happy about: yegh· dlÕniw· handicraft: asÃi nàÀhdlii happy occasion: sÃgoÀtö‡ handkerchief: köoÀhchÃi, köoÀhtsÃi, köoÕhchÃi, (be) happy to see: yexÀ nàÃt¯a köoÕhtsÃi hard: hÕt¯öÕ handle: (plural actors) yeköalaedÀ (be) hard: dezÃ, dezhÃ (single actor) yeköalaewo hard ashes at the bottom of a fire: ¯ÀtÃ handle (him/her/it): nÃyeedi hard lumps in meat: ekaà handle again: nÃayeedi, nÃnayeedi (be) hard situation: hoezÃ, hoezhÃ handle of bucket: t·ch‡Í, t·ts‡Í (be) hard times: hoÃla, kiÃla, nàhotÃ handle of pan: kwöàch‡Í, kwöàts‡Í hard top snow: tàhtsiÃ handmixer: wetöà asÃi tsöehtÃi Hardisty Lake: ¤töÎfih TÃ handsoap: dat¯eyÍfi hare: gahcho, gahtso hang down vertically: nà‡töih harmonica: dech‡shÃa, dets‡sÃa hang on to: yàyetÎ, yàyitÎ harness for dogs: t¯‡t¯öiÃ hang up (intransitive verb): hat: naza tsöah, nazha tsöah, tsöah (cloth object) dawhehchÃh, dawhehtsÃh (plural or ropelike objects) dawhela hat trim: tsöahdfifi hang up (transitive verb): hate: yenÀÀl‡-le (cloth object) daye˙a, haul: (many objects) dayewa, (plural objects) egh·Îyeele (plural objects) dayÀh¯e (many things) egh·Îyeewa hangar: en‡ht¯öÀköetöaa whelaa köÀ, tsöietöaa whelaa (rigid object) egh·ÎyeetÍ kÎ (be) hauled back and forth: (plural objects) (be) hanging from a rope: daedlÃ egh·Îeze, egh·Îezhe hangover: gokwÃ eya have: gÎh¯‡ (cloth object) köeyehchih, köeyehtsih happen: ade, agode, nàhÕÀwo, nàhÕÕwo (plural animate objects) xàwhehte happen in front of: wedaà agotö‡ (single animate object) xàwheht‡ 174 have (plural objects) in place: yÀh¯a have intercourse with: yeka whet‡ have (rigid object) in place: yÀht· have on clothing: yeyÃiwheda have a baby: bebÃa wetsö· have on the hands: yeyÃÀhdÃ have a bad experience: esade, töasade have on the head: whayeÀh˙· have a bad odour: mfifi, mfih have on the lower body: yeyÃiwhe˙À have a black eye: godaà tsÍdiÃt¯öÕ have pain in the sides: weköa‡˙a have a cold: goÍhköà, gonÍhköà, w‡Íhköà have room for: wegha gÕ˙·, wegha hÕ˙· have a fever: edi el‡, whekÎ· agÎ·hwh· have seizures: edoo atö‡ have a hard time: nàtÃ have something bad happen: esade, töasade have a headache: wekwÃ eya have strong faith: go‡nÃ nàtso have a hole: weghagÕ‡˙à have the habit of: ew‡, waew‡, yeghaewi, yeghaew‡ (plural actors) yeghaede, yewaede have a humped back: wechÍkwö·Î kà‡tsÕ, wetsÍkwö·Î kà‡tsÕ have the hands on the hips: tsöo köÀàhdÃ have a lump or bump: kà‡tsÕ, xà‡tsÕ have time for: wegha gÕ˙·, wegha hÕ˙· have a meal: have visibility: kÀgaatö‡, xÀgaatö‡ (one or two actors) sÀt‡, shÀt‡ have you ever!: edÃ de˙ÎÎ (plural actors) sÀze, shÀzhe hawk, golden eye: detö·ts‡ have a muscle cramp: nach‡deewÃ, nats‡deewÃ hay: t¯öo have a place: gÕh˙· Hay River: Hàt¯öodeÀ have a sharp pain in the upper body: weghaköa‡˙a he or she: eded‡ have a stroke: goköÀÀ e¯aÀwi head: gokwÃ have a taste of it: wewàhÕdi head band: kwÃtöii have a temper: w‡nÃahÎ·töÀ, w‡nÃÃ nàÃt¯o head dress which stands on lead dog’s collar: t¯‡ÍdÀ have an accident: edaatÀ head of an animal: ekwÃ have an election: eköÀtehtsÕo hoh¯À head oil: gokwÃts·Î have become: whel‡ head scarf: köoÀhchÃi, köoÀhtsÃi, köoÕhchÃi, köoÕhtsÃi have chicken pox: gokwÎ ˙ÎÎ xà˙a head strap: kwÃtöa have diarrhea: tih¯‡‡ go˙Î· atö‡ headache: gokwÃ eya have dog races: ehdaàt¯‡geezo, ehdaàt¯‡geezho heal: naedzÃ, naejÃ have epilepsy: edoo atö‡ healing: nez‡ adaade have everything going for (him/her): ahxe healthy: hotie, hotii have faith: ehkwöi adi niw· hear: eÀhkwö·, yeÀhkwö· have fun: wegha sÃgoÀtö‡, (people) s·nàdÀ (be) heard: gh·töe, w·töe have her period: mÎhtöa goÀhkö· hearing: etsöeÀhkwö··, godziÃ have hypothermia: ehdli heart: edzeÀ, godzeÀ 175 heart attack: godzeÀ Ã˙à, godzeÀ nàkwöi, godzeÀ hide slippers: ewÕhke nÃ˙à hide tent: ewÕn‡hbàa heart stop ticking: godzeÀ Ã˙à, godzeÀ nÃ˙à hide with hair left on: degh· heartburn: goteetöà, tih¯‡‡ godzeÀ köeÃt·, tih¯‡‡ hide-and-seek: e¯echöàtsöee˙Í‡, e¯etsöàtsöee˙Í‡ godzeÀ kö‡Ít· hide-scraper handle: köedzehts‡Í, köejehch‡Í hearts in cards: lidzÀ, lijÀ hide-scraper made of bone: köedze, köeje heat: edi (be) high: dago‡wà, dan‡‡chà, dan‡‡tsà heat (it): yiÃhwhi high heels: kehtà goÀchöoa, kehtà goÀtsöoa heat by turning around: köeyewe high mass: lamÀhdeÀ (be) heated: whekÎ high water level: taÍ˙ee heating oil: t¯eh dÀköÎ· t¯eÀ high-rise building: kÎ dan‡‡chàa, kÎ dan‡‡tsàa, kÎ heaven: ya, yaköe yahoh¯Àe, kÎ yayiÃhoh¯Àe, yayiihoh¯Àe (be) heavy: nedà highbush cranberry: daht¯ö‡Í heed: yati Ãhchi, yati Ãhtsi, yeköÀÀ ·töe, yeköÀ‡töe highway: satsÎ behch‡Í köÀliÃ, satsÎ behch‡Í t‡liÃ, heel: gokehtà satsÎ behts‡Í köÀliÃ, satsÎ behts‡Í t‡liÃ helicopter: wekwÃtöatsöaehköÀa hill: sÃh, shÃh hell: wee¯‡‡kÎ hill country: sÃh nÀköe, shÃh nÀköe helmet: satsÎ tsöah, tsöah dezÃi, tsöah dezhÃi hill side: sÃh köaga, shÃh köaga helmsman: tsöi gÀdÃi d·Î, tsöi köÀdÃi d·Î, tsöi köÀndÃi hill top: sÃhka, shÃhka d·Î himself: eded‡ help: yetsöàdi, yetsöàndi hind leg of an animal: edzaa, edzare help, using medicine power: yeköe˙eedi hip: go˙àà, go˙àdÀ helper: gotsöàdii, wecheekeÀ, wetseekeÀ hip bones: go˙àkwö·Î, got¯öàtsö·Î helpless: nàhkaa hip-waders: tiwoÕ nedÀe hemp rope: t¯öi ehdoo hire: yeh˙a herbal medicine: dech‡ta gonàÀdiÃ, dets‡ta gonàÀdiÃ Hislop Lake: Köaagoo TÃ, Köaàköo TÃ here: dz·, j· Hislop Lake River: Köaagoo TÃ DeÀ, Köaàköo TÃ DeÀ herself: eded‡ Hislop Lake Village: Köaagoo TÃ KÎ GÕlaa, Köaàköo hidden: de˙Í‡ TÃ KÎ GÕlaa hidden from the sight of: (postposition) wenaà˙Í‡ hit (him/her/it) by throwing: nàyeehköa hide (him/her/it): nàyeh˙Í hit (him/her/it) by throwing more than one thing: nàyeehsÃ, nàyeehshÃ hide from each other: e¯echöàtsöee˙Í, e¯etsöàtsöee˙Í hit (him/her/it) with a stick: nàyeeht¯öÃ, nàyeehxà, yeehxà hide jacket: ewÕh˙eh hoarfrost: nahzoh hide oneself: nàdee˙Í hold: etÎ, nàyiitÎ, yàyetÎ, yàyitÎ, yiitÎ hide rug: degh·tÀ 176 holding up: horn: edÀ (animate object) dayahte horn club: (old word) edÀkàa, edÀkàre (chunky object) daya˙a (cloth object) dayahchih, dayahtsih horse: t¯‡cho, t¯‡tso (heavy object) dayahxe horse wagon: t¯‡cho behch‡Í, t¯‡tso behts‡Í (plateful) dayaka (plural or rope-like objects) dayale horsefly: naidiÃ (rigid object) dayat‡ horsepower: t¯‡cho hanà‡htsoo, t¯‡cho kanàn‡htsoo, hole: xàgo‡h˙àa köÀ t¯‡tso hanà‡htsoo hole for animals: e˙·· hospital: d· köÀhodÃi kÎ, d·eyael‡‡ köÀhodÃi kÎ, d·xaa kÎ, eyakÎ, nàÀdi köÀez·· kÎ, nàÀdi köÀezh·· holiday: dzfldeÀ, dzflndeÀ, köÀhoÀ˙aa dzflÈ kÎ hollow place: enààkwö·fi host at mass: NÎhts‡ ¯ÀtöÀ holy: degai hostel: cheko nageete kÎ, tseko nageete kÎ holy bread: NÎhts‡ ¯ÀtöÀ (be) hot: (area) edi, gÕkÎ dÃÀ Holy Scriptures: NÎhts‡ En‡ht¯öÀ hot country: ediinÀköe Holy Spirit: EdàrÃhyeh Nez‡‡, Yedài Nez‡‡, YedàÃyeh (be) hot to touch: whekÎ Nez‡‡, YedàrÃyeh Nez‡‡ hot water bottle: ti whekÎ· t· Holy Water: degai tÃ hotel: natsöeetee kÎ home: gokÎ Hottah Lake: ¤tsöÀetÃ homebrew: dzÃetÃ, jÃetÃ hour: sadzeÀ homemade tobacco: tsöetöÃi tsöehts‡‡ house: kÎ (be) homesick: dekÎ gha ·niÀ˙àh house key: kÎ ladlÃ honey bucket: tsÎt·Î houses: kÎ gÕlaa honour: (verb) yenaetö‡ housing corporation: kÎ gha köàodÀe (be) honoured: weghàhodÃ, wegh· s·ho‡w·, wegh· s·honiw· how: ayÃi töà, töaanÃ hooded: wetsöahdfifi gÎh¯‡‡ how are things?: dàgÎhtöe hoof: ekÀ how big?: dà‡hcho, dà‡htso, dà‡hz·, dà‡hzh·, dàn‡hcho, dàn‡hzh· hook (it): yehdzÃ, yehjÃ, yÃhsÕ how come?: dànitöà hook again: nayehdzÃ, nayehjÃ how does it turn out?: dàade hook for roasting meat: sÕÕ how far?: dà‡hwhaà, dàn‡hwhaà (be) hooked: ehdzÃ, ehjÃ how high?: dàdan‡‡hwha, dàgo‡hwhaà hooked stick for fish net: dahzÕÕ how is the weather/the situation?: dàgÎhtöe hop: köe˙ehka, na˙ehka how long ago?: dàwhaà hop away: naeka how long in time?: dàwhaà hope: niw·, yenihwh·, y‡‡hwh· how long physically?: dà‡hdo, dàn‡hdo hopping along: naeka 177 how many?: dàt¯·, edlàat¯· how much?: dàt¯·, how often?: dàgoÀt¯· English how thick?: dà‡ht·, dàn‡ht· how?: dàanÃ I: s‡ however: ekÕ, kÕ, töaa i I ask (him/her) that: hawÀehs‡, kawÀehs‡ however far: töa‡waà, töanÃ‡hwhàa I donöt know: s·naà, s·ni, sÎ however long in time: töaatsöÎ, töa‡hwhaà, töa‡waà I donöt know how many: edlaàt¯· however many: töaàt¯· I guess: s·naà, s·Îni, sÎ however much: töaàt¯· I mean to talk about (him/her): awÀehs‡ Hudson Bay blanket: hatsöÎbe tsöÕÕ, kiÃhtatsöÕÕ, tsöÕ degoo, tsöÕregoo I refer to (him/her): awÀehs‡ (old word) tsöÕ weköaàts‡Í gÎh¯‡‡ I said: aehs‡ Hudson Bay Island in Rae: GamÈ DiÃ I say: aehs‡ (be) huge: yànechà, yànetsà I say so: haehs‡ human: done, d· I suppose: s·naà, sÎ human spirit: gotsö‡Í I tell (him/her) that: hawÀehs‡, kawÀehs‡ (be) humble: d· edeew·-le, köÀeweÀtö‡ I wonder: s·naà, s·Îni humorous person: wegh· sÃdÃi d·Î ice: goli, t· hunchback: d· wen·kwö·Î yÍfi ice chisel: edÀ, wetöà t· tsöegoo edÀ hunchbacked person: d· wen·kwö·Î whezÕo ice chunks: goli hundred: ‡¯ÀakwöeÀn·, ‡¯ÀlakwöiÀn· ice crust of overfow on land: kwö·Î hunger for: ew‡, waew‡, yeghaewi, yeghaew‡, ice cubes: goli yewaewi (plural actors) yeghaede, yewaede ice fog: dah˙àh (be) hungry: bÕ ghaew‡, bÕ waewi, bÕ waew‡, ice is breaking up: t· nàtÍ deÀhdÃ, deÀhndi ice is clear: t· ‡kwö‡Í hunt: nàzÀ, yekaniw·, yexaniw· ice is new: t· ‡kwö‡Í hunter: nàzÀe d·Î ice is packed up: dahtÕ hurt: eya, eza, ezha ice jam: t· tàÀht··, t· tàht·· hurt (him/her): yekwÎ eya ayele ice on a river-bank: dehbàa t· husband: d·zÃi, d·zhÃi ice on bodies of water: t· (old word) gokÎÀl‡Í, gokÎl‡Í ice pressure ridge: ¯ighàà Hydro Lake: Deh DaÀhzaa, Deh DaÀhzhaa ice scoop: golikwöà, ¯ikwöà (be) hypothermic: goÍhköà, gonÍhköà icicles: goli idea: nàowo 178 if: asÍÍ, dÀ, ‡dÀ, nÀ, n‡dÀ in place of: wet¯öàx·Î if not that: hanÃ-le dÀ, kanÃ-le dÀ (be) in poor health: tàda tsÍyehwhi igloo: tàhtsiÃkÎ, zahkÎ, zhahkÎ in that case: hanÃ‡dÀ, kanÃ‡dÀ ignorant one: asÃi köÀÀz·-le laÕtö‡, asÃi köÀÀzh·-le in the absence of: wet¯öàx·Î laÕtö‡ in the beginning: dakwe¯ÎÎ ignore: yechöàniw·, yetsöàniw·, yetsöÎ nie˙à-le in the midst of: wen‡, wen‡etsöÎ (be) illegal: wechöàetö·, wetsöàetö· in the nose: go‡ghÎyÃi imitate: yeköaÀ˙‡, yexÀ˙‡ in the past: akwee hÕ, dakwee kÕ, ‡dÃ, ‡nÈfl, töakwe immediately: ekÕ ÀtöiÃ, hanÃ-ÀtöiÃ, kanÃ-ÀtöiÃ in the powdery snow: tichöa, t‡chöa, t‡tsöa immediately after: -ÀtöiÃ in the presence of: wedaà implore: nàdaetÃ in the shelter of: go˙‡Í, go˙Í‡, we˙Í‡ (be) important: wetöàa˙à, wetöàhoÀ˙à in the sight of: wedaà important: -deÀ, -ndeÀ in vain: köÀÀt¯öÎ, whÍÍ (be) impossible: wÀedi-le, wÀhoedi-le (be) in water: (animate object) tÀewheda imprint of it: weköÀÀ gÕ˙·· in water: tÀe improve in health: köaàtöÃi ade in with: weta in (his/her) presence: wenadfiË incense: dzÀ¯ek··, t¯öehtöàa in (his/her) vision: wenazÃi, wenazhÃi inch: golahchÃ, golahtsÃ (be) in a good mood: s·niw· inconnu: ghoÕle, weÀle, wiÃle, woÕle (be) in a hurry: ‡ghàà niw·, ‡whfiË niw· (be) independent: edeköÀdÃ in a position unexpectedly: Àh¯‡, Íh¯‡ index finger: golahkwÃ (be) in a trance: wenazÃi köegoke, wenazhÃi köegoke infant: bebÃa (be) in a vertical position: nà‡˙ah inflatable boat: weyÃi n‡htsöi tsöehts‡‡ elàà in accordance with: weköÀÀ, weköÈÈ inflation: köÀÀ˙ÎÎ dÀtÃi in all: haz·Î töà, hazh·Î töà inflict injury on: nàhkaa yehts‡ in among: wen‡etsöÎ influential for (postposition): gaam‡‡, goam‡‡ (be) in an uproar: nàdahoewo inject: yego in case: dÀ, ‡dÀ, n‡dÀ injure: nàhkaa yehts‡ in exchange for: weköÀxa injured: nàhkaa in front of: wedaà, wenadfiË, wenakweÀ, wenazÃi, injury: gokaà wenazhÃi ink: edotÃ, ehdootÃ in half: tani ink pen: ehdootÃ en‡ht¯öÀch‡Í, ehdootÃ en‡ht¯öÀts‡Í in order to: gha, ha inner blanket: tsöÕtöaà in our country: gonÀköe inner ear: godziÃhkwö·Î in payment for: weköÀxa 179 insect: gÕo Israelites: Zidàotö‡Í, Zhidàotö‡Í inside a confining space: goyÃi, gozÃi, gozhÃi it: eyi inside a confining thing: weyÃi, wezÃi, wezhÃi it doesnöt matter: hanÃhÕ, hanÃkÕ, kanÃkÕ inside a hollow space: goyiÃ, goziÃ, gozhiÃ (be) itchy: eye (area) goye inside of the mouth: gowàhtöàà its colour: weköaàts‡Í inside of throat: godzah inside wall of a house: kÎ goetöaà insides: gozÍ‡, gozhÃi, gozhÍ‡ insomnia: behchöatsöeewi, behtsöatsöeewi instead: Àh¯‡, Íh¯‡ English instead of: weköÀxa institution: d· daÀzaa kÎ, d· daÀzhaa kÎ, d· danÃ‡laa kÎ (be) instructed to do something: weghàhÕ‡˙· j insulation: kÎ goetöaà jack for vehicles: wetöà behch‡Í ‡dÕo detsöeedee, intellectual: d· go‡z··, d· go‡zh·· wetöà behts‡Í ‡dÕo detsöeedee jack in cards (be) intelligent: go‡z·, go‡zh· : bÕxàehtöÀe, mbÕ kàehtöÀe, mbÕ xàehtöÀe intentionally: ax·diÃ jack pine: g·Î interpret: etaehti jacket: ˙eh intestines: gotsöiÃ jackfish: ‡hdaa into: weyÃitsöÎ jail: d· daÀzaa kÎ, d· daÀzhaa kÎ, d· danÃ‡laa kÎ, into (his/her) hands: wet¯öaà kÎ goez·· kÎ, kwöahti kÎ Inuit: HoteÀdà, Xotendà jam: dzÃetsàa, jÃechàa Inuit people: Enake, HoteÀdà, XoteÀdà James Lakes River: Eht¯öÀtÃ Dea, Kwegha‡l‡‡ (be) invited: wekàgoedÃ, wexàgoedÃ January: EdàidzflÈcho Zaà, EdàidzflÈtso Zaà iron: hatsÎ, satsÎ jaw: goÀkwö·Î iron (it): yeköee˙à jawbone: eÀkwö·Î iron for clothes: wetöà gohtö· köe˙etsöee˙àa, (be) jealous: chöoxoedi, tsöoxoedi yÃköeetöaa (be) jealous of: yetsöÎ da‡˙ah ironing board: weköe gohtö· köe˙etsöee˙àa jeans: ti t¯öà˙eh island: di, ndi jerry can: t¯eht· island which a river flows on both sides of: Jesus wekö·Àl‡‡ dià : NÎhts‡, ZezÃ, ZhezÃ Jesus Christ island with a high hill: di nà‡chöoo, di nà‡tsöoo : ZezÃ Kri, ZhezÃ Kri jet plane isn’t that so?: haàa, hfiËfi : tsöietöaa wetöoÕ whÃle 180 Jews: Zidàotö‡Í, Zhidàotö‡Í keep (rigid object) in place: yÀht· jingle: (plural objects) köet¯öÕ keep a place: gÕh˙· job: la keep burning (it): yeÀhkö· joints of the body: eghagoÀhz·, goehgÕ, keep his/her word: edeyatiÃ ÎehsÃ-le, edeyatiÃ goghagoÀhz·Î, goghagoÀhzh·Î, gokwö·Î ÎehshÃ-le e¯egha‡˙aa keep in the mouth: whàyÀh˙· joker: wegh· sÃdÃi d·Î keep someone/thing in a certain way: ayÍhwh· joker in cards: dziegÀ, jiegÀ keg: dech‡ lÃbaà, dech‡ lÃbarÃ, dets‡ lÃbaà Joliffe Island: T¯ehdiÃ, T¯ehndiÃ kennel: t¯‡kw‡Í judge (noun): d· sinÃyaehtii d·Î, sinÃyaehtii d·Î (be) kept: weköÀhodÃ judge (verb): sinÃyaehti kerchief: köoÀhchÃi, köoÀhtsÃi, köoÕhchÃi, köoÕhtsÃi (be) judged: nàyaeti, wesinÃyaeti kerosene: dÀ got¯eÀ, ndÀ got¯eÀ juice: dzÃeköoÕ tÃ, jÃeköoÕ tÃ kettle: t· July: S·Îmba NàzÀe Zaà, S·Îmba NàzhÀe Zaà key: ladlÃ jump: köe˙ehka, na˙ehka, yaÀka kick: nàyeetà jump in the water: teka kicker: t¯ehtöoÕ jump out: kàeka, xàeka kidney: etsöÕo, gotsöÕo jump up and down: yà˙ehka kidney fat: etsöÕoköa June: EyÀg·hsa kill: yeweehts‡, yeweÀ ehts‡ juniper berry: wohgw‡ dzÃÃ, wohgw‡ jÃÃ (plural objects) e¯ayeehde (single object) e¯ayeehwhi jury: gighàà nayaetii d·Î kill oneself: e¯adÃwi just: diÃ whaà-le, diÃhköÎfi, ekÃi, hotiÃ, z· (be) killed: weweÀ wheda just before: wekwe ÀtöiÃ (plural objects) e¯·Îde just in case: ahx·, edahx· (single object) e¯·Îwi just now: kö·Îtöa, köÎfi, köÎfitöa killer: eweÀtö‡Í Justice of the Peace: sinÃyaehtii d·Î (be) kind: eteÀ˙‡, etenÀ˙‡, wedzeÀ s·niw· kind of like: laànÃ, làanÃ (be) kind to: eteyeÀh˙‡ king: köàowocho, köàowotso king in cards English : eköaàwi, eköaÕwi, köaàwi kinnikinnik: ‡hd··, ·hd·· kinspeople: gohkÈfl, gokÈfl kiss: yeköÀtsöedl‡, yetsöÍ keel of boat: et¯öa whet·· k (be) kissed: weköÀtsöedl‡ keep: yeköÀdÃ, yeköÀndÃ keep (plural objects) in place: yÀh¯a 181 kitchen: bÕxàehtöÀe kÎ, mbÕ kàehtöÀe, mbÕ lace (it): yeghah kàetöÀe kÎ, mbÕ xàetöÀe kÎ lack: yedeedl‡, yedfledl‡ kite: en‡ht¯öÀwÕ weköeetsöii ladder: dech‡ehka, dets‡ehka kleenex: dehko en‡ht¯öÀwÕ ladle blood (to make soup): edoÕ ez· knead: ch‡ehchih, ts‡ehtsih ladybug: tehtsà deköoa, ts‡‡nÈ knee: eehgÕ, goehgÕ lake: ti kneecap: godzagÕokwö·Î, goehgÕdzeÀ lake shore: tabàa, tambàa kneel: nàgÕ‡h˙a lake that a river runs through: dehtÃ kneel down: nàgÕehge lake with dead weeds, frequently used by knife: beh, mbeh muskrats: t¯öodziÃtÃ, t¯öojiÃtÃ knife sheath: behwhÕ, mbehwhÕ lamb: sahzÎfi, sahzÎfi zaa, sahzhÎfi, sahzhÎfi zhaa knit: et¯ö‡, yet¯ö‡ lamp: eköaÀkö· knock against: yechöaehtöi, yetsöaehtöi land: dÀ, nÀ, ndÀ knot (noun): e¯ÀÀhchÃi, e¯ÀÀhtsÃi, sàà, shàà, land (a plane): det¯a wetöàÃsàa, wetöàÃshàa land frozen up: dÀht· know: yeköÀez·, yeköÀezh·, yeköÀÀzh·, yeköÀhoez·, land is dewy or wet: dÀ nagoÀhzoh, dÀ nahzoh, yeköÀhoezh·, yeköÀhoÀzh· ndÀ köe goÀhzoh, ndÀ nahzoh know an area: hoköÀez·, hoköÀezh·, hoköÀÀzh· land is frosty: dÀ nagoÀhzoh, dÀ nahzoh, ndÀ köe (be) known: weköÀedz·, weköÀej·, weköÀÀj· goÀhzoh, ndÀ nahzoh Kwejinne Lake: KweyÍ‡ TÃ land on: yeköe det¯a land on shore: tàe˙À, t·e˙À, t·etöÀ (one or two people) t·et¯a landing strip: en‡ht¯öÀköetöaa naedÀe köÀ language: yati English lard: t¯eh lard can: t¯eht·a lard pail: t¯eht· labour: (be) large: nechà, netsà (one person) nàhoehwhol (plural) nàhoehdÀ large: -cho, -tso labrador tea, medicine for shortness of breath: large cluster of trees: tsöiwÃicho, tsöiwÃitso gotsöagoÕ, lÃgaez·Î, lÃgaezÎfi large eddy: ˙oorÃchoköÀ, ˙oorÃtsoköÀ, ˙orÕköÀcho Labrish Lake: Nakaà TÃ, Nàakaà TÃ large fish: ¯iwecho, ¯iwetso Lac de Gras: Eköa TÃ large flat rock: kwekàa Lac La Martre: TsÎtÃ, WhatÃ large fly: nàediÃ Lac La Martre Falls: Nà‡l‡‡ large game animal: t‡chöaàdÃideÀ, t‡tsöaàdÃideÀ Lac La Martre River: TsÎtÃ DeÀ, WhatÃ DeÀ large intestine: eköàhkwoÕ, goköàhkwoÕ 182 large kettle with curved spout: chiht·, tsiht· leaders: köàadÀe, köàodÀe large male caribou: wedzÃicho, wedzÃitso leading action (postposition): gaam‡‡, goam‡‡ large snowmobile: zakaköekÕo, zhakaköekÕo leaf: ‡töÎ, ‡töÎfi large soft snowflake: zahkààtso, zhahkààcho leafy stuff: ‡töÎfi largest beaver: tsàdeÀ, tsàndeÀ lean-to: daÀt·kÎ largest bull moose: dedÃiz·Î, dedÃizh·Î learn: hoghàdeet· larva in caribou hide: etsÍhtagÕo leather: edziewÕ, ejiewÕ larynx: goweÀköÀ leave: (one or two people) det¯a, kàt¯a, xàet¯a, xàt¯a last: ‡dii leave (him/her): Îyeehxà last day: n··de dzflÈ leave (him/her) in a certain condition: nÃyeedi last in a sequence: n··de töà leave by boat: naetöÀ last name: goizÃ n··de, goizÃl·, go‡zÃ n··de, go‡zÃl· leave by vehicle: naekÀ last night: dii toÕ leave for hunting: dezÀ last time: n··de leave for some destination: eteet¯a late at night: to whaà leave it!: wedfl hÕ, wedfl kÕ later: n··de, sÃghfiwfiË leave, boating back: naekÀ laugh: nà˙edlÕ leave, flying back: naetöa laugh at: yegha˙edlÕ, yeghaedlÕ leave, going back: (one or two people) naet¯a laughter: wedlÕo (two people) natsöeetöà laundromat: gohtö· köena˙etsee köÀ leech: gÕtöiÃ laundry soap: dat¯e nàedoo (be) left behind: law: nàowo (animate object) aÃda lawyer: d· köedaedii d·Î (plural objects) aÃla (single object) aÃ˙· lay the head: kwÃwheh˙· (be) left over: weghàhoÀwo (be) lazy: gotsöeedÃ left side: gotsöehtsö·, gotsö‡htsö·, gotsö·htsö·, lazy person: weköeÀtö‡‡ ‡htsö· lead (metal): saÀhx‡ left-handed: ‡htsö· lead (verb): köeyeh˙‡ leftovers: weghàg‡‡˙àa, weghàhoÀwo, lead (him/her) by the hand: etegÕyeedi, weghàsÃetsöeÀzaa, weghàsÃetsöeÀzhaa etegÎyeedi leg: godzaà, godzakwö·Î, gokwö·Î lead dog: t¯‡ nakweÀ whedaa, t¯‡ nakweÀ whet‡‡ leg bone: godzakwö·Î lead in by the hand: goyÃiyeedi leg bone, with or without skin: edzawà lead out by the hand: xàgÕyeedi, xàgÎyeedi leg-hold trap: ehdzo t¯öi leader: köàowo legend: whaÀhd·Î godiÃ leader (fishing line): dzÃht¯öiÃ neköÎfi, jÃht¯öiÃ neköÎfi 183 lend: lightning: eeziikÎÎ, eeziikÎÎ naÃt¯ö‡‡, eezhiikÎÎ, (animate object) yegh·nÃyehtÀ eezhiikÎÎ naÃt¯ö‡‡, kÎ naÃt¯ö‡‡ (chunky object) yegh·nÃye˙à (be) like: lahÎtöe, laÎtöe (cloth object) yegh·nÃyehchi, yegh·nÃyehtsi (container) yegh·nÃyehtÍ like (adverb): laànÃ, làanÃ (plural objects) yegh·nÃyele like (postposition): weköÀÀ, weköÈÈ (rigid object) yegh·nÃyeetÍ like (verb): ew‡, waew‡, wegha nez‡, yeghaewi, length: daàtsöÎ yeghaew‡, yenÀÀl‡, yewaewi less than a minute: nagÀa köa˙Í (plural actors) yeghaede, yewaede let go of: yedeetsi like an ignorant one: asÃi köÀÀz·-le laÕtö‡, asÃi köÀÀzh·-le laÕtö‡ let it be!: hÕ, kÕ like oneself: edenÀÀl‡ let me be (it) again: naweh¯À like that: ekanÃ, hanÃ, kanÃ let me go out to the toilet!: kàihsà, xàihsà like this: dii hanÃ let’s go!: hoÕ like to do: ew‡, waew‡, yeghaewi, yeghaew‡ letter X: eköÀtehtsÕo (plural actors) yeghaede, yewaede lettuce: ‡töÎcho, ‡töÎtso (be) likely: atö‡ làanÃ level ground: eghàdÀ, eghàndÀ lily pad: tÀehtöaà level to: wedaghaa limp around: köech‡ehköah, köets‡ehköah library: en‡ht¯öÀ ¯· whelaa kÎ line strung out: t¯öi ¯ata‡töii lice comb: zà kwÃtsöÃi, zhà kwÃtsöÃi liners for boots: kiÃhta license: en‡ht¯öÀ, n‡ht¯öÀ lines on paper: ehkwöi ‡‡t¯öÀa lichen: adzÍÍ, ajÃÃ, ajÍÍ lingerie: ˙echà, ˙etsà, ‡hchà, ‡htsà lid: weda‡˙··, weda‡t··, wedanÃ‡˙··, wedanÃ‡t·· linguist: yati ÃhchÃi d·Î, yati ÃhtsÃi d·Î, yati köàodÀe lie: hotsöÃ d·Î lie dead: weweÀ wheda lining: ˙etöàà lie in water: (animate object) tÀewhet‡ linoleum: dech‡tÀ köe tÀwhehchÃi, dech‡tÀwÕ, dets‡tÀ köe tÀwhehtsÃi lie on top of: yeka whet‡ lip area: wedfifi lie to: yegh· nàxoe˙à, yegh·yae˙à lips: godfifi, gowàdfifi ligament: gochöÃÃ, gotsöÃÃ lipstick: wetöà godfifi tsöeet¯öÀe (be) light: (an area) goeköaa liquid: ti light (noun): dzfl, dzflfl liquor: kÎtÃ light (verb): nayiÃht¯a liquor bottle: nàÀdi t· light a fire: kÎ naÃht¯a liquor store: kÎtÃ kÎ light bulb: eköaÀkö· listen: eÀkwöo, iÃkwöo, yeÀkwöo, yiÃkwöo (be) light in weight: nedà-le listen to advice: yati Ãhchi, yati Ãhtsi light up: yeÀhkö· little: yaazea 184 little bit: ¯·-lea, yaazea lock (noun): wetöà enÃedoo little boy: d·zÃa, d·zhÃa (be) locked up: (plural) gidaànÃ‡la little child: bebÃ (one thing/person) wedaÀtÍ Little Dipper: whÎtsoa lodge for beaver or muskrat: ekÈÈ, ekÍÍ little grandchild to a man: gokwia log: dech‡, dets‡, tso little heart: edzÀa log house: dech‡kÎ, dets‡kÎ little while: ¯atsaa, ¯atsoa log used for scraping hides on: yeech‡Í, yeets‡Í, (a) little while ago: diÃ whaà-le, diÃhköÎfi yerech‡Í, yerets‡Í live: eda, enda, naete, nàde (be) lonely: ÎniÀ˙à (one or two people) nàwo (be) long: nedÀ, nendÀ live again: naÃda long ago: köakwe, töakwe whaà, whaà live alone: ch‡hk·Î wheda, ts‡hk·Î wheda long before our time: gokwe whaà live as a single person: ch‡hk·Î wheda, ts‡hk·Î long crack in the ice: t·nÃ‡dlaa wheda long fishhook string: dzÃht¯öiÃ nedÀe, jÃht¯öiÃ nedÀe live common-law: yahti dfl xogetö‡, yahti dfl x·getö‡ long for: yeghaew‡, yewaewi live outdoors: xàgoÀhköÎ (be) long in time: nÀnihwhà, nÃ‡hwhà live righteously: ehkwöi eda long time: whaà liver: ewÕ, gowÕ long time ago: akwee whaà, ‡dÃ whaà, whaà kÕ, living room: tsöeÀhkwöee kÎ whaà xÕ load: deyÃiyewa, yeyÃiyewa long time has passed: whaà hoÀwo load a gun: kwiÃcho deyÃiyewa, kwiÃcho eköÀyewa, longer days: dzfl nÍ‡hwhà kwiÃtso deyÃiyewa, kwiÃtso eköÀyewa look after: yehoehdi, yeköÀdÃ, yeköÀndÃ, yexoehdi loan of money: s·Îmba gogh· nÃzee, s·Îmba gogh· nÃzhee look after oneself: edeköÀdÃ (be) located behind: deÀcha, deÀtsa look around: köeetöÍ (be) located in water: look around for: yeka köeetöÍ, yexa keetöÍ, yexa (chunky object) tÀewhe˙· köeetöÍ (cloth object) tÀewhehchÃh, tÀewhehtsÃh look as though: làanÃ wÀgaatö‡ (plural objects) tÀewhela (powdery or granular material) tÀewhet¯öih look at: yeghàeda, yeghàenda (rigid object) tÀewhet· look for: yekaniw·, yekàeta, yexaniw·, yexàeta (be) located up: look for by boat: yekà˙À, yexà˙À (animate object) dawheda (chunky object) dawhe˙· look in vain for: yexa whÍÍ köeetöÍ (cloth object) dawhehchÃh, dawhehtsÃh look like: wÀgaatö‡, wÀgoatö‡ (containerful) dawheht· (be) looked after: weköÀhodÃ (plural or ropelike objects) dawhela (rigid object) dawhet· looked in vain for: yeka whÍÍ ajà, yexa whÍÍ adzà, yexa whÍÍ ajà loche: n·hkwÀe 185 looking for (postposition): weka, w‡ka lye: ¯ÀtÃ loon: tÀetö· (be) lying down: (one animate object) whet‡ loop: weköÀghoköÀ lynx: nÎda (old word) chÀe, tsÀe loose tea: lidÃ tazee, lidÃ tazhee, lidÃ tenazÀe, lidÃ tenazhÀe loose tobacco for rolling cigarettes: tsöetöÃi tsöehts‡‡ English loose woman: tsöÀkodzii, tsöÀkojii Lord: köàowo lose: ÎyeehsÃ, ÎyeehshÃ machine oil: satsÎ t¯eÀ (single object) dik·yeehköa, Îyeehköa m Mackenzie River: Dehcho, Dehtso lose in a game: wegh·enÀ Mackenzie River area: Dehchogà, Dehtsogà loser: d· weköeÀtö‡‡, weköeÀtö‡‡ (be) mad: ÃchöÀ, ÃtsöÀ, w‡nàà-le, w‡nÃÃ-le (be) lost: dik·Àhkwöo (be) mad at: yechöàniw·, yetsöàniw· lost: dik· (be) made: hoh¯À (be) lots: net¯· maggot: yÃÃda lots: ¯· maggot from caribou throat: eköàhgoÕ (be) loud: wedagoÀhwhÕ, wedagoÕhwhÕ maggots in caribou hide: en·gÕo loud: hÕt¯öÕ (be) magnetic: weyeÀdi louse: zà, zhà mail: en‡ht¯öÀ, n‡ht¯öÀ love: ew‡, waew‡, yeghaewi, yeghaew‡, yegh·niÀt·, yewaewi mail carrier: en‡ht¯öÀ köelee d·Î (plural actors) yeghaede, yewaede mail delivery: en‡ht¯öÀ köezee, en‡ht¯öÀ köezhee (be) loved: wegh·nihoÀt· major knuckles of the hand: golatÀniÃ (old word) lover: gox·hoÕ, gox·hÕ major river: dehdeÀ, dehndeÀ (be) low: dago‡wà-lea make: ayele, yehts‡ low mass: lamÀa make (him/her) suffer: day‡‡h˙ah, tsÍyehwhi low treeless hill: hozÃi sÃa, hozÃi shÃa make a campfire: xàgoÀhköÎ lower abdomen: gobÕ, gombÕ make a cross: eköÀtehtsÕ lower edge of tent: mÎchËfi, mÎtsËfi make a fire: kÎ naÃht¯a lower front fin: ¯iwetöabaà, ¯iwetöambaà make a noise: dÀekwö· lower leg bone: godzax·Î make a sound: dedi, dÀekwö· lumber: dech‡kàà, dets‡kàà make corrections for: yegha ehkwöi ayele lung: godzehdeÀ make fire: nagoÀhkö· lung disease: godzehdeÀ tàda make fire again: nagoÀhkö· Lupin Mine: KÎköetÃ 186 make oneself into: edeets‡ marrow: edzaziÃ, edzazhiÃ make peace: nakenahohts‡ marry: yÃhchi, yÃhtsi (one person) xonÃda, xonÍda, x·nÃda, x·nÍda make plans: edexÀ siÃgole (plural people) xonÃgidÀ, x·nÃgidÀ make signs in sign language: nà˙etsÍ (two people) xonÃgiitöa, x·nÃgiitöa make sounds: (small animals) yàÀdi, yàrÀdi marten: n·hwhe, wha make the sign of the cross: edezÍ‡ köe yahti, marvel at: yeghàhoeli edezhÍ‡ köe yahti Mass: lamÀ make war: egh· mast: tsöimbàach‡Í, tsöimbàats‡Í make way!: ak·Î, ek·Î mat: tÀ make wood shavings: nàyeeghà matches: dege male: donezÃi, donezhÃi, d·zÃi, d·zhÃi matchstick: degech‡Í, degets‡Í male caribou: ekwÎ wedzi mate: (animals) ehköaàdÀ, (animals) ehköàodÀ male dog: t¯‡ezÃi, t¯‡ezhÃi material for a beaverös lodge: egh·hkÈÈ male genitals: goyÀ Mattberry Lake: WekwÃtöa‡l‡‡ TÃ mallard: chih, tsih mattress: daÀhtewÕ, ehtewÕ man: done, donezÃi, donezhÃi, d·, d·zÃi, d·zhÃi maul: yedzi˙à, yedzÃi˙à manager: asÃi gha köàowo May: T·doo Zaà, T·tsöÃ Zaà (be) many: net¯· may it be: elÃ, lÃ, welÃ, wilÃ many: ¯· maybe: ahx·, edahx·, s·naà, s·Îni, tahkÕ, töahx· many together: -chacho, -chaso, -tsaso mayfly: ¯iwedÃa, ¯iwendÃa map: dÀ gon‡ht¯öÀÀ, ndÀ gon‡ht¯öÀÀ Mazenod Lake: Kwetsöah TÃ marbled Godwit: tsöÀz·Îkw·Î, tsöÀzh·Îkw·Î McKay Lake: N·dikahtÃ March: Detö·cho Zaà, Detö·tso Zaà, N‡htsöi Nàtsoo me: s‡ Zaà meadow: gÕz· Margaret Lake: ¤htsö·tso TÃ mean dog: t¯‡ ‡ghÎ· Marian Lake Town: Xàel‡‡ KÎ GÕlaa mean to be saying: hadi adi Marian Lake Village: Xàel‡‡ mean to talk about: ayÀhdi Marian River: GÕlo TÃ DeÀ measles: d·kwÎ xàh˙àa Marian Lake: ¤hdaaköÀ TÃ measure: yexÀ˙Ãhdzà, yexÀÃhdzà marriage: d· ehghÎzee, d· ehghÎzhee, e¯etsöÃhchÃi, e¯etsöÃhtsÃi (be) measured by the span of the arms: weköe nÃÃdÃ (be) married: xoetö‡, x·etö‡ measuring tape: wetöà ÃÃdzàa (be) married common-law: yahti dfl xogetö‡, yahti dfl x·getö‡ meat: bÕ, mbÕ married couple: e¯ed·Îke meat from the thigh and buttocks of caribou: eghohkwÎ, ewohkwÎ 187 mechanic: satsÎ ghàlaedaa d·Î Mesa Lake: Gotsö·kà TÃ medicinal plant for swelling, tall, yellowish, (be) messy: gotsöeÀdi near rocks: tsöarikw·Î metal: hatsÎ, satsÎ medicinal water plant, good as a poultice for metal bucket: satsÎt· swollen skin: eehkwoo metal container: satsÎt· medicine: nàÀdi metal hide-scraper: ‡ghoh, satsÎ kwetÀ medicine bottle: nàÀdi t· metal sheet: satsÎtö·fi, satsÎtö·· medicine person: d· ‡kö·Î el‡‡, d· ‡kö·Î köÀez··, d· ‡kö·Î köÀezh··, ‡kö·Î el‡‡, töasÃi köÀez··, töasÃi (be) meticulous: hotii niw· köÀezh··, töasÃi köÀÀzh·· Metis: waàköÎfi, weghaÀhköÎfi medicine power: ‡kö·Î midday: dzfltani medicine song: ‡kö·Î z‡Í, ‡kö·Î zh‡Í middle: tani (be) mediocre: nez‡choÕ-le, nez‡tsoÕ-le middle dogs of a team: t¯‡ tani whetee meet: ye˙Í middle of the body: go‡nii, gonii meet each other: e¯etsöe˙Í middle of the house: kÎ gotani meet up with: yeghaet¯a middle of the lake: tadzàa, tajàa, taköÀ meeting: e¯etsöeÀhdÃi middle of the night: to tani meeting up with: yenÃd·Î et¯e middle second crosspiece of snowshoes: tani melt: eÀhköÎ, naegh‡, naey‡, nay‡ ekwöa melt (it): nayehx‡ middle-aged person: cheko ·hdaà, tseko ·hdaà melted ice along the shores above open water: middleman between trader and people: eköaàwi, t·doa, t·doo köaàwi melting snow: ‡ze, zah eehköÎ·, zah nay‡‡, zhah midget: d·tsoa eehköÎ·, zhah nay‡‡ midnight: to tani mend: kö·Îyeedli midnight sun: toghàà n·bawee mend by weaving: kö·Îyeet¯ö‡ midsummer: ‡mbÀ tani menstrual hut: tsöimÎkÎ midwinter: xo tani menstruate: mÎhtöa goÀhkö· migrating: (animals) nae˙à, (birds) naedÀ menstruation: sa taàtöe tsöÀko tsö‡l‡‡ mile: dech‡, dets‡, -ech‡, -ets‡ (be) mentally disabled: ez‡el‡, ezh‡el‡ milk: edzietöÕÕ, ejietöÕÕ, gotöÕÕ (be) mentally ill: wekwÃ go‡z·-le, wekwÃ go‡zh·-le million: lemÃiy·Î (be) merciful to: eteyeÀh˙‡ mimic: yeköaÀ˙‡, yexÀ˙‡ merganser: kwo degoocho, kwo degootso mind: go‡nÃ, gonÃ merlin: tatsehtsoa minister: kwetöÍ‡ yahtiÃ merriment: sÃgoÀtö‡, s· mink: tehdzi, tehji (be) merry: s·niw· minute: lagÀa, nagÀa 188 (be a) miracle: eniÃyah moccasins without flaps: kech‡Íhk· whÃle, kets‡Íhk· whÃle mirage: dÀexÀ dagoÍhz‡Í, dÀexÀ dagoÍhzh‡Í, dÀexÀ dagoÍz‡Í, dÀexÀ dagoÍzh‡Í mom: gom·, mamà Mirage Island: Kwecho DiÃ, Kwetso DiÃ Monday: EdaidzflÈköeÀ, EdaidzflÈköere mire: eht¯öÀetöoo, eht¯öÀköÕÕ money: s·Îmba mirror: daàtsöeedaa, deghàtsöeedaa, wetöà money left over: s·Îmba de˙ÎÎ kàet¯öÃi edeghàtsöeedaa money that remains: s·Îmba de˙ÎÎ kàet¯öÃi (be) miserable: eteÀtö‡, etenÀtö‡, wegha gotsöeÀdi monster: m·Î (be) miserable situation: etehoÀtö‡, gotsöeÀdi month: sa miss (him) in the hand game: yegha˙edÃ month, combining form: -zaà miss in shooting: eghaehköÀ, eghahoehköÀ, moon: adzflzaà, adzflzah, sa, tog·hsa yeghaehköÀ moonlight: adzfl, adzflzah xen‡‡d‡ missile: kwiÃcho edeehköÀe, kwiÃcho nechàa, kwiÃtso edeehköÀe, kwiÃtso netsàa moose: dedÃi, dendÃi, gol· (be) missing: dik·Àhkwöo moose antlers: dedÃidÀ missing: whÃle Moose Bay: DendÃatÃ (be) missing again: nawhÃle moose hide: dedÃiwÕ mission: yahtikÎ moose hide canoe: dedÃiwÕ elà mist: ˙àh, ti datse, ti ratse, ti tatse moose meat: dedÃikwÎ, gol·kwÎ mistakenly: ek·Î-le mooseberry: dedÃidzÃe, dedÃijÃe (be) misty: ˙àh daetse mop: wetöà dech‡tÀ köena˙etsee, wetöà dets‡tÀ köena˙etsee mitt: dzih, jih more than: daatsöÎ, de˙ÎÎ, köÀÀ˙ÎÎ, we˙ÎÎ, mitts of caribou hide with hair left on: wedaatsöÎ, wenahköe degh·dzih, degh·jih more than anyone: d· nahköe, d·˙ÎÎ mitts to the wrist: dzihbàa, jihbàa more than that: eyi˙ÎÎ mix: yehtÃ morning: köemflÈd·Î, köom·Îd·Î mixed in with (postposition): weta Morning Star: weköÀahkaa, whÎ köÀahkaa mixed together (postposition): e¯eta mosquito: dedzi, deji, kwöih moccasin: ke mosquito bite: dedzi hàgÕ‡hdoo köÀ, deji moccasin decorative border: kechfifi nawhetöii, hàgÕ‡hdoo köÀ, kwöi kàgo‡hdoo köÀ ketsfifi nawhetöii Mosquito Creek: TamÍfi DeÀ moccasin flap for wrapping the ankle: kech‡Íhk·, kets‡Íhk· mosquito net: dedziwÕ, dejiwÕ, kwöihwÕ moccasin strings: kech‡Íht¯öiÃ, kets‡Íht¯öiÃ, mosquito oil: kwöit¯eÀ kech·Îht¯öiÃ mosquito spray: dedzi nàÀdi, deji nàÀdi, kwöi moccasin trim: kedane, kedfifi nàÀdiÃ, kwöit¯eÀ moccasin upper: ketöa moss: kwöah 189 mossberries: kwöadzÃe, kwöajÃe movie: en‡ht¯öÀ nàedaa, soÕ, shoÕ most: denahköe movie projector: wetöà en‡ht¯öÀÃchÃi nàedaa, wetöà en‡ht¯öÀÃtsÃi nàedaa motel: natsöeetee kÎ (be) much: net¯· moth: köÕm·tsoa much: hÕt¯öÕ, ¯· mother: amà, àma, gom·, mamà, (old word) enfl mud: eht¯öÀ mother and child: e¯ezaake, e¯ezhaake mud puddle: tichöiÃ, titsöiÃ mother dog: t¯‡m· muddy water: eht¯öÀtÃ mother-in-law: ehts‡, gots‡ mukluks: hoteÀdà kÀ, hoteÀdà libàà, xotendà kÀ, motor: t¯ehtsöi xotendà libàà motorbike: wekÀ etsöaet¯ee, wekÀ etsöaÀhmÎ·, muscle: gochöÃÃ, gotsöÃÃ wekÀ nàke muscle on upper arm: gokwöÍliÃ moulting ducks: ehchi, ehchi dÀ˙eh, ehtsi mushroom: dlÕodiÃ, dlÕondiÃ mountain: sÃh, shÃh (be) mushy: det¯Õo mountain bluebird: ch‡fi dÀht¯öÀe, ts‡fi dÀht¯öÀe music: en‡ht¯öÀedz‡‡, en‡ht¯öÀej‡‡, s‡, sh‡ mountain ice: sÃhka goliÃ, shÃhka goliÃ muskeg: tsöoo, tsöooköe Mountain people: Nah˙fifi gotö‡Í, sÃhta gotö‡Í, shÃhta gotö‡Í muskeg water: dÀgotÃ, kwöatÃ mountain range: sÃdeÀ, shÃdeÀ muskox: hozÃi edzie, hozÃi ejie mountainous region: sÃh nÀköe, shÃh nÀköe muskrat: dz·, tehköàa mountaintop: sÃhka, sÃhl·, shÃhka, shÃhl· muskrat lodge: dz·kÈÈ, dz·kÍÍ mourn: wegha dÃÀ muskrat push-up: dz·kÈÈ, dz·kÍÍ mouse: dlÍfi muskrat root plant: dz·diÃ mousetrap: dlÍfi ehdzoÕ muskrat skin: dz·wÕ moustache: godaghà, wedfifi wedaghà mustard: köàbatsÎÎ, köàmbatsÎÎ mouth: gowà mutton: sahz·kwÎ, sahzh·kwÎ mouth area: godfifi mutual: e¯e- mouth of a river: kàta‡˙àa, dehköÀ n‡whel‡‡ my friend: àg‡fi movable belongings: gohtö· my goodness: yaazeh, yaàzeh move (intransitive verb): nàeda my oh my: yaazeh, yaàzeh move about randomly: (plural objects) köet¯öÕ my older brother: k‡nde, s‡nde move ahead in line: (material objects) ehdaànaet¯öÕ my older cousin: k‡nde, s‡nde move around: (cars, skidoos, boats) köegohwho my older sister: aba, amba move from side to side: köee˙o, köere˙o my!: etsoÕ move the feet: nàetà mythical, comical spirit person: dzÀhkwö‡Í move to a different location: (one or two people) tàet¯a 190 (be) neat: nez‡ neck: eköoh, goköoh English neck bones: goköohkwö·Î neck glands: goköàhkaà neck tendons: goköàhchöÃÃ, goköàhtsöÃÃ Nahanni Butte : Nah˙finÀn necklace: wh·Îzaa, wh·Îzhaa nail : gotsÀ necktie: köoÕtsöehchii, köoÕtsöehtsii nail clipper: wetöà golag·Î köetsöeetöàa (be) need: nàhotÃ nail down: yedeÀhtsÀ need: niw· naked: ‡htöe need to go out to the bathroom: kàihsà niw·, name: goizÃ, go‡zÃ xàihsà niw· name (it): yeÃzÃi needle: dat‡ Name of a prophet from Deline: EhtsÀe needle case: dat‡wÕ (be) named: wÃyeh needle for lacing snowshoes: wetöà ˙ah tsöeghaa nape: goköohch‡Í, goköohts‡Í (be) needy: nàtÃ napkin: dehsÎ·, dehshÎ·, d·hsÎ·, d·hshÎ· nephew of a man: gohsah (be) narrow: neghoa, neghori nephew of a woman: gozaà, gozhaà, gozhàa narrow cloth trim (old type): lÃmerÃ, lÃmflÈ, lÃmbeÀ nerves: wetöà dÀtsöeedÃi, wetöà edetsöeedÃi narrow lake: tidaa (be) nervous: w‡nÃ dedz‡, w‡nÃ dej‡ narrow point of land: ehdaköÕa nest: etöoh narrows: d‡‡ka net: mÍ nasal cavities: gochÍhta, gotsÍhta net fish: ¯iwe elÃ nasal cavity: go‡ghÎyÃi net marker: mÍhköÀ nasal mucus: go‡chfihdl‡Í, go‡tsfihdl‡Í net pole: em·Îch‡Í, em·Îts‡Í native language: d· yatiÃ net string: em·ÎtöÃi native person: d· dez·· never learn one’s lesson: edeköÀhoÀhzà-le, edeköÀhoÀhzhà-le natural type of: deÀdl‡‡, edeÀdl‡‡ new: -gÕÕ (be) naughty: nàgoehde new area: gogÕÕ nausea: tih¯‡‡ godzeÀ köeÃt·, tih¯‡‡ godzeÀ kö‡Ít· new hide: ewÕew·· navel: gobÕkwöia news: godi, gondi navy blue: dÀht¯öÀe dez·· newspaper: godi en‡ht¯öÀ, gondi en‡ht¯öÀ near (postposition): wegà next: eyit¯öàx·· (be) near: niwà-le next day: eköÀdaedzflÈ, sach·, sats· (be) nearby: niwà-le, niwà-lea next to: ‡˙ÎÎ, na˙ÎÎ, -töÎ, wegà, wetöaa, wetöÎ, nearly: töe wet¯öàx·Î 191 (be) nice: nez‡ nostril: go‡chfifi, go‡tsfifi (be) nice situation: ho‡z‡ (be) not: niÃle, nÃle nicely: hotiÃ, nez‡Í not: -le niece of a man: gohsah not a thing: asÃi wiizÃi niece of a woman: gozaà, gozhaà, gozhàa (be) not afraid: dedz‡-le, dej‡-le night: to, too, xÀhtsöÎ (be) not deep: (water) tago‡hwhàà-le night raider during earlier times: nàhgfi (be) not fleshy: wekwÎ whÃle nine: ¯·Ît· not having one’s way: go‡nÃ köÀÀ-le nineteen: hoÕn· daatsöÎ ¯·Ît· not know what to do: aodÀe whÃle, awedÀe whÃle ninety: ¯·Ît·Àn· not like that: hanÃ-le, kanÃ-le nipple: gotöÕÕkwÃa not possible: ha dÃÀ, xa dÃÀ nit: zàehkwö‡fi, zhàehkwö‡fi not present: whÃle no: Íle (be) not proud: d· edeew·-le (be) no good: nez‡-le (be) not so good: nez‡choÕ-le, nez‡tsoÕ-le no matter!: hÕ, kÕ (be) not thick: det·-lea nobody: d· wiizÃi, d· w‡‡zÃi (be) not very good: nez‡choÕ-le, nez‡tsoÕ-le nod the head: köekwÃetöah, nÎ·kwÃetöa (be) not well: hotii eda-le nod the head up and down: dahkwÃetöa not yet: ‡¯aà-le (be) noisy situation: nàgoede, wedagoÀhwhÕ, notch at arrow end: köÍlageÀ wedagoÕhwhÕ nothing: asÃi wiizÃi, dàÕdÃ, dàwhÃdÃ (be) noisy with voices: nàdahoewo (be) nothing amiss: esagÎhtöe-le, töasagÎhtöe-le (be) non-existent: wewhÃle, whÃle November: Ehdzo NÃzee Zaà, Ehdzo Nizhee Zaà, none at all: wiizÃi, wizÃi, w‡‡zÃi Ez·dzflÈ Zaà, Ezh·dzflÈ Zaà noon: dzfltani now: diÃ, köÎfitöa noose: weköÀghoköÀ now and then: sÃghfiwfiË Norman Wells: T¯egÎh¯‡‡ nowadays: dii dzflÈ köe nÀhonÍ‡wo, dii dzflÈ köe nÃhÕ‡wo, diÃ Norris Lake: ¤töÎ TÃ nudge: yechöaehtsi, yetsöaehtsi north: ch‡köÀ, ts‡köÀ, ‡kwÈfl (be) numb: ÍwhÎ North Arm of Great Slave Lake: Tahga nun: D·xaa, D·xare north country: edzanÀköe nun’s residence: d·xaa kÎ north wind: ch‡köÀ n‡htsöiÃ, ts‡köÀ n‡htsöiÃ nurse: D·xaa, D·xare northern comandra: lÃgaez·Î, lÃgaezÎfi nursing station: d·xaa kÎ, nàÀdi köÀez·· kÎ, nàÀdi northern lights: naka, nàaka köÀezh·· kÎ nose: go‡ghÎ, go‡ts‡ nuts: ez‡, ezh‡, ezh‡ne nose around: köe˙etsÍ, köeetsÍ 192 (be) okay with: wegha esanÃle old: -chöiÃ, -tsöiÃ, whaàtsö·, -z··, zh·· English old age: s·Î old age pension: eneÀko s·Îmbaà old area: goz··, gozh·· o’clock: -gh· nÀni˙·,o -gh· nÃ‡˙·, nÃ‡˙· old bucket: t·hchöiÃ, t·htsöiÃ oath: yati nàtsoo tsöehts‡‡ old bull moose: dedÃiz·Î, dedÃizh·Î oatmeal: lawË, t¯‡chodiÃ, t¯‡tsodiÃ old dog: t¯‡z·fi, t¯‡z·Î, t¯‡zh·fi, t¯‡zh·Î obey: yeköÀÀ ·töe, yeköÀ‡töe Old Fort Rae: N‡hsÃh KÎ, N‡hshÃh KÎ object hidden in the hand while playing the Old Fort Rae site: N‡hsÃh KöÀ, N‡hshÃh KöÀ hand game: idzi old house: kÎ goz·fi, kÎ gozh·fi observe: yehoehdi, yexoehdi (be) old in age: ·hdah, ·hndah obviously: l·Î, n·Î old lady: (polite word) ehts‡ occur: ade old man: eneÀko, enoko occurred: adzà, ajà (polite word) ehtsÀe ocean: ticho, tideÀ, tindeÀ, titso, yabahtÃ, yambahtÃ old person: eneÀko, enoko October: Ehtsöo Köe Yatsöehtii Zaà old squaw duck: à˙ËfiwfiË, àfiwfiË of: wegh· old-time story: whaÀhd·Î godiÃ (be) of a certain size: a‡hz·, a‡hzh· old tree: tsöiz·Î, tsöizh·Î off the trail: tichöa, t‡chöa, t‡tsöa old type of snare: ekà offering up: (plateful) dayaka old woman: tsöÀz·Î, tsöÀz·Îko, tsöÀzh·Î, office: en‡ht¯öÀkÎ tsöÀzh·Îko, tsö·Îko office building: en‡ht¯öÀ weghàlaedaa kÎ older brother: go‡nde office clerk: en‡ht¯öÀ köÀdÃi older man: d· ·hdaà offshore: ‡kwÈfl older people: ·hdah, ·hndah offspring: gotsöih˙Î· d·Î older sister: goba, gomba oh my goodness!: edÃ de˙ÎÎ older stepbrother: Î·tsö· go‡nde oil: t¯eh older stepsister: Î·tsö· goba oil company: t¯eh gha köàodÀe g‡l‡‡ older woman: tsöÀko ·hdaà oil drum: t¯eh lÃbaà oldest daughter: gotÃ ·hdaà oil pail: t¯eht· oldest member of the family: go˙·hdaà oil pipeline: t¯eh satsÎ kö·weÀ old-timer’s cap: whaÀhd·Î tsöaà oil stove: t¯eh dÀköÎ· satsÎÎ old-timers: whaÀhd·Î ointment: nàÀdi t¯eÀ, t¯eh on: weka, weköe, weköetsöÎ (be) okay: esanÃle, töasanÃle on (his/her) side of: wetsö·Îhköe 193 on account of: tsöih˙Î, tsö‡h˙Î, tsö·˙Î open: (door) enÃkàetÍ, enÃxàetÍ on account of that: eyitsöih˙Î, eyitsö·˙Î (plural objects) yetsö·dàakà˙eewa, yetsö·dàaxàewa on behalf of: weda (single object) yetsö·dàakàechi, yetsö·dàaxàechi, on each other: e¯eköe yetsö·dàaxàetsi on foot: edekwö·Î töà open (it): enÃkàyeetÍ, enÃxàyeetÍ, yedakàetöà, yedaxàetöà on one side of: wegh·hköeÀ open crack in the ice: t·nÃ‡dlaa gee gÕ˙·· on purpose: ax·diÃ open out in shape: daÀcha, daÀtsa (be) on the alert: hotii wheda open the door: enÃkàechi, enÃkàetsi, enÃxàechi on the side of: wetsö·Îhköe open water during winter: takwöi (be) on the sunny side: sadeÀ xen‡‡d‡ (be) opened: (one thing) wedakàetÍ, wedaxàetÍ on top of: weka opening: etsö·daà, xàgo‡h˙àa köÀ on top of an area: goka opening at top of tepee: mÎwà once: ‡¯àà, ‡¯Àahtöaà operate on: nàyetöà once in a while: ¯ààgh·Î operation: d· nàtöàa one: ‡¯À or: hanÃ-le dÀ, kanÃ-le dÀ one after another: e¯eköÀÀ (be) orange: deköo dekwo one after another in a line: e¯eköÀÀdaà orange colour: dzÃeköoÕ, dzÃeköoÕ làanÃ, jÃeköoo, one at a time: ‡¯Àahtöaà jÃeköoÕ, jÃeköoÕ làanÃ one before last: eköÀdi orange fruit: dzÃeköoÕ, jÃeköoo, jÃeköoÕ one each: wexÀet¯· orange pop: dzÃeköoÕ tÃ, jÃeköoÕ tÃ one in charge of hunting: nàzÀe gha köàowo order (him/her): yeh˙a one of: ‡¯Èfl order (it): yehaehti, yekaehti one of a pair: -köÀÀ, weköÀÀ order around: köeyeh˙àh one shoe or moccasin from a pair: keköÀÀ order for: yehaehti, yekaehti one side: -köÀÀ organize an event: hohts‡ one-piece suit: ‡¯àanàtsöewoo original: deÀdl‡‡, edeÀdl‡‡, -ndeÀ, s·Î¯‡‡ onion: t¯öotsöiÃ orphan: tsöinakee only: z· other: eyiÃle, eyi-le only like that: hanÃ z·, kanÃ z· other end of the lake: ti köet¯öà only now: kö·Îtöa other side: etsöÀe˙Î·neÀ, Î·tsö·neÀ (be) only one: ‡¯àetöee otter: nàbe, nàmbe only that way: hanÃ z·, kanÃ z· our house: gokÎ only then: kö·Îtöa out: (prefix) hà-, kà-, xà-

194 out in the lake: ‡kwÀe out of joint: xàch‡deÀwÕ, xàts‡deÀwÕ (be) out of money: weköe‡tÎ, wekö‡‡tÎ English out of water: (prefix) tekà-, texà- (be) out-of-order: nàetÎ outboard motor: t¯ehtöoÕ, t¯ehtsöi p outer ear: godzeÀbàa, godzeÀmbàa pack: xeh outer throat area: goköàhts·Î pack (him/her/it) home: etayeehxe outhouse: sÎkÎ, tsÎkÎ pack around: köexeyeechi, köexeyeetsi, köeyege outside: mÎhtöa, mÎtöa packsack: tehmÍ outside door: mÎhtöa tsö·neÀ enÃ‡t· paddle: töoÕ outside of the Northwest Territories: mÕlanÀköe paddle around: köetöÕ outside the family: e¯ad‡‡ paddle to shore: tàehke, tàhke oven: weyÃi bÕ kàetöÀe, weyÃi bÕ xàetöÀe paddling along: naetöÕ oven cleaner: weyÃi bÕ kàetöÀe dat¯eÀ padlock: enÃ‡t· köe whe˙·· ladlÃ, kÎ ladlÃ, ladlÃ over: daatsöÎ, wete dÀhnÃ‡h˙··, wetöà enÃedoo over here: dihdflÈ, dii yeÀ (be) paid: wetsöà˙eedÃ over the fire: ‡daa pail: t· over the limit: de˙ÎÎ paint: en‡ht¯öÀtÃ over the other side of: we˙·hköeÀ paint for metals: satsÎ en‡ht¯öÀtÃ over there: yah˙ÎÎ, yee, yeÀ paint things: eet¯öÀ overdone: etsoÕ paintbrush: en‡ht¯öÀtÃch‡Í, en‡ht¯öÀtÃts‡Í overflow: tatÃ, ti daÃwÃi palm flesh of the hand: golakwÎ overflow of land: ndÀ datiÃwÃi, ndÀ ti daÃwÃi palm of the hand: golat¯öah overshoes: dech‡ket¯Ãa, dets‡ket¯Ãa Palm Sunday: T¯öo GotaezÀe DzflÈ, T¯öo GotaezhÀe DzflÈ owl: m·hgw‡, wohgw‡, w·hgw‡ pancakes: ¯ÀtöÀht¯Õa own: (plural animate objects) xàwhehte panic: dÀhyeh (single animate object) xàwheht‡ pant: (verb) dehwhe owning: wetsö· panties: t¯öà˙etöaà, t¯öàatöaà oxfords: dech‡ke dezhÃi, dets‡ke dezÃi pants: t¯öà˙eh paper: en‡ht¯öÀ, en‡ht¯öÀwÕ, n‡ht¯öÀ paper bag: en‡ht¯öÀwÕ ·hchÃa, en‡ht¯öÀwÕ ·htsÃa paralysed person: d· nàeda-lee parcel: xeh 195 parched area: go‡zàà, go‡zhàà pelt (noun): tsàwÕ parka: baà˙eh, lÃbalà˙eh, nÎmbalà˙eh pelt with small objects: yeehsÃ, yeehshÃ parka cover material: lÃbalà˙eh ka pelt with things or blows: nàyeehsÃ, nàyeehshÃ parka or jacket trim: ˙e köe whelaa pemmican: etsÍt¯e parka trim: lÃbalà˙eh köe whelaa pen: en‡ht¯öÀch‡Í, en‡ht¯öÀts‡Í part of the body: goköÀÀ pencil: en‡ht¯öÀch‡Í, en‡ht¯öÀts‡Í (be) partially paralyzed: goköÀÀ e¯aÀwi penicillin: wetöà goÃgoo nàÀdiÃ particles of: -gwÃi peninsula: ehda, ehdaköÕa parting in the hair: kwÃgha tani nàgo‡˙àh peninsula connected to the mainland by a rocky bar of land: wetahkweÀ pass away: wewhÃle penis: gochÍfi, gotsÍfi passageway: dexagoÀ˙àa penny: satsÎ dekwoa, satsÎfi, satsÎekwoa passed away: whÃle pension cheque: eneÀko cheÀ, eneÀko tseÀ past: de˙ÎÎ people: done, d· past a location: go˙·Î people along the shore of the North Arm of past (postposition): wexa Great Slave Lake: Tahga gotö‡Í past in time: ‡dii people from our side of the family: gotsöih˙Î· Past Tense marker: ‡lÀ, nilÀ d·Î past that: eyi˙ÎÎ people given in marriage: d· ehghÎzee, d· path: eköÀlÃi köÀ, et·, köÀlÃi, t‡li ehghÎzhee (be) patient: hotii ·töe, ‡whfiË niw·-le people long ago: whaÀhd·Î patient: d· eyael‡‡, d·yael‡ people of an area: gotö‡Í paw: ekÀ pepper: d‡‡tsöea, d‡‡tsöia pay: yetsöà˙ehdÃ peppermint: sÃga m·Îla pay back: (money, credit account) nayeele percussion cap: t¯öehgwe pay no attention to: yetsöÎ nie˙à-le perfume: dÀgot¯öÕo, yÃköet¯öÕo, zÃköedea, zÃköet¯öÕa, zÃköet¯öÕo, zhÃköedea, zhÃköet¯öÕa, zhÃköet¯öÕ (be) peaceful situation: nàgoede-le perhaps: tahkÕ, töahx· peacefully: tsöÀwh‡, tsöÀwh‡fi period of long daylight: toghàà n·bawee peak of the roof: kÎ gokwÃtöaà period of time when the dusk is long: n·bawee peanut butter: dlÕodiÃ, dlÕondiÃ, dlÕotsÎÎ permafrost: dÀ goyÃi gÕht··, ndÀ goyÃi gÕht··, ndÀ pebble: kweghÍfi, kweyÍfi yÃi gÕht·· peck at: yeköego˙à person: done, d· peel: (noun) wetöiÃ person who does not drink alcohol: d· yed·-le pellet gun: kwewa kwiköÃÃ person who has a speech problem: d· whàdeedl‡ pellets: kwewa person who serves at a feast: nà˙eedÃi d·Î 196 person with poor posture: d· wen·kwö·Î whezÕo pills: nàÀdi person without the use of their legs: d· pilot: en‡ht¯öÀköetöaa köÀdÃi d·Î, tsöietöaa köÀndÃi d·Î kwö·Îdeedl‡ pilot-bread: ¯ÀtöÀhg· personally: xàà, xàÀ, xàrÀ pimples: go‡nÃ yÃ‡t¯öii perspective: nàowo pinch: kàyehde, xàyehde persuade: dahoehnÀ pine cones: gotsöÎ·hdzÃi, gotsöÎ·hjÃi pester: pink: dzÀhköo, dzÀhwà, dzÀhwà làanÃ (plural actors) yeköadaedÀ (single actor) yeköadaewo pintail: Ëataasah, waatiàsaà, waat‡àsaà, wotà‡sah, wÕotiasah pet dog: t¯‡ go‡z·fi, t¯‡ go‡zh·fi pipe for smoking: tsöiÃkwe pharmacy: nàÀdi nàedÃi kÎ pipeline: t¯ehweÀ ni˙àa, t¯eweÀ ni˙àa phlegm: dehko, godehkoÕ piss: elo photograph: en‡ht¯öÀ, en‡ht¯öÀÃchÃi, en‡ht¯öÀÃtsÃi, n‡ht¯öÀ pistol: kwiköÃi neköÎfi pick: yÃhchi, yÃhtsi piston: kÎ ehts‡fi libÕÕ pick berries: dzÃe ebe, jÃe ebe, jÃe embe piston rings: kÎ ehts‡fi libÕÕ lamÎÎ pick up: nàyehtsÍ pitch (a tent): nàyeekwi (animate object) niyiÃhtÀ pitch dark: natsÎàghe (chunky object) niyiÃchi, niyiÃtsi (cloth object) niyiÃ˙ah, niyiÃhchih, niyiÃhtsih (be) pitiful: eteÀtö‡, etenÀtö‡ (containerful) niyiÃht‡ (be) pitiful conditions: etehoÀtö‡ (heavy object) niyiÃhxe pity: eteÀ˙‡, etenÀ˙‡ (many things) niyiÃwa (plateful) niyiÃkà place: weköÀÀ gÕ˙·· (plural objects) niyiÃle place down: pickerel: ehchöÈfl, ehtsöÈfl (animate object) nÃyehtÀ (small type) ehchöÈfi, ehtsöÈfi (chunky object) nÃye˙a (cloth object) nÃye˙ah, nÃyehchi, nÃyehtsi picnic (verb): xàgoÀhköÎ (heavy object) nÃyehxe picture: en‡ht¯öÀÃchÃi, en‡ht¯öÀÃtsÃi (many things) nÃyewa pig: gogÕh (plateful) nÃyeekà (plural objects) nÃyele pile on: (rigid object) nÃyetÍ (many things) eköÀyeewa (single object) nÃyeechi, nÃyeetsi (single object) eköÀyeechi, eköÀyeetsi place of: (suffix) -köÀ pile together: (many things) ¯Ëfi nÀyewa place up: (plural objects) ¯Ëfi nÀyele (chunky object) dayeÀchi, dayeÀtsi (cloth object) daye˙a pile up: (plural objects) nÃÃt¯öi (heavy object) dayehxÀ (be) piled up: (plural objects) ¯Ëfi nÃze, ¯Ëfi nÃzhe (many objects) dayewa (plateful) dayeekà pillow: kwÃ˙ah (plural objects) dayÀh¯e pillowcase: kwÃ˙awÕ 197 place where a river flows into a lake: dekà‡˙àa, point (verb): dahkwöiekwi tiköeÀniwhel‡‡ point of a needle: dat‡l· place where a river flows out of a lake: ehch‡Àl‡‡, point of land: ehda ehts‡Àl‡‡ (be) pointed: goÀchöoo, goÀtsöoo, goÕchöoo place where caribou was slaughtered: ÎhköÀ pointed island: di nà‡chöoo, di nà‡tsöoo place where moose live: dedÃi edaa köÀ poison: nàÀdii¯‡‡ place which has never had a forest fire, good for trapping: dedl‡‡n‡ poke: yego (be) placed: (plural objects) nÀzhe, nÃze poker: geh (be) placed down in the water: (chunky object) polar bear: sah degoo cho, sah degoo tso, sahcho tÀenÃÃtöà, tÀenÍtöà degoo, sahtso degoo (be) placed in the water: (chunky object) tÀetöà pole: dech‡, dets‡, wha (be) placed on: (single object) nÃtöa pole for boat: tsöitÀ plane tool: dech‡ÍghÕa, dets‡ÍghÕa, köeÀzia pole standing up: dech‡ nà‡˙aa, dets‡ nà‡˙aa plane knife: dech‡xàà, dets‡xàà pole structure: wha plank: dech‡kàà, dets‡kàà police: d· nàhtsÍ‡ d·Î, ehkwöiahti, ekwöahti, kwöahti plastic: dahtö·Î police station: d· nàhtsÍ‡ d·Î kÎ plate: kwöà, kwöàkàa, kwöàt¯öaa polite word for an older man: go˙eh plate underneath stove: satsÎt¯öaa kwöà pond: tia plateau which runs from Whati to Fort pool: dÀgotÃa Providence: N·dÃi pool room: gohzÃgoo töà s·nàtsöedÀe kÎ, play: nàgoze, nàgozhe gohzhÃgoo töà s·nàtsöedÀe kÎ (one person) s·nàwo (be) pooled: (liquid) nÃÃt¯öi (people) s·nàdÀ (be) poor: eteÀtö‡, etenÀtö‡ play cards: nàxoeghà (be) poor situation: etehoÀtö‡ play checkers: köenae˙à pop (it) open: yenÃts·ehköÀ play hand game: egidzi pop open: wenÃts·eköÀ plead: nàdaetÃ pop up: yaÀhköÀ (be) pleasant: ho‡z‡, w‡nÃ nez‡ Pope: Yahtità please oneself: edegha nez‡Í atö‡ poplar: töoo pliers: satsÎ be¯exàa, satsÎ˙àa porch: etsö·daàkÎa, t‡‡dàkÎfi pluck fowl: yehchöi, yehtsöi porcupine: chöoh, diedah, tsöih, tsöoh plywood: dech‡kàà: dets‡kàà porcupine quill: chöoh tsöichöoÕ, tsöitsöoÕ tsöoh pneumonia: godzehdeÀ Íghà pork: gogÕhkwÎ pocket: köàhkàa porridge: kwechàa, lawË, t¯‡chodiÃ, t¯‡tsodiÃ, pocketknife: bea whechàa, whetsàa 198 portage: hoteh prairie with sandy soil: whatÀ possess: praise (intransitive verb): s·edi (plural animate objects) xàwhehte praise (transitive verb): yeghàs·edi, yegh·s·edi (single animate object) xàwheht‡ pray: xayaehti, yahti possessing: wetsö· prayer: yati (be) possible: wÀedi, wÀhoedi prayer book: wetöà yatsöehtii en‡ht¯öÀ, yahti en‡ht¯öÀ possible: ha dÃÃ-le prayers are said: xayaeti post office: en‡ht¯öÀ nazee kÎ, en‡ht¯öÀ nazhee kÎ, en‡ht¯öÀkÎ preach: yahti Postposition used in making comparisons: preacher: kwetöÍ‡ yahtiÃ wenahköe (be) pregnant: bebÃa wetsö·, hotii eda-le pot: t· prepare: potato: nihse, nihshe (one person) sinÃeda, sinÃet¯a, sinÍda, sinÍt¯a (people) sinÃtsöede, sinÃtsö‡de potato chips: nihsegÎfi, nihshegÎfi prepare (him/her/it): sinÃyeechi, sinÃyeetsi potato patch: nihse köÀ, nihshe köÀ (animate objects) sinÃyehtÀ potholes in the road: t‡li ghagÎ·˙àa (many things) sinÃyewa (plural objects) sinÃyele pouch, originally a flint bag: t¯öehwÕ, t¯öehwhÕ prepare (it) for sewing by cutting: sinÃyehtöà pound measure: a‡hda prepare a situation: sinÃhÕ˙à pounded dried whitefish: ¯ietsÍ, ¯iwetsÍ prepare for an event: hohts‡ pounded meat: etsÍ prepare for the next time: ˙·se niw· pour (intransitive verb): na¯aet¯öÃ prepare judgement: sinÃyaehti pour (it) out: kàyeede, na¯ayeeht¯öÃ, xàyeede prepare oneself: edexÀ siÃgole pour in a pile: ¯Ëfi nÀyeht¯öÃ presence: godaà, gondaà pour in large amounts (intransitive verb): na¯aet¯öÕ press against: yechöa˙ehdÃ, yechöaehdÃ, yeköe ade, pour into a container: deyÃiyeht¯öÃ yetsöa˙ehdÃ pour on: yeköeeht¯öÃ press back into the water with the hand: pour out (intransitive verb): tenayeedi (large volume of liquid) kàet¯öÕ, xàet¯öÕ press down on: yeköenÃÃdi (liquid or powder) kàet¯öÃ, xàet¯öÃ press into water with the hands: teyeedi powder: ¯À, ¯Àa (be) pressed down on: weköenÃÃdi powdered milk: edzietöÕÕzàa, ejietöÕÕzhàa pressure pump: n‡htsöi ehts‡‡ powdery snow: nàegàa pretty: etaàda power plant operator: eköaÀkö· kÎ ehts‡‡ köÀdÃi, satsÎ et¯ee köÀdÃi d·Î preventing something from happening (conjunction): -chöà, -tsöà prairie: gÕz· prick: yego prairie chicken: dih, ehtÕo priest: yahti 199 priests’ house: yahtikÎ pull back and forth on a sled: egh·Îyeedli principal at school: cheko ghàeht·· köàowo, pull down: hodàyeelÃ tseko ghàeht·· köàowo pull out: kàyehdlà, xàyehdlà prison: d· daÀzaa kÎ, d· daÀzhaa kÎ, d· danÃ‡laa pull out by the hand: xàgÕyeehdlà, xàgÎyeehdlà kÎ, kÎ goez·· kÎ, kwöahti kÎ pull-string: wetöà tsöeelÃi t¯öiÃ prisoners: d· danÃ‡laa d·Î, d· kÎ goez·· dÀhkwöee pull-string for fish net: teht¯öi pronounce: yeÃzÃi pulling along: nayahsÕ propeller: töoÕ pulling back along: nayaadli propeller on outboard motor: t¯ehtöoÕ kÀ pump: ehtöÕ (be) proper: nez‡ punch (him/her/it): nàyeehtöi, yeehtöi, yihtöi prophet: gogha nàtee, nakwenàa˙··, punish with a whip: nàyeehkwa nakwenàho˙··, nàtee punkwood: ekw·hdz‡Í, ekw·hj‡Í, ets··dziÃ, ets··jiÃ prophetic song: nakwenàa˙·· z‡Í, nakwenàa˙·· pupil of the eye: gonaaz·, gonakÎÎ zh‡Í puppy: t¯‡fi propose for marriage: yeekÀ pure: s·Î¯‡‡ prostitute: tsöÀkodzii, tsöÀkojii purple: dÀht¯öÀe dez··, dzÃewà, jÃewà protect: yegh·niÀt· purse: s·ÎmbawÕ köetsöeht‡fi (be) protected: wegh·nihoÀt· pus: xe (be) proud: d· edeew·, xàhodÃ push: yeköe ade prow of a boat: ‡kweÀ push around: (animate object) köeyehxà (be) prudent: hotii niw· push inside: (heavy object) goyÃiyeetsi prune: dzÃetso, jÃecho push into the fire: kwiÃyehtsi ptarmigan: köàba, köàmba push out: kàyehtsi, xàyehtsi puberty: tsöahtö‡‡ gÕlÀe push under water: (cloth object) teyehchi, teyehtsi public water tap: ti kàet¯öÃi köÀ, ti xàet¯öÃi köÀ pushing (it) along: nayaadi pucker up: (plastic, hide, or cloth) nach‡deetsöÕ, nats‡deetsöÕ pussy willow: köÕlaa puddle (verb): tia pussy willow fluff: köÕlachoÕ, köÕlatsoÕ puddle (verb): daehköÕ put (fur) on stretcher: t·ekwi puddle in rock crevice: kwekàa tia put (him/her) back in clothes: gohtö· yÃi nayehtÀ pull: yeehtöÃ, yeelÃ, yehtöÃ put (many things) inside: yeyÃiyewa pull again: nayeehtöÃ put back: (prefix) nÃa-, nÃna- (animate object) nÃayeehte, nÃnayeehte pull along: köeyehsÕ (chunky object) nayee˙à, nÃayee˙a, nÃayeechi, pull around: köeyedli nÃayeetsi, nÃnayee˙a, nÃnayeechi (cloth object) nayee˙ah, nÃayee˙ah, nÃnayee˙ah pull back: nayeehtöÃ 200 (heavy object) nÃayeehxe, nÃnayeehxe put in water: (many things) nÃayeewa, nÃnayeewa (animate object) teyehtÀ (plateful) nÃayeeka, nÃnayeeka (chunky object) teye˙à, teyeechi, teyeetsi (plural objects) nÃayeele, nÃnayeele (cloth object) teyee˙ah (rigid object) nÃayeet‡, nÃnayeet‡ (heavy object) teyehxe (many things) teyewa put back in water: (plateful) teyeeka (animate object) tenayehtÀ (rigid object) teyeetÍ (cloth object) tenaye˙ah, tenayehchih, tenayehtsih (plural objects) teyele (heavy object) tenayehxe (many objects) tenayewa (be) put on: (single object) nÃtöa (plateful) tenayeeka put on clothes on the lower body: yeyÃetà (plural objects) tenayele (rigid object) tenayetÍ put on clothing: yeyÃet¯a (single object) tenayeechi, tenayeetsi put out (fre or lights): nayehkwi (be) put back in water: tenadle put together: put back in water repeatedly: (chunky object) (plural objects) ¯Ëfi nÀyele tenaye˙à (single object) eköÀyeechi, eköÀyeetsi put clothing on: yeköe nÃye˙ah put up: (chunky object) dayeÀchi, dayeÀtsi (be) put down: (a tent) nàyeekwi (plural objects) nÀzhe (plural objects) nÃze put up a stake in gambling: yedanÃi˙· put down: (animate object) nÃyehtÀ (chunky object) nÃye˙a (cloth object) nÃye˙ah, nÃyehchi, nÃyehtsi English (heavy object) nÃyehxe (many things) nÃyewa (plateful) nÃyeekà (plural objects) nÃyele (rigid object) nÃyetÍ q (single object) nÃyeechi, nÃyeetsi quarter coin: tobÃa (be) put down in the water: (chunky object) queen: tsöÀko köàowo tÀenÃÃtöà, tÀenÍtöà queen in cards: tsöÀko put hands to: yexÀlaedi, yexÀlaÃdi, yÀlaedi Question marker: nÃ (be) put in water: (plural objects) teze, tezhe Question marker for yes-and-no questions: asÍÍ, put in fire: töasÍÍ (animate object) kwiÃyehtÀ quick: h‡whfiË, ‡ghàà, ‡whaà, ‡whfiË, k‡whfiË (chunky object) kwiÃyeechi, kwiÃyeetsi (cloth object) kwiÃyee˙ah, kwiÃyehchih, kwiÃyehtsih quicksand: eht¯öÀ endaa (heavy bag) kwiÃyeehxe (be) quiet situation: nàgoede-le (many things) kwiÃyeewa (plural objects) kwiÃyeele quiet person: d· wewà whÃlee d·Î, d· whàdeedl‡ (rigid object) kwiÃyeet‡ quietly: eh¯‡Í, eh¯Ífi, ‡h¯‡Í, ‡h¯Ífi, tsöÀwh‡, tsöÀwh‡fi quill: chöoh, tsöoh 201 quit: en·töe, yegh· en·töe, yegh· n·töe rake (verb): e¯ÀyehgwÃ, tsöÎtö·Î e¯Àhgwi Quyta Lake east of Yellowknife: WeköeÀhdl‡‡ TÃ, rapids: dehteÀl‡‡, kwegota n‡‡l‡, kweta n‡‡l‡ WeköeÀ¯edl‡‡ TÃ rash on the skin: gokwÎ ekö‡Í làanÃ raspberry: dahkàà rattle: gÕgwo English (be) ravaged by sickness: tàda tsÍyehwhi raven: tatsÎ (be) raw: det¯Õo rabbit: gah r raw: deel‡Í, ‡htöe, weel‡Í rabbit caught in a snare by the feet: kehdlo raw meat: bÕ ‡htöe, mbÕ ‡htöe rabbit skin: gahwÕ raw-hide with the hair and flesh removed: rabbit teeth: gahghÕa xatöaa rabbit tracks: gahkeÀ köÀ razor: deghabeh, deghambeh rabbit trail: gah et· razor blade: deghabehköà race (noun): ehdaàgeedÀe RCMP: ehkwöiahti, ekwöahti, kwöahti race (verb): reach sufficient numbers: köÀÀt¯·, xÀÀt¯· (one person) ehdaà eda read: yeköeyahti (people or dogs) ehdaàgeedÀ ready: hÕtöa, kÕtöa, tsöatà, xÕtöa race dogteams: ehdaàgeelÀ real: s·Î¯‡‡ race with dogs: ehdaàt¯‡geedÀ real person: d· s·Î¯‡‡ Rae: BehchokÎ, BehtsokÎ, MbehchokÎ realize: yeköÀez·, yeköÀezh·, yeköÀÀzh·, Rae Lakes: GamÀtÃ yeköÀhoez·, yeköÀhoezh·, yeköÀhoÀzh·, yeniedÃ Rae Lakes people: Etöaa gotö‡Í really: dÃÀ, kö··nÃ, siÃ, sirÀ, xàà, xàÀ, xàrÀ raft: x‡Í, x‡ne rear: ‡dÀe rag: d·hsÎ· tsöÃa, d·hshÎ· chöÃa rear end: wet¯öà ragged: -chöiÃ, -tsöiÃ rear gunsight: köàlaÀgeÀ rags: eht¯ö‡chöiÃ, eht¯ö‡tsöiÃ rebuild: nagohts‡ rain: ch·, ts· recalculate: nayehtà rain clouds: köohchöiÃ, köohtsöiÃ recall: yenadÃ, yenandÃ rainbow: köàlemÍÍ recall a situation: kenadÃ, xenadÃ raincoat: ch·h˙eÀ, ts·h˙eÀ receive a sentence: wesinÃyaeti (be) raining: ch· atö‡, ts· atö‡ receive communion: wewàetöà raise (a child): yeehse, yeehshe recently: diÃ whaà-le, diÃhköÎfi, ‡dÃ whaà-le, kö·Îtöa raisin: dzÃa, jÃa recognize: nàyÀhzÍ, nàyÀhzhÍ rake (noun): tsöÎtö·Î e¯ÀgwÃi record player: en‡ht¯öÀedz‡‡ kwöà, en‡ht¯öÀej‡‡ kwöà 202 recover from fainting: edeköÀnahoÀhzà, religious person: d· gha yahtii d·Î, d· wegha edeköÀnahoÀhzhà yatii recreation: s· remain: (animate object) aÃda recreation room: s·nàtsöedÀe köÀ (plural objects) aÃla recuperate: köaàtöÃi ade (single object) aÃ˙· recuperating: nez‡ adaade remain the same without change: aÍ¯‡ (be) red: deköo remember: kenadÃ, xenadÃ, yenadÃ, yenandÃ red berries which grow in wet moss, like large (be) remembered: wenahodÃ cranberries: tehdzÃe, tehjÃe Remembrance Day: Egh·· D·Î DzflÈ, KenatsöedÃi redcurrant: dzÃe deköoo, jÃe deköoa, jÃe deköoo DzflÈ red fox: n·gÀe dekwoo, n·gÀekwoo remove: whÃle ayeh˙‡ red or yellow berry that grows on rocks: ‡hd··, (chunky object) kàye˙à, xàye˙à ·hd·· (be) removed: (chunky object) kàtöà, xàtöà red ptarmigan: köàba deköoo, köàmba deköoo renewable resource officer: töasÃi chöà˙·· d·Î, red willow, used for medicine: köàköoo töasÃi tsöà˙·· d·Î red-necked grebe: nÎhtà rent a house: sa taàtöe kÎ nàtsöeehdÃ red-throated loon: köÀmbÀ, kwöÀmbÀ, kwö‡hmbÀe rental house belonging to the government: dÀetsöÎ köàowo kÎ red-winged blackbird: gÕhchitöÀ, gÕhtsitöÀ rented house from housing corporation: kÎ gha reed: t¯öoköàhwhiÃ köàodÀe kÎ refer to: ayÀhdi repair: seÀyele, siÃyele reflect: xen‡‡d‡ repay: yegh·yeechi, yegh·yeele, yegh·yeetsi reflect light: weköe sa‡de repeatedly: (prefix) na- reflect off: weköe sa‡d‡ replace: (single object) ehdayeechi, ehdayeetsi refrigerator: asÃi wheköÕo weyÃi whelaa, wheköÕo, reporter: yati ÃhchÃi d·Î, yati ÃhtsÃi d·Î, yati wheköÕo nà‡˙aa köàodÀe d·Î regain consciousness: edeköÀnahoÀhzà, reposition: nÃayeedi, nÃnayeedi edeköÀnahoÀhzhà (be) resealed: nadzÀ regret: edeköeel‡, yeköeel‡ research: nàowo e¯Àele Reid Lake: DziÃhtÃ, JiÃhtÃ (be) researched: wedaanàhoeta reindeer: weköÀhodÃi ekwÎÎ respect: (verb) yenaetö‡ relatives: gÕetö‡ responsible for action taken by others relax: köÀhoÀ˙a (postposition): gaam‡‡, goam‡‡ relaxing day: köÀhoÀ˙aa dzflÈ rest: nahoezÃ, nahoezhÃ release: yedeetsi restaurant: lidÃhkÎ relight: nayeÀhkö· resurrection: naÃda religion: NÎhts‡ yatiÃ (be) retarded: ez‡el‡, ezh‡el‡, go‡z·-le, go‡zh·-le 203 retarded: ez‡, ezh‡, ezh‡ne right-hand side: nàgÕtsöehnÀe return: rim: wedfifi (animate object) nÃayeehte, nÃnayeehte ring (noun): lamÎ· (chunky object) nÃayeechi, nÃayee˙a, nÃayeetsi, nÃnayee˙a, nÃnayeechi ring (verb): (cloth object) nayee˙ah, nÃayee˙ah, nÃnayee˙ah (bells) detsÕ, eetsÕ (heavy object) nayehxe, nÃayeehxe, nÃnayeehxe (phone) delÃ (many things) nÃayeewa, nÃnayeewa (phone, buzzer) eelÃ (one person) n·et¯a, n··t¯a ring (it): (bells) yeehtsÕ (plateful) nÃayeeka, nÃnayeeka ring around the sun, a sign of a storm (plural objects) nayeele, nÃayeele, nÃnayeele : (rigid object) nÃayeet‡, nÃnayeet‡ sakwÃnaÀhtöii ring-necked duck return by plane: n·etöa, n··töa : dahga, dehga ripe berries returning (adverb): eköÀtöà : dzÃe diÃdÃi, jÃe diÃdÃi ripen: diÃdi returning back: (animals) nae˙à river: deh, n‡‡l‡‡ rewrite: nayeet¯öÀ river bottom: deht¯öa rib area: ech·Î, ets·Î, goch·Î, gots·Î river channel: dehköÀ, d‡‡ka rib bones: ech·Îkwö·Î, ets·Îkwö·Î, goch·Îkwö·Î, gots·Îkwö·Î river crossing, over ice: dehte ribbon: libÎ, tsöàÀtöii river fork: deh ¯atsöi‡˙àa, ¯ÀÀdl‡‡ ribbon or cord around the hat: tsöah mahkà m·Î river-bank: dehbàa whetöii riverbank: behchà, behtsà rice: gÕa road: eköÀlÃi köÀ, köÀlÃi, satsÎ behch‡Í köÀliÃ, satsÎ rice stew: kwechàa, whechàa, whetsàa behch‡Í t‡liÃ, satsÎ behts‡Í köÀliÃ, satsÎ behts‡Í t‡liÃ, t‡li rich: ahxe road grader: köÀlÃi seÀh˙‡‡, köÀlÃi siÃh˙‡‡ rich person: d·ahxe, d· wes·Îmbaà ¯·· roadside: t‡libàa, t‡limbàa rickrack: lÃbalà˙eh köe whelaa, lÃmerÃ, lÃmflÈ, lÃmflÈ roam around: nÎ·ghÕo, lÃmbeÀ (one animal) köegoo (plural animals) köe˙à rifle: kwiköÃi roaster: kwöà ehtsö·Î ehdànÃ‡laa, kwöàcho, kwöàtso (be) right: nez‡ robber: d·dzii, d·jii, d·jire right: ehkwöi robin: goh¯Ãa, goh¯Ãi right away: -ÀtöiÃ rock: kwe right before: gokwe ÀtöiÃ, wekwe ÀtöiÃ rock crevices: kwekàachöiÃ, kwekàatsöiÃ right here: ‡ghÎ rock fragments: kwegwÃi right now: diÃtöiÃ rock outcrop: kwekàa right side: nàgÕtsöehnÀe rock tripe for medicine or tea: kwechÍ, kwetsÍ right then: hanÃ-ÀtöiÃ, kanÃ-ÀtöiÃ rocks: kwegwÕo (be) right time: deghàà nÀn‡h˙· Rocky Point: Kwe Ehda 204 roe: ekö‡Í, ¯iekö‡Í, ¯iwekö‡Í rug shampoo: dech‡tÀ köe tÀwhehchÃi dat¯eÀ, dets‡tÀ köe tÀwhehtsÃi dat¯eÀ roll around: köedee˙à ruin: tsÍyehwhi roll over: etsöadee˙a ruler: köàowo, köàowocho, köàowotso Roman writing system: kwetöÍ‡ en‡ht¯öÀ töà etsöeet¯öÀe rummage around: köe˙eeta roof: dahmÕ, kÎ gokwÃtöaà rump: et¯öà, got¯öà roof insulation: dahmÕtöaà run: (one person) t‡m·eda, t·m·eda roof lining: dahmÕtöaà run around: (one person or animal) köet‡m·eda roof of the mouth: goghohtöà run back: (one person) nat‡m·eda, nat·m·eda roofing material: kÎkwÃtöaà gohtö·Î run out: (one person) kàt‡m·eda, xàt‡m·eda, xàt·m·eda roofing materials: dahmÕkwÃtöaa run over in a vehicle: yeköe det¯a room: kÎfi run to a place: (one person) nàt‡m·eda, root: xoch‡Í, xoh, xots‡Í nàt·m·eda root medicine: dÀegh· nàÀdi runners on a sled: dech‡ehka, dets‡ehka rope: em·Îtöicho, em·Îtöitso, t¯öi running: (machine) ekÕÕ rosary: ehtsöo weköe yatsöehtii running of a watch: e˙a rosebush: ‡chÍghoÕ, ‡tsÍghoÕ running water: ti köet¯öÕo rosehip: ‡chÍ, ‡tsÍ runny nose: go‡chfihtÃ, go‡tsfihtÃ rotate: (one or two people) etsöaet¯a runny snot: go‡chfihtÃ, go‡tsfihtÃ rotating: (one or two people) etsöaet¯e rush around: (be) rotten: ‡hdzi, ‡hji (one person) nàhoehwho rotten wood: ekw·hdz‡Í, ekw·hj‡Í, tso ‡hdzii, tso (plural things) köe¯eze, köe¯ezhe ‡hjii (plural people) nàhoehdÀ rough surface: ‡ghoÕ rushed around: nàgoÃchÃ, nàgoÃtsÃ (be) round: etsöaÀhyÍfi, ‡ghÍfi, ‡yÍfi round dance: tad·whe˙a köÈÈ dagowo round stone: kweghÍfi, kweyÍfi English round-pointed needle: dat‡liÃ row around: köetöÕ (be) rowdy: nàgoehde sack for clothes: syÃwÕ, zÃwÕ, zhÃwÕ rubber boots: tiwoÕ (be) sad: tsö·Îniw·, wegha gotsöeÀdi rubber raft: weyÃi n‡htsöi tsöehts‡‡ elàà (be) sad about: yeköeel‡ rubbers: dech‡ket¯Ãa, dets‡ket¯Ãa Saddle Lake: GÕlo TÃ ruffed grouse: ehtÕo said: adi, di, ndi rug: dech‡tÀ köe tÀwhehchÃi, dech‡tÀwÕ, dets‡tÀ köe sailboat: tsöimbàa elà tÀwhehtsÃi, dets‡tÀwÕ, tÀ 205 sails: tsöimbàa sawmill: dech‡ etöàa köÀ, dets‡ etöàa köÀ salesperson: asÃi wetsöÎ nà˙etsöeehdÃi d·Î say: adi, di, ndi saliva: gowazeÀ say something: esadi, töasadi salt: dewa say that: hadi, kadi (be) same: aÍ¯‡, e¯exÀhtöe say that to (him/her/it): hayÀhdi, kayÀhdi (be) same as: aÀh¯‡, wexÀehtöe scab: goliÃ (be) same size as: yexÀ˙‡z·, yexÀ˙‡zh·, yexÀ‡zh· scaffold cache: dahtöoh same thing: e¯Àhtöe scalp: gokwÃ¯ÕÕ sand: ewaà scalp removed from the head: gokwÃwhÕ sand ridge: whatöà scar: goghoÕ sandfly: gotsöehghoa scarcely: whÍÍ sandpaper: en‡ht¯öÀwÕ gooköah scare: chöàyeeghe, tsöàyeeghe, yeehdz‡, yeehj‡ sandpiper: dahdÍfi (be) scared: dedz‡, dej‡, dÀhyeh, nedz‡, nej‡, rÀhyeh sandwich with meat: ¯ÀtöÀ bÕ wet·Î whelaa (be) scared of: yechöàej‡, yetsöàedz‡ sandy area: whagwe köe scattered bits of clouds: köohgwÃa Sandy Bay: Wha T¯öà scattered clouds: köoh ekÀÍh˙eh sandy ground with pine trees and very little scent (noun): wetsÍ undergrowth: whagwe scent (verb): yehts· sandy point: wha˙ehda school: en‡ht¯öÀkÎ, xaekÎ, xaet·kÎ sandy point narrows: whalàhÕl‡ scientist: töasÃi kàehtaa d·Î, töasÃi xàehtaa d·Î sanitary napkins: tsöÀko gohtö·Î scissors: belexaà, be¯exaà, tambeh sap: dech‡ köitÃ, dets‡ köitÃ scold (him/her): nàyeh˙· Sarah Lake: G·fih TÃ scolding: yati nàtsoo sardines: ¯iwedzÃa, ¯iwejÃa scoop net: wetöà ¯iwe natsöiÃkaa saskatoon berry: köÈfldzÃe, köÈfljÃe, kö‡fijÃe scoop out: kàyeeka, xàyeeka Satan: edàe¯‡‡, edàe¯‡nÃ scotch tape: wetöà e¯iÃdzÀe, wetöà ¯iÃdzÀe (be) satisfied with: yegh· hÕtöa masÃ niw· scoter: yaaz·fi, yààz·fi Saturday: EdàidzflÈtöÎ scow: dech‡kàà elà, dets‡kàà elà, elàcho, elàtso saucer: kwöàt¯öaa scrape (hide): yegho savage: lÃsawà scrape the hair off of: xayehdze, xayehje save: edaxàyeehtÀ, yeköÀdÃ, yeköÀndÃ scraping board for scraping hide: köeech‡Í, saw: dech‡etöàa, dets‡etöàa köeets‡Í saw up: tàyeetöà scraps: töasÃichöiÃ, töasÃitsöiÃ sawdust: tsolÀ scraps of wood: tsogwÃa sawhorse: weköe tso tàtsöeetöàa 206 scratch: kàyetsöÕ, xàyetsöÕ seem to be: atö‡ làanÃ scratch (it): yetsöÕ seem to be like: (situation) làagÎhtöe, làahÎhtöe scratch out of the earth: kàgotsöÕ seem to become like: làade scratch the surface of: yeköetöietsöÕ seem to talk like: làadi scream: ezeh, yaÀze seeming like: laàtö‡ screw (noun): godeh seeming not: làanÃ-le screw (verb): nàyeede seemingly: laànÃ, làanÃ screw (it) out: kàyede, xàyede (be) seen: kÀgaatö‡, kÀgoÀhtöÍ, wÀgoehtöÍ, xÀgaatö‡, xÀgoatö‡, xÀgoÀhtöÍ screw out: kàde, xàde seer: nakwenàa˙··, nakwenàho˙··, nàtee screwdriver: godeh kwöiÀ˙aa, godehch‡Í, godehts‡Í, wetöà godeh kàedee, wetöà godeh xàedee (be) self-reliant: edeköÀdÃ sea: yabahtÃ, yambahtÃ sell: wegh· nàedÃ seagull: behköÕ send: yedanÍ˙à seal: tehtsàcho, tehtsàtso send (him/her) away: Îyeede seam: webàa, wembàa send for: yehaehti, yekaehti, yekàÀh˙à search out: yekàeta, yexàeta send on errands: köeyeh˙àh searching for (postposition): ha, weka (be) sent for: wekàgoedÃ, wexàgoedÃ season of duck moulting around August: ehchiliÃ September: ˜iwedatsöehtÀe Zaà dÀ˙eh, ehtsiliÃ dÀ˙eh (be) seriously ill: hÕt¯öÕ eyael‡ season of thin ice: t·tsoa serpent: nàediÃcho, nàediÃtso seating: weköe tsöeÀhkwöee servant: wecheekeÀ, wetseekeÀ second: nagÀa köa˙Í serve food: nà˙eedÃ second last: n··de töÎ server: nà˙eedÃi d·Î second position: nàketöà set (verb): second stomach of caribou, often served (traps) köeyele stuffed: ebaghÕo, embaghÕo (plural objects) nÃyele second time: nàakeÀ, nàhokeÀ set net or snare: dat¯ö‡ secretary: en‡ht¯öÀ köÀdÃi settlements: kÎ gÕlaa secretly: nàe˙Ífi töà, wenaàht· seven: ¯Îhd‡ see: köeetöÍ, ye˙Í seventeen: hoÕn· daatsöÎ ¯Îhd‡ see (it) happen: wedaà agotö‡ seventy: ¯Îhd‡Àn· see again: nayee˙Í several times one after another, used after a number: ehtöaà see each other: e¯etsöe˙Í (be) severe: nàtso see visions: wenazÃi köegoke, wenazhÃi köegoke sew: nàyeeli seed: töasÃi dehsee wedzÃÃ, töasÃi dehshee wejÃÃ 207 sewage lagoon: tsÎtÃ sheep: sahz·Î, sahzÎfi, sahzh·Î, sahzhÎfi sewing bag: dat‡wÕ, wetöà nà˙etsöeelii ·hchÃa, sheet: daÀhtewÕ wetöà nà˙etsöeelii ·htsÃa shelf: töasÃi weköe da˙elaa, töasÃi weköe dawhelaa, sewing machine: satsÎ nà˙edlii, satsÎ nà˙elii weköe da˙elaa (be) sewn: nàedli shell bag: kwiköÃi t¯öehwhÕ shack: kÎfi shell for .22 gun: kwiÃtsoa shade: chà, tsà shelter: chà, tsà shade of a tree: dech‡cha, dets‡tsa shelter against wind: tsöimÎkÎ shaded: deÀcha, deÀtsa sheltered from the wind: deÀcha, deÀtsa shadow: go‡z‡Í, go‡zh‡Í, goy‡Í, gozh‡Í shepherd: sahzÎfi köÀdÃi d·Î, sahzhÎfi köÀdÃi d·Î (be) shaggy: dehso, dehsho shin-bone: godzax·Î shake: (animate object) köeyehxà shine: xen‡‡d‡ shake hands with: yelàetÎ, y‡làetÎ shine in the sun: sadeÀ xen‡‡d‡ shake out: (cloth object) yeghoh shingles: dahmÕkwÃtöaa, dahmÕtöaà shake the head: köekwÃetöah, nÎ·kwÃeye (be) shiny: weköe sa‡de shaking: tsöeh¯‡ ship: elàcho, elàtso (be) shallow: tago‡hwhàà-le shirt: kwö‡h˙eh, kwö·h˙eh shallow water: tade shit: gotsÎÎ, tsÎ shampoo: wetöà gokwÃghà köena˙etsee dat¯eÀ shiver: ¯atsöeeghàa làatö‡ (be) sharp: dÀn‡ shivering: tsöeh¯‡ sharp chest pain: godziÃwiÃ ghaköa‡˙aa (be) shocked at: yeghàhoeli sharp edge of a blade: wenÎhtöÕ (be) shocking: eniÃyah sharp edges of rocks: kweköàà shoe: ke sharp-shinned hawk: tatselea shoelace: kech‡Íht¯öiÃ, kets‡Íht¯öiÃ, kech·Îht¯öiÃ sharp-sided: nÎhtöÕ shoot: eehköÀ, yehköÀ sharpen: nayeköà shoot at: yihköÀ shave: deghagwo shoot up: yaÀhköÀ (wood) nàyeeghà shoot with bow and arrow: yehtà shave the hair off of: xayeetöà shop: nà˙edÃi kÎ, nà˙edÃi köÀ, nà˙enÃi kÎ, nà˙enÃi shawl: lihsà, lihshà köÀ, nànÃi köÀ, nànÃikÎ she or he: eded‡ shop for things: nà˙ehbà shear (it): xayeetöà shore: ti köabàa sheared hide: xatöaa shore of the ocean: tichobàa, titsobàa shed (noun): xehkÎ shoreline: ti köabàa shed (hair): nàt¯öÃ (be) short: neköÎfi 208 short fishing line: dzÃht¯öiÃ neköÎfi, jÃht¯öiÃ neköÎfi side lake: echöahtÃ, etsöahtÃ (be) short in height: dan‡‡chà-le, dan‡‡tsà-le side of body: goch·Î, gots·Î short mitts to the wrist: dzih neköÎfi, jih neköÎfi, side with: yeköe nàyahti jihköÎfi sidewalk: weköe köetsöedÀe short time: whaà-lea sideways: nÎhköÀÀ short-leafed spruce: edz·, ej· silk embroidery: lahsÃi short-necked owl: wekwÃ whÃlea (be) silly: go‡z·-le, go‡zh·-le shorter days: dzfl nÍ‡whà-le silver: s·Îmba degoo shotgun: kwewa kwiköÃÃ, kwiköÃi nechàa, kwiköÃi silver fox: s·Îmba n·gÀe netsàa silver thaw: dlÕo golÃa gÕlÀe Shoti Lake: Behcho TÃ, Behtso TÃ silver willow: köÕdaa, köÕdare should have: ha ‡lÀ (be) similar to each other: e¯exÀhtöe shoulder: eehgÕ, goehgÕ sin: shoulder-blade: egÎ·töà, gogÎ·töà, gogÎ·töàkwö·Î (noun) hoe¯‡‡ shout: ezeh (verb) hoe¯‡‡ ehts‡ shove: (animate object) köeyehxà since: gotsö· shovel: eht¯öÀkàgoo since the time of (conjunction): gotsö·, tsö· shovel out: kàyege, xàyege sinew: kwöÀ shovelled snow: zah xàgee, zhah kàgee, zhah sinew along the back: gokwöÀh xàgee sinew thread: kwöÀ shoveller, named after its call: Ëataasah, sing: edz‡, ej‡ waatiàsaà, waat‡àsaà, wotà‡sah, wÕotiasah (one person) s·nàdaewo show (him/her): yedaà hayele (people or birds) s·nàdaedÀ (small animals) yàÀdi, yàrÀdi shrew: tsàidàa sing a song of appreciation or love: etsöilah (be) shut off: weda‡˙·, wedanÃ‡˙· single-barrel gun: kwiköÃiweÀ ‡¯À shut off: yeda‡˙· sink (intransitive verb): telà shut off by twisting: yedaehge sinkers: mÍhkweÀ shuttle for backing a fish net: köàlaÃgha sinner: d·dzii, d·jii, d·jire, hoe¯‡‡ d·Î (be) shy: enÀdz·, enÀj·, ÀÀzhael‡, ÍÍzael‡, ÍÍzhael‡ sinus: gonach‡Í, gonats‡Í (be) sick: eyael‡ siren: satsÎ ezee sick: eya, eza, ezha sister: (older sister) goba, gomba sick person: d· eyael‡‡, d·yael‡ (younger sister) godÀ sickness: tàda Sister (Roman Catholic): D·xaa, D·xare side: weköabàa sister-in-law: goye side by side: e¯egh·hköeÀ sisters: e¯edÀke 209 sit: skyscraper: kÎ dan‡chàa, kÎ dan‡tsàa, kÎ (one person) wheda yahoh¯Àe, kÎ yayiÃhoh¯Àe, yayiihoh¯À (plural) tsöeÀhkwöe (be) slain: (plural objects) e¯·Îde, (single object) (two people) tsöeke e¯·Îwi sit bones: got¯öàkwö·Î slap: nàyeekà sit in water: (animate object) tÀewheda slap into the fire: kwiÃyeekà sit quietly: ‡h¯‡Í wheda slaughter each other: köe¯ehxe sit up: (animate object) dawheda Slavey people: Dehnaatö‡Í, Denaatö‡Í (be) situated: sled: behch‡Í, behts‡Í, mbehch‡Í, mbehts‡Í (single area) gÕ˙· (plural areas) gÕla sled runners: mbehch‡Í t¯öa whelaa, mbehts‡Í t¯öa whelaa six: eköÀtai sled, Inuit-type: dech‡ehka behch‡Í, dets‡ehka sixteen: hoÕn· daatsöÎ eköÀtai behts‡Í sixty: eköÀtaÀn· sleep (noun): be-, beh-, mbeh- skate: köedzo sleep (verb): skates: satsÎke (habitually) naete (one animate object) whet‡ skating rink: köetsöedzoo köÀ (plural animate objects) whete ski: köedzo “sleep” in the corner of the eyes: gonaxeÀ skidoo: egÃdoo, eköÃdoo, zakaköekÕa, zhakaköekÕa sleep late: whaà whet‡ skidoo trail: zakaköekÕa t‡liÃ, zhakaköekÕa t‡liÃ sleep period (postposition): goch·, gots· (be) skillful: edàÃyeh, edàÃzeh, edàÃzheh sleeping bag: kwetöÍ‡ tsöÕÕ, tsöÕ skillet: kwöàchÀ, kwöàtöÀe, kwöàtsÀ sleeping tarp: tÀ skin: gokwÎ, gowÕ (be) sleepless: behchöatsöeewi, behtsöatsöeewi skin (verb): yewÕehchöi, yewÕehtsöi (be) sleepy: be ayÍlà, beweÀhx‡, beyeÀhx‡ (be) skinned: wewÕ achöi, wewÕ atsöi sleet: zahkwöàa, zhahkwöàa skinny: ‡kwö·fi, ‡kwö· sleeve: gÎÎmbàa, köÎmbàa (be) skinny: eg·, neghoa, neghori, weg·, weg·fi, sleeve bands: gogÎÎ köe whelaa wekwÎ whÃle slice: kàyehwhe, xàyehwhe skip: yaÀka slide (verb): dezi, köedzo skirt: ˙eh slide around: köekÕ skis: wetöà zaka köetsöedzoo, wetöà zhaka köetsöedzoo slide down: hodàezi (be) skittish: w‡nÃ dedz‡, w‡nÃ dej‡ (be) slightly wet: yaazea nawhehtso skull: gokwÃkwö·Î slingshot: kwiÃdlÃa skunk: n·ts‡, welÕmfifi slip (noun): ˙echà, ˙etsà, ‡hchà, ‡htsà sky: ya, yatöa slip (verb): dezi 210 slip out: kàde, xàde small plate: kwöàa slip-knot: weköÀghoköÀ small pouch: t¯öehwÕa, t¯öehwhÕa slipper: ke small saucepan: t·hchÀa, t·htsÀa slippers: kech‡Íhk· whÃle, kets‡Íhk· whÃle small spruce tree: tsöiahkwÃa (be) slippery (area): go‡t¯oÕ, got¯oÕ, nàgot¯oÕ small stuff: asÃa, töasÃa slop pail: t·hchöiÃ, t·htsöiÃ small thing: asÃa, töasÃa slope down sharply: nig·Î˙à small twine: em·Îtöitsoa sloping: t¯öàköe goÀ˙à, t¯öàköe goÕ˙à small whirlwind: n‡htsöiyÀa (be) sloping: hodàgoÀ˙à smallpox: d·kwÎ xàh˙àa slosh around: köet¯öÕ (be) smart: edàÃyeh, edàÃzeh, edàÃzheh, go‡z·, go‡zh·, nàghÕÕ slough: dÀgotÃa smart person: d· go‡z··, d· go‡zh·· (be) slow of mind: wekwÃ go‡z·-le, wekwÃ go‡zh·-le smell: ¯edÃ, ¯endÃ slowly: eh¯‡Í, eh¯Ífi, ‡h¯‡Í, ‡h¯Ífi, tsöÀwh‡, tsöÀwh‡fi smell (transitive verb): yehts· slush: ‡ze smell bad: mfifi, mfih (be) small: nechà-le, nechà-lea, netsà-le, (area) (area) gomfi go‡chà-lea, (area) go‡tsà-lea smell rotten: ‡hts· small baby: bebÃa smell good: (area) go¯ek· small bird: yÃnda smile (verb): dlÕniw·, nà˙edlÕ, s·niw· small biscuit: ¯ÀtöÀhg·fi (be) smiling about: yegh· dlÕniw· small black bear: sahtöÀa smoke: ¯o small bone: ekwöÎfi smoke (hide): yeyÃihoÀhkwöe small building: kÎ go‡chà-lea, kÎ go‡tsà-lea, kÎfi smoke hole: xàekwöee köÀ small campfire: kÎÀköÎfi smoke tobacco: tsöedeetöÃ, tsöeyeetöÃ small container: kwöà smoke-hole in tepee: mÎwà small dipper for water: t·hchÀa, t·htsÀa smokehouse: ¯okÎ small female caribou one to two years old: tsöÃda (be) smooth: ‡t¯Õa, ¯ey‡ small game animals such as rabbits, (area) go‡t¯oÕ, got¯oÕ ptarmigans: ·htsoa smouldering fire: kÎkwiÃ small grebe: nÎhtàtsoa snake: gÕo, gÕo nechàa, gÕo netsàa, gÕocho, small hawk: tatsehtsoa gÕotso, gÕtöiÃ, nàediÃcho, nàediÃtso small island: dia snare: gahmÍ, xÕe, xÕo small lake: tia snare again: nayeh¯Ã small lake letting into a larger lake: echöahtÃ, snare in a continuing fashion: na˙eelÃ etsöahtÃ Snare Lake: WekweÀtÃ small nail: gotsÀa small particles of: -gwÃa 211 Snare River Dam: Deh DaÀhzaa, Deh DaÀhzhaa snowshoe front crosspiece: ˙ahkwÃ ekwöa snare support stick: ‡mÎ· snowshoe front joint: ˙ahkwÃ ¯eet¯ö‡ snare support-stick: xÕech‡Í, xÕets‡Í snowshoe netting: ˙ah egaa snarl: ‡gh· snowshoe strap: ˙aht¯öiÃ, ‡h˙àh, ‡h˙àht¯öiÃ sneak around: köe˙etsÍ, köeetsÍ snowshoe tracks: ˙ahkeÀ sneeze: atÍ snowshoe, large, for hunting: ˙ahcho, ˙ahtso sniff (verb): yehts· snowslide: zah hodàet¯öÕo, zhah hodàet¯öÕo sniff around: köe˙etsÍ, köeetsÍ snowstorm: tsi n‡htsöi, tsiehtsöi snore (verb): degh· snowstorm with blowing snow: zah xÀ nawhehtsöi, zhah xÀ nawhehtsöi snot: go‡chfihdl‡Í, go‡tsfihdl‡Í snowstorm with wet snow: zah xÀ yats·hÕÀwo, snow: zah, zhah zhah xÀ yach·hÕÀwo snow flurries with wet snow: zatsiÃ, zhatsiÃ snowy owl: wohgw‡ degoo, w·hgw‡ degoo snow fly: yaköàhdea snowy season: zahköe, zhahköe snow is floating in the water, when the ice snuff: kwelÀ forms: tehzah köe˙Õ, tehzhah köe˙Õ so soon: ekaehxe, haehxe, kaehxe snow patch on branches: dahzàa, dahzhàa so that: hanÃ‡dÀ, kanÃ‡dÀ snow shovel: wetöà zah kàegee, wetöà zhah kàegee, wetöà zhah xàegee (be) soaked: ‡kwöàh snow used to melt for water, in the bottom soap: dat¯e layer: wh‡tsöÃ soapsuds: googhoÕ snow-blindness: nahwh‡ social insurance number: lan‡ht¯öÀ, wetöà snowbank: zahkÈÈ, zhahkÈÈ eghàlatsöeedaa en‡ht¯öÀÀ snowbird: kweköàa social worker: d· gha en‡ht¯öÀ ehts‡‡ d·Î, d· gha nàedÃi d·Î, en‡htlöÀ ehts‡‡ d·Î Snowdrift: ˜ÃhtsoköÀ society: nàowo snowdrift: tàhtsiÃ sock: libà snowfall: zah hodàet¯öÕo, zhah hodàet¯öÕo (be) soft: det¯Õo, dezÃ-le, dezhÃ-le, ‡t¯Õa snowflake: zahkàà, zhahkàà soft mud: eht¯öÀköÕÕ snowmobile: egÃdoo, eköÃdoo, zakaköekÕa, zhakaköekÕa soft slush: ‡ze t¯Õo snowplow: köÀlÃi seÀh˙‡‡, köÀlÃi siÃh˙‡‡, t‡li seÀh˙‡‡ soft snow: tsi, zah n‡zeh, zhah n‡zeh snowshoe: ˙ah soft spruce gum: dzÀhkwöÕ (round-nosed) ˙ah etsöaÀhmÎ soft sticky snow: zah e¯eehtsii, zhah e¯eehtsii snowshoe back: ˙aht¯öà soften: yehwhe snowshoe back crosspiece: ˙aht¯öà ekwöa soften hide: ewÕ ehwhe snowshoe frame: ˙ahkwö·Î softened caribou hide: ewÕew·· snowshoe front: ˙ahkwÃ softly: tsöÀwh‡, tsöÀwh‡fi 212 sojourner: mËfi, mËne soup: tiiwo soldier: egh·· d·Î south: saz‡, sazh‡ sole of the foot: goket¯öah south wind: saz‡ n‡htsöiÃ, sazh‡ n‡htsöiÃ (be) solid: dekwe southern native person: Edà, Endà some: mÎhdaà, mÎhnaà, wÀhdaà, wÎhdaà, yaazea space between cracked ice: t·nÃ‡dlaa gee gÕ˙·· someone: done, d· spades in cards: köà someone who canöt be trusted: d· lahoetö‡-lee span: n‡‡töi something: asÃi, töasÃi spark plug: kÎ ehts‡fi something bad happened: asÃi töà hoÃla nàhÕwoh sparks: kÎ naÃt¯ö‡‡ something bad happens: esagode, töasagode sparks from a fire: kÎköoh something cached: detsöeetsaa speak: gode, gonde, yahti something in the eye: godaà yÃakwöo speak out: xayaehti something put aside for use later: detsöeetsaa speak slowly: tsöÀwh‡fi gode sometimes: ‡hköÀ, ¯ààgh·Î, ·hköÀ speak up for: yeköedaedi somewhere: aatsöÎ, asÍ‡, kÎta, töaatsöÎ, töasÍ‡, xÎta spear: behkà, lahwh‡ somewhere unknown: dik· spearhead: behkà son: goza, gozha speech: yati son-in-law: goÀdÎ· speedboat: elà nàt¯a son-in-law of a woman: gochàa, gotsàa spend: yeköehoehwhi, yeköehoohwhi song: s‡, sh‡ (be) spent: weköeewi, weköehoewi (time) hoewi song given to become a prophet: nakwenàa˙·· z‡Í, nakwenàa˙·· zh‡Í spider: ehtsÀe köàle, köàle soon: whaà-le spider web: köàlemÍÍ soot: ¯otsöÃ spill (intransitive verb): e¯aet¯öÃ sore: eya, eza, ezha spill (it) out: kàyeede, xàyeede (liquid) kàyeht¯öÃ, xàyeht¯öÃ sores: gokaà, wekaà spill out (liquid, powder): kàet¯öÃ, xàet¯öÃ (be) sorrowful: go‡nÃ nànietÃ spin: etsöaÀhmÍ (be) sorry: edeköeel‡ spinal cord: en·ziÃ, en·zhiÃ (be) sorry about: yeköeel‡ spirit: ‡nÃ sort: (many things) sinÃyewa spirit-level: dÀegh· köàowo natÃ, ekaàwinde, enatÃ (plural objects) sinÃyele spit (verb): dezÀ soul: godfifiyÍ‡, godfifizÍ‡, godfifizhÍ‡ spittle: gowazeÀ (be a) sound: esagodi, töasagodi split: ¯atsöiyehchöi, ¯atsöiyehtsöi, tàyeehchöi, sound (verb): dedi tàyeehdlà, tàyeehtsöi 213 split fish: tsöeetöa spy on: (old word) köeyere˙a split in half: ¯adàyehdlà square: weköabàa d‡ e¯Í‡hchoo, weköabàa d‡ e¯Í‡htsoo, wenÎhtöÕ d‡ tsöÎ gÎh¯‡‡ split into two pieces: ¯atsöiyehdlà square needle: dat‡ nÎhtöÕo, dat‡etöÕo split-barrel gun: kwiköÃahtöàa, kwiköÃi ahtöaà squeeze: yeghàtaetsi (be) spoken: ahodi squirrel: dlÕo spokesperson: gogha godee d·Î Squirrel Island: DlÕondia spooky owl monster: m·Î Squirrel Lake: DlÕotsöÀ TÃ spoon: ech‡ÍlÍ‡, ets‡ÍlÍ‡ squirrelös nest: dlÕotöoÕ spoonfeed: yewàeka stab: yego sports: s·nàtsöedÀe stage cache: dahtöoh spot where a house was: kÎ t¯öàx·Î Stagg Lake: ¤hdaa TÃ spot where the fire died out: kÎ nÃ‡hkö·· t¯öàx·Î Stagg River: EnÀet‡‡, EnÃ‡t‡‡ spot where there was a fire: kÎ dÀköÎ· t¯öàx·Î stagger around: (one person) köet¯öàdeewÃ (be) sprained: ehkÀ stagger out: kàt¯öàdeewÃ, xàt¯öàdeewÃ spread on the ground: (prefix) nÀtÀ-, nÃtÀ- stairs: weköe deketsöiÃdÀe (be) spread out on the ground: (plural objects) nÃtÀze, nÃtÀzhe stand: (one or two people) nàwo spread out on the ground: stand (it) on end: nàyehge (many things) nÃtÀyewa stand (it) up for cooking: nàyehge (plural objects) nÃtÀyele stand in water: tÀenàwo spring of water: dÀ datiÃwÃi, dÀ goyÃi kà‡l‡‡, dÀ goyÃi xà‡l‡‡, dÀgotÃ, ndÀ goyÃi kà‡l‡‡, ndÀ yÃi xà‡l‡‡ stand of trees in a valley: goÀh˙aa springtime: edaÀkö·, eÀhköÎ, nasaÀhtö·, t·tsöÃ stand up: (chunky object) dawhe˙· spruce: tsöi stand up in a circle: (plural objects) tad·ch‡Àhzhah, tad·ts‡Àhzah spruce bark: tsöi wetöiÃ, tsöilà (be) standing: (plural objects) nàÀhza, nàÀhzha spruce bough: ˙oli, ˙oo, ˙ori, edz·˙oo, ej·˙oo (be) standing in the water: (rigid object) ten‡‡˙a, spruce boughs of white spruce: tsöiwà˙oÕ tenÍ‡˙a spruce cone: tsöiwà gotsöÎ·hdzÃÃ, tsöiwà gotsöÎ·hjÃÃ (be) standing up: spruce cones: gotsöÎ·hdzÃi, gotsöÎ·hjÃi (rigid objects) nàch‡Àzha, nàts‡Àza (single object) nà‡˙ah spruce grouse: dih star: whÎ spruce gum: dech‡dzÀh, dets‡dzÀh, tsöidzÀÀ staring: godageÀ spruce needle: ˙oligoÕ, ˙oogoÕ, ˙origoÕ start: (situation) kÀhoÀwi, xÀhoÀwi spruce roots: tsöighoÕ start a situation: spruce-bough tepee: tsöimÎkÎ (many actors) kÀhotsöeÀhdÀ (one person) kÀhoÀhwhi, kÀhoÍhwho 214 start back, swimming: naebe stepfather: go˙eh start blowing: (the wind) detsöi stepmother: gomÎ· start freezing: daet‡ stern of the boat: elàt¯öà start out: (one or two people) det¯a sternum: gotöohkwö·Î, gotöoÕkwö·Î start out by boat: de˙À stew: kwechàa, whechàa, whetsàa start to dance: (one or two people) daÃt¯a stew (it): yehche, yehtse started: (fire) goÃkö· stick: dech‡, dets‡, -dech‡Í, -rech‡Í, -rets‡Í starter cord: wetöà det¯aa t¯öiÃ, t¯eht¯öiÃ stick (things) together: e¯eyiÃdzÀh starter rope: wetöà tsöeelÃi t¯öiÃ stick for wringing hides: weköe ewÕ ¯àetsöehgÀe, wetöà ewÕ ¯àtatsöeehgee starting to melt: nadaay‡ stick game: dech‡xàà, dets‡xàà (be) startled: dahdzin‡‡wo stick game, as in cards: dech‡xàà töà s·nàgedÀe, startling (him/her) (postposition): wet¯öahköe, dets‡xàà töà s·nàgedÀe wet¯öaköe stick out: stay: naete, nàde (plural objects) kàyàwhe˙a, xàyàwhe˙a (one or two people) nàwo (single object) kà‡˙a, xà‡˙a (plural) tsöeÀhkwöe (two people) tsöeke stick used to set fish nets: teech‡Í, teets‡Í (one person) wheda stick-fish for dogfeed: ¯igotsÀ, ¯iwegotsÀ, ¯iwetsÀ stay out of sight: nàdee˙Í sticky cones of poplar: töooladzÀh stay still: ‡h¯‡Í wheda sticky mud: eht¯öÀetöoo steal: yee˙Í sticky spruce gum: dzÀhkwöÕ steam: tatse, ti datse, ti ratse, ti tatse still: ‡¯aà steam from open water in the ice: tawo tatseÀ (be) stingy: egh·tsÎ, ‡gh·tsÎ steamboat: kÎtsöiÃ (be) stingy with: yegh·niÀt· steep bank: behköiÃ stink: mfifi, mfih, (area) gomfi stem of grass: t¯öohch‡Í, t¯öohts‡Í stir: etsöayehgo, yehtÃ stem of the flower: ‡töÎchàach‡Í, ‡töÎtsàats‡Í stockings: libà, libà nedÀe step (verb): nàe˙À, nàetà (be) stolen: dÀÀtö‡ step forward: ‡daà eetà stomach: ebÕ, embÕ, gobÕ, gobÕhd·, gombÕ step in ashes: kwiÃetà stomach ache: gobÕ eya step in fire: kwiÃetà Stomach Lake: BÕtsöi TÃ, EbÕtsöi TÃ step into clothing: yeyÃetà stomach lining: gobÕtöàà step out of clothing: yeyÃikà˙e, yeyÃikàtà, stomach meat, made into drymeat: eyeÀkwÎ, yeyÃixà˙e, yeyÃixàtà eyiÀkwÎ step out of shoes: ke kàtà, ke xàtà stomach of caribou which is long and fatty: en·hgÕ step over: yeteet¯a stomach ulcer: gobÕ t¯öa gokaà 215 stone: kwe stretch on a frame: yebo stone axe: kwe gokw‡Í stretch pelts on boards: yeyÃit·ekwi stone scraper: kwetÀ (be) stretched across: nawhetöi stool: daÀhch‡fi, daÀhts‡fi (be) stretched on: weköen‡‡töi stop: (be) stretched out: n‡‡töi (one person) nÃÃt¯a, nÍt¯a (be) stretched out under the ice: t·yiÃtöi (vehicle) nÃkÀ (be) stretched out under water: tenÍ‡töi stop ticking: nÃ˙à string: t¯öi stopper: wetsö·dàanÃ‡˙·· string for mitts: dziht¯öiÃ, jiht¯öiÃ storage place: etsaa string of islands: di n‡ hoÀlaa storage room: asÃi tsöeh¯aa kÎa strip of birch bark: köi daechöii, köi daedlàa, köi store: nà˙edÃi kÎ, nà˙edÃi köÀ, nà˙enÃi kÎ, nà˙enÃi daetsöii köÀ, nànÃi köÀ, nànÃikÎ (be) strong: nàtso store clerk: eköaàwi, köaàwi strong current: ti nàt¯a et¯öÕ store manager: eköaàwi, eköaàwi köàowo, eköaÕwi, köaàwi, köaàwi köàowo, nà˙edÃi d·Î (be) stronger than: yedaÀtöÀ store, formerly ‘The Bay’: eköaàwi kÎ, köaàwi kÎ stroud: ˙eht¯ö‡cho, ˙eht¯ö‡tso, kechfifitöii, ketsfifitöii store-bought clothes: mÎlaizÃÃ, mÎlaizhÃÃ stroud on mocassins: kechfifitöii, ketsfifitöii story: godi, gondi, hondi (be a) struggle: nàhotÃ story book: godi en‡ht¯öÀ, gondi en‡ht¯öÀ struggle: nàtÃ stove: hatsÎ, satsÎ, satsÎköÎ· struggle mentally and physically: nànietÃ stovepipe: satsÎ köoweÀ, satsÎ kö·weÀ, satsÎweÀ stubble on caribou hide: eghach‡Í, eghats‡Í stovepipe elbow: satsÎ kö·weÀ whezÕo (be) stubborn: gokwÃ nàtso, wekwÃ dezÃ, wekwÃ dezhÃ, wekwÃ nàtso straight: ehkwöi study: (one actor) en‡ht¯öÀ köàlaewo, (plural actors) straight across: köÀdzoo ehkwöi en‡ht¯öÀ köàlaedÀ straight path: ehkwöi goÀ˙àa, ehkwöi goÕ˙àa stumble: (one person) daÀkwöih straight-grained: ehkwöiÀ˙àa, ehkwöirÀ˙àa subchief: ekwöahtia, kwöahtideÀ töÎÎ whedaa strainer: satsÎ eht¯ö‡ wen‡‡dàà dexàet¯öÃi submarine: elà ti zÃi köekÕo, elà ti zhÃi köekÕo strange: sÃdÃi subordinate to: wetöÎ (be) strange: eniÃyah suck: ehtöÕ stranger: xàht· sucker (fish): dehdoo, dehdori, kwÃezÃi, kwÃezhÃi strawberries: edzÀa suddenly: h·tsaa, x·tsaa, x·tsoa stream: dehtsoa, n‡‡l‡‡ suffer: da‡˙ah stretch: etöÃ suffer an injury: edaatÀ stretch of clear sky just above the horizon: suffer in mind: nànietÃ yachfi, yatsfi 216 Suffix for making adverbs: -töà (be) sure not to: sÎÎ Suffix for two or more people: -ke (be) sure to (do something): n· suffocate: edzÃ ha dÃÀ, ejÃ ha dÃÀ surgery: d· nàtöàa sugar: chÃga, sÃga, tsÃga surname: goizÃ n··de, goizÃl·, go‡zÃ n··de, go‡zÃl· sugar cube: sÃgaliÃ: sÃgalÃa survive: eda, enda suit of clothing: ‡¯àanàtsöewoo, wetöà (be) suspended on water: dae˙Õ ‡¯àànàtsöewoo suspenders: t¯öà˙et¯öiÃ suit, one-piece: ‡¯àÍ¯‡, ¯aÍ¯‡ swallow (bird): yatö·hda suits of clothing: ‡¯àatsöeÀzaa, ‡¯àatsöeÀzhaa swallow (verb): e¯ayeet¯a summer: ‡mbÀ, ¯iköÀ (be) swampy: dahdÀgoo˙Õ, dÀ dagoo˙Õ summer fish-run: ehchiliÃ dÀ˙eh, ehtsiliÃ dÀ˙eh swampy ground: dÀgotsoÕ sun: dzflgosaà, sa, sadeÀ swan: gagoo, gagoo weÀhdà töÀ, köagoo sun dance: sa dat¯o, saat¯o swarm around: köe¯eze, köe¯ezhe sun dance month: Saat¯o Zaà, Sadat¯o Zaà swear: nàdahoe˙à, whàdagoetsÎ sun goes in and out of clouds: sa köohta e˙a sweat on the face: go‡nÃtÃ sun is rising: sa kà˙à, sa xà˙à sweater: ˙eht¯ö‡fi, naza˙eh, nazha˙eh sun is setting: sa nà˙à sweep: eköeetÍ, yeköeetÍ sun is shining: sa dae˙a sweep an area: goköeetÍ sun is starting to set: sa nàdaa˙a sweep with a birdös wing: köeyehtöah sun is up in the sky: sa dae˙a (be) sweet: ¯ek· sun making signs through colours: sa nà˙‡‡tsÍ swelling: Íghàa sun making signs, indicating changes in swim around: weather: sa kàetsÍ, sa xàetsÍ (one or two people or animals) köebe, köembe sun rays: sat¯öiÃ (plural objects) köe˙Õ sun rises on a regular basis: sa kà˙a, sa xà˙a swim around in or under the water: (one or two people/animal) tÀeköebe sun sets on a regular basis: sa nà˙a swim back: naebe sunbeams: sat¯öiÃ swim bladder: ¯iwetöahsÕ, ¯iwetöahshÕ Sunday: EdàidzflÈ swimming back: naebe sunset: sa nà‡hxe swimming pool: köetsöebee köÀ sunshine: sadeÀ swing (noun): dahbo superior: denahköe swing (verb): nà¯egeeboo supply things: nà˙ehbà swing (him/her/it): nàyehbo support oneself: edeeda swish around: köee˙o, köere˙o supposing: ahx·, edahx· sure: hotie, hotii 217 switch: take a breather: nahoezÃ, nahoezhÃ (animate object) ehdayehtÀ take footwear off (him/her): kàyehtà, xàyehtà (cloth object) ehdayee˙ah, ehdayehchih, ehdayehtsih take home: (parcel or heavy object) ehdayeehxe (animate object) etayeehtÀ (plateful) ehdayeka (cloth object) etayee˙ah (plural objects) ehdayeele (many objects) etayeewa (rigid object) ehdayeet‡ (plateful) etayeekà (single object) ehdayeechi, ehdayeetsi (plural objects) etayeele (rigid object) etayeet‡ switch on the lights: yeÀhkö· (single object) etayeechi, etayeetsi switch on the lights again: nayeÀhkö· take inside: swollen: Íghàa (animate object) goyÃiyehtÀ (chunky object) goyÃiyeechi, goyÃiyeetsi (be) swollen: Íghà (cloth object) goyÃiyee˙ah swollen lungs: godzehdeÀ Íghàa (heavy object) goyÃiyeehxe sword: behkà, lahwh‡, mbehcho, mbehtso (many things) goyÃiyeewa (plateful) goyÃiyeeka syllabic writing: d· en‡ht¯öÀ, d· köÈÈ etsöeet¯öÀe (plural objects) goyÃiyeele syrup: köitÃ (rigid object) goyÃiyeet‡ take off clothing: yeyÃikàet¯a, yeyÃixàet¯a take off clothing from the lower body: yeyÃikàtà, yeyÃixàtà take off flying: niÃtöa English take off shoes: ke kàtà, ke xàtà take one’s time: ‡whfiË niw·-le, köÀhoÀ˙a take out: T-shirt: kwö‡h˙ehtöaà,t kwö·h˙ehtöaà (animate object) kàyehtÀ, xàyehtÀ table: ladà (chunky object) kàye˙à, xàye˙à (cloth object) kàyee˙ah, kàyehchi, xàyee˙ah, tablecloth: kwöàwÕ, ladàwÕ xàyehchi, xàyehtsi (be) taboo: wechöàetö·, wetsöàetö· (heavy container) kàyehxe, xàyehxe (many things) kàyewa, xàyewa tack: en‡ht¯öÀwÕ gotsÀa (plateful) kàyeeka, xàyeeka tackle box: dah˙ah t· (plural objects) kàyele, xàyele (rigid object) tail: echÀ, etsÀ kàyeetÍ, xàyeetÍ (single object) kàyeechi, kàyeetsi, xàyeechi, tailbone: echÀkwö·Î, etsÀkwö·Î, gochÀkwö·Î, xàyeetsi gotsÀkwö·Î take out of water: take: dayeechi, dayeetsi, yÃhchi, yÃhtsi (animate object) tekàyehtÀ, texàyehtÀ take (medicine): edÀ, naye˙à (cloth object) tekàyee˙ah, tekàyehchi, tekàyehtsi, texàyee˙ah, texàyehchi (her/him) take inside: goyÃiyeedi (heavy object) tekàyehxe, texàyehxe take (his/her) side: yeköe nàyahti (many things) tekàyewa, texàyewa (plateful) tekàyeeka, texàyeekà take a bite out of: kàyehde, xàyehde (plural objects) tekàyele, texàyele 218 (rigid object) tekàyeetÍ, texàyeetÍ tan hide: yeyÃihoÀhkwöe (single object) tekàyeechi, tekàyeetsi, texàyeechi tangle (noun): e¯ÀÀhgoo take out of water repeatedly: (chunky object) tape (verb): dexiÃhdzÀh tekàyee˙à, texàyee˙à tape recorder: en‡ht¯öÀedz‡‡ kwöà, en‡ht¯öÀej‡‡ kwöà, take pity: eteÀ˙‡, etenÀ˙‡ wetöà yati ÃchÃi, wetöà yati ÃtsÃi, wetöà yati tsöÃhchÃi, take pity on: eteyeÀh˙‡ wetöà yati tsöÃhtsÃi take place (situation): nÃhÕewi, nÃhÕkwöi, nÃkwöi taped music: en‡ht¯öÀedz‡‡, en‡ht¯öÀej‡‡ take to the fire: (plateful) kwiÃyeeka tar: kwedzÀÀ take up: taste: ¯edÃ, ¯endÃ (animate object) niyiÃhtÀ taste (it): yeköa¯egolÃ (chunky object) niyiÃchi, niyiÃtsi (cloth object) niyiÃ˙ah, niyiÃhchih, niyiÃhtsih taste bad: mfifi, mfih (containerful) niyiÃht‡ (be) tasty: ¯ek· (heavy object) niyiÃhxe (many things) niyiÃwa tax collector: s·Îmba nàhtsÍ‡ d·Î (plateful) niyiÃkà taxes: dÀetsöÎ köàowo tsöàtsöeehdÃi (plural objects) niyiÃle Tayonton Lake: DÀtaÍht· (be) taken along: yaachi, yaatsi tea: lidÃ (be) taken inside: (plural objects) goyÃeze, tea dance: tad·whe˙aa köÈÈ dagowo goyÃezhe tea kettle: chiht·, tsiht· (be) taken out: (plural things) kàze, kàzhe teabag: lidÃ t¯öehwhÕa (single thing) kàtöà, xàtöà teabag for camping: lidÃ ·hchÃa, lidÃ ·htsÃa, lidÃwÕ taking place: gÕlÀ teach: hoghàyeeht· (be) talented: nàghÕÕ teach (him/her): hoghàyeeht·, xaàyeeht· talk: gode, gonde teach oneself: hoghàdeet· talk back: edeköedaedi teacher: cheko ghàeht·· d·Î, en‡ht¯öÀ ghàeht·· talk dirty: ek·Î-le gode, whàdagoetsÎ d·Î, tseko ghàeht·· d·Î talk negatively: whàdagoetsÎ teacher’s assistant: cheko ghàeht·· tsöàdii, tseko ghàeht·· tsöàdii talk off the topic: ek·Î-le gode teahouse: (old word) lidÃhkÎ talk to one another: e¯exÀgotsöedo teakettle: lidÃht·, liÃht· (be a) talker: wewà ¯· teal: tÃtsoa tall: nà‡woso teapot: lidÃht·, liÃht· (be) tall: dan‡‡dÀ tear (verb): nàdlà tall and skinny: ‡kwö·so tear (it): nàyehdlà tallow: t¯ehli tear duct: gonaht¯öà ghago‡˙àa tam: tsöahyÍfi tear in half: ¯adàyehdlà, ¯atsöiyehdlà tamarack: diwe, doo, dowe tear up: tàyeehchöi, tàyeehdlà, tàyeehtsöi tan (it): yehwhe 219 tears: gonatÃ tepee: t¯ö·hbàa goÀchöoa, t¯ö·hbàa goÀtsöoa, t¯ö·hbàa s·Î¯‡‡ tease: (plural actors) yeköadaedÀ termite: dech‡xàa, dets‡xàa (single actor) yeköadaewo (be) terrible situation: hoÃla, horÃla, kiÃla teats: etöÕÕ test: yeÀhdzà teenage girl: töeekoa testicles: goyÀ teetotaler: d· yed·-lee thank: masÃ yenihwh· telephone: wetöà gotsöedee thank you: mahsÃ, masÃ tell: di, ndi, yÀhdi, yÀhndi thank you very much: masÃcho, masÃtso tell (him/her) that: hayÀhdi, kayÀhdi (be) thankful: mahsÃ, masÃ tell a lie: hotsöÃ thanks a lot: masÃcho, masÃtso tell each other stories: e¯exÀgotsöedo Thanksgiving: MasÃ Tsö‡‡w·· DzflÈ, MasÃ Tsöen‡w·· tell lies: egh·yae˙à DzflÈ tell stories: goxÀgodo, goxÀgondo that: eyi tell stories to: yexÀgodo, yexÀgondo (be) that big: a‡hz·, a‡hzh·, eka‡hcho, eka‡htso, ha‡hcho, ha‡htso, ka‡hcho tell that: hadi, kadi (be) that depth of water: ekatanÃ‡hwhà, hatanÃ‡hwhà (be) temperamental: w‡nÃÃ nàÃt¯o that direction: ak·Î, ek·Î, yeÀ temples of the head: gonach‡Í, gonakwö·Î, gonats‡Í (be) that far: ekanÃ‡hwhà, ha‡waà, hanÃ‡hwhà, ka‡waà temporary shelter of trees: daÀt·kÎ (be) that few: ha‡htsöÍfi ten: hoÕn· (be) that little: ha‡htsöÍfi (be) tender: det¯Õo (be) that long: ha‡hdo, ha‡waà, ka‡hdo, ka‡waà tenderloin: kwöÀhkwÎ that many: haàt¯·, haÀt¯·, kaÀt¯· tendon: etsöachöÃÃ, etsöatsöÃÃ, gochöÃÃ, gotsöÃÃ (be) that many fathoms: ekatanÃ‡hwhà, hatanÃ‡hwhà tendons of the caribou heart: edzechöÃÃ, edzetsöÃÃ that much: haàt¯·, haÀt¯·, kaÀt¯· tendons on the head: gokwÃchöÃÃ, gokwÃtsöÃÃ that one: eyi tent: n‡hbàa, n‡hmbàa, n·hbàa (be) that small: ha‡htsoa, ka‡htsoa tent flaps: n‡hbàachàa, n‡hbàatsàa (be) that strong: hanà‡htso, kanàn‡htso tent support pole: t¯ö·hbàa kwÃtöaÍ˙aa that way: (prefix) eka-, ekàa-, ha-, ka-, hanÃ, kanÃ, tent lower sides: n‡hbàachàa, n‡hbàatsàa thaw (it): nayehx‡ tent made of canvas: t¯ö·hbàa, t¯ö·hmbàa thaw season: ‡ze köe tent made with one pole: t¯ö·hbàa köoÀchöoo, t¯ö·hbàa köoÀtsöoo the long way: hol·Î tent peg: wetöà n‡hbàa edenÃ˙aa dech‡Í, wetöà (be) the right size: wexÀ˙Íhz·, wexÀ˙Íhzh·, n‡hbàa edenÃ˙aa dets‡Í wexÀÍhzh· tent pole: n·hbàa wha the very first time: akwe¯ÎÎ 220 the way it was: gÕ‡˙à thing/things: asÃi, töasÃi then: ekÕ, kÕ think: kàn‡‡˙a, niw·, yenihwh·, y‡‡hwh· (one or two people) nàniwo there: ak·Î, ek·Î, eyi, yah˙ÎÎ, yeÀ (plural) nànidÀ there is a blazing fire: kÎ nàtso think about: yegh· nàniwo there is a commotion: nàdahoewo, nàhoewo think about oneself: edegh· nàniwo there is a court session: nàyaeti think ahead: ˙·se niw· there is a draft coming in: goya‡hköà think bad thoughts: ek·Î-le an‡w·, ek·Î-le nàniwo there is a hole: xàgo‡h˙à think he/she is somebody: d· edeew· there is a noise: töasagodi think like that: làaniw· there is a rush: nàhoewo think that way: haniw·, kaniw· there is shooting: eeköÀ (be) thirsty: ti ghaew‡, ti waew‡ there was an accident: asÃi töà hoÃla nàhÕwoh thirteen: hoÕn· daatsöÎ tai thermometer for the body: weghàà edi tsö‡l‡ thirty: taÀn· köÀedz··, weghàà edi tsö‡l‡ köÀej··, weghàà edi tsö‡l‡köÀÀj·· this: dii, dii ‡y‡Í, diiy‡Í thermometer for the weather: weghàà edza this kind of day: dii làanÃ dzflÈ xÀÃhdzà köÀedz··, weghàà edza xÀÃhdzà köÀej··, this one: dii ‡y‡Í, diiy‡Í, ‡y‡Í, ‡yÍ‡ weghàà edza xÀÃhdzà köÀÀj·· this other one: ‡˙Í‡ thermos bottle: lidÃ whekÎ· t·Î, ti whekÎ· t· this time of the year: dii làanÃ dzflÈ these: dii this way: dihdflÈ they: eded‡ thorn: edaghoÕ, ‡chÍghoÕ, ‡tsÍghoÕ thick bushes: goegho, googho thoroughly: deghàà thick ice: t· det·· though: ekÕ, hanÃhÕ, hanÃkÕ, kanÃkÕ, kÕ (be) thick in dimension: det· thousand: lemÃ thick soup: kwechàa, whechàa, whetsàa thread: kwöÀ, t¯ö‡kwöÀÀ (be) thick, of liquid: detöoo thread twine around a net: em·ÀhtöÃ thicket: goegho, googho threaten: chöàyeeghe, tsöàyeeghe thigh: goghoh three: tai thigh bone: eghoh three times: taà thigh muscle: gogholiÃ throat: goköà, goweÀ thimble: latsöeÀ˙··, töaàk· throat disease: goköà tàda thin ice: t·tsoa through: wegee (be) thin in dimension: det·-lea through a substance: (postposition) wen‡‡dàà (be) thin, of liquid: detöoo-le throughout: weghàà, weghàrÃ thing whirled in the air to make a sound: t¯‡rehxoo throughout a given time: -ghàà 221 throw around: tie up: dat¯ö‡, yeghàgoehsà, yeghàgoehshà, (plural objects) köeyeehdÀ yexÀezà, yexÀezhà (single object) köeyeehköa tie up with a cloth object: yexÀ˙ehchi, yexÀ˙ehtsi throw (small objects) at: yeehsÃ, yeehshÃ tie up, to a pole: dayeezà, dayeezhà throw away: ÎyeehsÃ, ÎyeehshÃ (be) tied up: e¯Àhchi, e¯Àhtsi, wexÀ˙ehchi, (cloth object) Îyee˙ah wexÀ˙ehtsi, wexÀehchi (rigid object) Îyeeht¯öÃ (single object) Îyeehköa (be) tight on: weköen‡‡töi throw down: hodàyeehxà time: sadzeÀ throw in water: (single object) teyehköa (be) time for something: nÃhÕewi throw into a container: deyÃiyehdÀ time is wasted: tsöi˙Î hoewi throw into the fire: kwiÃyeehköa time of the year when the sun gets warmer: nasaÀhtö· throw into water by handfuls: tenayetsöÕ time when ice is thin: t·tsoa köe throw out: kàdeyeezhi, xàdeyeezi, xàdeyeezhi (many things) kàyeht¯öÃ, xàyeht¯öÃ time when snow crust is formed: dlÕo golÃa (plural objects) kàyeehdÀ, xàyeehdÀ gÕlÀe throw pointed object: yeehtsÀ tin can: satsÎt·, satsÎt·afi throw up: naxaeko tip of a point of land: ehdal· thumb: golahchÃ, golahtsÃ tip of poplar: töoola thumbtack: en‡ht¯öÀwÕ gotsÀa tip of the hand: golal· thunder: eezii, eezhii, erezii, erezhii tire (verb): nÀetsÈ, nÃetsÍ thunder clouds: erezii köoÕ, erezhii köoÕ tire of vehicle: satsÎ behch‡Í kÀ, satsÎ behts‡Í kÀ Thursday: D‡dzflÈ (be) tired: nÃ‡ts·, nÃn‡‡ts· thus: (prefix) eka-, ekàa-, ha-, ka-, hanÃ, kanÃ tissue paper: dehko en‡ht¯öÀwÕ (be) thwarted: go‡nÃ köÀÀ-le to: gotsöÎ, wetsöÎ tick: zà, zhà to each other: e¯etsöÎ ticket: en‡ht¯öÀ, n‡ht¯öÀ to no effect: köÀÀt¯öÎ ticking of a watch: e˙a to one side: nÎhköÀÀ tidy an area: seÀgo‡hwh·, siÃgo‡hwh· to the ground: (prefix) nÀ-, nÃ- tie (noun): köoÀhchÃi, köoÀhtsÃi, köoÕhchÃi, köoÕhtsÃi to the last one: weköÀt¯öaa gotsöÎ tie (verb): det¯ö‡ to the surprise of (postposition): wet¯öahköe, wet¯öaköe tie (it) together: e¯exÀyeezà, e¯exÀyeezhà toaster: wetöà ¯ÀtöÀwiÃ köeeköÎ· tie (things) together: e¯Àyeezà, e¯Àyeezhà, e¯Àyehchi, e¯Àyehtsi tobacco: tsöetöÃi tie a knot: e¯Àyehchi, e¯Àyehtsi tobacco pouch: tsöetöÃi t¯öehwÕ tie a rope along top and bottom of net: mÍ tobacco spit: tsöetöÃiti moÕ˙ehtöÃ, mÍ m·Î˙ehtöÃ toboggan: mbehch‡Í, mbehts‡Í, t¯‡ behch‡Í, t¯‡ behts‡Í 222 toboggan back support: mbehch‡Í t¯öà‡˙aa, top powder snow: sire, shire mbehts‡Í t¯öà‡˙aa toque: naza tsöah, nazha tsöah toboggan handles: mbehch‡Í t¯öà‡˙aa, mbehts‡Í tornado: n‡htsöiyeÀ, n‡htsöiyeÀdeÀ t¯öà‡˙aa toss: köedee˙à today: dii dzflÈ touch: dayeechi, dayeetsi, yexÀedÃ, yÀedÃ toe: gokekwö·Î, gokekwöÎfi touch with the hands: yexÀlaedi, yexÀlaÃdi, yÀlaedi toenail: gokeg·Î (be) tough, for meat: dezÃ, dezhÃ together: ehghàà, e¯eghàà, e¯exÀ, ¯Ëfi tourist: xàht· toilet: sÎkÎ, tsÎkÎ, tsÎt·Î towards: gotsöÎ, wenÃd·Î, wetsöÎ tombstone: kwe degai, kwe d·kwö·Î köe whe˙·· towards the barrenlands: ‡kwÈfl tomorrow: sach·, sats· towel: lÃsimË, lÃsimÍ, nesimÍ, nÀsimÍ ton: nàke lemÃ a‡hda town: hÎta, kÎ, kÎta tongue: ewaliÃ, ewariÃ, gowaliÃ, gowariÃ town centre: kÎ tani gÕlaa tonight: dii toÕ towns: kàgoÀlaa, kàyenÍ‡laa, kÎ gÕlaa, xàgoÀlaa, tonsils: goköàhkaà xàgonÍ‡laa, xàyenÍ‡laa too: chi, ch‡, hi, h‡, h‡Í, si, shi, tsi toys: chekoa yetöà nàgozhee, tsekoa yetöà nàgozee (be) too late: whaà hoÀwo tracks: gokeÀköÀ too many: dÃÀ tracks of an animal: ekeÀköÀ too much: de˙ÎÎ, dÃÀ tractor: köàgÕo (be) too much for: wegha dÃÀ trade: took place: (situation) nÃhÕkwöoh, nÃkwöoh (many objects) ehdayeewa (single object) ehdayeechi, ehdayeetsi tool: wetöà eghàlatsöeedaa, wetöà eghàlatsöeedaa godeÀ trader: eköaàwi, eköaÕwi, köaàwi, mËfi, mËne tool for working metal: wetöà satsÎ ghàlatsöeedaa trail: et·, t‡li toolbox: godeht·, wetöà satsÎ ghàlatsöeedaa t·Î translate: etaehti tools: satsÎ wetöà eghàlatsöeedaa (be) transported: (plural objects) egh·Îeze, egh·Îezhe, köeze, köezhe tooth: eghÕÕ, goghÕÕ trap (noun): ehdzo, ehdzoo toothache: goghÕÕ eya trap (verb): ehdzo ah˘‡, ehdzo köele, köÀch‡Àt¯a, toothbrush: wetöà goghÕÕ köena˙etsee t¯öoÕ köÀts‡Àt¯a toothpaste: goghÕÕ dat¯eÀ, wetöà goghÕÕ trap-bait: ehdzodiÃ köena˙etsee t¯eÀ trapping license: tsàwÕ en‡ht¯öÀ tooth-filling: goghÕÕ nadzÀe trapping season: Ehdzo NÃzee Zaà, Ehdzo NÃzhee top of a hill: daka Zaà top of the head: gokwÃtöa travel all around: weköÀehoewo top part of foot: goketöaà travel around: (people) köehoehde 223 travel back: (one or two people) n·et¯a, n··t¯a trout stomach: ¯iwez··woÕ travel down: (animals) hodàe˙à truck: behch‡Í, behts‡Í, mbehch‡Í, mbehts‡Í travel to a place: (one or two people) nàt¯a truly: xàà, xàÀ, xàrÀ traveller: mËfi, mËne trunk: dech‡t·, dets‡t·, ladzÀ, lagÀ, lajÀ travelling: naekÕ truth: ehkwöi travelling along: (one or two people) naet¯e try: edeÀdzà, yeÀhdzà travelling by boat: naetöÕ try to do: hoÀhdzà treasure (him/her/it): yegh·niÀt· try to persuade: dahoyeÀhdzà (be) treasured: wegh·nihoÀt· try to win over: dahoyeÀhdzà treat hide before tanning: ewÕ ehwhe tub: kwöàcho, kwöàtso treat someone well or badly: ayÍhwh· tuberculosis: godzehdeÀ tàda (be) treated with politeness: weghàhodÃ Tuesday: NàkedzflÈ treaty: s·Îmba nàzÀe, s·Îmba nàzhÀe Tumi Lake: TÃmÍchöahtÃ, TÃmÍtsöahtÃ treaty money: s·Îmba nàzÀe s·Îmbaà, s·Îmba tump-line: kwÃtöa nàzhÀe s·Îmbaà tunnel in rock: kweyÃi goÀ˙àa tree: dech‡, dets‡, tsöi, -dech‡Í, -rech‡Í, -rets‡Í turkey: köàbacho, köàbatso, köàmbacho tree stump in the ground: ‡hch‡Í, ‡hts‡Í turn: (one or two people) etsöaet¯a tree stump, uprooted: xààkwö·Î, xàÀkwö·Î turn around by hand to heat: köeyewe tree top: tsöidalà turn colour: diÃdi tree with hard wood: doehtso turn from side to side: köedee˙à treeline: dech‡laa, dech‡lari, dets‡laa turn inside out: nat·ye˙ah, nat·yege treeline people: dech‡laa gotö‡Í, dets‡laa gotö‡Í turn on lights: nayiÃht¯a trees used as markers on a lake trail: n·hts‡‡ turn over: etsöadee˙a trembling: tsöeh¯‡ turn right side out: nat·ye˙ah, nat·yege triangle: yeodzÃi tai tsöÎ gÎh¯‡‡ turn the head from side to side: köekwÃetöah tribe of: gotö‡Í turn to: na˙a Tribe of Judah: Zidàotö‡Í, Zhidàotö‡Í turning: (one or two people) etsöaet¯e trick (him/her): yegh· nàxoe˙à TV program: soÕ, shoÕ trigger: kwiköÃizeÀ, -zeÀ TV show: soÕ, shoÕ trip over something: asÃi töà daÃtà twelve: hoÕn· daatsöÎ nàke tropical land: ediinÀköe twenty: naÀn· (be) troubling: hoÃla, horÃla, kiÃla twenty-one: naÀn· daatsöÎ ‡¯À trout: ¯iwez·· twice: nàakeÀ, nàhokeÀ Trout Rock: EnÎÎda twig: dech‡, dets‡ 224 twine: em·ÎtöÃi under an area: goyii, gozii, gozhii twine used to mend fish nets: kwöagoa, under water: tit¯öa tamÍhgoa, tamÍhkwöÀÀ underground tunnel: dÀ goyÃi gÎ·˙àa twine used for top and bottom of nets: underneath: got¯öa, wezii, wezhii em·Îtöicho, em·Îtöitso undershirt: kwö‡h˙ehtöaà, kwö·h˙ehtöaà twins: e¯Àch·ekÀe, e¯Àts·ekÀe understand: eÀkwöo, iÃkwöo, yeÀkwöo, yiÃkwöo, twist of chewing tobacco: tsöetöÃi ehdoa niedÃ, yeniedÃ (be) twisted: ehdo, ehkÀ understanding: (old word) geh··z··, geh··zh·· twisted-grain wood: dech‡ ehdoo, dets‡ ehdoo (be) understood: kÀgaatö‡, xÀgaatö‡, xÀgoatö‡ twisting: edoo underwater: tÀe two: nàke underwear: ˙etöààtsöedaa, t¯öà˙etöaà, t¯öàatöaà two thousand pounds: nàke lemÃ a‡hda undress (him/her): kàyehtÀ, xàyehtÀ two-piece wood sled: tso behch‡Í e¯eköÀÀdaà unemployment cheque: ekÃi tsöeÀhkwöee cheÀ, whelaa, tso behts‡Í e¯eköÀÀdaà whelaa ekÃi tsöeÀhkwöee tseÀ, ekÃi tsöeedaa cheÀ, ekÃi type (verb): satsÎ töà eet¯öÀ tsöeedaa tseÀ type of bird, marbled Godwit: tsöÀz·Îkw·Î, (be) unfriendly towards: yechöàniw·, yetsöàniw· tsöÀzh·Îkw·Î (be) unhappy: wegha gotsöeÀdi, w‡nàà-le, w‡nÃÃ-le type of flying insect: gÕloà United States of America: Mbehcho NÀköe, type of small duck named after its call: Mbehtso NÀköe waatiàsaà unload: kàyewa, xàyewa type of small water bug which jumps around: (be) unpleasant: nez‡-le tehtsàtsöÍfi unreliable person: d· weköeÀtö‡‡ unripe berries: dzÃe diÃdÃ-le, jÃe diÃdÃ-le (be) unruly: nàgoehde English (be) unsatisfied: go‡nÃ köÀÀ-le untidy hair: wekwÃghà˙oÕ untie: daye˙o (be) unable to: hau dÃÀ, xa dÃÀ (single object) dayege (be) unable to breathe: edzÃ ha dÃÀ, ejÃ ha dÃÀ until: gotsöÎ, tsöÎ (be) unable to learn: wekwÃ dezÃ, wekwÃ dezhÃ until late: whaà gotsöÎ unbeliever: wegha yati-lee unto: weköetsöÎ unborn child: cheko, tseko up: ‡dÕo (be) uncertain for: wegha dzà àgÎhtöe up to: wetsöÎ uncle: go˙eh uphill: dekeg·Î˙àh uncooked: ‡htöe upper arm: gokwöÍ under: wet¯öa, wezii, wezhii (be) upset: w‡nàà-le, w‡nÃÃ-le 225 (be) upset with: yechöàniw·, yetsöàniw· various: hà˙aa, kà˙aa, xà˙aa upside down: etsöÎziÃ˙aà, etsöÎzhiÃ˙aà, yiÃ˙aà, vegetable garden: dÀ tsö· dehsee köÀ, dÀ tsö· zhiÃ˙aà dehshee köÀ upstairs: ‡dÕo dahkÎ vegetables: dÀ tsö· dehsee, dÀ tsö· dehshee, ndÀ tsö· dehsee, ndÀ tsö· dehshee upstairs of a house: dahkÎ vehicle: behch‡Í, behts‡Í, mbehch‡Í, mbehts‡Í, satsÎ urinate: elo behch‡Í, satsÎ behts‡Í urine: elotÃ, golo, yihdlo vein: edoÕt¯öiÃ, godoht¯öiÃ, godoÕchöÃÃ, godoÕtsöÃÃ, us: gox‡, k‡, nax‡, x‡ godzeht¯öiÃ use: yetöàatö‡ venereal disease: tàda¯‡‡ use up: yeköehoehwhi, yeköehoohwhi very: dÃÀ, hotiÃ, kö··nÃ, siÃ, sirÀ used: -chöiÃ, -tsöiÃ, -z·Î, -zh·Î (be) very close by: niwà-lea used clothing: gohtö·chöiÃ, gohtö·tsöiÃ very close to: wetöaa used tea leaves: lidÃitöÎ very first time: nakwe¯ÎÎ used to: ‡lÀ (be) very light in weight: nedà-lea used to be: ‡lÀ, nilÀ (be) very near: niwà-lea (be) used up: very shallow water: tadea (time) hoewi very soon: whaà-lea (time or money) weköeewi, weköehoewi (be) very thin and flat: ‡tö·n‡fi (be) useful: wetöàa˙à, wetöàhoÀ˙à vessel: elà using as a guide (postposition): weghàà, weghàrÃ vest: bààlea, gÎÎmbàa-lea uterus: goch·, gots· vestments: lamÀ gohtö·Î uvula: goköàhdÀ Vicks: nàÀdi dÀht¯öÀe, nàÀdi n‡htsöia virgin: töeekogÕÕ (be) visible: kÀgaatö‡, kÀgoÀhtöÍ, wÀgaatö‡, wÀgoatö‡, English wÀgoehtöÍ, xÀgaatö‡, xÀgoatö‡, xÀgoÀhtöÍ vision darkened: wenazÃi to agÕdzà, wenazhÃi to agÕjà vacated campsite: kÎköÀ visit: ye˙Í v (one or two actors) vaccinate: yego yetsöàt¯a (plural actors) yetsöàdÀ vacuum cleaner: tsöÎtö·Î edÀe, tsöÎtö·Î Ãhchii, tsöÎtö·Î Ãhtsii visitor: mËfi, mËne, xàht· vagina: tsöÀko wedzagee voice: goweÀ valley: gonÃ‡tÎ·, gonÃ‡ghÕo, sÃhgee gonÃ‡tÎ·, voicebox: goweÀköÀ shÃhgee gonÃ‡tÎ· vomit: naeko, nako, naxaeko value: yegh·nÃet· vote (noun): eköÀtehtsÕo (be) valued: wegh·nihoÀt· vote (verb): eköÀtehgÀ, eköÀtehtsÕ 226 war with each other: e¯etsöeg· warehouse: ¯iekÎfi, ¯iwekÎfi, xehkÎ English (be) warm: (area) gÕkÎ warm weather in spring: dlÕo golÃa gÕlÀe warm weather, when bear cubs come out of waist: go‡nii, goniiw the den: sahtÃ eda wait: naÀh˙‡ warm wind: n‡htsöi whekÎ· wait for: yeda naÀh˙‡ warrior: egh·· d·Î wait!: köà wart: golaw·Î, gow·Î waiting room: tsöeÀhkwöee kÎ was: ‡lÀ, nilÀ wake (him/her): tsöeyehwhi, tsöiyehwhi was heard (this word is not used alone): ahodi wake of an animal or boat in the water: taköaà was supposed to: ha ‡lÀ wake up: (one actor) tsöewi, tsöiwi was the situation: gÕ‡˙à walk around: wash: köena˙ehtse, köenaehtse, yeköena˙ehtse, (one person) köeda yeköenaehtse (one or two people) köet¯o wash basin: dat¯ehkwöà (two people) köetsöetöà wash things: eköenà˙ehtse walk around for visiting: (one or two people) kÎta köet¯o washboard: weköe gohtö· köena˙etsee walk around laughing: (one person) köedlÕeda (be) washed: weköena˙etse walk around singing: (one person) köes‡eda, (be) washed ashore: (rigid object) tàÀht· köesh‡eda washing machine: wetöà gohtö· köena˙etsee walk behind: washroom: sÎkÎ, tsÎkÎ (one or two actors) yeköÀÀ et¯a (plural actors) giköÀedÀ, giköÀÀ edÀ washtub: lÃdziwÃ, lÃjiwÃ walk in a circle: (one or two people) tad·et¯a wasp: kwöiahn· wechÀ goÀchöoo, kwöiahn· wetsÀ goÀtsöoo walk in water: (one or two people) köetaet¯o waste (noun): gokwöÕ walk over: yeteet¯a waste (verb): ÎyeehsÃ, ÎyeehshÃ walk with a cane: köetÀet‡ waste basket: weyÃi tsöÎtö·Î tsöehdÀe walking along: (four-legged animal) naego watch (noun): sadzeÀ walking back: (one person) naeda watch (verb): yeghàeda, yeghàenda wall: kÎ goetöaà, yeetöàa, yietöàa watch band: sadzeÀ t¯öiÃ wallet: s·ÎmbawÕ watch oneself: edexoehdi want: niw·, yeghaew‡, yenihwh·, yeniw·, yewaewi, y‡‡hwh· watch out for a situation: kehoehdi, kexoehdi want from (him/her) what (he/she) has: yetsöÎ watch out!: ak·Î, ek·Î da‡˙ah watch over: yehoehdi, yexoehdi 227 water: ti way of life: nàowo water barrel: ti lÃbaà, ti lÃbarÃ way out: xàgoÀ˙àa, xàgoÕ˙àa water beetle: tehtsà we: gox‡, k‡, nax‡, x‡ water bomber: wetöà ti e¯aet¯öÃi, wetöà ti e¯aet¯öÕo we two: nax‡ water bucket: tit·Î (be) weak: nàtso-le water connecting two lakes: ti e¯Ãn‡laa wealthy: ahxe water dipper: tikwöà wealthy person: d·ahxe, eköaàwi, köaàwi water flow: ti dÀt¯öii, ti Àt¯öii wear: yetöàatö‡ water gushes: ti et¯öÕ wear (it) out: nàyehsà water hole, for getting water from under the wear around the neck: whayeÀhdlÃi ice: tiköÀ wear clothing: yeyÃiwheda water hose: tit¯öiÃ wear headgear: whayeÀh˙· water house: tihkÎ wear on head: (cloth object) kwÃyehchih, kwÃyehtsih water insect: tehtsà wear on the hands: yeyÃÀhdÃ water is running swiftly: ti nàt¯a et¯öÕ wear on the lower body: yeyÃiwhe˙À water lily: tÀehtöaà wear out (intransitive verb): nàzà water overflow: ndÀ datiÃwÃi, ndÀ ti daÃwÃi wear out footwear: tàyee˙À water pipe: tit¯öiÃ wear out pants/shoes: yeyÃikà˙e, yeyÃixà˙e water plant: tehdlaa, tehdlare (be) weary in mind: go‡nÃ nànietÃ, nànietÃ water pump: ti ehtöÕo weasel: deköÕa, nÎba, nÎmba water runs off, after abundant snow or rain: ti weave: yeghah et¯öÕ Weavers, a store in Yellowknife: AÀchöÃa kÎ, water slime: tat¯öÀloÕ AÀtsöÃa kÎ water spray: tichiÃ, titsiÃ web: mÍ water surface: tika wedge-shaped: nÎhtöÕ water tank: tit·Î Wednesday: TaidzflÈ water tap: ti kàet¯öÕo köÀ, ti xàet¯öÕo köÀ, wetöà ti week: dzflahta kàtsöeedee, wetöà ti xàtsöeedee weigh: a‡hda, yedaeda water truck: ti behch‡Í, ti behts‡Í weigh oneself: daÀda, ededaÀda water weed: dlah weighing scales: wedaedaa, wetöà edaàtsöeedaa water’s edge: tibàa weight for floating stick for fish net: nàwheàdlii waterfalls: deh nàel‡‡, nàewÃ, nà‡l‡‡, niÃl‡‡ kweÀ waterweed: tÀet¯öo weights for holding down a net: mÍhkweÀ waves in water: taacho, taat‡Í, taatso, tadecho, tatÃ (be) welded again: nadzÀ waving (it): dayahchih, dayahtsih welfare assistance: gogha en‡ht¯öÀ hoh¯À wavy: nÎ·ghÕo 228 welfare cheque: d· gha nàedÃi cheÀ, d· gha nàedÃi what is said?: dàgodi tseÀ, gogha en‡ht¯öÀ hoh¯À what is the sound?: dàgodi (be) well: mahsÃ, masÃ what kind?: dàhÕtö‡, dàÕtö‡ (a situation) masÃ hÕze what size?: dà‡hcho, dà‡htso, dà‡hz·, dà‡hzh·, well: hotie, hotii, köaàtöÃi, nez‡Í, sÃghà dàn‡hcho, dàn‡hzh· well for water: ti tsöÃhchii köÀ, ti tsöÃhtsii köÀ what then?: eyitsö· ayÃi (be) well-behaved: hotii ·töe what time?: adflÈ, ed‡Í well-rounded person: d·ahxe what time is it?: dàt¯· gh· nÃ‡˙·, dàt¯· nÃ‡˙· west: dËfi, nËfi whatever kind: töahoÀyÍ‡, töalàa sÃi west wind: dËfi n‡htsöiÃ, nËfi n‡htsöiÃ whatever place: töala köe sÃi Western Arctic: NËfi N‡htsöiÃ Tsö·Îhköe whatever time: töala köe sÃi (be) wet: ‡kwöàh, nawhehtso whatever way: töaanÃ (area) go‡kwöàh wheat: t¯öolà wet ground: ndÀ tsoÕ wheat flour: t¯öolà¯À wet land: dÀgotsoÕ wheel dog of a team: t¯‡ behch‡Í töÎ whedaa, t¯‡ wet snow: zahkwöàa, zahtsoÕ, zhahkwöàa, behch‡Í töÎ whet‡‡, t¯‡ behts‡Í töÎ whedaa, t¯‡ behts‡Í zhahtsoÕ töÎ whet‡‡ what?: ayÃi wheel dog – last dog in the team: behch‡Í töÎ what brand?: dàhÕtö‡, dàÕtö‡ whedaa, behts‡Í töÎ whedaa what colour?: dàhÕtö‡, dàÕtö‡ wheelbarrow: wetöà asÃi köetsöehdii what does he/she ask him/her?: dàyÀhdi when: dÀ, ‡dÀ, nÀ, n‡dÀ, töa‡waà (in the past) ekÕ, hÕ, kÕ what does he/she do to him/her/it?: dàayele when (he/she) was alive: -nÍ‡ what does he/she do?: dàade when?: dàhtöe what does he/she say?: dàdi whenever: dÀ, ‡dÀ, n‡dÀ what does he/she tell him/her?: dàyÀhdi where?: adflÈ, ed‡Í what does he/she think?: dànÃ‡w· where is (he/she/it) ?: weladÃ: welaedÃ what does he/she want?: dànÃ‡w· whether: asÍÍ what else?: eyitsö· ayÃi whetstone: kwegooköaà what for?: ayÃi gh· which person?: amÀe, amÃi what happened to him/her/it?: dàdzà, dàjà while: dÀ, ‡dÀ, n‡dÀ what happens?: dàade, dàgode (in the past) ekÕ, hÕ, kÕ what is happening?: dàgotö‡ while (he/she) is absent (postposition): weda what is he/she doing?: dàtö‡ while (he/she) is unaware (postposition): what is his/her name?: dàwÃyeh wenaàht· what is his/her/its name?: dàÃyeh, dàwÃyeh while sleeping: goch·, gots· what is it called?: dàÃyeh, dàwÃyeh while, in the past: ekÕ, hÕ, kÕ 229 whip (noun): dekwa wild onion: t¯öotsöiÃ whip (him/her/it): nàyeehkwa wild rose: edahbàa whirlwind: n‡htsöiyeÀ wilderness: ekÃi ka whiskers: wedaghà willow: köàa, köÕÕ whiskeyjack: Íhköaa, Íhköaye, Îhköaa, Îhköaye willow bark: köÕÕtöiÃ whisper: ‡h¯Ífi hadi, nàdadee˙Í, tsöÀwh‡fi gode willow bark net: köÕÕtöiÃ mÍ (old word) elaet·mÍ whistle (noun): wetöà etsöeehsÃi, wetöà etsöeehshÃi willow branch: köÕch‡Í, köÕts‡Í whistle (verb): eesÃ, eeshÃ willow whip: köÕkwöÍfi (be) white: degoo (many things) yàregoo win: hoehnÀ, yeehnÀ White Beach Point: Ewaà Ehda, Köitsöi Ehda win over with words: dahoehnÀ white fox: etsöÍmbàa, n·gÀeköoa wind: n‡htsöi white hide: ewÕew·· wind change direction: köe¯aeköah white lichen: adzÍÍ degoo, ajÍÍ degoo wind clouds: n‡htsöi köoÕ white owl: m·hgw‡ degoo, wohgw‡ degoo wind turned: etsöaÀhtsöi white people: MÕla, MÕlai wind up: nàyeede white person: kweÀtö‡‡, kwetö‡Í, kwetöÍ‡ (be) wind-burned: weköeeköo white spruce: tsöiwà window: edza, edzaköÀ, eja, ejaa, ejaköÀ white-winged scoter: wedzaeköoo window frame: edzaets‡Í, ejaech‡Í whitecaps: taghÕÕ window pane: edza, eja, ejaa whitefish: ¯Ãh window screen: edza kwöihwÕ, eja kwöihwÕ who?: amÀe, amÃi windpipe: gowariÃ, goweÀ (two or more people) amÃike windstorm: n‡htsöi nechàa, n‡htsöi netsàa whoever: töaa wine: dzÃetÃ, jÃetÃ whose: amÀe, amÃi, töaa wing of a bird: w‡tsö·Î why?: ayÃi gha, ayÃi gh·, ayÃiha winter: xo, xoo, xoye why?: dàanÃ gh·, dànitöà winter coat: xo gh·˙eÀ wicked person: d·dzii, d·jii, d·jire, eweÀtö‡Í wintertime: xoköe, zahköe, zhahköe wicked woman: tsöÀkodzii, tsöÀkojii wipe: (be) wide: dekÕÕ (large object) yedeedi (small object) yedeetsi wide-eyed: godageÀ wire: satsÎxÕa widening of a river: kàta‡˙àa wire fence: satsÎ eht¯ö‡ width: nÎhköÀÀ, nÎÎ (be) wise: go‡z·, go‡zh· wife: gotsöÀke wish: niw·, yenihwh·, y‡‡hwh· (be) wild in behaviour: nàgoehde 230 witch: tsö·Îko¯‡‡ wooden trap: dech‡ ehdzoÕ, dets‡ ehdzoÕ with: weta, wetöà, wexÀ, xÀ woodland caribou: t·dzi with each other: e¯exÀ woodpecker: ch‡hkw‡, dech‡hkw‡, dets‡hkw‡, ts‡hkw‡ with that: eyixÀ woodstove: satsÎköÎ·, tso dÀköÎ· satsÎÎ, tso satsÎ with the wind: n‡htsöi köÀÀ, n‡htsöi köÈÈ woody substance on dried birch: köi t¯öehtÀ, t¯öehtÀ with what?: ayÃi töà wool: naza, nazha within reach: ‡ghÎ Wool Bay: Tade Cho, Tade Tso, Tadea within the clouds: köot·Î word: yati without: -dfl, wedfl work (noun): la (be) without: yedeedl‡, yedfledl‡ work (verb): aàlaada, eghàlaeda (many people) eghàlaÃdÀ without shoes: kedfl work on: (plural actors) yeköalaedÀ (be) without sight: d· daàdeedl‡, d· naàdeedl‡ (single actor) yeköalaewo without the knowledge of (postposition): work vigorously: (one person) nàhoehwho wenaà˙Í‡, wenaàht· (plural) nàhoehdÀ witness: etsöàdaedii, gotsöàdaedii working: (machine) et¯e (be) witness to: wedaà agotö‡ world: dii nÀköe, haz·Î nÀköe, hazh·Î nÀköe witnessed: wedaà nàhÕÀwo worm: gÕo wolf: dÃga, n·di worm spots on hide: ekaà wolverine: nÎgha worn out: -z·Î, -zh·Î woman: tsöÀko (be) worried: tsö·Îniw· woman who just became a mother: gom· whel‡‡ worry: woman’s cap: tsöÀko tsöaà (one or two people) nàniwo womb: goch·, gots· (plural) nànidÀ women’s short axe: enÎla, n·Îla worry about: yegh· nàniwo wood chips: nà˙eekwÍ‡, tsogwÃa, tsohkw‡Í, tsoÕhw‡‡ worship: yeghàs·edi, yeghàtsÍedi wood truck: tso behch‡Í, tso behts‡Í worthy: deÀdl‡‡, edeÀdl‡‡ wooded area for certain kinds of wood: edl‡ wound: gokaà wooden box: dech‡ lajÀ, dets‡ ladzÀ, ladzÀ, lagÀ, wound (him/her/it): nàhkaa yehts‡ lajÀ wound on an animal: ekaà wooden cache insulated with earth: dÀech‡Í, wounded: nàhkaa dÀets‡Í wounded animal: nàhkfifi wooden cache insulated with earth or moss: wow!: yaazeh, yaàzeh dÀet·Î (be) wrapped: wexÀ˙ehchi, wexÀ˙ehtsi, wexÀehchi wooden club: dech‡xàà, dets‡xàà wrench: wetöà godeh köeÀtsöeedee wooden nail: dech‡ gotsÀ, dets‡ gotsÀ wring out: yeghàtaetsi wooden plate: ch‡hkwöà, ts‡hkwöà 231 wring out by hand: yeghàtaedi young: -gÕÕ wring out using an instrument: yeghàtaege young cow caribou: detsöÀa wrinkles on the face: go‡nÃht¯Ãh young cow moose: dedÃitsöÃdaa wrist: go‡lach‡Í, golach‡Í, golats‡Í young girl: töeekogÕÕ wrist joint: golach‡Í ghagoÀhzh·Î, golats‡Í young goat: sahzÎfi, sahzÎfi zaa, sahzhÎfi, ghagoÀhz·Î sahzhÎfi zhaa write again: nayeet¯öÀ young man: cheko, tseko write down: deköenÀyeet¯öÀ young woman: töeeko write for (him/her): yegha eet¯öÀ younger brother: gochi, gotsi write things: eet¯öÀ younger sister: godÀ (be) written down: deköeÀht¯öÀ younger stepbrother: Î·tsö· gochi, Î·tsö· gotsi wrong way: ek·Î-le younger stepsister: Î·tsö· godÀ wrongdoer: d· lahoetö‡-lee youngest: n··dea youngest child: bebÃ English y yard (measure): dech‡, dets‡, -ech‡, -ets‡ yarn: naza, nazha year: xo, xoo, xoye years: goghoÕ yeast: ¯ÀtöÀa yell at: yenÃehdlà (be) yellow: dekwo yellow warbler: ch‡fi dekwoo, ch‡fihkwoa, ts‡fi dekwoo, ts‡fihkwoa Yellowknife: S·ÎmbaköÀ yes: hfl˙fl yesterday: ‡xÈfl yet: ‡¯aà you (one person): n‡ you (plural): nax‡ 232 Some Useful Words

Days Seasons EdàidzflÈ Sunday xoköe winter EdaidzflÈ köeÀ Monday edaÀkö· thaw/early spring N�kedzflÈ Tuesday ¯iköÀ spring/early summer TaidzflÈ Wednesday ‡mbÀ summer D‡dzflÈ Thursday xatöÎ fall ˜iwetsöedÀedzflÈ Friday t·tsoa season of thin ice EdàidzflÈtöÎ Saturday Months Ed�idzflÈcho Za� January SaneköÎfi February Detö·cho Za� N‡htsöi N�tsoo Za� March Sadat¯o Za� NaÃdadzflÈ Zaà April T·tsöÃ Zaà T·doo Zaà May EyÀg·hsa June S·Îmba NàzhÀe Zaà July Degai Maà DzflÈ Zaà Dzflnde� Zaà August ˜iwe DatsöehtÀe Zaà September Ehtsöo köe Yatsöehtii Zaà October Ezh·ÎdzflÈ Zaà Ehdzo NÃzhee Zaà November Toyati Zaà December