Impact of Whatsapp Messenger on the University Level Students: a Psychological Study

Dr. Mohammad Irfan1 Ms. Sonali Dhimmar 2 1. Assistant Professor, School of Business, Auro University, Surat, India, E-mail: [email protected], Mob: 88997-18677 2. Fellow Student, School of Business, Auro University, Surat, India, E-mail: [email protected], Mob: 70693-70309 ABSTRACT WhatsApp is an amazing application, and with the help of it we can connect ourselves to the society as well as whole world. It is an effective medium for the flow of information and ideas. WhatsApp is one of the medium of such technology. Now a days it is becoming a popular word among youth, which is available in the various electronic items such as I-Phone, Android, windows phone and computer also. The present study is focused on the impact of WhatsApp on the university level students, with reference to youth of Surat and Navsari, Gujarat. A quantitate approach was used to conducted research, data were collected from 105 respondents with structured questionnaire. The questionnaire consists of 25 items. The factor analysis was extracted the four factor from the data i.e. negatively affected, helpful, psychological change and essential. The outcome of study will reveal that WhatsApp is a medium of making communication easier and faster thereby by enhancing effective flow of information, idea sharing and connecting people easier. It is found that WhatsApp has also a profound negative impact on youth and adversely affects their education, behaviour and routine lives. Key words: Psychological Change, Study Habit, Influence, University Students. INTRODUCTION WhatsApp messenger is cross-platform instant messaging service for smartphones; it is a freeware service (Metz, 2016). It allows users to send text messages, phone contacts, videos, images, GIF, documents, audio files, voice notes and user location by using standard cellular mobile numbers through internet (Voice Calling, 2015). Information all are end-to-end encrypted. It also include a feature known as status, that permits users to upload photos and videos to a twenty four-hours-lifetime feed that, by default, are visible to all contacts, almost like Facebook, Instagram and Snapchat(WhatsApp Voice Calling, 2015). Today WhatsApp messenger is becomes a very standard and famous instant messaging app for smart phones that used by millions of individuals in all over the world. The app develops at that time in a very less amount of time and very rapid speed it becomes well known and most popular app. lots of people in all over the globe are using this app in their phones. The reason behind the popularity of WhatsApp messenger is individuals fell very simple and easy to use this app to send messages, images, videos etc. to friends or to any other relatives easily. Therefore this shows that how WhatsApp messenger is important in our present life style (Current Scenario of WhatsApp , 2015).

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The data shows a timeline that worldwide monthly active user of WhatsApp as of April 2017 to July 2017. The app announced 200 billion monthly active users in April 2013, 500 billion monthly active users in April 2014, 800 billion monthly active users in April 2015 and 1300 billion monthly active users in July 2017; it is over from 1 billion monthly active users in February 2016. This is the best service provide in all over the world(2018). In addition a daily active user of WhatsApp is one billion in all over the globe. Fifty five billion messages transfer over on WhatsApp per day. Every day over one billion videos and 4.5 billion Photos are shared on WhatsApp. WhatsApp has supports 60 languages globally. The introduction of new features of WhatsApp which are video call, two-step verification security, Status (Posts that automatically disappear after 24 hours), and a revamp in design has helped WhatsApp to attract more users since last year when it had just one billion monthly active users( Globally Active Users of WhatsApp, 2017).WhatsApp is very popular in markets outside the US whereas facing robust competition from Asia-based social messenger apps like LINE, Kakaotalk, and WeChat. WhatsApp quality in rising mobile markets is not only based on their low-cost business model but on several of its new amazing features(Mishra, 2017). BACKGROUND OF WHATSAPP WhatsApp was founded by Jan Koum and Brian Acton, Both former workers of Yahoo. They both left yahoo and applied jobs at Facebook however both were rejected. At that point of time, with very little direction on wherever his next career path would take him. In 2009, though, when buying an iPhone, Jan Koum has the vision to envision that an entire business was closed to mostly around mobile app. trying to exploit this business, Jan Koum began to explore the possibility of creating an App which may let mobile user’s sensible move with their friends, relatives, and business contacts. They both managed to influence five employees from Yahoo. To invest in the app with $250,000, finally WhatsApp was launched in 2009. It had been a rocky begins for WhatsApp. When various crashes (up) and failures (down), Koum grew pissed off with the app’s development and reportedly thought-about giving up entire business. It had been act on that inspired to stay it out. Fortuitously for the both of them, the pair did so stick it out and saw the app through to its final success. After few months, WhatsApp was boom in the market. By Feb of 2013, WhatsApp boasted fifty staff members and two hundred million users. In Feb 2014, social network Facebook acquired WhatsApp for IJRAR19J2805 International Journal of Research and Analytical Reviews (IJRAR) www.ijrar.org 573

© 2019 IJRAR February 2019, Volume 6, Issue 1 www.ijrar.org (E-ISSN 2348-1269, P- ISSN 2349-5138) nineteen billion U.S. dollars, a staggering amount even for the social networking large. At that point, WhatsApp had regarding 450 million monthly active users and 315 million daily active users, in keeping with business Insider (Bacground of Whatsapp , 2017). WhatsApp messenger is one amongst the popular and flourishing messaging apps to date with an amazing growth story that relied on very little promotion. In Oct 2009, WhatsApp accumulated $250,000 funding ( Jan Koum Built WhatsApp Into Facebook, 2014). The app formally released for the apple App Store and in few months later it was released for all major mobile application systems. In 2011, it has become a high marketer on iPhone, android and Blackberry while not abundant promoting. In April 2011 the company raised $8m from Sequoia Capital ( Jan Koum Built WhatsApp Into Facebook, 2014). In Oct 2011, one billion messages were being sent every day by its users. By Feb 2013, the app reached two hundred million active users. In Jan 2015 Sequoia again invested another $50m, valuing the company at $1.5bn. In same year, it hit 600million active usersand creating it the most well-known messaging app up to now, and rose to 900million by Sept this year. In Feb 2014, the company was acquired by Facebook for $19bn and creating it the biggest venture-backed exit throughout that year (Richter, 2015). In the line of success citi group has forecast that WhatsApp might generate revenue of $1bn by 2017(Ray, 2015). Asian country and African nation are high markets for WhatsApp (whatsApp Messenger most popular in India & Malaysia, 2014). EFFECTIVE USE OF WHATSAPP It helps in lowering production costs and increasing the efficiency of internal business operations, People use WhatsApp to interact with colleagues, supervisors, and/or other that saves them time or increases productivity during the day. Improving customer service, the most common reasons customers use WhatsApp to communicate with businesses includes, making or confirming an appointment or reservation, placing an order or making a purchase, and asking for information on products or services (e.g., price, inventory, return policy). By making communication faster and more efficient, WhatsApp may enable businesses to lower their labour costs and attract more customers. Lowering marketing costs, Affordable and fast communication decreases costs for businesses, thus potentially increasing profits and contributing to growth. Making communications with investors more efficient, WhatsApp users communicate with business partners, investors, shareholders, or financial contributors. Rapid interactions and quick updates may lead to higher investments for a firm or business, resulting in increased output and long run growth. Improving public sector services, WhatsApp improves communications between the public and the social sector. ADVANTAGES OF WHATSAPP WhatsApp is free: ‘Free’ is the biggest advantage of WhatsApp. It is easy to use; simply enter the mobile number in the device into this app. WhatsApp is one of the most popular application which emerges like the culture of MacDonald that create a new taste in social networking market and majority of youth crazy for this. It enables users to have multimedia downloads text messaging without having to pay short messages service (SMS). This is the feature that makes WhatsApp quite popular among youth. With the help of this application, an Individual can chat with family, friends beyond the limit of seas and creates familiar environment for it. It also helps to keep contact to everybody at one time. No doubt, this amazing app is useful for us from many ways. One instance can be given in respect of this; we are buying something and have confusion about the item. Then to remove confusion we can take the picture of this and send it to our dear one on WhatsApp to get suggestion ( Bhatt & Arshad, 2016). OBJECTIVES  To measure the factors which are affect the life of university level students by using WhatsApp.  To identify the positive or negative impact of university level students by using WhatsApp.

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© 2019 IJRAR February 2019, Volume 6, Issue 1 www.ijrar.org (E-ISSN 2348-1269, P- ISSN 2349-5138) LITERATURE REVIEW They find out the effect of WhatsApp messenger on youth. Information was collected from a hundred samples of youth from Agra, India. Analysis shows that WhatsApp has positive as well as negative impact on youth. It affects their education, behaviour and routine lives. It’s extremely addictive in nature. Findings show that youths are spending more time on this application instead of spending quality time with their family members (Bhatt & Arshad, 2016).(Yeboah & Ewur, 2014) They find out the impact of WhatsApp on educational performance of youth and information was collected from five hundred and fifty students of institutions of Ghana. The analysis shows that WhatsApp has negative impact on the study of youth. It also affects their academic language like error of spellings and construction of sentences. So it's tough to balance at the same time the online activities and educational performance with WhatsApp.(Appiah, 2016) Find out the effect of WhatsApp to the college students of Begum Rokeya University, Rangpur, Bangladesh. Information was collected from two hundred students through questionnaire. The study has disclosed that WhatsApp has negative effect on students and adversely affects their education, behaviour and routine lives. It messes up abundant of study time of students and distracts them from finishing their assignments. The study concludes that time management is important for on-line activities. Students should give priority to their life and career building rather than giving priority to the WhatsApp. (Sharma & Shukla, 2016) Find out the effect of WhatsApp on students from Gwalior, India. Information was collected from a hundred students through questionnaire. Research shows that WhatsApp has impact on the life style of youth particularly in their studies. It affects their educational language and spoils their writing skills and construction of sentences. They will get wrong information and concentration is a lot of on gossips and even become wholly regarding on this to get information about around the world.(Maheswari, 2014) Conducted a study to investigate the persistency of using WhatsApp by under graduate students in Salem District, Tamil Nadu, It had been found from the study majority of respondents using WhatsApp Messenger typically send pictures, videos and do group chatting with minimum number of friends and long-time users usually send images, videos and do group chatting with friends. The study explain that majority of respondents using WhatsApp Messenger usually do chatting through WhatsApp messenger. It’s suggested that, awareness can be created between all the individuals no matter their age, education, sex, profession etc. If this might be done, not only the college going students however all the individuals may reap the advantage of using WhatsApp Messenger.(Kumar & Sharma, 2016) Find out the usage and effect of WhatsApp. Data was collected from 460 samples of youth from Northern, India. Research shows that there is a significant impact of WhatsApp on its users. Users think WhatsApp has improved their relationship with friends and it’s not harmful for them.(Shettigar & Karinagannanavar, 2016) They find out the WhatsApp usage among the undergraduates at University of Brunei, Darussalam. The study shows that a majority of the undergraduates use WhatsApp for more than three hour per day. The study found that WhatsApp was very useful for group discussions and interaction. Of the respondents opined that it was disruptive to their study. The analysis shows that a majority of the undergraduates do tend to disseminate information only if they believed it to be useful, relevant or true.(Sahajwani, 2016) Find out the Impact of WhatsApp messenger on educational performance of students. Data was collected from 120 students of Sagar Group of Institution Bhopal. Research shows that Students spent more than one hour time on the use of WhatsApp but are efficient enough for their studies; they do not face any difficulty in meeting their studies requirements, assignment submission.(Veena & Lokesha , 2016) Find out the effect of WhatsApp usage among students. Information was collected from two hundred students from Mangalore University through questionnaire. Analysis shows that majority of users familiar with WhatsApp and use WhatsApp for educational purpose.(Sarker, 2015) Find out the effect of WhatsApp on the university level students. This empirical study has been conducted upon two hundred respondents with a questionnaire that was used as a tool of information collection for the survey. The analysis shows that WhatsApp has a profound negative impact on students and adversely affects their education, behaviour and routine lives. It messes up most of study time of students and distracts them from finishing their assignments. This app has been found to be extremely addictive.(Sudharani & Nagaraju, 2016) The Study conducted on WhatsApp usage by engineering students at SVU College of Engineering, Tirupati, and Chittor district in Andhra Pradesh. Findings of the study clearly proved that all the respondents are using WhatsApp. The study IJRAR19J2805 International Journal of Research and Analytical Reviews (IJRAR) www.ijrar.org 575

© 2019 IJRAR February 2019, Volume 6, Issue 1 www.ijrar.org (E-ISSN 2348-1269, P- ISSN 2349-5138) report shows that students spend less time in using the WhatsApp, which is positive aspect.(Shanmugapriya & Priya, 2016) They identify the using WhatsApp faced on reduction stress. The results discovered that WhatsApp is a great application that provides various benefits to the customer and also conclude that social media application must improve their services to satisfy all types of users.(Ashiyan, 2016)The study was to investigate the use and effect of mobile applications such as WhatsApp on school work and out of school work. Analysis shows that WhatsApp as a learning platform used the teams so as to enhance the accessibility of learning materials and therefore the performance of learning activities.(Abaido & El-Messiry, 2016) they investigate the level of usage of this social networking application (WhatsApp messenger) and identify the impact of WhatsApp messenger on the quality of education through improving the interaction of instructor- student communication, and student-student communication in which they can create, share and/or exchange information and ideas in an e-learning environment. Results show strong positive indicators that there are distinct differences between the face to face formal teaching method and the e-learning method applied via WhatsApp.(Sayan, 2016) Find out the effects of students’ usage of WhatsApp İnstant messaging for learning and improves students’ achievement (exam performance). The results shows that use of WhatsApp for improvement of achievement of the course goals had a significant support of the teacher candidates.(Ahad & Ariff Lim, 2014)They examine the domestication of WhatsApp among young people, specifically the undergraduates at University Brunei Darussalam. Results showed that young people perceive WhatsApp as a ‘convenient ‘communication application in their everyday lives.(Shahkat Ali & Kootbodien, 2017) They identify the perceptions and trends of Abu Dhabi university students, considering WhatsApp as an effective interpersonal communication medium. The analysis shows a positive reaction from the students. Study also concludes that WhatsApp will be considered an effective interpersonal communication medium. (Ta'amneh, 2017) Find out the frequency of using social media particularly WhatsApp usage among college students. Data was collected from 40 first year university students in Salem District. The analysis shows that they believe that used a combination method (WhatsApp and traditional) was better than the learned through the traditional method (face to face). Study also concludes that usage of WhatsApp among college students of Salem District is growing very fast.(Altaany, 2015) Find out the uses of WhatsApp for student of Irbid National University at Jordan from their perspective and impact of WhatsApp on academic performance of students. The results indicate that uses WhatsApp for students at Irbid National University in Jordan there were a statistically significant relationship between the WhatsApp and academic performance of student and there is no a statistically significant relationship between (audio, call)with academic performance.(Kamboj & Dayal, 2014) They explore that why youth use and what motivates them to use Instant Messaging Applications (IM) applications on their digital devices with specific relevance to WhatsApp. The analysis shows that respondents are actively using WhatsApp for his or her Economic, Communication, Pastime, Diversion, Affection, Fashion, Sharing Problem and sociality motives that results in fulfilment of their expectations. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY This research deals with mixed research which is partially quantitative and partially qualitative to find out in depth. The research has made the use of survey method. Survey was conducted among randomly selected WhatsApp user in Surat city and Navsari city along with sample size of 105 students between the age group of 17 to 25 years, who were college going students. This age group of youth (17-25years) who has chosen for the survey are the heavy users of social media and early adopters of advanced technological application. The survey was conducted through a structured questionnaire. Data has been collected through primary source. Two universities were chosen for the survey comprising of one private(Auro University) and one public which is VNSGU (Veer Narmad South Gujarat University) and. The field data were analysed using statistical package for social science (SPSS version 21) and Microsoft excel for drawing of charts. This research has been done by factor analysis. Factor analysis is a method of data reduction. Factor analysis includes, KMO and Bartlett's Test measure of sampling adequacy, Total variance explained, Screen plot, and Rotated component matrix.Sampling adequacy determines if the responses given with sample are adequate or not.Total variance explained the initial eigenvalues which is measure of explained variance. Screen plot IJRAR19J2805 International Journal of Research and Analytical Reviews (IJRAR) www.ijrar.org 576

© 2019 IJRAR February 2019, Volume 6, Issue 1 www.ijrar.org (E-ISSN 2348-1269, P- ISSN 2349-5138) is a visual representation of how much this variance explained the factors.It is useful for determining how many factor to retain.Rotated component matrix helps to determine what are the components represent. DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION Table 1, Demographic Information

Variables No. of Respondents (N=105) Percent (%=100)

Gender (N=105) (%=100)

Male 85 81% Female 20 19% Age (N=105) (%=100) 17-19 13 12.4% 20-22 44 41.9% 23-25 48 45.7% Source: Field survey, 2018 From Table 1, the gender of the respondents was explored, majority 81% were males and the rest were females 19%. The total percentage represents the two institutions that the questionnaires were administered too. These institutions include; VNSGU and Auro University. This result implies that male use the WhatsApp more often than their female counterpart does. In addition, it was revealed that most of the male students preferred using the application for communication, especially for group discussions on specific current event in rather than to meet their group members personally than the female. The average age group of the respondents was obtained from 23-25 years. This belong to the majority 45.7% age group 23-25, 41.9% were age group between 20-22 years, finally age group between 17-19 years 12.4% were constitute the least group. This implies that the WhatsApp population is youth centric. Respondent Who Use Whatsapp The collection of data revealed that 100% college going students use whatsapp. The samples clearly make strong view that they use whatsapp for being in touch with family, friends, and acquaintances because of its cheap cost which reduce the calling &sms expenditure.( Source: Field survey, 2018) Figure 1, Frequently Use Whatsapp Application

100 87 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 13 10 3 2 0 Regularly 2-4 times a Day Very less Often

Source: Field survey, 2018

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© 2019 IJRAR February 2019, Volume 6, Issue 1 www.ijrar.org (E-ISSN 2348-1269, P- ISSN 2349-5138) The output of the data shows that most of the respondents 87 (82.9%) regularly use the WhatsApp application, 13 (12.4%) respondents use WhatsApp 2-4 times a day, 3 (2.9%) respondents use the WhatsApp very less, 2 (1.9%) respondents often use the WhatsApp application. This implies that the WhatsApp application use ability among is very high among university level students. They check frequently their cell- phone on the every beep of whatsapp in spite of engaging in studying, eating or doing some-thing important. Figure 2, How Long Using Whatsapp Application

80 67 60

40 28

20 9 1 0 Less than 6 months 6 month-1 year 1 yr-5 years More than 5 years

Source: Field survey, 2018 The results of the data revealed that most of the respondents 67 (63.8%) use the WhatsApp application 1-5 years, 28 (26.7%) respondents use WhatsApp application more than 5 years, 9 (8.6%) respondents use WhatsApp between 6 months-1 year, 1 (1%) respondents use WhatsApp less than 6 months. The reason behind the popularity of WhatsApp messenger is individuals fell very simple and easy to use this app to send messages, images, videos etc. to friends or to any other relatives easily. Most of the respondents belong to the age group of 23-25 years.

Figure 3, How Many Hours Using Whatsapp Daily

45 39 40 37 35 30 25 20 15 14 15 10 5 0 1-2 hours 2-5 hours 5-8 hours More than 8 hours

Source: Field survey, 2018 The output revealed that most of the respondents 39 (37.1%) spend between 1-2 hours every day, 37 (35.2%) spend between 2-5 hours a day, 15 (14.3%) respondents spend between 5-8 hours a day, and 14 (13.3%) respondents spend more than 8 hours a day. This implies that they use WhatsApp in any times a day. Study also able to discover that there is an inverse relationship between two factors which is, the more time a student spends using whatsapp, the less time he or she has to attend to academic matters such as class work, assignments, preparation for class test, mid-semester exams and end of the semester’s examination which account for the student’s lower or poor grade Points.

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40 37 29 30 23 20 16 10 0 Socialize and make Remain updated Collaborate with As a source of new friends about what is fellow students and recreation trending study andrelaxation

Source: Field survey, 2018 The results explore that most of the respondents 37 (35.2%) use WhatsApp Collaborate with fellow students and study, 29 (27.6%) respondents use WhatsApp as a source of recreation and relaxation, 23 (21.9%) use WhatsApp remain updated about what is trending and 16 (15.2%) respondents use WhatsApp socialize and make new friends. This implies that WhatsApp play a major role in academic performance of the students. Also data found that most of the students preferred using the application for communication, especially for group discussions on specific assignment given in class than to meet their group members personally. Figure 5, Advantages of Using Whatsapp

80 70 60 40 21 10 20 4 0 Sharing Meeting new people Learning technology Keeping in touch with information/work can help you socialize becomes easier friends is convenient quickly

Source: Field survey, 2018 The output indicate that most of the respondents 70 (66.7%) response that WhatsApp is useful for sharing information and quickly work, 21 (20%) response that it is useful for keeping in touch with friends is convenient, 21 (9.5%) response that it’s useful for learning technology becomes easier, and 4 (3.8%) response that it is useful for meeting new people can help you socialize. User can interact among people freely and can share, exchange and discuss the Information, ideas, personal message and other content between each- other such as using a multimedia messages, personal words, pictures, video and audio& utilizes online platform by connecting to the Internet.

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45 42 40 37 35 30 25 20 17 15 9 10 5 0 Reduced focus on Lesser physical Decreases/destroys There is no concept of studies and affects activity results in social skills privacy academic health problems performance

Source: Field survey, 2018 The results shows that most of the respondents 42(40%) response that WhatsApp Reduced their focus on studies and affects academic performance, 37(35.2%) response that it’s effect their physical activity results in health problems, 17(16.2%) response that it’s decreases/destroys social skills, and 9(3.8%) response that there is no concept of privacy.Whatsapp takes lots of time of their study and could not be able to complete their assignment. Many times, they strive to control themselves to view whatsapp messages but they do not get satisfied until they check their app. Reliability Test Table 2, Reliability Statistics

Reliability Statistics

Cronbach's Alpha N of Items 0.821 15 Source: Field survey, 2018 In this output have coefficient called Cronbach's Alpha which should be closer to one it is never more than one but generally a coefficient of more than or equal to 0.1 is quite acceptable. It is consider very good crowd and if a scale has that coefficient that Cronbach’s Alpha that means the scale is reliable enough. This table shows that theCronbach's Alpha is o.821, which is close to one meaning that this scale is very good. Table 3, Scale Statistics Scale Statistics Mean Variance Std. Deviation N of Items 52.99 61.718 7.8561 15 Source: Field survey, 2018 This table shows that the scale of statistics which includes mean, variance, std.deviation and number of items. The mean for all the items in scale is 52.99. The variance in the number of items is 61.718 and standard deviation is 7.8561.

Factor Analysis (Dimension of Reduction)

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© 2019 IJRAR February 2019, Volume 6, Issue 1 www.ijrar.org (E-ISSN 2348-1269, P- ISSN 2349-5138) Table4, KMO and Bartlett's Test KMO and Bartlett's Test Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin Measure of Sampling Adequacy. .700 Bartlett's Test of Sphericity Approx. Chi-Square 526.893 df 105 Sig. .000 Source: Field survey, 2018 Here important parts of the output: the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkinmeasure of sampling adequacy and Bartlett's test of sphericity. The KMO statistic varies between 0 and 1. A value of 0 indicates that the sum of partial correlations is large relative to thesum of correlations, indicating diffusion in the pattern of correlations (hence, factor analysis is likely to be inappropriate). A value close to 1 indicates that patterns of correlations are relatively compact and so factor analysis should yield distinct and reliable factors. Kaiser (1974) recommends accepting values greater than 0.5 as acceptable. Furthermore, values between 0.5 and 0.7 are mediocre, values between 0.7 and 0.8 are good, values between 0.8 and 0.9 are great and values above 0.9 are superb. For these data the value is 0.700, which falls into the range of being good: so, that factor analysis is appropriate for these data(Field, 2005). Bartlett's measure tests the null hypothesis that the original correlation matrix is an identity matrix. For factor analysis to work need some relationships between variables and if the R- matrix were an identity matrix then all correlation coefficients would be zero. Therefore, this test to be significant (i.e. have a significance value less than 0.05). A significant test tells us that the R-matrix is not an identity matrix; therefore, there are some relationships between the variables. For these data, Bartlett's test is highly significant (p < 0.001), and therefore factor analysis is appropriate(Field, 2005). Table 5, Total Variance Explained Component Initial Eigenvalues Rotation Sums of Squared Loadings Total % of Cumulative % Total % of Cumulative % Variance Variance 1 4.414 29.428 29.428 3.143 20.952 20.952 2 1.925 12.836 42.264 2.091 13.940 34.893 3 1.368 9.123 51.387 2.075 13.833 48.726 4 1.308 8.721 60.108 1.707 11.382 60.108 5 1.047 6.982 67.090 6 .932 6.213 73.303 7 .789 5.262 78.565 8 .620 4.133 82.698 9 .584 3.894 86.591 10 .525 3.501 90.092 11 .409 2.729 92.821 12 .331 2.206 95.027 13 .314 2.093 97.120 14 .223 1.488 98.609 15 .209 1.391 100.000 Extraction Method: Principal Component Analysis.

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© 2019 IJRAR February 2019, Volume 6, Issue 1 www.ijrar.org (E-ISSN 2348-1269, P- ISSN 2349-5138) Source: Field survey, 2018 SPSS Output lists the eigenvalues associated with each linear component (factor) before extraction, and after rotation. Before extraction, SPSS has identified 23 linear components within the data set. The eigenvalues associated with each factor represent the variance explained by that particular linear component and SPSS also displays the eigenvalue in terms of the percentage of variance explained (so, factor 1 explains 29.428% of total variance). It should be clear that the first few factors explain relatively large amounts of variance (especially factor 1) whereas subsequent factors explain only small amounts of variance. SPSS then extracts all factors with eigenvalues greater than 1, which leaves us with four factors. The eigenvalues associated with these factors are again displayed (and the percentage of variance explained) in the columns labelled extraction sums of squared loadings. The values in this part of the table are the same as the values before extraction, except that the values for the discarded factors are ignored (hence, the table is blank after the fourth factor). In the final part of the table (labelledRotation Sums of Squared Loadings), the eigenvalues of the factors after rotation are displayed. Rotation has the effect of optimizing the factor structure and one consequence for these data is that the relative importance of the four factors is equalized. Before rotation, factor 1 accounted for considerably more variance than the remaining three (29.428% compared to 12.836, 9.123, and 8.721), however after extraction it accounts for only 20.952% of variance (compared to 13.940, 13.833and 11.382% respectively). Between these four factors, they explained almost 60% of the cumulative variance in the data set (Field, 2005). Table 6, Rotated Component Matrix of Factors Items 1 2 3 4 Do you believe using WhatsApp is posing negative effects on your studies .743 by any means? Does WhatsApp affect your social life? .757 Do you agree usage of WhatsApp has any negative effects on your life? .724 Does WhatsApp occupying your privacy? .679 Is your Academic score reduced upon WhatsApp usage? .638 Does WhatsApp have affected your rest time? .640 Do you agree using WhatsApp helps you in your studies by any means? .749 Do you think usage of WhatsApp has any positive effects on your life? .515 Do you believe WhatsApp is beneficial in terms of learning? .757 Do you believe the friends made through WhatsApp are trustworthy? .581 Have you been addict of WhatsApp? .544 Have you ever regretted any information that you shared/posted over .802 WhatsApp? Do you feel psychological changes in yourself because of WhatsApp? .709 Do you agree using WhatsApp is essential for today’s life? .808 Are your parents aware of your WhatsApp activities? .843 Source: Field survey, 2018 Factor One: Six items loaded into factor one. This was labelled, “Negatively affected”. Which were included six items i.e., WhatsApp has negatively affect student life, WhatsApp takes lots of time of their study and could not be able to complete their assignment, it has adverse impacts on the performance of students, It destroys student’s grammar and spellings, leads to lack of concentration during lectures and difficulty in balancing online activities and academic preparation. Factor Two: The four items that loaded into a second factor, this was labelled, “Helpful”. It included, WhatsApp is beneficial in terms of learning, WhatsApp affects their study positively because through this IJRAR19J2805 International Journal of Research and Analytical Reviews (IJRAR) www.ijrar.org 582

© 2019 IJRAR February 2019, Volume 6, Issue 1 www.ijrar.org (E-ISSN 2348-1269, P- ISSN 2349-5138) app they can connect to their faculty and classmates and get immediate responses of their quarry. They can also share notes and purposive information through it. Factor Three: Three items loaded into a third factor. This was labelled, “Psychological Change”.WhatsApp has impact on student psychology Many times, they strive to control themselves to view whatsapp messages but they do not get satisfied until they check their app. Factor Four: The two items that loaded onto Factor four, this was labelled, “Essential”.WhatsApp is essential for today’s life. Whatsapp is much quicker and more convenient way to interact with people who enhance the effective flow of massages and ideas among youth.

Table 7, Rank of Factors by Mean Value N Mean Sum Rank Factors Negatively affected 104 20.0673 2087.00 1 Helpful 104 15.2308 1584.00 2 Psychological Change 104 10.0769 1048.00 3 Essential 104 7.6154 792.00 4 Source: Field survey, 2018 Table 7, shows that the rank of all factors which were excluded from the items. So that rank one suggested the WhatsApp negatively affected the university going students. Every coin has two sides likewise WhatsApp also helpful for the knowledge seekers, which has occupied the second rank from the surveyed data. Excess using the WhatsApp messenger it impacted on the psychological change in behavior of the students, which is on rank third. Rank four the consideration of proper use of WhatsApp application is essential for the students for enhancing the knowledge grade. FINDINGS Findings shows that age group between 20 to 25 years are highly users of WhatsApp application.Most of the respondents 82.9% regularly use the WhatsApp application, which means they are highly addictive of WhatsApp.The intensity of usage of WhatsApp is high in Surat city. Most of the students used WhatsApp 2 to 5 hours in a day. According to the survey 35.2% respondents were used WhatsApp Collaborate with fellow students and study, 27.6% respondents were used WhatsApp as a source of recreation and relaxation, 21.9% respondents were used WhatsApp remain updated about what is trending and rest of 15.2% respondents were used WhatsApp socialize and make new friends. This implies that WhatsApp play a major role in academic performance of the students. Interpretation of 66.7% respondents were contributed that WhatsApp is useful for sharing information and doing quickly work. WhatsApp instead of making communication easier and faster thereby enhancing effective flow of information and idea sharing among students, 58% students strongly agree that WhatsApp helps in their studies and beneficial in terms of learning.The study has revealed that WhatsApp has a profound negative impact on students and adversely affects their education, behaviour and routine lives. It messes up much of study time of students and distracts them from completing their assignments. This app has been found to be highly addictive. 40% of respondents shows that WhatsApp Reduced their focus on studies and affects academic performance and responsible for a lot of grammatical mistake, lack of concentration while lecturing. 35% respondents were strongly agreeing that because of using WhatsApp their academic score reduce. Thus it has negative effect on the study. 36% respondents stated that WhatsApp affect their social life, 37% students admitted that WhatsApp affect their rest time. 25% respondents were admitted that, they have become addicted of WhatsApp. 40% respondents believed that friends made through WhatsApp are trustworthy.

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© 2019 IJRAR February 2019, Volume 6, Issue 1 www.ijrar.org (E-ISSN 2348-1269, P- ISSN 2349-5138) CONCLUSION This paper investigates the impact of WhatsApp on the university level students; therefore this study reveals considerable fact related to students and uses of WhatsApp application. However WhatsApp is much quicker and more convenient way to interact with people who enhance the effective flow of massages and ideas among youth. Indeed intensity of WhatsApp is very high among students.The main goal of this paper is to find out impact of WhatsApp on students. WhatsApp is beneficial from many ways like to keep in touch from their friends, especially when they live far from their home. It is very helpful even for those people who feel shyness in social interaction.As every invention has its pros and cons in its own sense, similarly WhatsApp has also, the greater drawback for its highly addictive nature. There is a very narrow line between the favourite pass time and the addition of WhatsApp on youth. They delete WhatsApp but after couple of days, they again launch it. It is the major reason for having negative impact on youth’s psychology. Most of the time, youth seems stick with their cell-phones for knowing each and every moment of other person’s personal life.The result shows that WhatsApp is a negative impact on students’ academic performance and it reduced focus on studies. It is also affected the students rest time. However, if used negatively it has adverse impacts on the performance of students. Among the negative impacts include the following, it takes much of the students studies time, results in procrastination related problems, destroys students grammar and spellings, leads to lack of concentration during lectures and difficulty in balancing online activities and academic preparation.The study further concludes that the purpose of WhatsApp varies from person to person and in some cases from group to group. The purpose depends upon the user and his/her intentions. Most frequently WhatsApp uses include; studying, group for discussion, networking, reading contents (news, videos and photos), to kill loneliness and establishing romantic relationship.Therefore WhatsApp is like a sharp knife if you do not know the way of using it, you can cut yourself. Hence students must be careful while using WhatsApp. LIMITATION Limited time for the study, this make difficult to make study in depth, there is limited literature review available in Indian context, with relation to WhatsApp usage. Several studies were done on foreign context than in India.The study should have included other apps like Hike, Instagram, Snapchat messenger which is gaining popularity in today’s scenario. The study focused only Navsari and Surat city two out of the numerous tertiary institutions in Surat. Additional studies on other tertiary institutions should provide further insights into the impact of WhatsApp on the university level students. Although, framed within an academic context, the research can be utilized to investigate the use of Whatsapp not only at colleges, but also at home, workplace, and various other settings, and for a variety of different audiences such as teenagers, young adults, the elderly or families.

RECOMMENDATION Time management is essential for students. They do not waste their most time with this application. Time management should be incorporated into the curriculum of institutions.Students should give the priority of their studies. They should do not think that WhatsApp is a priority.Unannounced quizzes should be conducted frequently by lecturers to compel students to sit-up. Cell phones should either be forbidden in lecture halls or switched off if allowed in, instead of the prevailing practice of allowing them in but must be put on mute. This allows the students to chat during lectures.

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© 2019 IJRAR February 2019, Volume 6, Issue 1 www.ijrar.org (E-ISSN 2348-1269, P- ISSN 2349-5138) REFERENCES Abaido, d., & el-messiry, d. (2016). Efficiency of whatsapp as a means of disseminating educational information. It & knowledge excellence. Ahad, a. D., & ariff lim, s. (2014). Convenience or nuisance?: the ‘whatsapp’ dilemma. The international conference on communication and media. Altaany, f. H. (2015). Usage whatsapp application for e-learning and its impact on academic performance in irbid national university in jordan. Researchgat. Appiah, m. K. (2016). Influence of whatsapp on study habit of university students in ghana. International journal of research in economics and social sciences. Ashiyan, z. (2016). Impact of whatsapp on learning and retention of collocation knowledge among iranian efl learners. Australian international academic centre, australia. Bacground of Whatsapp . (2017, February 21). Retrieved from logomyway. Bhatt, m., & arshad, d. (2016). Impact of whatsapp on youth: a sociological study. International journal of management & social sciences, 376-386. Current Scenario of WhatsApp . (2015, July 23). Retrieved from Sky Topper. Field, D. (2005). Factor Analysis Using Spss. C8057 , 14. Globally Active Users of WhatsApp. (2017, July 27). Retrieved from TECH News. Jan Koum Built WhatsApp Into Facebook. (2014, FEB 19). Retrieved from Crunchbase. Kamboj, t., & dayal, m. (2014). Usage of instant messaging application on smartphones among youths: a study of uses and gratification of whatsapp. Research paper. Kumar, n., & sharma, s. (2016). Survey analysis on the usage and impact of whatsapp messenger whatsapp messenger. Global journal of enterprise information system. Maheswari, d. U. (2014). Frequency of using whatsapp messenger among college students in salem district, tamilnadu. International journal of computer science and mobile applications. Metz, C. (2016, April 5 ). "Forget Apple vs. the FBI: WhatsApp Just Switched on Encryption for a Billion People. Retrieved May 13, 2016, from WIRED. Mishra, T. (2017, December 4). Global leader WhatsApp faces tough competition in Southeast Asia. Retrieved from YOURSTORY. Number of monthly active WhatsApp users as of 2013-2017. (2018). Retrieved from Statista. Ray, T. (2015, April 2). Facebook: Citi Ups Target to $97; Sees $2.7B Instagram, $986M WhatsApp Rev in 2017. Retrieved from Barrons. Richter, F. (2015, Jan 7). WhatsApp Closing In On A Billion Users. Retrieved from Statista. Sahajwani, l. (2016). Impact of whatsapp messenger on academic performance of students-a case study of sirt-bhopal. Journal of management research conference. Sarker, m. R. (2015). Impact of whatsapp messenger on the university level students: a sociological study. International journal of natural and social sciences. Sayan, d. (2016). Affecting higher students learning activity by using whatsapp. European journal of research and reflection in educational sciences.

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© 2019 IJRAR February 2019, Volume 6, Issue 1 www.ijrar.org (E-ISSN 2348-1269, P- ISSN 2349-5138) Shahkat ali, m. S., & kootbodien, a. (2017). The effectiveness of whatsapp as an interpersonal communication medium among abu dhabi university students. Ijmjmc. Shanmugapriya, s., & priya, a. (2016). A study on impact of using whatsapp on reduction of stress. International journal of current research and modern education. Shettigar, m. P., & karinagannanavar, a. (2016). Pattern of whatsapp usage and its impact on medical students of mysore medical college and research institute, india. International journal of community medicine and public health. Sudharani, y., & nagaraju, k. (2016). Whatsapp usage among the students of svu college of engineering, tirupathi. Journal of advances in library and information science. Veena, & lokesha . (2016). The effect of whatsapp messenger usage among students in mangalore university. International journal of library and information studies. Voice Calling. (2015, March 12). WhatsApp Messenger most popular in India & Malaysia. (2014, November 13). Retrieved from informatemi. WhatsApp Voice Calling. (2015, April 4). Yeboah, J., & Ewur, G. D. (2014). The impact of whatsapp messenger usage on students. Journal of education and practice.

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