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583 Studi Pemanfaatan Rotan Oleh Masyarakat Di Desa JURNAL HUTAN LESTARI (2017) Vol. 5 (3) : 583 - 591 STUDI PEMANFAATAN ROTAN OLEH MASYARAKAT DI DESA SEKILAP KECAMATAN MANDOR KABUPATEN LANDAK (Study The Utilization Of Rattan In The Community Of Sekilap Village In Mandor District, Landak Regency) Brian Roy, Fahrizal, Farah Diba Fakultas Kehutanan Universitas Tanjungpura, Jalan Imam Bonjol Pontianak, 78124 Email: [email protected] Abstract Forest has the potential to meet various human needs such as food, medicine, boards, handicrafts and others. Non timber forest products used by the community in Landak regency are bamboo, rattan, fruit and many kind products. The purpose of research is to describe the types of rattan plants and to describe the benefits of rattan crops in the community of Sekilap village, Mandor district, Landak regency. Methods used in this research survey method to the forest and in-depth interview to the community in Sekilap village. Sekilap village consists of 6 sub village, namely Pangkalatn sub village, Sekilap sub village, Mangke sub village, Buluh sub village, Penawar sub village, dan Baet sub village. The result of the research showed that four rattans used in the community of Sekilap village. The rattan is Rotan Kertong with local name Uwi Tangga Langit (Myrialepis paradoxa), Rotan Taman with local name Uwi Palades (Calamus caesius Blume), Rattan Semambu with local name Uwi Samamok (Calamus scipionum Lour), and Rattan Sega Ayer with the local name Uwi Saga (Calamus axillaris Becc.). Rattan used for craft materials, binding material, basket, bag, chairs, mat, and handcraft. The community used rattan from the forest near their village. Keywords: Calamus axillaris, Calamus caesius, Calamus scipionum, Landak regency, Myrialepis paradoxa, rattan, Sekilap village, The utilization of rattan. PENDAHULUAN adalah jenis-jenis tanaman rotan yang Hutan merupakan sumber plasma sering digunakan baik sebagai bahan nutfah yang berpotensi memenuhi makanan, bahan anyaman, dan berbagai kebutuhan manusia seperti: keperluan tali temali. pangan, papan, dan obat-obatan (Jumiati Bagian tanaman rotan yang 2012). Menurut Tellu (2005) salah satu dimanfaatkan bukan hanya batangnya manfaat yang diambil langsung dari saja, tetapi bisa juga memanfaatkan hutan adalah hasil hutan bukan kayu akar, daun, dan buahnya. Pemanfaatan (HHBK) seperti: madu, tumbuhan sumberdaya alam oleh masyarakat lokal pangan, hewan buruan, tumbuhan untuk khususnya pada pemanfaatan HHBK pembuatan kerajinan tradisional seperti seperti tanaman rotan secara arif belum anyaman, dan tumbuhan obat. Sumber banyak dikaji dan didokumentasikan di HHBK yang dimanfaatkan oleh Indonesia. Masyarakat di wilayah masyarakat di Kabupaten Landak Kabupaten Landak khususnya di Desa 583 JURNAL HUTAN LESTARI (2017) Vol. 5 (3) : 583 - 591 Sekilap Kecamatan Mandor Kabupaten Mandor Kabupaten Landak tetap Landak memanfaatkan HHBK tanaman berlanjut dari generasi ke generasi. rotan sebagai alat penunjang kegiatan METODE PENELITIAN sehari-hari, misalnya membuat Desa Sekilap merupakan salah satu kerajinan rotan. desa yang terletak di Kecamatan Tanaman rotan memiliki berbagai Mandor Kabupaten Landak Provinsi keunikan, antara lain panjang batang Kalimantan Barat. Desa Sekilap dapat mencapai ± 100 meter walaupun Kecamatan Mandor Kabupaten Landak diameternya hanya sebesar ibu jari memiliki 6 dusun, yaitu: Dusun tangan dan ibu jari kaki. Batang rotan Pangkalatn, Dusun Sekilap, Dusun juga memiliki kelenturan dan kekuatan Mangke, Dusun Buluh, Dusun Penawar, yang luar biasa, oleh karena itu batang dan Dusun Baet. Letak geografis rotan dapat dibuat menjadi bermacam- Kabupaten Landak adalah 109º40’48” macam bentuk perabotan rumah tangga, BT - 110º04” BT dan 00º03”36” LU - hiasan-hiasan, dan alat pendukung 00º37’48” LU. Luas wilayah Desa kegiatan sehari-hari (Januminro, 2000). Sekilap Kecamatan Mandor Kabupaten Penelitian terhadap jenis dan manfaat Landak yaitu ± 2550 Ha berdasarkan tanaman rotan di Desa Sekilap monografi Desa Sekilap Kecamatan Kecamatan Mandor Kabupaten Landak Mandor Kabupaten Landak pada tahun belum pernah dilakukan. Oleh karena 2017. itu, dilakukan penelitian mengenai jenis Penelitian dilaksanakan dengan dan manfaat tanaman rotan yang waktu penelitian ± 3 minggu efektif di digunakan masyarakat. lapangan pada Bulan Februari - Bulan Tujuan penelitian adalah Maret 2017. Obyek penelitian adalah mendeskripsikan jenis-jenis tanaman jenis tanaman rotan dan bentuk rotan dan mendeskripsikan manfaat- pemanfaatan tanaman rotan yang manfaat tanaman rotan yang terdapat di terdapat di wilayah Desa Sekilap Desa Sekilap Kecamatan Mandor Kecamatan Mandor Kabupaten Landak. Kabupaten Landak. Manfaat dari Alat yang digunakan pada saat penelitian ini adalah sebagai sumber penelitian adalah lembar kuisioner, alat informasi kepada masyarakat luas tulis-menulis, kamera digital, peta tentang jenis-jenis dan manfaat-manfaat lokasi, buku kunci identifikasi, dan tanaman rotan oleh masyarakat Desa parang. Sekilap Kecamatan Mandor Kabupaten Metode yang digunakan dalam Landak, serta sebagai sumber informasi penelitian ini adalah metode survei. kepada instansi terkait agar dapat Metode survei merupakan pengumpulan melestarikan ketersediaan tanaman data primer berdasarkan komunikasi rotan sehingga kearifan lokal kerajinan antara peneliti dengan responden rotan di Desa Sekilap Kecamatan (subyek). Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan pada penelitian adalah 584 JURNAL HUTAN LESTARI (2017) Vol. 5 (3) : 583 - 591 teknik wawancara dan teknik kuisioner Analisis dilakukan secara deskriptif (Sangadji dan Sopiah, 2010). Pemilihan terhadap jenis-jenis tanaman rotan dan sampel responden dilakukan secara manfaat-manfaat tanaman rotan purposive sampling yaitu pemilihan terhadap masyarakat di Desa Sekilap terhadap warga yang memiliki banyak Kecamatan Mandor Kabupaten Landak. pengetahuan mengenai jenis-jenis Didasarkan pada hasil informasi di tanaman rotan dan bentuk-bentuk lapangan yang dilakukan dengan cara kerajinan rotan. Sampel yang dijadikan wawancara secara langsung kepada sebagai responden ditentukan masyarakat dan dengan cara menggunakan Rumus Slovin dengan pengumpulan data kuisioner. tingkat kesalahan 20% (tingkat HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN kepercayaan 80%) berdasarkan jumlah Berdasarkan pernyataan dari semua KK per dusun di Desa Sekilap responden tercatat sebanyak 4 jenis Kecamatan Mandor Kabupaten Landak. tanaman rotan yang ada dan digunakan Perhitungan dilakukan dengan masyarakat di Desa Sekilap Kecamatan menggunakan Rumus Slovin sebagai Mandor Kabupaten Landak. Identifikasi berikut: jenis tanaman rotan dilakukan mengacu n = 푁 푁.푑2+1 kepada Jansen dan Westphal (1994). n = ukuran sampel Jenis rotan yang dimanfaatkan meliputi N = ukuran populasi Rotan Kertong (Myrialepis paradoxa), d = galat pendugaan Rotan Taman (Calamus caesius Blume), Berdasarkan perhitungan dengan Rotan Semambu (Calamus scipionum menggunakan Rumus Slovin maka Lour), dan Rotan Sega Ayer (Calamus diperoleh jumlah responden sebanyak axillaris Becc) disajikan pada Gambar 122 KK. Jumlah responden yang 1, Gambar 2, Gambar 3, dan Gambar 4. terpilih merupakan 18% dari jumlah KK Tanaman rotan yang paling berpotensi desa, yaitu 666 KK. Kriteria responden, di Desa Sekilap Kecamatan Mandor meliputi: 1). Telah bertempat tinggal di Kabupaten Landak adalah Rotan Taman Desa Sekilap Kecamatan Mandor (Calamus caesius Blume) karena Kabupaten Landak selama minimal 5 serbaguna (berkualitas) sehingga lebih tahun, 2). Kepala keluarga, 3). Sehat sering dipergunakan masyarakat untuk rohani dan sehat jasmani, 4). menganyam dan sebagai bahan Memanfaatkan tanaman rotan untuk pengikat. Deskripsi masing-masing kegiatan sehari-hari. rotan yang digunakan masyarakat disajikan sebagai berikut: 585 JURNAL HUTAN LESTARI (2017) Vol. 5 (3) : 583 - 591 1. Rotan Kertong, Nama Lokal: Uwi Tangga Langit Kingdom : Plantae Ordo : Arecales Famili : Arecaceae Sub Famili : Calamoideae Suku : Calameae Genus : Myrialepis Spesies : Myrialepis paradoxa Gambar 1. Bentuk Batang dan Daun Rotan Kertong / Uwi Tangga Langit (Myrialepis paradoxa). 2. Rotan Taman, Nama Lokal: Uwi Palades Kingdom : Plantae Sub Kingdom : Tracheobionta Super Divisi : Spermatophyta Divisi : Magnoliophyta Kelas : Liliopsida Sub Kelas : Arecidae Ordo : Arecales Famili : Arecaceae Genus : Calamus Spesies : Calamus caesius Blume Gambar 2. Bentuk Batang dan Daun Rotan Taman / Uwi Palades (Calamus caesius Blume). 586 JURNAL HUTAN LESTARI (2017) Vol. 5 (3) : 583 - 591 3. Rotan Semambu, Nama Lokal: Uwi Samamok Kingdom : Plantae Sub Kingdom : Tracheobionta Super Devisi : Spermatophyta Devisi : Magnoliophyta Kelas : Liliopsida Sub Kelas : Arecidae Ordo : Arecales Famili : Arecaceae Genus : Calamus Spesies : Calamus scipionum Lour Gambar 3. Bentuk Batang dan Daun Rotan Semambu / Uwi Samamok (Calamus scipionum Lour). 4. Rotan Sega Ayer, Nama Lokal: Uwi Saga Kingdom : Plantae Sub Kingdom : Tracheobionta Super Devisi : Spermatophyta Devisi : Magnoliophyta Kelas : Liliopsida Sub Kelas : Arecidae Ordo : Arecales Famili : Arecaceae Genus : Calamus Spesies : Calamus axillaris Becc. 587 JURNAL HUTAN LESTARI (2017) Vol. 5 (3) : 583 - 591 Gambar 4. Bentuk Batang dan Daun Rotan Sega Ayer / Uwi Saga (Calamus axillaris Becc.). Bagian tanaman rotan yang mebel, tali pengikat, anyaman, dan dimanfaatkan oleh masyarakat di Desa sebagai bingkai anyaman. Jenis Sekilap Kecamatan Mandor Kabupaten tanaman rotan dan pemanfaatannya oleh Landak hanya pada bagian batangnya masyarakat di Desa Sekilap Kecamatan saja. Pemanfaatan tanaman rotan oleh Mandor Kabupaten Landak disajikan masyarakat meliputi sebagai
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