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Plant Resources of South-East Asia Is a Multivolume Handbook That Aims Plant Resources of South-East Asia is a multivolume handbook that aims to summarize knowledge about useful plants for workers in education, re­ search, extension and industry. The following institutions are responsible for the coordination ofth e Prosea Programme and the Handbook: - Forest Research Institute of Malaysia (FRIM), Karung Berkunci 201, Jalan FRI Kepong, 52109 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia - Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI), Widya Graha, Jalan Gatot Subroto 10, Jakarta 12710, Indonesia - Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources (IEBR), Nghia Do, Tu Liem, Hanoi, Vietnam - Papua New Guinea University of Technology (UNITECH), Private Mail Bag, Lae, Papua New Guinea - Philippine Council for Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Resources Re­ search &Developmen t (PCARRD), Los Banos, Laguna, the Philippines - Thailand Institute of Scientific and Technological Research (TISTR), 196 Phahonyothin Road, Bang Khen, Bangkok 10900, Thailand - Wageningen Agricultural University (WAU), Costerweg 50, 6701 BH Wage- ningen, the Netherlands In addition to the financial support of the above-mentioned coordinating insti­ tutes, this book has been made possible through the general financial support to Prosea of: - the Finnish International Development Agency (FINNIDA) - the Netherlands Ministry ofAgriculture , Nature Management and Fisheries - the Netherlands Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Directorate-General for Inter­ national Cooperation (DGIS) - 'Yayasan Sarana Wanajaya', Ministry of Forestry, Indonesia This work was carried out with the aid of a specific grant from : - the International Development Research Centre (IDRC), Ottawa, Canada 3z/s}$i Plant Resources ofSouth-Eas t Asia No6 Rattans J. Dransfield and N. Manokaran (Editors) Droevendaalsesteeg 3a Postbus 241 6700 AE Wageningen T r Pudoc Scientific Publishers, Wageningen 1993 VW\ ~) f Vr Y DR JOHN DRANSFIELD is a tropical botanist who gained his first degree at the University of Cambridge. His thesis, defended in 1970, was a systematic study of the Malayan palms Johannesteijsmannia and Eugeissona. Between 1970 and 1974 he worked for the British Overseas Development Admin­ istration, attached to the National Biological Institute in Bogor where he con­ ducted research on the taxonomy and natural history of rattans and other palms. He joined the staff of the Royal Botanic Gardens (Kew, England) in 1975 as a research fellow, becoming a full staff member in 1979. He has worked on secondment to South-East Asian forestry departments, helping to develop rattan research and development programmes. His publications cov­ er various aspects of the natural history and classification of palms through­ out the world, and the development of rattan as a plantation crop. DR N. MANOKARAN graduated with a BSc degree in 1971 from the University of Malaya in plant ecology and obtained his MSc degree in 1978 on the sub­ ject of nutrient and hydrological cycles in a forested ecosystem. In 1988 he ob­ tained his PhD from the University ofAberdee n on the subject of tree popula­ tion dynamics in tropical forests. Since 1974 he has worked as a forest ecolo- gist attached to the Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM, Kepong), spe­ cializing in the ecology and silviculture of forest trees and rattans. He has published widely on these subjects as well as being editor of 'Malaysian Forester', the international journal on tropical forestry, from 1979-1985. He has been the rattan consultant to the International Development Research Centre (IDRC, Canada) since 1983. Cip-Data Koninklijke Bibliotheek, Den Haag Plant Plant resources of South-East Asia. - Wageningen: Pudoc - 111.,map , drawings. No 6 :Rattan s / J. Dransfield and N. Manokaran (ed.).Wit h index, ref. ISBN 90-220-1057-0 bound NUGI 835 Subject headings: rattans; South-East Asia. ISBN 90-220-1057-0 NUGI 835 uiobiu i iîfcJËA. w,AM)BüUWUNIVERS Design: Frits Stoepman GVN. WAGENINGE8 © Prosea Foundation, Bogor, Indonesia, 1993. © Pudoc-DLO, Wageningen, the Netherlands, 1993. No part of this publication, apart from bibliographic data and brief quotations embodied in critical reviews, may be reproduced, re-recorded or published in any form including print, photocopy, microfilm, electric or electromagnetic record without written permission from the copyright holders, c/o Pudoc Scientific Publishers, P.O. Box 4, 6700 AAWageningen , the Netherlands. Printed in the Netherlands. Contents Editors and contributors 7 Prosea Board ofTrustee s and Personnel 9 Foreword 11 1 Introduction 13 1.1 General 13 1.1.1 What is a rattan? 13 1.1.2 Choice of species 13 1.1.3 Origin and geographic distribution 14 1.1.4 Uses 16 1.1.5 History of the rattan trade 16 1.1.6 Problems of interpretation of vernacular names 17 1.2 Botany 18 1.2.1 Morphology 18 1.2.2 Taxonomy 24 1.2.3 Growth and development 26 1.3 Ecology 28 1.4 Exploitation and cultivation 30 1.4.1 History of rattan cultivation 30 1.4.2 Propagation 32 1.4.3 Management 34 _ 1.4.4 Diseases and pests 34 1.4.5 Harvesting 34 1.4.6 Yield 35 1.4.7 Post-harvest handling 35 1.5 Breeding and genetic resources 36 1.6 Prospects 36 1.6.1 Management of the wild resource 36 1.6.2 Cultivation 37 1.6.3 Trade 38 1.6.4 Research priorities and development 39 2 Alphabetical treatment of species 41 Calamus caesius 43 Calamus egregius 46 Calamus exilis 47 Calamus javensis 48 Calamus manan 50 Calamus merrillii 52 Calamus mindorensis 55 Calamus optimus 56 Calamus ornatus 58 Calamus ovoideus 60 Calamus palustris 63 Calamus pogonacanthus 65 Calamus scipionum 66 Calamus simplicifolius 68 Calamus subinermis 70 Calamus tetradactylus 72 Calamus trachycoleus 75 Calamus tumidus 79 Calamus wailong 81 Calamus zollingeri 83 Daemonorops margaritae 84 Daemonorops robusta 86 Daemonorops sabut 87 Korthalsia 89 3 Minor rattans 92 Literature 115 Acknowledgments 121 Acronyms of organizations 122 Glossary 123 Sources ofillustration s 127 Index of scientific plant names 128 Index ofvernacula r plant names 132 The Prosea Foundation 134 Editors and contributors General editors of the Prosea Handbook P.CM. Jansen and E. Westphal Editorial staff of this volume - Editors: J. Dransfield and N. Manokaran - Associate editors: K.M. Bhat, W. Liese, D.A. Madulid, J.P. Mogea, C. Renuka, CF. Tan, and H.C. Xu - Illustrators: Iskak Syamsudin, P. Verheij-Hayes - Publishing consultant and in-house editor: R.J.P . Aalpol - Language corrector: J. Burrough-Boenisch Contributors - Aminuddin bin Mohamad, Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM), Jl. FRI Kepong, 52109 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia {Calamus manan, C. tu- midus) - K.M. Bhat, Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi 680 653, Kerala, India - S.Y. Chen, Kunming Institute of Botany, Academia Sinica, Kunming, Yunnan, China {Calamus wailong) - N. de Zoysa, 84 Chitra Lane, Colombo 5, Sri Lanka {Calamus ovoideus) - J. Dransfield, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey TW9 3AB, United Kingdom {Korthalsia, 6 minor rattans) - P. Kramadibrata, Cipinang Cempedak I, Kompleks B-No 16, Jakarta 13340, Indonesia {Calamus exilis, 7 minor species) - W. Liese, Universität Hamburg, Leuschnerstrasse 91, 2050 Hamburg 80, Germany - D. A. Madulid, Philippine National Herbarium, P.O. Box 26591, Manila, the Philippines {Calamus merrillii, C. mindorensis, 26 minor rattans) - N. Manokaran, Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM), Jl. FRI Kepong, 52109 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia {Calamus palustris, C. scipion- um, 1 minor rattan) - J.P. Mogea, Herbarium Bogoriense, Jl. Ir. H. Juanda 22-24, Bogor, Indonesia {Calamus javensis, C. optimus, C. ornatus, C. zollingeri, Daemonorops robusta, D. sabut, Korthalsia, 32 minor rattans) - S.J. Pei, Kunming Institute of Botany, Academia Sinica, Kunming, Yunnan, China {Calamus wailong) 8 RATTANS C. Renuka, Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi 680 653, Kerala, India P.S. Shim, SAFODA, WDT 18, 90008 Sandakan, Sabah, Malaysia {Calamus caesius, C. subinermis, C. trachycoleus) CF. Tan, 49 Jalan SS3/70, Sungei Way Subang, 47300 Petaling Jaya, Malaysia (Calamus caesius, C. trachycoleus) L. Tipot, Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM), Jl. FRI Kepong, 52109 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (Calamus pogonacanthus, 34 minor rat­ tans) II.C. Xu, Research Institute of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Longdong, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (Calamus egregius, C. simplicifolius, C. tetradactylus, Daemonorops margaritae) G.T. Yin, Research Institute of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Longdong, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (Calamus egregius, C. simplicifolius, C. tetradactylus, Daemonorops margaritae) Prosea Board of Trustees and Personnel (August 1993) Board of Trustees Aprilani Soegiarto (LIPI, Indonesia), chairman H.C. van der Plas (WAU, the Netherlands), vice-chairman Salleh Mohd. Nor (FRIM, Malaysia) Misty Baloiloi (UNITECH, Papua New Guinea) B.P. del Rosario (PCARRD, the Philippines) Santhad Rojanasoonthon (TISTR, Thailand) Dang Huy Huynh (IEBR, Vietnam) Soekiman Atmosoedaryo (Yayasan Sarana Wanajaya) J.M. Schippers (Pudoc-DLO, à titre personnel) Sampurno Kadarsan (à titre personnel) Personnel Indonesia Sampurno Kadarsan, Programme Leader Hadi Sutarno, Country Officer Sarkat Danimihardja, Assistant Country Officer Malaysia Salleh Mohd. Nor, Programme Leader Elizabeth Philip, Country Officer Ridzuan Abu Hassan, Assistant Country Officer Papua New Guinea P. Siaguru, Programme Leader R. Matu, Country Officer The Philippines B.P. del Rosario, Programme Leader M.R.F. Maligalig, Country Officer 10 RATTANS V.C. Fandialan, Assistant Country Officer N.P. Gesmundo, Assistant Country Officer Thailand Prapandh
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