1964 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE 10847 John P. Sutton Paul C. Carman Baker W. Herbert Clifford H. Brunner The following-named persons to the grade Galen B. Nielsen John W. Forster Paul H. Johannes W11lard S. Foust indicated in the U.S. Coast Guard: Norvon B. Freeland Myron E. Chesley George M. Bruner Gustav R. Froehlich, To be chief warrant officers, W-2 Dale R. Foster John A. Ritter Herman Schmidt Jr. Walter Hamilton Michael H. Bower Norman F. Meunch Richard B. Robinson Alfred G. Howe George M. McWllliams B11ly C. Read Alfred L. Hunt Lee R. Green Edward W. Kinsey Robert W. Talley Rex W. Coulson Emerson E. ChambersAlvadore C. Grant Jesse H. Burgess John E. Williams Cyrus E. Potts Danny H. Perry Thomas L. WedgewoodElliott J. Echols Lester M. H. Roehr Clarence E. Curry Donald E. Grant James A. Bachtell W1lliam T. White James L. Reynolds Raymond J. Moen Harold Rapp, Jr. Ted R. Cox, Jr. James C. Sawyer Kenneth 0. RobertsonJoseph J. Glynn Kenneth C. Oliver Robert L. Hood Charles E. Fulcher Jack E. Arrington James G. Wilcox, Jr. Ernest B. Roark George A. Menge James N. Neville Alfred E. Schreiber Kenneth W. Capel Robert J. Descoteaux Edward F. Mattingly Leo 0. Madden, Jr. Stanley P. Sleda Edward J. Flynn Royce P. Stoops W11liam W. Fay K. Thompson Hubert A. Anderson John H. Kittna, Jr. William C. McKinley Guy F. Edwards Thurmond Edward L. Wyman Edward A. Liles Magnes L. Campbell Owen M. Halstad Gordon R. Mortensen Roland D. Moriarty Fred Pilatsky Reckner B. Moe "C" "D" OOfield Hugh L. Franklin Harold J. Warren John J. Smith, Jr. Keith R. Bruhl Marion O. Simmons Robert J. Whitman Donald Burmeister Warren M. Nix Neal G. Nelson John W. McKinn Charles W. Price Joseph A. Sporl, Jr. Thomas J. Hummel Donald P. Ivins John P. Sanken, Jr. Maurice K. Nelson Calvin W. Pratt Vincent G. Carlson Norman E. Haynie Lloyd F. Lawrence Robert Casper Hershel A. Drury John E. Dunn Harold E. Whitwer Orrin E. Starr Geoffrey L. Landmesser Arthur W. Lee Donn W. Repper Robert H. McGinnis, Gordon W. Leamons George P. Fredriksen Aloysius J. Ralph Harold U. Wilson, Jr. Robert J. W. Collins Jr. Harvey W. Willson James C. Myers Conrad A. Pasbrig Earle K. Hand Marion K. Reynolds Thomas E. Bockman Victor Laher John P. Higman, Jr. Adrian D. cleZeeuw John J. Janda, Jr. Carl B. Kaiser Phillip E. Thompson William A. Izzo Herbert E. Roche Jack L. Brolllar John W. Colton Leroy P. Phelps Arnold M. DeShaw Ralph c. Howland Charles C. Stephenson David L. Trax, Jr. Gordon H. Dickman Orval K. Halsey Joe D. Wright, Jr. Glenn R. Cox John S. Drozdz Chester V. Barrett, Jr. Albert L. Olson, Jr. Zigmund F. Golas- Curtis W. Chamber-Clyde F. Skiles John E. Cutright Robert H. Staikoff Carl L. Lane zewski lain John R. Quinlivan William S. O'Nelll Kirk D. Rose James H. Scott Donald C. Ebert Robert E. Oalimer William J. Merritt Ian D. Maxwell Oren A. Dinsmore Donald L. Sherman Milton M. Midgette James P. McBride Richard M. Van Gee Jack W. Beatty John H. Freie George P. Asche John Sabath Thomas H. Renfroe Ralph E. Baumann Clarence A. Hall Vincent H. W. Paul L. Lamb Karl C. Teater Herbert L. Shuey Wllliam L. Taylor Thomas A. Fillmore Anderson James W. Brawley, Jr. Theodore L. Turgeon John W. Hammack Paul R. Saylor Wllliam E. Charles M. Saylor W1lliam Senn James C. Bond Lavern G. Ke·tchersideLaurin J. Wiersema McLaughlin Andrew J. Mullins Milton J. Stewart Johnnie P. Gilbert Wilfred J. Sellers Edwin L. Brusstar, Jr. Wllliam D. Franklin Alan R. Hinds Johnnie Cox Leon D. Shea George V. Stauffer Ivey N. McClure Paul E. Morin Howard I. Chitwood George F. Garvy William L. Patterson Hal H. Watts Joseph A. Kalczynski John Gunsaullas John L. Nelson Harold E. Geck Lyle G. Tilden Floyd L. Stormer Francis J. Taddei Eugene A. Emert Emory H. Haynes Robert E. Larose Joseph W. Dunhour Sidney M. Sanderlin Homer T. Austin, Jr. John W. Wyant III Daniel A. Sutyak John J. Clayton Donald S. Grisham Francis X. Dollard Delaney J. Eliott Travis B. Hiers Edgar T. Southworth Robert E. Nielsen Wilbur J. Davis Daniel D. Wiesman John H. Lee Ralph W. Gentry Ray B. Wallace Frederick H. Muesse Louis E. K. Pall Merlin J. Powers Marvin L. Olson William B. Johnson Charles C. Miller W1lliam H. Robert R. Harber, Jr. Edmond R. Harless Robert W. Oviatt John A. Bateman, Jr. Stanley B. Anderson Tharrington Walter A. Evans Sidney D. Reece Elizabeth F. Splaine Robert C. Knowlton Chester M. Miller Patrick M. Shellito William M. Price, Jr. Wayne H. Wiley Harold F. McPherson Lewis C. Moch, Jr. Harold T. Colllns Ronald A. Sands Wllliam R. Shrader Donald B. Fish Charles T. Buckner Robert H. Fashbaugh Chester R. Brooks Keith R. Mcclinton Robert L. Sellers Henry E. Prentiss William C. Ray James R. Dugger Robert H. Piper Chester E. Duffey William H. Speas Wllliam H. Westin Charles E. Shook Robert G. Brubaker Earl F. Hauser Clarence A. Long Frederick Jones Paul S. Johnson Donald 0. Tilton John E. Kenny James R. Comerford Robert E. Stephen Sam Haas, Jr. Hebert J. Nuse John C. Baker Richard K. Mitchell Edward H. Askew, Jr. Harold 0. Stockman Herbert M. Collins Maurice A. Rowe William F. Hatcher James V. Eigo Don E. McDonald Robert A. Atkinson Melvin W. Ellls, Jr. Alfred E. Janz, Jr. Harry M. Mohler Raymond G. Frank H. Buzzee, Jr. Leroy T. Coleman Herbert V. Parkin m Gary M. Vaughn Paul G. Terry Herrington John C. Lippincott Archie C. Yano Herbert W. Bagg Wllliam D. Jackson Chester Morgan Harold I. Baker Norvel E. Cosby William A. Liming Valentine Gaida Sherman M. Weeks William Chestnutt

EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS

The First New $75 Savings Bond Bearing portrait of our late and beloved President for us, and led this great Nation of ours John F. Kennedy. with brilliant leadership. It is a fitting the Portrait of Our Late Beloved Presi­ It seems to me altogether fitting and tribute to his belief in America and the dent Was Purchased by President Lyn­ proper that U.S. savings bonds--the path fact that through savings bonds so many don B. Johnson, While the Second and that has led so many of our people to of our people have been enabled to actu­ financial security and well-being-should ally own a share in America. Third Bonds Went to Caroline and honor our martyred President. John, Respectively, the Next 20 Went Perhaps no man in modern American history so captured the fancy of these to the Kennedy Family, and President same people since the first series E bond 's Independence Day Truman Purchased the Next Five was sold 23 years ago today. Savings bonds have enabled American EXTENSION OF REMARKS EXTENSION OF REMARKS working men and women to earmark a OF OF dollar here and a dollar there into a pay­ roll savings plan until suddenly they HON. THOMAS M. PELLY HON. JAMES H. MORRISON found themselves in a position of relative OF WASHINGTON OF LOUISIANA financial security. This is attested to by IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the millions and millions of Americans Wednesday, May 13, 1964 Wednesday, May 13, 1964 who today own and hold more than $47 billion in savings bonds--an investment Mr. PELLY. Mr. Speaker, although Mr. MORRISON. Mr. Speaker, May 1, backlog that not only protects these indi­ celebrated in April due to a difference in 1964, marked not only the opening of the viduals and their families, but strength­ calendars--it was actually on May 14, 1964 Operation Security drive for the ens our communities and our country. 1948-the hopes of millions of exiled Jews U.S. savings bonds, but also the oifering This new $75 savings bond could justly around the world were realized when by the Treasury Department of a new $75 be considered a memorial to that great Israel's independence was declared and denomination savings bond bearing the young man who walked with us, battled the ancient Palestine homeland was 10848 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE May 13 thrown open for all Jews. There was not The great thoughts that came from professional people are needed to care much to encourage or sustain an inde­ the mind of Clarence Cannon will per­ for cardiac surgery, radioisotope, and pendent spirit; Palestine had become a petuate his name for all time. Future other types of cases requiring expert at­ barren waste over the centuries. But parliamentarians will gain added knowl­ tention. In many areas of our Nation the very thought of Israel has been edge from his authoritative writings on additional facilities are still needed and enough to inspire Jews everywhere with that complex subject. in others, modernization of unsafe or in­ unquenchable enthusiasm. And, as they The great example that he set in the efficient plants is required to meet the have often proved, the enthusiasm of House of Representatives will spur many needs of a growing population. Here in the Jews is backed by abundant courage. of us on to ever-increasing efforts in Congress we must be ever vigilant to In 1948 Israel inherited only 412,000 guarding our economy. provide for the wants of these vital com­ acres of cultivated land. There were no Yes, we mourn the passing of this munity services. Our hospitals are cru­ forests, no electricity, very little irriga­ great American. We have lost a great cial to the health and welfare of the tion in a parched land. All of the mag­ leader. American people. Today, as communi­ nificent cities of ancient Israel were The of America gives ties across the Nation observe National gone. thanks unto God for having pointed Hospital Week, I want to join in congrat­ Worse than this, Jews flooding into Clarence Cannon's steps toward service ulating our hospitals on a job well done Israel to escape the horrors of war and in the Congress. and wish them continued success in the the persecution they had known in many future. other lands were forced to fight for their freedom immediately after arriving. They fought for their very existence National Hospital Week A Success in the Foreign Aid Program: against a determined enemy. An Attack Against Poliomyelitis in Despite these overwhelm1ng obsta­ EXTENSION OF REMARKS cles, Israel is today the wealthiest, and OF most democratic country in the . A parliamentary system in which HON. F. BRADFORD MORSE EXTENSION OF REMARKS all opinions are represented and a con­ OF MASSACHUSETTS OF stitution that guarantees basic free­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES doms make Israel unique in that area. HON. ROBERT R. BARRY Wednesday, May 13, 1964 Out of the desolate plains and OF NEW YORK of 1948 are rising bustling new cities Mr. MORSE. Mr. Speaker, in 1921 IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES like Tel Aviv, Eilat, Ashdod. The Jew­ President Calvin Coolidge first pro­ ish people have at last found a home claimed National Hospital Day for the Wednesday,May13,1964 where they may pursue that peace and purpose of focusing attention on the im­ Mr. BARRY. Mr. Speaker, because happiness desired by all men. It is fit­ portant role of our voluntary hospitals the is comprised of ting that we commemorate Israeli In­ in American community life. Very ap­ vast deserts and arid , two­ dependence Day, May 14. propriately, the day chosen for this ob­ thirds of the nation's population of servance was May 12, the anniversary of 1,690,123 live a nomadic life. Of the the birth of Florence Nightingale, the 36,715 square miles which comprise the nurse who not only served the wounded total land area of Jordan, only one­ Hon. Clarence Cannon soldiers of the Crimean War but who also sixth can be considered cultivable or made a significant contribution to the marginally cultivable under optimum EXTENSION OF REMARKS improvement of hospital organization conditions, and this includes grazing OF and nursing care in this country. land. Yet 80 percent of the population As we observe National Hospital Week derives its livelihood from agriculture HON. WILLIAM H. AYRES this year from May 10 to May 16, hos­ and the marketing of agricultural OF OHIO pitals all over the country are holding products. Therefore one of the most IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES open houses and other programs to ac­ important undertakings of the Jorda­ quaint the public with their services, fa­ nian Government has been an attempt Wednesday, May 13, 1964 cilities, and problems. to settle these nomadic people, thereby Mr. AYRES. Mr. Speaker, the Nation What is important to any individual hoping to stabilize and develop the should mourn the passing of Clarence is not the fact that we have 1.6 million economy of the country. To accomplish Cannon. Every man, woman, and child hospital beds or that more than 26.5 mil­ this feat, schools and community and in the 50 States of this country were his lion persons were admitted to hospitals health centers have been established constituents. We, of later generations last year, is that there is a bed available which the Bedouin may attend, in order than the distinguished Member from the in his community hospital when he or one to be assimilated into urban community State of Missouri, have profited from his of his family needs it and that he receives living. early devotion to the establishment of a high quality care. Hundreds of com­ A group of American orthopedic sound economy. munities have been helped through the surgeons, working under the aegis of We could very well say that genera­ Hill-Burton program to build badly Medico, visited many of these rural tions yet unborn were also his constitu­ needed hospitals in recent years. Due to health centers and discovered that there ents for he had as great concern for them modern research, we have witnessed tre­ was much residual paralysis in evidence as he did for those of us who acted as his mendous advances in the fields of drugs, throughout the country. Through their contemporaries. surgery, and diagnostic techniques. Con­ suggestions, our AID representative in The United States has been blessed sequently, hospital care in this country Jordan proposed that a program of mass with many dedicated individuals. Clar­ is now better than ever before. polio vaccination be undertaken. Polio ence Cannon was in the foremost ranks In the Fifth District of Massachusetts statistics show that poliomyelitis has of these. When you consider his high which I represent there are 10 hospitals never reached epidemic proportions in degree of intelligence, his great sense of providing an outstanding level of care Jordan. Yet the cases reported to health historical values, his great courage in the for the more than 450,000 residents of centers represent only a partial count of face of great pressures and add these to the area. In addition they provide fa­ those who contracted the disease, as his dedication, then one can see how for­ cilities for the training of nurses, doctors, brought to light by the observations of tunate we, as a nation, have been to have and medical technicians so vital to an the Medico team. Therefore, the King had Clarence Cannon as a Member of adequate level of health care. of Jordan, Hussein I , endorsed the AID this most important legislative body. Despite the tremendous advances made proposal and allocated funds for this I will leave the listing of his attain­ by hospitals in recent years, there are purpose. The United Nations Relief and ments, in the 21 Congresses in which he still problems to be solved. Administra­ Works Association and the AID con­ served, to those Members who were privi­ tors are struggling to hold down the cost tributed like amounts to defray the costs leged in having served with him over a to the patient, while at the same time of the program. longer period of time than was my improving employee benefits and facili­ Vaccination began on January 18 of fortune. ties. Large numbers of specially trained this year. Because statistics showed 1964 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE 10849 that 95 percent of the cases occurred renowned individuals have adopted dec­ At present, it takes too sophisticated among children under 5 years of age, it larations of support and I am hopeful a buyer of health benefits to overcome was agreed that only children between that more will be obtained. the purveyor's policy of caveat emptor, the ages of 6 months and 5 years would STATUE FOR MEXICO and I have long contended that the in­ receive the oral vaccine. Centers were My second bill would authorize the surance and service plan trade associa­ established in the cities while mobile United States to present a statue of tions in the health and accident field are units began an intensive village-to­ Abraham Lincoln to the people of Mex­ destroying their industry by this policy village tour. Appeals by the King and ico in commemoration of their country's of "let the buyer beware." announcements over the radio and by independence. An identical proposal It is becoming patently obvious to the loudspeaker trucks brought an over­ was recently approved by the Senate and public that each year the cost of medical whelming response. The first phase em­ in that body it received strong bipartisan care as measured in the Consumer Price braced 304,249 children and the second support. Index rises faster than any other item­ phase, conducted during February and There is no prominent statue of Lin­ and there is a direct correlation between March, reported the vaccination of coln in Mexico City although our 16th this inflationary spiral and the funds 282,137. The third part of the polio President is widely respected through­ that are bilked from a well-meaning and campaign, begun only on April 4, is, as out Mexico. The bonds between our defenseless public in the name of health yet, untabulated. two countries are strong. They are en­ benefits. Of the funds spent on the program to during. Our long friendship soared to There are millions of persons in this date, the AID, the Jordanian Govern­ new heights through the wisdom and country who at one time or another have ment, and the UNRWA each contributed guidance of President Kennedy. It was had a disservice done them in the name $35,000. In addition, the AID allocated reaffirmed recently during the California of health benefits. The Senate subcom­ $3,000 for the services of a U.S. Public meeting between President Johnson and mittee investigating this problem can Health Service epidemiologist to assist in Mexican President Lopez Mateos, a help protect the American people formulating plans for the immunization meeting at which I was privileged to be against such disservice and I will con­ campaign and to help administer and a participant. tinue to give the Senate all possible supervise the program. It was not long ago that the Senate cooperation. The Jordanian Director of Public approved the Chamizal Treaty and there­ Mr. Speaker, under leave to revise and Health and the Director of Maternal and by righted a grievous wrong which had extend my remarks in the RECORD, I in­ Child Health are now proposing that existed for 100 years. clude my rollcall report. oral polio vaccine be given to all infants Our two governments are presently ROLLCALL NO. 81-NATIONAL BUREAU OF at 6 weeks of age, at the same time trying to resolve the problem of exces­ STANDARDS smallpox vaccine is administered, the sive salinity of Colorado River water There were two overriding issues on latter being a compulsory requirement which flows into Mexico and destroys the H.R. 5838: First, should the National throughout the country. Such action soil of Baj a California. Bureau of Standards be allowed discre­ would thus prevent an epidemic potential I believe presentation of a statue of tionary expenditure of $5,000 annually and will reduce the number of future Lincoln to the people of Mexico is states­ in undesignated gifts and bequests, and paralytics. Planning such as this and manship in this same vein. It is an act royalties and honorariums to employees; the support given to the program by the of good will in a world that is racked by and second, should Government agencies Jordanian Government and the Jorda­ conflict. which contract work to NBS be able to nian people certainly acclaims the polio SENATE INVESTIGATION transfer funds to the Bureau without immunization project to have been a Earlier this month I was asked to requiring approval by the Appropria­ "success" of our foreign aid program. testify before the Senate Subcommittee tions Committee. My vote on the bill on Frauds and Misrepresentations Af­ reflects an affirmative answer to both fecting the Elderly. In my judgment, a questions. To clarify the first issue, the Bureau Cameron Voting Record serious study at the congressional level relating to deceptive and misleading-if was not seeking authority to use appro­ not fraudulent--practices in the sale of priated funds, but to use funds which it EXTENSION OF REMARKS health and accident benefits is long over­ is authorized to accept as gifts. Where OF due. these gifts are not specifically designed The word "benefits" I use advisedly, for for a particular purpose, as most of them HON. RONALD BROOKS CAMERON many purveyors of health and accident are, NBS merely wanted to put the money OF CALIFORNIA benefits are not operating as insurance into areas where it is needed most, in­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES companies-which in the main are rea­ stead of having the donation revert to Wednesday, May 13, 1964 sonably well regulated by the several the U.S. Treasury. When a donor be­ Mr. CAMERON. Mr. Speaker, my States-but rather operate under the queaths money to a designated recipient third congressional voting record report guise of providing direct service-service it seems only proper that the money go for the 2d session of the 88th Con­ available only through preselected to that recipient. gress covers the period from March 16 physicians and preselected locations. The second controversial section of through May 11. It contains comments During my service in the California the bill involved streamlining the Bu­ on legislation to improve fiscal and ad­ Legislature, I served continually as chair­ reau's administrative and fiscal proce­ ministrative practices of the National man of a study committee dealing in this dures to bring them into line with those Bureau of Standards, the Food Stamp general area. In 1961 my committee of most other Government agencies. Act, and the wheat-cotton measure. made a series of 16 recommendations to Simply stated, the bill provides that It also contains my comments on the legislature, and many of these rec­ funds for research and development, or events which took place in the House ommendations are pertinent to the procurement, or production of any Gov­ on April 9 when many of our Republi­ Senate subcommittee's area of inquiry. ernment agency may be transferred to can colleagues--smarting from legisla­ METHOD NEEDED and merged with the appropriations of tive defeat--retaliated by bringing the Foremost among these is the need to the Bureau-appropriations approved by legislative process to a grinding halt. devise a method whereby the layman­ Congress-when the Secretary of Com­ During the period of this report I in­ aided by analyses in easy-to-understand merce and the head of the other agency troduced two bills. The first would au­ language-can evaluate the relative agree to do so, with the approval of the thorize the President to posthumously benefits provided by various plans. Bureau of the Budget. award the Congressional Medal of Hon­ Hundreds of times I have seen persons COMMON PRACTICE or to President Kennedy. In the 25th drop plans that provide far superior There is nothing extraordinary about Congressional District, a drive support­ benefits to those being sold by "suede­ this procedure. It is authorized by ing the proposal is being spearheaded by shoe operators" with a fancy pitch. They statute which specifically grants to any members of the Disabled American Vet­ drop these plans because they mistakenly executive department or independent erans, Frank C. Marpe Chapter 44 of believe the salesman and have no objec­ agency of the Government the option to West Covina. To date some 30 veterans' tive means to evaluate the relative bene­ place orders with any other agency for groups, city councils, labor unions, and fits of the two programs. supplies and services, when the head of 10850 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE May 19 such an agency determines that it is in comparable to a university laboratory to loan his secretary to the police chief the best interest of the Government to or research foundation in its relation­ until the job is done. The city manager do so. Among departments presently ship with scientists and scientific agen­ approves the arrangement. It would operating under this system are the Na­ cies. Hampering this relationship with seem ridiculous for the city council to tional Aeronautics and Space Admin­ cumbersome procedures certainly does also have to give its approval on such istration, the Atomic Energy Commission not help to put Government on an ef­ an administrative matter, especially and the Defense Department. ficiency basis. when it had already budgeted the secre­ EXAMPLE GIVEN tary's salary at the start of the :fiscal Simply because the National Bureau of year. No well-run city operates this Standards is a lesser known agency and For the sake of illustration, examine way. an efficiently operated city in the 25th does not operate in the public spotlight H.R. 5838, in effect, points out that the I see no reason for it to function under Congressional District. Within the pub­ Federal Government still has a lot to procedures which obstruct efficiency and lic works department is a top-flight learn from local government, and I shall economy. stenographer. An important rush job continue to do all that I can to promote Although the Bureau receives little comes up in the police department and this learning process and help equip our publicity it is an important scientific the stenographer's services are urgently National Government with the tools arm of government. In many ways it is needed. The public works director agrees needed for economy and efficiency. Vote

Roll­ Not vot­ call Date Bill number R.B.C. Yea Nay ing Brief description No.

68 Mar. 16 Present. ______------Quorum call by Mr. Hall, Republican, of Misso11ri (140 Members absent) 69 Mar. 17 Present ______-·------Quorum call by Mr. Kyl, Republican, of Iowa (82 Members absent). · 70 Mar. 17 Absent______------Quorum c:all bY: Mr. Derwinski, Republican, of Illinois. (80 Members absent; R.B.C. at meetmg w1tb newsmen). 71 Mar. 18 Present. ______·····-··------Quorum call by Mr. Findley, Republican, oflllinois (47 Members absent). 72 Mar. 18 Absent ______------Quorum.call by Mr. Norblad, Republican, of Oregon (57 Members absent; R.B.C. on radio program). 73 Mar. 18 ------Present. ______------Quorum call by Mr. Ashbrook, Republican, of Ohio (62 Members absent) 74 Mar. 19 ------Present ______------Quorum call by Mr. Gross, Republican, of Iowa (71 Members absent). 75 Mar. 19 ------Present ______-·------Quorum .call b~ Mr. ;I1aley, pemocrat, of Florida (75 Members absent). 76 Mar. 19 R.R. 556 ______Yea______26i 99 70 Tif::fi:.r~~~ns1derat10n of bill amending the Organic Act ot the National Bureau of 77 Mar. 19 ---..,------Present ______------Quorum call by Mr. Flynt, Democrat, of Georgia (84 Members absent). 78 Mar. 23 ------Present ______------Quorum call by Mr. Stinson, Republican, of Washington (116 Members absent). 79 Mar. 23 ------Present ______------Quoi:i-1m call by M:. ~aird, ReJ?ublican of ~isconsin (122 Members absent). 80 Mar. 23 R.R. 5838 ••• _. Nay______151 172 110 M ot10n to recomrmt bill amendmg the Organic Act of the National Bureau ot Stand­ ards. *81 Mar. 23 R.R. 5838_ ··-- Yea______162 107 On passage of amending Organic Act of the National Bureau of Standards to improve fiscal and administrative practices. 82 Mar. 24 ---·-----····--- Present ______------·····-··· -····--··- Quorum call by Mr. Gross, Republican, of Iowa (64 Members absent). 83 Mar. 24 --. ------····· Present_------···- ·····-···------·-· ------Quorum call by Mr. White, Democrat, of Idaho (84 Members absent). 84 Mar. 24 -- _------Present_------···------·-·-----· Quorum call by Mr. Younger, Re1:mblican, of California (78 Members absent). 85 Mar. 24 R.R. 10532_ --- Yea_·-·········-·· 160 193 79 On adoption of amendment restoring $10,000,000 cut in Coast Guard appropriations (1 Member answered "pre~ent"). 86 Mar. 24 R.R. 10532. ··- Yea ______326 20 87 On passage of appropriation bill for Treasury and Post Office Departments Execu- tive 0 ffice of the President, and certain independent agencies. ' 87 Mar. 25 Absent ______••...... -----····· -----·---- Quorru;n cal~ by Mr. Gross, Republican, of Iowa, (72 Members absent; R.B.C. at meetmg with Anthony Bogdanowicz and representatives of the 25th Congressional District Building Trades Council). 88 Mar. 25 R.R. 660 ...... Not voting ______0 76 Resolution to permit consideration of R.R. 10456, appropriations for National Aero­ nautics and Space Administration (R.B.C. at meeting of Foreign Affairs Com­ mittee to bear testimony of Secretary of Defense McNamara and Gen. Maxwell T aylor, Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff) . 89 Mar. 25 R.R. 10456 __ •• Yea______283 73 76 On passage of NASA appropriations bill (1 Member answered "present"). 90 Apr. 6 Present. ______------·------Quorum call by Mr. Fascell, Democrat, of Florida (160 Members absent). 91 Apr. 6 s. 1828 ______Yea______233 39 161 Appropriations for Battle of Lake Erie Sesquicentennial Celebration Commission. 92 Apr. 7 Present. ______------Quorum call by Mr. Kyl, Republican, of Iowa (41 Members absent). 93 Apr. 7 Present ______------Quorum call by Mr. Hall, Democrat, of Missouri (57 Members absent). 94 Apr. 7 Present. ______------·-··-· ----·----- Quorum call by Mr. Gross, Rept blican, of Iowa (77 Members absent). 95 Apr. 8 Absent______------Qnorum call by Mr. Gross, Republican, oflowa (30 Members absent; R.B.C. wor:ttnc in office). 96 .Apr. 8 ------Present ______------Qnorum call by Mr. Gross, Repnblican, of Iowa (41 Members absent) . •97 Apr. 8 ------Nay______173 239 21 Motion to adjourn to block consideration of Food Stamp Act of 196i. *98 Apr. 8 R.R. 10222 ____ Nay______195 223 15 Motion to recommit Food Stamp Act of 1964. •99 Apr. 8 R.R. 10222 ____ Yea______229 189 15 On passage of Food Stamp Act of 1964. •100 Apr. 8 R.R. 665 .•••.. Paired nay______211 _ 203 15 On passage of enabling resolntion to permit consideration of R.R. 6196, the whea~ cotton bill; passage of resol tion eqPaled passage of tbe hill. •101 Apr. 9 Present __ -·--····· .••.•..... ··-····-·· ·····-···- Quorum call by Mr. Hall, Republican, of Missouri (52 Members absent). •102 Apr. 9 Yea______222 132 79 O~~~~tj~~~aproceed with legislative business by dispensing with reading of dally. *103 Apr. 9 Present__-········ ••••••...• ····-··--· -·-····--· Quorum call by Mr. Gross, Republican, of Iowa (91 Members absent). *104 Apr. 9 Yea______232 122 77 O~~~:t}~i:;~af~oceed with legislative bw,ines:s by dispensing with reading of daily *105 Apr. 9 ____ ------Present __ ------••.•••.••• -·····-·-- ·······--- Quorum call by Mr. Conte, Republican, of Massachusetts (70 Members absent). *106 Apr. 9 ____ ---···-····- Present __ -·------··-··-··· ---·-·--·------Quorum call by Mr. Younger, Republican, of California (69 Memhers abgent). 107 Apr. 10 ____ --······-··· Present __ ------.•.••..•.. ···-····------·-· Quorum call by Mr. Arends, Republican, of Illinois (109 Members absent). 108 Apr. 10 ____ ------·-- Present __ -·-····-· •.••••.... ······-·-· -·····---- Quorum call by Mr. Lindsay, Republican, of New York (114 Members absent). 109 Apr. 10 R.R. 10723 _-·· Yea______188 131 114 To recommit legislative appropriation bill for amendment to require making a matter of public record the funds and contracts supervised by Capitol Architect. Quorum call by Mr. Hall, Republican. of Missouri (80 Members absent). m 1~~: ~! ·1c£Ci

•Items so marked are considered to be of greater significance, and a brief explanation is included herein. 1964 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE 10851 Speech by Secretary Robert S. McNamara, The Vietnamese lost the independence they of primary schoolteachers had increased had enjoyed since the 15th century when, from 30,000 to 90,000, and almost 3,000 medi­ Before the James F orrestal Memorial a hundred years ago the French assumed cal aid stations and maternity clinics had control in what is now Vietnam. A quarter been established throughout the country. Awards Dinner of the National Security century ago, during the Second World War, And the South Vietnamese Government had Industrial Association the Vichy regime yielded French Indochina gone far toward creating an effective ap­ to the Japanese. In the power vacuum of paratus for the administration of the nation. the war's end, the Communist Vietminh A National Institute of Administration had EXTENSION OF REMARKS moved rapidly to enhance their position and been established with our technical and fi­ OF to build their bases for a power grab in nancial assistance-a center for the training North Vietnam. of a new generation of civil servants oriented HON. NEIL STAEBLER The attempt by the French, following toward careers of public service as opposed OF MICHIGAN World War II, to restore their rule--to buck to the colonial concept of public rule. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the trend toward independence as shown in For South Vietnam the horizon was bright. Burma, India, and the Philippines-failed. Its success stood in marked contrast to de­ Wednesday, May 13, 1964 The returning French encountered a strong velopment in the north. Despite the vastly Mr. STAEBLER. Mr. Speaker, the military resistance movement which grad­ larger industrial plant inherited by Hanoi current visit of Secretary of Defense ually fell more and more under Communist when Vietnam was partitioned, gross na­ Robert S. McNamara to Saigon makes control. For 8 years France sought to con­ tional product was considerably larger in the trol the country while at the same time grad­ south-estimated at $110 per person in the timely consideration of the address he ually granting increasing autonomy to non­ south and $70 in the north. While per recently made before the James Forrestal Communist Vietnamese. Such actions, how­ capita food production in the north was 10 Memorial Awards Dinner of the National ever, were not enough. In 1954, after percent lower in 1960 than it had been in Security Industrial Association. the fall of the French stronghold at Dien Bien 1956, it was 20 percent higher in the south. In this address Secretary McNamara Phu on May 7, the Geneva Agreements of It is ironical that free Vietnam's very presents a very thorough and well-docu­ July 20 were signed ending the hostilities achievements in these 5 years brought severe mented analysis of the South Vietnam and ending French rule in Indochina. The new problems. For the Communists in situation. This speech merits study by country was roughly cut in half at the 17th North Vietnam, like many others, had be­ parallel, creating the Communist regime of lieved that South Vietnam would ultimately all of us and I would like to insert it in Ho Chi Minh in the North and a non-Com­ collapse and fall under Hanoi's control like the RECORD. munist state in the South. Although the ripe fruit from a tree. But by the end of The speech follows: United States was not a party to those Geneva 1959, South Vietnam was succeeding, de­ ADDRESS BY SECRETARY OF DEFENSE ROBERT 8. Agreements, the United States unilaterally spite all predictions; and the Communist McNAMARA BEFORE THE JAMES FORRESTAL declared that it would not violate them and leaders evidently concluded that they would MEMORIAL AWARDS DINNER OF THE NATIONAL that it would regard any violation by other have to increase pressure on the South to SECURITY INDUSTRIAL AsSOCIATION AT SHER­ parties as a serious threat to international make the fruit fall. ATON-PARK HOTEL, WASHINGTON, D.C., peace and security. At the Third National Congress of the THURSDAY, MARCH 26, 1964 Under the Geneva Agreements, it was hoped Lao Dong (Communist) Party in Hanoi, that South Vietnam would have an oppor­ September 1960, North Vietnam's belligerency This evening I want to discuss South Viet­ was made explicit. Ho Chi Minh stated, nam with you. In South Vietnam, as you tunity to build a free nation in peace-­ unalined, and set apart from the global power "the North is becoming more and more con­ well know, the independence of a nation and solidated and transformed into a firm base the freedom of its people are being threat­ struggle. But the problems confronting the new government were staggering: 900,000 for the struggle for national reunification." ened by Communist aggression and terrorism. At the same congress it was announced that In response to requests from the Government refugees who had fled their homes in the north at the time of partition in order to the party's new task was to "liberate the of South Vietnam, the United States since South from the atrocious rule of the U.S. 1954 has been providing assistance to the escape Communist rule; a long-term military threat from the north, which had emerged imperialists and their henchmen." In brief, Vietnamese in their struggle to maintain Hanoi was about to embark upon a program their independence. from the war with large military forces; a. government nearly paralyzed by 8 years of of wholesale violations of the Geneva agree­ My purpose this evening is threefold. Af­ ments in order to wrest control of South ter recalling some facts about Vietnam and war and lacking sufil.ciellit trained ofil.cials for effective self-government; acute economic Vietnam from its legitimate government. its history, I want: To the Communists, "liberation" meant First, to explain our stake and objectives dislocation and lack of government revenues; and persisting pockets of southern territory sabotage, terror, and assassination: attacks in South Vietnam; on innocent hamlets and villages and the Second, to review for you the current situ­ that had long been held by Communists and other dissident groups. In the face of such coldblooded murder of thousands of school­ ation there as General Taylor and I found it teachers, health workers and local ofil.cials on our recent trip; problems, hopes were not high for the sur­ vival of the fledging republic. who had the misfortune to oppose the Com­ And finally, to outline in broad terms the munist version of "liberation." In 1960 and plans which have been worked out with Gen­ That autumn, a decade ago, President Ngo Dinh Diem of the Republic of South Viet­ 1961, almost 3,000 South Vietnamese civil­ eral Khanh for achieving our mutual ob­ ians in and out of government were assas­ jectives in South Vietnam. nam turned to the United States for eco­ nomic assistance. President Eisenhower un­ sinated and another 2,500 were kidnaped. I. DESCRIPTION AND HISTORY derstood the gravity of the situation; and The Communists even assassinated the colo­ Let me begin by reminding you of some he determined to give direct American aid to nel who served as liaison ofil.cer to the In­ the new Government to enable its survival. ternational Control Commission. details about South Vietnam-that narrow This aggression against South Vietnam strip of rich coastal mountain and delta He wrote to President Diem on October 25, 1954: "The purpose of this offer is to assist was a major Communist effort, meticulously lands running 900 miles in the tropics along planned and controlled, and relentlessly the South China Sea to the Gulf of Siam. It the Government of Vietnam in developing and maintaining a strong, viable state, pursued by the government in Hanoi. In contains the mouth of the Mekong River, the 1961, the Republic of South Vietnam, unable main artery of southeast Asia. It has a capable of resisting attempted subversion or aggression through military means." The to contain the menace by itself, appealed to population of about 14 million-almost that the United States to honor its unilateral of California--in an area slightly larger than United States therefore provided hel~ England and Wales. South Vietnam does largely economic. declaration of 1954. President Kennedy re­ not exist by itself. Mainland southeast Asia On the basis of this assistance and the sponded promptly and afil.rmatively by send­ includes Laos, Cambodia, and the two Viet­ brave, sustained efforts of the South Viet­ ing to that country additional American ad­ nams, together comprising former French namese people, the 5 years from 1954 to 1959 visers, arms, and aid. Indochina. It also includes Thailand, gave concrete evidence that South Vietnam II. U.S. OBJECTIVES Burma, and part of Malaysia. The south­ was becoming a success story. By the end of I turn now to a consideration of U.S. east Asian peninsula is a richly endowed this period, 140,000 landless peasant families objectives in South Vietnam. The United land area of over 800,000 square miles­ had been given land under an agrarian re­ States has no designs whatever on the roughly the size of the United States east of form program; the transportation system had resources or territory of the area. Our the Mississippi-and containing almost 100 been almost entirely rebuilt; rice production national interests do not require that South million people. And immediately beyond had reached the prewar annual average of Vietnam serve as a Western base or as a to the east are the Philippines, not far to the 3.5 million metric tons-and leaped to over member of a Western Alliance. west is India, to the north is Communist 5 million in 1960; rubber production had ex­ Our concern is threefold. China, and to the south is what the Chinese ceeded prewar totals; and construction was First, and most important, is the simple Communists may consider the greatest prize underway on several medium-size manufac­ fact that South Vietnam, a member of the of all-Indonesia's resources, territory, and turing plants, thus beginning the develop­ free world family, is striving to preserve its the world's fifth largest population, whose ment of a base for industrial growth. independence from Communist attack. The strategic location straddles and dominates In addition to such economic progress, Vietnamese have asked our help. We have the gateway to the Indian Ocean: school enrollments had tripled, the number given it. We shall continue to give it. 10852 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE May 13 We do so in their interest; and we do so Communist interest in insurgency tech­ free world family, to help them save their in our own clear self-interest. For basic to niques did not begin with Khrushchev, nor cou~try for themselves; second, to help pre­ the principles of freedom and self-determi­ for that matter with Stalin. Lenin's works vent the strategic danger which would exist nation which have sustained our country for are full of tactical instructions, which were if absorbed southeast Asia's almost two centuries is the right of peoples adapted very successfully by Mao Tse-tung, people and resources; and third, to prove in everywhere to live and develop in peace. whose many writings on guerrilla warfare the Vietnamese test case that the free world Our own security is strengthened by the have become classic references. Indeed, can cope with Communist "wars of libera­ determination of others to remain free, and Mao claims to be the true heir of Lenin's tion" as we have coped successfully with by our commitment to assist them. We will original prescriptions for the worldwide vic­ Communist aggression at other levels. not let this member of our family down, re­ tory of communism. The North Vietnamese III. THE CURRENT SITUATION gardless of its distance from our shores. have taken a leaf or two from Mao's book­ The ultimate goal of the United States in as well as Moscow's-and added some of their I referred earlier to the progress in South southeast Asia, as in the rest of the world, own. Vietnam during 1954-59. In our concern is to help maintain free and independent Thus today in Vietnam we are not dealing over the seriousness of the Vietcong insur­ nations which can develop politically, eco­ with factional disputes or the remnants of a gency, we sometimes overlook the fact that nomically and socially, and which can be colonial struggle against the French, but a favorable comparison still exists between responsible members of the world commu­ rather with a major test case of commu­ progress in the south-notwithstanding nity. In this region and elsewhere, many nism's new strategy. That strategy has so nearly 15 years of bitter warfare-and the peoples share our sense of the value of such far been pursued in Cuba, may be beginning relative stagnation in North Vietnam. freedom and independence. They have taken in Africa, and failed in Malaya and the The so-called Democratic Republic of Viet­ the risks and made the sacrifices linked to Philippines only because of a long and ardu­ nam, with a greater population than the the commitment to membership in the ous struggle by the people of these coun­ south and only a marginally smaller area, family of the free world. They have done tries with assistance provided by the British appea.rs to be beset by a variety of weaknesses, this in the belief that we would back up and the United States. the most prominent of which is its agricul­ our pledges to help defend them. It is not In southeast Asia, the Communists have tural failure. Mismanagement, some poor right or even expedient--nor is it in our taken full advantage of geography-the weather, and a lack of fertilizers and insec­ nature-to abandon them when the going is proximity to the Communist base of opera­ ticides have led to a serious rice shortage. difficult. tions and the rugged, remote and heavily The 1963 per capita output of rice was about foliated character of the border regions. 20 percent lower than 1960. Before the June Second, southeast Asia has great strategic 1964 harvests, living standards will probably significance in the forward defense of the They have utilized the diverse ethnic, re­ ligious, and tribal groupings, and exploited decline further in the cities, and critical United States. Its location across East-West food shortages may appear in some of the air and sea lanes :flanks the Indian subcon­ factionalism and legitimate aspirations wher­ ever possible. And, as I said earlier, they villages. Furthermore, prospects for the tinent on one side and Australia, New Zea­ June rice crops are not bright. land, and the Philippines on the other, and have resorted to sabotage, terrorism, and as­ sassination on an unprecedented scale. The internal transportation system re­ dominates the gateway between the Pacific mains primitive, and Hanoi has not met the and Indian Oceans. In Communist hands, Who is the responsible party-the prime aggressor? First and foremost, without quotas established for heavy industry. As this area would pose a most serious threat for the people, they appear to be generally to the security of the United States and to doubt, the prime aggressor is North Vietnam, whose leadership has explicitly undertaken apathetic to what the party considers the the family of free world nations to which needs of the state, and the peasantry has we belong. To defend southeast Asia, we to destroy the independence of the South. To be sure, Hanoi is encouraged on its ag­ shown considerable ingenuity in frustrating must meet the challenge in South Vietnam. the policies of the government. And third, South Vietnam is a test case gressive course by Communist China. But Peiping's interest is hardly the same as that In contrast, in the Republic of South Viet­ for the new Communist strategy. Let me nam, despite Communist attempts to control examine for a moment the nature of this of Hanoi. strategy. For Hanoi, the immediate objective is or inhibit every aspect of the domestic econ­ omy, output continued to rise. In 1963, Just as the Kennedy administration was limited: Conquest of the South and national unification, perhaps coupled with control of South Vietnam was once more able to export coming into office in January 1961, Chair­ some 300,000 tons of rice. Add to this the man Khrushchev made one of the most im­ Laos. For Peiping, however, Hanoi's victory would be only a first step toward eventual pre-1960 record: up to 1960, significant pro­ portant speeches on Communist strategy of duction increases in rice, rubber, sugar, tex­ recent decades. In his report on a party Chinese hegemony over the two Vietnams and southeast Asia, and toward exploitation tiles, and electric power: a 20-percent rise in conference entitled "For New Victories of per capita income; threefold expansion of the World Communist Movement," Khru­ of the new strategy in other parts of the world. schools, and restoration of the transportation shchev stated: "In modern conditions, the system. One cannot but conclude that, given following categories of wars should be dis­ Communist China's interests are clear: It has publicly castigated Moscow for betray­ stability and lack of subversive disruption, tinguished: world wars, local wars, libera­ South Vietnam would dramatically outstrip tion wars and popular uprisings." He ruled ing the revolutionary cause whenever the Soviets have sounded a cautionary note. It its northern neighbor and could become a out what he called "world wars" and "local peaceful and prosperous contributor to the wars" as being too dangerous for profitable has characterized the United States as a paper tiger and has insisted that the revolu­ well-being of the Far East as a whole. indulgence in a world of nuclear weapons But, as we have seen, the Communists­ But with regard to what he called "liberation: tionary struggle for "liberation and unifica­ tion" of Vietnam could be conducted with­ because South Vietnam is not theirs-are out wars," he referred specifically to Vietnam to deny any such bright prospects. He said, "It is a sacred war. We recogniz~ out risks by, in effect, crawling under the such wars." nuclear and the conventional defense of the In the years immediately following the signing of the 1954 Geneva Accords, the Com­ I have pointed out on other occasions the free world. Peiping thus appears to feel that it has a large stake in demonstrating the new munists in North Vietnam gave first priority enormous strategic nuclear power which the strategy, using Vietnam as a test case. Suc­ to building armed forces far larger than United States has developed to cope with those of any other southeast Asian country. the first of Mr. Khrushchev's types of wars· cess in Vietnam would be regarded by Peiping as vindication for China's views in the world­ They did this to establish iron control over deterrence of deliberate, calculated nuclea~ wide ideological struggle. their own population and to insure a secure attack seems as assured as it can be. With base for subversion in South Vietnam and respect to our general purpose forces de­ Taking into account the relationship of Vietnam to Indochina-and of both to Laos. In South Vietnam, instead of with­ signed especially for local wars, within the drawing fully, the Communists maintained a. past 3 years we have increased the number southeast Asia, the Far East and the free world as a whole-five U.S. Presidents have holding guerrilla operation and they left be­ of our combat-ready Army divisions by hind cadres of men and large caches of about 45 percent, tactical air squadrons by acted to preserve free world strategic in­ terests in the area. President Roosevelt op­ weapons for later use. 30 percent, airlift capabilities by 75 percent Beginning in 1959, as we have seen, the with a 100-percent increase in ship construe~ posed Japa nese penetration in Indochina; tion and conversion. In conjunction with President Truman resisted Communist ag­ Communists realized that they were losing the forces of our allies, our global posture gression in Korea; President Eisenhower the game and intensified their subversive at­ for deterrence and defense is still not all backed Diem's efforts to save South Viet­ tack. In June 1962, a special report on Viet­ that it should be, but it is good. nam and undertook to defend Taiwan; Pres­ nam was issued by the International Control ident Kennedy stepped up our counterin­ Commission, a unit created by the Geneva. President Kennedy and President Johnson surgency effort in Vietnam; and President Conference and composed of a Canadian, an have recognized, however, that our forces for Johnson, in addition to reaffirming last week Indian, and a Pole. Through it received little the first two types of wars might not be that the United States will furnish assistance publicity at the time, this report presented applicable or effective against what the and support to South Vietnam for as long as evidence of Hanoi's subversive activities in Communists call "wars of liberation" or it is required to bring Communist aggression South Vietnam, and specifically found Hanoi what is properly called covert aggressi~n or and terrorism under control, has approved guilty of violating the Geneva accords. insurgency. We have therefore undertaken the program that I shall describe in a few Since then, the illegal campaign of terror, and continue to press a variety of programs minutes. violence, and subversion conducted by the to develop sk1lled specialists, equipment and The United States role in South Vietnam, Vietcong and directed and supported from. techniques to enable us to help our allies then, is: First, to answer the call of the the north has greatly expanded. Military counter the threat of insurgency. South Vietnamese, a member nation of our men, specialists, and secret agents continue 1964 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE 10853 to infiltrate into South Vietnam both di­ the fledgling government of South Vietnam. tack, would not be in any sense an achieve­ rectly from the north and through Laos and The young men joining them have been at­ ment of the objectives I have outlined. As Cambodia. The flow of Communist-supplied tracted by the excitement of the guerrilla we tried to convey in Laos, we have no objec­ weapons, particularly those of large caliber, life and then held by bonds of loyalty to tion in 'principle to neutrality in the sense has increased. These include Chinese 75-mm. their new comrades-in-arms, in a nation of nonalinement. But even there we are recollless rifles and heavy machineguns. where loyalty is only beginning to extend learning lessons. Communist abuse of the Tons of explosive-producing chemicals smug­ beyond the family or the clan. These loyal­ Geneva accords, by treating the Laos cor­ gled in for use by the Vietcong have been ties are reinforced both by systematic indoc­ ridor as a sanctuary for infiltration, con­ intercepted along with many munitions trination and by the example of what hap­ stantly threatens the precarious neutrality. manufactured in Red China and, to a lesser pens to informers and deserters. "Neutralization of South Vietnam"-an am­ extent, elsewhere in the Communist bloc. Clearly, the disciplined leadership, direc­ biguous phrase at best--was therefore re­ In December 1963, a Government force at­ tion and support from North Vietnam is a jected. tacked a Vietcong stronghold in Dinh Tuong critical factor in the strength of the Vietcong The third option before the President was Province and seized a large cache of equip­ movement. But the large indigenous sup­ initiation of military actions outside South ment, some of which was of Chinese Com­ port that the Vietcong receives means that Vietnam, particularly against North Vietnam, munist manufacture. The Chinese equip­ solutions must be as political and economic in order to supplement the counterinsur­ ment included a 90-mm. rocket launcher, as military. Indeed, there can be no such gency program in South Vietnam. 60-mm. mortars, carbines, TNT, and hun­ thing as a purely "military" solution to the This course of action-its implications and dreds of thousands of rounds of various kinds war in South Vietnam. ways of carrying it out--has been carefully of ammunition. Some of the ammunition The people o.f South Vietnam prefer inde­ studied. was manufactured as recently as 1962. pendence and freedom. But they w111 not Whatever ultimate course of action may When President Diem appealed to Presi­ exercise their choice for freedom and commit be forced upon us by the other side, it is dent Kennedy at the end of 1961, the South themselves to it in the face of the high per­ clear that actions under this option would Vietnamese were quite plainly losing their sonal risk of Communist retaliation-a kid­ be only a supplement to, not a substitute fight against the Communists, and we naped son, a burned home, a ravaged crop­ for, progress within South Vietnam's own promptly agreed to increase our assistance. unless they can have confidence in the ulti­ borders. Fourteen months later, in early 1963, Pres­ mate outcome. Much therefore depends on The fourth course of action was to con­ ident Kennedy was able to report to the the new government under General Khanh, centrate on helping the South Vietnamese Nation that "the spearpoint of aggression has for which we have high hopes. win the battle in their own country. This, been blunted in South Vietnam." It was Today the government o.f General Khanh all agree, is essential no matter what else is evident that the Government had seized the is vigorously rebuilding the machinery of done. initiative in most areas from the insurgents. administration and reshaping plans to carry The President therefore approved the 12 But this progress was interrupted in 1963 by the war to the Vietcong. He is an able and recommendations that General Taylor and I the political crises arising from troubles be­ energetic leader. He has demonstrated his made relating to this option. tween the Government and the Buddhists, grasp of the basic elements-political, eco­ We have reaffirmed U.S. support for South students, and other non-Communist opposi­ nomic, and psychological, as well as mili­ Vietnam's Government and pledged economic tionists. President Diem lost the confidence tary-required to defeat the Vietcong. He assistance and military training and logistical and loyalty of his people; there were accusa­ is planning a program of economic and social support for as long as it takes to bring the tions of maladministration and injustice. advances for the welfare of his people. He insurgency under control. There were two changes of government has brought into support of the government We will support the Government of South within 3 months. The fabric of government representatives of key groups previously Vietnam in carrying out its anti-insurgency was torn. The political control structure excluded. He and his colleagues have de­ plan. Under that plan, Prime Minister extending from Saigon down into the ham­ veloped plans for systematic liberation of Khanh intends to implement a national mo­ lets virtually disappeared. Of the 41 in­ areas now submissive to Vietcong duress and bilization program to mobilize all national cumbent province chiefs on November 1 of for mobilization of all available Vietnamese resources in the struggle. This means im­ last year, 35 were replaced. Nine provinces resources in the defense of the homeland. proving the quality of the strategic hamlets, had three chiefs in 3 months; one province At the same time, General Khanh has building them systematically outward from had four. Scores of lesser officials were re­ understood the need to improve South Viet­ secure areas, and correcting previous over­ placed. Almost all major mllitary commands nam's relations with its neighbors, Cambodia extension. The security forces of Vietnam changed hands twice. The confidence of the and Laos; he has taken steps towards con­ will be increased by at least 50,000 men. peasants was inevitably shaken by the dis­ ciliation; and he has been quick and forth­ They will be consolidated, and their effective­ ruptions in leadership and the loss of physi­ right in expressing his government's regret ness and conditions of service will be im­ cal security. Army and paramilitary deser­ over the recent Vietnamese violation of Cam­ proved. They will press the campaign with tion rates increased, and the morale of the bodia's borders. In short, he has demon­ inoreased intensity. We will provide re­ hamlet militia-the "Minutemen"-fell. In strated the energy, comprehension, and deci­ quired· additional materiel. This will include many areas, power vacuums developed caus­ sion required by the difficult circumstances strengthening of the Vietnamese Air Force ing confusion among the people and a rising that he faces. with better aircraft and improving the mobil­ ity of the ground forces. rate of rural disorders. IV. A PROGRAM TO MEET OUR OBJECTIVES A broad national program is to be carried The Vietcong fully exploited the resultant Before describing the means by which we organizational turmoil and regained the ini­ out, giving top priority to rural needs. The tiative in the struggle. For example, in the hope to assist the South Vietnamese to suc­ program includes land reform, loans to ten­ ceed in their undertaking, let me point out ant farmers, health and welfare measures, second week following the November coup, the options that President Johnson had be­ Vietcong incidents more than tripled from economic development, and improved status fore him when he received General Taylor's for ethnic minorities and paramilitary troops. 316, peaking at 1,021 per week, while govern­ and my report last week. ment casualties rose from 367 to 928. Many A civil administrative corps will be estab­ Some critics of our present policy have lished to bring better public services to the overextended hamlets have been overrun or suggested one option-that we simply with­ severely damaged. The January change in people. This will include teachers, health draw. This the United States totally re­ technicians, agricultural workers, and other government produced a similar reaction. jects for reasons I have stated. In short, the situation in South Vietnam technicians. The initial goal during 1964 Other critics have called for a second and will be at least 7,500 additional persons; ulti­ has unquestionably worsened, at least since similar option-a "neutralization" of Viet­ last fall. mately there will be at least 40 ,000 men for nam. This, however, is the game of "what's more than 8,000 hamlets, in 2,500 villages and The picture is admittedly not an easy one mine is mine and what's yours is negotiable,'' to evaluate and, given the kind of terrain 43 provinces. No one seriously believes the Communists Farm productivity will be increased and the kind of war, information is not al­ would agree to "neutralization" of North ways available or reliable. The areas under through doubled use of fertilizers to provide Vietnam. And, so far as South Vietnam is immediate and direct benefits to peasants in Communist control vary from daytime to concerned, we have learned from the past nighttime, from one week to another, accord­ secure areas and to increase both their earn­ that the Communists rarely honor the kind ings and the Nation's export earnings. ing to seasonal and weather factors. And, of treaty that runs counter to their compul­ of course, in various areas the degree and im­ We have lea.rned that in Vietnam, political sion to expand. and economic progress are the sine qua non portance of control differ. Although we esti­ Under the shadow of Communist power, mate that in South Vietnam's 14 million of military success, and that military secu­ "neutralization" would in reality be an in­ rity is equally a prerequisite of internal prog­ population, there are only 20 to 25 thousand terim device to permit Communist consolida­ hard-core Vietcong guerrillas, they have ress. Our future joint efforts with the Viet­ tion and eventual takeover. When General namese are going to apply these lessons. been able to recruit from among the South Taylor and I were in Hue, at the north end Vietnamese an irregular force of from 60 to of South Vietnam, 2 weeks ago, several V. CONCLUSION 80 thousand-mainly by coercion and "band­ Vietnamese students carried posters which To conclude: Let me reiterate that our goal wagon" effect, but also by promising mate­ showed their recognition of the reality of is peace and stability, both in Vietnam and rial and political rewards. The loyalties of "neutralization." The signs read: "Neutral­ southeast Asia. But we have learned that the hard core have been cemented by years ize Today, Communize Tomorrow." peace at any price is not practical in the long of fighting, first against the Japanese, then "Neutralization" of South Vietnam, which run and that the cost of defending freedom against the French, and, since 1954, against is today under unprovoked subversive at- must be borne if we are to have it at all. 10854 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE May 13 The road ahead in Vietnam ls going to be level; however, I am sure that no one remain satisfied entirely with the diet af­ long, difficult, and frustrating. It will take would argue that these people have been forded by domestic markets. Our products work, courage, imagination, and, perhaps brought to Washington by this adminis­ must be marketed and sold in the market­ more than anything else, patience to bear the places of the world in competition with for­ burden of what President Kennedy called a tration and are recognized by everyone eign products. long twilight struggle. In Vietnam it has not as being political appointees. Unfortunately there has been an apathy been finished in the first 100 days of Presi­ This will come as a great shock to and inertia on the part of the most substan­ dent Johnson's administration, and it may many of the career people, but I hope tial part of our manufacturing firms in at­ not be finished in the first 1,000 days, but, they will not despair because it will be tempting to sell their products abroad. De­ in cooperation with General Khanh's govern­ my intention-and I am sure many of my spite the ceaseless efforts of the Department ment, we have made a beginning. When the colleagues will join me-to do everything of Commerce in this field, the acceptance of day comes that we can safely withdraw, we possible to protect the civil service sys­ the urgent essentiality of export expansion expect to leave an independent and stable is being resisted by too large a part of our South Vietnam, rich with resources and tem so that we can continue to draw into · economy. The consequences of this resist­ bright with pro.spects for contributing to the the Government service outstanding in­ ance are alarming, because, without the in­ peace and prosperity of :southeast Asia and of dividuals who will devote long and dis­ creased movement of American goods to the world. tinguished careers to Government serv­ foreign markets, our economy cannot prop­ ice. I hope that this administration will erly grow and our adverse balance of inter­ put a stop to this business of using the national payments cannot be corrected. Ex­ The Civil Service System civil service system for political gain. port expansion is vital. I hope that the civil servants will not It is distressing that approximately 90 per­ cent of the manufacturing firms of this coun­ EXTENSION OF REMARKS despair, because I believe this adminis­ tration will soon realize that they are try do not even attempt to market their OF goods abroad. This situation must be re­ making a mistake in destroying this great versed if the purposes of the Trade Expansion HON. JOEL T. BROYHILL service. Act are to be achieved. For this reason, I was OF VIRGINIA most anxious and pleased to sponsor and promote the passage of the Mobile Trade Fair IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Mobile Trade Fairs Act, which I believe can itself become a most Wednesday, May 13, 1964 important legislative enactment. The resistance of a large part of American Mr. BROYHILL of Virginia. Mr. EXTENSION OF REMARKS business to enter the export field is explained Speaker, as my colleagues know, I have OF by a number of factors. First of all, many always been deeply interested in helping companies have considered the domestic mar­ to protect the civil service system of the HON. ROMAN C. PUCINSKI ket to afford sumcient opportunities. Sec­ U.S. Government. Under this system, OF ll.LINOIS ondly, many small, medium, and even large­ over the years Government has been able IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES size companies are fearful of foreign trade, which they consider a complete mystery. It to attract some of the most outstanding Wednesday, May 13, 1964 citizens in America. Many of these ca­ is in connection with this latter point-in Mr. PUCINSKI. Mr. Speaker, yester­ dispelling this mystery-that American-flag reer employees could make more money steamship companies can perform a most outside of Government; however, they day it was my privilege to participate in worthwhile public service, while at the same are dedicated to their jobs, and every a most impressive luncheon honoring the time promoting their own interests. American should be grateful for this signing of a contract between the De­ Certainly, there is no other segment of our dedication. partment of Commerce and Mobile Trade economy which has as much collective experi­ As I have indicated before, I am be­ Fairs, Inc., to increase the display of ence in foreign trade as our American mer­ coming increasingly concerned that the American-made products in foreign ports challlt marine. Together, the American-flag civil service system is being used for all over the world. steamship companies have thousands of em­ ployees and agents in, every major market of Political purposes. I · appeared before This unusual contract is the result of the free world. our fine American-flag ves­ t~e House Foreign Affairs Committee legislation sponsored by our very dis­ sels serve every major foreign port on a reg­ only last week to indicate my great con­ tinguished colleague, the gentleman from ular and frequent basis. This experience cern over the indiscriminate firing of North Carolina, the Honorable HERBERT and service can be made available to all pro­ many career employees in the Agency for c. BONNER, chairman of the Committee spective American exporters-and this is International Development