A Series of Lesson Units Index
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All About the Body A Series of Lesson Units Index All About Blood, p. 3 Pump It Up, p. 19 Paging Dr. Nan O. Bot, p. 40 Them Bones, They’re a Rattlin’, p. 47 What’s on Your Mind?, p. 109 Eye Didn’t Know That, p. 124 Look into My Eyes, p. 133 I’m All Ears, p. 147 Tasting with Your Nose, p. 163 Basic Lesson Planning Sheet, p. 180 2 | P a g e All About Blood Note: Read through the following materials and see what you remember. If you can’t remember the information, the students won’t remember it either. Make it applicable for the students, don’t read to them, don’t feel rushed, make it a discussion and do a demonstration. How can you help them remember? How can you make it fun? When you introduce a new word, give a definition/explanation right away and draw pictures, act it out, and write the words up on the board and/or show the pictures. Give fun band-aids as rewards for participation. You want to keep the kids’ attention, get them involved, and don’t shy away from what you don’t know all that well. Get to know it and you’ll keep the kids engaged and talking. Major Parts of the Blood As part of our study of the human body we are learning about the parts of our blood. The following materials will be a key part of your demonstration and discussion as you discuss the various parts of blood and the information. Materials: • A gallon of red liquid—represents how much blood we have in our bodies • A large empty jar • a jar of yellow water or corn syrup--plasma • a jar with cheerios or Red Hots candies—red blood cells • a jar with small white marshmallows-white blood cells 3 | P a g e • a shaker of salt • a small container of multi-colored sprinkles-nutrients and hormones • a bottle of red food coloring--hemoglobin • rice-platelets • netting from a bag of fruit, ex. Oranges (represents the platelets and how they bind together when you get a cut) • Small cotton balls • A dog’s chew bone—shows the students where bone marrow is located • Small snack or sandwich bags -represents your blood vessels • a spoon • Optional: fancy band-aids What is Blood? The following Information about blood was compiled from KidsHealth.org *Go into detail about the underlined words, remember, this is new vocabulary and when we introduce new vocabulary we want to give a definition, explanation, illustration immediately. Draw it, act it out, show a picture. You know what blood is — it's that red stuff that comes out if you get a paper cut. The average person has about 1 to 1½ gallons (4-6 liters) of it. (*Physically show the students a gallon or half gallon of red liquid) But what is blood, really, and where does it come from? How Does the Body Make Blood? It's not made in a kitchen (though it might be spilled there if you get a cut!), but blood has ingredients, just like a recipe. To make blood, your body needs to mix: 4 | P a g e red blood cells, which carry oxygen throughout the body (show the students the Red Hots) white blood cells, which fight infections (show the students the marshmallows and ask them what an infection is, have any of the kids ever had an infection? What happened?) platelets, which are cells that help you stop bleeding if you get a cut (show the students the rice) plasma, a yellow liquid that carries *nutrients, *hormones, and proteins (really important things that your body needs) throughout the body (show the students the jar of yellow liquid and your container of sprinkles) *Nutrients are chemicals from the food you eat that give your body energy and other things your body's cells need to do their work and keep you healthy. *Hormones are like little note carriers. They carry messages throughout your body, telling it what to do and when. An example of a hormone is growth hormone. It gets your bones and muscles to grow. Your body makes these things. Bone marrow (*show the students a bone, ex a dog’s chew bone, and let the kids examine it)— that stuff inside your bones — makes the red blood cells, the white blood cells, and the platelets. New blood cells leave the marrow through blood vessels (Explain: tubes that go through your whole body and carry blood) going through your bones. Plasma is mostly water, which is absorbed by the intestines from the things you drink and eat. Your intestines bring the water to the blood vessels and the water enters your blood stream and makes up part of your plasma. Put all these ingredients together and you have blood — an essential part of the circulatory system. Thanks to your heart (which pumps blood) and your blood vessels (which carry it), blood travels throughout your body from your head to your toes in a circle that keeps going around and around, which is what’s called your circulatory system. Let's find out more about each ingredient. Red Blood Cells Red blood cells look like flattened basketballs. Most of the cells in the blood are red blood cells. They carry around an important chemical called hemoglobin (say: hee-muh-glow-bin) that gives blood its bright red color. 5 | P a g e Blood and breathing work together. (Ask the students how they think that your blood gets its oxygen and why you need oxygen.) The hemoglobin in blood brings oxygen to all your cells. How? As the blood travels through your lungs the hemoglobin in the red blood cell picks up the oxygen, turns the cell bright red, and then it takes it to all parts of your body which take away the oxygen from the blood cell, which turns dark and has to go back through your heart to your lungs and get more oxygen. (Draw a simple diagram on the board.) Without oxygen, your body couldn't keep working and stay alive. (Have a student volunteer add the Red Hots to an empty jar and another student add red food dye into your jar to represent the hemoglobin.) White Blood Cells White blood cells are bigger than red blood cells. There aren’t as many in your blood when you are healthy but if you get sick, your body makes some more to protect you. A single drop of blood can contain anywhere from 7,000 to 25,000. (Ask students which one means they are healthy. 7,000 or 25,000? Give a fancy band-aid to the one who gave the correct answer.) When someone gets sick their doctor can do a test of how many white blood cells they have in their body. If the number of white blood cells is very high, that means they are very sick. (Ask students if they think your jar of blood is from a healthy person or a sick person. If they say healthy ask them if you should add a lot of white blood cells or just a few? If they say sick, ask the same thing. Have a student volunteer add in the marshmallows to represent your white blood cells according to the class’ directions.) Platelets Platelets (thrombocytes) are tiny round cells that help to make sure you don't bleed too much once you get a cut or scrape. Platelets are sticky little guys that help prevent bleeding and make blood clots/ scabs when you get a cut (Have 6 | P a g e students look on their bodies for scabs/blood clots. How long have they had it? How did they get it? Who has had the biggest scab? Give a funky band-aid to the winner). Let me tell you how this works, platelets are normally round and smooth, but after they are used to produce clots, they turn spiky and jagged around the edges. (Draw this on the board! Or have a student volunteer draw what you describe. And then ask the students why this would help them not bleed, why would rough edges help? Why would smooth edges not work as well?) After you get a cut, the platelets throw themselves over the cut. (Continue with your drawing). From there, they spin a web called fibrin which locks them together and forms a scab. (Draw the fibrin/web across your illustrated cut.) You can also demonstrate this with your netting bag from the fruit. Have students toss some small cotton balls at the netting. Can they get through? This is how your scab works as well. The clot keeps your blood inside the blood vessel and germs out while the cut in the blood vessel heals up. (Show the blood vessels in your hand to show them an example of a blood vessel. Ask them if they ever pull off their scabs. If they did, what happened? Why did they bleed?) Without platelets, you'd need more than a bandage to catch the blood when you scrape your knee! (Ask students if your jar of blood has gotten hurt. Does it need a lot of platelets or just a few? Have a student volunteer put in your rice platelets.)I Plasma Plasma is a yellow liquid that is mostly water. (Plasma is about 54% of our blood The rest is 45% red blood cells, 1% white blood cells, and 1% platelets.) (Draw a pie chart or a diagram like the one on the next page, on the board of how much of their blood each part is, or during your demonstration.