ments in 1952 were about one-fifth there were no large decreases, pay- State fund disbursements, includ- higher than in 1951. For most of these ments under half a dozen programs ing payments to Federal Government nine, this was a continuation of a had not shared in the increase but employees, increased at a somewhat higher-than-average rate of gain ini- were at more or less the same level as faster rate than private carrier pay- tiated in 1951 or earlier. Although 1951 payments. ments-13 percent and 10 percent, re- spectively. The difference in rate of Estimates of workmen’s compensation payments, by State and type of itI- increase was not sufficiently great, surance, 1951 and 1952 1 however, to change the proportions of [In thousands] the total paid by each type of insurer in the 2 years. Of the totals for each Year, private carrier payments ac- Per- centage counted for about 62 percent, State change in total fund disbursements for 24 percent, anclceI state j Self-, ante state ME- ‘hk 10sses fund insur- lOSSI fund 1insur- Pay- and self-insured payments for just paid by Total paid by *nce ments, private bgsi- *Ilcc pnvate b& 1952 over 13 percent. msur- insur- Pay- from *me ments 8 m%; ’ I *nce meuts~ Daents 1 1951 Of the $787 million paid in 1952. it I , carriers * carriers 2. is estimated that $260 million, or -- about one-third, was in the form of .I? 10, :33Y i-10.X medical and hospitalization benefits. 2,854 I__-__._' iI 3,264 2,611 -.._.~_.- 653 +y. 3 125 5,094 82 4.902 110 fl5.6 Of the $527 million in nomnedical 50:1263 7:: '!2? 17. Ilh 6,190790 4,308 3,543 _.. ~._._ 765 $5.! payments, seven-eighths was in the 66,377 44,955 13,789 jvG33 1,805 2,8!!7 350 4,112 1,473 2. :339 300 1% t form of cash compensation for non- 11,647 --.~...-_ 1,294 11,182 10,064 _. ~...._ 1,118 115.7 863 -. ..-.._I 215 713 . . ..~~.._ 175 +21.4 fatal injuries and the remaining 2,402 . . . --.__: 2-m 2,E 2,395 . . ..~~.._ 240 +. 3 eighth was paid in death cases. The 10,511 ...... _ 1 ;:; 9,340 8,705 -...~~~__ 6% 5,115 ..-...___, 1, 5,560 4.520 _...... __ 1,040 t?:: preliminary estimates for each year

330 2.508 1,600 di8 330 17.7 are shown below. 7,400 35,090 28,353 _~.....__ 6,737 +8.6 1,874 11.270 9,548 _~...~.__ 1,722 -+12.2 [In millions] 4,879 . . .._.. $3; 5,510 4,407 _~ . ..___ 1,103 +10.7 --__ 4.910 I...... _.. 4.917 3,782 .~...... _ 1,135 y;: p 7,884 4,994 .~...... _ 2,690 Type of payment 195? j 1951 I$6625 655 I.-...... 'm-.-..m._ 2,9902,280 13,070 11,078 .~~~ . . .._ 1,992 +14.3 / 1,980 ...... -’ 300 2,040 1,761 .~.~ . . .._ 279 +&s 6,911 i 910 1,250 8,348 6,363 iS3 1,197 Total __.... __.__.._... ~.~ j_.. siz- jzi 27,999 / ...... _., 2,240 27,123 25,093 .~~ . . . .._ 2,030 +11.; Medical and hospitalization ...... Compensslion, total. ..~ ...... ~ Z27 / 477 Michigan.. .._... ~.._ 24.898 23,919 15,576 1,493 6,850 +4.1 Disability ~._-.~ ._...... 462 ; 417 Minnesota j 12,427 11,200 9,333 .~..~ .__. 1,867 +11.0 Survivor...... _.. ~~~~ ...... 65 ’ 60 Mississippi. .- -.-.::; 3,589 3,254 2,939 I.._. .__. 315 I / Missouri.. ~... 14,709 12,306 9,956 I-... ..-.. 2,350 ::og: i --- _ ---~_- MOIlhl*e..m-m..m-. 3,124 3,215 1,260 I 1.207 748 -2.8 Nebraska ___...... __. 3,090 2,758 2,647 -_.....-_ 111 +12.0 As3vada.-.. .~ . ..-- 2,434 2,046 100 New lI*mp8hirr-..~. 2,077 1,855 l&l .z? $3: I! New Jersey...-.-.... 38,573 35,979 31 '289 .._...._. 4,;; +7.2 Economic Status of Aged Yew Mexico- ~. ~. 3,578 2,640 2:40b ,_...... _. +36.5 Persons and Dependent XewYork.w ._....__ 144,040 134,590 62,210 / 30,404 21.976 +7.0 North Carolina. ~.._ 8,160 7, ?6f 6,166 .~..__... 1,lOC +13.3 Survivors, June 1953 North Dakota.- .~._ 1,231 1,256 2 1,254 -2.0 Ohio.. __. _-~ _....__ 52,538 44,478 5,79r +lR. 1 The most significant development Okluhoma.. .~--_ .__ 10,630 9,89(1 *,z:i: 38.600641 l,OO( +F.. I) Oregon __.. ._~_.~ ..-- $a!& 11,24E 1,880 9,368 t15. 4 affecting the economic status of aged Pennsglvaniu. 34,02F 29, 492 2, 734 10,80( “6. I Rhode Island...... :: 5: 417 4,315 ._.~.~.. 20: ,-19.8 persons in the first half of 1953 was South Caro!in& .._ 4,663 2% 3,243 .~...~.. 88: +A;: ; the emergence of old-age and survi- South Dakota. _ 950 .,* 815 ,.~~..~.. 14t vors insurance as the leading source TenueEcSet\..~~...~~.. 6,692 6,331 5.057 1,272 +5. 7 Texat...mm...e.i 4;,;%; 38,971 38,979 ._....--.‘....._. +14.1 of money income for persons aged 65 Utah _._..__.. ~~.._~_ 2,OBi 899 848 / 35( Vermont.. .._._ 1: 153 1,llE 1,013 ._.._...-! 10: :i: : and over in the continental United Virginia...- .__._..._ i 6,815 6,15i i-to. 7 States. At the end of June, 32 in every 17.001 E2?&g-p~~~;~,~~~l ;g IO, oa “i: ;’ 100 aged persons were in receipt of 15,04$ Wyoming-..-..--...j 1:os 1,02: “+::: old-age and survivors insurance bene- fits, while 30 in every 100, including Federal employrcs _ 36,234 . ..-’ 30.427 ‘m--s... +19.1 1 some of these beneficiaries, were re- 1 Data for 1952 preliminary. Calendar-year figures lor: Irrsumnce by States of Fire, Marine, Casualty, ceiving income from employment, except for Montana and West Virginia, for Fe&la1 Surety and Mi8ee?laneous J%WZS, 80th and Rlst annual employees, and for State fund disbursements in issues. either as earners or the wives of Idaho, Maryland, Nevada, North Dakota, Oregon, a Net cash and medico1 benefits paid by Stata earners (table 1) . Until the beginning and Utah, for which data for fiscal years ended in funds; rompiled from State reports (published and 1951 and 1952 were used. Includes benefit payments unpublished) and from the Spectator; estimated for of the present year, more aged per- under the Longshoremen’s and Harbor Workers’ some States. Compensation Act and the Defense Bases Com- 4 Cash and medical bencEts paid by self-insurers, sons had money income from employ- pensation Act for the States in which such payments plus the value of medical benefits paid by employers ment than from any other single are made. carrying workmen’s compensation policies that do 2 Net cash and medical benefits paid by private not include the standard medical coversge. Esti- source. Old-age and survivors insur- insurance oartiers under, standard workmen’s com- mated from available State dots. pen&ion policies. Data primarily from the S’preta- ance was the second most frequent

22 Social Security source of money income for this group 36 percent were on the old-age and since 1948, and before that year was in 1951 and 1952, and it was the third survivors insurance beneficiary rolls. the largest income source. Between most frequent between 1941 and 1951. Old-age assistance has been the third 1948 and 1951, for reasons associated The old-age assistance programs, most frequent source of income for with the decrease in employment - which were making payments in June aged men since the end of 1950, when opportunities for the aged in the post- 1953 to 19 out of every 100 persons the male beneficiaries of old-age and war years and the slowness with aged 65 and over, occupied second survivors insurance first outnumbered which the insurance rolls grew, old- place as a source of money income the men receiving old-age assistance. age assistance was the principal in- between the middle thirties and 1950 For women, the most important come source for aged women; earlier and has since dropped to third place. source of money income in June 1953 it had been the second most frequent. These shifts reflect the slow decline was old-age and survivors insurance, Changes in recent years in the rank in recent years in the relative number followed by employment and old-age of leading income sources for the aged of aged persons with jobs or in receipt assistance in that order. Old-age and are shown in the following tabulation. of old-age assistance and the very survivors insurance has occupied Arst rapid growth, since the 1950 amend- place since June 1952, when it moved Rank as income source ments to the Social Security Act, in up from third place-the position it the old-age and survivors insurance had held during the forties. Income Sex and date I,,, Old-age from employment either as earners or and Employ- wsisi . beneficiary rolls. isurvivors ment 2ulcY As might be expected, there is a the wives of earners has been the sec- jinsuranw difference between aged men and ond most frequent source of income I All aaed oersons: women in the relative importance of June&l3.__..... i 2 June 1952. _ _. 2 I the sources from which they derive Table 2.-Estimated number of wid- June 195K..-...I 3 1 June 1945.. _. / 3 1 their money income. The dissimilarity ows under age 65 and of children lged men: arises out of sex differences in labor- under age 18 with father dead, re- June 1953._.... 2 1 ceiving income from specij?ed June 1952. _ _. 2 1 force participation rates, in oppor- June 1850...... 2 1 sources, June 1953 1 JuneEM... ~~ ~ 3 1 tunities to engage in covered employ- -4ged women: ment, and in marital status. Among [In millions] June1953..-- ~~ i 1 2 June1952..~~~~.~ 2 aged men in June 1953, employment June 1950 ~.. : 2 was still the leading source of income; .June 1945.. _ 3 1 as many as 39 percent had paid jobs;

Table 1.-Estimated number of per- sons aged 65 and over receiving in- come from specified sources, June Recent PublicatiolaP 1953 1 Social Security Administration [In millions] Total in population 1 :3.G 0. s CHILDREN’S BUREAU. Allies for Chil- Source of income j Tota lj I Ken nTomen F,mployment.~~~~- ~.~~~~ I.!1 .-I dren. (Child Welfare Report No. 5.) Social insurance and rel.lled programs: Washington: The Bureau, 1953. 22 Total population aged 65 ’ Old-age and survivors in- pp. Processed. sndover~ . . . ..___._.... 13.5 6.3 7.2 sumnce...~ ~~...~... .2 .2 /-_ _- .- Veterans’ comoensation Describes how public and voluntary 2.4 1.G agencies work together in community 2.4 / ij 1.0 planning for child welfare. Limited free distribution; apply to the Chil- Old-age and survivors in- I- ’ Continental United States. dren’s Bureau, Social Security Ad- surance...... - ._._....’ 4.3 2. 3 2. 0 2 Excludes widows who have remarried. ministration, Washington 25, D. C. Railroad retirement. ~..--I I .2 .2 3 Includes children not living with widowed Federal employee rctire- mother. FAEGRE, MARION L. Children Are Our ment progmms. __...... ‘2 .I (3) 4 Includes persons with no income and income Vetera~‘componsationnn~i solely from sources other t,han those listed. Som(, Teachers: Outline and Suggestions pensionprogram ~~~ . ..-. .3 .2 .I pershns received income from more thau one source. for Group Study to Be Used with Otherr..-.-._...... ~... .4 3 6 Data from a survey made by the Hureau of the Old-age assist3nce...-~...~.~.i 2.5 i:, 1. 5 Census for the Social Security Administration in “Your Child from 6 to 12” (Chil- I October lYq9 suggest that perhaps 6 in 10 paternal &en’s Bureau Publication 324.1 orphans under age 18 are likely at any one time to be 1 Continental United States in households with an employed bead related to (Children’s Bureau Publication No. 2 Includes persons with no income and with income them, and that about 1 in 20, including some of the 333, revised.) Washington: U. S. solely from sources other than those specitied. Sornt> Gin-10 group, are themselves employed on either :I persons received income from more than one of the full- or Dart-time basis. Govt. Print. Off., 1953. 38 pp. 20 sources specified. 5 Railioad retirement and Federal rmployrr rrtire- cents. 3 Fewer than 50,000. ment programs. 4 Beneficiaries of State and local government em- 7 Fewer than 50,000. * Prepared in the Library of the Depart- ployee retirement prowtrms and wives of male bene- Source: Number of widows in the population and ficiaries of programs other than old-age and survivors number with employment and with children under ment of Health, Education, and Welfare. insurmxx and railroad retirement. PAP 18 estimated from Uureau of the Census data. Orders for items listed should be directed Source: Number of persons of specified age, sex, Number of paternal orphans under age 18 based on to publishers and booksellers; Federal marital, and earner status estimated from published estimate prepared by the Division of and unpublished data of the Bureau of the Census. the Actuary, Social Security Administration. publications for which prices are shown Number of persons reeeivinn Davments under social Number of persoos receiving payments under social should be ordered from the Superintend- insurance and related pro&% and from old-age insurance and related programs and from aid to dc- ent of Documents, U. S. Government assistance, reported by administrative agencies pendent children, rcportcll b>- :idministrative apen- (pitrtly estimated). ties (partly cstimntrd). Printing Oilice, Washington 25, D. C.

Bulletin, December 19.53 23