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Masarykova Univerzita Dizertační Práce VAZBA: MASARYKOVA UNIVERZITA FAKULTA SOCIÁLNÍCH STUDIÍ DIZERTAČNÍ PRÁCE Věra Stýskalíková MASARYKOVA UNIVERZITA Fakulta sociálních studií Katedra politologie SOUČASNÉ BEZPEČNOSTNÍ HROZBY ZÁPADNÍHO BALKÁNU KRITICKÁ ANALÝZA KONCEPTU BEZPEČNOSTI KODAŇSKÉ ŠKOLY DIZERTAČNÍ PRÁCE Vypracovala: Mgr. Věra Stýskalíková Vedoucí práce : doc. PhDr. Jan Holzer, Ph.D. Brno 2006 Prohlašuji, že jsem práci vypracovala samostatně a použila pouze uvedených pramenů a literatury. V Ivančicích, dne 7. dubna 2006 Věra Stýskalíková ………………… Obsah OBSAH .................................................................................................................................1 ÚVOD ...................................................................................................................................4 1. TEORETICKÝ RÁMEC ............................................................................................12 1.1 KONCEPTUALIZACE BEZPEČNOSTI PO DRUHÉ SVĚTOVÉ VÁLCE ..................................13 1.2 POJMOVÝ APARÁT KODAŇSKÉ ŠKOLY ........................................................................16 1.3 KODAŇSKÁ ŠKOLA A REGIONÁLNÍ DYNAMIKA ................................................................20 1.4 SEKTORY BEZPEČNOSTNÍ ANALÝZY ...............................................................................24 1.4.1 VOJENSKÝ SEKTOR .......................................................................................................24 1.4.2 POLITICKÝ SEKTOR .......................................................................................................26 1.4.3 SOCIETÁLNÍ SEKTOR – BEZPEČNOST IDENTITY ...............................................................27 1.4.4 EKONOMICKÝ SEKTOR ..................................................................................................30 1.4.5 ENVIRONMENTÁLNÍ SEKTOR .........................................................................................32 1.4.6 SYNTÉZA SEKTORŮ .......................................................................................................37 1.5 KRITIKA KODAŇSKÉ ŠKOLY ...........................................................................................38 2. UVEDENÍ DO PROBLEMATIKY ROZPADU SFRJ ..............................................46 3. ANALÝZA BEZPEČNOSTNÍCH HROZEB VOJENSKÉHO CHARAKTERU (HARD SECURITY ) ...........................................................................................................51 3.1 UVEDENÍ DO PROBLEMATIKY VÁLKY V CHORVATSKU A V BOSNĚ A HERCEGOVINĚ (B AH) ..................................................................................................................................55 3.2 ARMÁDA CHORVATSKA (H RVATSKA VOJSKA , HV), RESPEKTIVE OZBROJENÉ SÍLY CHORVATSKA (O RUŽANE SNAGE HRVATSKE ) .....................................................................57 3.3 JNA, ARMÁDA JUGOSLÁVIE (V OJSKA JUGOSLAVIJE , VJ), ARMÁDA SRBSKA A ČERNÉ HORY (V OJSKA SRBIJE I CRNE GORE ), POLICIE SRJ, BEZPEČNOSTNÍ INFORMAČNÍ SLUŽBA SRJ......................................................................................................................................60 3.4 OZBROJENÉ SÍLY V BAH................................................................................................64 3.5 POLOVOJENSKÉ FORMACE NA ÚZEMÍ CHORVATSKA A BAH ..........................................68 3.6 OSVOBOZENECKÁ ARMÁDA KOSOVA (U SHTRIA ÇLIRIMTARE E KOSOVËS , UÇK)........69 3.7 OSVOBOZENECKÁ ARMÁDA PREŠEVO , MEDVEDJA A BUJANOVAC (U SHTRIA ÇLIRIMTARE PRESHEVË , BUJANOCE , MEDVEGJË UÇPMB) ...............................................77 3.8 NÁRODNĚ -OSVOBOZENECKÁ ARMÁDA (U SHTRIA ÇLIRIMTARE E KOMBATARË , UÇK) .78 3.9 ALBÁNSKÁ NÁRODNÍ ARMÁDA AKS H (A RMATA KOMBËTARE SHQIPTARE ) ..................82 3.10 ARMÁDA REPUBLIKY MAKEDONIE (ARM) A DALŠÍ MAKEDONSKÉ BEZPEČNOSTNÍ SLOŽKY ................................................................................................................................86 3.11 OZBROJENÉ GANGY V ALBÁNII ; OSVOBOZENECKÁ ARMÁDA ÇAMERIE (U SHTRIA ÇLIRIMTARE ÇAMERIA , UÇÇ) ............................................................................................90 3.12 ARMÁDA REPUBLIKY ALBÁNIE ....................................................................................91 3.13 NOSITELÉ ISLÁMSKÉHO EXTREMISMU V REGIONU ZÁPADNÍHO BALKÁNU ...................93 3.14 VOJENSKÉ HROZBY ZÁPADNÍHO BALKÁNU – PROZATÍMNÍ KONKLUZE ........................95 1 4. POLITICKO-SOCIETÁLNÍ BEZPEČNOST ............................................................106 4.1 CHORVATSKO A REPUBLIKA SRBSKÁ KRAJINA – IDENTITA CHORVATŮ A SRBŮ ..........107 4.2 POLITICKÝ SYSTÉM BOSNY A HERCEGOVINY – OHROŽENÍ IDENTITY SRBŮ , CHORVATŮ A BOSŇÁKŮ ...........................................................................................................................112 4.3 SRBSKO A ČERNÁ HORA , OHROŽENÍ IDENTITY SRBŮ A ALBÁNCŮ A PROBLEMATIKA FORMOVÁNÍ ČERNOHORSKÉ IDENTITY ...............................................................................124 4.3.1 KOSOVSKÁ OTÁZKA ....................................................................................................124 4.3.2 PROBLEMATIKA FORMOVÁNÍ ČERNOHORSKÉ IDENTITY .............................................131 4.4 MAKEDONIE A OHROŽENÍ IDENTITY MAKEDONCŮ A ALBÁNCŮ ...................................137 4.5 ALBÁNIE . OTÁZKA VELKÉ ALBÁNIE . OHROŽENÍ ŘECKÉ IDENTITY A ALBÁNSKÁ EMIGRACE JAKO BEZPEČNOSTNÍ HROZBA SOCIETÁLNÍHO SEKTORU .................................145 4.5.1 OTÁZKA VELKÉ ALBÁNIE ...........................................................................................145 4.5.2 ALBÁNIE JAKO WEAK STATE ......................................................................................148 4.5.1 PROBLEMATIKA ŘECKO -ALBÁNSKÝCH VZTAHŮ ...........................................................151 4.5.2 MIGRACE A IDENTITA ALBÁNCŮ .................................................................................155 4.6 POLITICKO -SOCIETÁLNÍ HROZBY ZÁPADNÍHO BALKÁNU – PROZATÍMNÍ KONKLUZE ...158 5. EKONOMICKÁ BEZPEČNOST ................................................................................174 5.1 ORGANIZOVANÝ ZLOČIN V CHORVATSKU ....................................................................176 5.2 ORGANIZOVANÝ ZLOČIN V BOSNĚ A HERCEGOVINĚ ....................................................177 5.3 ORGANIZOVANÝ ZLOČIN V SRBSKU A ČERNÁ HOŘE ....................................................179 5.4 MAKEDONIE A ORGANIZOVANÝ ZLOČIN .......................................................................182 5.5 ORGANIZOVANÝ ZLOČIN V ALBÁNII .............................................................................183 5.6 EKONOMICKÉ HROZBY ZÁPADNÍHO BALKÁNU – PROZATÍMNÍ KONKLUZE ...................186 6. ENVIRONMENTÁLNÍ BEZPEČNOST.....................................................................190 6.1 CHORVATSKO A ENVIRONMENTÁLNÍ HROZBY ..............................................................191 6.2 BOSNA A HERCEGOVINA A ENVIRONMENTÁLNÍ HROZBY ..............................................193 6.3 SRBSKO A ČERNÁ HORA A ENVIRONMENTÁLNÍ HROZBY ..............................................195 6.4 MAKEDONIE A BEZPEČNOSTNÍ HROZBY ENVIRONMENTÁLNÍHO SEKTORU ...................198 6.5 ALBÁNIE A ENVIRONMENTÁLNÍ HROZBY ......................................................................200 6.6 ENVIRONMENTÁLNÍ BEZPEČNOST ZÁPADNÍHO BALKÁNU - PROZATÍMNÍ KONKLUZE ....203 ZÁVĚR .............................................................................................................................208 ANOTACE .......................................................................................................................218 SUMMARY ......................................................................................................................220 POUŽITÁ LITERATURA ..............................................................................................222 1. TEORETICKÝ RÁMEC ........................................................................................................222 TIŠTĚNÉ ZDROJE A LITERATURA ...........................................................................................222 ELEKTRONICKÉ ZDROJE .......................................................................................................223 2 2. ANALÝZA BEZPEČNOSTNÍCH HROZEB ZÁPADNÍHO BALKÁNU .............................................225 TIŠTĚNÉ ZDROJE A LITERATURA ...........................................................................................225 ELEKTRONICKÉ ZDROJE .......................................................................................................235 INTERNETOVÉ STRÁNKY ......................................................................................................244 PŘÍLOHA Č .1 .......................................................................................................................247 PŘÍLOHA Č . 2.......................................................................................................................248 PŘÍLOHA Č . 3.......................................................................................................................248 3 Úvod Pád komunistických režimů znamenal počátek transformace států ve střední a jihovýchodní Evropě, respektive jejich politickou, ekonomickou a sociální tranzici. Tyto procesy byly v některých případech ovlivněny nedokončeným procesem utváření moderních politických národů. Rozpad Československa na dva celky
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