Le FORUM “AFIN D’ÊTRE EN PLEINE POSSESSION DE SES MOYENS”

VOLUME 33, #4 PRINTEMPS/SPRING 2008 ÉTÉ/SUMMER 2008

Huguette Labbé Doherty (1942-2008) En Californie, le 17 mars 2008, à la suite d’une longue maladie, s’éteignait paisiblement, entourée de sa famille, Huguette Pauline Labbé. Elle rejoint ses parents feu Donat et Marie-Rose inhumés au cimetière de l’Assomption, ainsi que son petit-fils Jackson sous d’autres cieux. Huguette est née dans la maison fa- miliale d’autrefois dans le Rang-Saint-Pierre près de Saint-Georges. Outre son époux Richard Doherty, elle laisse dans le deuil ses enfants Kelly (Walter) et Scott (Melissa); ses petits-enfants adorés Finn et Maggie; sa soeur Lilianne (Wayne) et ses frères Yvon (Renée) et Marcel (Judy). Elle laisse également dans le deuil plusieurs cousins, cousines et ami(e)s. Vos témoignages de sympathies peuvent se traduire par un don sujet à dégrève- ments d’impôts, à la mémoire et au nom de Huguette P. Labbé, et envoyé à la fonda- tion de l’Université du Maine, fonds Centre Franco-Américains Huguette P. Lab- bé Franco-American Centre Fund, One Alumni Place, Orono, ME 04469-5792. Le Centre Franco-Américain fondé et sous la direction de son frère Yvon, oeuvre depuis plus de 30 ans pour faire connaître et faire mettre en valeur l’histoire, l’expérience, et la contribution des dizaine de milliers d’anciens Canadien Français qui sont ve- nus s’établir dans le Maine et ailleurs en Nouvelle Angleterre, tel que la famille Labbé. La vie de Huguette, cette grande dame courageuse et d’une dig- nité inébranlables, sera célébrée à St- Georges-de-Beauce cet été. Ce numéro de Le Forum est dédié à la douce mémoire de Huguette Labbé Doherty, soeur de Yvon Labbé

www.FrancoMaine.org www.Francoamerican.org New website: http://www.francoamericanarchives.org http://homepages.roadrunner.com/frenchcx/ Franco-American Women’s Institute: $6.00 US http://www.fawi.net Le Forum

Le Centre Franco-Américain Sommaire/Contents Université du Maine Orono, Maine 04469-5719 [email protected] Téléphone: 207-581-FROG (3764) Features Télécopieur: 207-581-1455 Volume 33, Numéro 4 Letters/Lettres...... 49 Printemps/Été Éditeur/Publisher L’États du Maine...... 4-17 Yvon A. Labbé Quebec, a City of Superlatives by Denise Larson Rédactrice/Gérante/Managing Editor Lisa Desjardins Michaud Edouard "King" Lacroix by Charles Francis Mise en page/Layout Ma Grand-Mère Sirois by Annette Paradis King Lisa Desjardins Michaud A Red Superstition / Une Superstition Rouge by / par Virginie Sand Our March to Quebec by Denise Larson Composition/Typesetting Lisa Michaud The Canadian Census of 1666 by Denise Larson Angel Sirois Handicrafts in Canada by Denise Larson Naomi Muhlberg An Influential Woman - My Grandmother, Evelina Lachance by Evelyn Lachance Aric Cloutier "Franco-American Day at the State House" submitted by Pearley Lachance Aide Technique Lisa Michaud Severin Béliveau Receives French Legion of Honor by Juliana L'Heureux Yvon Labbé Le KKK Au Maine Selon Dr. Mark Richard by Nicole Ouellette L’États du New Hampshire...... 20, 21, 28, 29, 30 Tirage/Circulation/4,500 Imprimé chez/Printed by François Bélanger et Marie Guyon à Beauport (1634-1641) Centre soumis par Jim Bélanger Franco-Américain, Orono, Maine L’États du Connecticut...... 22, 38-43, 46, 47 Publié 4 fois l’an par le Centre Franco-Améri- Sitcha Deported to the Cameroon by Albert Marceau cain. Le Forum est distribué surtout aux Marcel Roy, Member, Director and Past President of FCGSC, Is Remembered Franco-Américains des États-Unis. Les énoncés, opinions et points de vue formulés by Albert Marceau dans Le Forum sont ceux des auteurs et ne 25 Years of the FCGSC: Part Three by Albert Marceau représentent pas nécessairement les points Guest Writers...... 18, 19 de vue de l’éditeur ou de la rédactrice, ou de la Division pour l’Éducation Permanente à Golden Threads by Lina Marks l’Université du Maine. Québec City 1608-2008 400th Year Anniversary by Anne Marie Leonard Le Forum is published 4 times a year by the Franco-American Center. Le Forum is Books/Livres...... 23, 24, 36, 37 distributed in particular to Franco-Americans Genealogy/Généalogie...... 17, 50-54 in the United States. Statements, opinions and points of view expressed are not necessarily Query from Lucy Proulx those of the editor, the publishers or the Division Poetry/Poésie...... 25-26 of Lifelong Learning or of the University of Maine. Coin des jeunes...... 27 Tous les textes soumis doivent parvenir Music/Musique...... 44-45, 48 à —Forward all submitted texts to: Lisa D. Michaud, Rédactrice-en-chef/Editor-in-chief, Les Français d’Amérique / French In America Le Forum, University of Maine, Orono, Maine 04469-5719, U.S., au plus tard quatre semaines Calendar Photos and Texts from 1985 to 2002 précédant le mois de publication—at least four Project of: Virgil Benoit, Red Lake weeks prior to the month of publication. Falls, Minnesota Les lettres de nos lecteurs sont les bienv- enues—Letters to the Editor are welcomed. La reproduction des articles est autorisée Planning & Execution by: Marie-Reine sans préavis sauf indication contraire—Our Mikesell, Chicago, Illinois original articles may be reproduced without notice unless otherwise indicated. Alliance Franco-Américaine du Midwest L’équipe de rédaction souhaite que Le Fo- (AFAM) rum soit un mode d’expression pour vous tous les Franco-Américains et ceux qui s’intéressent Conseil pour le Développement du à nous. The staff hopes that Le Forum can be a vehicle of expression for you Franco-Americans Dessin de Français en Louisiane (CODOFIL) and those who are interested in us. Charles E. Beaudet, Michigan Le Forum et son staff—Uni- Société Historique Franco-Américaine versitaires, gens de la communauté, de la Nouvelle-Angleterre (SHFA) les étudiants --Angel, Naomi et Aric. http://www.johnfishersr.net/french_in_america_calendar.html 2 Vol. 33 # 4 • PRINTEMPS/ÉTÉ http://www.francoamericanarchives.org/ N o N u e v w e ! a u !

The history of Franco-Ameri- The history of the Franco-Americans The mission of the Franco-American cans has been omitted for generations is not complete without the inclusion Oral History Archives is to develop, from the history books due to the poli- of the voices that lived the experience. collect, archive, and make available to tics and discrimination Francos faced To that end, the Franco-American Oral the public oral documentation pertain- in employment and social settings. History Archives is to create and pre- ing to the personal, regional, ethnic and The history of Franco-Americans, serve a more complete record of the political histories of Franco-Americans. like Native Americans, has long since been history of Franco-American experience As a public history, it is to connect the left out of school curriculum so our young- in the northeast by preserving recorded academy with the community by promot- er generations are becoming less aware of interviews, the recollections and experi- ing family/community studies, historic their roots, their language and their history. ences of all who are Franco-American. preservation, heritage tourism and high- Franco-Americans have a proud The mission of the Franco-Ameri- technology media in order to enrich his- ethnic heritage that needs to be preserved. can Oral History Archives is two-fold. torical understanding in public memory. L’histoire des Franco-Américains des Franco-Américains est incomplète. régionale des Franco-Américains. Dans a été omise des livres d’histoire depuis À cette fin, les Archives d’histoire orale un deuxième temps, et comme histoire plusieurs générations à cause de la franco-américaine se veut un moyen publique, c’est de relier l’académie avec politique et la discrimination auquelles de préserver et d’enregistrer l’histoire la communauté en promouvant les études les Francos ont fait face dans leur de l’expérience franco-américaine du communautaires et de familles, la préser- situation d’emploi et leur milieu social. nord-est en conservant les entrevues vation historique, l’héritage touristique, L’histoire des Franco-Américains, enregistrées, le souvenir et l’expérience la technologie de pointe des médias, ceci tel que celle des Amérindiens, depuis long- de tous les Franco-Américains. afin d’enrichir la compréhension histo- temps sont absentes du curriculum de nos La mission des Archives orales rique de la mémoire collective publique. écoles. Il en résulte que nos jeunes devi- franco-américaines a deux volets. Dans This site is under un premier temps, c’est de développer, ennent de moins en moins conscient de construction, please bear leurs racines, leur langue et leur histoire. de collectionner, d’archiver, et de rendre Les Franco-Américains possèdent disponible au grand public une docu- with us! un fier héritage qui doit être préservé. mentation orale se rapportant à l’histoire Veuillez patienter, ce site http://www.johnfishersr.net/french_in_america_calendar.html Absente les voix de leur vécu, l’histoire personnelle, ethnique, politique, et est en pleine construction! 3 Le Forum cines to the residents of the post and served Champlain, which served as the main in many civil capacities. His wife, Marie thoroughfare during seventeenth-century. Quebec, a City of Rollet, welcomed orphan Native Ameri- Quebec City is old, and it sits Superlatives can children and ran a school for them. along the Appalachians, the world’s Champlain built his l’Habitation oldest mountains, which have been in Lower Town in order to have easy ac- so worn down by weather and time By Denise R. Larson cess from the river to the trading post for that they are not much more than roll- the hunters who brought in furs and for ing hills in most places. Forests cloak Quebec is a small city and the the ships from France that brought sup- them. Hiking trails weave through only fortified one in North America. The plies and trading goods to Quebec. The them. People love them. People love, wall that encloses Quebec is thirty-five church Notre-Dames-Des-Victoires in too, the history and quaintness of old feet high and about two miles long. In- the Place Royale stands on the site of the Quebec. We hope that la belle ville will side its confines are Upper Town, which trading post. The courtyard of the square have a very happy 400th anniversary. includes the Citadel on Cap Diamant and is the former location of Champlain’s the area north of it; and Lower Town, garden. The church, built in 1688, is Denise R. Larson can be reached at which lies between the cliffs of Cap considered the oldest one in Canada. [email protected]. She is the Diamant and the Saint Lawrence River. For more superlatives, the street author of Companions of Champlain: In Upper Town, the Chateau Fron- called Sous-le-Cap is only eight feet, ten Founding Families of Quebec, 1608- tenac occupies the site of Fort St. Louis, inches wide, and is considered the nar- 1635, published by Clearfield Company which was built by Samuel de Champlain rowest street in North America, which is of Baltimore; 1-800-296-6687; www. and his men to protect a trading post that not surprising as it is one of the oldest, genealogical.com; Item #9914. was founded in 1608. The apothecary too. However, the oldest street in Quebec $22.95 plus $4 postage and handling. Louis Hebertbuilt a stone house near the and the oldest commercial street in North fort. From his home he dispersed medi- America is thought to be Rue du Petit- Edouard "King" Lacroix And his impossible Umbazooksus and Eagle Lake Railroad by Charles Francis

(NDLR: This article first appeared in the Discover Maine, Vol. 5, Issue 1. The photos accompanying this article are used with permission from the Patten Lumberman's Museum). Eagle Lake is one of the most beau- Unloading cars at the Umbazooksus, tiful lakes in Maine, even if its waters are Eagle Lake & West Branch Railroad. a light shade of tea-brown. The tea-brown (Photo courtesy of the Patten Lumbermen’s Museum) color is the result of some 100 years of Back in the mid-nineteenth cen- before the Civil War. The canals were a logging. Over that period giant logs were tury, Churchill Dam was the hub of less-than-successful solution, however. It left behind by various logging companies lumbering operations in the Allagash took a fair amount of time to float logs on to sink to the bottom. It is tannic acid from region. Today one can still find pieces the slow-moving canal waters and they the decomposition of the logs which is the of steam-driven apparatus and remains were continually getting hung up. Then, most likely source of the discoloration. of the buildings that once housed the around 1900, mechanization stepped in. The Eagle Lake region is famous woodsmen and their timber cutting equip- The first indication that the north for a number of reasons. In 1846 Henry ment still standing. The dam that exists woods was about to enter the twentieth David Thoreau got this far on his trip to today is a new one built to control water century came with the construction of a the Allagash. Then, long after Thoreau height on the lower Allagash for pur- tramway between Eagle and Churchill came here with his Indian guides, some poses of recreational boating and fishing. lakes. The 3000-foot-long tramway con- adventurers claim to have seen strange In the days before gravel roads sisted of a system of steam-driven axles lights in the sky, describing them in honeycombed the north woods, logs were which transported logs from Eagle Lake ways so that even today, die hard UFO- floated downriver to the mills of central to Churchill. From Churchill the logs ologists continue to make pilgrimages Maine from the Churchill Lake region. were floated down to the mills of Milli- here in hopes of seeing flying saucers. There was a problem with this, however. nocket. The tramway operated for about The region is also famous for the Um- Not all the rivers of the region run to cen- six years starting in 1903. It ceased opera- bazooksus and Eagle Lake Railroad, the tral Maine. Some flow to Canada. The first tion when the timber around Eagle Lake railroad that some said was impossible approach to dealing with the problem was was logged out. That appeared to be the to build so far into the north woods. a system of canals that were built shortly (Continued on page 5) 4 Vol. 33 # 4 • PRINTEMPS/ÉTÉ (Edouard "King" Lacroix continued new stand of timber in the Eagle Lake system of conveyors to assist in the load- from page 4) region). The line extended in a west- ing operation was added at Eagle Lake, end of rail operations for the north woods. erly direction and went for a distance of and the name was changed to the Eagle At least, it was the end, until an inven- thirteen miles down the shore of Cham- Lake & West Branch Railroad. King La- tive Canadian by the name of Edouard berlain to the head of Umbazooksus. croix, however, was kept on to manage it. “King” Lacroix appeared on the scene. Building materials for the Umba- During the seasons when the Edouard Lacroix was a big-time zooksus and Eagle Lake were brought in rails were free from ice and snow, the timber cutter with bases of operation in during the winter of 1926-27 using Lom- railroad operated twelve hours daily. Quebec and New Brunswick, including bard Log Haulers. The Lombards even There were usually ten to twelve cars to Madawaska on the Canadian side of the brought in the two steam locomotives that a train, each car carrying approximately border. Starting about 1920, King Lacroix were used on the line. The biggest part of twelve cords of wood. To facilitate speed began buying up timber rights in the Al- the job was the construction of the 1500- there was a double track at the middle lagash region. The timber he cut went foot trestle across the Allagash, which of the run so that trains could pass. This to central Maine, primarily Millinocket. had to be strong enough to support the meant that an empty train could be re- Lacroix, however, was experiencing the massive weight of the pulp cars. The tres- turning to Eagle Lake while a full one same problems moving his timber to cen- tle was designed by Max C. Hilton, one was making its run to Umbazooksus. tral Maine that had plagued his predeces- of the most knowledgeable figures in the King Lacroix’s “impossible rail- sors. His solution was the Umbazooksus history of logging in northwestern Maine. road” operated until 1930. The end of and Eagle Lake Railroad, the railroad The Umbazooksus and Eagle Lake the operation came when the Eagle that many said could never be built. had a very short history. Almost im- Lake region was again logged off. At Lacroix began building his railroad mediately after its construction, it was that point the locomotives were run at Eagle Lake in 1926 not far from the purchased by the Great Northern Paper into sheds, shut down and abandoned. old tramway. (By this time there was a Company. Under this new ownership, a

End of cars loaded , on track, Eagle Lake & West Branch Tramway. Edouard LaCroix's Gasoline Lombard Log Hauler #6. (Photo courtesy of the Patten Lumbermen’s Museum) (Photo courtesy of the Patten Lumbermen’s Museum)

Engine & cars along track, Eagle Lake Camps. Eagle Lake & West Branch Railroad. (Photo courtesy of the Patten Lumbermen’s Museum)

5 Le Forum dying women young. The fear of speak- Ma Grand-Mère Sirois ing up was wide-spread as well as how And the Value of a Family Genogram our people were easily led (or miss-led) by factory owners, their overseers and even the parish priests. It took gen- By Annette Paradis King erations before independence appeared across the board as we know it today. If I were to give recognition to one relied on other authors’ of the early 20th The idea of independence is also person for my interest in writing our fam- century to guide me. My maternal and prominent in Carolyn G. Heilbrun’s ily history, it would be mon Grand-Mere paternal great-grandparents migrated interesting book, Writing a Woman’s Sirois. That’s right, yet a tad odd, for there from Quebec to Maine in the mid-eigh- Life. What I found most important was no verbal exchange or encourage- teen-hundreds. Why these folks came to from its 128 pages was that a woman ment that went on between us that might Maine and how, has been deduced from must work toward independence early have directed me to write our history. many years of reading other authors opin- in her life. The facts were loud and Mon Grand Meme actually didn’t leave ions. This has been a rewarding experi- clear. If she can support herself, she behind anything that might have brought ence that re-kindled an enormous amount will have money of her own; if she has the two of us closer to sharing an interest of pride. We come from hard working money she will have power. By power in family history. Something as small people and possibly that’s enough I mean the ability to do anything she as bits of handwriting found tucked here to comprehend and to give homage. wants, i.e., write, paint, travel, create or there, a letter, or even a birthday card and eventually even marry a true partner. with a personal message were nothing It is the dependency on another but fantasies on my part. Those deficien- that discourages dreams from develop- cies, however, were enough to send me ing, Heilbrun wants the reader to realize. adamantly gathering and documenting If dreams are lost, she says laughter is, events large and small taking place in my too. A woman not only needs a room of own daily life. My grandchildren, when her own, (as Virginia Woolf famously their curiosities begin to stir, will have proposed) but a bank account of her a family genogram waiting for them. own as well, which comes by work- ing hard at what one likes best. The Ma Grand-Mère women of my generation were taught to search for and ‘catch’ someone who Ma Grand-Mère Sirois remains would take better care of us then our an endearing woman in my heart. Even fathers. Heilbrun suggests that a good now I remember her strength of character marriage is formed on intellectual parity. and unshaken faith. She was a rigidly This book offers the knowledge formal little woman, worn out for her age, I never gave much thought to before. I reserved enough to hold back hugs and don’t think May Sarton addressed inde- kisses, carrying a soap and water scent, pendence the same way nor did Willa wearing a crown of gray hair, showing Cather or Leo Tolstoy. Independence traces of aging with a hunched back, was among the words they wrote but I footing unsteady, dark close-set eyes gave no thought to independence. Now I that twinkled regardless, when focused Grand-Mère Sirois know it happens to be the most important on me. I think also of the many suffer- Ellen Beaulieu Sirois ingredient to life long happiness. By the ings she endured simply to exist. Sadly, end of Carolyn G. Heilbrun’s interesting I feared that what I could remember Other Writers book, Writing A Woman’s Life, I was was about all we’ll ever know of her also thinking about the way I grew up. and other women of her generation, my My life is a comfortable one in My generation thought it was ancestors. She died at the age of fifty- comparison to my grandmother, con- necessary to get married young and eight and before my seventh birthday. sidering she died young. It is a good certainly to a man able to support us. The tragedy of her early death was possibility the lack of any medical treat- That idea in some cases led to a subser- compounded by the fact that she never ment shortened her life. The obstacles vient woman and if he happened to be had the opportunity to learn to read and these poor souls faced for decades are the wrong man, women stayed married write, and even if she had, the time to do well documented, and I have read stories regardless. The reasons are clearly un- so may not have been hers to squander. covering similar situations. The Belles derstood retrospectively: young women In any case, mon Grand Meme of New England by William Moran, weren’t taught to think for themselves! wasn’t a story teller so in order to under- tells how our ancestors came to New stand what life was like for her, I have England, and includes several stories of (Continued on page 7) 6 Vol. 33 # 4 • PRINTEMPS/ÉTÉ (Ma Grand-Mère Sirois similar to the patterns and hand-stitches continued from page 6) placed by grandmothers who were quil- ters. These patterns, placed with their I might have missed something, but I hands onto material were their way of don’t remember my mother or one of preserving their family identity. These my teachers saying, “reach for indepen- heirlooms, for those fortunate enough dence before you decide what vocation to have them, are treasures and, surely, or profession you’ll choose.” That might comparable in value to the written word. have been a powerful bit of advise! I hope my grandchildren will appreciate my little stories. They will My Perspective learn how I feel about lots of things. Today, my thoughts are focusing on About the Author: Through this journey, I have also the independence of women. Fifty come to understand that a family ‘history’ years from now my thoughts may be Annette P. King grew up on Acad- can offer a child an identity and a lifelong outdated, but even then they may be emy Hill during the Great Depression and perception of self—something I came by interesting to compare with current times. graduated the Old Town High School in only with difficulty, and then quite late Modern life from my elderly eyes 1942. At that time, the high school was in life. These stories of ethnic family is seen as a fleeting moment. How located on Jefferson Street in Old Town. life have been engaging and enlighten- quickly things are replaced! Fewer Annette’s lived on Wilson Street a few ing but of course, personal substance is marriages last for fifty years; my adult streets below the high school. In 1949 lacking. From researching our history, children move into the next situation she graduated the Robert Breck Brigham a great urgency drove me to write down as fast at times as each new year is Hospital, in Boston, Massachusetts. She everything I know or remember that celebrated. I’m guessing youngsters married Gerald C. King from Bradley, has taken place during my life. Conse- still feel that time beats-out too slowly. Maine. He graduated from John Bapts quently, and in a very positive way, my But they should know this is the time to High School and the University of Maine. grandmother aimed me in this direction. form the habit of keeping a journal. The They raised four sons in Wallingford, For my family, generational silence complexities of relationships and human Connecticut. Gerald took early retire- is at an end! I am very eager to give our experiences are kept alive if events are ment. Today Annette and Gerald live on newest family members a genogram written in an articulate manner. Taking Frenchman Bay, in Gouldsboro, Maine. that will take them beyond names and the time to map where they began, how She decided to write a story in honor birth dates. I have high hopes that leav- far they went, and how it turned out of her father who had encouraged all six ing my collection of observations and a for them will give their lives meaning of his children to finish high school, a not measurable amount of identity will be beyond those of the birds that fly across so common goal for those hard times dur- of lasting value to them. With one hand, the sky without leaving a trace behind. ing and following the Great Depression. I’m holding my grandparents and parents I’m not sure I’ve put some- hands while reaching out to my children, thing together that will help some one. To purchase her book: grandchildren and future great-grand- But, I’m hopeful just one young one GROWING UP ON ACADEMY children with the other. My stories are might get thinking on the importance HILL--Remembering My French- documented to help them feel part of past of preserving our history and find the Canadian-Papa generations in a human sense. I imagine courage continue to do so after me! by Annette Paradis King that my writings are heirlooms, somewhat

Helpful Bibliographies Pgs.105. Can be ordered from UMO Initiating Franco-American Studies author @: 454 South Gouldsboro Road, A Publication of the Franco-American Studies, University of Maine at Orono 1981 Gouldsboro, Maine 04607. Single copy Le Forum Published by the Franco-American Center, U of M., Orono, Maine $15.00. Shipping and handling $3. http://www.fawi.net/ezine/ What Became Of Them by Denis Ledoux The Belles of New England by William Moran published 2001, vol3no3/King.html The Book Is About: The author’s The how and whys our ancestors came to New England, Maria Chapdelaine French-Canadian-American parents raised six children during the Great De- A valuable little book to better understand Quebecois reasoning to immigrate to New England. pression, and well beyond World War II. The story-- non-fiction-- mirrors the pride Wednesday’s Child Rhea Côté Robbins and independence the children learn from Evangeline Longfellow, Henry W. their father. It has everything to do with his Catholic faith and loyalty for his Ca- Moe ́ pi Toe ́ An ‘ezine publication of FAWI -Franco American Women’s Institute nadian heritage and being an American. 7 Le Forum (NDLR: In the last issue of if my mother was explaining to her friend father’s voice from his office as usual, Le Forum the French version of Vir- that she was having a good week, she “That is just superstition:” In the mean- ginia Sand's submission was inad- would knock on the wood table for insur- time, while Sylvie’s mother was drying vertently omitted. My apologies.) ing that her good luck would continue. dishes in the kitchen, she dropped a knife Further, my mother hated spi- on the floor. Then, Sylvie and her father A Red Superstition ders. She feared them and often killed heard the mother’s voice one more time, them. Each time that my mother killed “We are going to receive some company!” By Virginia Sand a spider, she said that it would rain. Immediately after, Sylvie heard her father Still, the rain did not always follow, shout, “It’s only another superstition!” During my youth, I often heard my but if it did, would it be coincidence? Well, when the parents joined Syl- Franco-American, Amerindian mother My mother was also saying that vie in the living room, the mother sat in tell several paroles that were considered it was bad luck to pass under a ladder a wooden rocking chair. While she was superstition. She had probably heard or to open an umbrella in the house. I rocking in front of the television, she these paroles from her own mother; naturally listened to my mother, so I expressed that the week was going very paroles like, “When a dog howls, that never opened my umbrella in our house. well. Then she knocked on the wooden means that someone will die soon.” I Above all, my mother told me to arm of her chair. Immediately, the fa- do not recall my father having told pa- never wear red clothes when I was attend- ther responded, “Let’s see, knocking on roles of superstition, only my mother. ing a funeral service, a funeral procession, wood, it is still another superstition!” I believe that paroles of superstition or a funeral oration. In that case, here is a Later, the mother went to the were passed down from generation to small story for demonstrating superstition: bathroom to take a shower. Suddenly, generation in my family, by oral tradi- Sylvie and her father heard a loud scream, tion. But of course, these paroles of A Red Superstition with the word “spider.” Apparently, the superstition did not always come to pass. There once was a thirteen year mother met a spider in the bathroom. Take, for example, if one dropped old girl named Sylvie Delarosbil. Syl- Consequently, the mother killed the poor a knife, a spoon, or a fork on the kitchen vie was always listening to her mother, spider and flushed it down the toilet. All floor at my parent’s house, my mother including her mother’s superstitions. of a sudden, Sylvie and her father heard, said to expect some company. How- However, at thirteen years old, Sylvie “It is going to rain since I just killed the ever, company did not always follow, began to test her mother’s superstitions. spider!” The father again exclaimed, and if it did, would it be coincidence? One evening after dinner, while “Look here, it is simply an old supersti- Fear of the unknown can lead to Sylvie was watching television, she heard tion!” After that, everyone went to bed. superstitious actions like knocking on a dog howling in the neighborhood. Af- The next day, when Sylvie and her wood. In that case, my mother was terwards, Sylvie heard her mother’s voice parents awoke they noticed that it was always knocking on the wood furniture, crying out from the kitchen, “Someone raining very hard. Moreover, on getting and it had to be real wood. For example, will soon die!” Then, Sylvie heard her (Continued on page 9) ne venaient pas toujours se passer. si elle l’a fait, serait-il la coïncidence ? Une Superstition Prendre, par exemple, si on a Ma mère disait aussi qu’il était Rouge laissé tomber un couteau, une cuillère, la mauvaise chance de passer sous ou une fourchette sur le plancher de la une échelle ou d’ouvrir un parapluie cuisine chez mes parents, ma mère disait dans la maison. J’écoutais naturelle- Par Virginie Sand d’attendre quelque compagnie. Pourtant, ment ma mère, alors je n’ouvrais ja- la compagnie ne suivait pas toujours, et mais mon parapluie dans notre maison. Pendant ma jeunesse, j’entendais si elle l’a fait, serait-il la coïncidence ? Sur tout, ma mère me disait de souvent ma mère Franco-américaine, Craindre l’inconnu de pouvoir ne jamais porter les vêtements rouges Amérindienne dire plusieurs paroles qui mener aux actions superstitieuses comme quand j’assistais à un office des morts, étaient considérées la superstition. Elle en frappant sur le bois. Alors, ma mère un convoi funèbre, ou une oraison avait probablement entendu ces paroles frappait toujours sur les meubles de funèbre. Alors, voici un petit con- de sa propre mère ; les paroles comme, bois, et il devait être le vrai bois. Par te pour démontrer la superstition : « Quand un chien hurle, cela veut dire exemple, si ma mère expliquait à son que quelqu’un va mourir bientôt ». Je amie qu’elle avait une bonne semaine, Une Superstition Rouge ne me rappelle pas de mon père avoir elle frapperait sur la table de bois pour Il y avait une fois une fille de dit les paroles de la superstition, seule- assurer que sa bonne chance continuerait. treize ans qui s’appelle Sylvie Delar- ment ma mère. Je crois que les paroles En outre, ma mère détestait les ara- osbil. Sylvie écoutait toujours sa mère, de la superstition se faisaient circuler ignées. Elle les craignait et les tuait sou- y compris les superstitions de sa mère. de génération en génération dans ma vent. Chaque fois que ma mère a tué une Pourtant, à treize ans, Sylvie commençait famille, par la tradition orale. Mais araignée, elle disait qu’il pleuvrait. Toute- à éprouver les superstitions de sa mère. bien sûr, ces paroles de la superstition fois, la pluie ne suivait pas toujours, mais (Suite page 9) 8 Vol. 33 # 4 • PRINTEMPS/ÉTÉ (A Red Superstition continued from The next day, Sylvie and her par- pain. The parents gently put Sylvie on the page 8) ents prepared themselves to attend the ground. Sylvie had apparently sprained out of bed Sylvie heard some noise at the funeral service at the Albert’s house. the ankle. Suddenly, it began again to door. It seemed like there was some com- The mother told Sylvie, “Never wear the rain very hard. There was no umbrella pany that had arrived unexpectedly. It color red at a funeral service!” The father with Sylvie and her parents. The parents was only eight o’clock on Saturday morn- interrupted her in saying, “Let’s therefore carried Sylvie to their house. There were ing. Sylvie heard her mother go to the see, another superstition?” Henceforth, three houses between the Albert’s house door. Upon opening the door, the neigh- Sylvie wanted to test these superstitions and the Delarosbil’s house. Meanwhile, bor, old Mrs. Albert, entered the house of her mother. So she decided to wear Sylvie and her parents had become very with an open umbrella. Without hesita- her new red dress that was very bright. wet by the time they arrived at their tion, the mother yelled at Mrs. Albert, This evening here, in her red dress, house. In that moment there, Sylvie “Close your umbrella, or else bad luck Sylvie arrived at the Albert’s house with began to turn white in confessing to her will fall upon us!” The father responded, her parents, on foot. She looked proud. mother, “Mother, I now believe your “There is nothing to make a fuss about; it There was a ladder standing in the yard superstitions to be true!” On the other is quite frankly another old superstition!” of the Albert’s house. Sylvie still wanted hand, the mother explained to Sylvie, Unfortunately, old Mrs. Albert to test her mother’s superstitions, so she “Even though I knocked on wood, the brought them some bad news. Her old walked under the ladder in wearing her week turned badly. Knocking on wood husband had died during the night. In red dress. She was not afraid. Finally, does not work, right? What to believe?” such a case, she wanted Sylvie and her Sylvie approached the staircase in front That night-there, in her sleep, Syl- parents to come to her house tomor- of the door of the Albert’s house. Sud- vie dreamed that dead Mr. Albert had been row evening for a funeral service in denly, while she was climbing the stairs, buried in a bright red suit. Immediately, honor of her husband. After Mrs. Albert Sylvie tumbled down. She turned the she awoke and began to turn white. Then left, Sylvie’s mother cried, “Every- ankle of the left foot. Quickly, her father she put forth a strong cry, “This entire day thing is not always superstition, right?” seized her while she was crying from was a nightmare! I hate superstitions!”

(Une Superstition Rouge suite de En apparence, la mère a rencontré une demain soir pour un office des morts en page 8) araignée dans la salle de bains. Par con- honneur de son mari. Après que Madame Un soir après le dîner, pendant que séquent, la mère a tué la pauvre araignée Albert est partie, la mère de Sylvie a Sylvie regardait la télé, elle a entendu un et a actionné la chasse d’eau en bas de crié, « Toutes les choses ne sont pas chien hurler dans le quartier. Ensuite, la toilette. Soudain, Sylvie et son père toujours les superstitions, n’est-ce pas » ? Sylvie a entendu la voix de sa mère crier ont entendu, « Il va pleuvoir puisque Le lendemain, Sylvie et ses parents de la cuisine, « Quelqu’un va mourir je viens de tuer l’araignée » ! Le père se sont préparés à assister à l’office chez bientôt » ! Puis, Sylvie entendait la s’est exclamé encore, « Tiens, c’est Albert. La mère disait à Sylvie, « Ne voix de son père de son bureau comme simplement une vieille superstition»! porte jamais la couleur rouge au service d’habitude, « Ça, c’est justement la su- Après ça, tout le monde s’est couché. des morts » ! Le père l’a interrompue perstition » ! Cependant, pendant que Le lendemain, tandis que Sylvie et en disant, «Voyons donc, une autre su- la mère de Sylvie essuyait la vaisselle ses parents se sont réveillés ils ont remar- perstition » ? Désormais, Sylvie voulait dans la cuisine, elle a laissé tomber un qué qu’il pleuvait très fort. D’ailleurs, au éprouver ces superstitions de sa mère. couteau sur le plancher. Ensuite, Syl- saut du lit Sylvie a entendu du bruit à la Alors, elle a décidé de porter sa nou- vie et son père ont entendu la voix de porte. Il a semblé comme il y avait de la velle robe rouge qui était très brillante. la mère encore une fois, « Nous allons compagnie qui était arrivée inopinément. Ce soir-ci, dans sa robe rouge, recevoir de la compagnie » ! Aussitôt C’était seulement huit heures du matin de Sylvie est arrivée Chez Albert avec ses après, Sylvie a entendu son père crier, « samedi. Sylvie a entendu sa mère aller à parents, à pied. Elle avait l’air fière. Il y C’est seulement une autre superstition » ! la porte. Sur ouvrir la porte, la voisine, avait une échelle debout dans la cour de Eh bien, lorsque les parents ont la vieille Madame Albert, entrait dans la chez Albert. Sylvie voulait encore éprou- joint Sylvie dans la salle de séjour, la mère maison avec un parapluie ouvert. Sans ver les superstitions de sa mère, alors elle s’est assise dans une chaise à bascule de hésitation, la mère a crié à Madame Al- a marché sous l’échelle en portant sa robe bois. Pendant qu’elle se berçait devant la bert, « Fermez votre parapluie, sinon la rouge. Elle n’avait pas peur. Enfin, Syl- télé, elle exprimait que la semaine allait mauvaise chance va tomber sur nous»! vie s’est approchée de l’escalier devant très bien. Puis elle a frappé sur le bras de Le père a répondu, « Il n’y a pas de la porte de chez Albert. Tout à coup, bois de sa chaise. Tout de suite, le père quoi se récrier, c’est tout bonnement pendant qu’elle montait l’escalier, Sylvie a répondu, « Voyons, frapper sur le bois, une autre vieille superstition » ! a dégringolé. Elle a tourné la cheville du c’est toujours une autre superstition » ! Malheureusement, la vieille Ma- pied gauche. Rapidement, son père l’a Plus tard, la mère est allée à la dame Albert leur a apportés de la mau- saisie pendant qu’elle criait de douleur. salle de bains pour se doucher. Tout à vaise nouvelle. Son vieux mari était mort Les parents ont mis doucement Sylvie coup, Sylvie et son père ont entendu un pendant la nuit. Alors, elle voulait que sur la terre. Sylvie s’était apparemment cri éclatant, avec le mot « l’araignée ». Sylvie et ses parents viennent chez elle (Suite page 11) 9 Le Forum ries and logging camps. Some of the men com or by calling Mountain Coun- Our March to Quebec came to the States to stay, but the major- ties Heritage, Inc., at 207-778-3885. ity were looking for income with which The same road, Route 201, be- By Denise R. Larson to support their families who stayed in comes Route 173 on the Canadian side Quebec province. These men walked the and continues to Levis, which sits just Mainers driving to Quebec this route between jobs, taking their earnings across the St. Lawrence River from spring and summer to enjoy the 400th home, hoping that things had improved Quebec City. Frequent ferries ply the anniversary celebration of the founding and that they could once again make water and the ride is short and smooth. of the city in 1608 might be interested the family farm profitable. That didn’t The terminal is in a convenient location in knowing that there is historical pre- often happen. Many men eventually in the old part of the city, and parking cedence for taking Route 201 from brought their family south, and some- lots that offer all-day rates are nearby. coastal Maine to the St. Lawrence River. times entire extended families settled in For an up-to-date schedule of departures Native Americans traveled a north- the same town that offered work in the and fees, call 1-877-787-7483. The south route on foot between the Kenne- mills for the women as well as the men. Web site is www.traversiers.gouv.qc.ca. bec and St. Lawrence rivers for fishing, The drive up Route 201 is Once in Quebec City, the sights, hunting, and to conduct trade among the long but pleasant. It’s an opportu- sounds, and special events are sure to de- tribes. Benedict Arnold led a militia along nity to put on favorite CDs, enjoy light until we must once again head south the Indian paths to Quebec City in his the scenery, and look forward to rest and return home, thinking all the while of attempt to seize it and undermine Brit- stops in Waterville, Skowhegan, and the many who made the trek before us. ish forces. Developed into a wagon road Jackman before crossing the border. during the early nineteenth century, the For a more informative trip, the Denise R. Larson can be reached at route became known as the Old Canada organization Kennebec-Chaudiere Inter- [email protected]. She is the author Road. A century later, when nearly a national Corridor offers a brochure with of Companions of Champlain: Founding half-million Canadians of French and nearly one hundred points of interest, a Families of Quebec, 1608-1635, published Irish descent traveled south in search for map, and contact information. There’s by Clearfield Company of Baltimore; 1- work, many followed the same route, but even a CD audio-tour, “Deep Woods and 800-296-6687; www.genealogical.com; to them it was known as the Road to the River Roads,” that can be ordered from Item #9914. $22.95 plus $4 postage and States. They found employment in facto- the Web site www.kennebec-chaudiere. handling. Additional books $2 P&H. names of individuals who were dwell- The Canadian ing in Canada at the time the tally was taken. The census did not include the 1,000 or so members of the Carignan- Census of 1666 Salieres Regiment, which had been sent from France in 1665 to quell the By Denise R. Larson Iroquois. It did include the names of fifty Filles du Roi who had been sent The census of Canada that was from a French orphanage to find hus- ordered by Intendant Jean Talon and bands in the new settlements of Canada. carried out in February and March 1666 The census was undertaken in was one of the earliest official censuses late winter so that the census takers conducted by Europeans. William the could travel by sleigh and snowshoe Conqueror had ordered that a count be and avoid the wet months when the Jean Talon done of the people of England, their route might be impassable. Winter was The communities of Quebec, Trois land holdings, and personal belong- also a good time to find most of the Rivieres, and Montreal were service ings. Conducted in 1086, the tally people at home or closeby and before centers for the government officials who was recorded in the Doomsday Book. the supply ships made their voyages carried on the business of the trading The first known citywide census was from and back to France and changed posts, for the traders who made contact done in 1449 in Nuremberg, Germany. the composition of the population. with the native hunters, and for the other Talon’s count included the greater Statistics drawn from the 1666 residents who contributed their skills to Quebec City area, including Beauport and census show that of the 3,215 persons the settlements. Nearly 800 persons were Isle d’Orleans, and the town and environs tallied, 2,034 were males and 1,181 were listed as professionals and tradesmen. of Trois Rivieres and Montreal. The females. Of those, 1,019 were married, There were also about 400 servants. To- original 154-page document is preserved 42 widowed, and 2,154 were children or gether, those two groups accounted for in the Archives of Paris. A copy is held unmarried adults. Though the majority more than half of the male population. in the parliamentary Library in Ottawa. of the population was young, fifteen resi- Among the tradesmen, there were In the 1666 census are 3,215 dents were between the ages of 71 and 90. (Continued on page 11) 10 Vol. 33 # 4 • PRINTEMPS/ÉTÉ as straps for equipment that must be (Une Superstition Rouge suite de Handicrafts in carried on long treks, and to belt and tie page 9) clothing close to the body for warmth. foulée la cheville. Soudain, il a com- The Ursulines did not limit mencé encore à pleuvoir très fort. Il n’y Canada their work to fabrics. They alone were avait pas de parapluie avec Sylvie et ses the artisans who applied gold leaf parents. Les parents ont porté Sylvie by Denise R. Larson to figurines in Quebec’s churches. chez eux. Il y avait trois maisons entre Among them were also noted carvers. chez Albert et chez Delarosbil. Cepen- Almost as soon as women arrived Potters worked with the clay from dant, Sylvie et ses parents étaient devenus in New France, spinning wheels were the banks of the St. Lawrence River to très trempés par le moment qu’ils sont whirling and shuttles on looms were make earthenware for domestic use. Fan- arrivés chez eux. En ce moment-là, Syl- clacking. Sheep brought from France ciful patterns were sometimes stamped vie a commencé à blanchir en avouant à aboard the same ships as the settlers onto the surface of bowls or cups. sa mère, « Maman, je crois maintenant provided wool for spinning yarn; and Metal had to be imported from tes superstitions vraies » ! D’autre part, flax, grown from seed from the Old France and worked by tinsmiths to make la mère expliquait à Sylvie, « Même World, provided long fibers to make utensils and kitchen ware, so wood was si j’ai frappé sur le bois, la semaine into thread for weaving linen. Weaving, used whenever possible. Wooden bowls, a tourné mal. Frapper sur le bois ne crochet, and knitting were not only craft cups, and platters served as tableware. marche pas, n’est-ce pas ? Que croire » ? and pastime but the only reliable way to When a deposit of iron was discovered in Cette nuit-là, dans son sommeil, provide new clothing and household fur- 1737, local ironsmiths were able to pro- Sylvie a rêvé que Monsieur Albert mort nishings for the habitants of Quebec and duce affordable wrought iron pieces such était enterré dans un brillant costume other fur-trading posts in the New World. as fences, railings, and weathercocks. rouge. Aussitôt, elle s’est réveillée et a Native Americans shared their Along with the English after 1763 commencé à blanchir. Puis elle a poussé knowledge of cleaning and preparing came the craft of “thrumming,” which is un cri fort, « Ce jour entier était un cau- deerskins for use as clothing. They also now called rug hooking. It is still popular demonstrated how boxes and food vessels chemar ! Je déteste les superstitions » ! in the Maritime provinces. The English could be made out of the ply able inner also spread the popular craft of quilting, an bark of the birch tree. When the supply For more informa - economical way to use fabric scraps and of European embroidery threads had tion: www.canadianguild.com. some bunting to produce a warm coverlet. been depleted, the young pupils of the Handicrafts are still produced in Ursuline Sisters, who ran a school for Denise R. Larson can be reached great quantities in Canada, though now native children, showed the sisters how at [email protected]. She is the many are for ornamentation rather than to use moose hair and porcupine quills to author of Companions of Champlain: daily use. The Canadian Handicrafts make designs on boxes and vestments. Founding Families of Quebec, 1608- Guild, now the Canadian Guild of Crafts, A unique piece of adornment was 1635, published by Clearfield Company, was founded to encourage women to re- called the “ceinture flechee,” or arrow 3600 Clipper Mill Road, Suite 260, Bal- vive traditional crafts and to spread knowl- sash. It was made by the off-loom method timore, MD 21211; 1-800-296-6687; edge of the craft work that immigrants of finger weaving. The distinctive “V” www.genealogical.com; Item #9914. and refugees brought to Canada, thus pattern is worked into a long, narrow $22.95 plus $4 postage and handling. Ad- enriching the fabric of Canadian culture. sash that was used for ceremonial dress, ditional books $2 P&H. (See page 23 ).

(The Canadian Census of 1666 grinder, one printer, one ship captain, one twenty times the size it was in 1666. continued from page 10) jeweler, and one wooden shoe maker. 36 carpenters, 32 masons, 30 tailors, 22 The people of early Canada obvi- Reference: “Statistics for the sailors, 20 shoemakers, 18 merchants and ously did not huddle in ramshackle huts, 1666 Census”: 7 hatters. An interesting category was that eat dried peas, and fold idle hands. The http://www.afhs.ab.ca/ of “gentlemen of means.” There were 15 communities were vibrant, with plenty data/census/1666/statistics.html of those. The population of 3,000 was of building construction and local com- Denise R. Larson can be reached at cared for by 5 surgeons, educated by 3 merce going on. Nearly a thousand more [email protected]. She is the author teachers, supplied with produce by 3 gar- Filles du Roi would soon join the settle- of Companions of Champlain: Founding deners. Their sweet tooth were satisfied ment and about 400 former members Families of Quebec, 1608-1635, pub- by 5 confectioners, and their floors were of the regiment would stay. Together lished by Clearfield Company, www. made warm by the products of the 3 car- these young couples would help expand genealogical.com; 179 pp., maps, illus., pet weavers. Several tradesmen had a mo- the population of Quebec province. A indexed, paper. 2008. ISBN 978-0-8063- nopoly on their craft. There was only one hundred years and three generations 5367-8. Item #9914. $22.95 plus shipping. button maker, one brick maker, one sword later the population would be about 11 Le Forum house and moved in (even before the An Influential Woman – windows were in), they decided to build a greenhouse to grow seedlings to sell. Originally what would become a grocery My Grandmother, store was built to sell the plants they grew in their greenhouse. After my father was Evelina Lachance born in 1935, they decided to turn it to a grocery store run by my grandmother This is the story of my grand- She passed on her faith and values to while my grandfather continued to work mother, a woman who set a very high her children, grandchildren and great at the paper mill. My grandfather worked standard for the Lachance women who grandchildren. My grandmother at- in the shipping department. At that time would follow her. Here’s a snapshot of tended mass daily and twice on Sunday. everything was handled by hand, no where my grandmother started and how On Sunday’s she would pray for special forklifts back then, so when his health she demonstrated a work ethic and value caused him to give up his job, there was for hard work. My grandmother, no disability program back then. Evelina Leontine Larochelle was So together my grandmother born 17 March 1898 in St. Come, and grandfather formed a partner- Quebec Canada. Her parents were ship to run the store, the greenhouse Anatalie Belanger (mother of 19 and drive a school bus for the babies) and Antoine Larochelle. Winslow School Dept. My grand- In the winter, her father was a lum- mother did all the bookwork and berjack in the Maine woods and finances. Every time they decided in the spring would come down to expand their business ventures the Kennebec River in Maine on my grandfather would ask, “Do we the log drive which ended in my have the money?” and she would hometown in Winslow, Maine. answer, “yes”. My grandfather When my great grandfather secured never concerned himself with fi- a job in the paper mill in 1902, he nances, because my grandmother moved his family to Winslow. My was such a good businesswoman. grandmother, Evelina became a Their later ventures included build- U.S. citizen and voted faithfully. ing apartment buildings themselves. My grandmother wanted My grandmother work right along to be able to help her family out side the men and would work until and used forged papers saying three o’clock in the morning doing she was 16 (actually 13) to get a the dry wall and painting. The next job at the Lockwood Dutchess morning, she was up making my Cotton Mill. Children employed grandfather breakfast and ready in the mills were required to en- Evelina Larochelle Lachance to open the store at six o’clock. roll in night school. To what Lockwood Cotton Mill, ca. 1925 Their grocery store was where grade she completed, I’m not sure. people gathered to get the local news My grandmother married my intentions with the Sisters of the Blessed and to share stories, jokes and a little grandfather Joseph Lachance 21May Sacrament. Her religious devotion left a refreshment. During World War II, 1917 .They had four children Juliette, lasting impact on my life and through her when the young servicemen returned Jeanette, Raymond and Pearley (my fa- devotion my life has been very blessed. home from basic training, they would ther). They were married at St. Francis When my grandparents were first come to the store and say hello to Joe de Sales church which is the mother par- married they lived in an apartment and and Evelina. She would take out her ish for the Winslow-Waterville Catholic then started to buy the land where my par- box camera which she bought at the age Churches. This is where they attended ents now live. Each lot was 50 by 100 feet of 16 and take their picture on the front until St. John the Baptist Parish was and cost approximately $100 to $150.00 lawn. On the front lawn fashioned in founded in 1927 with Father John W. each. Back then, you could pay by the red geraniums was a big V…_, Morse Frawley as their first pastor. My grand- month at the rate of .50 cents to a dollar. code for the word victory. They always mother was a very devote Catholic and Originally they used the land to plant had a giant flagpole with an American religion was a very important part of her large vegetable gardens. They would flag and it was my dad’s job to take the life. Baptisms, First Communions and turn the harvest into hundreds of canning flag down every evening at sundown. Confirmations were significant events jars filled with vegetables for winter use My grandmother was never afraid in our lives and a time for celebration. After my grandparents built a crude (Continued on page 13) 12 Vol. 33 # 4 • PRINTEMPS/ÉTÉ (An Influential Woman ––continued As children she opened up a savings ac- from page 12) count for each of us and a special account to voice her opinion even if the receiver called a “Christmas account” that she assumed some importance. One day would put money in each week so we the pastor came by with his Cadillac would have money set aside for Christ- and stopped at the store to pump air mas. She encouraged us to save our in his tires. He proceeded to ask my babysitting money and whatever money grandmother how business was. She we earned from our part-time jobs. By answered without hesitation ‘Well if the time it was time to go to college each people only stop by to get free air for their of us had saved a significant amount of tires, business is not that good”. Half money to get started on our education. an hour later the pastor and his house- I was staying with my grandmother keeper came by to buy some groceries. when I decided to join the Air Force. I My grandfather died in 1956 at still remember that day I left for Basic the age of 58. My grandmother being Training, 17 Feb 1976. We had just re- the strong woman she was knew she ceived a foot and a half of snow the night had to keep on and went for her driver’s before and the roads hadn’t been cleared license and passed. That very first week- by the time I needed to leave to catch end she drove to Rhode Island to visit the Greyhound bus to Portland, Maine. her oldest sister. Heavy city traffic was My grandmother was in her late seven- no challenge to her. She continued to ties by this time but she was still a very Evelyn J. Lachancc operate the grocery store and manage safe driver. That particular morning she (N.D.L.R.: This arti - two school buses, plus 10 apartments. decided to call a cab because she wanted cle first appeared in The Town She was a determined woman and her to make sure I made it to the bus station Line - February 28, 2008 edition.) favorite saying was “Rest, I’ll have on time. She was always a very punctual plenty of time to do that when I die”. person and didn’t want me to be late. My grandmother also had large That was 32 years ago and it gladiola gardens which she donated to feels like only yesterday. I can still see Lachance arrives beautify the church altar. She loved her her waving from her porch and say- for duty flowers and passed that love for garden- ing “You’ll do well and you will make ing to her children and grandchildren. us proud”, as I got into the taxi cab. Department of the Air Force Civil- When we were in grade schools she My grandmother passed away ian Evelyn J. Lachance has arrived for rd would always cut us fresh lilacs, tulips March 19, 1991, two days after her 93 duty in Southwest Asia in the Persian and daffodils for us to bring to our teach- birthday after suffering a stroke while Gulf region to support the mission of ers. When I got my first house that was weeding her flower garden. My grand- Operation Enduring Freedom as a mem- the first things I planted a lilac bush, mother was one of the many influential ber of the 379th Air Expeditionary Wing. tulips and daffodils. Every spring I am women in my life who gave me the Wing members provide support for reminded of her when the first daffodils confidence to try things women didn’t do the U.S. Central Command's Air Forces begin to bloom and that long cold winter traditionally. She was a strong hardwork- mission, assisting in the full spectrum of is over and warmer days are on their way. ing business woman, faithful, patriotic fueling and aerial refueling operations My grandmother lived right next and devoted to her family. I know my to U.S. and coalition aircraft engaged door to my childhood home which made life has been blessed with my name- in the war on terrorism in the region. it easy to go visit with “Memere” to see sake and if my grandmother were here Lachance is a communica- how she was doing. That was the code today, I know she would say “You have tions plans flight commander with 32 word “Let’s go see what new cookies she done well, you have made us proud.” years of federal government service. had baked”. She would always have a She is the daughter of Pearley and jar of fresh cookies waiting for us and Submitted by: Alice Lachance of Halifax St., Winslow. would tell us to help ourselves. My Evelyn Lachance, In 1974, Lachance graduated from grandmother always had time to talk no YC-2, DAF Mount Merici Academy, Waterville, and re- matter what the topic. She loved to hear 379ECS/SCX ceived a master's degree in 1995 from Cen- about what we were doing in school, Plans Flight Com- tral Michigan University, Dayton, Ohio. college and later in our family lives. mander My grandmother being the busi- 5 Mar 2008 ness woman she was taught us at an early age how important it was to save a little of our allowances and later on paychecks. 13 Le Forum “Franco-American Day at the State House” Wednesday , March 19, 2007, was the seventh annual Franco-Ameri- can Day at the State House, a day to celebrate French heritage in Maine during the International Francophone Week. Also a day to honor the Franco- American Hall of Fame recipients. Inductees this year were author and historian Julie Daigle Albert of Madawaska, museum director Ra- chel Desgrosseilliers of Minot and promoters of French culture Pearley and Alice LaChance of Waterville. Also, a posthumous award was Pearley & Alice Lachance were inducted into the Franco-American Hall of given to Professor Madeline Giguere, Fame. who established Franco-American Stud- Photo: Pearley, Alice and State Senator Lisa T. Marrache (Founder of the ies as a legitimate part of college curricu- Franco-American Heritage Society of the Kennebec Valley). lum at the University of Southern Maine. severin beliveau receives french legion of honor Roving Reporter at Legion of Honor Ceremony for Beliveau in Augusta, ME http://pressherald.mainetoday.com/story.php?id=188891&ac=PHnws

Beliveau honored for cultural advocacy YORK NEIGHBORS: Les Franco Américains

By JULIANA L’HEUREUX May 22, 2008

Severin Beliveau speaks at the guishes people who bring honor to France remarks. ‘’It’s important to teach our chil- Legion of Honor ceremonies at the and promote French culture. It was dren about our French heritage because State House Hall of Flags last week. presented to Beliveau, a Maine lawyer, we are part of American history,’’ he said. Severin Beliveau’s humble last week in Augusta by French Ambas- ‘’North Americans today might French ancestors arrived in Canada sador to the United States Pierre Vimont. be speaking French as our prima- 12 generations ago. They made the Governor John Baldacci hosted the cer- ry language, rather than English, if arduous journey in the mid-17th cen- emony in the State House Hall of Flags. France won the French and Indian War tury to settle the country mapped by Franco-Americans continue to con- conflicts,’’ he said. ‘’This long his- French explorer Samuel de Champlain, nect with their French heritage, despite tory is something for us to think about.’’ who founded Quebec City in 1608. many years of adversity, said Vimont. In French language, culture, and Those adventurous French pio- fact, Maine’s Franco-Americans over- history were in the limelight at the neers could not foresee how one of their came the stigma of ethnic and religious dis- State House when Vimont presented descendents would eventually be recog- crimination to achieve economic stability, Beliveau with the Legion of Honor. nized as an advocate for their culture, while remembering their rich traditions. Children from L’Ecole Francaise and subsequently become successful Nevertheless, many of today’s du Maine, a French immersion school enough to receive their country’s highest Franco-Americans are less aware than in Freeport, sang the American national award. This is especially ironic given the previous generations of their pioneer- anthem in English. They followed by low esteem in which Franco-American ing French ancestry. Rather, they are singing ‘’La Marseilles,’’ the French na- descendents had been held in the past. assimilated into the American culture. tional anthem written in 1792, in French. The Legion of Honor, created in ‘’We need to be proud of our histo- Several generations of Beliveau’s 1802 by Napolean Bonapart, distin- ry,’’ said Beliveau, during his acceptance (Continued on page 15) 14 Vol. 33 # 4 • PRINTEMPS/ÉTÉ (severin beliveau receives french legion of honor continued from page 14) Cynthia Beliveau friends, family and well-wishers gathered and the couple’s four to celebrate with Franco-Americans who attended by invitation from the governor. sons joined Severin Beliveau was joined by his wife, Cynthia, Beliveau with Maine and their four sons during ceremonies Governor John Bal- conducted from a podium situated be- dacci and French tween an American and a French flag. Ambassador to the Baldacci congratulated Beliveau as an accomplished Maine lawyer and US Pierre Vimont former state legislator who supports

Maine’s French heritage and culture. Photo by Juliana L'Heureux In 2004, Beliveau helped the governor lead a trade mission to France which successfully brought economic and cul- tural business into Maine, said Vimont. ‘’This is a wonderful occasion to recognize Maine’s Franco-Ameri- cans who make up 25 percent of our state’s population,’’ Baldacci said. French Ambas- Maine State Sen. John Martin is sador Pierre Vimont a French-speaking French-Acadian and Franco-American from Eagle Lake in and Severin Beliveau Aroostook County. ‘’We’re all very happy for Severin today,’’ said Martin. Rep. Paulette Beaudoin, D-Bidd- eford, spoke about her Franco-American heritage. She was born in Biddeford and Photo by Juliana L'Heureux speaks French. ‘’This is a day for us to be proud of our heritage,’’ she said. Norman Beaupre, a Biddeford na- tive, French-language writer and profes- sor emeritus said the prestigious award is deserved recognition for Beliveau’s 16 Severin Beliveau receives French years of good work serving as the French Legion of Honor in Augusta Maine May Honorary Consul in Maine. ‘’He deserves 13, 2008Severin Beliveau receives this important recognition,’’ said Beaupre. Beliveau’s speech reflect- ed on his family’s French Canadi- an and Acadian heritage. His father was the son of Quebec immigrants

Photo by Juliana L'Heureux who settled in Lewiston and Rumford. ‘’Indeed, all French-Canadians and Franco-Americans are recognized by the presentation of this esteemed award from the French government,’’ he said.

About the reporter: timore Orioles despite protests from my Juliana L’Heureux Boston Red Sox neighbors. My husband of 40 years is retired Navy, and I was a Executive Director of The Maine Navy Wife for thirteen years. We love Association of Mental Health Services. I living in Maine in the summertime, but grew up in Baltimore (Dundalk), Mary- we’re always preparing for another winter. land. http://davidrcrews2.blogspot.com/ Therefore, I continue to root for the Bal- http://www.frenchlegionofhonor.blogspot.com/ 15 Le Forum jusqu’aux années 60. Une réunion des Le KKK Au Maine Selon Dr. raquetteurs (à neige) en Lewiston dans les années 30 a commencé Les Diables Mark Richard Rouges. Même aujourd’hui, il y a une (N.D.L.R. Cette article a été imprimé dans le “Saint John Valley Times” de réunion des raquetteurs francophones Madawaska, Maine en 2004. ) de partout en Lewiston chaque année.

Ellsworth, Maine par Nicole Ouellette, Ellsworth Je pense que la plupart des gens [email protected] ne connaissent pas qu’on a eu le KKK au [email protected] Maine. Pouvez-vous raconter ou, quand, et pourquoi le KKK a survécu au Maine? Le premier fois que j’ai rencontré sur, j’ai accepté. J’ai lui parlé de ce que Dr. Mark Richard était à un dîner pour j’ai voulait faire dans une année et il Dans les années 20, le Washing- Dr. Fried, un professeur en visite de m’a donné quelques suggestions et j’ai ton Post a vérifié qu’il y avait 150,000 l’Université de Strasbourg en France, décide d’écrire ma thèse sur l’histoire de membres du Klan partout. Au même qui est en train de créer un projet de la paroisse Sainte-Famille, la paroisse de moment, il y avait 150,000 catholiques « développement durable » avec le ma famille. Après j’ai réussit, il m’a en- au Maine. Il faut vérifier mais il me Centre Franco-américain à Orono. Il y couragé à poursuivre un doctorat en his- semble que le KKK était présent proche avait une dîner pour M. Fried avec des toire. Il m’a encourage d’écrire l’histoire des centres Franco-Américains. Par membres de la communauté, les profes- des Franco-américains de Lewiston. exemple, Lewiston, une ville franco- seurs et étudiants de UMFK, et autres phone avait Auburn à coté. Les WASPs personnes intéressés. M. Richard a parlé Q u e l l e s s o n t d e s (« White Anglo-Saxton Protestants » de sa thèse de matrise à l’Université du qualités des Franco-Améri- qui étaient dès fois membres du KKK) Maine à propos des Franco-Américains cains comme groupe? Com- ont habité à Auburn et ont étudié à Bates en Lewiston et j’ai su qu’il était un ment est-ce que on peut et Bowdoin. La plus grande assemblée homme très intéressant. A l’epoque de les comparer aux autres du KKK n’était pas au Mississippi ou cette interview, il faisait sa recherche sur groupes des immigrants? Alabama mais en Milo, Maine! Dans le Klu Klux Klan au Maine et plus spéci- la Vallée Saint-Jean, il y a des rumeurs fiquement, dans la Vallée Saint-Jean. Ils sont fiertés dans leur travail mais pas tout a fait qu’il y avait une croix allumée (un signe Comment est-ce que vous dans leur langue et leur cul- de victoire du Klan) à Madawaska dans avez choisi l’histoire des Fran- ture. Ils ont aussi un sens d’humeur, ils ai- les années 20 ou 30. Plus certainement, co-américains comme étude? ment beaucoup taquiner des autres. Ils ont il y a un portrait du Klan dans un défilé aussi une joie de vivre : une appréciation à New Sweden dans les années 20. J’étais né à Lewiston. Lorsque de bon nourriture, musique, danse et des P e n s e z - v o u s q u e c e j’étais jeune, Lewiston avait un caractère autres choses qui rendre la vie plus riche. groupe a beaucoup changé les at- bilingue et rural. Par exemple, chaque Comme vous savez, il y avait titudes vers les français au Maine? messe avait au mois une lecture en fran- beaucoup de discrimination contre les çais. Mes parents sont francophones et le Français, la plupart qui était catholique et Les lois contre l’enseignement de français est ma langue maternelle. Quand qui n’a pas parlé anglais et les Anglais, la français a été passé en 1919. Le Klan, qui j’ai commencé l’école, j’avais besoin plupart qui était protestant et qui n’a pas était contre les minorités ethniques en gé- d’apprendre l’anglais et le français est parlé français. Carol Wright, Commissure nérale, avait des hautes positions en pub- devenu une langue étrangère. C’est la de Le Bureau des Statistiques du Travail, lique. Par exemple, la plupart des patrons même histoire j’entend beaucoup dans a appelé les Français qui sont venus pour étaient les membres du Klan. Ce contrôle la Vallée Saint-Jean. Lorsque j’ai com- travailler au Maine et des autres états publique (mais pas paroissial) a accéléré mencé ma matrise, j’ai voulu étudier d’est « les chinois d’est » parce que à l’attitude contre les Français et après l’histoire et comme je suis Franco-am- cette époque, il y avait beaucoup des la discrimination contre les Français. erician le directeur des « Graduate chinois à l’ouest des États-Unis qui sont C’est intéressant parce que même Students » m’a indique qu’il y avait un venu de la Chine de travailler. Comme aujourd’hui, on peut voir chez le Congrès professeur qui était en train d’offrir des les chinois, les Français ont travaillé et le Sénat cette manque de représenta- cours d’histoire des Franco-américains. pour gagner l’argent pour retourner au tion : seulement une quinzaine de 151 J’ai fait la connaissance de mon directoire pays natal et ils ont parlé leur langue membres dans le Congrès et trois ou qua- de thèse, C. Stewart Doty. Dr. Doty a écrit et ne voulaient pas apprendre l’anglais. tre de 35 membres du Sénat ont des noms “Acadian Hard Times : The First Franco Les Français sont restés ensemble francophones! Je me demande si ces chif- Americans”…Il m’a invité d’étudier et ont formé des groupes. Dans l’années fres représentent l’assimilation des Fran- avec lui comme étude indépendant sur 1890, il y avait un groupe « Loyaux l’historie des Franco-américains et bien mais Canadiens Français » qui ont duré (Suite page 17) 16 Vol. 33 #4 • PRINTEMPS/ÉTÉ (Le KKK Au Maine Selon Dr. réussit, devant ses agresseurs, il a affirmé son Adhésion au Centre Mark Richard suite de page 16) choix de voter avec les Democrats, qui étaient de la francophonie plus compatissants vers les Franco-Améric- co-Américains ou l’attitude contre les Franco- des Amériques ains. La situation qui montre la fierté de les Américains qui persiste même aujourd’hui. Je Franco-Américains le plus c’est qu’ils avaient pense que les Franco-Américains au Maine Nous invitons à devenir membre du le choix de changer leurs surnoms dans les sont plus que 10% de la population du Maine. Centre de la francophonie des Amériques, années 20 et 30 pour améliorer leur situation qui sera une organisation représentative, économique et personnelle mais 80% ont Est-ce que vous avez des his- rassembleuse des forces vives de la franco- choisi de garder leur surnom français. C’est toires de gens qui ont résisté le phonie sur le continent. Son ambition est de pourquoi aujourd’hui beaucoup des gens au Klan et des autres « hate groups »? susciter une adhésion large et une participa- Maine et ailleurs ont des surnoms français. tion active des individus et des organismes.

L’éditeur de Le Messenger, le jour- Pour devenir membre, une personne Je ne sais pas ce que vous nal francophone de Lewiston, était fier et a doit résider en Amérique, c’est-à-dire y en pensez mais je suis plus fière monté l’esprit des gens. Comme j’ai dit tout avoir son adresse pricipale ou sa principale d’être une « Ouellette » maintenant. a l’heure, le devise « Loyaux mais Canadiens place d’affaires, adhérer à la mission du Français » était très populaire dans le 18ieme Centre et remplir un formulaire d’adhésion Nicole Ouellette est écrivaine indepen- siècle. Je me souviens d’une historie que j’ai suivant les modalités administratives prévues dante avec un blog en francais sur le site-webb lu à Bowdoin : un monsieur a été attaqué à par le Centre. L’adhésion au Centre dure d’Ellsworth American et Franco-American, une endroit publique parce qu’il était franco- deux ans et elle est renouvelable et gratuite. News and Events...8. Elle “blog” egalement phone. Mais il a battu contre ses agresseurs Les membres du Centre de la fran- en anglais sur son blog, Breaking Even. et il a insisté parler le français. Après avoir cophonie des Amériques pourront notam- ment participer aux assemblées générales Query: Our Grand- Roland, and nine others. (*picture available) et spéciales ainsi qu’à l’élection de cer- mother (who was interviewed Annais Fafard’s parents: Our Maternal tains membres du conseil d’administration. Great-Great-Grandfather: Louis Fafard (dit Tout individu ou organisme dont when she was in her 90s): Longval), born 13 Jan 1851 in St Hugues, l’adresse est dans les Amériques peut de- Quebec, Canada; died 1907 in St Eugene, venir membre du Centre de la franco- Marie Blanche Gravel, born 19 Jul Drummond, Quebec, Canada. He was the son phonie des Amériques en remplissant le 1901 in St. Eugene, Quebec, Canada; died of Isaie Fafard (dit Longval) and Emerence formulaire d’adhésion à l’adresse suivante : [ 10 May 1995 in Lebanon, Grafton, New Richard. He married M Audalie Dumaine. Hampshire, United States of America. She Our Maternal Great- Great-Grand- http://centredelafrancophonie- was the daughter of David Gravel and An- mother: Marie Audalie Dumaine* (Eusebe) desameriques.com/fr/membership/ nais Fafard [dit LaFramboise (Longval)]. She was born 1853 in St Guillaume /OR/ St. had seven children (at least): Rita, Charles, Eugene de Grantham, Quebec, Canada, and Jean-Baptiste St. Sauveur dit Domine, born Jeannine, Marcel, Roland, and Agathe Marie died 13 Jan 1918 in St Eugene, De Grantham, Abt. 22 Jun 1871; died 23 Aug 1943 in St. Dionne and Claudette Lisa Marie--twins Quebec, Canada. She married Louis Fa- Eugene de Grantham, PQ CAN. He was the that died early in their first year of life. She fard [dit Longval] , son of Isaie Fafard [dit son of Louis Domine dit St. Sauveur and Julie went by the names Blanche, and Rose, was Longval] and Emerence Richard. Alternate Lambert. He married Alphonsine Marie St. a Life Member of the Ste. Anne Society and name: Olalie. She had 16 children (at least): Sauveur 23 Apr 1900 in St. David, PQ CAN. member of the Ladies of the Moose Lodge Annais and 15 others. (*picture available) Our Paternal Great-Grandmother: #1201. She was a spunky, spirited woman, David Gravel’s parents: Our Maternal Alphonsine Marie St. Sauveur, born 03 with a crafty wit. Although she lived in the Great-Great-Grandfather: Francis Xavier Oct 1875 in St. Eugene de Grantham, PQ USA for over 60 years, she refused to speak Gravel, born 1827 in Riviere-Des-Prai- CAN; died 19 Jun 1964 in St. Eugene de English. She understood lots more than she ries, Quebec, Canada; died 18 May 1914 Grantham, PQ CAN. She was the daughter let on so that she’d find out what people were in St Paul, Ramsey, Minnesota, USA. He of Leon Joseph St. Sauveur and Marie Paul- really thinking when they’d talk in front of was the son of Joseph Gravel and Angele Hus (said to be a of Native American or of her thinking she didn’t understand a thing. Lagarde. He married Rose Lima Doyon. Russian descent). They had 3+ children She raised her brothers and sisters pretty Our Maternal Great-Great-Grand- (at least): Theobald, Eva, and Arthur. Mar- much because her dad was an alcoholic and mother: Rose Lima Doyon, missing data. riage: 23 Apr 1900, St. David, PQ CAN. had abandoned the family; he later commit- Our Grandfather (Marie Blanche’s hus- ted suicide, or so I have been told. Cause of band): Arthur Doria St. Sauveur, born 23 Jan I hope this helps. If you have any death: metastatic breast cancer. she also had 1902 in Woonsocket, Providence, RI, USA; information about our Memere’s inter- scoliosis, osteoporosis. She was Catholic. from obituary; died 04 Apr 1979 in Claremont, view, we would greatly appreciate it. Her parents: Our Maternal Great- Sullivan, NH, USA. He was the son of Jean- Grandfather: David Gravel, He was the Baptiste St. Sauveur and Alphonsine St. Sau- Email: Lucy Proulx son of Francis Xavier Gravel and Rose veur. He married Marie Blanche Gravel. He Lima Doyon. He married Annais Fafard. attended St. Mary High School, was a Mem- olucycricket@gmail Our Maternal Great-Grandmother: An- ber of the Fr. Cote Council #1820 Knights of nais Fafard*, born 1876 in St Eugene, , Que- Columbus, the Loyal Order of Moose Lodge or mail: bec, Canada; died 02 Jan 1920. She was the #1201, worked for 17 years at Claremont daughter of Louis Fafard and M Audalie Du- Convector Company and Whipple Paper Con- 755 S. 12th St. maine. She had 15 children (at least): Wilfred, verter, Inc. (the paper mills). He was Catholic. San Jose, CA 95112 Albert, Simmone, Adriene, Marie Blanche, Our Paternal Great-Grandfather: 17 Le Forum

heirloom roses of the palest pink and yel- elaborate Friday night dinners that used GOLDEN low, that cheered me so during the long ingredients my grandfather would pick weeks I lay with typhoid fever. I miss the up on Thursday afternoons. Her name THREADS candy dish, a matte cobalt blue glass bowl was Virginie Canetti, and she was a dis- by Lina C. Marks nestled in an art nouveau pewter basket tant cousin of Elias Canetti, the winner that my mother filled with chocolates of the 1981 Nobel Prize in Literature, a Brookline, MA 02446 from the town’s poshest confiserie to factoid I sometimes bring up to create I admire the elegance and so- offer our guests. No, there are no rooms interest at parties. I regret not knowing phistication of modern décor, chrome to warm me with the patina of memo- more about my mother’s brother, Nisso, lamps, glass tables, suede couches, big ries. I remember only the great silence because his story sounds intriguing: a splashy oils, but if Aladdin’s lamp were of my parents who never volunteered journalist who angered the Turkish gov- mine to rub, I would wish for the warmth details about their own pasts and, sadly, ernment with his outspokenness. Had his of a room full of antiques: early Ameri- I lacked the wisdom to anticipate how articles condemned the genocide of the can furniture; soft sofa and armchairs much this void would trouble me one day. Armenians? There is no one left in my upholstered in muted velvet; curtains I met a New Mexican last year family to confirm the facts. I know he made of ecru embroidered linen; glowing whose family tree stretches back into fled to Bulgaria, followed by his parents parquet floor covered with an old Orien- the early seventeenth century on both and unmarried sisters. Ah, yes, one more tal rug; brass floor lamps and Chinese sides of his family. I can’t imagine a thing: when my two-year old mother peachblow table lamps highlighting the family tree showing four hundred years played in the big garden behind the house ornamental pieces, my children’s pictures worth of relatives; how could it all fit – the one with the wisteria arbor and in their silver frames, the paintings on the on a single sheet of paper? How large a the many rose bushes – she was almost walls, and the large embroidery above piece ? I can’t imagine seeing my first carried off by an eagle that hooked its the couch. And to cap it all, there, in name repeated through generations: the talons into the big bow at her back. What the corner near the window, a tall ficus Sephardic tradition calls for the first girls else do I know? It’s frustrating: I have tree potted in a heavy bronze jardinière. and first boys to be named after their four been racking my brain for years to find I have dreamed of this room since I grandparents in a strict order: first the fa- more nuggets and have come up empty was old enough to care about such things, ther’s parents, then the mother’s parents. every time. Did I really not learn any- and I have always known that I would feel Thus, my father and his sister each have a thing else? Or have I simply forgotten? gladdened every time I entered it. But why Lina and a René. I can’t imagine study- Two photographs reveal the faces do I feel this way? Why do I envy those ing the relationships among various cous- of relatives, some of whom I hardly who live surrounded by family heirlooms ins, close or distant, and getting a flash of knew. One shows my mother as one centuries old, who can trace their ancestry understanding: oh, that’s my great-great- of six students at Teachers College in for generations? At times, I wonder if it aunt, not hers; or discovering there had Paris. They are wearing somber dresses is the affluence they convey that appeals been a whole side of my father’s family of a dark fabric – is that what they called to me; I am surer, though, that the answer no one ever talked about, wondering bombazine? – with wide white collars. lies in the rootlessness that has kept my what scandal they might be hiding from Large black “butterfly” bows hold their family from accumulating the chattel me. An embezzler? A cousin involved in hair back at the nape. Decades later, I that creates continuity with one’s past. an illicit love affair? An unwed mother met one her friends in New York, but My parents couldn’t carry much who had brought shame to the family? I couldn’t recognize her in the picture. beyond their clothes when they migrated What do I know? I know that They are posed around three sides of a in the early 1920’s from Turkey to Nice, both my parents were born in Edirne, long table, four seated and two stand- France, where I was born. During WWII, a historical Turkish city located four ing, apparently listening to their teacher the Germans played rapine with our be- miles from the Greek border and twelve seated at the other end as he reads from longings. After the war, we migrated to miles from the Bulgarian one, creating a a large textbook. The man, only slightly America, again taking with us just what confluence of three distinct cultures. I older than they are, is also dressed in so- my mother considered worth packing: our know that my paternal grandfather was ber black, with a crisply contrasting white clothes, some embroidered linens, and named Nissim and that he died when my shirt and a handkerchief peaking from his the photo albums that help me recall the father was two years old, but not how. I breast pocket. My mother is the prettiest. friends of my adolescence. On reflection, know my paternal grandmother’s name Her face has no sharp angles and does not I am surprised she allowed me that. Of was Luna Mitrani. I know my name is foretell the black looks she would shoot course, I know we couldn’t take my cher- a gallicized version of hers. I know that later whenever she was angry with me. ished Biedermeier secretary with those my maternal grandfather’s name was The other photo is a studio group fascinating cubbies, shelves to hold my Chapat Aaron Behar and that he dealt in portrait of my mother’s family in a books, drop-down work space, drawers woolen yard goods. I know my maternal composition of symmetrical precision. for my clothes. But I do miss that heavy grandmother was an elegant woman who My grandparents are seated a few feet silvered cast iron kettle, holding untidy ran a formal household and prepared (Continued on page 19) 18 Vol. 33 # 4 • PRINTEMPS/ÉTÉ (Golden Threads continued from page 18) to a long past. I am disappointed my was not so lucky. The crib cover is a apart: he is solidly built, with smooth children do not show much interest in spectacular piece of needlework, three white hair and a compact gray mustache them. I want to warn them that they may feet square, of heavy pale blue satin below a nose that is just a smidgen wider be sorry one day. On the other hand, covered almost entirely with thick gold than average; she is slender and appears perhaps I should be glad: they may know thread and bullion embroidery. In spite taller than he, a regal presence. A thick a security I have never experienced. of some gracefully curving stems, the three-inch fringe hangs from the armrest Sometime during the last three overall design is primitive and stiffly beneath his left hand and, between his months in 1943, the Gestapo came for us stylized: four flowers crossing in the legs, one gets a glimpse of more fringe during one of their nightly sweeps. Our center – it makes me think of a compass trimming the seat. Why do I notice the apartment in Nice was empty because – and clumsy bouquets jutting towards discrepancy between his elaborate chair we had already fled some weeks earlier the center from each of the four corners. and her plain wooden one? Between into the French countryside; thus, we The fabric is in remarkable condition them stands their youngest daughter, escaped deportation to some concentra- even if faded and wrinkled in the spaces eight-year old Suzanne, holding a hoop. tion camp. The Nazis’ mission for the between the stitching – all in all, a sa- On the left side, with her hand on her day was partly accomplished, however, lute to the quality standards of the time. mother’s shoulder, stands twelve-year old because they cleaned the apartment out, When my mother died, I inherited Anna while the next older girl, Gentille, down to the ceramic wall outlets and two heirlooms: the crib cover and one is holding her father’s shoulder on the a few sorry germinating potatoes. of my grandmother’s rings, a pretty right. Behind Suzanne, my uncle Nisso, Just as we survived in hiding, Victorian arrangement of a center rose- the oldest sibling, looking exactly cut diamond encircled by smaller like his father down to the mustache, stones that I prized more than the forms the apex of the arrangement, flashy ring made out of my mother’s with my mother, Colomba, on his twin diamond studs. A few years left and her older sister, Dora, on his ago, my house was burglarized and right. Since this is a sepia shot, it is now my pretty rose diamond ring is impossible to tell the colors of the gone. What I have left of my family’s dresses, but I think they are made of past are a few historical shreds, two silk in mid-tones. Again, the two older photographs, and the crib cover that girls wear the large butterfly bows acquired a different status with each that must have been the fashion at the generation: once lovingly folded in time, while the other three sport white my grandmother’s hope chest, then ribbon concoctions on the top of their casually rolled under my mother’s bed, heads. The girls look very different and now hanging in the place of honor and, yet, whenever I saw the three above the couch in my living room. sisters together – Colomba, Anna, and Maybe the upheavals in my life have sensitized me to the fate of other Suzanne – at family dinners in New thanks to the help of French Catholics uprooted groups, people who have fared York, I would teasingly call them “three who passed us from friends to friends worse than I: a new generation of survi- peas in a pod”: it may be they developed of friends until we were safe, so did a vors. I think of Sadam’s gassing of the the Behar nose, and thus a deeper re- few assets my parents had entrusted to Kurds; of the Srebenica massacre; of the semblance, as adults. It is an attractive the Alazets, our neighbors on the sixth Darfur genocide; of the Somali anarchy. family, but no one is smiling, probably floor. They were the parents of my best I think of the tsunami, of Katrina, of the because they are obeying the photogra- friend Lucette whose friendship proved Mexican mudslides, the Japanese earth- pher’s orders to “hold it, hold it.” Again, invaluable throughout our troubled years. quake, of all those others who never made perhaps out of wishful thinking, I spot a The items were kept in a small strongbox the news or whom I have forgotten. What softness in my mother’s face and bear- that had been stored under my parents’ keeps the past alive for these people? ing, somethingI do not see in the others. bed. Carelessly rolled in tissue paper, Where are their family trees? Their kettle After my aunt Anna’s death, three what is now one of my most cherished to hold pale untidy roses? Their blue glass years ago, my cousin Terry found the possessions lay next to the box. I as- candy bowl? Their mother’s pretty rose photo shoved carelessly in a drawer sume it is this proximity that saved it diamond ring? Their family picture with with other memorabilia; it was creased because it landed at the Alazets’ as well. the cracked right hand corner? Their gold and cracked across the lower right hand The crib cover, over 115 years old, was corner. She had a copy made for me that part of my grandmother’s trousseau, a embroidered cover on a new baby’s crib? I have hung at eye level in the foyer. I companion to the bride’s bedspread that often look at these two pictures, cling- had been in the care of my Uncle Nisso, ing to the shallow roots they represent until the Gestapo came to arrest him; he and to the illusion that they connect me managed to escape, but the bedspread Photo by Mimi Katz 19 Le Forum (N.D.L.R. 3ème installment de le début de la crise en 1640, « certains fils et d’Élisabeth Couillard du 27 no- François Bélanger, soumis par Jim serviteurs » de Giffard ont rêvé des prés vembre 1645 qui reçoit lui aussi autant Bélanger, NH) communs attribués à Pierre Gagnon dans d’arpents « faisant le reste d’une pièce son contrat de concession par la Cie de de terre de laquelle François Bélanger François Beaupré. Cette innovation d’importance a eu deux arpents… ». Les deux enfants Bélanger et causa dans la seigneurie de Beauport Marie et Jean pourront en jouir pour la où les prés étaient forts pauvres et ap- culture jusqu’au décès de leur père4. Marie Guyon à partenaient à Giffard une perturbation François Bélanger et Marie Guyon Beauport telle qu’il fut menacé de perdre bon ont aussi possédé, de 1663 à 1689, une (1634-1641) nombre de ses censitaires dans la force autre portion de six perches 13 pieds Giffard a-t-il concédé une terre de l’âge. Il tenta un effort désespéré pour neuf pouces par la profondeur du fief enrayer la débandade. Il passa le 15 mai Du Buisson. Dès le règlement final et à François Bélanger? 1642, à l’exception des prairies depuis la à l’amiable de la succession de Jean rivière Du Buisson jusqu’à la rivière de Guyon le 19 octobre 1668 devant Maître Juridiquement, Giffard, malgré les Beauport, un bail à pâturage de trois ans Vachon, ils en héritèrent. À Jean, l’aîné exhortations du gouverneur Montmagny, avec Jean Guyon père, Zacharie Cloutier des garçons qui avait contesté plusieurs n’a concédé en roture qu’une seule terre père, Noël Langlois, Jean Côté, Martin fois le testament de son père en raison de avant 1644, soit celle à Noël Langlois le Grouvel et James Bourguignon3. Égale- son droit d’aînesse lésé, fut octroyée, sans 29 juin 1637, lui octroyant 300 arpents. ment, comme nous l’avons mentionné, tirage au sort, « la portion numéro un qui Il est certain qu’il en a concédé verbale- Giffard retardait à concéder des terres. joignait les terres du bourg de Fargy ainsi ment à quelques-uns avant de les céder Mais sous la pression de la crise du foin, qu’un arpent et demi de terre, sur lequel officiellement1. L’a-t-il fait pour François il commença vers 1644 à officialiser les étaient situés la maison, les bâtiments, la Bélanger et pour les six «autres déser- terres promises depuis longtemps (Grou- basse-cour et le jardin ». Les sept autres teurs» de Beauport pour la seigneurie de vel : 1644; Bourguignon et Côté : 1645). portions, tirées au sort cette fois par une « Beaupré dont les noms sont mentionnés Les terres possédées à Beauport petite fille âgée de six ans environ » furent sur la carte de Bourdon de 1641. Jean et par François Bélanger furent des por- attribuées, d’ouest en est et dans l’ordre Simon Guyon, Zacharie et Jean Cloutier, tions données à son épouse Marie suivant, à Michel, Denis, Simon, Marie Robert Drouin et François Bélanger n’ont Guyon par son père Jean qui lui octroya, (François Bélanger), François, Claude pas attendu la solution définitive de la en cadeau de noces, « la jouissance de et Barbe (Pierre Paradis)5. Ultérieure- crise du foin à Beauport en 1647 pour deux arpents de terre en labour seiz au- ment, le 21 mars 1689, Marie Guyon, par changer de seigneurie et cela malgré dict beauport ». Ceci est confirmé dans l’intermédiaire de son fils aîné Charles 2 les promesses verbales de Giffard . Dès le contrat de mariage de Jean Guyon (Suite page 21) (N.D.L.R. 3rd installment by of Beauport whose names are inscribed was made which allowed the prairies François Bélanger, submitted by Jim on the Bourdon map of 1641? Jean & from the Du Buisson River to the Beau- Bélanger, NH) Simon Guyon, Zacharie & Jean Cloutier, port River, to be used as pasturage for a Robert Drouin and François Belanger did three year period. This agreement was François not wait for a solution to the hay crisis of originated by Jean Guyon the father, Bélanger et Beauport in 1647 to relocate their farm- Zacharie Cloutier the father, Noel Lan- ing activities to a different Seigneurie glois, Jean Cote, Martin Grouvel and Marie Guyon à regardless of the verbal promises from James Bourguignon.3 Accordingly, as 2 Beauport Giffard. Since the beginning of the hay we have mentioned, Giffard held back in (1634-1641) crisis of 1640, several servants of Giffard granting additional concessions of land. had dreamt of communal lands as a re- But, under the pressure resulting from D i d G i f f a r d g r a n t a sult of the wording in Pierre Gagnon’s the hay crisis, about 1644 he ratified the farm to François Belanger? contract regarding land concessions farms promised a long time before (Grou- with the Company of Beaupre. This vel: 1644; Bourguignon and Cote: 1645). Legally, Giffard, in spite of the important innovative idea caused a big The lands owned by François exhortations by Governor Montmagny, problem in the Seigneurie of Beauport Belanger at Beauport were portions of did not concede any land in tenant farms where the pasture was rare and further land given to his wife Marie Guyon by except one before 1644. This one to more belonged to Giffard. This pertur- her father Jean who had carved them out Noel Langlois on 29 June 1637, surveyed bation was such that Giffard feared the as a wedding gift. “la jouissance de deux out to be 300 acres. It is certain that loss of many of his “censitaires”, young arpents de terre en labour seix audict he parceled some out verbally before and in very good health. As a result, 1 beauport” (the giving of two acres of he actually did so legally. Did he do it Giffard made a desperate effort to avoid land in cultivation at the said Beauport). for François Belanger and the six other their abandonment of the Seigneurie. This is confirmed in the marriage con- deserters of Beauport for the Seigneurie On 15 May 1642, an agreement (Continued on page 21) 20 Vol. 33 # 4 • PRINTEMPS/ÉTÉ (François Bélanger de page 20) L’an dernier, la récolte fut bonne terre d’un arpent sur le Cap Diamant, la nous dit le Père Le Jeune dans sa Rela- à qui elle avait donné une procuration présence de Giffard à son mariage (1634) tion de 1636. Pour cette année, il y aura en date du 21 décembre16886, vendit et au baptême de son fils Louis (1635) de quoi nourrir 20 personnes. En 1635, devant Maître Rageot sa part de « six confirme qu’il fut parmi les moissonneurs « l’été fut sèche »? Depuis Pâques jusqu’à 8 et demie à sept perches de front » à son de 1635 . Ces pionniers de Beauport la mi-juin presque pas de pluie. Grands frère François marié à Marie-Madeleine sont présents, d’une manière assidue, feux de forêt. Deux sauvages brûlent en Marsollet7. La somme de 380 livres tour- dès les premiers contrats avec Giffard. pleins bois ». Au dire d’Edmond Gir- nois, selon ce même contrat, sera remise Pour la septième personne présente à la oux, les effets furent moins néfastes car à Charles Aubert de Lachenayes à titre récolte de 1635, nous devons choisir entre Giffard avait ensemencé à trois endroits de constitution de rente par Marie Guyon François Bélanger et Jamen Bourguignon différents, près de la rivière de Beauport, dont la quittance ne sera réglée réelle- qui aurait été, selon Muriel Laroche- à l’est et à l’ouest du fief Du Buisson. 9 ment que le 24 décembre 1715 entre les Montpetit, commis des Cent-Associés . De nombreuses sources variées héritiers de Charles Aubert et de François Lequel parmi Bourguignon et Bélanger et synthétisées dans le tableau que nous Guyon. Celui-ci devenait progressive- serait le septième moissonneur? Nous reportons à la fin, tels les contrats, les ment propriétaire des parts des autres ne pouvons trancher pour la septième registres de baptême, de sépulture, de co-héritiers de telle sorte qu’en 1696, personne car il y a, selon M. Trudel, mariage, nous guiderons pour retracer il possédait les 7/8 du fief Du Buisson. de l’incertitude sur l’année d’arrivée ces moissonneurs de 1635 et de 1636. de chacun qu’il fixe à 1636. Mais l’un Identifier les personnes dans l’entourage et l’autre sont certainement parmi les Qui sont les moissonneurs de de Giffard, c’est aussi les localiser. Nous moissonneurs de 1636 et parmi les huit 1635 et de 1636? identifions, d’une façon certaine, comme engagés dont parle ce même auteur10. personnes présentes aux moissons de Ce temps des moissons de 1636 Une autre question se pose pour 1635, Jean Guyon, Zacharie Cloutier, était aussi le temps des amours puisqu’en savoir si François Bélanger faisait partie Noël Langlois, Martin Grouvel et Robert juillet de cette année, François Bélanger des sept moissonneurs de 1635 et de Drouin. Même si Côté hésite à s’installer 1636 dont parle le Père dans sa Relation. à Beauport puisqu’il possède en 1636 une (Suite page 28)

Le sieur Giffard, qui n’a défriché que durant deux ans, et encor laissant plusieurs souches, espère recueillir cette année, si son bled correspond à celui qu’il monstre maintenant, pour nourrir vingt personnes; dès l’an passé, il recueillit hjuit poinçons de fourment, deux poinçons de pois, trois poinçons de bled d’inde; et tout cela au moyen des sept hommes qui ont encore été bien divertis à bastir, à faire des foins, et à d’autres manufactures…. (Relations des Jésuites, 1636). Un poinçoin équivaut à 320 litres.

(François Bélanger continued from because he felt he should be the sole brother François married to Marie Mad- page 20) inheritor due to his first born status, was eleine Marsolle.7 The sum of 380 pounds left a parcel without an exact description, (tournois value) in the same contract, was tract of Jean Guyon the son and Elisa- “that portion number one which joins the given to Charles Aubert de Lachenayes beth Couillard on 27 November 1645 farms of the Bourg de Fargy and an acre to prepay rent for Marie Guyon although when they received an equal amount and a half of land on which is located the sum was not actually received until 24 “comprising the remainder of a tract of the house, the buildings, the lower yard December 1715 by the heirs of Charles land where François Belanger already and the garden”. The seven other parcels Aubert and of François Guyon. This last received two acres”. The two children, drawn lots by a “young girl aged about progressively became owner of the other Marie and Jean, can enjoy the land for six years” were allocated as follows, 4 portions of land of the other heirs until in farming until the death of their father. from West to East in the following order: 1696 he owned 7/8 of the fief Du Buisson. François Belanger and Marie Michel, Denis, Simon, Marie (François Guyon also owned, from 1663 to 1689, Belanger), François, Claude and Barbe Who are the Harvest - 5 another portion of 6 rods 13 feet 9 inches (Pierre Paradis). Ultimately, on 21 ers of 1635 and of 1636? in width in the fief Du Buisson. At the March 1689, Marie Guyon, represented execution of the final will and testament by her oldest son Charles to whom she Another question asks if Fran- of Jean Guyon 19 October 1668 before had given power of attorney on 21 De- çois Belanger was one of the seven 6 Mayor Vachon, they inherited it. To Jean, cember 1688 , sold her portion (before harvesters of 1635 and 1636 men- the oldest of the boys who had disputed Mayor Rageot) consisting of “six and tioned in Father in his Relation. on several occasions the will of his father a half to seven rods of frontage” to her Lord Giffard, who never cleared land for more than two years and left many stumps, dreamed of a large harvest this year, as it seemed his wheat crop might come in large enough to feed 20 people. During the past year he had harvested 8 poincons of cheese, 2 poincons of peas, 3 poincons of corn on the cob and all of this with only 7 men who also were diversified and worked in construction, hayed and performed other manufacturing . . . (Relations des Jesuites, 1636). A poincon is equivilant to 320 liters. (Continued on page 28) 21 Le Forum Sitcha was protected from deporta- tion by a Stay of Deportation from the Sitcha Deported to Summer of 2004 until Dec. 10, 2007 which was maintained by the series of the Cameroon filings for the Writ of Habeas Corpus By Albert J. Marceau which began in the Spring of 2004. On Newington, CT April 25, 2007, the Second Circuit Court of Appeals remanded Sitcha’s Writ to the On Jan. 23, 2008, Richard Sitcha Bureau of Immigration Appeals (BIA). was deported to his native Cameroon On Sept. 28, 2007, the BIA upheld the photo by Felix Siewe after four years, four months, and five decision of the Immigration Judge at the days of detention by the Dept. of Home- Federal Court in Hartford who revoked land Security (DHS), without a formal asylum from Richard Sitcha on Sept. charge of committing a crime. Sitcha 18, 2003. The BIA simply reviewed the Richard Sitcha was a refugee from the Cameroon due procedure of the paperwork involved the BIA did not examine any physical to his role in aiding the families of nine in the case, and it decided that Sitcha’s evidence of torture on Sitcha’s body. people who were killed by the Douala claims for asylum did not fulfill the re- After the BIA made its decision, Operational Command, one of whom quirements for protection under Federal Sitcha’s attorney, Kevin Hoffkins, as- was accused for stealing a gas can. Sit- Law as defined by the Immigration Act of sumed that he had 60 days to make an cha came to the U.S. in April 2001, after 1965 and the United Nations Convention appeal. On Mon. Nov. 19, 2007, he sent he fled the Cameroon, and in January against Torture. In contrast, a reporter for all the necessary paperwork to Sitcha by 2003, he was granted refugee status by the Valley Advocate in Northamption, mail, which had to be signed by Sitcha, the Federal Court in Hartford, Conn. On Mass., Maureen Turner, reported on July and in turn, Sitcha had to send the pa- Sept. 18, 2003, his refugee status was 22, 2004 in her article, “No Safe Haven,” perwork back to Att. Hoffman, who in revoked because of a re-investigation by that she could see physical evidence of turn sent it to the Second Circuit Court DHS concerning his character witnesses torture on Sitcha’s body, in particular, of Appeals in New York City. However, in the Cameroon. The evidence given deep scars on the soles of his feet. The the deadline for the appeal was 30 days by DHS was not cross-examined by scars are evidence of a practice of torture after the BIA made its decision, and Sitcha’s lawyer at the time, and the Sitcha commonly used by the police in the Cam- the court did not recognize the appeal. was arrested in court. Sitcha continu- eroon, called “bastinade,” in which the Sitcha lost his Stay of Deportation on ally claimed that his life was in danger soles of the feet of the victim are beaten Dec. 10, 2007, which meant that he was if he were returned to the Cameroon. with the flat of a machete. Unfortunately, (Continued on page 20) Marcel Roy, Member, Director and Past President of FCGSC, Is Remembered

By Albert J. Marceau, Newington, CT

Marcel Julian Roy, a member, a more of Highland Village, Texas. long-time director and a past President Marcel Roy was elected as of the French-Canadian Genealogical a Director of the FCGSC on Sat. Society of Connecticut, died on Easter May 16, 1987, serving from Sept. Thursday, March 27, 2008, after strug- 1, 1987 to Aug. 31, 1989, and gling to survive cancer of the kidneys. he replaced one of the founders “Marcel Roy dances with Bobbie Paradis, left, He was born on July 17, 1932, and he was of the society, Marcel Guerard. and Estelle Gothberg on his right, and others, 75 years, and eight months old when he The report about his election in at the 25th Anniversary of the FCGSC, Sat. died. Before his retirement, he worked the Summer 1987 issue of the Oct. 7, 2006, at the Lodge at Crandall Park, as an electronics technician and inspec- Connecticut Maple Leaf effec- Tolland, Conn. Photo by Albert J. Marceau.” tor at the Dynamics Control Corporation tively defined the character of in South Windsor, Conn., and he earned his service to the FCGSC: “Marcel J. Marcel Guerard (#3), of Hartford, who a certificate from the Ward College of Roy (#241), of East Hartford, joined the regretfully declined to run for re-elec- Technology in 1958, according to the elected ranks of new Directors. Marcel tion….” Marcel Roy was re-elected as University of Hartford Alumni Directory, distinguished himself as a hardworking a director for two more terms. He was 1995. He is survived by his wife, Fran- volunteer during renovations of our new elected President of the FCGSC on June ces, and their daughter, Elisabeth Ash- Tolland Research Center. He replaced (Continued on page 38) 22 Vol. 33 # 4 • PRINTEMPS/ÉTÉ who inhabited Quebec during the life- Cote/Coste, Couillard/Couillart, Delau- BOOKS/LIVRES... time of the city’s founder, Samuel de nay, Desportes, Giffard, Guyon, Hebert Champlain. Companions of Champlain (Quebec’s first colonial family, Hebert, was produced to honor the 400th anni- is followed through five generations), versary of the founding of Quebec City Juchereau, Langlois, Marsolet, Martin, and to enable North Americans on both Nicolet, Pinguet, and Tardif/Letardif. sides of the border to appreciate more The author also presents a methodol- fully their French-Canadian heritage. ogy by which readers can trace their Companions of Champlain ex- lineage in a quest to link with one of plains in clear language the reasons for Quebec’s founding families. Genea- the New-World explorations of Samuel logical chart information was extracted de Champlain in the 1600s and the unique from documents and records held at the culture that resulted from the establish- Archives nationales du Quebec; in city, ment of a trading post in the wilds of state, parochial, and provincial offices; North America in 1608. It is the story and from reliable secondary sources, of the habitant family—the farm and such as the genealogical dictionaries daily life—not the complex intrigues of Cyprien Tanguay and Rene Jette. of the French king and court, though Other important features of this some historical background information groundbreaking work include maps, an il- is included. The historical backdrop for lustration of Champlain’s 1603 astrolabe, Companions of Companions of Champlain was drawn references, five appendices, lineage and Champlain: from the few extant primary sources of pedigree charts with citations, and a com- the early 17th century, most particularly prehensive index. Appendices provide a Founding Families Champlain’s Voyages, Marc Lescarbot’s glossary of French genealogical terminol- Nova Francia and Jesuit Relations, and ogy and an example of citation notation of Quebec, standard references such as H. P. Biggar’s for use when filling in ancestral charts, Works of Samuel de Champlain and one of which is provided for reproduc- 1608-1635 Gustave Lanctot’s A History of Canada. tion. The full-reference citation method Although Champlain and his wife, described in the book is unique in that it by Denise Larson Helene Boulle, did not have children, his is keyed from the numbering sequence companions did. The original 18 pioneer on commonly used charts and does not Drawing on primary and reliable families who inhabited Quebec during require the superscripts and complex secondary sources, this work provides Champlain’s lifetime formed the nucleus systems often found in genealogy. readers with a concise historical over- of French-Canadian culture from which Format: Paper view of the founding of Quebec and a new society sprang. They are the focal Pages: x + 179 pp. French-Canadian culture. It also sup- point of this work. The author traces the Published: 2008 plies readers with the research tools genealogy for three generations of the Price: $22.95 necessary to link their family lines with following 18 founding families: Amiot/ ISBN: 9780806353678 those of the original 18 pioneer families Amyot, Boucher, Bourdon, Cloutier, Item #: CF9914 Kaskaskia Illinois–to–French Dictionary edited by Carl Masthay 838 Larkin Ave., St. Louis, com/kaskaskiadictionary.html MO 63141-7758 USA. 8? ? 11, x http://half.ebay.com/cat/ + 757 pp., 2002; individual $30 buy/prod.cgi?cpid=1136123846 + $5 shipping/handling (libraries &domain_id=1856&meta_id=1 and institutions $60 + $5), ISBN 0-9719113-0-4; cmasthay@juno. [Carl Masthay, PhD (Linguistics), com, 314-432-4231, [ http:// of Polish ancestry from Southington, Connecticut, a Chinese translator in the www.puzz.com/kaskaskiadic- U.S. Air Force in the early 1960s, and tionary.html ]http://www.puzz. (Continued on page 24) 23 Le Forum phrases with the necessary assumption ethnonyms, numerals, unidentified lem- BOOKS/LIVRES... that a user or peruser has already stud- mas (headwords), non-Illinois words, (Kaskaskia Illinois–to–French ied at least a year of French. The large obscure words, and problem words. Dictionary continued from page 23) index to the work provides access to Was there really a modern Tama- a retired medical manuscript editor at all the words to the original dictionary. roa remnant? Four pages of discussion Mosby, Inc., for 33 years, began early Use of a dictionary for an extinct presents the complex evidence of a re- study of Algonquian languages stimu- Central Algonquian language in itself cent fabrication and four more provide lated by place-name study culminating would be restricted to Amerindian schol- the alleged Tamaroa data as supplied. in a 47-page monograph on Mahican- ars and linguists, but it represents a view, With 278 pages of Kaskaskia Illi- language hymns (1980) and 11 years almost like that of a traveler back 300 nois and 431 pages of index enfolded by of work on his 200-page Schmick’s years in time, of cultural patterns some an attractive colorful case-bound cover Mahican Dictionary, published by the quite surprising for an Indian group that showing an artistic Missouri scene and American Philosophical Society in 1991.] was brought over to Christian values two insects (“Kaskaskia” = ‘katydid’), For about 300 years a major by Jesuits. Dogs were made to wear this book complements Le Boullenger’s overwhelmingly dense document in deer hoofs (498); jokesters pulled seats circa 1720 French-to-Kaskaskia com- an Algonquian language now identi- away (280); slaves carried feathered pilation work (still only in manuscript fied as “Kaskaskia Illinois” remained sticks (572-573); a “horse” can’t go form). This book can be used by Al- unworked on and thus unpublished so through the eye of a needle (67, 485); gonquianists, French-dialect students, as to be usable. It was first found in the and many others. About 80 supersti- historians, scholars, and librarians, espe- early 1800s by Monsignor Rosati of tions are specified, about 32 biblical cially those of the Midwestern area of the St. Louis and was acquired later in that allusions are incorporated, and there United States as a resource for reference. century by James Hammond Trumbull, are words for natural items—plants, To order a copy: who attempted to transcribe it. It is a birds, beasts, insects. The “maledicta” Carl Masthay monster in size at 580 pages as well as may interest some but repel others. 838 Larkin Ave. in legibility, with many cramped words A context of the times is eluci- St. Louis, MO 63141-7758 and interlinear additions and overwritten dated with an initial article by David 11, x + 757 pp., 2002; deletions. The language of translation is Costa overviewing the Illinois language individual $30 + $5 shipping/handling French with a heavy sprinkling of ob- and continues with a reprinting of J.F. (libraries and institutions $60 + $5), scure words. The manuscript is preserved Bannon’s biography of Gabriel Marest ISBN 0-9719113-0-4 now in the Watkinson Library of Trinity S.J. Carl Masthay has also provided [email protected] College in Hartford as if it were Father all other Kaskaskia words from exter- 314-432-4231 Jacques Gravier who had compiled it. nal sources (except, of course, for Le http://www.puzz.com/ Perhaps he did, but handwriting evi- Boullenger’s later major work in about kaskaskiadictionary.html dence points to three other more likely 1720), provided a view of a manuscript http://www.puzz.com/ compilers—Marest, Tartarin, or Pinet. page, described and portrayed let- kaskaskiadictionary.html Masthay has now edited the entire ter-ductus problems to identify the http://half.ebay.com/cat/ work for easy readability and provided compiler or compilers, and abstracted buy/prod.cgi?cpid=1136123846 translations for all the obscure words or all abbreviations (Latin and French), &domain_id=1856&meta_id=1

Brothers and Heroes: A Chronicle of Military Service of Six Americans George J. Lambert

The eighth son of Madeleine and Armand, already a Marine when George Eddie Lambert, George was the last was born. Initially motivated by a desire but certainly not the least as he tow- to learn more about the brother he never ered over all his “big brothers” when knew and the circumstances of his death he reached six-four by age sixteen. on Guam, George later expanded his re- As a youngster, George relished search to include the military records of the oft-repeated stories of the six Lam- each brother, devoting countless hours to bert boys who served in the military in this daunting task. The discovery of the exotic locales like Guadalcanal, Trieste, factors that led to Armand’s landing in the Tsingtao, Seoul, Tokyo, and Rabat. Marianas on that fateful day of 21 July Softcover [$16.95] Brothers and Heroes illustrates 1944 led George to seek and obtain a cor- ISBN: 1-60474-473-1, 162 pages, 5.5 x 8.5 George’s love of family and his admira- rection of the official records for what he Retail Price: $19.95 Your Price: $16.95 tion and respect for his oldest brother, perceived as a gross miscarriage of justice. www.publishamerica.com 24 Vol. 33 # 4 • PRINTEMPS/ÉTÉ POÉSIE/POETRY

Meanwhile, the many German troops Were foiling Ally attacks. An Ode To Onias The youths set up the mine fields by his nephew, Mac Martin To stop them in their tracks. Leaving home or coming home, But Guillman was wise, he knew the plan, The direction wasn't clear. He warned them of their fate. Onias' ancestors he'd left behind, Directed them a different route He now was drawing near. Than through the Nazi gate. Bourgeueil, Nova Scotia, Madawaska, The diversion, alas, was not enough, And back to France again. Germans at the crossroads would wait Always hard to bear the plight With horse drawn cannon to fire at them, Of his fellow Acadians. 'Twas only Onias who met his fate. This cause was somewhat different At that, the Americans returned the fire Than Those they'd fought before. With double force for their comrade's sake. The German forces stronger now, Then innocent boys lay at their feet, Were knocking at their door. Never a man would any make. To Europe he went to start the fight, Guillman approached the battleground, And among the ruins he'd find All corpses German, save one. A pleasant distraction, an English girl, With respect and grateful admiration His lifelong love with heart so kind. He treated him as his son. His time with her was much too short, A blanket was placed upon his face, Across the channel he went And flowers upon his chest. To serve his country honorably, Onias had returned to France, In Bonnetable his soul was spent. And there he'd found his rest. Now, Albert Guillman resided there, Leaving home or coming home, Softcover [$16.95] A true hero he had been. The direction wasn't clear. ISBN: 1-60474-473-1, 162 pages, 5.5 x 8.5 Underground, he'd hid the Jews, Onias' ancestors he'd left behind, Retail Price: $19.95 Your Price: $16.95 Even claimed them as his kin. www.publishamerica.com He now was drawing near. 25 Le Forum POÉSIE/POETRY MES PRIÈRES Par Virginie Sand

J’offre mes prières à ma grand-mère, la lune d’or, Avec toute sa magie, Pour influencer mon avenir.

J’offre mes prières au soleil brillant, Avec toute sa magie, Pour faire ma vie douce.

J’offre mes prières à toutes les fleurs, Avec toute leur magie, En apportant plus de couleur à ma vie ; la rose, le jaune, le vert, le violet…

Chanson de Grand Pré J’offre mes prières au cimetière des pierres grises, By/par Danielle Laliberté Avec toute sa magie, En demandant à mes ancêtres pour leur conseil et leur sagesse. Grand Pré J’offre mes prières à la rose, where are you now that they call your children Avec toute sa magie, Canucks? Pour apporter l’amour à mon cœur.

We promised we’d return to you someday, la vielle patrie

My skin is pale and I speak English sans accent. Some Sundays I’ve forgotten MY PRAYERS to go to Mass, By Virginia Sand but I never forgot you.

Grand Pré Je suis retournée. I offer my prayers to my grandmother, the golden moon, I see you With all her magic, In the first snow of winter For influencing my future. The grass of summer The blue eyes of my blond. I offer my prayers to the brilliant sun, With all of it’s magic, Left an orphan, For making my life sweet. I bow my head, fait le deuil I offer my prayers to all the flowers, my hair a permanent dark veil. With all their magic, In bringing more color to my life; pink, yellow, green, violet… Grand Pré, il faut vous oublierait. I offer my prayers to the cemetery of grey stones, With all of it’s magic, In asking my ancestors for their counsel and wisdom.

I offer my prayers to the rose, With all her magic, For bringing love to my heart.

26 Vol. 33 # 4 • PRINTEMPS/ÉTÉ Coin des jeunes...

Les animaux au zoo...... dessiner une ligne du nom français à l’image correspondante

un éléphant le panda le singe le gorille le lion le kangourou le zèbre le cerf le rhinocéros un ours la girafe

Color me....

Colorier moi....

27 Le Forum (François Bélanger de page 21) est rehaussée par des seigneurs du lieu. mais la terre n’étant pas prête à recevoir Au tout début, nous dit Lucien la semence, son épouse habitait peut-être et Marie Guyon ainsi que Robert Dr- Campeau, les familles se regroupaient11. encore chez ses parents avec un troisième ouin et Anne Cloutier signèrent dans Dans les années 1641-1643, la maison enfant - Marguerite - née en 1645. la maison de Giffard, leur contrat de sur la concession dénommée l’ abri à Un achat de deux poinçons de blé mariage rédigé par Jean Guyon qui, Cloutier , voisine de la terre de François à Pierre Legardeur en 1647 nous oriente pour la circonstance, se fit notaire. Bélanger, a pu être un pied-à-terre pour dans ce sens. Cet emprunt, ajouté au L’année suivante, en juillet, ce sera pour les familles Bélanger, Cloutier et Guyon. désertage en commun avec son voisin ces deux couples un premier mariage Trois autres familles - les Drouin, Boissel Macé Gravel entre 1644 et 1647, est religieux double en Nouvelle-France. et Estienne-, situées plus à l’est, près de peut-être l’indice que leur terre respective la Rivière aux Chiens, se seraient regrou- n’était pas encore suffisamment préparée Quand François Bélanger a-t-il pées dans celle de ce dernier dessinée ou productive puisque Gravel emprunte quitté Beauport? elle aussi sur la carte de Bourdon. Nous lui aussi le huit septembre 1647 de Pierre avons pour cette année la confirmation Legardeur de Repentigny la somme de 12 Si la carte de Bourdon de 1641 que l’une des deux maisons de Château- 100 livres pour vente et livraison de blé? indique que François Bélanger est pro- Richer était habitée. Selon le baptistère Cet emprunt pose donc la question de priétaire d’une concession à Château du 15 mai 1641 de Noël Boissel, fils de l’installation définitive de François à sa Richer, cela signifie-t-il pour autant Jacques et de Marie Eripel, la cérémonie maison de Château-Richer conditionnée qu’il ait quitté Beauport définitivement du baptême a eu lieu en « l’une des deux par un autre facteur, celui du règlement cette année? En vertu du principe déjà maisons de Beaupré ». Éventuellement, de la crise du foin aux seigneuries de énoncé qu’on choisit les parrains et les s’ajouteront les maisons sur les conces- Beauport et de Beaupré. Selon Pouliot marraines parmi les proches de son do- sions des Repentigny et des Couillard et Giroux, François Bélanger et tous les micile, nous pouvons affirmer que dès représentées sur la carte de Bourdon. De autres « déserteurs » de Beauport se se- 1641 à 1643, pendant que François tra- raient installés définitivement à Château- 1643 François Bélanger était arrivé à la 13 seigneurie de Beaupré. Aux baptêmes vaillait à sa maison et sur sa terre, il a sans Richer en 1647 . Il fallait, selon lui, que de ses filles M.-Madeleine et Margue- doute occupé, en raison de sa proximité le problème des pâturages soit réglé, ce rite en 1643 et 1645, les marraines sont avec sa concession, l’abri à Cloutier avec qui eût lieu uniquement en 1647. Ceci a des Legardeur qui possèdent un fief à la d’autres compagnons. Jusqu’en 1643, son retardé la concession juridique des con- seigneurie de Beaupré sur lequel il y a épouse avec ses deux enfants Charles et cessions par les seigneurs de Beaupré aux une maison. M. Madeleine Legardeur M.-Madeleine nés respectivement en propriétaires dont les noms sont indiqués est marraine de M.-Madeleine Bélanger 1640 et 1643 demeuraient davantage sur la carte de 1641. Sauf celles de Pierre et Marguerite Nicolet, future épouse de chez ses parents à Beauport. En 1644, Gagnon et de Claude Estienne à qui les J.-Baptiste Legardeur, est marraine de au début du désertage en commun de sa terres sont octroyées officiellement en Marguerite Bélanger. Comme dans le cas terre avec Macé Gravel, il est possible 1640, aucune autre ne l’est officielle- des baptêmes à Beauport, la cérémonie que François ait habité sa propre maison ment avant 1650 par Olivier Letardif. (François Bélanger continued from question, as people present at the harvest ing to M. Trudel, uncertainty about their page 20) of 1635, Jean Guyon, Zacharie Cloutier, date of arrival, which has been stated was The harvest of last year was good, Noel Langlois, Martin Grouvel and Rob- 1636. But both are certainly among the Father Le Jeune tells us in his Relation of ert Drouin. Even though Cote hesitated harvesters of 1636 and among the eight 1636. The harvesting could feed twenty to establish himself at Beauport because employees spoken of by the same author.10 people this year. In 1635 “the summer he owned, in 1636, a one acre farm at The time for harvest in 1636 was was dry”? From Easter to mid June there Cap Diamant, the presence of Giffard at also the time for lovers. In July of that was practically no rain. Huge forest his marriage (1634) and at the baptism year François Belanger & Marie Guyon fires. Two savages burned in the woods. of his son Louis (1635) confirms that he as well as Robert Drouin & Anne Cloutier 8 Edmond Giroux tells us that these event was among the harvesters of 1635. These signed, in the Giffard home, their mar- were not as devastating to Giffard since pioneers of Beauport are present, in one riage contracts composed by Jean Guyon he had planted in three different locations, way or another, since the first contracts who, for the occasion, acted as Notary. close to the Beauport River, to the East with Giffard. For the seventh person In July of the following year, these two and to the West of the fief Du Buisson. present at the 1635 harvest, we have to couples participated in the first reli- Numerous different sources all choose between François Belanger and gious double marriage in New France. agree, in the table at the end, on the con- Jamen Bourguignon who were, according tracts, the records of baptisms, burials and to Muriel Laroche-Montpetit, agents for When did François Be- the Hundred Associates.9 Which one of marriage help us track these harvesters of langer leave Beauport? 1635 and 1636. To identify the people the two, Bourguignon or Belanger, was If the Bourdon map of 1641 shows associated with Giffard is also to deter- the seventh harvester? We cannot decide mine their localities. We identify, without between the two since there is, accord- (Continued on page 29) 28 Vol. 33 # 4 • PRINTEMPS/ÉTÉ (François Bélanger from page 28) cated more to the East near the Dog River clearing of the common land with his François Belanger as a property owner in (Riviere aux Chiens), were grouped and neighbor Mace Gravel between 1644 and Chateau Richer, does this also indicate shown on the latest design of the Bour- 1647, is possibly an indication that their that he has left Beauport by that year? don map. We have confirmation for that respective farms were not yet sufficiently In virtue of the custom of choosing god- year that one of the houses at Chateau prepared and productive because Gravel parents from among those close to one’s Richer was inhabited. According to the also borrows on 8 September 1647 from residence, we can affirm that from 1643 baptismal record of 15 May 1641 for Pierre Legardeur of Repentigny the total François Belanger had arrived at the Noel Boissel, son of Jacques and Marie of 100 pounds of wheat for resale and Seigneurie of Beaupre. At the baptisms Eripel, the baptismal ceremony was held feeding.?12 This loan poses yet another of his daughters, M. Madeleine & Mar- in “one of the two houses of Beaupre”. question about the final settlement of guerite in 1643 and 1645 respectively, Eventually, the houses on the concessions François in his home at Chateau Richer the godmothers were Legardeurs who of Repentigny and Couillard were added because of the hay crisis in the Seigneur- owned a fief at the Beaupre Seigneurie as shown on the Bourdon map. From ies of Beauport and Beaupre. According with a house on it. M. Madeleine Le- 1641 to 1643, while François worked at to Pouliot and Giroux, François Belanger gardeur was godmother to M. Madeleine his house and on his farm, he no doubt and all the other “deserters” (a deserter Belanger and Marguerite Nicolet, future lived at l’abri a Cloutier along with other was a tenant farmer who abandoned his wife of J. Baptiste Legardeur, was god- companions, by virtue of it’s proximity to concession for one reason or another) mother to Marguerite Belanger. As was his concession. Until 1643, his wife and of Beauport had definitely settled in the case with the baptisms of Beauport, two children, Charles and M. Madeleine Chateau Richer in 1647.13 According to the ceremony was highlighted by the born respectively in 1640 and 1643, lived him, the problem of pasturage had to be presence of Seigneurs of the region. gratis with her parents in Beauport. In settled which happened in 1647. This From the start, says Lucien 1644, when François started clearing his delayed the legal conveyance of conces- Campeau, the families formed groups.11 farm with Macé Gravel, it is possible sions by the Seigneurs of Beaupre to the From the years 1641-1643, the home on that he lived in his own home but the owners whose names are written on the the concession named l’abri a Cloutier, land was not ready for seeding, his wife Bourdon map of 1641. Except for that neighbor to the François Belanger farm, possibly still lived with her parents with of Pierre Gagnon and Claude Estienne was probably a foot in the door, so to a third child, Marguerite, born in 1645. whose farms were officially conveyed speak, for the Belanger, Cloutier and A purchase of two poincons of in 1640, others were not official until Guyon families. Three other families, wheat from Pierre Legardeur in 1647 done before 1650 by Oliver Letardif. the Drouins, Boissels and Estiennes, lo- gives us a clue. This loan, added to the (Continued on page 30)

29 Le Forum (François Bélanger from page 29)

outdoor sports of skiing, skating, snow- the chosen derivative of several varia- shoeing and sledding are unseasonable, tions of its Amérindien name with a simi- excited anticipation is in the air for the lar sound, but French is the founding lan- grand celebration of July 3rd, 2008. Ice guage of Canada, and Québec prevails. sculptures at Winter Carnival depicted The ramparts surrounding Québec Samuel de Champlain of France, Qué- City’s old town are the only fortified bec’s lauded founder, in a prelude to the city walls still in existence in America, spectacular events to come. From May 2 north of Mexico. In 1985 the presti- - 18 Canada is hosting for the first time the gious UNESCO organization named 2008 International Ice Hockey Federation the “historic district of Old Québec” games at Colisée Pepsi. IIHF is marking a World Heritage site. Alive and well Québec City its 100th anniversary, coinciding with today, this vibrant community of well Québec’s 400th. There will be 30 games over 600,000 people is proud of its 1608 to 2008 in Québec City and 26 in Halifax with 16 primarily French, English, Scotch and 400th Year countries participating in the contests. Irish ancestry. Herein lie many stories Québec, the proper name used for another time, but today in the year Anniversary by both federal and provincial govern- 2008, 400 years after Champlain set ments, is the capitol city of the Canadian foot on this profound continent, the an- Venez au Québec province of the same name. Second niversary year celebration is beckoning. only in size to Montréal, Québec is a What is this world-class celebra- by Anne Marie gateway to the North American continent tion attempting to accomplish in addi- Leonard, student via the beautiful St. Lawrence River. tion to the obvious merrymaking for There, upon a splendid bluff, safely the occasion? Take note that it will It is spring in the north, and in Qué- inland from exposure to the broad Gulf of be no ordinary beer-fest. Québec is bec the snow and ice may be melting, but St. Lawrence and the wild North Atlantic, showcasing its desire for international not the warm and generous hearts of its Samuel de Champlain established “la friendship and mutual welfare of all inhabitants. Now that the internationally ville de Québec” on the former Iroquoian peoples. This relatively small city, by the known Winter Carnival and traditional settlement called Stadacona. Québec is (Continued on page 31) 30 Vol. 33 # 4 • PRINTEMPS/ÉTÉ (Québec City 1608 to 2008 continued Hotel Frontenac is managed and operated Danny Boudreau of Petit-Rocher won from page 30) by Fairmont Hotels and Resorts of Toron- out of 300 participants countrywide. world’s scale, underscores the influence to. Even though sold by Fairmont in 2000 So Many Tales, “Québec je te chante” it has on the world around it. Québec to Legacy Hotels REIT for $185 million has as its theme rencontres (meetings) is saying, “Come look at us, see what CAD, Fairmont has held an 11.14% of peoples from around the world. we’ve accomplished, and above all, ownership in the REIT as of August 2005. Espace 400e is the official site of have a good time while you are here”. This magnificent hotel opened in 1893 as celebrations for the 400th Anniversary. Five and a half million visitors are a stopover for patrons of Canadian Pacific Located on Louise Basin, in the Old Port expected throughout 2008 - 270,000 for Railroad. William Van Horne, the rail- of Québec, it is the designated site for the 400th year anniversary alone. Some road’s general manager, enlisted the New the center of festivities. First Nations, 30 international conferences, conven- York architect Bruce Price, the father the country’s original inhabitants, will tions and meetings have chosen Québec of Emily Post. The chateau style hotel host special programs and activities to City as their venue in 2008 to specifi- was named in honor of Louis de Buade, honor their legacy. Over 2,000 street cally take advantage of the festivities. Count of Frontenac, who was governor performances, 700 artists from every For example, the 4th Québec-New York of the colony of New France in the late discipline, 100 children’s workshops, Economic Summit co-chaired by Premier 1600s. Today historic Château Frontenac a multimedia exhibition on human Jean Charest and New York Governor can house more guests than the original migration, and debates and round table Eliot Spitzer on May 20th. Laval Uni- number of settlers of the entire city! discussions will be presented here. In versity will host the 4th World Youth More than 75 planning partners 2009 the Espace 400e pavilion will be- Congress, inviting 600 of the world’s are working to assure the success of this come a Parks Canada Discovery Centre. most dynamic young people in the field celebration. Mr. Denis Racine, Federal For Québec’s 300th Anniversary of sustainable community development. Commissioner of coordinating activi- in 1908, the Government of Canada gave The numerous hotels, bed and ties within the Department of Canadian the residents the Plains of Abraham. It breakfasts, inns, restaurants, and events Heritage, is responsible for liaising with developed the upper city. Today the focus will accommodate them with efficiency, Société du 400e anniversaire of Qué- is on more public access to the mag- graciousness and style. Scores of jobs bec. He chairs a committee of senior nificent Saint Lawrence River, and the will enrich the economy. The entire labor federal public servants overseeing the city itself has cleaned up Rivière Saint- force is rolling up its sleeves and rolling Government of Canada’s participation. Charles, restoring the banks and creating out the red carpet. The capability of host- Québec’s planning committee is headed trails. One hundred sixty million dollars ing such a large number of countries from by Mr. Pierre Boulanger, President and is allocated for refurbishing Québec City. around the world further validates the CEO and Mr. Jean Leclerc, Chairman of Forty million dollars has been spent hard working people of Québec, adding the Board. The Société du 400e anniver- on new construction on the waterfront to their sense of pride to be Québécois. saire’s theme is Meetings and Encoun- alone. Canada Economic Development is To ring in the anniversary, an un- ters. Mr. Leclerc states that for thousands providing funding to the Port of Québec. precedented “concert of a thousand” with of years Québec has been a natural meet- The Port of Québec and the Government Québec Symphony Orchestra conductor ing place for encounters great and small, of Canada is revitalizing three sites: Yoav Talmi took place at the Colisée historic and contemporary, and all federal 1. Baie de Beauport will feature a Pepsi on Saturday night, March 15th. government departments and agencies recreational path for walks and bird watch- Malher’s Symphony No. 8 was featured are pooling their efforts and resources. ing, a beach, sports facilities, a new service and then an encore of “Hymn to the First Nations’ participation in building and multitudinous parking. Beauty of the World”, arranged by Leon myriad events counts on the planning 2. Pointe-À-Carcy, long a major Bernier, brought thunderous rounds of expertise of Mr. Luc Lainé, Federal hub economically and culturally, boasts applause. This was a phenomenal music Commissioner of Aboriginal Affairs. Mr. an ultra-modern port facility as the de- program broadcast by Radio Canada and Lainé is a member of the Huron-Wendat barkation point for cruise ships, a public carried by Radio Chicago on WFMT Ra- Nation from Wendake and a graduate promenade and children’s playground, dio Network, 98.7 FM. Québec Sympho- of Université Laval. He has worked on all in keeping with respect for this his- ny Orchestra, Orchestra of Three Rivers, community planning with First Nations toric site on the beautiful St. Lawrence. Orchestra of the music faculty of Laval throughout Québec and for the Protocol 3. Bassin Brown has always University, the Québec Conservatory of Office at the Department of Foreign Af- been a link between the Plains of Abra- Music and numerous combined choirs, fairs as visit officer for foreign dignitar- ham and the river. Here at Cap-Blanc including children’s choirs thrilled the ies, which will indeed be a great asset for General James Wolfe (British officer) eleven thousand people in attendance. this year’s events. Be sure to not miss engaged in battle the Marquis de Mont- This extraordinary performance is just the Inuit Art Museum on rue Saint-Louis. calm (French officer) in 1759. Tragi- one of the many carrots of cordiality A song contest was held by Espace cally, that September 13th battle of the enticing people to join in celebrating. Musique for an official theme song. month long siege ended both of their Overlooking the city, the imposing New Brunswick composer-interpreter, (Continued on page 35) 31 Le Forum The Germain Saga by S. Ella Marie Germain, CSJ Fifth Installment

Lonesome Trail School, 1925.

teach grades one through eight. classes me, but I was inconsolable because my were only ten to fifteen minutes long. book was all wet. Mom consoled me, School Days The grade to be taught was called to the gave me dry clothes, and dried the book. front of the room while the others studied An important event during our Our country home was an ideal or helped younger ones. At times, notes grade school was practicing for the place to grow up, Mom and Dad were were written and passed unnoticed by the Christmas program. The teacher found teh ehart of our home. With them teacher. As there was only one bookcase a part for everyone - songs, recita- we lived happily, actively, and fully. in the school, books were read and re-read. tions, poems, skits, and pantomime. There, from our parents we learned Recess and noon hours wer for All of the parents would be present, so to love, to work, to have fun, and to fun and games. After a quick drink at great care was taken to prepare well. pray. The wide open spaces, the hills, the well and lunch, favorite games were At one of our programs Andrew the bright sunny days, and the starry played such as anti- anti-i-over, crach sang and dramatized, "When I Was a nights revewaled to us somehting greater the whip, pum pum pull away, kitten Baby." The song was a big hit. Every- than ourselves––the grandeur of God. ball, penie stick, etc. During the cold one in the audience started to laugh and The new world opened up to us winters indoor games were in order. could not stop. We called it the laughing as we began our school days at Lonew- Tagging someone with each eraser on song. It went down in history. Andrew some Tail, one mile from home. This the head without it falling was tricky. still sings it at parties and reunions. one room school was built on an isolated Our great grandfather, Isidore Be- treeless area. A large stove to the right seau, who worked at the New Richmond When I a baby they tickled me so during the cold winter months. There ski factory gave us each a pair of skis. were two cloakrooms at each of the front There were eight pairs lined up on the I never got over it quite. entrances. Sometimes a student was back porch. Skiing to school, up and Although now I'm grown up sent there as a punishment, and a cry down the hills, was faster than walk- Wherever I go, I'm laughing could be heard when the stap was used. ing. On cold storym days Dad came From morning til night. In the morning there was a lot of for us with the sleigh. On those days My nurse used to tickle me activity to get ready for school. Eight the general attendance was poor, but When I was asleep. lunches were made and put into pa- not for our family. Only the Germains My mother would tickle my chin per bags or karo pails. Mom combed were at school! No storm kept us away. My daddy would tickle Mae's curls, and saw to it that we were In the spring when the ice began My poor little feet neatly dressed. finally, everything to melt on the ponds, we dared to walk And then I would always begin was quiet in the house as we left for on the rubber ice. What a thrill to go Oh-ha-ha-ha-ha etc. school. Mom was left with the younger up and down! One time I (Ella) wasn't ones –– Rita, Dennis, Leo, and Ralph. quick enough. I went down with my The teacher in the grade school new 3rd grade arithmetic book. My had to be well organized and prepared to brothes, Delore and Andrew rescued (Continued on page 33) 32 Vol. 33 # 4 • PRINTEMPS/ÉTÉ (The Germain Saga continued from page 32) Another time Andrew pantomimed his troubles with his old Ford. It just wouldn't start. There was always a putt- putt and then it died. Once it got started, he had a flat tire. It was one trouble after another. He had the audience in stitches. When Urban was in the mid- dle grades he recited and dramatized the poem, "Christmas is Near." He sent ma a hand written copy of it when I was studying in Bourg, Franc. Here is a copy of it and his letter. (See letter to the right). High School

After having attended a small country school, going to New Richmond High was a new world. The building was immense. Instead of three in a class, there were twenty-five or more. Because we lived three miles from school, we went by car. Delore was the driver. In our hurry to arrive on time, we sometimes landed in the ditch. Our family enjoyed our school days in New Richmond. We were involved in extra-curricular activities such as drama, chorus, class parties, dances, basketball, football, and the Prom. After Delore, Andrew, Claire and I graduated, the second half of the family attended New Richmond High. Mom and Dad knew the importance of education for our future years. Their interest and encouragement helped each one in the family to merit a high school diploma. Delore graduated in 1930, and he took a teacher's training course in New Richmond. His first experience in teach- ing was at Lonesome Trail in the fall of 1932. His wages the first year were $65 a month. The next year he had a ten dollar raise. Among his pupils were his brothers Dennis and Urban, and his sister Rita. Andrew and I graduated in 1932. It was during the Great Depression. Be- cause our parents knew how to manage and save, we were never in need. Andrew and I ordered our class ring gold with a black onyx stone for $6.50! The class chose to graduate without the usual caps and gowns because of the hard times. In the fall I entered the convent of (Continued on page 34) 33 Le Forum (The Germain Saga continued from page 32) the Sisters of St. Joseph in Crookston, Minnesota. Andrew learned mechan- ics from Uncle Phil Laventure. Later he joined the Air Force and served in World War II. After the war, Andrew worked in an industrial plant as a foreman in California and Chicago. Claire finished high school in 1933, and entered the Sisters of St. Joseph, also in Crookston. Claire Delore Ella Andrew and I both studied in Bourg, France for 2 1/2 years. After our training we taught school in Minnesota and Wis- consin where the Sisters had schools. In 1936 Mae received her diploma at St. Joseph's Academy in Crookston. She took a business course in St. Paul, and then worked in the Bank of New Richmond. Urban graduated in 1939. He helped Dad on the farm, and worked in St. Paul. In 1943, Rita received her diplomat and later worked at 3M. Den- nis graduated in 1945. He worked at Anderson's in Stillwater. Leo graduated Claire Mae Urban in 1946. He was in the service for a time, and then worked at Minnesota Mining. Ralph, the last one in the family, gradu- ated in 1948. He also worked at 3M.

(N.D.L.R. See next issue for the sixth installment of the Germain Saga by S. Ella Marie Germain, CSJ.)

Rita Dennis

Leo Ralph

34 Vol. 33 # 4 • PRINTEMPS/ÉTÉ (Québec City 1608 to 2008 continued Premier of Québec might be sighted, pages are 2.2 metres high and 1.5 metres from page 31) or the Prime Minister of Canada, Mr. wide. The book weighs 500 kilograms. lives within a few hours. There is a Stephen Harper. Céline Dion is ex- Yet, it will be set up so that visitors will new interpretation center and a prom- pected to sing on the Plains of Abraham. be able to turn the pages themselves. enade from the Cap-Blanc stairs to the It is rumored that even Pope Benedict The following is just a smat- shore of the St. Lawrence and newly XVI, or one of his emissaries, may tering of diverse events that may renovated, historic Léonard wharf. grace the 49th International Eucharistic attract people of different cul- These are all multi-use areas open Congress in June (to be announced). tures, creeds and simply interests: to the pleasure of the general public. The Royal Canadian Mounted Image Mill June 20 - July 29; As for ground transportation, if Police are charged with security for dig- each evening at 10:00 pm an outdoor one arrives at Jean-Lesage airport, taxi nitaries. They showcase a Musical Rid- Megaprojection of the History of Qué- fares to downtown Québec are meted ers performance to promote the RCMP bec on the enormous Bunge grain silos out per trip, accommodating one to six image. On July 3rd, hosted by the Na- next to Bassin Louise. These concrete persons for approximately $30.00 total. tional Battlefields Commission, a troop silos will become a giant movie screen. The public Métrobus is an efficient way of thirty-two riders and horses will per- 49th International Eucharistic to maneuver unencumbered about the form their cavalry drill choreographed Congress June 15 - 22; ExpoCité, Plains city. This bus company provides a liai- to music. In a “march past” the troop of Abraham and a night procession son between the principal centers of ac- traditionally salutes the guest of honor. through the streets of the ville on June 17 tivities. Métrobus is known for its “high Historical sites to visit inside ---coinciding with the 4th frequency” service with runs throughout the walls include Place Royal, the World Youth Congress on June the city and surroundings at just about cradle of Québec’s civilization with its 22 400th Anniversary Celebra- any time of day. The fees are reason- Notre Dame des Victoires church from tion parade day, July 3rd; be- able. And, you might find yourself on Champlain’s day, having suspended ginning with a mass at the Notre- an articulated bus for the first time! from the ceiling a centuries old replica Dame de Québec Basilica-Cathedral If you try to make reservations of the bateau that held his crew of thirty R C M P M u s i c a l R i d e for summer and find yourself shut men; Notre-Dame de Québec Basilica- July 3rd Québec plein la rue se- out of first choices in the ville, by Cathedral on Buade Street; Fortifica- ries July 3 - 5 will invite interna- all means try the outskirts. Finding tions of Québec (4.6 kilometre-long tional street performance compa- rooms outside the walls of the old city defense wall); the Citadelle- known as nies for a North American premiere often omits higher car parking fees. the Gibraltar of America- and lastly, Gathering of Nations Au- Sillery and Sainte-Foy abound in lodg- Artillery Park. Just outside the walls gust 14 - 24; International Festival ings well worth considering. Rental on Parliament Hill is the Hôtel du Par- of Military Bands, Place George V cars are always an option if one does lement, housing the National Assembly, Céline Dion Free Pub - not arrive by car, and would like to Battlefields Park recalling the famous lic Concert Friday night, Au- explore the wider area, Îsl d’Orléans battles between the British and French gust 22 on the Plains of Abraham for example. Most grape vineyards armies on its Plains of Abraham (now Cirque du Soleil Octo- there offer tours and wine taste-testing. an enormous urban park, the venue for ber 19; closing of the festivi- Laurier Québec’s free shuttle ser- some of the larger crowd drawing events ties performance at Colisée Pepsi vice to a 350-store shopping mall, just of the 400th anniversary) and Musée The second half of the official out of town in Sainte-Foy, facilitates national des beaux-arts du Québec. program will be forthcoming soon at joining the locals at modern stores and Underscoring friendship, and venient both morning and afternoon, countries and Canada, are generous All of Canada may claim owner- including drop-offs for the Aquarium, lasting gifts marking the anniversary. ship in commemorating its beginnings, and then returning to the ville both early The Netherlands has sent its traditional and deservedly so, since all of Canada is afternoon and before dinner. Very nice! gift of 10,000 tulip bulbs. Belgium and contributing, each in its own unique way. Horse and carriage rides are popu- the United States donated stone benches This Olympic-sized 400th anniversary lar with many tourists. This mode of trav- to the city. Bordeaux, France has given celebration is a beautifully executed ex- el allows them to experience, at least the stone gargoyles to be mounted on City ample of a fairly small, but rich culture ambiance of, an unhurried Old Québec. Hall. And La Rochelle, France’s gift to that is demonstrating its content. Today, For those strolling the quaint the Governor General of Canada is the having become one of Canada’s most streets on these festive days, who “livre de Champlain” to be exhibited vital cities, Québec City is the Ameri- knows whom one may encounter? at the Citadelle. Based on Samuel de can continent’s flower of Frenchness. Dignitaries and celebrities from all over Champlain’s notebooks, the pages of Venez au Québec! Canada, and the world for that matter, this original work of art have been cop- will sojourn alike. Mr. John Charest, ied by hand onto canvas on wood. The 35 Le Forum BOOKS/LIVRES... NOUVEAU LIVRE DE NORMAND BEAUPRÉ : LA SOUILLONNE, DEUSSE (2008) Souillonne qui non seulement séduit le ces deux monologues font de ces oeuves lecteur mais lui révèle la richesse d’une un travail unique. Peggy Pacini qui est langue et d’un glossaire en voie de diplômée de l’Université de la Sorbonne disparition. Gérard Robichaud, auteur Paris IV a écrit dans son article intitulé, franco-américain, “n’arrêtait pas de dire Présence visible et invisible de la langue combien il avait aimé La Souillonne (sur française dans la littérature franco- scène). Il a dit bien des fois, ‘This is au- américaine contemporaine, janvier 2007, thentic Franco-American humor,’” nous “Cette conclusion que Normand Beaupré raconte Robert Perreault lui-même auteur met dans la bouche de cette femme franco-américain de Manchester, N.H. franco-américaine de soixante-neuf ans “Pourtant il y a une suite à ça,” Le monologue sur scène, LA évoque par-delà La Souillonne la réalité dit un ami à l’auteur du monologue SOUILLONNE, a remporté tellement de sociale, culturelle et linguistique de toute sur scène, La Souillonne. Et bien, la succès à son auteur, Normand Beaupré, la communauté franco-américaine con- voilà cette Souillone qui se «débourre qu’il s’est décidé d’écrire une suite à son temporaine. Le choix qui est le sien de le coeur» une deuxième fois. Elle nous oeuvre après avoir vu la performance de laisser raconter à cette femme l’histoire parle des Acadjiens, des écornifleuses, Marie Cormier par trois reprises dans le de sa vie, de lui laisser se «débourrer» des défoncés et des paniers parcés, de rôle de la Souillonne. Encore une fois, il le coeur dans la langue populaire des la ration et la guerre, des gens de trav- a retrouvé les sujets de son oeuvre dans Franco-Américains de la Nouvelle-An- ers, des accoutumances, le parlement de ses propres expériences des années pas- gleterre, est en soi une forme de surviv- not’ monde, les récettes de ma mére, et sées alors qu’il grandissait dans un milieu ance, comme Beaupré le souligne dans d’autres. Parmi ces monologues sur scène franco. Tant de personnes s’identifient sa préface, puisqu’elle est, pour lui, «la on y découvre une jolie petite histoire avec la Souillone, nous dit l’auteur, parce gardienne d’un glossaire et d’une race». d’une veuve étroitement attachée à son qu’elles ont vécu les mêmes expériences La Souillonne, deusse est la neu- petit oiseau qui lui donne chaque jour qu’a vécues la Souillonne. De plus, les vième oeuvre publiée par Normand Beau- une raison de vivre. C’est Le marle à oeuvres La Souillonne [première] et pré. Il est présentement à sa dixième, mémére Tanguay. La Souillonne, deusse La Souillonne, deusse sont écrites en un roman basé sur la vie et les oeuvres vient rajouter au premier monologue dialecte franco-américain, la langue du d’art de Vincent Van Gogh à Arles. une nouvelle ouverture sur la vie de la peuple franco. La matière et la langue de So many people identify with the Author Norman Beaupré character of la Souillonne and her situa- tions in life because they lived the same writes a sequel to La Souillonne experiences a long time ago and share The dramatic monologue, La some forty years. Beaupré now had at the same values as the main character. Souillonne, was such a tremendous suc- his disposition some materials about Besides, the book is written entirely in the cess for its author, Norman Beaupré that Acadians and the sea. He then set out to Franco-American dialect, the “language it prompted a friend of his to say, “There line up other topics such as, the snoops of the people.” It has been a real chal- must be a follow-up to this.” The author [les écornifleuses], the famished and the lenge for the author since this dialect is replied that he had not thought about it tell-it-alls [les défoncés et les paniers par- essentially an oral language and Beaupré and that he did not think he had enough cés], WWII and the ration [la ration et la had to find a way in replicating the sounds material in his creative imagination to guerre], the melting pot, the shoe shops, into the written word. The subject mat- write a sequel. However, after seeing the odd people [les gens de travers], old ter, the main character and the written performance of the play twice at the Fran- habits [les accoutumances],our way of dialect make this a unique work. Peggy co-American Heritage Center in Lewis- speaking [le parlement de not’e monde] Pacini, a French scholar who resides ton and seeing it again in Lamèque, New and my mother’s recipes [les récettes de in northern France, wrote in her recent Brunswick this past summer performed ma mére]. Among them is a particular article entitled, “The Visible and Invis- to a sell-out crowd, he began to sift ideas story designed to stir the feelings and the ible Presence of the French Language in his mind especially once he heard sea imagination of the reader, Le marle à mé- in Contemporary Franco-American stories by the performer, Marie Cormier’s mére Tanguay. It’s a story of the pet bird Literature” [Présence visible et invisible brother, Angelbert Paulin who had caught of an old widow who caters to him and de la langue française dans la littérature fish and crabs out in the open seas for he in turn gives her a reason for living. (Continued on page 37) 36 Vol. 33 # 4 • PRINTEMPS/ÉTÉ B O O K S / L I V

R C'est de même Wednesday’s Child E qu'ont parle par by Rhea Côté Robbins S che' nous New cover design, new The Adventures of Coco par Don Levesque format, great read! info at: Moué shu Don Levesque. J't'un p'tit the French Parrot gah d'Grand Isle qu'a été a high school a http://www.rhetapress.com/ by Aunt Yvonne; Van Buren, pi au collége a Fort Kent, j'reste Illustrated by Rachel a St.-Basile pi j'travaille a Madawaska. This is the story of a neighborhood. Keebler J'ai commencé a collecter des patois, This is the story of a woman who lived the About the Book: This book is for des dictons pi des metaphores en 1988 quand life of the mill town and its inhabitants. children and parents to read out loud. Laugh j'ai commencé a écrire une columne dans This is the true story of that town and its at Coco’s way to reach his goals, his great l'John Valley Times que s'apelle "Mon 5¢". people told from her experiences of them. love of children, cats, and particularly Papa. J'ai publié un livre de patois en 1999 A creative nonfiction memoir about grow- Coco even was invited at school on day where qui s'appelais "Le Parler de Chez Nous." ing up and living Franco-American. The he annoyed the teacher by interrupting her Dépu s'temps la, j'ai ramassé story of a culture in Maine and beyond. and was never given a second invitation. d'autres patois, dictons pi metaphores pi Used as a textbook in many col- Coco loved to be outside on the asteur c'est mon grand plaisir de vous lege classrooms for: cultural, women’s, fence and talk to the neighbor’s kids, les présenter dans c'p'tit livre icitte. sociology, English, French, writing and the cats, the hens and birds flying by. All French words are pretty much spelled other studies. Read the reviews, books Coco was a unique, charming, stub- the way they sound. I suggest that the French which quote Wednesday’s Child at: born, comical bird who can teach you some be read out loud or at least while moving your http://www.rhetapress.com/reviews. French words without you even realizing it. lips. This will greatly facilitate understand- html ing the French because your "ear", l'oreille To purchase, visit http://www.rheta- 34 pages; Saddle stitched; illus- française dans ta brain, will "hear" the French press.com/ and you should understand it much better. trated children’s book; full color; cata- To obtain a copy: Dozens of voices celebrate—in essays, logue #06-3089; ISBN 1-4251-1330-3; St. John Valley Times stories, plays, poetry, songs, and art—the US$16.45, C$18.92, EUR12.83, £8.50 160 Main Street Franco-American and Acadian experience Madawaska, ME 04756 in Maine. They explore subjects as diverse http://www.trafford.com/ Email: as Quebec-Maine frontier history, immigrant 4dcgi/robots/06-3089.html [email protected] drama, work, genealogy, discrimination, women, community affairs, religion, archeol- Voyages; A Maine ogy, politics, literature, language, and humor. (Norman Beaupré continued from page Franco- The voices, themselves, are equally diverse, 36) American including Norman Beaupré, Michael Michaud, franco-américaine contemporaine], “the Reader Ross and Judy Paradis, Susann Pelletier, John words that Norman Beaupré puts in la Nelson Martin, Béatrice Craig, Michael Parent, Linda Souillonne’s mouth evoke the social, Pervier, Alaric Faulkner, Ray Levasseur, Yves Madore cultural and linguistic reality of the con- Frenette, Paul Paré, Yvon Labbé, Rev. Clem- and Barry temporary Franco-American society. It Rodrigue, ent Thibodeau, Bob Chenard, Denis Ledoux, Josée Vachon, Greg Chabot, Jean-Paul Pou- becomes a means of survival since she Editors lain, Stewart Doty, Rhea Côté Robbins, and is the guardian of a glossary and of a Published with the Franco-Ameri- many others. This is a rich resource and an en- people.” This is Norman Beaupré’s 9th can Collection, USM Lewiston-Auburn gaging read, one that will resonate with many. book: a bilingual one on folk art, five in College Publication Date: June 2007 French and three in English. He’s already $30.00, Paperback; ISBN 978-0-88448- http://www.tilburyhouse.com/ on his 10th work, a novel based on the 294-9, 7 x 10, 656 pages, photographs/illus- Maine%20Frames/me_voyages.html artistic life of Vincent Van Gogh in Arles. trations Franco-American History/Literature 37 Le Forum (Sitcha Deported continued from page cuffed behind his back, with his legs John Olver of the First Congressio- 22) shackled, and he was then carried in the nal District in Massachusetts wrote vulnerable to deportation at anytime. air by the agents, and thrown into a van. to Sitcha while he was in the PCCF. Once this turn of events were One agent screamed at Sitcha: “F*** The letter seems to have helped Sitcha known to the Sitcha Defense Commit- you! We are stronger than you, and you pass through Customs, and he was not tee, they made an all-out campaign of will be deported today whatever you do. arrested by the Cameroonian police. making numerous telephone calls and Immigrants have no rights here, and all Sitcha is currently living under- writing letters and e-mails to Senators the mother-f***er stuff you are asking ground somewhere in the Cameroon. He Dodd, Lieberman, Kerry and Kennedy, for, will be burned!” The same agent vid- cannot travel because he does not have in an appeal to them to intercede on be- eotaped Sitcha during the verbal abuse. a valid identification card, which means half of Sitcha. The hope was that either Sitcha was then transported from that he cannot pass the police check- Sen. Kerry or Sen. Dodd could summit a Hartford to JFK Airport in New York. points that regularly exist on all major special bill in Congress that would have From the time he was in New York City roads every 50 kilometers within the prevented Sitcha from being deported. to the Cameroon, he was guarded by country. Also, without the identification Members of the group asked Bishop three agents from ICE, and his hands card, he risks arrest by simply leaving Rosazza of the Archdiocese of Hartford and feet were shackled. The first time the place where he is staying, so he is to call the office of Sen. Dodd on behalf he was allowed to use the toilet during effectively under house arrest. He does of Sitcha, and Bishop Rosazza did call the ordeal was when the plane landed have the fear of being arrested by the Dodd’s office about Sitcha. However, in Paris, because the captain of the Air Douala Operational Command due to his the offices of each of the senators ex- France plane interceded on behalf of role in aiding the families of the Bepanda pressed little more than acknowledge- Sitcha. From Paris, the plane went to Nine, who were murdered in 2001 by the ment of reception of the communications. the Cameroon, and before Sitcha was said paramilitary police force. Since he Sitcha was deported on Jan. 23, released, the U.S. agents returned a set of cannot make a living, and his monetary 2008. He was awoken in his cell at the documents to Sitcha, which they claimed assets are still in the United States, he Plymouth County Correctional Facility was his personal papers, however, his is living on the charity of others. His (PCCF) in Plymouth, Mass., at 5AM expired Cameroonian passport and his supporters in Connecticut and Mas- under the pretext that he had a hearing Cameroonian identification card were sachusetts, who are in periodic contact in court. At 9AM, he was told that he missing. The Cameroonian identifica- with him, are trying to figure a means to was being deported, and he was moved tion card that he received was that of get his money to him, although he finally from PCCF to the Federal Building in another Cameroonian man who was held received a check from the PCCF during Hartford. While at the Federal Building by DHS. When Sitcha left the plane, the the first week of April 2008 for the sum in Hartford, Sitcha made the mistake only clothes that he had was his prison from his prison account. Within two of questioning the procedure of his uniform, and sometime between PCCF weeks of his arrival in the Cameroon, deportation, and he was tackled by ten and the Cameroon, he had lost his shoes. he contracted malaria, but he has since agents from Immigration and Customs The only help that Sitcha received obtained medicine to combat the dis- Enforcement (ICE) who assumed that he from an official in the U.S. during the ease. Sitcha is effectively a prisoner of was resisting deportation. He was hand- deportation is from a letter that Rep. where he is hiding in his native country.

(Marcel Roy, Member, Director and Past President of FCGSC, Is Sat. Oct. 20, 2007, he appeared to be in deficit disorder which made collective Remembered continued from page 22) good health when he, Pres. Susan Pa- decision making difficult, the persistent quette and Dir. Albert Marceau represent- rumors among some of the directors that 10, 1995, serving from Sept. 1, 1995 to ed the FCGSC at a booth for the Second the FCGSC was about to break-up, the Aug. 31, 1997. He was elected as a direc- Annual History and Culture Fair hosted relationship between the FCGSC and tor on May 9, 1997, and he continued to by the Mashantucket Pequot Museum and the Killingly Historical and Genealogical be re-elected as a director, and he served Research Center at the Mashantucket Pe- Society concerning the FCGSC Annex at in that office until Tues. Jan. 8, 2008, quot Indian Reservation. The only clue the KHGS, and the matter of the FCGSC when Dir. Ivan Robinson formally an- as to Marcel’s declining health was that charging Connecticut Sales Tax on items nounced at the monthly board meeting he sometimes complained about pains that it sold. Each of these problems were that he had been contacted by Marcel’s in his lower back, in the region of his not settled during Marcel’s presidency, wife, who told him that Marcel resigned kidneys, months before his resignation. with the possible exception of the ru- due to cancer. All who were at the board Marcel’s Presidency at the FCGSC mored break-up of the society, which meeting were surprised at the news, for from Sept. 1, 1995 to Aug. 31, 1997 can faded during Marcel’s second year as although Marcel missed the board meet- be best described as [Marker][Marker], President, possibly because one director ing on Tues. Dec. 4, 2007, he appeared both negative and positive. Marcel faced stopped attending the then irregularly to be in good health at the previous board four problems during his presidency of scheduled board meetings. (On Tues. meeting on Tues. Nov. 6, 2007. Also, on the FCGSC: his apparent adult attention (Continued on page 39) 38 Vol. 33 # 4 • PRINTEMPS/ÉTÉ (Marcel Roy, Member, Director and Past President of FCGSC, Is Remembered continued from page 22) June 2, 1998, the FCGSC Board began the practice to hold meetings on the first Tuesday of the month.) The first problem never left Marcel, and it was the source of continual derision by some directors behind Marcel’s back. (One director, a woman, who admitted that she did not speak any French, was told by others that Marcel spoke “a crazy French.” However, Roger Lacerte, owner of La Libraire Populaire, spoke extensively to Marcel in French at the FCGSC Li- brary on Oct. 19, 1996, and he learned that Marcel spoke an Acadian dialect of French, which is unusual since Marcel grew-up in Holyoke, Mass.) The third “Marcel Roy flanked on the left by Dir. Rolande Clark and Treas. Henri Lanouette, and flanked problem was settled years later when to the right by Dir. Rod Wilscam, Lee DeRagon, and Pres. Ed Ledogar, in front of the Old the contract between the FCGSC and the Tolland County Courthouse, Tolland, Conn., Sat. June 11, 1994. Archives of the FCGSC.” KHGS concerning the FCGSC Annex was properly understood to mean that the library, still open four days a week ten Oct. 19, Roger Lacerte of La Libraire FCGSC Annex consisted of 180 books years later, had 983 visitors in 2006, and Populaire gave a talk, had a selection owned by the FCGSC were on loan to in 2007, 1,100 visitors.) One cause in the of his bookstore, and showed three the KHGS. The matter of the sales tax, peak year of visitors is the article, “When documentaries and a drama. The best which arose because the FCGSC planned the Family’s from French Canada,” by example of the fermentative character to participate in the 4th New England Re- Bill Ryan, published in the Conn. edi- of the day occurred after Lacerte’s talk, gional Genealogical Conference that was tion of the New York Times, Sun. Jan. when Rene Dugas of Taftville appeared held on April 24-27, 1997 in Cromwell, 21, 1996. The article caused a jump for an unscheduled but welcomed talk Conn., was settled by 1998, when Treas. in attendance of patrons to the FCGSC about his book, The French Canadians Henri Lanouette and Dir. Arthur Desro- Library from southwestern Connecticut. in New England 1871-1930: Taftville, siers made all the appropriate filings with The second cause is that the FCGSC par- the Early Years, published in 1995. The the Dept. of Revenue Services at the State ticipated in FrancoFest for the second and society had 398 visitors to its library in of Connecticut. (Curiously, the State of last time in October 1996. FrancoFest October 1996, the single busiest month Connecticut later exempted historical was an idea by Evelyn Sirois of Windsor, of the society’s existence. The events societies from the collection of sales tax Conn., who was then President of Action of October 1996 were billed in the under Public Act No. 97-316.) Lastly, for Franco-Americans of the North East FCGSC Newsletter for Sept. 1996 as, the end of Marcel’s Presidency was not a (ActFANE), who thought that all of the in Marcel’s words: “celebrating Family smooth transition of power to the person French-Canadian organizations in the History Month AND FrancoFest ’96…,” who was elected to the office on May 9, state could host a special event in the Fall and the reason for the dual celebration is 1997, Elizabeth Kelley of Sturbridge, of 1995, and for the event to be annual. that some directors felt that FrancoFest Mass., for she died of leukemia on Aug. Marcel had the philosophy of growth for was either worthless, or would somehow 30, 1997, two days before she would the FCGSC, and for the FCGSC to par- take over the FCGSC, but that Fam- have taken office. Because of her death, ticipate with other organizations, an idea ily History Month was acceptable and the Vice-President Elect, Charles Pel- that some directors found threatening. In conformed to the goals of a genealogi- letier of Storrs, Conn., became the new Sept. 1995, the FCGSC sponsored a talk cal society. In 1997 and 1998 and later President of the FCGSC on Sept. 1, 1997. given by Rod Wilscam on Sun. Sept. 24, years, there were the Thursday seminars The positive tumult of Marcel’s 1995, as participation in FrancoFest. In of Family History Month for October, Presidency of the FCGSC is best shown 1996, Marcel appointed Albert Marceau but the spirit at the seminars were not the in 1996, when the library of the FCGSC as the society’s program director, who same as those of October 1996, because has its greatest number of visitors, 2,557, organized eleven events in October 1996 Marcel was not at the helm, encouraging in any single year of its existence. The that were held on the four Thursdays the Board of the FCGSC to co-operate previous year, the library had 2,431 visi- of the month that had workshops, two with other French-Canadian organiza- tors and then began a decline in 1997 with talks on genealogy, and four talks on the tions, for the benefit of the FCGSC. 2,364 visitors to the library. (The same history of French Canada, and on Sat. (Continued on page 40) 39 Le Forum (Marcel Roy, Member, Director second day, the conventioneers voted to At the FCGSC board meeting of and Past President of FCGSC, Is maintain it. Pres. Morneault said that Tues. Feb. 5, 2008, Patrick Lausier gave Remembered continued from page 39) all the participants would be contacted a report of his visit with Marcel Roy, and Another means that Marcel en- in the future, for any developments and he said that if did not know if Marcel couraged growth of the FCGSC was the next triannual convention of UFAC. were in the particular hospital room, he that he advocated the development of On March 14, 1998, the board of the would not have recognized him, for Mar- the society’s first website, created by FCGSC voted to associate with UFAC. cel lost a great deal of weight, as well as Richard Carpenter, the husband of Re- UFAC sponsored an exhibition of wood his hair. He also said that he sometimes cording Secretary Christine Carpenter. carvings called Sur Bois that was held at helped Frances Roy, since she does not Again, the idea appeared threatening to the Institute for Community Research in have a license to drive, and he would some directors, the same directors who Hartford, and FCGSC Dir. George Daigle take her to the hospital to see Marcel. rumored about the break-up of the FC- had his 15 minutes of fame, because he I visited Marcel Roy once, on GSC. Their fear was that something bad entered four of his wood carvings to Thurs. Feb. 21, 2008, from 7:30 to would happen, such as someone would the exhibit, and on the opening night, 8:02PM, when he was in Room 603 of hack into a database, a Personal Ancestry Sat. Oct. 1, 1998, he was interviewed Hartford Hospital, in a wing dedicated for File, created by Art St. Martin of Broad by WFSB-TV Channel 3, and the inter- cancer patients. I was psychologically Brook, Conn., (No. 385 FCGSC), which view was broadcast on the 11PM news. prepared by Pat Lausier’s description, was on a computer in the main library of Marcel Roy was on the Build- so, I was not as horrified at Marcel’s the society then, and the PAF would ing Association of the French Social emaciated body as I expected to have somehow get sucked into cyberspace. Circle (FSC) in East Hartford, Conn., been horrified. When I entered the room, (Ironically, the PAF created by St. Martin and he would be seen at their functions, he was asleep, and I waited a while, and may now be lost for a different reason, such as the monthly club breakfasts. even asked a nurse if I should wake for it was on a hard-drive of a computer Marcel Roy is best known for him. She said there was no problem that has since been thrown away, and it being the Building Superintendent of in waking him, and we talked a while, is not known if St. Martin saved copies the FCGSC, which meant he did the awkwardly. All the while I spoke to him, of his PAF on disks held by the FCGSC, unglamorous jobs of cleaning the waste I continually thought of the character because, he died on Apr. 23, 2003, and his baskets and the toilet, and changing the Gollum, as portrayed by Andy Serkis in surviving family has since moved out of light bulbs, as well as building shelves Peter Jackson’s film trilogy, The Lord of state.) Nevertheless, Richard Carpenter for the library, and tables for the annual the Rings, because Marcel was emaci- created the FCGSC website, through his book sale. Once or twice a month, when ated, and lost most of his hair, and his home computer, so the first URL of the he worked as the librarian on Sundays, he eyes were larger in his face than when I FCGSC has his name in it, and it was first would often go to Mass at St. Matthew’s remembered him at the last board meet- published in the Dec. 1996 Maple Leaflet. in Tolland in the morning, and he would ing of Nov. 6, 2007. I stayed only two (The same URL is found in the appendix open the library at noon, one hour early, minutes after the official visiting hours section of Armand Chartier’s book, pub- and he would bring some donuts for were over, in part to observe the rules, lished in 1999, The Franco-Americans the other librarians and patrons. In the in part because I lacked anything else to of New England: A History.) Carpenter 1990s, he often worked as a librarian with say to him. As I remember the conversa- changed the URL on Feb. 8, 1999, still Diane Lenti, while in more recent years, tion, he thanked me for the Masses that I with his name in it, and the address first he worked with Estelle Gothberg, both had said for his health at my home parish appeared in the April 1999 Maple Leaflet. of Manchester. Marcel’s apparent adult of Ste-Anne/Immaculate Conception In 2001, the FCGSC Board finally ap- attention deficit disorder was still a prob- in Hartford, and that he expressed con- proved to purchase an URL, and it first lem that he had, and sometimes caused cern for the health of my aging parents. appeared in the Oct. 2001 Maple Leaflet, frustration with other directors, but he Before Marcel died, he received and it is still in use today, [ http://www. was respected for his intentions, for he the last rites from his pastor, Fr. Robert fcgsc.org ]tumultuouswww.fcgsc.org. was hard-working, and he never belittled Roy of St. Rose Parish in East Hartford. Marcel Roy was the official rep- anyone in the society. On the contrary, in On Fri. Mar. 28, 2008, Frances resentative of the FCGSC at the 56th the early 1990s, he was against the cen- Roy telephoned specific persons to Convention of the Union des Franco- sure of one director and past president of notify them of Marcel’s death, and Americains du Connecticut (UFAC), held the FCGSC who was accused of stealing they in turn, notified others either by on the weekend of Oct. 25-26, 1997 at the large numbers of photocopies from the e-mail or by phone. On Sat. Mar. 29, Marco Polo Restaurant in East Hartford. FCGSC, for his rumored genealogical I wrote a notice for the bulletin board The convention was led by Pres. Nor- society. It was Marcel’s attitude that of the FCGSC Library about Marcel’s mand Morneault and Vice-Pres. Therese all the directors were involved in the death and funeral. There were no visit- Lachance, both of Bristol, Conn. The theft of free copies for personal use, and ing hours at the Newkirk and Whitney subject of the convention was whether that the censure was hypocrisy, led by Funeral Home in East Hartford, and or not to dissolve the UFAC and on the a clique within the board of directors. (Continued on page 41) 40 Vol. 33 # 4 • PRINTEMPS/ÉTÉ Marcel Roy, Member, Director about the Raising of Lazarus. (The Rais- in East Hartford. A second undertaker and Past President of FCGSC, Is ing of Lazarus was recently referenced gave out flowers, a statice called Perez’s Remembered continued from page 40) in the Gospel for Holy Monday, March Sea Lavender, for the mourners either to Marcel’s obituary was first published in 17, in John 12:1-11.) Fr. Roy opened keep and remember Marcel, or to leave the Manchester Journal-Inquirer on Wed. his homily with an acknowledgement atop of his casket. Due to the wind, April 2, 2008, the day after the funeral. Marcel’s service to others, his family, the flowers did not stay on the casket. The funeral mass for Marcel Roy his country, since he served in the U.S. At the reception, Frances Roy was held on Tues. April 1, 2008 at his Army in Korea, and that he had a love spoke at a podium in the dining hall, and home parish of St. Rose Church in East of his heritage, for he was active in the she thanked all who came to Marcel’s Hartford, and it was said by Fr. Robert FSC and the FCGSC. Fr. Roy himself funeral, and she said that she was glad Roy, the pastor of St. Rose, as well as mentioned his own heritage is in French to see the people whose names she heard the parishes of St. Mary and St. Isaac Canada, and he said that he grew up in from Marcel, or when they telephoned Jogues in East Hartford. The interior of Chicopee, Mass., near the hometown of him. She said that she was glad to see the St. Rose Church has only two stained- Marcel, which was Holyoke. The theo- people who were simply names to her in glass windows, all others frosted white, logical point that Fr. Roy made was that the past, and that we were able “to break and the sanctuary is centered by three Death was not part of God’s Creation, for bread together.” (There were about 30 banks of pews. The free-standing altar it entered Creation with the Sin of Adam people at the funeral mass, roughly half and podium are made of stained wood, and Eve, and he said that a proof that of whom were members of the FCGSC, equidistant from the center of the sanc- Death is not part of God’s original plan and there were about 30 at the reception.) tuary. The tabernacle is also made of is found in the simple sentence, when She told us about Marcel’s devotion to stained wood, and it is centered and af- Christ heard of the death of Lazarus: the FSC and the FCGSC to the point fixed to the back wall of the sanctuary. “Jesus wept.” Fr. Roy concluded that that if the basement in their home were The pallbearers for Marcel Roy the raising of Lazarus prefigured the flooded, and if someone from either club were James Ashmore, Jim Smyth, who Resurrection of Christ, Who has power called, he would stop what he was doing was Marcel’s next door neighbor, Patrick over Death, that our own deaths will in the basement, and go to the club. She Lausier of the FCGSC and the FSC, John be overcome through the intercession remarked that she was avenged in the Dionne of the FSC, Albert Marceau of of Christ, so long as we do His will. end, for Marcel’s actions caused only the FCGSC, and one of the undertak- At Communion, Fr. Roy was aided more work for himself, for when he ers from Newkirk and Whitney. The by an Extraordinary Eucharistic Minis- returned home, the flooded basement pallbearers carried the casket from the ter, who did not wear an alb, but a plaid would have more water in it than before hearse, up the steps of the church, and purple and white collared shirt and black he left. (There was mild laughter at her into the narthex, where it was placed pants, and to signify his office of EEM in remark.) She also said that Marcel is on a church truck, and two undertak- the Archdiocese of Hartford, he wore at buried wearing a navy blue sweatshirt ers wheeled it towards the sanctuary. the end of a black cord around his neck, made for the 25th anniversary of the Marcel’s casket, which is made a wooden Greek cross with an emblem FCGSC. She also spoke about Marcel’s of stained wood with brass fittings, was on it of loaves and fishes made of pewter. suffering with cancer of the kidneys, in a in the nave, just before the sanctuary, After the funeral mass, the mourn- voice that sometimes cracked with held- and it was draped with a white funeral ers rode in their cars in procession from back emotion. She referenced “phone pall, and atop of it was the U.S. flag St. Rose’s Church to the Veteran’s Me- calls in the middle of the night,” when since Marcel was a veteran. (No-one morial Field within the Silver Lane Cem- Marcel would call her from the hospital from the FCGSC knew that Marcel was etery in East Hartford. The pallbearers at all hours. Her audience was silent at a veteran, for he never spoke about it.) took Marcel’s casket, which had the U.S. her description of Marcel’s suffering. Since the funeral mass was said during Flag draped over it, from the hearse, and Frances Roy went from table to ta- the Easter Season, there were numerous placed it over the grave. Fr. Roy said the ble, speaking to Marcel’s friends and rela- potted lilies in the sanctuary, and the final prayers of the committal ceremony, tives. While at the table where I sat, with Paschal Candle was lit, and it was placed as a strong wind blew on the overcast Susan Paquette, Evelyn Sirois, Pat and between the sanctuary and the casket. day. Then two soldiers began the flag- Doris Lausier and John Dionne, Frances The entire funeral mass was said folding ceremony, as a pre-recorded Taps told us that she and Marcel were members in English, with the exception of the played in the distance. Once the flag was of a French-Canadian club in Hartford in Agnus Dei sung in Latin by the organist folded, one soldier gave it to Marcel’s the early 1970s, which has ceased to ex- just before Communion. The first two wife, and he thanked her for Marcel’s ist. She could not, nor did anyone else at readings were Wisdom 3:1-8 and Romans service to our country. An undertaker the table, remember the name of the club, 6:3-4, 8-9 and they were read by Marcel’s from Newkirk and Whitney Funeral then and she said that she was the secretary of son-in-law, James Ashmore. Fr. Roy, said the funeral ceremony for Marcel the club, although her ancestry is Italian. who wore the white funerary vestments, had ended, and that there would be a read the Gospel, Luke 16:19-31, which is reception at the Marco Polo Restaurant (Continued on page 42) 41 Le Forum Leon Guimond is listed as a direc- 25 Years of the tor on the Incorporation Papers of July 17, 1981 for the FCGSC and he held FCGSC: Part Three, Profiles of Three of membership No. 6 on the earliest known the Five Living Founders membership list of September 1981. Both sources list his address as Enfield, Conn. At the first election of the society By Albert J. Marceau, Newington, CT on Sept. 19, 1982, he was re-elected as In the previous installment in which moved to Newington, Conn. in the a director, as reported in the FCGSC Le Forum, the four deceased founders Fall of 1982. (The Merrow Machine Co. Newsletter for October 1982. He did not of the French-Canadian Genealogical is a manufacturer of industrial sewing finish his term in office, which lasted one Society of Connecticut (FCGSC) were machines, and since 2004, it is called year, for in the FCGSC Newsletter for profiled, and in the current installment of the Merrow Sewing Machine Co., and it March 1983, there is the report: “LONG the series, three of the five living found- is located in West Wareham, Mass.) He DISTANCE He may have moved back to ers are profiled, who are Paul Hebert, considered Henri to be the genealogical Maine, but Leon Guimond is still with us. Leon Guimond and Marcel Guerard. society personified, and to be the biggest Leon #6 is still actively working for the Paul Hebert is listed as the Record- force behind the establishment of the FCGSC, a recent communication from ing Secretary on the Incorporation Papers FCGSC, for he would often go to Canada him resulted in our purchase of almost of July 17, 1981 for the FCGSC, and on to do research. Paul Hebert said that in (Continued on page 43) the earliest surviving membership list of the early days, one name that was con- September 1981, he is member No. 5 of sidered for the FCGSC was the “Franco- Marcel Roy, Member, Director the society. Both sources list his home American Genealogical Society,” but and Past President of FCGSC, Is address as Enfield, Conn. He has the the acronym was not liked, so it was Remembered continued from page 41) second shortest record of service to the dropped. He remembered that the first FCGSC of any of the founders, next to meetings were held in the East Hartford As the reception slowly ended, Ethel Hodgdon, for his name does not Public Library, and that the East Hartford Frances Roy encouraged people to appear on the list of volunteers for the Historical Society was helpful in the take the excess food, which was be- FCGSC Library in the society newslet- formation of the society, and although he ing packed by the restaurant staff. ter for August 1982, and he did not hold could not remember Ethel Hodgdon, who The same day, Tues. April 1, 2008, any office after the initial founding of the was a member of the historical society. the Directors of the FCGSC had their society. On Sept. 19, 1982, the day of the Paul Hebert said that he has since monthly board meeting, which began first election of officers for the FCGSC, done most of his genealogy on the He- at the usual time, at 7PM. Among the which was held at the French Social Cir- bert Family through the internet, from a reports and the votes, the matter of cle (FSC) on 981 Park Street, Hartford, website of a genealogical society based in donations in honor of Marcel Roy to Delores Dupuis, (No. 48 of the FCGSC), New Orleans. I told him that I searched the FCGSC was addressed, and the replaced him as Recording Secretary, as his name on the internet, and found that he board voted to purchase books with the reported in the FCGSC Newsletter for invented a “Low-cost hermetically-sealed moneys donated in Marcel’s memory, October 1982. In the June 1985 issue of squib,” and he replied that he invented it to be commemorated with a book plate the Connecticut Maple Leaf (CML), his while he worked for Morton-Thiokol, and on the inside front cover of the books. new address is listed as Bear, Delaware. that he now works for Boeing. During Marcel Roy was a devoted Ro- On June 18, 2006, I interviewed the conversation, he asked about Henri man Catholic, and I remember in the Paul Hebert by telephone, and he said Carrier, a question that demonstrates late 1990s, after he returned from a Roy that he moved from Enfield, Conn., to his that he cut his ties with the society in Family Reunion in Quebec, he told me current residence of Bear, Delaware in 1990, for Carrier died on Jan. 31, 1991. that among the events at the reunion was 1983, and he remained an paying member At the end of the conversation, he sug- a Mass, concelebrated by 20 priests, all of the FCGSC until about 1990 when he gested that the FCGSC should develop with the family name of Roy. Only one realized that the distance from the library a website with membership privileges. time can I remember him raising his voice was too great, and he would not use it in Before Leon Guimond became while he was President, and this was out the near future. (An estimate from Yahoo a founding member of the FCGSC, he of sheer frustration with some directors Maps on the distance from Bear, Dela- was member No. 577 of the Ameri- who were yelling at him during the board ware to Tolland, Conn., is 262 miles.) He can Canadian Genealogical Society meeting. I cannot remember a time he said that he joined the FCGSC because he (ACGS) in Manchester, N.H., (The returned the belittling remarks that were was interested in his family history, and Genealogist, Feb. 1978), and member said about him. If one were to summarize he knew Henri Carrier when he worked No. 160 of the American French Genea- his life in a sentence, he lived the Golden as an engineer at the Merrow Machine logical Society (AFGS) in Woonsocket, Rule, for he treated others as he himself Company in Hartford, Conn., a company R.I., (Je Me Souviens, Sept. 1978). would have liked to have been treated. 42 Vol. 33 # 4 • PRINTEMPS/ÉTÉ (25 Years of the FCGSC continued from Guimond seemed to try to visit the library with his nine-year old grand-daughter, page 42) at least once a year, as shown in the fol- Lindsey Steele, and it is the only such all of Maine’s repertoires. Keep up the lowing dates: Dec. 23 and 28, 1987; Dec. visit that he made with his grand-daugh- good work.” There is no report in the 28, 1988; Nov. 25, 1989; March 31, 1990; ter. Henri Lanouette died at his home quoted newsletter, nor in the newsletters May 5, 1991; Nov. 27, 1992; March 16 in Enfield, Conn., on Apr. 27, 2003.) of April and of September 1983, as to and Nov. 29, 1993; May 5, 9, 12, 14 and On June 14, 2006, I interviewed who replaced him as director to finish his Dec. 27, 1994; Nov. 27, 1995. He did not Leon Guimond by telephone, and he term of office, so the logical conclusion sign the logs for 1996, 1997 and 1998. said that the reason he left the Board is that the office remained unfulfilled. In The last time he visited the library was of Directors of the FCGSC is because the first issue of the CML, June 1983, his on Dec. 21, 1999. One name that often he moved from Enfield, Conn., to address is listed as Frenchville, Maine. appears with Guimond’s name on the Frenchville, Maine, in order to live in Leon Guimond wrote one article logs is that of Henri Lanouette, No. 34 of his father’s house, which was built in for the CML, published in the Winter the FCGSC. Both names appear on the 1886, on 220 acres of land. (His father, 1992 issue. The article is really a notice logs for Sat. Nov. 25, 1989; Sun. May 5, Albert Guimond, died on Oct. 1, 1985 of correction for the Jolin Family in vol- 1991; Fri. Nov. 27, 1992; Tues. March in Fort Kent, Maine, as found in the ume six of Recueil de Genealogies des 16, 1993; Mon. Nov. 29, 1993; Thurs. pedigree chart that Leon Guimond wrote Comtes de Beauce, Dorcester, Frontenac, May 5, 1994; Thurs. May 12, 1994; for Connecticut Maple Leaf: Members’ Pedigree Charts, Special 1625-1946 by Frere Eloi- Anniversary Issue, 1981- Gerard Talbot, mariste. The 1991.) He said that he has article is simply entitled since sold most of the land, “Jolin (Joler),” and the but retains 65 acres, where opening sentence is cryptic it is “nice and quiet,” and to anyone unfamiliar with in our conversation, he the aforementioned book, somewhat boasted that he as quoted from Guimond: mows five acres of land “While doing further re- regularly. Since it was search on other families who June 14, he remarked that it married Jolins in PQ, it was was his 74th birthday, and discovered that the Talbot he was proud to have been BDF series had several er- born on Flag Day, for he rors on two particular Jolin said that he flies the flag: families: #22 and #23.” In “twenty-four seven.” He the same article, Guimond "Marcel Guerard in the newly opened library of the FCGSC in also boasted that he has five also corrected an error in the the Old Tolland County Courthouse, Nov. 1986. Note the almost children, three of whom Jolin Family Genealogy as bare shelves in the background, and the microfilm reader on are in Connecticut, one in published in the Jan. 1990 the table. FCGSC Archives, DeRagon Collection, Nov. 1986." Phoenix, Arizona, and one issue of Le FAROG Forum. in Frenchville, Maine. He Leon Guimond is also said that he was in listed as a life member of the FCGSC in Tues. Dec. 27, 1994; and Tues. Dec. 21, Korea for one and a half years, and that the Connecticut Maple Leaf: Members’ 1999. Most of the dates occur either just he spent 33 years as a concrete finisher. Pedigree Charts, Special Anniversary Is- after Thanksgiving or around Christmas, As for his memories of the begin- sue, 1981-1991, and in an examination of days when the FCGSC Library is closed ning of the FCGSC, he said that he re- the sign-in sheets for the FCGSC Library, to the public, so, one can conclude that members going to the ACGS with Henri which date back to April 1984 when the Guimond, who was likely in Connecticut Carrier and with Henri’s photocopier, and library was in the FSC in Hartford, he first visiting his children, would call Henri they copied all the books on Kamouraska. visited the FCGSC Library in Tolland Lanouette, who lived in Enfield, Conn., He also said that the FCGSC was housed on Mon. Dec. 29, 1986, almost two and Lanouette would open the library for in the clubhouse of the French Social Cir- months after it first opened. (An estimate Guimond, and they would have a pleas- cle, when it was on Park Street in Hart- from Yahoo Maps on the distance from ant time together working on genealogy. ford, and he remarked that it was open Frenchville, Maine to Tolland, Conn., is There is no record for Guimond visiting only a couple days a week. He said that 510 miles.) The others at the library that the FCGSC Library from 2000 to 2007 he is a life member of the FCGSC, (with day were Evelyn Durgan of Southington, around Thanksgiving or Christmas. membership number 6), and that he was Conn., Henri Carrier of Tolland, Rolande (However, Henri Lanouette may have a member of the genealogical societies in Clark of East Hartford, Richard Poitras missed his Yuletide visit to the FCGSC Montreal, Quebec, Manchester, Woon- of Tolland, and Marcel, Nancy and Marc Library with Guimond, for on Thurs. Guerard of Hartford. From the records, Dec. 28, 2000, he visited the library (Continued on page 46) 43 Le Forum MUSIC MUSIQUE Don is a Franco-American ace fiddler who has been called the dean of Franco-American fiddling in Maine. Don, who also plays guitar, mando- lin and banjo, has been playing since age 6. His uncle Norman Mathieu taught him how to play guitar, and he then accom- panied another uncle, Lucien Mathieu, In 2003, Don and an apprentice who taught him how to play fiddle at 15. won a Traditional Arts Apprenticeship "Hi Everyone, my new CD While growing up in Rockland, he grant from the Maine Arts Commission, has been released." was influenced by fiddlers such as Ben recieving two traditional arts fellow- Guillemette, Joe and Gerry Robichaud, ships for excellence in traditional music. and Graham Townsend. The sounds of Ethnomusicologist Bau Graves Quebec, Ireland, Ontario and the Maritime calls Roy the finest Franco fiddler in Provinces blend in his style of playing. New England, whose playing, “exactly [ http://www.donroyonline. Don Roy learns most of his tunes exemplifies what Franco American fid- com ]www.donroyonline.com by ear, although he occasionally thumbs dling is all about. It is simultaneously pre- through collections of fiddle tunes. In cisely controlled and wildly danceable.” keeping with Acadian tradition, Roy has With pianist/step dancer Cindy [email protected] been passing along his fiddling heritage Roy and bassist Jay Young, they per- to a few private students, as well as a form throughout the Eastern States as larger workshop at the Center for Cul- the Don Roy Trio. In his spare time, tural Exchange, in Portland, Maine. Don custom crafts violins and violas.

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44 Vol. 33 # 4 • PRINTEMPS/ÉTÉ MUSIC/MUSIQUE

French American Music Enterprises announces the following BIG EVENTS with chanteuse/author/poet/ composer LUCIE THERRIEN Save the dates! 1) A BOOK/CD SET, to be launched in October 2008 Title: “DUAL CITIZEN - Deux Citoyennetés” Subtitles: Memoir glimpses; Traditions French-Canadian; Songs & Poems (CD enclosed - 17 selections) The Memoirs are written in English prose and rhythmic poetry, with a French cachet. The original songs & poems are set to music, mostly in English with 2 in French, and in Spanish. 2) THE LAUNCH: WEST END THEATRE, 959 Isling- ton Street, Portsmouth, NH October 3, 4th, and 5th. A concert/ reading/book signing River Run October 8th, Ports- mouth. A reading/book signing TV appearances and much more to come. 3) ENGLISH/FRENCH SUM- MER CONCERTS: (in New Hamp- shire) Concord: The State House. June 21 Erica Brown Rye: Seacoast Academy of Music, Erica began her profession- Bastille day, July 14 al career at the age of seven when Portsmouth: ACT One Festival, at she began performing at churches, the WEST End Theater Aug. 17th nursing homes and fiddle contests. The price for CD’s is $15 each plus CHECK OUT THE LU- $2.50 shipping and handling in the USA. CIE THERRIEN’S NEWLY REFUR- You may purchase a CD online with BISHED WEBSITE http://www.luciet.com/de00019.htm your credit card or by sending a check or for details money order to the following address: PO Box 2444 Lewiston, ME http://www.ericabrownonline.com/ 04241-2444 45 Le Forum (25 Years of the FCGSC continued from page 42) socket, and Biddeford. He also said that he does more genealogy in the Winter, and that he willing to take queries at his e-mail address: [email protected]. He said that he gets three or four people a month who ask him for help in their genealogy, and after he said that he does not charge much, he said that: “it sure don’t pay for the books.” He said that he gets visitors from California, Ohio, and Connecticut, while he gets queries from people in Maine, New Hampshire and Vermont. As for himself, he said that with the price of gas, he does not travel more than a 30-mile radius from “From left to right: Prescott Libbey Brown, Patrick Lausier, Marcel his home. He also mentioned that he was Guerard, Lee DeRagon, Henri Carrier and Jack Valois on the front steps working with another member of the FC- of the Old Tolland County Courthouse, the second home of the FCGSC GSC, Ray Thomas of Plantsville, Conn., Library. Archives of FCGSC, DeRagon Collection, Nov. 3, 1986.” on a gathering of the Charette-Charest with him, he laconically said that he did Meeting. (To quote the newsletter from Family Association that was planned to not attend the gathering. Immediately Sept. 1983: “Election: Due to an over- have taken place on Aug. 12-16, 2006, after I ended my conversation with him, sight at our last meeting, it is necessary for an estimated 75 participants. He I telephoned Ray Thomas who told me for us to have an election for Directors said that when he is no longer able to that the gathering was enjoyable for the to serve on the Board of Directors for continue his work in genealogy, he plans 13 people who attended it, and aside from the 1983-1984 membership year.”) On to donate his entire collection of books on the participants talking about genealogy, Sun. May 19, 1984, he was elected as a the subject to the library in Madawaska. they visited the Blockhouse, an historic director for a one-year term, as reported Leon Guimond ended our tele- fort in Fort Kent, Maine at the confluence in the June 1984 CML. He took office phone conversation of June 14, 2006 with of the St. John River and the Fish River. on Sept. 1, but the formal installation of a remark that he had to go mow his lawn. Before Marcel Guerard became a officers was held on Sun. Sept. 23, 1984, Leon Guimond did not mention founder of the FCGSC, he was member as reported in the CML, Dec. 1984. On during the telephone conversation that No. 1234 of the ACGS, (The Genealogist, Sun. Sept. 22, 1985, he was elected for a he compiled two books on genealogy, Aug. 1980), which is one number lower two-year term as a director, as reported in Mariages de Frenchville, Maine (Saint- than another founder of the FCGSC, Paul both the September 1985 FCGSC News- Luce), 1843-1970 (published in 1987 Quintin, who held No. 1235 at the ACGS. letter and in the CML, Dec. 1985. On by Benoit Pontbriand), and Mariages de Marcel Guerard is listed as the Sat. May 16, 1987, the first time that the la Paroisse Ste-Agathe, 1889-1989, St. Vice-President on the Incorporation elections for officers of the FCGSC were Agatha, Maine, (published in 1990 by Papers of July 17, 1981 for the FCGSC, held in the Old Tolland County Court- Leon Guimond and D. Raymond). He and on the earliest surviving membership house, Marcel Guerard did not run again also did not mention that he has made list of September 1981, he is member for office, and he was replaced by Marcel corrections during his genealogical re- No. 3 of the society. Both sources list Roy, (No. 241 FCGSC), as a Director. search, which are published on the inter- his home address as Hartford, Conn. He The reason that he did not run for office net. The website that I found is entitled was elected as Vice-President on Sat. is given in the Summer 1987 CML: “… Corrections and Additions to [the] Dic- Sept. 19, 1982 in the first election of the Marcel Guerard… regretfully declined tionnaire Genealogique de Madawaska FCGSC. On Sun. Sept. 25, 1983, the to run for re-election due to time con- that he, Leon Guimond, co-wrote with FCGSC again held its second election straints imposed by new employment.” Robert Chenard of Waterville, Maine in at the FSC in Hartford, and Guerard was Marcel Guerard wrote twelve 1994 and revised in 1999. The address elected as a Director of the FCGSC, and articles for the CML. Two are lists of of the website is: http://homepages. Henri Lanouette, No. 34 of FCGSC, was translations, the first is “Understanding roadrunner.com/frenchcx/correct2.htm. elected as Vice-President of the society, Common Terms Found in French Vital On April 11, 2008, I telephoned as reported in the October 1983 FCGSC Documents,” in the June 1984 CML, Leon Guimond again, for an update on Newsletter. The originally scheduled and Glossary of Early French-Canadian the Charette-Charest gathering, and after date for the election was May 21, 1983, Occupations,” in the June 1986 CML. I quickly learned that he was hard of but the election of officers was simply He wrote two articles for the Dec. 1985 hearing, unlike my earlier conversation forgotten at the Spring Membership (Continued on page 47) 46 Vol. 33 # 4 • PRINTEMPS/ÉTÉ (25 Years of the FCGSC continued from 1981-1991. In the same book, he is him, and when I spoke to him on April 11, page 46) listed as a life member of the society. 2008, he remarked that the FCGSC has CML, entitled “Headstone Inscriptions On June 15, 2006, I telephoned not published a repertoire of marriages, – St. Mary Cemetery, Lisbon,” and “St. Marcel Guerard at his home in the south and I replied that some volunteers at the Thomas Cemetery, Griswold.” In the end of Hartford, and he said that he first FCGSC have started a necrology based paired articles, Guerard culled the French met Henri Carrier in the genealogical upon the records of a funeral home in surnames from the list of names found library of the Latter Day Saints in Man- Fall River, Mass., but the project stalled in the two cited cemeteries as found in chester, Conn. He remembered that a couple years ago. Of course, both of us the Charles Hale Collection of the Con- Carrier would often travel to Canada for mentioned that the FCGSC does publish necticut Headstone Inscriptions, which genealogical books, and that the bulk of the semi-annual CML and the quarterly was a WPA Project. The parishes that the books that were initially used as the newsletter, The Maple Leaflet. All three own the respective cemeteries are Our first library of the FCGSC in the French of the founders use the internet, and it is Lady of the Rosary Church in Jewett City, Social Circle were loaned by Lorraine curious that both Paul Hebert and Mar- and St. Thomas’ Church in Voluntown. Harlow. He said the first library room cel Guerard said that they now do most In the same issue, Guerard wrote a third was effectively a large clothes closet near of their research on the internet, it was article, “Memorial to Veterans of Three the club bathroom. He recollected one Leon Guimond who offered his e-mail Wars: North Grosvenordale,” which is a bad experience about the first library, for address for queries, and of the three, he list of veterans of the Civil War, Span- one night the club parking lot was full, is the only one to have published mate- ish-American War and World War One so he parked his car on the nearby street rial that is easily found on the internet. from the monument erected on May of Park Terrace, and when he returned In the next installment, the re- 30, 1932 on the grounds of St. Joseph to his car later, the rear two wheels were maining two founders of the FCGSC Church in North Grosvenordale. In the stolen. In contrast, he liked the current will be profiled, who are Laurette Bil- June 1985 CML, he wrote six articles, location of the library in Tolland, where lig and Lee DeRagon. Also in the next four are listings of Franco-American it was good and clean. He said that he installment, Patrick Lausier and his wife deaths in Bristol, Norwich, Waterbury was Vice-President of the society for one Doris will be profiled since they both and Naugatuck for the years 1886 to term only, at the time of incorporation. hold membership No. 4 in the society, 1897, another of Franco-American mar- (He apparently forgot about his election and they replaced Ethel Hodgdon as a riages in Waterbury for the years 1887 to to the office on Sept. 19, 1982.) He said Founder of the FCGSC, when the In- 1891, and a listing of officers of L’Institut that he contributed articles to the CML in corporation Papers of July 17, 1981 is St. Joseph, L’Union St. Joseph, Societe the early years of its publication, and that cross-referenced with the earliest FCGSC St-Jean-Baptiste and the Bande St-Jean- he is a life member, and today, he does membership list of September 1981. Baptiste as found in the Waterbury City most of his genealogy on the internet. Directory 1888. His last article is in the To conclude on the Profiles of Dec. 1986 CML, entitled, “Suggested Three of the Five Founders of the FC- Research Sources on ‘The King’s Daugh- GSC, it is curious that the two founders ters,’ (Les Filles du Roy).” His article who resided in Enfield, Conn., at the time listed three books and two articles. The of incorporation, moved out of the state books are Les Filles du Roi en Nouvelle- within two years of the foundation of France by Silvio Dumas, Filles du Joie the society. As such, there are no known ou Filles du Roi by Gustave Lanctot, and photographs in the Archives of the FC- The King’s Daughters by Elmer Cour- GSC of Paul Hebert and Leon Guimond, teau. The articles are “L’immigration because the bulk of the photos were taken des filles de la Nouvelle-Angleterre au at the opening of the FCGSC Library in XIIe siècle” par Gerard Malchelosse, Tolland, in November 1986. Conversely, M.A.S.G in Les Cahiers des Dix, No. Marcel Guerard was an officer of the 15, and “Recherche sur les Filles du Roi society when the FCGSC Library moved dans l’etat civil Parisien” by Yves Landry, from Hartford to Tolland, so he attended Memoires de la Societe Genealogiques the official opening of the library, and Canadienne-Francaise, dec. 1984. so, there are photographs of him in the Marcel Guerard also wrote a Archives of the FCGSC, two of which four-generation pedigree chart of his are included with the article. Of the ancestry, and another of his wife’s three founders, it is clear that Leon Gui- ancestry, plus two direct-line ancestry mond is the most fervent in the field of charts that are published in the Con- genealogy, and he is the only one to have necticut Maple Leaf: Members’ Pedi- published two repertoires of marriages. gree Charts, Special Anniversary Issue, His achievement is a source of pride for

47 Le Forum Wednesday, July 9th, 2008 River Front Park MUSIC/MUSIQUE Old Town Public Library Concert in the Park Series - 6:30 pm Old Town, ME 04468 207.827.3972 Price: free

Saturday, August 9th, 2008 Waterville Opera House Waterville Franco-American Festival - 7 pm Fiddling Demystified One Common Street boreal tordu Waterville, ME Summer Newsletter • www. fiddlingdemystified.com/ C’est la musique originale des Acadiens du Maine. Maine Acadians Tuesday, August 26th, 2008 newsletter.html have been harboring a rich musical Deertrees Theatre and Cultural • TUNE TO LEARN - called culture underground for generations. Center “Raven’s Wing,” this tune is a waltz or Now a new generation of Acadian-Main- 8 pm slow air in 3/4 that fiddlers and dancers eiacs are showing their joie de vivre. Deertrees Road are calling a winner. The A part’s in Em Voilà Boréal Tordu. C’est dingue ça! Harrison, ME and it moves to E major in the B. Go for ticket call 207.583.6747 Contact: ahead and learn it by ear. A new tune, this Price: $14 Robert Sylvain was co-written with Groovemama’s Max Picnicking is encouraged. 30 Mechanic Street Cohen in memory of my father and Julie Please feel free to enjoy a picnic Portland, ME 04101 Beaudoin, who both passed away this dinner on the beautiful Deertrees 207-761-3931 spring. My dad died in Florida at 83 while grounds before the performance. [email protected] Groovemama was on tour and visiting the Grand Canyon. Julie Beaudoin, 87, Andy Buckland Wednesday, October 8th, 2008 passed a month later while she was actu- 278 Maple Avenue Lakeside Theatre ally visiting the canyon with her daugh- Farmington, ME 04938 7pm ters. As many have done before, Max 207.779.0587 2493 Main St. 207.491.7690 Rangeley, ME 04970 [email protected] 207.864.5000 Donna A. Hébert Price: $10 Email: info@fiddlingdemystified.com PO Box 2632, Amherst MA 01004 http://www.borealtordu.com/

smile, always found a way to make oth- Nancy Lamarre ers feel better about themselves and to Acadian Accordion Music from Maine forget their daily worries. Playing the accordion has been a natural extension of Nancy’s love of Acadian French her personality allowing her to breathe music and the accordion has reinvigo- a little love into the community she has rated her. She loves to entertain her called home for the last four decades. audience, relishes seeing their feet To purchase a CD contact: tapping, and takes pride in knowing that she is keeping the tradition alive. Nancy Lamarre Perhaps she is touching lives more than (207) 947-3875 or she realizes. Recently while perform- Lisa Desjardins Michaud at ing at an Alzheimer’s nursing home, she 110 Crossland Hall witnessed a wheel-chair bound, unre- Orono, ME 04469-5719 sponsive patient get up and start doing a two-step, much to the shock of the Email: [email protected] nursing staff. Regardless of the setting, Call: (207) 581-3789 Nancy has always loved to make people 48 Vol. 33 # 4 • PRINTEMPS/ÉTÉ a great tradition. So let’s come together to Centre Franco-Américain and the Associa- share our common background, examine our tion Canado-Américaine (ACA) each have similar experiences and celebrate who we are. extensive library and archive collections, 3.4% of the population of NH speaks open to the public. The Centre also offers French in the home. This might not sound French-language classes, or for those who impressive, until we realize that the only already speak French, there’s the Richelieu Franco-Americans are the largest eth- other language more commonly spoken in International, the only francophone service nic group in this state, ahead of the Irish, Eng- homes in this state is English, and that twice and charity organization in the world. The lish, Italian, German, Scottish and Latino. The as many people in NH speak French at home ACA is the sole Franco-American fraternal 2000 US census reports that Franco-Americans than speak Spanish at home (1.6%). Still, benefit society in the world and has chapters make up 27% of the total population of New I’ve heard Franco-Americans avow time and throughout our state. The American-Canadian Hampshire. Manchester alone is 35% Franco. again, “I don’t speak good French. I speak gut- Genealogical Society offers an easy way to No other group comes close to these figures. ter French.” This is nonsense; this self-abas- connect with our ancestry and roots. And Despite our superior numbers, we ing attitude originates in outdated linguistic for French-language radio, every Sunday are an under-celebrated group. We are snobbery and has no basis whatsoever in fact. morning we have “Chez Nous” on AM 1370. a proud people, but we’ve always been Sadly, Franco-Americans have heard this in- Let’s celebrate and show pride in our unassuming and private in our pride. It’s jurious refrain repeated for so long that we’ve cultural and linguistic heritage. Let’s work to time to cast off this modesty and stand come to believe it, when in fact our French is preserve it and promote it for our sake and for out. We owe it to ourselves to rejoice pub- not only valid, but honorable. It’s the French the sake of our children and grandchildren. licly in our rich culture and varied traditions. of the kings of old France, of Rousseau and We can all draw from the strength of knowing A first step – and an easy way – to Molière, of Champlain. Most importantly, it’s where we come from, from the pride of real- (re)connect with our roots is to simply get the French our people have spoken for cen- izing we’re part of a long and great tradition. together and talk about what it means to turies, right down to our very own mémères And the Franco-Americans will continue with be Franco-American. I’ve encountered and pépères. We can be proud that our confidence and faith for generations to come. countless young Francos who, when we French is genuine and we can laugh at those start talking about one or another aspect who try to belittle us and tell us otherwise. Benoit Pelletier Shoja of the French identity in New England, There are many local groups and 9 Thompson Street exclaim, “I didn’t know that was French! resources available to Franco-Americans, to Concord, NH 03301 I thought everyone did that!” And they go help us maintain our heritage and further our 603-897-5182 away feeling a deeper pride than ever be- culture. For those wishing to deepen their [ mailto:lafrancelaperse@gmail. fore, knowing that they carry inside them appreciation of our history in the world, the com ][email protected]

FAITES SAVOIR CE QUE VOUS PENSEZ VRAIMENT approach to team sales while unquestioningly http://fafemme.blogspot.com/ accepting the bigger is better vs. the home SUNDAY, FEBRUARY 3, 2008 grown, or local. What plays nicely into the globalization is the bigotry residue from eras ...the day big- occasion, once or twice, over the course of previous when the world was on the move otry will die in the your publishing history, a feature, article, or and colonizing was the globalization of the book pertaining to this culture, please read day. Some issues in relation to that colonizing state of Maine on. If you even allow an untranslated French have been eradicated, but some remain. The ...the day bigotry will die in the state of word or two, accents correct or not, into your outreach of the Maine globalization ignores Maine is the day the leading state emporiums works, please read on. Because no matter how in large part the inherent populations of the call to help market Franco-American women’s much you are doing, it is not enough. We need diverse ethnicities that have, and still, exist in literature: I watched a documentary on Billie your help, still. I address this manifesto to the state of Maine. Not to mention the tribes Jean King and what she accomplished, at a the leading sales proprietors who promote present previous to all others who came here young age, to further the cause of women’s and sell the image of the state of Maine, as if and their Native, rich heritage. For example, sports as a result of her work to raise the level it were truth, along the lines of “The Maine as a Maine, award-winning author, if there of awareness about women’s tennis as an That Never Was: The Construction of Popu- was truth in advertising, or something less equal player in the sports world in the 1970s. lar Myth in Regional Culture” by George H. bigoted in action, I would be able to capital- What about the equal importance of present- Lewis. http://dll.umaine.edu/welcome/wom/ ize, across the board, to all marketing em- ing diversity in the sales arena of Maine lewis.htm This manifesto goes even deeper poriums in the state who purport to say they literature? Inspired by Billie Jean King, this than the above-mentioned essay and dares represent the image of the state of Maine. The is my manifesto in regard to that sales arena to demand that the definition of Maine go reality, marketing wise, is not so rosy as the of Maine literature. Let’s talk about the is- beyond the myth-building to include the ac- myth, because my story, as a Franco-Ameri- sue of subtle bigotries. The bigotry of book tual, diverse populations in your offerings of can woman author, does not fit the myth. literature, both for sale or publication. There sales and publication in the state of Maine. See the following website is a claim in the state of Maine to participate If you are one of those enlightened venues for the rest of the article: http://fa- in the global economy, globalization on the who have come into the 21st century and femme.blogspot.com/2008/02/day-big- move, with trade missions and conferences include Franco-American literature, written otry-will-die-in-state-of-maine.html by both women and men, as well as writings talking about the far-reaching corners of the and stories in your publications, or publishing world and the marketing of wares. One of See also: http://fafemme. house, please read on. If you carry one Franco- the leading characteristics of globalization is blogspot.com/2008/03/white-on- American book, male-voiced, or publish, on the erasure of local stories. A one size fits all white-prejudices-critique.html 49 Le Forum

La Famille d’Eugène Thériault et Alice Michaud

[ Photo taken in 1942 ]

FRONT ROW (Left to right): Odette [1940], Paul-Arthur [1939], Régina [1937], Lucienne [1936], Ovide [1933], Béatrice (Betty) [1934], Léon [1930], SECOND ROW (Left to right): Antoinette [1932], Marie-Anne [1931], Jean-Baptiste [1929], Father Eugène [1892-1962], Mother Alice [1896- 1967], Juliette (Judy) in mothers arms [1941], Lévite [1926], Cécile [1927], Yvonne [1920]. BACK ROW (Left to right): Léa (Twin) [1922], Léda (Twin) [1922], Jeanne [1921], Albert [1924], Alfred [1923].

From Ireland, Scotland, Wales and England For Our Families France, Germany, China and Finland. by Landing in a strange new land Aline Cormier ©2001 Native Americans lending a hand. In bibles, wills, old records we look, Sons and Daughters gather round Cemeteries, censuses and all kinds of books. Read these stories that we’ve found of Mothers, Fathers, Sisters and Brothers Digging and searching day after day Aunts and Uncles and many others. Eureka we found it, Hurray, Hurray. Some names and faces you never knew So our legacy to you will be Dates and places, we’ve found them too. Completed pages of our Family Tree. Some came on ships from other lands With hopes and dreams and special plans. http://www.acadian-roots.com/frames.html 50 Vol. 33 # 4 • PRINTEMPS/ÉTÉ http://homepages.road such as the one below are never complete. with alpha suffixes (e.g. 57C) are used mainly However, it does provide you with my most for couple who married in Maine. Marriages runner.com/frenchcx/ recent and complete file of marriages tied to that took place in Canada normally have no the original French ancestor. How to use the suffixes with the rare exception of small let- family listings: The left-hand column lists ters, e.g., “13a.” If there are gross errors or the first name (and middle name or initial, if missing families, my sincere appologies. I any) of the direct descendants of the ancestor have taken utmost care to be as accurate as identified as number 1 (or A, in some cases). possible. Please write to the FORUM staff The next column gives the date of marriage, with your corrections and/or additions with then the spouce (maiden name if female) fol- your supporting data. I provide this column lowed by the townin which the marriage took freely with the purpose of encouraging Fran- place. There are two columns of numbers. The co-Americans to research their personal gene- one on the left side of the page, e.g., #2, is the alogy and to take pride in their rich heritage. child of #2 in the right column of numbers. The French His parents are thus #1 in the left column of numbers. Also, it should be noted that all the persons in the first column of names under the Origin Displayed: French Connection same number are siblings (brothers & sisters). Franco-American Families There may be other siblings, but only those Spelling variations of this fam- who had descendants that married in Maine ily name include: Gueret, Guerette, of Maine are listed in order to keep this listing limited par Bob Chenard, Guéret, Guérette and others. in size. The listing can be used up or down First found in Maine. Waterville, Maine - to find parents or descendants. The best Some of the first settlers of this way to see if your ancestors are listed here is family name or some of its variants were: to look for your mother’s or grandmother’s 40 individuals who arrived from France Les Familles maiden name. Once you are sure you have the to Canadian shores between 1600 and right couple, take note of the number in the 1900. Among them, Jacques Gueret mar- Guérette left column under which their names appear. ried in Beauport in 1694; Jean-Baptiste Then, find the same number in the right-most Gueret married in Kamouraska in 1733. Welcome to my "Genealogy Column." column above. For example, if it’s #57C, sim- Numerous families have since been published. ply look for #57C on the right above. Repeat Copies of these may still be available by writ- the process for each generation until you get ing to the Franco-American Center. Listings back to the first family in the list. The numbers GUÉRETTE

FAMILY #1

Michel Quéret (later Guéret) [dit Latulippe*] born 1668 in France, died 1746 in PQ, originated from around Aix-en-Provence, married in 1697 at La Durantaye, PQ to Françoise Davennes, born 1680 in PQ, died 1757 in PQ, daughter of Charles Davennes and Marie DeNoyon. NOTE: see also LATU- LIPPE

1 Michel 1697 Françoise Davennes La Durantaye 2 2 Joseph 1m. 18 Nov 1726 Angélique Larochelle Beaumont “ 2m. 28 Nov 1742 M.-Anne Lacroix St.Michel Simon 30 May 1728 M.-Claire Roy St.Vallier 3 3 Étienne 24 Feb 1773 Josette Rémillard St.Vallier 6 6 François* 1m. 08 Jan 1798 M.-Anne Landry St.André, Kam. “ 2m. 08 Jan 1810 Ursule Mignault Kamouraska 10 Bénoni* 09 Jan 1804 Salomée Paradis Kamouraska 11 Jean 11 May 1812 Anastasie Hudon-Beaulieu Kamouraska 12 Joseph 18 Sep 1815 Agathe Hudon-Beaulieu Kamouraska 13 10 Joseph 06 Mar 1848 Esther Dumont St.André, Kam. 20 Ignace 12 Feb 1849 Adéline Dionne St.Pascal, Kam. 21 11 Étienne 15 Jan 1827 Félicité Michaud Kamouraska 22 Théophile 12 Jan 1836 Marie Lavoie Kamouraska 23 12 Germain 01 Feb 1842 Virginie Ouellette St.Basile, NB 12A (Continued on page 52) 51 Le Forum GUÉRETTE Georges 21 Feb 1843 Flore Picard St.Basile, NB 12B Jean 1m. 10 Apr 1837 Suzanne Martin St.Basile, NB 12C “ 2m. 09 Sep 1845 Basilisse Martin Frenchville, Me. 12D Cyrille 19 Jan 1846 Modeste Martin Frenchville, Me. 12E Jean-Ferdinand 14 Jan 1851 Aglaé Gagnon Frenchville, Me. 12F 13 François-X. 15 Aug 1837 Adélaïde Boisbrillant Kamouraska 28 Alexandre 26 Jul 1842 Emilie Morin Kamouraska 30/13A 20 Israël-J. 09 Jan 1877 Aurélie Bouchard St.Alexandre, Kam. 20A “Ozille” 21 Théodule 1m. 24 Feb 1873 Olympe Paradis St.Alexandre 21A “ 2m. 25 Oct 1897 Sophie Dubé Waterville(SFS) 22 Pierre 11 Feb 1861 Eléonore Nicknair St.André, Kam. 22A 23 Siméon 05 Feb 1878 Tharsille Lavoie St.Honoré, Témis. 23A 28 François-X. 23 Jan 1866 Arthémise Roy Kamouraska 28A 30 Honoré 26 Nov 1872 Clémentine Chouinard Ste.Hélène, Kam. 46 Élisée 29 Nov 1881 Odélie “Delia” Brillant Ste.Hélène 30A 46 Wilfrid 11 Feb 1896 Victoire Michaud St.André, Kam. 46A

The following are descendants of the above who married in Maine:

12A Georges 13 Oct 1873 Philomène/Félinise Dubé Frenchville 12G 12B François 07 Jan 1878 Julie Castonguay Frenchville 12H 12C Ignace 09 Jan 1882 Marie Dionne Frenchville 12J 12D Jean 30 Jan 1866 Marie Bourgoin Frenchville 12K1 Félix 13 Nov 1873 Élise-Céline Dionne Frenchville 12K2 Laëtus 07 Nov 1886 M.-Méthilde Bouchard Frenchville 12K3 12E Cyrille 27 Jul 1885 Jeanne Hébert Frenchville 12L1 Ignace 22 Jul 1890 Desneiges Albert St.François, NB 12L2 12F Jean-Ferdinand 23 Oct 1881 Nathalie Soucy Frenchville 12M1 Joseph 23 Oct 1882 Clarisse Soucy Frenchville 12M2 Simon 04 Nov 1890 Célina Michaud Frenchville 12M3 Cyrille 31 Jul 1893 Éloïse Gagnon St.Agathe, Me. 12M4 Lévi 10 Feb 1902 Victoria Fortier Rumford(St.John) 12G Joseph 08 Sep 1902 Élise Langlais St.Agathe, Me. Georges 04 Nov 1912 Philomène Guérette Frenchville 12N1 12H François 1m. 31 Mar 1913 Modeste Ouellette Frenchville 12P1 “ 2m. 09 Jan 1953 Elisabeth Bouchard Augusta(St.Aug.) Joseph 13 Nov 1916 M.-Emelie Cyr Lewiston(SPP) 12J Joseph-I. circa 1915 Élise Sirois Frenchville ? 12Q1 12K1 Jean 07 Oct 1900 Desanges Bossé St.Jacques, NB 12Q2 12K2 Félix-Willie 22 May 1937 Irène Neveux Biddeford(St.André) 12K3 M.-Rose 07 Sep 1936 Patrice-Henry Roy Augusta(St.Aug.) 12L1 Alfred 2m.! 25 May 1967 M.-Ange Pomerleau Lewiston(SPP) 12L2 Marie 14 Jun 1920 Philias-J. Duclos Augusta(St.Aug.) Albert-J. 05 Jan 1926 Éva Desrosiers St.Agathe, Me. 12Q3 Lattie-M. 20 Jun 1928 Émile-Henry Lacasse Augusta(St.Aug.) 12M1 Fortunat 24 Feb 1908 Elizabeth Bouchard Frenchville 12R1 12M2 Thomas 17 Jun 1912 Euphémie Picard St.Agathe, Me. 12S1 Cyrille 17 Apr 1917 Anna Michaud St.Quentin, NB 12S2 Henri 24 Jul 1917 Alexina Lepage St.Hubert, R.-Lp. 12S3 Albert 02 Jul 1923 Sophie Dubois Lewiston(St.Mary) 12S4 Alphée-J. 29 Aug 1936 Mathilda-Mgte. Gagnon Lewiston(St.Mary) 12M3 Ferdinand 30 Jan 1922 Alice Audette Waterville(SFS) 12T1 12M4 Aurélla 30 Jun 1930 Hilaire-J. Roy Waterville(SFS) (Continued on page 53) 52 Vol. 33 # 4 • PRINTEMPS/ÉTÉ GUÉRETTE Léon 15 Jul 1939 M.-Marthe Michaud Waterville(SFS) 12U1 12N1 Patrick 14 Nov 1944 Bernadette Landry Biddeford(St.Jos.) 12V1 12P1 Aurèle-J. 05 May 1941 Cléora Rancourt Waterville(ND) 12V2 12Q1 Lorraine 28 May 1943 Laurier-Wilfrid Caron Lewiston(St.Mary) Léo-J. 01 Sep 1945 Carmen Godin Lewiston(SPP) Gérard-L. 27 Jul 1946 Marcella Bernaiche Lewiston(SPP) 12V3 Candide-M. 02 Sep 1946 Marcel-P. Larrivée Lewiston(SPP) René-J. 30 Jul 1949 Alma Rossignol Lewiston(SPP) Onésime-G. 24 May 1952 Wilda-E. Caron Lewiston(SPP) Rosaire-V. 06 Jun 1970 Claire Erskine Auburn(SH) 12Q2 Desneiges 23 Oct 1928 Ernest Marquis St.Agathe, Me. 12Q3 Dorina-Cécile 25 Sep 1954 Elbridge-H. Lacasse Augusta(St.Mary) 12R1 Léo-J. 06 Jul 1936 M.-Anna Poulin Augusta(St.Aug.) Odile-M. 18 Nov 1940 Floris-Hector Pelletier Augusta(St.Aug.) Jeannette-M. 10 Jun 1941 Léopold-Esdras Poisson Augusta(St.Aug.) Armand-J. 30 Jun 1941 Anita-Anna Gilbert Augusta(St.Aug.) 12W1 Corinne-M. 19 Aug 1944 Arthur Collette Lewiston(SPP) Lorette-M. 02 Sep 1946 Lucien-Rosaire Arbour Augusta(St.Aug.) Albert 24 Nov 1949 Lucille Fortin Waterville(SFS) Sylvio 24 Jul 1954 Germaine Bélanger Lewiston(SPP) Thérèse-M. 04 Jul 1961 Eugène-Wm. Michaud Waterville(SFS) 12S1 Orilla 06 Mar 1946 Raymond Allie Biddeford(St.André) Robert 21 May 1949 Thérèse Leclerc Biddeford(St.Jos.) Normand 29 Nov 1952 Cécile Bergeron Biddeford(St.Jos.) 12S2 Maurice 23 Jun 1947 Muriel Champagne Lewiston(SPP) 12X1 12S3 Lucienne 28 Jun 1941 Donatien Tardif Lewiston(SPP) Lucien-H. 1m. 08 Aug 1942 Cécile Bélanger Lewiston(SPP) “ 2m. 21 Mar 1970 Reina Pellerin Lewiston(SPP) Fernande 23 Oct 1948 Raymond Nadeau Lewiston(SPP) Rolande 11 Jun 1949 Albert Blouin Lewiston(SPP) Roland-Robert 19 Apr 1954 Doris-C. St-Germain Lewiston(HF) 12S4 Aurèle 26 Apr 1947 Luciana Baillargeon Lewiston(HC) 12Y1 Louis 02 Jul 1947 Pauline Comeau Lewiston(SPP) Auréla 03 Jan 1948 Roger Veilleux Lewiston(SPP) 12T1 Rose-Emma 04 Sep 1944 Raymond-Ed. Morissette Waterville(SFS) 12U1 Léon 20 May 1967 Dorothy Chassé Augusta(St.Aug.) 12V1 Maurice-Pat. 30 Sep 1967 Diane-R. Bernier Biddeford(St.André) 12V2 Camilla 31 May 1969 Bruce-P. Carson Winthrop(SFX) Estelle-Laurette 26 Jun 1971 Daniel-Cleo Quimby Waterville(ND) Géraldine-Anne 20 Jul 1974 Donald-Richard Maheu Waterville(ND) 12V3 Barbara 15 Jun 1968 Claude Dubois Lewiston(SPP) Jacqueline 04 Jan 1969 Robert-A. Roy Lewiston(SPP) Irène 18 Apr 1970 Donald-D. Moore Lewiston(SPP) Pauline 08 Apr 1972 Raymond Goulet Lewiston(SPP) Susan 29 Sep 1973 Gérard Gagnon Lewiston(SPP) Tina-Marie 31 Mar 1977 David-Alan Wing Lewiston(St.Pat.) 12W1 Jeanne-C. 21 Jul 1962 Donald-C. Fortin Augusta(St.Aug.) Donald 06 Jun 1964 Patricia Dumont Augusta(St.Aug.) Constance 19 May 1973 Gary-Lewis Nadeau Augusta(St.Aug.) 12X1 Diane-Éva 03 Jul 1971 Richard-P. Cloutier Lewiston(HC) Anita 11 Dec 1971 Gérald Tanguay Lewiston(HC) Louise 16 Aug 1975 Maurice Boulet Lewiston(HC) 12Y1 Joan-M.-Anna 07 Sep 196_ Claude-L. Gauthier Lewiston(HF) 13A Joseph 12 May 1874 Marie Potvin Lewiston(SPP) (Continued on page 54) 53 Le Forum GUÉRETTE Jean 20 Aug 1877 Délia Charette Lewiston(SPP) 13B Joséphine 15 Oct 1887 Élyse Souci Lewiston(SPP) 13B John 11 Jan 1904 Marie Custeau Springvale(ND) 20A M.-Louise 16 Jun 1902 Napoléon Lamarre Brunswick(SJB) Jean-Baptiste 08 Jul 1902 Luce-Pomela Thibeault Burnswick(SJB) 20B Jos.-Désiré 21 Mar 1909 M.-Joséphine Martin Brunswick(SJB) 20C Louise-Exilda 10 May 1909 Alfred Marquis Brunswick(SJB) Alcide 18 Aug 1913 Lottie-M. Bibber Brunswick(SJB) Alphonsine 05 Jun 1916 Arthur Bouchard Brunswick(SJB) 20B Alphonse-J. 28 Jan 1924 Rose-Aimée Vachon Brunswick(SJB) Célia 09 Jan 1928 Alphonse Petit Brunswick(SJB) Germaine 24 Oct 1932 Petro Aloisio Brunswick(SJB) 20C Theresa-M. 14 Jun 1941 James-Edward White Brunswick(SJB) Elizabeth-M. 13 Jun 1942 Flavien-J. Richard Brunswick(SJB) Richard-J. 10 Jan 1953 Ann-Kent Eaton Brunswick(SJB) Robert-J. 29 May 1953 Verna-E. Joslyn Brunswick(SJB) 20D 20D Edward-J. 30 Jul 1977 Janet-Alma Cantara Brunswick(SJB) Darlene-Ann 07 Jun 1975 Gordon Field Brunswick(SJB) 21A Amanda-M. 03 May 1897 Hubert Veilleux Waterville(SFS) Élida 18 Jun 1900 Joseph Pleau Waterville(SFS) Anna 01 May 1905 Joseph Poulin Waterville(SFS) 22A Joseph 09 Jan 1905 M.-Jeanne Bouchard Caribou(SC) 22B 22B Célia 24 Feb 1925 Joseph Thériault Caribou(SC) 23A George 03 Apr 1928 Huldah Armstrong Brunswick(SJB) 28A Marie 24 Apr 1893 Joseph Gagnon Brunswick(SJB) Joséphine-M. 28 Oct 1895 Prudent Racine Brunswick(SJB) 30A Alvine 12 Jan 1915 Alfred Boies Lewiston(St.Mary) Sadie-M. 22 Aug 1915 Joseph Pelletier Lewiston(St.Mary) 46A Raoul 07 Jul 1924 M.-Louise Ouellette Lewiston(St.Mary) 46B Charles-E. 07 Jul 1924 Julie Currier(Carrier) Winthrop(SFX) 46C 46B Murielle 23 Apr 1949 Conrad Davis Auburn(St.Louis) Normand-Eugène 11 Apr 1959 M.-Jeanne Asselin Auburn(St.Louis) 46C Theresa 18 May 1946 Charles Morrison Winthrop(SFX) Lawrence 29 Aug 1953 Gail-Ann Lincoln Winthrop(SFX) 46D Raymond 08 Aug 1955 Gervaise Provencher Lewiston(SPP) Robert-Chls. 15 Sep 1979 Betty-M. Kelley Winthrop(SFX) 46D Richard 24 Jul 1982 Susan Healey Winthrop(SFX)

(See the fall issue of Le Forum for more Guérette genealogy)

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Trivia: Founded by the French and Special Occasion Flowers the Indians, Chicago is pronounced with the French pronunciation of Specializing in Weddings, the sound ch as opposed to the prom flowers, and parties English ch (China, Chair, etc...) “With Over 20 years Experience” Detroit was founded by Antoine de la Mothe Cadillac, a French army By Appt. (207) 827-0104 captain and was originally called Fort Floral Designer Linda Smith Pontchartrain du Détroit, after the minister of marine under Louis XIV and the French word for “strait.” The limousine, invented as a co-project between Ford and Cadillac, is named for the French province of Limousin, and is as- C H A B O T sociated with the long cloaks once words • ideas • results • marcom • advertising • PR worn by the shepherds there[1] The Louisiana Territory, sold Greg Chabot to the United States in 1803, com- Owner prised 15 of today’s modern states (from North to South: Montana, Chabot, INK • 310 Main Ave. • South Hampton, NH 03827 North Dakota, South Dakota, Wyo- Phone: (603) 394-0770 • email: [email protected] ming, Minnesota, Iowa, Nebraska, Colorado, Kansas, Missouri, Okla- homa, Arkansas, Louisiana and parts of Texas and New Mexico). Little Canada, Minnesota located Abonnement au Le FORUM Subscription between Minneapolis and Saint Paul, Si vous ne l’êtes pas abonnez-vous –– s.v.p. Minnesota has the largest French- American (or Canado-Americaine) –– Subscribe if you have not community outside the Northeast. The first daylight march of Nom/Name: the KKK occurred in Milo Maine Adresse/Address:

Métier/Occupation:

Ce qui vous intéresse le plus dans Le FORUM section which interests you the Endowment most:

Je voudrais contribuer un article au Le FORUM au sujet de: One way to support Le I would like to contribute an article to Le FORUM about: FORUM while at the same time reserving life Tarif d’abonnement par la poste pour 4 numéros income is the establish- Subscription rates by mail for 4 issues: ment of a charitable gift États-Unis/United States –– Individus: $20 Ailleurs/Elsewhere –– Individus: $25 annuity with the Franco- Organisation/Organizations –– Bibliothèque/Library: $40 American Centre Le FO- Le FORUM RUM Fund at the Univer- Centre Franco-Américain, Orono, ME 04469-5719 sity of Maine Foundation. Call 1-800-982-8503. 55 THE FRANCO AMERICAN CENTRE LE CENTRE FRANCO AMÉRICAlN DE OF THE l’UNIVERSITÉ DU MAINE UNIVERSITY OF MAINE Le Bureau des Affaires franco-américains de l’Université The University of Maine Office of Franco American Affairs du Maine fut fondé en 1972 par des étudiants et des bénévoles de was founded in 1972 by Franco American students and community la communauté franco-américaine. Cela devint par conséquent le volunteers. It subsequently became the Franco American Centre. Centre Franco-Américain. From the onset, its purpose has been to introduce and inte- Dès le départ, son but fut d’introduire et d’intégrer le Fait grate the Maine and Regional Franco American Fact in post-sec- Franco-Américain du Maine et de la Région dans la formation ondary academe and in particular the University of Maine. académique post-secondaire et en particulier à l’Université du Given the quasi total absence of a base of knowledge within Maine. the University about this nearly one-half of the population of the Étant donné l’absence presque totale d’une base de connais- State of Maine, this effort has sought to develop ways and means sance à l’intérieur même de l’Université, le Centre Franco-Améri- of making this population, its identity, its contributions and its cain s’efforce d’essayer de développer des moyens pour rendre history visible on and off campus through seminars, workshops, cette population, son identité, ses contributions et son histoire conferences and media efforts — print and electronic. visible sur et en-dehors du campus à travers des séminaires, des The results sought have been the redressing of historical ateliers, des conférences et des efforts médiatiques — imprimé et neglect and ignorance by returning to Franco Americans their his- électronique. tory, their language and access to full and healthy self realizations. Le résultat espéré est le redressement de la négligence et de Further, changes within the University’s working, in its structure l’ignorance historique en retournant aux Franco-Américains leur and curriculum are sought in order that those who follow may histoire, leur langue et l’accès à un accomplissement personnel sain experience cultural equity, have access to a culturally authentic et complet. De plus, des changements à l’intérieur de l’académie, base of knowledge dealing with French American identity and the dans sa structure et son curriculum sont nécessaires afin que ceux qui nous suivent puisse vivre l’expérience d’une justice culturelle, contribution of this ethnic group to this society. avoir accès à une base de connaissances culturellement authentique MISSION qui miroite l’identité et la contribution de ce groupe ethnique à la • To be an advocate of the Franco-American Fact at the société. University of Maine, in the State of Maine and in the region, and OBJECTIFS: 1 – D’être l’avocat du Fait Franco- • To provide vehicles for the effective and cognitive Américain à l’Université du Maine, dans l’État du Maine et dans expression of a collective, authentic, diversified and effective la région. voice for Franco-Americans, and 2 – D’offrir des véhicules d’expression affective et cognitive • To stimulate the development of academic and non- d’une voix franco-américaine effective, collective, authentique et academic program offerings at the University of Maine and in the diversifiée. state relevant to the history and life experience of this ethnic group 3 – De stimuler le développement des offres de programmes and académiques et non-académiques à l’Université du Maine et dans • To assist and support Franco-Americans in the actual- l’État du Maine, relatant l’histoire et l’expérience de la vie de ce ization of their language and culture in the advancement of groupe ethnique. careers, personal growth and their creative contribution to society, 4 – D’assister et de supporter les Franco-Américains dans and l’actualisation de leur langue et de leur culture dans l’avancement • To assist and provide support in the creation and imple- de leurs carrières, de l’accomplissement de leur personne et de leur mentation of a concept of pluralism which values, validates contribution créative à la société. and reflects affectively and cognitively the Multicultural Fact in 5 – D’assister et d’offrir du support dans la création et Maine and elsewhere in North America, and l’implémentation d’un concept de pluralisme qui value, valide et • To assist in the generation and dissemination of knowl- reflète effectivement et cognitivement le fait dans le Maine et ail- edge about a major Maine resource — the rich cultural and leurs en Amérique du Nord. 6 – D’assister dans la création et la publication de la con- language diversity of its people. naissance à propos d’une ressource importante du Maine — la riche diversité

Université du Maine Non-Profit Org. Le FORUM U.S. Postage Centre Franco-Américain PAID Orono, ME 04469-5719 Orono, Maine Permit No. 8 États-Unis