Initial Environmental Examination - Updated

Project Number: 42361-013 Loan 2979-CAM/Loan 8264-CAM

November 2019

CAM: Medium-Voltage Sub-Transmission Expansion Sector Project (former name: Rural Electrification Project)

Package 1

Prepared by the Electricite du Cambodge for the Asian Development Bank.

This updated initial environmental examination is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. Your attention is directed to the “terms of use” section on ADB’s website.

In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area. KINGDOM OF CAMBODIA Nation Religion King

ELECTRICITÉ DU CAMBODGE

Medium Voltage Sub-Transmission Expansion Sector Project, Package 1

ADB Loan N° 2979 CAM (SF)

UPDATED INITIAL ENVIRONMENTAL EXAMINATION

NOVEMBER 2019

Korea Electric Power Corporation in association with Cheang Engineering Consultants Co.,Ltd

Initial Environmental Examination Report MV Sub-Transmission P1-ADB Loan N° 2979

Subproject 1: Kampong Thom Province

Subproject 2: Kampong Cham Province

Subproject 3: Siem Reap Province

Initial Environmental Examination Report MV Sub-Transmission P1-ADB Loan N° 2979

Currency Equivalents

(National Bank of Cambodia official exchange rate as of June 2012)

Currency Unit - Riel (KHR) KHR 1.00 = US$ 0.000246 US$ 1.00 = 4,065 KHR

ABBREVIATIONS

ADB Asian Development Bank AP Affected Person APL Angkor Protected Landscape ASEAN Association of Southeast Asian Nations CDM Clean development mechanism CDHS Cambodia Demographic and Health Survey CEMP Construction Environmental Management Plan CITES Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species CMAA Cambodian Mine Action and Victim Assistance Authority EA Executing Agency EAC Electricity Authority of Cambodia EARF Environmental Assessment Review Framework EDC Electricité du Cambodge EIA Environmental Impact Assessment EMP Environmental Management Plan EMoP Environmental Monitoring Plan EPI Environmental Performance Index FGD Focus Group Discussion GDP Gross Domestic Product GMS Greater Mekong Sub-region GNI Gross National Income GRM Grievance Redress Mechanism HDR Human Development Report IA Implementing Agency IBA Important Bird and Biodiversity Area IEE Initial Environmental Examination IEIA Initial Environmental Impact Assessment IMR Infant Mortality Rate LAB Lead Acid Battery MAPU Mine Action Planning Unit MEF Ministry of Economy and Finance MIME Ministry of Mines and Energy MOE Ministry of Environment NTFP Non-timber forest products OFID OPEC Fund for International Development PCB polychlorinated biphenyl PCR Physical Cultural Resource

i Initial Environmental Examination Report MV Sub-Transmission P1-ADB Loan N° 2979

PIC Project Implementation Consultant PPA Power Purchase Agreement REA Rapid Environmental Assessment REE Rural Electrification Enterprise RGC Royal Government of Cambodia RP Resettlement Plan SEDP Socio-economic Development Plan SEPRO Social, Environmental and Public Relations Office, EDC SPS Safeguard Policy Statement (of ADB, June 2009) TFR Total Fertility Rate TSBR Tonle Sap Biosphere Reserve ULAB Used Lead Acid Battery UNDP United Nations Development Program UNESCO United Nations Education and Scientific Cooperation Organization UXO Unexploded Ordnance

ELECTRICAL TERMINOLOGY

V (Volt) Unit of voltage kV (kilovolt) 1,000 volts kVA (kilovolt-ampere) 1,000 VA MVA (Megavolt-ampere) 1,000 kVA High Voltage (HV) Voltage level exceeding 35 kV Medium Voltage (MV) Voltage level exceeding 0.6 kV and less than 35 kV Low Voltage (LV) Voltage level less than 0.6 kV HV Transmission System 500 kV (Planned), 230 kV, 115 kV lines MV Sub-transmission System 22 kV lines supplying distribution substations LV Distribution 400/230 V distribution and service lines Grid Substation Substation with primary voltage of 230 kV or 115 kV Distribution Substation Substation with primary voltage of 22 kV and secondary voltage of 400/230 V cct.km circuit kilometers

ii Initial Environmental Examination Report MV Sub-Transmission P1-ADB Loan N° 2979

Contents

ABBREVIATIONS ...... i ELECTRICAL TERMINOLOGY ...... ii LIST OF TABLE...... vi LIST OF FIGURE ...... vii EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ...... 1 I. INTRODUCTION ...... 2 A. Overview ...... 2 B. Scope and Objective of the IEE ...... 2 II. POLICY LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK ...... 4 A. ADB Policies ...... 4 1. Safeguard Policy Statement ...... 4 2. Project Environmental Categorization ...... 5 B. Legal and Institutional Framework of Cambodia ...... 5 1. Environment Law ...... 5 2. Other Regulations with Environmental Implications for Rural Electrification ...... 5 3. National and Regional Environmental Policies and Plans...... 6 4. Electric Power Technical Standards...... 7 5. Heritage Legislation ...... 7 6. International Conventions and Agreements...... 8 III. DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT...... 10 A. Project Scope and Location...... 10 B. Technical Components ...... 14 C. Concrete Poles ...... 14 D. Foundation ...... 14 E. Overhead Ground Wires ...... 14 F. Transformers and Automatic Voltage Regulators ...... 14 G. Construction Activities ...... 14 IV. DESCRIPTION OF ENVIRONMENT ...... 17 A. Physical Resources ...... 17 1. Climate and Air Quality ...... 17 Rainfall...... 17 Temperature ...... 18 2. Air Quality and Noise ...... 19 3. Topography and Soils ...... 20 4. Geology and Seismicity ...... 21 5. Water Quality and Resources ...... 15 B. Biological Resources ...... 15 1. Flora...... 15 2. Fauna...... 16 3. Ecologically Protected Areas...... 17 C. Social Resource ...... 21

iii Initial Environmental Examination Report MV Sub-Transmission P1-ADB Loan N° 2979

C1.Population and Household Composition ...... 21 C.2. Age Structure and Dependency ...... 22 C.3 Ethnic Group and Religion ...... 23 C.4 Literacy of AHs (HHHs and Spouses) ...... 24 C.5 Affected Households’ Head Engaged in Farming and No-farming ...... 25 C.6 Main Sources of Income of Affected Households ...... 25 C.7 Sanitation ...... 26 C.8. Culturally Protected Areas...... 32 V. ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES ...... 23 A. Introduction ...... 23 1. Land Acquisition and Resettlement ...... 23 2. Encroachment on Ecologically Protected Areas...... 24 3. Encroachment on Culturally Protected Areas ...... 24 4. Mines and UXO ...... 25 C. Construction Phase ...... 26 1. Construction Impacts on Property...... 26 2. Interference with Traffic and Access Ways ...... 26 3. Dust and noise...... 26 4. Impacts during the wet season ...... 27 5. Impacts on historical cultural or archeologically significant areas ...... 27 6. Tree removal and pruning...... 27 7. National and International Protection Area (IBA) ...... 28 8. Health and Safety ...... 28 D. Operation and Maintenance Phase...... 28 1. Maintenance...... 28 2. Public exposure to Electric and Magnetic Fields ...... 29 3. Inappropriate Lead Acid Battery Disposal ...... 29 E. Conclusion ...... 30 VI. ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES ...... 31 A. No-Project Option ...... 31 B. Selection of Provinces ...... 31 C. Avoidance of Protected Areas ...... 31 VII. INFORMATION DISCLOSURE CONSULTATION AND PARTICIPATION ...... 37 A. Consultation Activities Undertaken ...... 37 A.1 General Awareness of Project...... 37 A.3 Information Dissemination...... 39 A.4 Information Solicitation ...... 39 C. Additional Planned Disclosure and Consultation Activities...... 39 1. IEE Disclosure ...... 39 2. Consultation and Outreach...... 39 IIX. GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM ...... 40 A. Introduction ...... 40 B. Type of Grievances ...... 40 C. Grievance Resolution Process ...... 41 D. Grievance Follow-up...... 42 E. Confidentiality and Anonymity ...... 42 IX. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN...... 44 iv Initial Environmental Examination Report MV Sub-Transmission P1-ADB Loan N° 2979

A. Introduction ...... 44 B. Environmental Mitigation Measures ...... 44 C. Environmental Monitoring Plan...... 44 D. Institutional Framework for EMP Implementation ...... 49 E. Environmental Safeguards Capacity Assessment and Institutional Strengthening Requirements ...... 50 E. Environmental Management and Monitoring Costs ...... 51 X. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION ...... 52 A. Findings and Recommendations...... 52 B. Conclusion ...... 53 APPENDICES ...... 54 APPENDIX 1: RAPID ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT (REA) CHECKLIST ...... 55 APPENDIX 2: SUBPROJECT 1 AND 2 LINE LAYOUT MAPS ...... 59 APPENDIX 3: SUBPROJECT 3 MAPS ...... 129 APPENDIX 4: DETAILED ALIGNMENT MAPS IN ANGKOR PROTECTED LANDSCAPE ...... 132

APPENDIX 5: MINUTES OF MEETING WITH APSARA AUTHORITY, JUNE 26 2012 ...... 173 APPENDIX 6: SUBPROJECT MINE/UXO MAPS AND CLEARANCE PROCESS ...... 175 APPENDIX 7: Public Consultation: Minute of Meeting, Activities of Meeting and List of Public Consultation ...... 183

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LIST OF TABLE

Table 3.1: MV and LV Clearances ...... 16 Table C.1: Population and Household Composition ...... 22 Table C.2-1: Age – Sex Distribution of Sample HHs ...... 22 Table C.2-2: Age Composition and Dependency Ratio of Sample HHs ...... 23 Table C.3-1: First Language and Ethnic Group of Household Heads ...... 24 Table C.3-2: Religion of Household Heads...... 24 Table C.4-1: Literacy of Affected Households’ Head and Spouses ...... 24 Table C.4-2: Adult Literacy of Age 15 and Over ...... 25 Table C.5: Farming and Non-Farming Affected Households’ Head ...... 25 Table C.6-1: Main Source of Income of the AHs ...... 25 Table C.6-2: Average Annual and Monthly Income (USD) per Capita ...... 26 Table C.7.1-1: Water Sources for Drinking and Cooking ...... 27 Table C.7.1-2: Water Sources for Washing and Bathing...... 27 Table C.7.3-1: Energy Sources for Lighting ...... 27 Table C.7.3-2: Energy Sources for Cooking ...... 28 Table C.7.4-1: Satisfaction with the Project ...... 28 Table C.7.4-2: List of Surveyed Villages ...... 29 Table 7.1: Schedule of Public Consultation Meetings Conducted...... 37 Table 7.2: Schedule of Consultation Meetings with local authorities ...... 38 Table 9.1: Environmental Mitigation Measures...... 43 Table 9.2: Environmental Monitoring Plan ...... 48 Table 9.3: Estimated EMP Budget ...... 51

vi Initial Environmental Examination Report MV Sub-Transmission P1-ADB Loan N° 2979

LIST OF FIGURE

Figure 1.1: Kingdom of Cambodia: Medium-Voltage Sub-Transmission Expansion Sector Project Location Map ...... 3 Figure 2.1: EIA Process in Cambodia ...... 6 Figure 3.1: Route Map with Work Progress in Kampong Cham...... 11 Figure 3.2: Route Map with Work Progress in Kampong Thom ...... 12 Figure 3.3: Route map in Siem Reap ...... 13 Figure 3.3: Cross-section of 22 kV sub-transmission line...... 15 Figure 3.4: Typical MV line pole with transformer ...... 15 Figure 4.1: Monthly and annual rainfall in Kampong Cham, Kompong Thom and Siem Reap Province...... 18 Figure 4.2: Monthly and annual temperature in Kampong Cham, Kompong Thom and Siem Reap Province...... 19 Figure 4.3: Seismic Intensity Map of Southeast Asia...... 21 Figure 4.4: MV line in IBA area in Kampong Thom ...... 16 Figure 4.5: Condition of the MV line in the area of IBA in Kampong Thom...... 17 Figure 4.6: Land Use and Protected Areas, Kampong Thom and Kampong Cham Provinces, Subproject 1and 2 ...... 19 Figure 4.7: Land Use and Protected Areas, Siem Reap Province, Subproject 3...... 20 Figure C.2: Age Pyramid by 5 years of Age Group ...... 23 Figure 4.8: Subproject 3 and Angkor Wat Protected Landscape (APL) ...... 33 Figure 4.9: Typical land use along proposed MV alignment, APL Zone 3 ...... 34 Figure 6.1: MV alignment in Siem Reap and APL prior to ground...... 33 Figure 8.1: Grievance Redress Mechanism (GRM) ...... 43

vii Initial Environmental Examination Report MV Sub-Transmission P1-ADB Loan N° 2979

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

The project will contribute to increasing access to grid-electricity in Cambodia. The outcome of the project is expanded supply of reliable and cost-effective grid-electricity in Kampong Thom, Kampong Cham and Siem Reap province.

Subprojects in Kampong Thom, Kampong Cham, and Siem Reap province have been fully appraised. The three subprojects have been classified as ADB Environment Category B, requiring the preparation of an Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) report. This report has been prepared in accordance with the ADB’s Safeguard Policy Statement (SPS).

The three subprojects will generate insignificant negative environmental impacts due to the following: • the MV (22 kV) sub-transmission lines will be sited along existing road corridors and within existing road reserves - no access roads or transmission line right of way is required; • the scope of construction activities is limited involving small teams of workers, minimal use of powered mechanical equipment and extremely limited excavation; • there will be no significant land acquisition and resettlement impacts, no physical relocation will be required, only limited acquisition of livelihood trees and, possibly, very limited acquisitio n of private land; • no workers camps will be required; • mapping has been undertaken to assess the extent of mine and UXO contamination in the Project area, removal costs have been estimated, and clearance procedures developed; • recycling of used lead acid batteries (ULABs) will be encouraged; • no significant natural habitats will be affected due to the location of MV sub transmission lines along existing road reserves outside of nationally protected areas with biodiversity significance (national parks and wildlife sanctuaries); • impacts within the Angkor Protected Landscape (APL) will be insignificant due to minimal incursions along existing roads at the periphery of the APL, the small scale of construction activities, and implementation of APSARA Authority specified mitigation measures; and, • maintenance during operation will be limited to trimming of vegetation to maintain safety clearances and occasional technical maintenance to ensure safety of lines and pole- mounted transformers.

An Environmental Management Plan (EMP) has been prepared and will be implemented during project design, construction and operation. The EMP identifies potential environmental impacts arising from the project along with a corresponding schedule of mitigation measures to ensure potential impacts are maintained at insignificant levels and that international best practice is applied. It also includes the institutional arrangements for implementing the EMP and monitoring to ensure its effectiveness.

1 Initial Environmental Examination Report MV Sub-Transmission P1-ADB Loan N° 2979

I. INTRODUCTION

A. Overview

1. The project will contribute to increasing access to grid-electricity in Cambodia. The outcome of the project is expanded supply of reliable and cost-effective grid-electricity in Kampong Thom (2 district: Kampong Svay and Prast Sambaur), Kampong Cham (2 districts: Chamkar Leu and Por Nhea Kraek), Siem Reap province (2 districts: Angkor Thom and Svay Leu). The project has three components: (1) Expanded Medium Voltage Sub-Transmission Network; (2) Project Implementation Support; and (3) Improved Operational Effectiveness and Efficiency of EDC. This document relates primarily to components 1 and 2 above. The project is being implemented using a sector approach.

B. Scope and Objective of the IEE

2. This IEE assesses the environmental impacts associated with the construction and operation of 22 kV sub-transmission lines in Kampong Thom, Kampong Cham and Siem Reap province. The three appraised subprojects have been classified as ADB Environment Category B, requiring the preparation of an Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) report.

3. An Environmental Assessment Review Framework (EARF) has been developed to guide the environmental assessment of additional subprojects. This IEE report will serve as a model for the assessment of environmental impacts of additional subprojects.

4. The objectives of the IEE are to:

• assess the existing environmental conditions in the Project areas including the identification of environmentally sensitive areas; • assess the proposed location, design, construction and operation activities to identify and evaluate their potential impacts, and determine their significance; and • propose appropriate mitigation and monitoring measures that can be incorporated into an Environmental Management Plan (EMP) that will avoid or minimize adverse impacts so that residual impacts are reduced to acceptable levels.

5. The IEE is based on secondary sources of information, field inspection, discussions with EDC staff, social surveys and focus group discussions, and consultations with key government agencies including the APSARA Authority and the Ministry of Environment.

6. The IEE is intended to meet the requirements of Cambodian Law and the ADB Safeguard Policy Statement (SPS), June 2009, as described in Chapter II.

2 Initial Environmental Examination Report MV Sub-Transmission P1-ADB Loan N° 2979

Initial Environmental Examination Report

Figure 1.1: Kingdom of Cambodia: Medium-Voltage Sub-Transmission Expansion Sector Project Location Map

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II. POLICY LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK

A. ADB Policies

1. Safeguard Policy Statement

7. This report has been prepared in accordance with the ADB’s Safeguard Policy Statement (SPS) which governs the environmental and social safeguards of ADB's operations. Environmental Safeguard Requirements 1 of the SPS outlines the requirements that borrowers/clients are required to meet when delivering environmental safeguards for projects supported by the ADB. These requirements include assessing impacts, planning and managing impact mitigations, preparing environmental assessment reports, disclosing information and undertaking consultation, establishing a grievance mechanism (GRM), and monitoring and reporting. SR1 also includes specific environmental safeguard requirements pertaining to biodiversity conservation and sustainable management of natural resources, pollution prevention and abatement, occupational and community health and safety, and conservation of physical cultural resources (PCRs).

8. At an early stage in the project cycle (typically the project identification stage) ADB screens and categorizes proposed projects based on the significance of potential project impacts and risks. A project’s environment category is determined by the category of its most environmentally sensitive component, including direct, indirect, induced, and cumulative impacts. Project screening and categorization are undertaken to:

i) reflect the significance of the project’s potential environmental impacts; ii) identify the type and level of environmental assessment and institutional resources required for the safeguard measures proportionate to the nature, scale, magnitude and sensitivity of the proposed project’s potential impacts1; and, iii) determine consultation and disclosure requirements.

9. Rapid environmental assessment (REA) checklists are used to assist in the screening and categorization. ADB assigns a proposed project to one of the following categories:

i) Category A. Proposed project is likely to have significant adverse environmental impacts that are irreversible, diverse, or unprecedented; impacts may affect an area larger than the sites or facilities subject to physical works. A full-scale environmental impact assessment (EIA) including an environmental management plan (EMP), is required.

ii) Category B. Proposed project’s potential environmental impacts are less adverse and fewer in number than those of category A projects; impacts are site-specific, few if any of them are irreversible, and impacts can be readily addressed through mitigation measures. An initial environmental examination (IEE), including an EMP, is required.

1 'Type' refers to strategic environmental assessment (SEA), project environmental assessment, or compliance audit; 'Level' refers to a full environmental impact assessment for Category A projects, and an initial environmental examination for Category B projects. 4 Initial Environmental Examination Report MV Sub-Transmission P1-ADB Loan N° 2979

iii) Category C. Proposed project is likely to have minimal or no adverse environmental impacts. No EIA or IEE is required although environmental implications need to be reviewed.

iv) Category FI. Proposed project involves the investment of ADB funds to, or through, a financial intermediary.

2. Project Environmental Categorization

10. The Project has been classified by ADB as environment category B based on the preparation of a preliminary Rapid Environmental Assessment (Appendix 1), requiring the preparation of an IEE.

11. The checklist was completed following a five day field inspection by international and national environment specialists of a selection of proposed MV sub-transmission lines alignment areas in Siem Reap and Kampong Thom.

12. The main purpose of the field inspection was to:

• identify any potentially significant environmental issues that could arise in the Project areas;

• observe first-hand the nature of human settlement and environmental and socio- economic context of the proposed Project areas;

• ground-truth the boundaries of nationally protected areas in relation to proposed Project alignments using GPS, with a view to confirming that the Project avoids encroachment into such protected areas; and

• Consult with the APSARA Authority in Siem Reap to identify any constraints in relation to Project activities within the Angkor Protected Landscape.

B. Legal and Institutional Framework of Cambodia

13. Key environmental related laws of Cambodia relevant to the Project are summarized below.

1. Environment Law

14. The Law on Environmental Protection and Natural Resources Management (No: NS/RKM/1296/36) was enacted in 1996 and is the main law for protection of the environment in Cambodia. Article 6 of the law requires that environmental impact assessment (EIA) be undertaken for proposed projects with the Ministry of Environment designated as the authority to review EIAs prior to submission to the Government for approval.

15. The Sub-Decree on Environmental Impact Assessment Process (Sub- Decree 72, 11 August 1999) supports the Law on Environmental Protection and Natural Resources and sets out institutional responsibilities, impact assessment requirements and the procedures for undertaking the environmental assessment process. The annex to the sub-decree lists all projects (public or private) for which environmental assessment is required. Sub-transmission, transmission and rural electrification projects are not included in the list of projects requiring environmental assessment.

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16. However, the Protected Area Law (No. NS/RKM/0208/007) promulgated in 2008 requires that environmental and social impact assessment is required for all proposals and investments for development within or adjacent to a protected area boundary where a protected area is defined as: i) national parks; ii) wildlife sanctuaries; iii) protected landscapes; iv) multiple use areas; v) Ramsar sites; vi) biosphere reserves; vii) natural heritage sites; and viii) marine parks.

17. Some sub-transmission lines proposed under this Project traverse the Angkor Protected Landscape (APL) and the transition zone of the Tonle Sap Biosphere Reserve (TSBR), and it is within this legal context that EDC is required to undertake an environmental impact assessment. Other than for the proposed alignments in these areas, EDC is legally exempt from undertaking any type of environmental assessment for the rural electrification Project.

18. The RGC environmental assessment process is illustrated in Figure 2.1. The Project owner must conduct an Initial Environmental Impact Assessment (IEIA – equivalent to an ADB IEE)) and apply to MoE for review of the IEIA report. This includes payment of a fee to cover costs of the review and a contribution to the Environmental Endowment Fund of the Law on Environmental Protection and Natural Resources (the fees are not specified). EDC intends to submit this IEE report, with a summary translated into Khmer, to MoE for review and forwards a copy to the project approval Ministry (Ministry of Industry Mines and Energy). In the case of the Project where the potential impacts will be minimal, submission of an IEIA (or IEE equivalent) is anticipated to be sufficient to obtain RGC approval without the need for undertaking a separate EIA.

19. Sub Decree No. 72 11 August 1999 specifies that findings and recommendations on the IEIA (IEE) will be provided within 30 work days from the date of receipt of the report otherwise the report will be deemed to have complied with the Decree.

20. Public consultation is required as part of the RGC IEIA and EIA requirements and is equivalent in nature and scope to that of the ADB.

2. Other Regulations with Environmental Implications for Rural Electrification

21. Sub-transmission lines of and associated low voltage lines are typically aligned along the edge of existing roads and within the specified road reserve. Prime Ministerial Edict, 27 September 1999, entitled Measures to Eliminate Anarchical Land Grabbing, declares public land on the verge of roads and railways that must not be occupied as follows:

• National road 2, 3, 6 and 7: 25 m from center line. • National road 1, 4, 5: 30 m from center line.

• National road 11, 22, 64, 78: 25 m from center line. • Provincial roads: 20 m from center line. • Commune roads: 15 m from center line. • Not applicable in towns. • Railways 20 m from center line in urban areas, 30 m in rural areas, 100 m where there is threat of avalanche or in old growth forest.

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22. This legislation has implications in that the alignment of sub-transmission lines proposed und er this Project will be located within what is essentially the legally designated road reserve. From an environmental perspective the road reserve can be regarded as a brown field site.

Figure 2.1: EIA Process in Cambodia

3. National and Regional Environmental Policies and Plans

23. The Kingdom of Cambodia has a number of national environmental policies and plans, including the National Environmental Action Plan 1998-2002. This plan addresses six key environmental areas, including energy development, although energy transmission is not discussed.

24. Cambodia is a member of the Greater Mekong Sub-Region (GMS) program, which promotes closer economic ties and cooperation among the six countries that share the Mekong River. A strategic thrust of the program is to “protect the environment and promote sustainable use of shared natural resource”.

25. The second socioeconomic development plan 2001-2005 (SEDP II) prepared by the RGC is the key plan for reducing poverty in Cambodia. It includes the aims of equitable distribution of income at the national level and sustainable utilization of natural resource and environmental protection.

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4. Electric Power Technical Standards

26. Relevant Cambodian electric power standards include:

• General Requirements of Electric Power Technical Standards of the Kingdom of Cambodia, Issued by the Ministry of Industry, Mine and Energy in Accordance with the Electricity Law of the Kingdom of Cambodia (2004, amended 2007). The standards were prepared with support from JICA. • Specific Requirements of Electric Power Technical Standards of the Kingdom of Cambodia, Issued by the Ministry of Industry, Mine and Energy in Accordance with the Electricity Law of the Kingdom of Cambodia (2007). 27. Relevant EDC electric power standards include:

• Design Standards, Distribution Networks, Electricite du Cambodge, 2007.

5. Heritage Legislation

a. APSARA Authority

28. APSARA, the Authority for the Protection and Management of Angkor and the Region of Siem Reap (hereafter referred to as the APSARA Authority), was established in 1995. It is in charge of research, protection and conservation of cultural heritage of the Angkor Protected Landscape (APL), as well as urban and tourist development. In December of 1995 the World Heritage Committee confirmed Angkor's permanent inscription on the List of World Heritage Sites in Danger.

29. There are several royal decrees related to the establishment and authority of the APSARA Authority and the protection of the cultural heritage of Angkor:

• Royal Decree NS/RKT/0295/12 establishing a National Authority for the Protection and Management of Angkor and the Region of Siem Reap, named APSARA (1995, amended in 1998 by Decree NS/RKT/0199/18).2 • Royal Decree 001/NS establishing Protected Cultural Zones in the Siem Reap/Angkor Region and Guidelines for their Management.3 - The decree establishes management zones within Siem Reap (Zone 1: Monumental Sites; Zone 2: Protected Archaeological Reserves; Zone 3: Protected Cultural Landscapes; Zone 4: Sites of Archaeological, Anthropological or Historic Interest; and Zone 5: The socio-economic and cultural development zone of the Siem Reap/Angkor Region). These zones are further described in Chapter IV. - Article 20 states that “for all protected cultural resorts of the Angkor Protected Landscape (Zone 1, 2, 3, 4, 5), installation of power grids with high voltage is prohibited but installation of electric power grids with medium voltage supplied by the local distributors is permitted on the condition that they are not highly visible.”

30. There are also decree establishing the Koh Ke site and transferring it to the APSARA

2 See http://www.autoriteapsara.org/en/apsara/about_apsara/legal_texts/decree1.html and http://www.autoriteapsara.org/en/apsara/about_apsara/legal_texts/decree2_text.html for English translations. 3 See http://www.autoriteapsara.org/en/apsara/about_apsara/legal_texts/decree3_text.html for an English translation. 7 Initial Environmental Examination Report MV Sub-Transmission P1-ADB Loan N° 2979

Authority, and sub-decrees with regards to policing, hotel zoning and regulations, and entrance fees.

b. The Heritage Law

31. The primary legislation of Cambodia pertaining to cultural heritage is the 1996 Law on the Protection of Cultural Heritage (NS/RKM/0196/26).4 Both the looting and the export of antiquities without a permit are criminalized. Section 7 of the law also includes procedures for chance discoveries of cultural property during construction.

6. International Conventions and Agreements

32. Cambodia is signatory to a number of international conventions and agreements.

a. Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD, 1995)

33. The United Nations convention on Biological Diversity was ratified by Kingdom of Camb o d ia in 1995. The three objectives of this convention are to conserve biodiversity; to sustainably use biological resources; and to fairly and equitably share the benefits resulting from the use of genetic resources. In accordance with its responsibilities under this convention the Government has prep ared the National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan (2002) that sets out an Implementation Strategy.

b. Convention on Wetlands of International Importance especially as Waterfowl Habitat (Ramsar, 1975)

34. Cambodia become a party to the Convention on Wetlands of International Importance in 1999, formally listing three Ramsar sites in the north, center and south-west of the country, with plans to consider further sites.

c. ASEAN agreement on the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (1985),

35. Cambodia signed the ASEAN Agreement on the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources in 1985, committing itself to maintaining essential ecological processes, preserving genetic diversity and ensuring sustainable natural resource use.

36. Other international environmental agreements for which Cambodia is a signatory include:

• United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change; • Kyoto Protocol; • Vienna Convention on the Protection of the Ozone Layer; • International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Flora and Fauna (CITES); • Desertification;

• Marine Life Conservation; • Hazardous Wastes; • Ship Pollution; • Tropical Timber 94; and,

4 See http://www.autoriteapsara.org/en/apsara/about_apsara/legal_texts/decree4_text.html for an English translation. 8 Initial Environmental Examination Report MV Sub-Transmission P1-ADB Loan N° 2979

• Whaling.

d. International Conventions Protecting Cultural Heritage

37. International cultural heritage protection conventions for which Cambodia is a signatory include:

• The Convention for the Protection of Cultural Property in the Event of Armed Conflict, The Hague, 1954 and its Protocol, ratified by Cambodia in 1962; • The Convention on the Means of Prohibiting and Preventing the Illicit Import, Export and Transfer of Ownership of Cultural Property, Paris, 1970, ratified by Cambodia in 1972; • The Convention concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage (World Heritage Convention, Paris 1972), ratified by Cambodia in 1991; and • The UNIDROIT Convention on Stolen or Illegally Exported Cultural Objects, ratified by Cambodia in 2002.

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III. DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT

A. Project Scope and Location 38. The 22 kV sub-transmission lines will be connected from grid-substations in provincial towns to the existing and new low-voltage distribution and service lines owned and operated by private rural electricity enterprises (REEs). 39. EDC will own, operate and maintain the 22 kV lines installed under the project. The ownership and the responsibility for operating and managing the low-voltage distribution network will remain with the respective REEs and EDC will supply electricity to REEs under a Power Purchase Agreement (PPA). 40. The project will finance the construction of 2,110 kilometer (km) of new 3 phase 22 kV overhead sub-transmission lines including short lengths of 22 kV underground cable, the installation of 22 kV/0.4 kV distribution transformers, advanced electronic metering for all distribution transformers, auto reclosing circuit breakers and automatic voltage regulators to improve reliability and voltage performance. 41. The project will contribute to increasing access to grid-electricity in Cambodia. The outcome of the project is expanded supply of reliable and cost-effective grid-electricity in Kampong Thom, Kampong Cham, Siem Reap province. 42. The following three subprojects have been fully appraised: a. Subproject 1: 625 circuit-kilometer (cct-km) in Kampong Thom Province b. Subproject 2: 184 cct-km in Kampong Cham Province c. Subproject 3: 866 cct-km in Siem Reap Province

A.1 Subproject in Kampong Thom 43. The subproject is located in 2 district called Kampong Svay and Prasat Sambaur in Kampong Thom province. The sub-project in this province consists of overhead MV totaling 625 circuit-kilometer (cct- km). There are 2 communes such as: Kampong Svay and Sambour.

A.2 Subproject in Siem Reap 44. The subproject is located in 2 districts in Siem Reap province, namely Angkor Thom, Svay Leu, This sub-project in this province consists of overhead MV totaling 866 (cct-km). Also, it has 2 communes in these districts such as: Peak Snaeng and Svay Leu.

A.3 Subproject in Kampong Cham 45. The subproject is located in 2 districts in Kampong Cham province, namely Chamkar Leu and Por Nhea Kraek districts. The sub-project in this province consists of overhead MV totaling 184 (cct-km). Also, it has 6 communes in these districts such as: Spueu, Svay Tep, Ta Ong, Ta Prok comm une in Chamkar Leu district, and other 2 communes called Kraek and Koang Kang in Por Nhea Kraek district.

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Figure 3.1: Route Map with Work Progress in Kampong Cham

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Figure 3.2: Route Map with Work Progress in Kampong Thom

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Figure 3.3: Route map in Siem Reap

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B. Technical Components 46. The technical components of the sub-transmission lines include: • Up to 2,110 km of concrete pole mounted single circuit (3 phase) sub-transmission lines (all five subprojects). • Concrete poles stand approximately 10 m high and are spaced approximately 60 m apart (Figures 3.3 and 3.4). • 22/0,4 kV transformers will be mounted on poles at appropriate locations. • Cross arms and insulators on poles to support 3 phase conductors.

C. Concrete Poles 47. The distribution poles will consist of round pre-stressed concrete poles. The average distance between poles is 50 ~ 100m. Medium Voltage (MV) poles will be installed around 20m from the center of the road. The height of the poles will be 12 ~ 14m. As required for safety, a minimum vertical clearance of 2~3m from existing structures and trees will be maintained by EDC. Tall trees within the ROW will be removed as necessary to maintain the minimum conductor clearance. During the final design of the transmission line, it will be sited to avoid houses to the maximum extent possible.

D. Foundation 48. The foundations of the poles will be reinforced concrete, cast in-situ. The size of pole foundations is about 1mx1m while the excavation depth is about 1.2m. All excavated soil will be utilized for backfilling of the pole foundations.

E. Overhead Ground Wires 49. The distribution line will use the overhead ground wire for lighting protection, conductors, and insulators for corrosion control. All insulators and fittings to be utilized by the project shall conf orm to the international standard of the International Electro Technical Commission (IEC).

F. Transformers and Automatic Voltage Regulators 50. There will be about 77 pole- mounted distribution transformers and AVRs that will be installed for the project. The outdoor transformers include 4-250KVA, 5-160KVA, 29-100KVA, 21-50KVA, 9-50KVA, and 9-25KVA transformers.

G. Construction Activities 51. All sub-transmission lines will be installed along the road reserve of existing national, provincial or commune roads. Road reserve requirements for various road categories are described in Section II.B.2. 52. Construction activities will be confined to small-scale works involving transporting poles to the road side, erection of poles, stringing of conductors and erection of pole mounted transformers where required. These sequential activities will be primarily manual activities involving small teams with minimal use of mechanical equipment. No excavation will be require other than auguring holes for the pole footings. Some trimming of roadside trees may be required to ensure appropriate saf ety clearances for the power lines.

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Figure 3.3: Cross-section of 22 kV sub-transmission line

Figure 3.4: Typical MV line pole with transformer

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53. Poles will be sequentially placed along the verge of road corridors prior to hole auguring and erection using a truck mounted crane. Other construction materials, equipment and transformers will be stored at EDC’s depots and transported to the construction site as required.

54. Worker requirements are modest. At any one time at each work site during construction there will be a maximum of up to six people, and it is anticipated that there will no more than two work teams per subproject. Access to the sites is very good, and there will be no worker camps.

a. Safety Clearances

55. Minimum safety clearances for the construction and maintenance of MV and LV lines are defined in the Electricity Authority of Cambodia (EAC) General Requirements and are summarized in Table 3.1. These clearances will be strictly maintained.

Table 3.1: MV and LV Clearances Location Minimum Clearance (meters) MV LV Clearances above ground, Across roads 8.0 6.5 Across railway tracks 8.0 6.5 Along roads 5.5 Other places 6.5 5.0 Bare Covered Insulated MV LV MV LV MV LV Clearances to buildings, Vertically 3.0 Bare 2.5 2.0 1.2 1.0 Where a person may climb 3.0 conductor 1.5 1.2 0.5 1.4 Horizontally 3.0 not 1.5 1.2 0.5 0.4 permitted Clearance to trees and vegetation 2.0 No No No No No contact contact contact contact contact

Source: General Requirements of Electric Power Technical Standards of the Kingdom of Cambodia, Issued by the Ministry of Industry, Mine and Energy in Accordance with the Electricity Law of the Kingdom of Cambodia (2004, amended 2007).

b. Operational Activities

56. During operation periodic (annual) maintenance and checking will be undertaken by provincial EDC technical staff. This will involve one or two people for very short (hours) periods of time. Under normal operating conditions such activities will not require the use of powered mechanical equipment other than a transport vehicle to the site.

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IV. DESCRIPTION OF ENVIRONMENT

A. Physical Resources 1. Climate and Air Quality

49. Climate in Cambodia is effected by Monsoon wind effects and Tropical weather, hot and humid, which has enough sunlight and rainfall. This kind of climate remains good condition livelihood for human, animals and trees. 50. Rainfall is main source for Khmer farmer to farm and crop and use in daily life. And also rainfall is main water source for living and other growing of biodiversity. Rainfall height has no simlilarity in area such as Meong River area and Tonle Sap Basin which has long stopping effect if compare with mountain area, which has annual average rain fall height in the whole country is 2,167 mm. While an annual average at central rainfall is 1,400 mm and average annual mountain area is more than any other area, 4,000 mm. Monthly rainfall height is diversed from 360 mm in July or October (Some year there is high rainfall in July, but less raining in October) to 13 mm in January (Crocker, 1962). Rainfall 51. Because of having Tropical Monsoon climate leads Cambodia to have two main seasons: Dr y season and Rainy season equally 6 months. Rainy season starts in May and ends in October while Dry season starts in November and ends in April. 52. Through rainfall data in 05 years (2012-2016) has shown that in Kampong Cham province ther are heavy rain in November, then October and July with average rainfall is between 308.7 mm to 443.4 mm. However, total rainfall height in last 05 years is changed between 1322.1 mm to 1699. 5mm and an average is 1484.4 mm. In those the highest rainfall height is in 2012 and lowest is in 2015. 53. Recent annual rainfall for Kompong Thom Province (2006-2014) was from 1174mm to 1945mm. While annual rainfall for Siem Reap Province is not available. 54. The climate of Cambodia is characterized by two distinct seasons governed by monsoons. A wet season from mid-May to early October results from the southwest monsoon bringing heavy rain and high humidity and a dry season occurs from early November to mid- March influenced b y the northeast monsoon.

Rain fall in Kampong Cham

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Rainfall in Kampong Thom

Rainfall in Siem Reap

Figure 4.1: Monthly and annual rainfall in Kampong Cham, Kompong Thom and Siem Reap Province

Temperature 49. Cambodia is undergoing rapid development and associated population and industrial growth. Recent studies have shown that air quality is deteriorating as a result of industrial and handicraft processes as well as fossil fuel combustion. Such pollution is largely confined to urban areas. Sub-transmission and low voltage lines proposed in this Project traverse primarily agricultural areas and villages in rural settings with no industrial activities. The main source of air pollution in the Project areas is fugitive dust from road traffic.

55. Temperature fluctuations are important in relation to altitude. The northeastern regions of Mondulkiri, Ratanakiri and some of the highlands such as the Cardamom Mountains and the Elephant Range in the southwestern part of the country have the coolest or lowest temperatures of the year mnthly average temperatures across the country ranged from 24.68 ° C in December and 28.70 ° C in April (Crocker, 1962).

56. According to data from Department of Meteorology of Ministry of Water Resources and Meteorology in Kompong Thom station during 2006 to 2014, maximum temperature is in April, temperature up to 39.2 degree Celsius and minimum temperature is in January, temperature up to 12.5 degree Celsius.

57. For Kampong Cham in the last 5 years (2012-2016), the average annual maximum temperature fluctuates from 33.8 degrees Celsius (2014) to 35.8 oC (2012 and 2016) and minimum annual temperatures Varies from 20.5 degree Co (2013) to 22 oC (2015). However, the average monthly average temperature varies from 33.5 degrees Co (January) to 36.96 Co (April) And the monthly minimum temperature varies from 18.44 degree Co (January) to 23.7Co (May).

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Temperature in Kampong Cham

Temperature in Kampong Thom

Temperature in Siem Reap

Figure 4.2: Monthly and annual temperature in Kampong Cham, Kompong Thom and Siem Reap Province

2. Air Quality and Noise 49. No major sources of pollution are found in the area. Ambient air quality along the existing ro ad alignments is found to be generally good due to relatively far distance from urban areas. Dust pollutio n is expected to be more pronounced during the dry season as low transport volume passes over unsurfaced roads. Smoke emitted by domestic cookings using biomass fuels contributes to a very small extent of general ambient air quality in the area where there is minimal impact. 50. While dust pollution is less prevalent along the surfaced roads along subproject area in some project area. Noise level is considerably much higher in urban areas where commercial activities and mixed traffic volumes can be seen along the existing roads where the sub-transmission lines will pass through. Pollution due to vehicle emissions is evident due to the greater volume of traffics in the urban setting. The air quality is worsened by the dust particles in the air emitted by industrial and commercial activities. 51. Noise emitted by the engines of vehicles and business activities along the streets, and by the people is common in the busy business and district centers. In the rural areas, noise from vehicles and community activities is not significant.

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3. Topography and Soils

52. Cambodia is divided into three distinct topographic regions: the central plains, the flat coastal areas, and the mountain ranges with high plateaus. The central plains form 75% of the country and consist of the alluvial plains of the Mekong River and the Tonle Sap basin where the Project power lines are located. Elevation in these areas is generally less than 100 m. These are Cambodia's two dominant topographical features and this is where over 90% of the population resides. The Project’s MV sub-transmission lines are generally located on flat terrain.

53. Soils of the central plains are divided into three physiographic regions:

i) Soils occurring in the extensive old colluvial, slightly undulating plain. These are formed from previous weathered material that has been transported and deposited at their current location. This area forms the majority of Cambodia’s rain fed rice growing area.

ii) Soils occurring in areas of hills and valleys. These soils are developed from chemical weathering/decomposition of underlying parent material and are used for upland rice and non-rice crops.

iii) Soils of the active floodplains. Soils developed in these areas receive annual deposits of fresh alluvium and are therefore relatively young.

54. Most lowland soils of potential use for rice cultivation Cambodia are low in available nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K) and have low organic matter contents and low cation-exchange capacity (CEC). Nutrient deficiencies represent a major constraint to rice production at present.

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4. Geology and Seismicity

55. The Project components are located in the central plain which occupies a northwest trending Quaternary depositional basin comprising up to 200 m of Paleogene and Neogene alluvial sand, silt and clay. The Quaternary basin is bounded to the east by a Triassic and Jurassic „ancient gulf‟ sequence of sandstones interspersed with andesite volcanic, and underlain by granitic basement. The western side of the Quaternary basin comprises Jurassic to Cretaceous continental sandstones which form the main western highlands.

56. Cambodia is an area of low seismic hazard associated with its location in the center of the large stable tectonic region of the Sunda Plate (Figure 4.1).

Source: USGS (2007): Documentation for the Southeast Asia Seismic Hazard Maps

Figure 4.3: Seismic Intensity Map of Southeast Asia

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5. Water Quality and Resources

57. Water resources of Cambodia are dominated by the lower Mekong River system with its seasonal variation in flow and flood, and its relationship with the Tonle Sap Lake. Mekong River flows are lowest in April and May and highest in September and October. The Tonle Sap Lake occupies a large area of the central plains and flows into the Mekong River at its confluence in Phnom Penh. However, in the wet season (May to October) the Mekong waters rise and flow back into Tonle Sap Lake. Once the Mekong’s peak pulse is passed, the Tonle Sap Lake discharges back into the Mekong River. This unique physical relationship has important environmental and flood control functions. In the dry season, about November to April, the flow changes its course from the Lake by flowing out to the Mekong River.

58. The central plain in which the Project is located comprises a fluvial lowland with high natural levees, broad floodplains and extensive backwater swamps, many of which remain flooded throughout the dry season. From Kampong Cham southward the fertile plain of the Mekong delta extends into Viet Nam.

59. There are sufficient freshwater resources available in Cambodia. However, whilst the quantity of water available is not an issue the quality of the water is since not all water is fit for drinking or other purposes without some form of treatment.

60. Most Cambodians prefer to use rain water for drinking although surface water is also popular in spite of the risks to health. There are large numbers of tube wells which have been mostly provided by external agencies. Currently more families are investing in their own family well, and in a growing number of small towns and large villages it is becoming popular to get a private connectio n to a p ip ed water supply.

B. Biological Resources 1. Flora

61. Forests are divided into concession forests and protected forests. In the Project provinces, there are some protected forest areas and indigenous tree species (e.g. the Diptherocarpus species) that are protected by Cambodia’s Forestry Law of 1995. However, as the primary land use within the Project area is agricultural and residential, these forests are not located within Project areas. Concession forests may be harvested for sale but there are no longer such concessions in the Project zone. Community forests are managed by local residents who must abide by a management p lan that is supervised by the Forestry Department. The community has access to the forest and may remove forest products and cut trees for their own use but they are prohibited from selling the trees. Timber harvesting for sale is only allowed from forest concessions. There are also non-timber forest products (NTFPs) that poorer households rely on such as bamboo, resins, wild fruits and vegetables, honey bees and other insects, and larger wildlife, although the collection of some NTFPs for commercial purposes are circumscribed by Cambodian laws.

62. Vegetation cover along the Project sub-transmission alignments largely consists of agricultural crops such as rice, while some sections traverse areas covered with shrubs, grasses and sparse trees. Lowland rice cropping is the main activity but other crops grown include soybean, cassava, and cashew. Fruit and vegetables are also cultivated although primarily for domestic consumption. Large and small livestock are raised.

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2. Fauna

63. Within the Project area, fauna is mainly made up of large and small livestock raised by some households. Some proposed sub- transmission alignments are located in the transition zone of the UNESCO designated Tonle Sap Biosphere Reserve (TSBR) but the Project sub- transmission lines are all located in the transition area where the dominant land use is agriculture and village residential areas. There are minimal or no adverse impacts associated with construction and operation of sub-transmission lines within existing road reserve.

Figure 4.4: MV line in IBA area in Kampong Thom

64. According to the condition of MV line in IBA area, in Kampong Thom province, all poles of MV planted along the existing road as sho wed in

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the pictures below. The negative impacts from the project to this area will not be high due to this MV line is along the existing roads.

Figure 4.5: Condition of the MV line in the area of IBA in Kampong Thom

65. Referring to site observation in January 2018 in this IBA area (Stung Prasat Balang) in Kampong Thom, there were some birds found in some places long this route line in this area, but it does not have much. So, EDC shall do the good cooperation with ministry of agricultures, fisheries and forestry (FFA) or some NGOs working for birds in Cambodia. Even though this area of IBA is not the conservation area or protected forest of FFA or MoE of Cambodia.

3. Ecologically Protected Areas

66. The National Environmental Action Plan 1998 specifies four types of protected areas: national parks, wildlife sanctuaries, protected landscapes and multiple-use management areas. Figures 4.2 and 4.3 show land use and the location of protected areas with reference to the Project sub-transmission alignments. The Law on Forestry Management prohibits the hunting of wildlife within such protected areas. As well as maintaining checkpoints and providing rangers, the Ministry of Environment (MoE) has an active community education program to promote environmental awareness especially within the rural communities.

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67. The Tonle Sap is the largest freshwater lake in the Greater Mekong Sub-Region with an area of 2,500-3,000 km2 in the dry season and 2 10,000 – 15,000 km in the wet season with water depths ranging from 1 meter in the dry season to 10 meters in the wet season and home to nearly one-third of Cambodia’s population. In 1997 it was nominated as a Biosphere Reserve under the Man and the Biosphere Reserve Program of United Nations Education and Scientific Cooperation Organization (UNESCO). Biosphere reserves are nominated by governments and remain under their jurisdiction. Reserves are intended to fulfill three complementary functions: (i) a conservation function; (ii) a development function; and (iii) a logistic function. The Tonle Sap Biosphere Reserve (TSBR) has the following zones: i. Core areas are securely protected sites for conserving biodiversity, monitoring minimally disturbed ecosystems, and undertaking research and other low-impact uses such as education. The TSBR core areas cover a total of about 43,000 ha which are characterized by a flooded forest, streams and water bodies, and rich biodiversity. Nearly 100 water bird species are found there, a dozen of which are of global significance. The areas are also known for their fish, mammals, and reptiles. The three core area of TSBR are as follows: a) Prek Toal Core Area located in Koh Chiveang Commune, Ek Phnom District, Battambang Province (21,342 ha). b) Boeng Tonle Chhmar Core Area located in Peam Bang Commune, Stong District, Kampong Thom province (14,560 ha). c) Stoeng Sen Core Area located in Phat Sanday Commune, Kampong Svay District, Kampong Thom Province (6,355 ha). ii. The buffer zone covers about 541,482 ha and is used for cooperative activities compatible with sound ecological practices, including environmental education, recreation, ecotourism, and research. Its boundary corresponds to the outer boundary of the Tonle Sap Multiple-Use Area. The TSBR buffer zone surrounds the core areas up to the outer limit of the flooded forest. iii. The transition area is the outer zone which covers 899,600 ha. It is intended to be flexible and allows development in keeping with the needs of the local population. The transition area forms the interface between the TSBR and common land. The southern edge of TSBR transition zone forms a boundary with national road NR5. These boundaries are shown explicitly in Figure 4.6. The flexible transition area is the integrated economic zone, which is managed for the sustainable agriculture, human settlement and land uses, without having adverse effects on the flooded forest, water quality and soils of the region around the Tonle Sap Lake. iv. None of the Project sub-transmission lines are located within the core and buffer zones of TSBR while around 300 kms are located in the transition zone where human settlements are found and agricultural cropping and livestock are the main livelihood activities. The line nearest to the buffer zone is located at a minimum separation distance of 6.5 kms (Figure 4.6 and 4.7). The proposed works under this Project is totally in keeping with the requirements of the transition zone as stipulated by the Tonle Sap Biosphere Reserve Secretariat.

v. No sub-transmission lines enter into any national parks or wildlife sanctuaries.

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Figure 4.6: Land Use and Protected Areas, Kampong Thom and Kampong Cham Provinces, Subproject 1and 2

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Figure 4.7: Land Use and Protected Areas, Siem Reap Province, Subproject 3

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C. Social Resource C1.Population and Household Composition 68. As part of the Project development process a household survey, The Socio-economic Survey (SES) was conducted from 20 April 2018 to 3 May 2018 by the local consultancy firm which has selected by EDC. An SES of AHs was also conducted at the same time of IOL survey. Some AHs, losing their trees, were interviewed for the purpose of gaining more information on their situation and present living standards. This activity was carried out aiming to prepare a responsive URP for people and households affected by the Project. 282 AHs along the COI have been interviewed. The number of AHs interviewed represented 48.70% of all AHs (579 AHs).

69. The main objective of the SES is to create baseline survey by collecting accurate statistical information about living standard of the AHs. The topics are investigated in the survey were basic demography, literacy and education, economically active population, housing condition, possession of durable goods and livestock, household expenditure and income. Additionally, the survey was also directed to studying the perception of AHs on the Project.

70. The total number of studied households is 282, which is composed of a population of 1,369. The population is comprised of 651 (47.60%) females and 718 (52.40%) males. Table 7.3 shows the details of population, sex ratio, as well as household size of the three provinces. An average household size is 4.85 and sex ratio is 110.08.

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Table C.1: Population and Household Composition Population and Household Composition Sex Number of Average Both Male Female Province Ratio * Households HH Size No % No % No % Siem reap 60 5.40 324 23.70 159 11.60 165 12.10 95.87

Kompong Thom 138 4.80 662 48.40 366 26.70 296 21.60 123.61

Kampong Cham 84 4.56 383 28.00 193 14.10 190 13.90 101.44

TOTAL 282 4.85 1369 100.00 718 52.40 651 47.60 110.08 Data source: Project Survey conducted from April to May 2018. *Sex Ratio = (Number of male) / (Number of female) x 100(%).

C.2. Age Structure and Dependency 71. The survey results for the age-sex distribution of the affected commune are set out in Table 7.4. This entry provides the distribution of the population according to age. Information is included by sex and age group (0-5 years, 6-13 years, 14-18 years, 19-60 years, 60 years and over). The age structure of a population affects a nation's key socioeconomic issues. They indicate a young population, with about 36.53% under 18 years old. With young populations (high percentage under age 18) need to invest more in schools, while with older populations (high percentage ages 60 and over) need to invest more in the health sector.

Table C.2-1: Age – Sex Distribution of Sample HHs 0-5 6 - 13 14 - 18 19 - 60 60 + Province Population No. % No. % No. % No. % No. % Female 165 12 0.88 28 2.05 24 1.75 88 6.43 13 0.95 Siem reap Male 159 23 1.68 27 1.97 19 1.39 76 5.55 14 1.02 Total 324 35 2.56 55 4.02 43 3.14 164 11.98 27 1.97 Female 296 24 1.75 30 2.19 28 2.05 176 12.86 38 2.78 Kompong Male 366 38 2.78 39 2.85 64 4.67 199 14.54 26 1.90 Thom Total 662 62 4.53 69 5.04 92 6.72 375 27.39 64 4.67 Female 190 19 1.39 24 1.75 15 1.10 99 7.23 33 2.41 Kampong Male 193 24 1.75 25 1.83 37 2.70 88 6.43 19 1.39 Cham Total 383 43 3.14 49 3.58 52 3.80 187 13.66 52 3.80 TOTAL 1,369 140 10.23 173 12.64 187 13.66 726 53.03 143 10.45 Data source: Project Survey conducted from April to May 2018.

72. The dependency ratio used to measure the proportion of children (below 15 years) and old people (from 65 years and over) compared to the proportion of people of workforce age (15-64 years). The age dependency ratio is defined as the ratio of the sum of the population below 15 years and population f ro m 65 years taken together divided by the active population between the age groups of 15 to 64 years. The age dependency ratio is a summary indicator that indicates the burden falling on the population of working age.

73. The age composition in Table shows that 64.43% of the population was aged between 15-64 years. 28.41% was below 15 years and 7.16% was 65 years and over. Table also provides detail about youth dependency ratio (44.10 %) and old age dependency ration (11.11 %). The total dependency ratio is 55.22%. This means there were 56.99 persons outside the usual working age group for every 100 persons in the age group 15-64 years who are economically dependent for economic support.

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Table C.2-2: Age Composition and Dependency Ratio of Sample HHs Table : Age Composition and Dependency Ratio Below 15 yrs 15 - 64 yrs 65 + yrs Youth Old Age Total Province Population No. % No. % No. % % % % Female 165 43 3.14 111 8.11 11 0.80 Siem reap Male 159 60 4.38 89 6.50 10 0.73 51.50 10.50 62.00 Total 324 103 7.52 200 14.61 21 1.53 Female 296 63 4.60 210 15.34 23 1.68 Kompong Thom Male 366 116 8.47 231 16.87 19 1.39 40.59 9.52 50.11 Total 662 179 13.08 441 32.21 42 3.07 Female 190 47 3.43 120 8.77 23 1.68 Kampong Cham Male 193 60 4.38 121 8.84 12 0.88 44.40 14.52 58.92 Total 383 107 7.82 241 17.60 35 2.56 TOTAL 1,369 389 28.41 882 64.43 98 7.16 44.10 11.11 55.22 Data source: Project Survey conducted from April to May 2018.

74. Although not significant statistically, the age-sex figures are valuable in demonstrating that this is, comparatively, an ageing population, with a predominantly middle-aged population with a bulge in the 20- 24, 25-29 and 30-34 age group (10.50%, 8.30% and 5.90% respectively) and a corresponding bulge in the 10-19-year-old age group (23.30% of the population), while the youngest two age groups, 5-9-year- old, have only 6.10%. The relevance of these statistics is the likely higher impact on secondary school in - take in the project impact area than in the primary-school in-take.

Data source: Project Survey conducted from April to May 2018. Figure C.2: Age Pyramid by 5 years of Age Group

C.3 Ethnic Group and Religion 75. 100% of affected household heads are Khmer and Khmer speaking. There is none of other ethnic group.

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Table C.3-1: First Language and Ethnic Group of Household Heads First Language and Ethnic Group of Household Heads Khmer Other Item No.H/H No. % No. % Siem reap 60 324 21.30 0 0.00 Kompong Thom 138 662 48.90 0 0.00 Kampong Cham 84 383 29.80 0 0.00 TOTAL 282 1369 100.00 0 0.00 Data source: Project Survey conducted from April to May 2018

76. Buddhism has been the dominant religion in Cambodia, in one form or another, since the reign of Jayavarman VII (c. 1181-1200). In Cambodia, Buddhism is currently estimated to be the faith of 95% of the population, but through the survey results it was found up to 100 % is Buddhism.

Table C.3-2: Religion of Household Heads Religion of Household Heads Buddhism Muslim Item No.H/H No. % No. % Siem reap 60 324 21.30 0 0.00 Kompong Thom 138 662 48.90 0 0.00 Kampong Cham 84 383 29.80 0 0.00 TOTAL 282 1369 100.00 0 0.00 Data source: Project Survey conducted from April to May 2018

C.4 Literacy of AHs (HHHs and Spouses) 77. The male household head literacy rates are 80.60% and female spouse literacy rates are 77.80%. There is a smallest gap (2.80%) between the literacy rates of male household heads and their spouses. Among 122 female household heads, only 85 (69.70%) of them are literate. Women, in general, receive less education than men, especially widows. The survey results show that female HH is 10.9% less literate than male HH. Therefore, women enter the labor market with a lower education and less vocational skills than men. Even though they (men and women) do the same job and same q uality of work, sometimes women still get a salary less than men.

Table C.4-1: Literacy of Affected Households’ Head and Spouses Female AH Head Male AH Head Spouse Item # AH Yes % # AH Yes % # AH Yes % Siem reap 28 18 14.80 32 24 15.00 47 33 14.90 Kompong Thom 69 52 42.60 69 57 35.60 111 87 39.40 Kampong Cham 25 15 12.30 59 48 30.00 63 52 23.50 TOTAL 122 85 69.70 160 129 80.60 221 172 77.80 Data source: Project Survey conducted from April to May 2018

78. However, adult literacy rate is the percentage of the population aged 15 years and over who can both read and write a simple message in any language. The Table 14 presents an adult literacy rate of both male and female of 81.00% which is considerably high and the single literacy rate of male and female 82.90% and 79.10% respectively.

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Table C.4-2: Adult Literacy of Age 15 and Over Both Sex Male Female Item Pop. Yes % Pop. Yes % Pop. Yes % Siem reap 232 187 18.00 109 92 17.30 123 95 18.80 Kompong Thom 518 425 40.90 279 240 45.10 239 185 36.60 Kampong Cham 288 229 22.10 144 109 20.50 144 120 23.70 TOTAL 1038 841 81.00 532 441 82.90 506 400 79.10 Data source: Project Survey conducted from April to May 2018

C.5 Affected Households’ Head Engaged in Farming and No-farming 79. About 85.46% of household heads are working on farms, while non-farming is 5.32% (Other rests 9.22% are aged or disable or unable to work.). A sizeable number of male and female household heads surveyed (104 persons or 36.88% and 137 persons or 48.58%, respectively) are engaged in farming. The table shows that the percentage of household heads working on farms is highest in Kampong Thom province (KTH) with 41.13%.

Table C.5: Farming and Non-Farming Affected Households’ Head Non activity Non-farming On farming Item Number of Households No. % No. % No. % Female 28 6 2.13 2 0.71 20 7.09 Siem reap Male 32 2 0.71 0 0.00 30 10.64 Total 60 8 2.84 2 0.71 50 17.73 Female 69 3 1.06 4 1.42 62 21.99 Kompong Thom Male 69 11 3.90 4 1.42 54 19.15 Total 138 14 4.96 8 2.84 116 41.13 Female 25 2 0.71 1 0.35 22 7.80 Kampong Cham Male 59 2 0.71 4 1.42 53 18.79 Total 84 4 1.42 5 1.77 75 26.60 Female 122 11 3.90 7 2.48 104 36.88 TOTAL Male 160 15 5.32 8 2.84 137 48.58 Total 282 26 9.22 15 5.32 241 85.46 Data source: Project Survey conducted from April to May 2018

C.6 Main Sources of Income of Affected Households 80. According to the survey, the main sources of income of the AHs include 76.60% agricultural production, followed by 7.80% depend on their labor with agriculture or farming hired labor only, and 4.60% from their family members supported and take care at home, the detail presents in the below Table.

Table C.6-1: Main Source of Income of the AHs Provinces Project Survey Kampong Cham Kompong Thom Siem reap Number of Households 282 60 138 84 Item N % N % N % N % Remittance 13 4.60 0 0.00 10 3.50 3 1.10 Transportation 2 0.70 0 0.00 2 0.70 0 0.00 Factory/shop worker 5 1.80 1 0.40 2 0.70 2 0.70 Farming hired labor 22 7.80 7 2.50 2 0.70 13 4.60 Agricultural production 216 76.60 42 14.90 114 40.40 60 21.30 Government employee 5 1.80 1 0.40 4 1.40 0 0.00 None/retired/old/sick 8 2.80 7 2.50 0 0.00 1 0.40 Livestock 3 1.10 1 0.40 0 0.00 2 0.70 25

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Provinces Project Survey Kampong Cham Kompong Thom Siem reap Number of Households 282 60 138 84 Business/trade 8 2.80 1 0.40 4 1.40 3 1.10 Total 282 100.00 60 21.30 138 48.90 84 29.80 Data source: Project Survey conducted from April to May 2018

81. The result shows the sources of cash income of all 282 households interviewed. It reveals that the average monthly income of household and capita is USD 131.43 and USD 27.10, respectively. Of all interviewed households in the Project area, there are 76.60% has their main income source from Farming, 7.80% has their second main income from Farm labor only and 4.60% has their children support.

Table C.6-2: Average Annual and Monthly Income (USD) per Capita Annual Income Items Case USD % Average Remittance 13 7800 4.60 600 Transportation provider 2 9000 0.70 4500 Factory/shop worker 5 19440 1.80 3888 Farming hired labor 22 33409.2 7.80 1518.6 Agricultural production 216 319894.2 76.60 1480.99 Government employee 5 13800 1.80 2760 None/retired/old/sick 8 7680 2.80 960 Livestock 3 6120 1.10 2040 Business/trade 8 27600 2.80 3450 Total 282 444743.4 100.00 1577.1 Currency in USD Annual Monthly Number of Interviewed HHs = 282 Household Income ** 1577.10 131.43 Capita Income*** 325.18 27.10 Data source: Project Survey conducted from April to May 2018 * Each household gets income from more than one source ** [Household income] =[Total Annual Income]/[Total Number of Interviewed HHs] *** A HH has 4.8 persons on average. Capita income=Household income / 4.8.

C.7 Sanitation

C.7.1 Water Sources for Drinking and Cooking

82. Of the interviewed households in the Project area, only 52.80% use pipe water from waterworks 0.70% from protected wells, while 16.30% use water from unprotected wells. Moreover, 9.60% buy clean water during the dry season for their daily consumption and approximately 4.30% use conserved rainwater during the dry season. Lake/pond was also the main source of drinking water for 7.80%, while 8.50% still uses water from stream/river.

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Table C.7.1-1: Water Sources for Drinking and Cooking Unprote Lake/ Protected Rain Stream/ Waterwor Buying cted pond well water river ks

Item well #HHs #HHs No. % No. % No. % No. % No. % No. % No. % Siem reap 60 7 2.50 5 1.80 24 8.50 4 1.40 7 2.50 12 4.30 1 0.40 Kompong Thom 138 17 6.00 17 6.00 75 26.60 1 0.40 17 6.00 10 3.50 1 0.40 Kampong Cham 84 3 1.10 0 0.00 50 17.70 7 2.50 0 0.00 24 8.50 0 0.00 TOTAL 282 27 9.60 22 7.80 149 52.80 12 4.30 24 8.50 46 16.30 2 0.70 Data source: Project Survey conducted from April to May 2018

83. Boiling water is by far the most common method for Cambodian people to protect from any bacteria. Only 28.00% of the interviewed households always boil their drinking water, while 36.90% of the interviewed households sometimes boil water before drinking. 35.10% drink water without boiling.

84. Approximately 41.80% of interviewed households have water from protect well for washing/bathing during the dry season. Wells are the most common water sources for the local people (25.20%) to make a bath and wash.

Table C.7.1-2: Water Sources for Washing and Bathing Protected Rain Stream/riv Unprotect Buying Lake/pond Waterworks Item HHs well water er ed well No. % No. % No. % No. % No. % No. % No. % Siem reap 60 4 1.40 4 1.40 22 7.80 1 0.40 9 3.20 19 6.70 1 0.40

Kompong Thom 138 0 0.00 16 5.70 61 21.60 0 0.00 25 8.90 36 12.80 0 0.00

Kampong Cham 84 0 0.00 0 0.00 35 12.40 2 0.70 0 0.00 47 16.70 0 0.00

TOTAL 282 4 1.40 20 7.10 118 41.80 3 1.10 34 12.10 102 36.20 1 0.40 Data source: Project Survey conducted from April to May 2018

C.7.2 Toilet

85. In the Project areas, 67.70% of the interviewed households have own latrine, while 32.30% do not have access to toilet facilities as they depend on “open defecation” or sharing toilets with their relative/neighbors.

C.7.3 Energy Sources for Lighting and Cooking

86. Battery is still the most commonly used energy source for lighting in Cambodia’s rural areas, where electricity is not available. In the Project areas, 51.10% of the surveyed AHs claimed that they use rechargeable stationary batteries for lighting. Only 3.50% use publicly provided electricity (state electricity) as their source, while 1.40% use kerosene lamp as well as their own generators.

Table C.7.3-1: Energy Sources for Lighting Kerosen Private Electric Torch/Ru Battery Sola Total Item e generator ity bber No. % No. % No. % No. % No. % No. % No. % Siem reap 31 11.00 0 0.00 8 2.80 12 4.30 8 2.80 1 0.40 60 21.30 Kompong 62 22.00 1 0.40 26 9.20 48 17.00 0 0.00 1 0.40 138 48.90 Thom Kampong 51 18.10 3 1.10 12 4.30 12 4.30 2 0.70 4 1.40 84 29.80 Cham TOTAL 144 51.10 4 1.40 46 16.30 72 25.50 10 3.50 6 2.10 282 100.00 Data source: Project Survey conducted from April to May 2018

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87. Based on the survey results, 0.70% of interviewed households use liquefied petroleum gas as their source for cooking, while 75.20% and 24.10% use firewood and charcoal, respectively.

Table C.7.3-2: Energy Sources for Cooking Charcoal Fire wood Gas TOTAL Item No. % No. % No. % No. % Siem reap 16 5.70 44 15.60 0 0.00 60 21.30 Kompong Thom 39 13.80 97 34.40 2 0.70 138 48.90 Kampong Cham 13 4.60 71 25.20 0 0.00 84 29.80 TOTAL 68 24.10 212 75.20 2 0.70 282 100.00 Data source: Project Survey conducted from April to May 2018

C.7.4 Satisfaction with the Project

88. AHs showed satisfaction with the Project since it was reported that 12.80% rated the Project as ‘very good’, and 83.70% rated it as ‘good’. However, about 3.50% of the total households rated the Project as ‘good and bad’.

Table C.7.4-1: Satisfaction with the Project Project Survey Kampong Cham Kompong Thom Siem reap Items N % N % N % N % Both (Good and Not Good ) 10 3.50% 4 1.40% 6 2.10% 0 0.00%

Good 236 83.70% 30 10.60% 123 43.60% 83 29.40%

Very Good 36 12.80% 26 9.20% 9 3.20% 1 0.40%

Total Column 282 100.00% 60 21.30% 138 48.90% 84 29.80% Data source: Project Survey conducted from April to May 2018

89. The villages were divided into two groups, with one group already receiving commercial electricity supply from REEs and the second group being non-electrified. The household survey was complemented by 12 focus group discussions (FGDs) conducted in a sub-sample of six villages, split equally between electrified and non-electrified villages. Table 7.18 lists the villages surveyed.

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Table C.7.4-2: List of Surveyed Villages

PIB Total Total Pack. Total Authorities No Date Village Com. District Province Description Distrib Partici Fema No Male Participants uted pants le Public Consult Peak Angkor Siem Chief of 1 20.4.18 P-1 Leab Meeting and 20 13 9 4 Snaeng Thum reap Village :1 Conducted IOL Public Consult Ou Svay Siem Chief of 2 25.4.18 P-1 Svay Leu Meeting and 20 17 10 7 Meanchey Leu reap Village :1 Conducted IOL Chief of Public Consult Village: 1 Svay Siem 3 25.4.18 P-1 Lom Touk Svay Leu Meeting and 25 23 16 7 Village Leu reap Conducted IOL Memember: 1 Peak Public Consult Peak Angkor Siem Vice/Sub- 4 25.4.18 P-1 Snaeng Meeting and 17 9 9 0 Snaeng Thum reap village: 1 Thmei Conducted IOL Public Consult Peak Angkor Siem Chief of 5 25.4.18 P-1 Khting Meeting and 20 13 9 4 Snaeng Thum reap Village :1 Conducted IOL Public Consult Svay Siem Chief of 6 25.4.18 P-1 Chob Leu Svay Leu Meeting and 50 44 39 5 Leu reap Village :1 Conducted IOL Public Consult Svay Siem Chief of 7 25.4.18 P-1 Thmey Svay Leu Meeting and 15 10 6 4 Leu reap Village :1 Conducted IOL Public Consult Chob Svay Siem Chief of 8 27.4.18 P-1 Svay Leu Meeting and 12 10 6 4 Kraom Leu reap Village: 1 Conducted IOL Public Consult Kampong Kampon Kompong Chief of 9 28.4.18 P-1 Ou Sala Meeting and 25 23 14 9 Svay g Svay Thom Village :1 Conducted IOL Public Consult Kampong Kampon Kompong Chief of 10 28.4.18 P-1 Tiem Chas Meeting and 20 18 4 14 Svay g Svay Thom Village :1 Conducted IOL Public Consult Kampong Kampon Kompong Chief of 11 28.4.18 P-1 Prey Preah Meeting and 10 10 4 6 Svay g Svay Thom Village :1 Conducted IOL Kampong Kampon Kompong Public Consult Chief of 12 28.4.18 P-1 Tnaot 25 23 14 9 Svay g Svay Thom Meeting and Village :1 29

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PIB Total Total Pack. Total Authorities No Date Village Com. District Province Description Distrib Partici Fema No Male Participants uted pants le Conducted IOL Public Consult Kampong Kampon Kompong Chief of 13 29.4.18 P-1 Chong Prey Meeting and 30 26 15 11 Svay g Svay Thom Village :1 Conducted IOL Public Consult Chrang Kampong Kampon Kompong Chief of 14 29.4.18 P-1 Meeting and 25 24 14 10 Kraham Svay g Svay Thom Village :1 Conducted IOL Public Consult Kampong Kampon Kompong Chief of 15 29.4.18 P-1 Ou Sala Meeting and 25 23 14 9 Svay g Svay Thom Village :1 Conducted IOL Public Consult Kampong Kampon Kompong Chief of 16 29.4.18 P-1 Ta Am Meeting and 30 25 12 13 Svay g Svay Thom Village :1 Conducted IOL Public Consult Kampong Kampon Kompong Chief of 17 29.4.18 P-1 Ta Paong Meeting and 17 17 3 14 Svay g Svay Thom Village :1 Conducted IOL Public Consult Prasat Kompong Chief of 18 30.4.18 P-1 At Su Sambour Meeting and 35 32 20 12 Sambour Thom Village :1 Conducted IOL Public Consult Prasat Kompong Chief of 19 30.4.18 P-1 Ou Kru Kae Sambour Meeting and 40 36 26 10 Sambour Thom Village :1 Conducted IOL Public Consult Cheay Prasat Kompong Chief of 20 1.5.18 P-1 Sambour Meeting and 45 46 28 18 Sampov Sambour Thom Village :1 Conducted IOL Public Consult chamkar Kampong Chief of 21 2.5.18 P-1 Chhuk Ta Prok Meeting and 40 38 20 18 leu Cham Village :1 Conducted IOL Public Consult chamkar Kampong Chief of 22 2.5.18 P-1 Svay Teab Ta Prok Meeting and 20 15 9 6 leu Cham Village :1 Conducted IOL Public Consult chamkar Kampong Chief of 23 2.5.18 P-1 Rumchek Ta Prok Meeting and 45 43 23 20 leu Cham Village :1 Conducted IOL Public Consult Ou Ta chamkar Kampong Chief of 24 3.5.18 P-1 Ta Prok Meeting and 15 15 6 9 Saeng leu Cham Village :1 Conducted IOL chamkar Kampong Public Consult Chief of 25 3.5.18 P-1 Srae Prang Ta Prok 25 24 19 5 leu Cham Meeting and Village :1 30

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PIB Total Total Pack. Total Authorities No Date Village Com. District Province Description Distrib Partici Fema No Male Participants uted pants le Conducted IOL Public Consult Neang chamkar Kampong Chief of 26 3.5.18 P-1 Ta Prok Meeting and 20 16 10 6 Leung leu Cham Village :1 Conducted IOL Local Authority Meeting, Chamkar Kampong Chief of 27 3.5.18 P-1 Ta Ong Ta Ong Provided PIB 45 40 17 23 Leu Cham Village :1 and Conducated IOL

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C.8. Culturally Protected Areas

90. The famous Angkor Protected Landscape (APL) covers about 401 km2, and was declared a UNESCO World Heritage site in 1992. The different zones of this protected landscape are as follows:

i. Zone 1- Monumental site. This zone is the core zone, monumental sites and protected archaeological reserves. It has the most significant archaeological features and the highest level of protection;

ii. Zone 2 - Protected archaeological reserves. This zone acts as buffer zone, around the monumental sites;

iii. Zone 3 - Protected cultural landscapes. Preserved for their distinctive traditional physical and cultural features, including historic buildings and land use practices;

vi. Zone 4 - Sites of archaeological, anthropological or historic interest. This zone is of less significance than the zone 1 and 2, but requires protection for research, education and tourism; and vii. Zone 5 - The socio-economic and cultural development zone of the Siem Reap-Angkor region. This zone covers the whole of Siem Reap province and broadly corresponds to the catchment area of greater metropolitan Angkor. This zone is to be managed as a multiple- use area with an emphasis on economic and social development through sustainable natural resource use and cultural tourism.

91. During design the MV alignment was routed so as to minimize incursions into the Angkor Protected Landscape (APL) in Siem Reap (see Chapter VI). However, some minor incursions along roads passing through the periphery of the APL was required in order to establish an MV sub - transmission backbone line along the east side of Tonle Sap and to provide power to the area northeast of the APL (see Figure 4.7 and detailed MV alignment maps in relation to the APL in Appendix 4). About 2.5 km of the alignment pass through the periphery of Zone 2 on the eastern sid e of the APL, a total 20.7 km passes through Zone 3 on the east, southern and western portions of the APL, and 2.4 km passes through one small area of Zone 4. In all cases the alignment is within the reserve of existing developed roads, many of which have extensive road side residential and /o r commercial development (Figure 4.9). No alignment passes though the core zone (Zone 1).

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Figure 4.8: Subproject 3 and Angkor Wat Protected Landscape (APL)

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Figure 4.9: Typical land use along proposed MV alignment, APL Zone 3

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V. ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES

A. Introduction 92. This chapter identifies potential Project environmental impacts related to the preconstruction, construction and operation phases and presents associated mitigation measures. The analysis focuses on Subprojects 1, 2; and 3 Subproject 4 and 5 will be assessed as per the requirements of the Environmental Assessment and Review Framework (EARF) during Project implementation.

93. Potential Project impacts have been predicted based on field inspections; surveys undertaken; and discussions with relevant government officials and technical specialists. Field work included a f ive day field inspection by international and national environment specialists of a selection of proposed RE alignment areas in Kampong Thom and Siem Reap provinces during the preparation of the REA, and a follow-up mission to Kampong Cham, Kampong Thom and Siem Reap provinces.

94. The main purpose of the field inspections were to: • identify any potentially significant environmental issues that could arise in the Project areas; • observe first-hand the nature of human settlement and environmental and socio- economic context of the proposed Project areas; • ground-truth the boundaries of nationally protected areas in relation to proposed Project alignments using GPS, with a view to confirming that the Project avoids encroachment into such protected areas; and • consult with the APSARA Authority in Siem Reap to identify any constraints in relation to Project activities within the perimeter of the Angkor Protected Landscape (APL).

B. Preconstruction Phase 95. Potential preconstruction phase impacts are primarily related siting, including land acquisition and resettlement, encroachment on protected areas, and presence of mines and/or Unexploded Ordnance (UXO) in the alignment area.

1. Land Acquisition and Resettlement

96. The Project will not generate significant land acquisition and resettlement impacts. No physical relocation will be required, and there will only be limited acquisition of livelihood trees and, possibly, very limited acquisition of private land.

97. To mitigate these minor impacts a Resettlement Plan (RP) has been prepared.5The purpose of the RP is to ensure that the rights and obligations of all parties are clearly understood and agreed. By clearly defining the assistance measures, the RP will ensure that entitlements are known and understood by all parties, that the implementation process is clear, and that a Grievance Redress Mechanism (GRM) exists in the event that disagreements between 2 or more of the parties occurs.

5 Resettlement Plan, Kingdom of Cambodia: Medium-Voltage Sub-Transmission Expansion Sector Project, prepared by Electricité du Cambodge, Royal Government of Cambodia, 2012. 23

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98. The RP identifies potential resettlement impacts arising from the Project along the road sides with mitigation measures to ensure that potential impacts are maintained at insignificant levels and that international best practice is applied. It also includes the institutional arrangements for implementing the RP to ensure its effectiveness.

99. The RP including the consultation process and mitigation measures is considered sufficient to meet the resettlement safeguard requirements of the ADB SPS.

2. Encroachment on Ecologically Protected Areas

100. During design the MV alignment was carefully routed such that no sub-transmission lines enter into any national parks or wildlife sanctuaries. This has been confirmed through GIS analysis comparing the MV alignment to the protected area boundaries as provided by the Ministry of Environment (MoE). This was further confirmed during the field work through ground truthing using GPS. 6

101. With respect to the Tonle Sap Biosphere Reserve (TSBR), none of the Project sub- transmission lines are located within the core and buffer zones of TSBR, while around 300 kms are located in the transition zone where human settlements are found and agricultural cropping and livestock are the main livelihood activities. The line nearest to the buffer zone is located at a minimum separation distance of 6.5 kms (Figure 4.3). The proposed works under this Project is totally in keeping with the requirements of the transition zone as stipulated by the Tonle Sap Biosphere Reserve Secretariat.

3. Encroachment on Culturally Protected Areas

102. During design the MV alignment was routed so as to minimize incursions into the Angkor Protected Landscape (APL) in Siem Reap (see Chapter VI). However, some minor incursions along roads passing through the periphery of the APL was required in order to establish an MV sub- transmission backbone line along the east side of Tonle Sap and to provide power to the area northeast of the APL (see Figure 4.3 and detailed MV alignment maps in relation to the APL in Appendix 4). About 2.5 km of the alignment pass through the periphery of Zone 2 on the eastern side of the APL, a total 20.7 km passes through Zone 3 on the east, southern and western portions of the APL, and 2.4 km passes through one small area of Zone 4. In all cases the alignment is within the reserve of existing developed roads, many of which have extensive road side residential and/or commercial development (Figure 4.4), and impacts to cultural relics are not anticipated. No alignment passes though the core zone (Zone 1).

103. Royal Decree 001/NS establishing Protected Cultural Zones in the Siem Reap/Angkor Region and Guidelines for their Management stipulates in Article 20 that “for all protected cultural resorts of the Angkor Protected Landscape (Zone 1,2,3,4,5), installation of power grids with high voltage is prohibited but installation of electric power grids with medium voltage supplied by the local distributors is permitted on the condition that they are not highly visible”.

104. The TA 7675 Consultants consulted with the APSARA authority in late 2011 and in a follow- up meeting on June 26, 2012 (see meeting minutes, Appendix 5). Based on the results of

6 Although Figures 4.2 and 4.3 show the MV sub-transmission alignment coming close to the Beng Per Wildlife Sanctuary, this is due to the small scale of the maps. At no time does the alignment actually enter the wildlife sanctuary. 24

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the meeting EDC will submit to the APSARA Authority a Project Proposal providing detailed information on the RE Project and design specifications and locations with respect to the APL, and request their comment and/or approval. Once EDC receives a letter of approval, any approval conditions with respect to design, construction and maintenance will be incorporated into a revised IEE.

105. Along with any special conditions required by the APSARA Authority the Contractor will implement the following measures to ensure that the alignment of the Project sub-transmission lines will not cause damage to the APL.

• Alignment alternatives along road reserves within the APL shall be agreed with the APSARA Authority such that the alignment with least visual intrusion is selected (hidden by trees etc.).

• Alignments shall be chosen so as to minimize the need for trimming of trees.

106. Additional construction phase mitigation measures are presented in Section V.C below.

107. Apart from the APL the Project does not encroach upon any other known nationally protected site of historical and cultural significance.

4. Mines and UXO

108. In Cambodia there is a significant risk of encountering land mines and UXO during construction in some areas, the result of a protracted sequence of internal and regional conflicts that affected the country from the mid 1960s until the end of 1998. The nature of landmine and UXO contamination is highly complex; the north-western regions bordering Thailand are heavily affected, while other parts of the country (mainly the East) are considered moderate to low impact, affected mainly by UXO. Mines and UXO have caused a high number of both military and civilian casualties, and have hindered national development.

109. To mitigate the risks posed by mines and UXO, mapping was undertaken to assess the extent of mine and UXO contamination in the Project area, removal costs were estimated, and clearance procedures were developed. The process is presented in Appendix 6 and is summarized below.

110. The Cambodian Mine Action and Victim Assistance Authority (CMAA) has the responsibility to regulate, coordinate and monitor mine action activities throughout Cambodia. The CMAA was requested to identify known mine and unexploded ordinance (UXO) within two Project area zones:

- 100 m either side of the 22 kV distribution lines (e.g. 200 m wide zone in total), this being the maximum area that construction activities might reasonably take place; - 1000 m either side of the 22 kV distribution lines (e.g. 2000 m wide zone in total), this being a safety zone to take into account any errors that might occur from using different data mapping sources.

111. The contamination maps were produced based on the current contamination polygons contained within the CMAA database, and are presented in Figures 1 to 5, Appendix 6. An area of 353.8 ha has been identified as being mine or UXO contaminated for Subprojects 1 and 2 (Table 1, Appendix 6). Based on costs associated with contamination removal for similar

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projects, CMAA estimates that clearance cost at 1.06 million USD for the two subprojects. This estimate is based on known mine/UXO contamination only, and further ground truthing will be required prior to mine/UXO clearance to better determine the extent of contamination and cost of clearance.

112. Mine/UXO removal will be the responsibility of the installation contractor, though they will no t undertake the clearance themselves – they will contract an accredited mine/UXO removal agency in each province, with the process being guided by the Mine Action Planning Unit (MAPU) at the Provincial Hall. 7 All clearance works should be completed and appropriate documentation submitted to the installation contractor and EDC before any MV sub- transmission line installation works start.

113. Please see Appendix 6 for additional information on UXO/mine mapping and clearance.

C. Construction Phase 1. Construction Impacts on Property

114. Poor construction practices may damage property and results in damage to or the loss of valuable assets. To mitigate this risk:

• The contractor will be required to undertake careful construction practices to avoid damage to existing facilities.

• The contractor will be required to select a line route and location for poles that as much as possible minimizes the need for tree cutting.

• Where cutting or trimming of trees is necessary, trimming will be minimized in accordance with EDC’s minimum clearance requirements.

• Land will be fully reinstated to pre-construction (or better) condition after construction completion.

• Compensation for temporary loss of production will be provided in accordance with the RP.

2. Interference with Traffic and Access Ways

115. Poor construction practices interfere with traffic, block access ways, and disrupt services and livelihood activities. To mitigate this risk:

• The contractor will be required to properly plan and executed traffic management measures, supported by good site supervision.

3. Dust and noise

116. Poor construction practices may generate dust and noise nuisance to nearby properties. To mitigate this risk”

7 There is no MAPU in Kandal Province. The CMAA will directly coordinate the development of the clearance plan, provincial approval and identification of an accredited demining operator.

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• The contractor will be required to implement good construction practices to minimize dust and noise nuisance supported by good site supervision.

4. Impacts during the wet season

117. The wet season in the Project area lasts from mid-May to early October. Large areas of the central lowland of Cambodia which encompasses the project areas in Kampong Thom and Siem Reap Provinces are subject to flooding during this time. The design of the Project takes account of this by ensuring distribution line alignment along existing road corridors which are frequently raised ab o ve the surrounding lowland as a flood mitigation measure. In addition:

• To minimize potential safety and pollution hazards, construction will only be undertaken during the dry season.

5. Impacts on historical cultural or archeologically significant areas

118. In addition to the measures noted in the Preconstruction Phase above, the following mitigation measures will be implemented during the Construction Phase: • No temporary or permanent Project facilities shall be established within the APL. Such facilities include but are not limited to, vehicle and maintenance areas, storage areas for poles, conductors, transformers, pole boring equipment etc. • Workers will be required to confirm with all APL rules and requirements. • A Chance Find Procedure will be put in place: − If physical cultural resources are encountered during the construction phase, all works at the find site should be immediately halted. − The find should be assessed by a competent APSARA Authority expert, and procedures to avoid, minimize or mitigate impacts to the physical cultural resources should be developed. − Work should not begin until the procedures to avoid, minimize or mitigate impacts to the physical cultural resources have been implemented. − Where avoidance is not feasible, no alternatives to removal exist, and the Project benefits outweigh the anticipated cultural heritage loss from removal, the physical cultural resource should be removed and preserved according to the best available technique. − Any removal should be conducted in accordance with relevant provisions of heritage protection decrees and laws. − Records should be maintained of all finds, including chain of custody instructions for movable finds. − All Project workers and staff should be made aware of the chance-find procedure.

6. Tree removal and pruning

119. Rural roads are frequently lined with trees; trimming and removal of trees will be necessary in some cases to ensure achievement of standard safety clearances for power lines. However, the line route and position of power poles within the road reserve can be easily adjusted to minimize impacts on trees. • The contractor will be required to select a line route and location for poles that as much as possible minimizes the need for tree cutting. • The planted trees along the route line of MV that needs to be cut have been resolved by team of resettlement.

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• Where cutting or trimming of trees is necessary, trimming will be minimized in accordance with EDC’s minimum clearance requirements (Table 3.1). • Compensation to local residents for loss of trees will be provided in accordance with the RP.

7. National and International Protection Area (IBA)

120. Due to conservation or protected area of ministry of environment, the project line route o f MV d id not locate in those areas. However, there two parts of these lines in Banteay Mean Chey and Kampong Thom province as showed in Figure 4.4 and 4.5. In the IBA, it will not have a significant impact on these bird species due to the project is MV that the height of the poles and its size of the poles are sho rter and smaller as compared to towers of high-voltage transmission lines. To mitigate this risk: • All of poles planting along the route line for MV in IBA area as in mentioned and showed in Figure 4.4 in Kampong Thom, the contractor shall not go far from existing roads for installing those poles that it may disturb to birds and its habitat. • Contractor will not let all workers stay in this area to avoid hunting birds or other wildlife in the area of IBA and other. • All workers will be advised and educated about law on forestry, 2003 (Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, MAFF) that it will not allow to hunt wildlife as in Article 15 in Chapter 2, Article 96-98 in Chapter 15, and IMPLEMENTATION OF COURT VERDICT in Chapter 16.

121. Implementing the above measures will ensure that the resultant environmental impact associated with trimming and or cutting of trees under the Project will be negligible.

8. Health and Safety

122. Construction of a sub-transmission line poses a modest risk to the health and safety of workers. To mitigate this risk:

• The installation contractor will be required to prepare and implement a workers health and safety plan in compliance with all health and safety measures related to the construction of MV sub-transmission lines in the Electrical Power Standards of the Kingdom of Cambodia.

D. Operation and Maintenance Phase 1. Maintenance

123. During operation periodic (annual) maintenance and checking will be undertaken by provincial EDC technical staff. Maintenance during operation will be limited to trimming of vegetation to maintain safety clearances and occasional technical maintenance to ensure safety of lines and pole-mounted transformers. This will involve one or two people for very short periods of time (e.g. hours). Under normal operating conditions such activities will not require the use of powered mechanical equipment other than a transport vehicle to the site.

124. Undertaking maintenance on MV lines poses a risk to the health and safety of workers. To mitigate this risk:

• Maintenance workers will be required to comply with all health and safety measures related to the operation and maintenance of MV sub-transmission lines in the Electrical Power Standards of the Kingdom of Cambodia. The Design Standard for Distribution Networks (EDC, 2007) notes that: 28

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− Live works on this category of installation is strictly prohibited. All persons requiring work on these installations must therefore request EDC isolation from the network and obtain a certificate of de-energizing. − The operation of MV equipment (in particular the fuse switch) shall be carried out by qualified personnel provided with personal protection (helmet, MV gloves, anti- UV goggles, spark-resistant clothing with long sleeves) and an approved and regularly inspected operating pole. − The fuse switch can be operated live but off-load, i.e. solely after the opening of the main IV switch or circuit breaker placed downstream from the transformer. − In case, there are some identified some negatives impacts from this MV lines in IBA area occurred to birds, EDC shall work with Ministry of Agricultures, Fisheries and Forestry or some NGOs working on birds to find the suitable mitigation to minimize those impacts immediately.

2. Public exposure to Electric and Magnetic Fields

125. Whilst there is no empirical data demonstrating the health effects from exposure to electric and magnetic fields from power lines and equipment, public and scientific concern over such effects remains such that the potential impact should be addressed. EDC will ensure that for the rural electrification Project the detailed design complies with minimum safety clearances in accordance with international standards used in respect of public exposure to electric and magnetic fields.

3. Inappropriate Lead Acid Battery Disposal

126. Many of the households that will receive electricity as a result of the Project currently use Lead Acid Batteries (LABs – automotive batteries) for lighting and other purposes. Based on feedback obtained from household owners during fieldwork and the results of the household surveys, it is expected that many households will keep the LABs after being connected to the grid as a back-up system for power failures. In addition, used LABs (ULABs) have value, between $5 and $10 (MoE, 2012), and it is expected that households who no longer need LABs will recycle them via private sector LAB recyclers. However, there is a risk that some households may inappropriately dispose of ULABs, potentially leading to soil and water contamination. To mitigate this risk:

• The environmental specialists of the PIC will assist EDC to incorporate information on the benefits of ULAB recycling into the public outreach campaign that will be delivered during the construction phase.

• This will include surveying ULAB recyclers in each province, identifying those with the best environmental standards, and ensuring that contact information for those recyclers is distributed via signs, pamphlets and other means.

• REEs will also be required to provide information on ULAB recycling.

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E. Conclusion 127. Potential environmental impacts arising from pre-construction, construction, operation and maintenance of the MV sub-transmission lines are relatively insignificant due to the following:

• The Project will not generate significant land acquisition and resettlement impacts. No physical relocation will be required, and there will only be limited acquisition of livelihood trees and, possibly, very limited acquisition of private land. To mitigate these minor impacts a Resettlement Plan (RP) has been prepared.

• MV sub-transmission lines will be sited along existing road corridors and within road reserves; unlike for HV transmission lines, there will be effectively no transmission line right-of-way in the normal sense and there will be no need for access road construction.

• The scope of construction activities is limited, involving small teams of workers, minimal use of powered mechanical equipment and extremely limited excavation.

• No workers camps will be required.

• Recycling of ULABs will be encouraged.

• No significant natural habitats will be affected due to the location of MV sub transmission lines along existing road reserves outside of nationally protected areas with biodiversity significance (national parks and wildlife sanctuaries). • Impacts within the Angkor Protected Landscape (APL) will be insignificant due to minimal incursions along existing roads at the periphery of the APL, the small scale of construction activities, and implementation of APSARA Authority specified mitigation measures. • Maintenance during operation will be limited to trimming of vegetation to maintain safety clearances and occasional technical maintenance to ensure safety of lines and pole- mounted transformers.

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VI. ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES

A. No-Project Option 128. The no-project option is not considered acceptable. During the Project concept development it was determined that proceeding with rural electrification in Cambodia is necessary to increase access to electricity in rural areas, promote economic development, reduce poverty, and displace expensive and environmentally unsustainable off-grid diesel generation with more cost-effective and environmentally efficient electricity supplies.

B. Selection of Provinces 129. EDC has or is in the process of attracting financial support for its electrification programme from institutions including the World Bank, China EXIM Bank, KfW and AusAID. To avoid duplication of effort, EDC has pursued a policy of allocating individual provinces for support by different institutions.

130. During the initial Project design phase, EDC proposed that the Project consider the inclusion of Kampong Thom and Siem Reap provinces, as these are not currently allocated for f und ing from other institutions, as well as in-fill investments in Takeo, Kampot and Kandal provinces where the World Bank and KfW have already funded electrification projects. Other provinces identified by EDC which have not been allocated to other financing institutions and which were also considered f o r inclusion in the Project were Preah Vihear, Banteay Meanchey and Oddar Meanchey.

131. Following preliminary site visits the Project team determined that it would not be realistic to design a project including Takeo, Kampot and Kandal provinces as the areas not covered by existing MV sub-transmission investments are small in size and dispersed in location. Of the alternative provinces proposed by EDC, the Project team assessed Kampong Thom and Siem Reap as being the most suitable. This assessment was based on the extent of access to the transmission grid power (a pre-requisite for electrification), the size of these provinces in terms of population, the density of population, the extent of business development, and low household electrification rates. Further consultations with EDC confirmed a preference for the inclusion of Siem Reap and Kampong Thom provinces (including the extension of the MV network to connect to the HV substation in Kampong Cham province) as this would enable the completion of a MV sub-transmission backbone line along the east side of Tonle Sap. Detailed design activities were therefore conducted for these provinces as subprojects 1 and 2.

132. The Project was initially developed to utilize an investment budget of $45 million to be provided from Asian Development Funds (ADF) sources, which would be sufficient to fund the first two subprojects. Subsequently, additional investment funding of $10 million was made available from the OPEC Fund for International Development (OFID). This funding and remaining available resources from ADF funding has been allocated to the construction of MV sub-transmission lines in Oddar Meanchey, Kandal North and Banteay Meanchey provinces (Subproject 3). Limited electrification in the less densely populated Oddar Meanchey province was included along the recently paved highway 68 to Samroang and will enable grid supply to two existing REEs.

C. Avoidance of Protected Areas 133. During Project design the MV routing was carefully aligned so as to avoid all national parks and wildlife sanctuaries. Some sub-transmission lines traverse the transition zone of the

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Tonle Sap Biosphere Reserve (TSBR), and this was necessary in order to run from the west side of Siem Reap Provincial Town (where the grid substation is located) to the east side of the town, which is necessary for the creation of an MV sub-transmission backbone line along the east side of Tonle Sap. The routing and construction of MV lines are fully in accordance with the function of the transition zone, which is intended to be flexible and allow development in keeping with the needs of the local population. No sub-transmission lines are routed within the core and buffer zones of the TSBR.

134. Some incursions are also required into the Angkor Protected Landscape (APL) for the creation of the MV sub-transmission backbone line along the east side of Tonle Sap, though during ground truthing these were minimized to the extent possible. Figure 6.1 shows the alignment prior to ground truthing, while Figure 6.2 shows the alignment after ground truthing, with APL incursions significantly reduced. Approval for these incursions is currently being sought from the APSARA Authority, and any approval conditions will be incorporated into a subsequent revision of this IEE.

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Figure 6.1: MV alignment in Siem Reap and APL prior to ground

Figure 6.2: MV alignment in Siem Reap and APL subsequent to ground

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VII. INFORMATION DISCLOSURE CONSULTATION AND PARTICIPATION

A. Consultation Activities Undertaken 135. The Consultation meeting were arranged by EDC/SEPRO. The twelve venue meetings were conducted during the environmental monitoring and RP study, while the eleven venue meeting places conducted in the implementation stage of the project. 136. The primary stakeholders are the citizens who will benefit from project. Among this group, outlying communities that have previously connected and not been connected to community see the greatest change in their circumstance, whereas others may experience improved service. 137. The Key stakeholders that holds the interests of the community to be its primary mission. The subproject concept and design are driven by EDC perceived needs for this project within the constraints of the available budget. The team consulted regularly with the EDC to achieve good alignment of the subproject elements and current system needs. Furthermore the IEE has been reviewed and concurrence has been reached on the contents of the EMP. A.1 General Awareness of Project 138. During field work on environmental and social components, people were told about the subproject in their area, and asked about conditions regarding electricity supply. Individual informants provided valuable information on current access to electricity supply, their daily conditions that affect is availability, and requirements for household use. As part of the field work, individuals were informed about the proposed project and their responses noted. The social component combined focus group discussions with socioeconomic survey work, and conducted random sampling surveys; while the resettlement work included Inventory of Losses (IOL) surveys; environmental field work, conducted by two staffs at any given time, focused on local experience and perceptions of thematic issues from project. A.2 Formal Public Consultation regarding Environmental and Social Issues Meetings 139. The meetings were held in Kampong Cham, Kampong Thom and Siem Reap, combining resettlement and environmental components of project activity. The initial discussions were held with the inspector of EDC at the site and staff to understand the proposed system components and operational constraints. The total of participants 729 and female participants with 400 persons. Despite being informed of impacts on their assets, livelihood and businesses and their entitlements to compensation and necessary support, they agreed to cut all the trees are affected for the project along the roads side o r project areas as be their properties or assets with compensation.

140. There were twenty-seven (27) meetings held in the provinces of Siem Reap, Kampong Thom and Kampong Cham of the Package 1 from April to May 2018. The detail in the following Table.

Table 7.1: Schedule of Public Consultation Meetings Conducted Venue/ Particip Total No Date Commune District Provinces Village ants Female 1 20.4.2018 Leab Peak Snaeng Angkor Thum Siem reap 13 9 2 25.4.2018 Ou Meanchey Svay Leu Svay Leu Siem reap 17 10 3 25.4.2018 Lom Touk Svay Leu Svay Leu Siem reap 23 16 Peak Snaeng 4 25.4.2018 Peak Snaeng Angkor Thum Siem reap 9 9 Thmei 5 25.4.2018 Khting Peak Snaeng Angkor Thum Siem reap 13 9 6 25.4.2018 Chob Leu Svay Leu Svay Leu Siem reap 44 39 7 25.4.2018 Thmey Svay Leu Svay Leu Siem reap 10 6 8 27.4.2018 Chob Kraom Svay Leu Svay Leu Siem reap 10 6 9 28.4.2018 Ou Sala Kampong Svay Kampong Svay Kompong Thom 23 14 10 28.4.2018 Tiem Chas Kampong Svay Kampong Svay Kompong Thom 18 4 37

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Venue/ Particip Total No Date Commune District Provinces Village ants Female 11 28.4.2018 Prey Preah Kampong Svay Kampong Svay Kompong Thom 10 4 12 28.4.2018 Tnaot Kampong Svay Kampong Svay Kompong Thom 23 14 13 29.4.2018 Chong Prey Kampong Svay Kampong Svay Kompong Thom 26 15 14 29.4.2018 Chrang Kraham Kampong Svay Kampong Svay Kompong Thom 24 14 15 29.4.2018 Ou Sala Kampong Svay Kampong Svay Kompong Thom 23 14 16 29.4.2018 Ta Am Kampong Svay Kampong Svay Kompong Thom 25 12 17 29.4.2018 Ta Paong Kampong Svay Kampong Svay Kompong Thom 17 3 18 30.4.2018 At Su Sambour Prasat Sambour Kompong Thom 32 20 19 30.4.2018 Ou Kru Kae Sambour Prasat Sambour Kompong Thom 36 26 20 1.5.2018 Cheay Sampov Sambour Prasat Sambour Kompong Thom 46 28 21 2.5.2018 Chhuk Ta Prok chamkar leu Kampong Cham 38 20 22 2.5.2018 Svay Teab Ta Prok chamkar leu Kampong Cham 15 9 23 2.5.2018 Rumchek Ta Prok chamkar leu Kampong Cham 43 23 24 3.5.2018 Ou Ta Saeng Ta Prok chamkar leu Kampong Cham 15 6 25 3.5.2018 Srae Prang Ta Prok chamkar leu Kampong Cham 24 19 26 3.5.2018 Neang Leung Ta Prok chamkar leu Kampong Cham 16 10 27 3.5.2018 Ta Ong Ta Ong Chamkar Leu Kampong Cham 40 17 Data source: Project Survey conducted from April to May 2018

141. At that time, the facilitator team was invited the local authorities to conduct consultation meeting for disclosed project information as well as distributed the PIBs to the APs who did not join the meeting . The Table schedule of consultation meeting with local authorities is shown in the below Table.

Table 7.2: Schedule of Consultation Meetings with local authorities Total Total Date Commune District Position of Participant Participant Female Chief of Commune: 1 7.4.2018 Chob Ta Trav Angkor Thum 8 0 Chief of Village: 1 Vice/Sub-village: 1 Chief of Commune: 1 8.4.2018 Svay Damkum Siem Reab 11 2 Chief of Village: 1 Vice/Sub-village: 1 Chief of Commune: 1 8.4.2018 Peak Snaeng Angkor Thum 12 4 Chief of Village: 3 Chief of Commune: 1 8.4.2018 Siem Reap Siem Reab 12 2 Chief of Village: 3 District Governor: 2 26.4.2018 Angkor Thom office 10 3 Deputy director: 1 Chief of Commune :1 Deputy commune chief: 2 26.4.2018 Rochek office Banteay Srei 9 3 Vice/Sub-village:1 Commune councils: 2 Chief of Village: 3 Teamwork : 6 Chief of Commune:1 Chief 26.4.2018 Prash Dak office Banteay Srei 13 3 Clerk:1, assistant of commune: 1 District Governor: 1 26.4.2018 Bonteay Srey office 10 3 Administrative staff: 2 Representative of EDC: 1 Chief of Commune:1 26.4.2018 Khnar Sondaiy office 11 4 Deputy commune chief: 2 Commune councils: 2 Data source: Project Survey conducted from April to May 2018

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A.3 Information Dissemination 142. A general description of the project was prepared in Khmer language, using visual means to provide some detail about the project proposal. Hand drawn/lettered poster boards – and large scale prints of drawings – were used in the presentation. Environmental and social impacts identified by the project team were reviewed, as described in the IEE. Attendance lists were completed at the meet ing and are included in Appendix 7. A.4 Information Solicitation 143. The public in attendance was informed about the general purpose of the meeting: to ascertain the public’s views on the project, suggestions for improvement, and concerns about environmental and social impact. Questions and comments were solicited, and ample time provided for attendees to react and respond. Responses were recorded on specially prepared forms, noting the name, age, sex and occupation of the respondent, and the nature of the response.

C. Additional Planned Disclosure and Consultation Activities

144. The above noted surveys were important for ensuring that the Project will have the maximum socio-economic benefit; however, limited Project and environment related information was made available during the survey process, and EDC will conduction additional consultation and disclosure activities during the Project construction and operation phases.

1. IEE Disclosure

145. This IEE report will be disclosed on the ADB website (www.adb.org ). A Khmer summary will also be posted on the EDC website (www.edc.com.kh), along with either the full report or a link to the full report on the ADB website. A Khmer summary of the report will be made available in hard form at the EDC Provincial Offices.

2. Consultation and Outreach

146. EDC will carry out a consultation and outreach program during Project construction and operation:

• Newspaper advertisements in local Khmer newspapers in all Project provinces will provide Project related information, including contact points, how to access the IEE report, and information on the Grievance Redress Mechanism (GRM). Advertisements will be in Khmer. • Road side signs in all construction areas will provide the same information as above. As this is a linear Project, signs will be moved as needed as construction progresses. Signs will be in Khmer. • Similar information will also be conveyed by EDC to affected commune councils in Khmer pamphlets. • During the operation phase EDC will also provide information on lead acid battery (LAB) recycling, including the environmental and economic benefits of recycling, and contact information for the most environmentally progressive recycling companies in each province (this information will be collected by the PIC environmental specialists and made available through the REEs who will in turn make it available at the household level). • EDC will also deliver electricity safety awareness in Project communities during the operation phase where there has hitherto been little experience of living with grid based electricity.

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IIX. GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM

A. Introduction

147. A Project grievance can be defined as an actual or perceived Project related problem that gives ground for complaint by an affected person (AP). As a general policy, EDC will work proactively toward preventing grievances through the implementation of impact mitigation measures and community liaison activities that anticipate and address potential issues before they become grievances. This will be the responsibility of EDC’s Social, Environment and Public Relations Unit (SEPRU). Nonetheless, during construction and operation it is possible that unanticipated impacts may occur if the mitigation measures are not properly implemented, or unforeseen issues occur. In order to address complaints if or when they arise, a Project grievance redress mechanism (GRM) has been developed in accordance with ADB requirements and Government practices. A GRM is a systematic process for receiving, evaluating and addressing AP’s Project-related grievances

B. Type of Grievances

148. Any AP will be able to submit a grievance with EDC if they believe a practice is having a detrimental impact on the community, the environment, or on their quality of life. Grievances could include:

• Negative impacts on a person or a community (e.g. financial loss such as from loss of roadside trees, health and safety issues, nuisances, etc.). • Dangers to health and safety or the environment. • Social impacts due to construction team activities or impacts on social infrastructure. • Failure to comply with standards or legal obligations. • Harassment of any nature. • Criminal activity. • Improper conduct or unethical behavior. • Financial malpractice or impropriety or fraud. • Attempts to conceal any of the above. 149. The GRM will be made public throughout the public consultation process, and will be maintained during operation and maintenance.

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C. Grievance Resolution Process

150. The GRM consists of 5 steps, and is presented in Figure 8.1. Each step is explained below.

Step 1: EDC Social, Environment and Public Relations Office (SEPRU)

Grievances will initially be addressed by the EDC SEPRU. Grievances can be submitted through various means, including through the contractors, the Project Implementation Consultant (PIC), provincial EDC Offices, or via the local Commune Committee. In all cases the grievance will be recorded in writing and then forwarded to SEPRU.

Upon receipt by the SEPRU, the grievance will be recorded, reviewed and assessed for eligibility. If determined that a grievance is not connected to a Project activity or that the Project is being carried out in full compliance with applicable national and international standards, SEPRU will so explain in writing to the complainant. In all other cases SEPRU will investigate, assess the validity of the grievance, and in consultation with the contractor and PIC, seek measures to redress valid grievances and prevent such incidents occurring again.

SEPRU will have 15 days to resolve the grievance and respond to the complainant in writing , including disclosing the results of the investigation and the proposed course of action, if any. Depending on the nature of the complaint the course of action will be implemented by the contractor or EDC. If the complainant considers the issue to be satisfactorily resolved, they will be asked to sign a Statement of Satisfaction. If the grievance remains unresolved SEPRU will advance the grievance to the relevant Commune Council.

Step 2: Commune Council

The Commune Council will record the grievance, further investigate the grievance, and in consultation with SEPRU attempt to reach a resolution agreeable to both the complainant and SEPRU. The Commune Council will have 15 days to resolve the grievance and respond to the complainant and SEPRU in writing, including disclosing the results of the investigation and the proposed course of action, if any. Depending on the nature of the complaint the course of action will be implemented by the contractor or EDC. If the complainant considers the issue to be satisfactorily resolved, they will be asked to sign a Statement of Satisfaction. If the grievance remains unresolved the Commune Council will advance the grievance to the relevant District Committee.

Step 3: District Office

The District Office will record the grievance, further investigate the grievance, and in consultation SEPRU attempt to reach a resolution agreeable to both the AP and SEPRU. The District Office will have 15 days to resolve the grievance and respond to the complainant and SEPRU in writing, including disclosing the results of the investigation and the proposed course of action, if any. Depending on the nature of the complaint the course of action will be implemented by the contractor or EDC. If the complainant considers the issue to be satisfactorily resolved, they will be asked to sign a Statement of Satisfaction. If the grievance remains unresolved the District Office will advance the grievance to the relevant Provincial Hall.

Step 4: Provincial Hall

The Provincial Hall will record the grievance, further investigate the grievance, and in consultation with SEPRU attempt to reach a resolution agreeable to both the AP and SEPRU. The Provincial Hall will have 30 days to resolve the grievance and respond to the complainant and SEPRU in writing, including disclosing the results of the investigation and the proposed course of action, if any. Depending on the nature of the complaint the course of action will be implemented by the contractor or EDC. If the complainant considers the issue 41

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to be satisfactorily resolved, they will be asked to sign a Statement of Satisfaction. If the grievance remains unresolved the AP will have the option of advancing the grievance to the judicial process.

Step 5: Judicial Process or ADB Accountability Mechanism

The AP may advance the grievance to the Provincial Court. If the AP is not satisfied with the Provincial Court judgment, there may be an opportunity for appealing to a higher level of court. The AP may also choose to approach ADB under the Accountability Mechanism.

D. Grievance Follow-up

151. EDC may contact the complainant at a later stage to ensure that the activities continue to p o se no further problems. If there is a remaining problem, the issue will be treated as a new grievance and re-enter the process.

E. Confidentiality and Anonymity

152. An AP submitting a grievance may wish to raise a concern in confidence. If the complainant asks SEPRU to protect his or her identity, it will not be disclosed without consent. Details of submissions and allegations will remain secure within the team responsible for investigating the concerns.

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Affected Person

Grievance

1. EDC SEPRU Redressed

Not Redressed

2. Commune Council Redressed

Not Redressed

3. District Office Redressed

Not Redressed

4. Provincial Hall Redressed

Not Redressed

5a. Appeal to Provincial 5b. Appeal under ADB’s 1 Court Accountability Mechanism

1 The ADB Accountability Mechanism provides a forum where people adversely affected by ADB- assisted projects can voice and seek solutions to their problems and report alleged noncompliance of ADB's operational policies and procedures. It consists of two separate but complementary functions: consultation phase and compliance review phase. For more information see: http://beta.adb.org/site/accountability-mechanism/main

Figure 8.1: Grievance Redress Mechanism (GRM)

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IX. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

A. Introduction

153. This chapter presents the Project environmental management plan (EMP), including mitigation measures, environmental monitoring plan (EMoP), budget, implementation roles and responsibilities, reporting, and capacity building.

B. Environmental Mitigation Measures

154. The construction, operation, and maintenance of MV sub-transmission lines along rural roads in Cambodia will have an insignificant impact on the local environment. Environmental mitigation measures normally associated with internationally recognized good engineering practice will be implemented to ensure that potential environmental impacts of the Project are avoided or minimized to acceptable levels. Mitigation measures are presented in Table 10.1, including:

• potential environmental impacts that could occur during each Project stage; • proposed mitigation measures to address each impact; • the authority responsible for mitigation implementation; and, • mitigation cost and/or financing.

C. Environmental Monitoring Plan

155. The Environmental Monitoring Plan (EMoP) is presented in Table 10.2, including:

• monitoring tasks to ensure mitigation measures have been implemented effectively during each Project stage; • schedule and responsibility for monitoring; and, • monitoring costs.

156. Environmental monitoring will consist of routine systematic checking that the above mitigation measures have been implemented effectively during each stage of the Project as sho wn in Table 10.2 (compliance monitoring). The Project Implementation Consultant (PIC) Environmental Specialists, with support from EDC’s Social, Environment and Public Relations Office (SEPRU) will monitor the implementation status of the EMP, including identifying any non-compliance, proposing actions and a timeline for rectifying deficiencies and following up on the status of previous non- compliances.

157. Throughout the construction period the PIC Environmental Specialists in consultation with SEPRU will prepare quarterly environmental monitoring report for compilation and inclusion in progress reports submitted to ADB, RGC and MoE. The reports will include a summary of the results of site inspections and will focus on key issues of concern that need to be resolved. If RGC requires additional monitoring reports over and above ADB’s requirements, these will be specified by the MOE in their conditions for IEE approval.

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Table 9.1: Environmental Mitigation Measures

Project Activity Potential Impact Mitigation Measures Institutional Implementation Budget Source Responsibility Schedule

Location and Design (Pre-Construction) Phase Alignment routing Land acquisition and • Alignment designed to be within road reserves, and as EDC Survey and Base Project Costs resettlement much as possible will avoid the need to remove trees. design stage • Resettlement Plan (RP) including compensation for loss RP budget of any land or livelihood trees.

Alignment routing Encroachment into • Power lines to be routed along existing road reserves. EDC Survey and RP budget farmland / Loss of • Where road reserves are being i nformally used for design stage agricultural agriculture, compensation to be paid for lost productivity productivity in accordance with the RP. Alignment routing Encroachment into • Alignment designed such that no MV encroaches into EDC Survey and Base Project Costs precious ecological precious ecological areas (National Park s , W i l dlife design stage areas / Loss of Sanctuaries). precious ecological • Power lines will be routed primarily along existing roads/ values / Damage to trails and as much as possible will avoid the need to precious species remove trees. Alignment routing Loss of • Alignment designed to minimize enc roachment i n to EDC Survey and Base Project Costs historical/cultural Angkor Protected Landscape (APL). design stage monuments/values • Implement any special design requirements as APSARA Authority stipulated by APSARA Authority in Project areas within APL. Alignment routing Impairment of • Poles to be located so as to minimize visual impacts EDC Survey and Base Project Costs aesthetics / Loss of wherever possible. design stage environmental beauty Alignment routing Inadequate buffer • Design to comply with minimum safety clearances in EDC Survey and Base Project Costs zones for protection accordance with international standards used in respect design stage against electric and of public exposure to electric and magnetic fields. magnetic fields / Potential hazard to human health

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Project Activity Potential Impact Mitigation Measures Institutional Implementation Budget Source Responsibility Schedule Alignment routing Mines and UXO / • Known Mine/UXO contamination maps p repared fo r EDC/CMAA Survey and design Base Project Cos ts human health impacts each Project province. stage (Mine/UXO (Mine/UXO removal • Contractor to recruit accredited mi ne/UXO remo val Contractor removal to be estimated at $1.06 agency in each province, in accordance to guidance certified prior to million for provided by MAPU, CMAA. the start of Subprojects 1 and 2) construction) Construction Phase Damage to private Loss or damage to • Careful construction practices to avoid damage to Contractor Construction stage Base Project Costs property valuable assets existing facilities. • The contractor will be required to select a line route and EDC RP Budget location for poles that as much as possible minimizes the need for tree cutting.

• Where cutting or trimming of trees is necessary,

trimming will be minimized in accordance with EDC ’s minimum clearance requirements. • Full reinstatement of land to pre-construction (or better) condition after construction completion • Provide compensation for temporary loss of production in accordance with RP. Interference with Disruption of services • Properly planned and executed traffic management Contractor Construction stage Base Project Costs traffic and blockage and livelihood measures supported by good site supervision. of access ways activities PIC

Dust and noise Losses to neighboring • Good construction practice to minimize dust and noise Contractor Construction stage Base Project Costs nuisance to nearby land uses/values nuisance supported by good site supervision. properties PIC

Work during wet Human health • Construction will be limited to the dry season Contractor Construction stage Base Project Costs season impacts, water (approximately early November to mid-March) pollution, runoff of soil • Immediately cover and stabilize excavation and PIC disturbed ground after pole erection. • Require contractor to clean-up the ground after completion of construction activities. Work during dry Human health • Water sprinkling of earth-paved areas near communities Contractor Construction stage Base Project Costs season impacts, air pollution and construction sites during dry and windy conditions PIC

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Project Activity Potential Impact Mitigation Measures Institutional Implementation Budget Source Responsibility Schedule Encroachment into Loss of • No temporary or permanent Project facilities shall be EDC Construction stage Base Project Costs APL historical/cultural established within the APL. Such facilities include but monuments/values are not limited to, vehicle and maintenance areas, PIC storage areas for poles, conductors, transformers, pole boring equipment etc. Contractor • Workers will be required to confirm with all APL rules

and requirements.

• A Chance Find Procedure will be put in place: APSARA Authority

− If physical cultural resources are encountered during the construction phase, all works at the find site should be immediately halted. − The find should be assessed by a competent APSARA Authority expert, and procedures to avoid, minimize or mitigate impacts to the physical cultural resources should be developed. − Work should not begin until the procedures to avoid, minimize or mitigate impacts to the physical cultural resources have been implemented. − Where avoidance is not feasible, no alternatives to removal exist, and the Project benefits outweigh th e anticipated cultural heritage loss from removal, the physical cultural resource should be removed and preserved according to the best available technique. − Any removal should be conducted in accordance with relevant provisions of heritage protection decrees and laws. − Records should be maintained of all finds, including chain of custody instructions for movable finds. − All Project workers and staff should be made aware of the chance-find procedure. Tree Removal and Loss of Trees • The contractor will be required to select a line route and Contractor Design aBase Project Costs Pruning location for poles that as much as possible minimizes Construction stage the need for tree cutting. EDC • Where cutting or trimming of trees is necessary, trimming will be minimized in accordance with EDC minimum clearance requirements. • Compensation to local residents for loss of trees will be provided in accordance with the RP. National and Impact on area of IBA In the IBA, it will not have much significant impact on these bird Contractor Design aBase Project Costs International species due to this project is MV that the height o f the poles Construction stage conservation area and size of the poles are shorter as compared to towers of EDC high-voltage transmission lines. All of poles planting along th e route line for MV in IBA area as in mentioned and s howed i n 45

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Project Activity Potential Impact Mitigation Measures Institutional Implementation Budget Source Responsibility Schedule Figure 4.5 in Kampong Thom, the contractor shall n ot go far from existing roads for installing those poles that it may disturb to birds and its habitat. • Contractor will not let all workers stay in th i s area to avoid hunting birds or other wildlife in the area o f IBA and other. • All workers will be advised and educated about law on forestry, 2003 (Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, MAFF) that it will not allow to hunt wildlife as in Article 15 in Chapter 2, Article 96-98 in Chapter 15, and IMPLEMENTATION OF COURT VERDICT in Chapter 16. Generation of Land pollution/ • Require contractor to practice waste segregation. Contractor Construction stage Base Project Costs construction wastes contamination • Dispose construction debris only in approved sites by such as cement village authorities bags, wood, steel, • Recycle packaging wastes from electrical equipment or

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Project Activity Potential Impact Mitigation Measures Institutional Implementation Budget Source Responsibility Schedule lubricants, dispose only in approved sites. EDC packaging materials Construction of Traffic due to roadside • Require contractor to assign personnel/staff to manage Contractor Construction stage Base Project Costs poles and line works and guide vehicles in areas affected by traffic from stringing Project construction activities EDC • Post warning signs/advisories about the construction activities • Coordinate with the local village authorities. Health and safety Injury and sickness of • Contractor to prepare and implement a workers health Contractor Construction stage Base Project Costs workers and members and safety plan in compliance with Electrical Power of the public Standards of the Kingdom of Cambodia and EDC requirements. Operation and Maintenance Phase MV Maintenance Inadequate provision • Maintenance workers will be required to comply with al l EDC Design and EDC Operational of workers health and health and safety measures related to the operation and Operation Budget safety during maintenance of MV sub-transmission lines in the PIC operations / Damage Electrical Power Standards of the Kingdom of to workers Cambodia. The Design Standard for Distribution health/safety Networks (EDC, 2007) notes that: − Live works on this category of installation is strictly prohibited. All persons requiring work on these installations must therefore request EDC isolation from the network and obtain a certificate of de- energizing. − The operation of MV equipment (in particular the fuse switch) shall be carried out by qualified personnel provided with personal protection (helmet, MV gloves, anti-UV goggles, spark- resistant clothing with long sleeves) and an approved and regularly inspected operating pole. − The fuse switch can be operated live but off-load, i.e. solely after the opening of the main IV switch or circuit breaker placed downstream from the transformer. • Safety awareness raising for EDC staff

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Project Activity Potential Impact Mitigation Measures Institutional Implementation Budget Source Responsibility Schedule Electric shock Hazards to humans • Careful design utilizing appropriate tec h nologies to EDC Design and EDC Operational hazards and wildlife minimize hazards. Operation Budget • Design and installation of components to conform to PIC Electricity Authority of Cambodia (EAC) and internationally accepted safety standards. EMF Human health effects • Design and installation of components to conform to EDC Design and EDC Operational minimum safety clearances in accordance with Operation Budget international standards used in respect of public PIC exposure to electric and magnetic fields. Hazardous waste Human health effects • PCBs will not be used in the pole transformers and any EDC Design and EDC Operational other project facilities or equipment. operation budget PIC

Used Lead Acid Inappropriate Disposal • Public outreach campaign on the benefits of ULAB EDC Design and EDC Operational Batteries (ULABs) recycling, including surveying ULAB recyclers in each Operation Budget province, identifying those with the best environmental PIC standards, and ensuring that contact i nformation for those recyclers is distributed via signs, pamphlets and REEs other means. • REEs will also be required to provide information on ULAB recycling. National and Impact on area of IBA • In case, there are some identified some negatives EDC Design and EDC Operational International impacts from this MV lines in IBA area occurred to birds, operation budget conservation area EDC shall work with Ministry of Agricultures, Fis heries PIC and Forestry or some NGOs working on birds to immediately find the suitable mitigation to minimize those impacts, especially the location of Stung/Prasat Bal ang and Preah Net Preah/Kra Lanh/Pourk.

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158. During the construction phase, EDC will be required to prepare quarterly environmental monitoring plans to ADB and RGOC.

159. During the operation phase EDC will be responsible for undertaking routine monitoring, reporting and resolution of environmental health and safety issues.

Table 9.2: Environmental Monitoring Plan

Environmental Monitoring Tasks8 Implementation Responsibility Implementation Schedule Pre-Construction Phase Environmental audit of bidding documents to ensure PIC Prior to issue of bidding documents. relevant sections of the EMP have been included. Design audit to check that all APSARA Authority PIC Prior to approval for stipulations have been addressed for Project construction commencement components within APL. Confirmation that all necessary permits for Project PIC and EDC Prior to approval for construction have been obtained construction commencement. Construction Phase Review and approve contractors Construction PIC in cooperation with EDC One month after signing Environmental management Plan to ensure SEPRO of construction contract compliance with EMP and Contract Document Regular environmental site inspection of PIC in cooperation with EDC Monthly throughout construction activities to ensure construction-related SEPRO construction period. mitigation measures as specified in the EMP are properly implemented and are effective. Review Contractor’s worker health and safety plan PIC in cooperation with EDC Review of OHS Plan before and training SEPRO construction begins; monitor worker OHS training and public health education periodically Regular inspection of traffic safety and control PIC in cooperation with EDC Monthly throughout measures used to protect road infrastructure and SEPRO construction period. ensure public safety Operation and Maintenance Phase Regular audit of SOP including environmental health EDC SEPRO As per EDC’s RE and safety records inspection schedule

8 Monitoring of issues related to compensation of landowners for land acquisition and loss of production, etc. are addressed in the Resettlement Plan.

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D. Institutional Framework for EMP Implementation

160. EDC and the contractor will be responsible for implementing the Project in compliance with relevant Royal Government of Cambodia (RGC) environmental standards, the policies and procedures of the ADB (as per the SPS 2009) and the EMP, including specifications and special provisions that are set out in the construction contract.

161. Institutional responsibilities and reporting and review requirements in respect of the EMP for the relevant parties are described below.

162. EDC with support from the PIC Environmental Specialists will be responsible for ensuring that the overall Project is implemented in accordance with the conditions of the ADB loan agreement including ADB environmental guidelines and RGC environmental regulations and standards. In particular EDC will be responsible for ensuring, on a day-to-day basis, that the EMP is implemented during each stage of the Project (pre-construction, construction and operation). This includes the following activities:

• Ensuring that: − All RGC and ADB requirements and procedures relating to environmental safeguards are complied with prior to construction. − The bidding documents include relevant sections of the EMP. − EMP implementation is monitored and results are reported regularly.

− Sufficient environmental staff resources are in place to undertake EDC’s EMP responsibilities. • Carrying out regular monitoring of the Contractor's construction activities to ensure that work is carried out in full compliance with the EMP, and environmental specifications and provisions set out in the construction contract (to be led by the PIC Environmental Specialists). • Monitoring the social conditions associated with the Project, including any grievances amongst villagers towards Project construction practices, Contractor activities, impairment of livelihood resulting from damage to or loss of crops as a result of construction activities, loss of access, etc., (to be led by the PIC Environmental Specialists). 163. The Contractor will be required to prepare and implement a Construction Environmental Management Plan (CEMP) in accordance with the EMP in the construction contract. The contractor will also be required to prepare an environmental management report to EDC as part of routine Project progress reporting. The environmental management report will identify the work undertaken over the reporting period and document the environmental protection measures that have been carried out, problems encountered (if any), and follow-up actions that were taken (or will be taken) to correct any problems.

164. The REEs will have the same responsibilities as EDC with respect to the distribution lines. That is, REEs will need to implement national statutory health and safety guidelines and design and operation standards applicable to low-medium voltage distribution lines and abide by the provisions of their operating licenses as issued by the EAC.

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E. Environmental Safeguards Capacity Assessment and Institutional Strengthening Requirements

98. EDC’s Social, Environment and Public Relations Office (SEPRU) currently comprises seven staff including:

• Chief – Electrical Engineer. • Two deputy chiefs – one electrical engineer and one civil engineer. • Four staff – two environment specialists and two resettlement specialists.

165. SEPRU was established in 2003 and at the time comprised of two persons, a director and a deputy director. One new staff member per year was recruited in 2008 to 2010 and two new staff recruited in 2011.

166. Over the years SEPRU has received training in environment and social/resettlement issues through various workshops (2-5 days) provided by MOE for line ministries and funded through donor projects. Key agencies providing the training have included ADB, World Bank JICA and Sida, the Swedish aid agency. Topics have included environmental and social safeguards policies and requirements of the main donors, EIA methodologies, climate change issues, CDM, PCB’s and general environmental pollution management. As a result of being involved in a number of donor funded energy projects SEPRO is well acquainted with environmental safeguards planning, implementation and monitoring.

167. The main function of SEPRU is to monitor the implementation of safeguard requirements for donor projects according to their respective EMPs, and to ensure compliance with MOE’s policies and requirements. This involves: • organizing and undertaking stakeholder consultations and information disclosure with assistance from project consultants; • ensuring compensation payments are made; and, • resolving any public grievances.

168. SEPRU works closely with implementation consultants to ensure contractual compliance with environmental and social mitigation requirements. Staff resources at SEPRO are sufficient for the current workload and are being continually reviewed and adjusted according to need. SEPRO plans to recruit two more staff over the next year.

169. In light of the above it is considered that EDC has sufficient in-house capacity to effectively monitor the implementation of the EMP for the Kingdom of Cambodia: Medium- Voltage Sub- Transmission Expansion Sector Project, with support from the PIC environmental specialists (international and national) including, but not limited to: • reviewing bidding documents to ensure EMP requirements have been included; • undertake a design audit to check that all APSARA Authority stipulations have been addressed for Project components within the APL; • establishing environmental monitoring and reporting procedures that are in accordance with ADB requirements;

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• undertaking environmental compliance monitoring;

• providing a brief refresher training to SEPRU on EMP implementation including ADB monitoring and reporting requirements; and

• assisting in the preparation of periodic monitoring reports.

E. Environmental Management and Monitoring Costs

170. The estimated costs for implementing the EMP are presented in Table 9.3.

Table 9.3: Estimated EMP Budget

Item Estimated Cost (USD)

UXO clearance

Kampong Thom and Kampong Cham 592,122 Siem Reap 469,444 Subtotal 1,061,566

Total 1,061,566

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X. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

A. Findings and Recommendations

171. Subprojects 1 and 2 (Kampong Cham and Kampong Thom Provinces) and Subproject 3 (Siem Reap Province) will generate insignificant negative environmental impacts due to the following:

• MV (22 kV) sub-transmission lines will be sited along existing road corridors and within existing road reserves - no access roads or transmission line right of way is required; • the scope of construction activities is limited involving small teams of workers, minimal use of powered mechanical equipment and extremely limited excavation; • there will be no significant land acquisition and resettlement impacts; no physical relocation will be required, and there will only be limited acquisition of livelihood trees and, possibly, very limited acquisition of private land; • no workers camps will be required; • mapping has been undertaken to assess the extent of mine and UXO contamination in the Project area, removal costs have been estimated, and clearance procedures developed; • recycling of used lead acid batteries (ULABs) will be encouraged; • no significant natural habitats will be affected due to the location of MV sub transmission lines along existing road reserves outside of nationally protected areas with biodiversity significance (national parks and wildlife sanctuaries); • impacts within the Angkor Protected Landscape (APL) will be insignificant due to minimal incursions along existing roads at the periphery of the APL, the small scale of construction activities, and implementation of APSARA Authority specified mitigation measures; and, • maintenance during operation will be limited to trimming of vegetation to maintain safety clearances and occasional technical maintenance to ensure safety of lines and pole- mounted transformers.

172. An Environmental Management Plan (EMP) has been prepared and will be implemented during Project design, construction and operation. The EMP identifies potential environmental impacts arising from the Project along with a corresponding schedule of mitigation measures to ensure potential impacts are maintained at insignificant levels and that international best practice is applied. It also includes the institutional arrangements for implementing the EMP to ensure its effectiveness.

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B. Conclusion

173. Based on the analysis conducted in this assessment it is concluded that overall the Project will result in minimal negative environmental impacts that can be further minimized through good design and the appropriate application of mitigation measures. It is therefore recommended that the Project be supported by ADB, subject to the implementation of the commitments contained in the EMP and allocation of appropriate technical, financial and human resources by the EA and IA to ensure these commitments are effectively and expediently implemented.

174. This IEE, including the EMP is considered sufficient to meet ADB’s environmental safeguard requirements for the Project. Therefore, further more detailed assessment by way of an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is not required.

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APPENDICES

APPENDIX 1: RAPID ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT (REA) CHECKLIST APPENDIX 2: SUBPROJECT 1 AND 2 LINE LAYOUT MAPS APPENDIX 3: SUBPROJECT 3 MAPS APPENDIX 4: DETAILED ALIGNMENT MAPS IN ANGKOR PROTECTED LANDSCAPE APPENDIX 5: MINUTES OF MEETING WITH APSARA AUTHORITY, JUNE 26TH 2012 APPENDIX 6: SUBPROJECT MINE/UXO MAPS AND CLEARING COST ESTIMATE APPENDIX 7: PUBLIC CONSULTATION: MINUTE OF MEETING, ACTIVITIES OF MEETING AND LIST OF PUBLIC CONSULTATION

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APPENDIX 1: RAPID ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT (REA) CHECKLIST

Instructions:

(i ) The project team completes this checklist to support the environmental classification of a project. It is to be attached to the environmental categorization form and submitted to the Environment and Safeguards Division (RSES) for endorsement by the Director, RSES and for approval by the Chief Compliance Officer.

(ii ) This checklist focuses on environmental issues and concerns. To ensure that social dimensions are adequately considered, refer also to ADB's (a) checklists on involuntary resettlement and Indigenous Peoples; (b) poverty reduction handbook; (c) staff guide to consultation and participation; and (d) gender checklists.

(iii ) Answer the questions assuming the “without mitigation” case. The purpose is to identify potential impacts. Use the “remarks” section to discuss any anticipated mitigation measures.

Rural Electrification Project – TA 7675 (CAM) Country/Project Title:

Sector Division: SEEN

SCREENING QUESTIONS Yes No REMARKS

A. Project Siting

- Is the Project area adjacent to or within any of the following environmentally sensitive areas? - Note: If project area is adjacent to any of the sensitive areas below, please indicate the minimum distance (km) from the project area boundary

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SCREENING QUESTIONS Yes No REMARKS

X  Some sub-transmission alignments are along several perimeter sections of the Angkor Protected Landscape (APL). Potential impacts on cultural relics are not anticipated due to minimal incursions along - Cultural heritage site existing roads, the small scale of construction activities within existing road reserves, and implementation of APSARA Authority specified mitigation measures.

 X Sub-transmission line alignments avoid encroachment into protected areas (National Parks, Wildlife Sanctuaries). However some alignments are located along roads within Transition Zone of the Tonle Sap Biosphere Reserve. Within the Transition zone, sustainable - Protected Area development is permitted in keeping with the needs of the local population. The proposed works under this Project are totally in keeping with the requirements of the Tonle Sap Biosphere Reserve Secretariat

X  - Some IBAs in Stung/Prasat - National and International Protection Area (IBA) Balang and Preah Net Preah/Kra Lanh/Pourk, overlap of the project. - This MV route line is along the existing roads in this area, thus, it will not have a much significant impact on these bird species due to the height of the poles and its size of the poles are shorter and smaller as compared to towers o f high-voltage transmission lines.

- Wetland  X

- Mangrove  X

- Estuarine  X

- Buffer zone of protected area  X

 X See comments above in relation to - Special area for protecting biodiversity Protected Areas

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B. Potential Environmental Impacts - Will the Project cause…

- Encroachment on historical, cultural areas  X or archeologically significant areas?

- encroachment into precious ecosystem (e.g.  X IBA near this MV route line in sensitive habitats like protected forest areas Kampong Thom ( Stung/Prasat or terrestrial wildlife habitats or IBA? Balang) shall be consider to find good mitigation measure during construction and operation to avoid disturbance to birds and its habitat, even this project has the height of the poles and size of the poles are shorter and smaller as compared to towers of high-voltage transmission lines

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SCREENING QUESTIONS Yes No REMARKS

- deterioration of surface water quality due to silt X runoff, and sanitary wastes from construction workers ? - short-term soil erosion and silt runoff due to X construction? - increased local air pollution due to construction X activities? - chemical pollution resulting from use of X herbicides for clearing of vegetation during construction and maintenance? - possible use of PCBs (transformers or X capacitors) - noise and vibration from construction activities? X

- Tree removal or pruning? X

- dislocation or involuntary resettlement of people X

- changes in land use, loss of productive land? X

- public exposure to electromagnetic fields? X

- aesthetic degradation and property value loss? X If anything, property values could increase due to improved access to electricity

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APPENDIX 2: SUBPROJECT 1 AND 2 LINE LAYOUT MAPS

Subproject 1: Kampong Cham and Kampong Thom Provinces

Subproject 2: Siem Reap Province

Note: detailed layout maps may not reflect latest alignment modifications presented in the main IEE Report

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APPENDIX 3: SUBPROJECT 3 MAPS

Figure 1: Tentative 22 kV Alignment and REEs, Oddar Meanchey Province, Subproject 3

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Figure 2: Tentative 22 kV Alignment and REEs, Banteay Meanchey Province, Subproject 3 130

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Figure 3: Tentative 22 kV Alignment and REEs, Kandal Province, Subproject 3

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APPENDIX 4: DETAILED ALIGNMENT MAPS IN ANGKOR PROTECTED LANDSCAPE

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Figure 1: 22 kV Alignment and APL (west of Prasat Bakong)

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Figure 2: 22 kV Alignment and APL (south of Prasat Bakong)

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Figure 3: 22 kV Alignment and APL (southeast of Prasat Bakong)

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Figure 4: 22 kV Alignment and APL (west of Western Baray)

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Figure 5: 22 kV Alignment and APL (Srah Srang and eastern APL area)

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Figure 6: 22 kV Alignment and APL (South of Siem Reap City)

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APPENDIX 5: MINUTES OF MEETING WITH APSARA AUTHORITY, JUNE 26TH 2012

Meeting date 26-June-2012 Time: 09:00 AM Location: APSARA Authority Siem Reap Project Name: Prepared by Serey Phal and A. Date 02-July-2012 Bansgrove Subject Proposed Cambodia Rural Electrification Project and Angkor Protected Landscape, Siem Reap

Present:

APL: - H.E. Chhor Thanath, Deputy General Director - Hok Pengse, Director of Department of Administration, Personnel and Material - APSARA Staff

ADB/EDC Team - Ashley Bansgrove, Environmental Safeguards Advisor

- Serey Phal, Social Specialist

- EDC Staff

Meeting Summary:

1) June 26, 2012 at 09:00 am at the meeting room of the APSARA Authority, a high level meeting was held between the APSARA Authority, EDC and the AECOM environment Team. The AECOM environment expert briefed APSARA Authority on the Project and gave them a blow up of the APL map. They take the approval process very seriously, and want EDC to formally submit a project proposal with detailed maps ASAP. AECOM environment expert explained that the MV lines are unlikely to have serious impacts on the APL. The APSARA Authority raised several questions about the LV lines that will deliver to the consumers within the APL. The AECOM environment expert explained that the Project is constructing MV lines only, and that the LV network is beyond the scope of the current Project. He also explained that the MV lines would be connecting to both existing and new LV lines, depending on the condition of the existing LV network. If there are to be new LV lines, EDC will have to go through another consultation and approval process.

2) The APSARA Authority stressed that under the relevant legislation the Project will need approval from the Authority. The approval steps are as follows: a. Formal Project approval request is sent by EDC to APSARA Authority. The proposal should include an overall map and then detailed maps of all areas where the MV enters the APL (they asked for GPS coordinates of all MV poles, but then agreed detailed maps should be sufficient). b. The APSARA Authority will review the proposal internally, including consulting several technical working groups. If there are no major impacts anticipated, they will respond with their requirements for approval.

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c. If there is the potential for major impacts, they will then forward the proposal to UNESCO and the International Co-ordinating Committee for the Safeguarding and Development of the Historic Site of Angkor (ICC). If this happens it could be a six month process or more to get a response.

3) It is recommended that the ADB Fact Finding Mission (FFM) visit the Authority. It would be good for the Authority to have already received and discussed the Project proposal prior to the FFM.

4) AECOM and EDC team visited almost all sites where the MV line enters the APL, and found that impacts would be very minimal due to minimal incursions, scale of activities and existing site conditions.

th 5) The meeting ended at 11:00 am on the same day – June 26 , 2012.

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APPENDIX 6: SUBPROJECT MINE/UXO MAPS AND CLEARANCE PROCESS

Introduction

Cambodia’s landmine problem is the result of a protracted sequence of internal and regional conflicts that affected the country from the mid 1960s until the end of 1998. The nature of landmine and unexploded ordinance (UXO) contamination in Cambodia is highly complex. The north-western regions bordering Thailand are heavily affected, while other parts of the country (mainly the East) are considered moderate to low impact, affected mainly by UXO. Mines and UXO have caused a high number of both military and civilian casualties, and have hindered national development.

Mine clearance started along the Cambodia-Vietnam border by the Cambodian People’s Revolutionary Army in 1979 with thousands of hectares (ha) of land cleared and thousands of mines/UXO destroyed to provide safe resettlement and agricultural land, despite the lack of substantial financial, technical and modern equipment support. The inception of official humanitarian mine clearance in Cambodia dates back to 1992. Mine risk education (MRE) started in 1993 focusing on providing mine and UXO awareness messages to returnees and internally displaced persons settling in affected areas when the armed conflicts had ended.

Cambodia has achieved major progresses from 1992 to 2009. Some 52,918 ha of mined affected land have been cleared nation-wide for housing, farming and other infrastructures and 860,159 anti-personnel mines, 19,952 anti-tank mines and 1,907,621 explosive remnants of war have been destroyed. The number of casualties has been reduced from 4,320 in 1996 to 244 in 2009.

The Cambodian Mine Action and Victim Assistance Authority (CMAA) has the responsibility for regulating, coordinating and monitoring mine action activities throughout Cambodia. It was established in 1 September 2000 by the RGC, and is chaired by Prime Minister Hun Sen.

Project UXO Mapping

Project UXO mapping was undertaken to assess the extent of mine and UXO contamination in the Project area. The CMAA was requested to identify known mine and unexploded ordinance (UXO) within two Project area zones:

- 100 m either side of the 22 kV distribution lines (e.g. 200 m wide zone in total), this being the maximum area that construction activities might reasonably take place; - 1000 m either side of the 22 kV distribution lines (e.g. 2000 m wide zone in total), this being a safety zone to take into account any errors that might occur from using different data mapping sources.

The contamination maps were produced based on the current contamination polygons contained within the CMAA database, and are presented in Figures 1 to 5. It should be emphasised that the maps are based on known mine and UXO contamination only, and are indicative in nature. Further ground truthing will be required prior to mine and UXO clearance to better determine the extent of contamination.

1 Source: National Mine Action Strategy 2010-2019, Royal Government of Cambodia, 2010.

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Figure 1: Known Mine and UXO Areas in Relation to Proposed MV Sub-transmission Lines, Kampong Cham and Kampong Thom Provinces, Subproject 1. Source: CMAA, 2012.

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Figure 2: Known Mine and UXO Areas in Relation to Proposed MV Sub-transmission Lines, Siem Reap Province, Subproject 2. Source: CMAA, 2012.

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Figure 3: Known Mine and UXO Areas in Relation to Proposed MV Sub-transmission Lines, Oddar Meanchey Province, Subproject 3. Source: CMAA, 2012

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Figure 4: Known Mine and UXO Areas in Relation to Proposed MV Sub-transmission Lines, Banteay Meanchey Province, Subproject 3. Source: CMAA, 2012

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Figure 5: Known Mine and UXO Areas in Relation to Proposed MV Sub-transmission Lines, Kandal Province, Subproject 3. Source: CMAA, 2012

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Project Mine/UXO Clearance

Based on the CMAA mapping results, an area of 353.8 ha has been identified as being mine or UXO contaminated within a 200 m wide zone centred on the MV alignments for Subprojects 1 and 2 (Table 1). Based on costs associated with contamination removal for similar projects, CMAA estimates that clearance will cost a total of 1.06 million USD for the two subprojects. This estimate is based on kno wn mine and UXO contamination only, and further ground truthing will be required prior to mine and UXO clearance to better determine the extent of contamination and cost of clearance in each province.

Table 1: Known Mine/UXO Contamination and Estimated Costs for Removal, by Province and Subproject

2 Affected Area (m ) within a 200 m wide zone Estimated Removal No. Province / Subproject centred on the MV Cost (USD) Alignment

1 Siem Reap / Subproject 1 1,564,813 469,443.90

2 Kampong Cham and Kampong 1,973,738 592,121.40 Thom / Subproject 2

Subtotal Subproject 1 and 2 3,538,551 1,061,565.30

3 Oddar Meanchey / Subproject 3 131,148 39,344.40

4 Banteay Meanchey / Subproject 3 26,493 7,947.90

5 Kandal / Subproject 3 692,803 207,840.90

Subtotal Subproject 3 850,444 255,133.20

Project Total 4,388,995 1,316,699.50

Source: CMAA, 2012.

Mine/UXO removal will be the responsibility of the installation contractor, though they will not undertake the clearance themselves – they will contract an accredited mine/UXO removal agency in each province. CMAA has summarised the process, which varies by Province, as follows:

• For Kampong Thom (Subproject 1), Siem Reap (Subproject 2) and Banteay Meanchey, Oddar Meanchey (Subproject 3) provinces: - The installation contractor will contact the Mine Action Planning Unit (MAPU) at the Provincial Hall in each province and provide detailed alignment maps and the CMAA mine/UXO contamination maps. The respective MAPUs will assist in the development of a clearance work plan in each province.

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- The plan for mine/UXO clearance must be approved by the provincial authority. The respective MAPUs will coordinate this. - The respective MAPUs will advise as to the next steps, including contacting accredited demining operators for field investigations, refining clearance costs, and preparing clearance contracts. Where more than accredited operator exists, contracts for clearance of affected areas may be put out to tender. - All clearance works should be completed and appropriate documentation submitted to the installation contractor and EDC before any MV sub- transmission line installation works start.

• For Kampong Cham Province (Subproject 1): - Further to the points above, there is only one accredited demining organization operational in Kampong Cham Province, the Cambodia Mine Action Center (CMAC). 9

• For Kandal Province (Subproject 3): - Installation contractor to contact CMAA as there is no MAPU in Kandal Province. - The CMAA will directly coordinate the development of the clearance plan, provincial approval and identification of an accredited demining operator.

9 See http://www.cmac.gov.kh/.

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APPENDIX 7: Public Consultation: Minute of Meeting, Activities of Meeting and List of Public Consultation A. Minute of Public Consultation

ADB RRP CAM 42361 Medium-Voltage Sub-Transmission Expansion Sector Project Environmental and Social Public Consultation Response Form

Province: Siem Reap District: Angkor Thum Commune: Peak Snaeng

Date: 06/Feb/18 Attendance (no.): 38 (14 female)

Statements and Inquiries Provided by Attendees:

No.1 Name: Ms. Klot Sopha Sex: Female Age: 40 Occupation: Villager (Peak Sneng Thmei Village)

Statement or Inquiry: For environment, I don’t worry so much, but I suggest to drive slowly during transporting poles.

Response if any:

No.2 Name: Mr. Loy Loeun Sex: Male Age: 45 Occupation: Village Chief of Peak Sneng

Statement or Inquiry: He raised that the project is very useful for local communities. They also expected that this project can provide enough energy to their people, but he suggests the cost of the electricity shall be low. (All participants support his idea).

Most of the questions have answered by study team, and EDC after each question. The participants understand well on the project status and its activities. They expected that their community will have electricity and cheaper cost for connecting and saving energy and time after the project construction completion.

All the participants in this meeting support the project 100% and wanted to have this project done soon.

Public consultation meeting at Peak Sneng Thmei village

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Province: Kampong Thom District: Kampong Svay Commune: Kampong Svay

Date: 07/Feb/18 Attendance (no.): 51 (10 female)

Statements and Inquiries Provided by Attendees:

No.1 Name: Mr. Chun Thol Sex: Male Age: 50 Occupation: Commune Leader

Statement or Inquiry:

- He opened the meeting and disclosed project information and its situation and he requests to the people in the meeting please involve with the topic such as asking the question, idea, comments…. etc.

- The project type will not produce the hazard waste that can give the negative impacts to my villages, so he supports this project 100% for environment. But some households have their planted trees affected by project shall be considered to give them some money. Last, suggested all participants to support this project.

Response if any:

No.4 Name: Ms. Horn Lim Sex: Male Age: 42 Occupation: Villager in Chong Prey village

Statement or Inquiry:

- Trees that need cutting shall inform us in advance, after cut they shall help us to remove from our entrance gate. We also need some woods from this for our Kitchen.

- Please clean the worksite after completed work. All participants in this meeting were positive regarding the implementation of the Energy project and expect general benefits from the electricity when they operation.

Photo: Public consultation meeting at Kampong Svay commune (12 villages)

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Province: Kampong Cham District: Chamka Leu Commune: Ta Brok commune

Date: 08/Feb/18 Attendance (no.): 27 (5 female)

Statements and Inquiries Provided by Attendees:

No.6 Name: Mr. Khlot Sokhom Sex: Male Age: 60 Occupation: Commune leader

Statement or Inquiry:

- He feels so happy with the project; but he suggests to decrease the tariff of electricity from this project .

- He thinks that the project will not give the negative to environment in his commune.

Response if any:

No.7 Name: Mr. Chhit Oeurn Sex: Male Age: 55 Occupation: villager chief

Statement or Inquiry:

- He suggests to consider the quality of pole to avoid any accident to local people living along the route line.

- The project may be good for environment because people reduce to cut trees for wood.

Response if any:

No.8 Name: Mr. Veok Oeur Sex: Female Age: 50 Occupation: villager chief of Svay Teap

Statement or Inquiry: My villagers really need the electricity for their living. We need power to develop our economic, especially people will save their expenditure because they will reduce/stop using their owner generator due to the cost of diesel/fuel is high at the moment. They expected that their community will have the electricity service and cheaper cost than before and will provide necessary energy savings after the project construction is completed.

Photo of Public consultation meeting at Ta Brok commune

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B. Activities of Meeting: Package 1: Siem Reap, Kampong Thom and Kampong Cham provinces

Siem Reap Province

Location 1: Leap village, Peak Snaeng commune, Angkor Thum district, Siem Reap province Date: 20.04.2018. Total : 13 (Female : 9 ,Male:4 )

Location 2: Ou Meanchey village, Svay Leu commune, Svay Leu district, Siem Reap province Date: 25.04.2018. Total : 17 (Female : 10, Male: 7)

Location 3: Lom Touk village, Svay Leu commune, Svay Leu district, Siem Reap province Date: 25.04.2018 Total : 23 (Female : 16, Male: 7)

Location 4: Peak Snaeng Thmei village, Peak Snaeng commune, Angkor Thum district, Siem Reap province. Date:

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25.04.2018 Total : 9 (Female : 9 Male:0)

Location 5: Khting village, Peak Snaeng commune, Angkor Thum district, Siem Reap province Date: 25.04.2018. Total : 13 (Female : 9, Male:4)

Location 5: Chob Leu village, Svay Leu commune, Svay Leu district, Siem Reap province Date: 25.04.2018. Total : 44 (Female : 39, Male: 5)

Location 6: Thme village, Svay Leu commune, Svay Leu district, Siem Reap province Date: 25.04.2018. Total : 10 (Female : 6, Male:4 )

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Location 7: Chob Kraom village, Svay Leu commune, Svay Leu district, Siem Reap province Date: 27.04.2018. Total : 10 (Female : 6, Male:4)

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Kampong Thom Province

Location 1: Ou sala village, Kampong Svay commune, Kampong Svay district, Kampong Thom province. Date: 28.04.2018. Total : 23 (Female : 14, Male: 9)

Location 2: Tiem Chas village, Kampong Svay commune, Kampong Svay district, Kampong Thom province Date: 28.04.2018 Total : 18 (Female : 4, Male: 14)

Location 3: Prey Preah village, Kampong Svay commune, Kampong Thom district, Kampong Thom province Date: 28.04.2018. Total : 10 (Female : 4, Male: 6)

Location 4: Tnaot village, Kampong Svay commune, Kampong Svay district, Kampong Thom province Date: 28.04.2018 Total : 23 (Female : 14, Male: 9)

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Location 5: Chong Prey village, Kampong Svay commune, Kampong Svay district, Kampong Thom province Date: 29.04.2018 Total : 26 (Female : 15, Male: 11)

Location 6: Chrang Kraham village, Kampong Svay commune, Kampong Svay district, Kampong Thom province Date: 29.04.2018 Total : 24 (Female : 14, Male: 10)

Location 7: Ou Sala village, Kampong Svay commune, Kampong Svay district, Kampong Thom province Date: 29.04.2018 Total : 23 (Female : 14, Male: 9)

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Location 8: Ta Am village, Kampong Svay commune, Kampong Svay district, Kampong Thom province Date: 29.04.2018 Total : 25 (Female : 12, Male: 13)

Location 9: Ta Paong village, Kampong Svay commune, Kampong Svay district, Kampong Thom province. Date: 29.04.2018 Total : 17 (Female : 3, Male: 14)

Location 10: At Su village, Sambour commune, Prasat Sambour district, Kampong Thom province Date: 30.04.2018. Total : 32 (Female : 20, Male: 12)

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Location 11: Ou Kreu Kae village, Sambour commune, Prasat Sambour district, Kampong Thom province. Date: 30.04.2018. Total : 36 (Female : 26, Male: 10)

Location 12: Cheay Sampov village, Sambour commune, Prasat Sambour district, Kampong Thom province Date: 1.05.2018

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Kampong Cham province

Location 1: Chhuk village, Ta Prok commune, Chamkar Leu district, Kampong Cham province Date: 02.05.2018 Total : 38 (Female : 20, Male: 18)

Location 2: Svay Teab village, Ta Prok commune, Chamkar Leu district, Kampong Cham province Date: 02.05.2018. Total : 15 (Female : 9, Male: 6)

Location 3: Rumchek village, Ta Prok commune, Chamkar Leu district, Kampong Cham province Date: 02.05.2018 Total : 43 (Female : 23, Male: 20)

Location 4: Ou Ta Saeng village, Ta Prok commune, Chamkar Leu district, Kampong Cham province Date: 03.05.2018 Total : 15 (Female : 6, Male: 9)

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Location 5: Srae Prang village, Ta Prok commune, Chamkar Leu district, Kampong Cham province Date: 03.05.2018 Total : 24 (Female : 19, Male: 5)

Location 6: Neang Leung village, Ta Prok commune, Chamkar Leu district, Kampong Cham province Date: 03.05.2018 Total : 16 (Female : 10, Male: 6)

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C. List of Attendances

Siem Reap Province

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6.2 Kampong Thom

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Kampong Cham

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