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WFP Cambodia School Feeding 2000-2010

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WFP Cambodia School Feeding 2000-2010 Fighting Hunger Worldwide A Mixed MethodA Mixed ImpactEvaluation WFP Cambodia SchoolFeeding 2000 OE/2011/008 (Econometricians) Rüdiger Jesper and Ruegenberg Daniela Expert Transfer Value and (Economist Leguéné Pierre Expert (Nutrition Godden Kate Leader Team and Expert (Education Nielsen Steen Nicolai Prepared DARAby Measuring Evaluation of Office by the Commissioned 2010 November IImmppaacctt Results, Sharing Lessons Results, EEvvaalluuaattiioonn ) ) ) - 2010: 2010: Acknowledgements The evaluation team would like to thank all those who have dedicated their time to make this evaluation possible. First of all, a special thanks to all of the parents and children who participated in the household survey and who have given the evaluation team insight to their daily life and shared with us opinions that are related to the school feeding programme in Cambodia. Without their participation, this study would not have been possible to conduct. On a related note, we would like to express our gratitude to Helen Keller International and Kampuchean Action for Primary Education for partnering with DARA on this assignment. The evaluation team highly appreciates those public institutions in Cambodia which participated in the evaluation process, namely the Ministry of Education, the Ministry of Health, and the Ministry of Agriculture, including their respective representations in the provinces of Prey Veng and Siem Reap. Our gratitude also goes to the National Commission for Social Safety-Net Strategy. Opinions and views from all of these entities have helped us contextualise the school feeding programme within national strategies and programmes. The team would also like thank World Food Programme (WFP) staff in different units at the headquarter level in Rome, as well as in the regional office in Bangkok, for participating in the process and sharing their opinions and views on the evaluation process and results. Special thanks go to WFP‟s Office of Evaluation for the support and positive and constructive dialogue we have maintained throughout the evaluation process. Finally, we would like to convey our most sincere gratitude to WFP Cambodia‟s entire Country Office for dedicating so much of their valuable time and resources throughout the evaluation process. Special gratitude goes to the education sector and staff responsible for the school feeding programme for being patient with the evaluation team and always contributing in a positive and very constructive manner. Disclaimer The opinions expressed are those of the Evaluation Team, and do not necessarily reflect those of the World Food Programme. Responsibility for the opinions expressed in this report rests solely with the authors. Publication of this document does not imply endorsement by WFP of the opinions expressed. The designation employed and the presentation of material in the maps do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of WFP concerning the legal or constitutional status of any country, territory or sea area, or concerning the delimitation of frontiers. Evaluation Management Evaluation Manager: Michel Denis, Evaluation manager Director, Office of Evaluation: Caroline Heider TABLE OF CONTENTS Map of Cambodia ................................................................................................................... ii Executive Summary / Summary Evaluation Report ................................................................ iii 1. Introduction ........................................................................................................................... 1 1A. Evaluation Design ............................................................................................................ 1 1B. Context in Cambodia ........................................................................................................ 4 1C. WFP‟s Work on School Feeding in Cambodia from 2001 - 2010..................................... 8 2. Results: Outcomes and Impact of School Feeding .............................................................. 13 2A. Education ....................................................................................................................... 13 2B. Nutrition ........................................................................................................................20 2C. Value Transfers .............................................................................................................. 26 3. How does school feeding create impact? ............................................................................. 32 3A. Role of Contextual Factors (outside WFP‟s control) ..................................................... 32 3B. The Role of Implementation Factors (within WFP‟s control) ....................................... 35 3C. The Interaction between Factors ................................................................................... 35 4. Conclusions and Recommendations .................................................................................... 37 4A. Overall Assessment ........................................................................................................ 37 4B. Conclusions and Recommendations ............................................................................ 40 5. Acronyms ............................................................................................................................. 42 6. Annexes ................................................................................................................................ 43 A. Terms of Reference ................................................................................................... 43 B. Bios of Team Members ............................................................................................. 60 C. Bibliography .............................................................................................................. 62 D. List of Individuals/Organisations Interviewed ......................................................... 71 E. Detail on Methodology - Including the Evaluation Matrix ....................................... 74 F. Other Technical Working Papers and Annexes ....................................................... 119 List of Tables Table 1. Programmes Evaluated ................................................................................. ...... 8 Table 2. MoEYS schools vs. WFP supported schools (2009-2010) ........................... .... 10 Table 3. Estimated effect of THR on Attendance ....................................................... .... 15 Table 4. IDDS by Province and Gender ...................................................................... .... 22 Table 5. IDDS by Asset Class and Modality..................................................................... 23 Table 6. IDDS by Gender and Modality...................................................................... .... 23 Table 7. Estimated Food Consumption of Schoolchildren in SMP ............................ .... 25 Table 8. Annual Value of the Ration ........................................................................... .... 27 Table 9. Ration Value and household Income ............................................................ .... 27 List of Graphs Graph 1. School Feeding share of Commodities Distributed in 2009 ................................... 9 Graph 2. School Feeding Beneficiaries vs. Planned (2002-2010) ......................................... 9 Graph 3. Analytical Intervention Logic: Input - Output ...................................................... 12 Graph 4. Attendance by Gender and Strata ......................................................................... 14 Graph 5. WFP Monitoring Attendance Rates....................................................................... 15 Graph 6. Difference in Promotion Rates (Targeted vs. Non-targeted schools) ................... 17 Graph 7. Difference in Repetition Rates (Targeted vs. Non-targeted schools) .................... 17 Graph 8. Number of Grades Repeated by Age ..................................................................... 18 Graph 9. Estimated Change in Drop-out Rate (%) ............................................................... 18 Graph 10. Adequacy of water source by province .............................................................. 24 Graph 11. Prevalence of infections by water source ........................................................... 24 Graph 12. Utilization of extra time ..................................................................................... 28 Graph 13. Asset Groups SMP beneficiaries and non-beneficiaries .................................... 29 Graph 14. SMP and HFIAS categories ................................................................................30 Graph 15. THR and HFIAS categories ...............................................................................30 Map of Cambodia ii Executive Summary / Summary Evaluation Report Background and Context 1. The Cambodia School Feeding Impact Evaluation is part of a series of evaluations commissioned by World Food Programme‟s (WFP) Office of Evaluation. The purpose of the Cambodia Impact Evaluation is to evidence intended and unintended effects of the WFP Cambodia School Feeding Programme. 2. The objectives of the impact evaluation are: a) To evaluate the outcomes and impact achieved so far from the various modalities that have been used in relation to stated educational and gender objectives;
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