He Reo Ora Māori-Language Revitalisation Activities and Resources in Homes and Communities
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He Reo Ora Māori-language revitalisation activities and resources in homes and communities Nicola Bright Elliot Lawes Basil Keane Sheridan McKinley A report prepared for Te Mātāwai by Te Wāhanga–New Zealand Council for Educational Research New Zealand Council for Educational Research P O Box 3237, Wellington, New Zealand © NZCER, 2018 He Reo Ora Māori-language revitalisation activities and resources in homes and communities Nicola Bright, Elliot Lawes, Basil Keane, and Sheridan McKinley 1 He mihi Acknowledgments Thank you to all—individuals, whānau, hapū, iwi, groups, and organisations—who contributed to He Reo Ora. E kore e mutu ngā mihi ki a koutou katoa. We would also like to thank Te Mātāwai board members, pae motuhake members, and staff members Mere-Hēni Simcock-Reweti, Hollie Smith, Rosalind Houghton, and Roihana Nuri for their contributions to the project. We are grateful also to the Hei Reo Whānau for sharing their database of te reo Māori activities with us. We would like to thank the Ministry of Education, Te Taura Whiri i te Reo Māori, Te Māngai Pāho, Te Puni Kōkiri, the Ministry for Culture and Heritage (Creative New Zealand, Te Matatini Society, New Zealand Music Commission, New Zealand Film Commission, NZ on Air, Broadcasting Standards Authority), the Department of Internal Affairs (National Library) and Māori Television for the time and effort spent in gathering information about their support of te reo Māori revitalisation. We also acknowledge the support of NZCER staff and others in this project: Rebecca Lythe for the literature review, and Sandy Robbins, Eliza de Waal, Maraea Hunia, and particularly Jennifer Williams for locating and collating information online; Dinah Vincent for the communications campaign, Teresa Maguire for co-ordinating the mass emails to organisations throughout Aotearoa; Stephanie Tibble for promoting He Reo Ora and managing the design and publication of the report; Edith Hodgen for her statistical expertise; Brad Stringer for assistance with data reporting, and Jo MacDonald for reviewing the report. Finally, our thanks go to Te Haumihiata Mason for translations support. 2 HE REO ORA | MĀORI-LANGUAGE REVITALISATION ACTIVITIES AND RESOURCES IN HOMES AND COMMUNITIES He ihirangi Contents list He mihi Acknowledgments 1 He whakarāpopototanga Executive summary 6 He kupu whakataki Introduction 8 Te huarahi rangahau Research approach 9 Ngā kaupapa me ngā rauemi whakarauora i te reo Māori Māori-language revitalisation activities and resources 13 Ngā kaupapa Activities 14 What types of activities are occurring? 14 What is the main focus of activities? 16 What are the main Māori-language revitalisation goals for activities? 18 Who are activities for? 19 Te reo Māori speakers 23 Interesting facts about the most common types of activities 26 How are activities funded? 27 Ngā rauemi Resources 28 What types of resources are produced? 28 In which clusters are resources used? 29 What are the main Māori-language revitalisation goals for resources? 29 Who are resources for? 31 Te reo Māori speakers 33 Interesting facts about the most common types of resources 35 How are resources funded? 35 3 Ngā pūrongo ā-kāhui Cluster reports 36 Te Tai Tokerau 37 Tainui 40 Mātaatua 43 Te Arawa 46 Te Tai Rāwhiti 49 Te Tai Hau-ā-uru 52 Te Waipounamu 55 Te pūtea mō te whakarauora i te reo Māori Funding for te reo Māori revitalisation 59 Te Tāhuhu o te Mātauranga / Ministry of Education 60 Te Taura Whiri i te Reo Māori / Māori Language Commission 62 Te Puni Kōkiri / Ministry of Māori Development 64 Te Māngai Pāho 66 Whakaata Māori / Māori Television Service 69 Manatū Taonga / Ministry for Culture and Heritage 70 Te Tari Taiwhenua / Department of Internal Affairs 72 Commentary 75 He kupu whakakapi Concluding comments 76 Ngā tohutoro References 77 4 HE REO ORA | MĀORI-LANGUAGE REVITALISATION ACTIVITIES AND RESOURCES IN HOMES AND COMMUNITIES He tūtohi List of tables Table 1 All Activities 15 Table 2 Activities That Occurred Nationally 16 Table 3 Activities Associated Specifically With Particular Clusters 16 Table 4 Main Focus of Activities 17 Table 5 Focus on Māori-Language Revitalisation 18 Table 6 Groups of Interest For Whom Activities Were Intended 20 Table 7 Types of Activities with Top Intended Audiences 22 Table 8 Activities Associated with Groups of Reo Māori Speakers 23 Table 9 Types of Resources 28 Table 10 Resources Associated with Clusters 29 Table 11 Focus on Māori-Language Revitalisation Goals 30 Table 12 Groups For Whom the Resource was Intended 31 Table 13 Resources Associated with Groups of Reo Māori Speakers 33 Table 14 All activities Associated with Te Tai Tokerau 38 Table 15 Main Māori-Language Revitalisation Goals of Activities 39 Table 16 Types of Resources associated with Te Tai Tokerau 39 Table 17 All Activities Associated with Tainui 41 Table 18 Main Māori-Language Revitalisation Goals of Activities 42 Table 19 Types of Resources associated with Tainui 42 Table 20 All Activities Associated with Mātaatua 44 Table 21 Main Māori-Language Revitalisation Goals of Activities 45 Table 22 Types of Resources associated with Mātaatua 45 Table 23 All Activities Associated with Te Arawa 47 Table 24 Main Māori-Language Revitalisation Goals of Activities 48 Table 25 Types of Resources associated with Te Arawa 48 Table 26 All Activities Associated with Te Tai Rāwhiti 50 Table 27 Main Māori-Language Revitalisation Goals of Activities 51 Table 28 Types of Resources associated with Te Tai Rāwhiti 51 Table 29 All Activities Associated with Te Tai Hau-ā-uru 53 Table 30 Main Māori-Language Revitalisation Goals of Activities 54 Table 31 Types of Resources associated with Te Tai Hau-ā-uru 54 Table 32 All Activities Associated with Te Waipounamu 56 Table 33 Main Māori-Language Revitalisation Goals of Activities 57 Table 34 Types of Resources associated with Te Waipounamu 57 Table 35 Te Taura Whiri i te Reo Māori Funding of Resources and Activities 63 Table 36 Te Puni Kōkiri Funding of Resources and Activities 65 Table 37 Te Māngai Pāho Funding of Resources and Activities 67 Table 38 Ministry of Culture and Heritage Funding of Organisations 71 Table 39 Department of Internal Affairs Funding of Lottery Committees and Statutory Bodies Through New Zealand Lottery Grants Board 73 Table 40 Department of Internal Affairs Funding towards Te Reo Māori Language Revitalisation Resources and Activities 73 5 He hoahoa List of figures Figure 1 Overlap Between the Five Most Common Activities 15 Figure 2 Overlap Between the Five Most Common Primary Focuses of Activities 16 Figure 3 Overlap Between the Māori-language Revitalisation Focuses of Activities 19 Figure 4 Overlap Between Activities for Younger Groups and Parents/Caregivers 20 Figure 5 Overlap Between Activities for Groups of Adults 21 Figure 6 Overlap Between Activities Intended for Groups of Reo Māori Speakers 24 Figure 7 Amount of Te Reo Māori used in Activities 25 Figure 8 Overlap Between Māori-language revitalisation focuses of resources 30 Figure 9 Overlap Between Resources for Younger Groups and Parents/Caregivers 32 Figure 10 Overlap Between Resources for Groups of Adults 32 Figure 11 Overlap Between Resources Intended for Groups of Reo Māori Speakers 34 He tāpiritanga Appendices Appendix 1: He Reo Ora survey questions 79 6 HE REO ORA | MĀORI-LANGUAGE REVITALISATION ACTIVITIES AND RESOURCES IN HOMES AND COMMUNITIES He whakarāpopototanga Executive summary Te Mātāwai contracted NZCER to undertake the He Reo Ora project. The aim of the He Reo Ora project has been to collect information which would create a current evidence base of Māori- language revitalisation efforts happening at both national and regional levels. This information would be critical to inform future language-revitalisation planning in regions, and to create a freely available searchable dataset of Māori-language revitalisation activities and resources. He Reo Ora—a bilingual online survey A bilingual online survey named He Reo Ora was the primary means used to collect information about Māori-language revitalisation activities that happened in 2016 or 2017 including wānanga reo, meet-ups for coffee and kōrero, festivals, waiata, and kaupapa-based activities. It was also used to collect information about Māori-language resources produced between January 2012 and December 2017 including online, print or e-publications, stickers, posters, sound recordings, audiovisual or computer files. It includes resources in te reo Māori that focus on helping people to learn the language as well as resources about te reo Māori revitalisation. By the end of May 2018 He Reo Ora contained: unique entries that describe reo Māori revitalisation activities 498 that occurred in 2016 and 2017 unique entries that describe Māori-language resources 579 produced from 2012 to 2017. The funding environment In addition, Te Mātāwai wanted to understand the funding environment for te reo Māori revitalisation through examining where key organisations were focusing their support for te reo Māori revitalisation. We therefore asked seven national organisations that had a clear role in supporting te reo Māori revitalisation to provide financial information about their funding for relevant activities and resources from 2012 to 2017. 7 Key messages The key messages about the nature of the Māori-language revitalisation activities and resources reported through the He Reo Ora survey are those we identified as being particularly relevant for people involved in language revitalisation and language planning. ACTIVITIES RESOURCES The most common Māori-language Print publications are the most commonly revitalisation activities focus on improving produced resources. people’s ability to use te reo Māori kanohi ki te kanohi. Most resources are intended to be used anywhere. The primary focus of most activities is te reo Māori. Activities also focus on supporting Many resources focus on the Māori-language reo Māori use in contexts such as the home, revitalisation goal to increase active use of waiata, wānanga, and performing arts.