Londonderry Township Comprehensive Plan
This Plan was prepared for the Londonderry Township Board of Supervisors by the Londonderry Township Planning Commission, with the assistance of the Tri-County Regional Planning Commission staff. "This project was financed (in part) by a grant from the COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA DEPARTMENT OF COMMUNITY AFFAIRS" 1' TABLE OF CONTENTS Pacre Introduction i Regional Location iv Chapter 1-History 1-1 Chapter 2-Natural Environment 2-1 8 Chapter 3-Population/Socio-Economic Profile 3-1 Chapter 4-Employment and Economy 4-1 Chapter 5-Existing Land Use 5-1 I Chapter 6-Housing 6-1 Chapter 7-Transportation 7-1 Chapter 8-Community Facilities and Services 8-1 I Chapter 9-Municipal Administration and Finances 9-1 Chapter 10 - Energy 10-1 Chapter 11 - Community Goals and Objectives 11-1 Chapter 12 - Energy Plan 12-1 Chapter 13 - Transportation Plan 13-1 Chapter 14 - Community Facilities Plan 14-1 Chapter 15 - Housing Plan 15-1 Chapter 16 - Future Land Use Plan 16-1 Chapter 17 - Plan Administration and Implementation 17-1
I Appendix - Community Attitude Survey I' I I I I I I: I' I I List of Tables 1 Table Number Title Paqe 3-1 Population Trends: 1940 - 1980 3-5 1 3-2 Percentage of Population Change: 1940-1980 3-5 3-3 Elderly Population 65 Years of Age and Older: 1970 - 1980 3-8 3-4 Race/Ethnic Composition: 1980 3-8 1 3-5 Population Households/Marital Status: 1980 3-9 3-6 Years of School Completed: 1970 - 1980 3-10 3-7 Income/Poverty Comparisons 3-12 1 3-8 Population Projections: 1980 - 2000 3-16 3-9 Population Projection/Number and Percentage of Change: 1980 - 2000 3-16 4-1 Labor Force by Sex by Persons: 1980 4-3 1 4-2 Township Residents by Place of Employment: 1980 4-4 4-3 Employment by Industry (State, SMSA, 1 County): 1980 4-5 4-4 Employment by Industry (Londonderry Township): 1980 4-7 1 4-5 Employment by Occupation: 1980 4-8 4-6 Employment by Class of Worker: 1980 4-9 4-7 Mean Household Income: 1980 4-10 4-8 Unemployment Rate: 1980 and 1988 4-10 1 5-1 Existing Land Use - By Parcel: 1988 5-3 6-1 Year - Round Dwelling Units: 1970 - 1980 6-1 6-2 Housing Inventory: 1970 - 1980 6-2 1 6-3 Dwelling Units by Occupancy Status and Tenure: 1980 6-3 6-4 Housing Inventory-Residential Design: 1980 6-3 1 6-5 Residential Construction Activities: 1984 - 1987 6-4 6-6 Household Size: 1980 6-4 6-7 Rooms Per Housing Unit: 1980 6-5 1 6-8 Age of Dwelling Units: 1980 6-6 6-9 Occupied Units by Plumbing Facilities: 1970 - 1980 6-7 1 6-10 Occupied Units by Bathroom Facilities: 1970 - 1980 6-7 6-11 Selected Area Housing Condition Survey 6-10 6-12 Value of Owner Occupied Dwellings: 1980 6-12 1 6-13 Contract Rent: 1980 6-12 6-14 Median Housing Values and Contract Rents: 1980 6-13 1 6-15 Average Cost of Construction Per Single Family Dwelling: 1984 and 1987 6-13 6-16 Average Cost of Construction/New Dwellings: 1 1984 and 1987 6-14 7-1 Travel to Work Information 7-2 7-2 State Highway Information 7-3 7-3 Functional Classification System 7-4 1 7-4 Street Design Requirements 7-5 9-1 Municipal Revenues and Expenditures: 1984 - 1988 9-8 1 16-1 Future Land Use 16-6 1 I I List of Maps I Title Followinq Pase Hydrologic Soils Groups 2-3 Drainage Basins 2-4 Flood Plain 2-5 I Slopes 2-5 Homesite Locations With Basement Limitations 2-6 Soils Limitations For On-Lot Septic Systems 2-6 I Woodlands 2-6 Geology 2-8 Environmental Limitations 2-9 I Existing Land Use 5-3 Community Facilities and Utilities 8-15 Transportation Plan 13-6 'I Future Land Use Plan 16-6 I1 I I 1 :I '1 I I List of Exhibits Exhibit Number Title Paqe 3 -A Population Trends: 1940 - 1980 3-4 3-B Population Changes: 1940 - 1980 3-4 3-C1 Age/Sex Comparisons: 1970 3-6 3-C2 Age/Sex Comparisons: 1980 3-6 3-D Household Income Profile: 1979 3-11 3-E Population Density: 1970 - 1980 3-15 6 -A Housing Condition Survey Areas 6-9 8-A Library Locations in Dauphin County 8-5 13-A Urban Street Design Criteria 13-5 INTRODUCTION The Londonderry Township Planning Commission has been tasked by the Board of Supervisors to update the Township's 1976 Comprehensive Plan. Londonderry, like many other municipalities in Dauphin County, has officially recognized the importance of taking a comprehensive approach to guiding future development and more effectively managing municipal services within its corporate limits to provide for the health, safety, convenience, and general welfare of its citizens. Purpose of the Plan The Comprehensive Plan is a policy guide to orderly municipal development in an effort to promote the health, safety, welfare, morals, and convenience of its residents. It is intended to organize and coordinate the interrelated collection of people, land, facilities, ideas, services, land uses, and environmental elements which comprise the Township as a whole. Thus the term "comprehensive" is used to express the overall scope of plan content. The plan, in effect, charts the course for municipal growth and change by:
0 expressing the aims and ambitions of the residents; 0 delineating the municipal form and character it seeks to achieve; 0 being responsive to change (dynamic); and 0 being subject to continual review and revision as necessary. Planninq as a Concept Comprehensive planning should be viewed as a process rather than as a conclusive statement. The Plan should be modified as conditions alter the affairs of people. It should represent certain short term and long-range decisions of vital importance to the welfare of the Township and its residents. Primarily, comprehensive planning is a continuing function of government and local citizenry; with the Plan serving as the blueprint or guide for action oriented programs which will bring about more orderly growth and development of the entire Township. Orqanization of the Plan Preparation of the Comprehensive Plan is accomplished in three phases, with each phase addressing selected planning elements necessary to progress to the next phase. The first phase involves the collection of all available information needed to identify and express existing municipal characteristics to be used in formulating planning policies and directives for future Township development. This phase is titled "Basic Studies" and includes narrative and graphics that describe the natural environment, population and socio-economic characteristics, i employment and economy, existing land uses, transportation, community facilities, energy conservation options, and municipal administration and finances. During the second phase, data collected in the Basic Studies Phase is evaluated for the purpose of developing the separate, yet mutually supporting, major components of the plan. Each component contains policies and directives which will cumulatively establish the framework of the comprehensive plan in terms of recommended physical development patterns and supporting facilities and services. This second phase is titled "Plan Development" and contains the Statement of Community Development Goals and Objectives, Energy Plan, Transportation Plan, Community Facilities and Services Plan, Housing Plan, and Future Land Use Plan. The third phase involves proposing the administrative structure and legislative base necessary to successfully implement the plan. The comprehensive plan is not self-implementing, it requires the administrative structure necessary to manage the planning process and a set of municipal codes and ordinances to manage physical development as it occurs over time. Examples of such development management devices include the zoning ordinance, subdivision and land development regulations, building code, and housing code; each of which serves a specific and limited purpose, yet cumulatively serve to mutually support one another in the attempt to achieve the community development goals and objectives set forth in the plan document. This phase further describes the capital improvement program as a recommended device to establish planned budgeted expenditures necessary to finance selected improvement projects in furtherance of the plan. Leqislative and Leqal Base for the Plan and Implementation As stated previously, the Comprehensive Plan is an official statement by the Board of Supervisors setting forth major policies concerning desirable future municipal development. The Plan necessarily encompasses all geographical parts of the Township, as well as its functional elements. In order to effectively carry out planning objectives , the Board of Supervisors needs an instrument which establishes general policies for the development of the Township in a coordinated, unified manner and which can be continually referred to in deciding upon development issues. The legislative authority for Pennsylvania local governments to plan for and manage development within their respective corporate limits is based on the Pennsylvania Municipalities Planning Code, Act 247, as amended. This enabling legislation sets forth general guidelines, as well as, specific administrative and procedural requirements that municipalities must adhere to in developing and implementing municipal comprehensive plans.
ii The right of a municipality to exercise its authority in legislating regulations governing the use of land has been upheld by State and Federal courts. They grant that a municipality has the right to manage its own development and growth activities, within certain legal constraints. The primary method, upheld by the United States Supreme Court, to protect and provide for the best interest of citizens of a municipality is through adoption of a zoning ordinance. However, this method of safeguarding the public welfare is not sufficient by itself. It must be supplemented by adoption of certain other mutually supportive codes I and ordinances, in particular, a subdivision and land development ordinance, building code, and housing code. I In order to provide a rational basis for the management of land use, as prescribed in the zoning ordinance, a municipality must properly evaluate the use of all land within its political I jurisdiction and give consideration to land uses in areas adjacent to its borders. To insure that zoning districts are not arbitrarily determined, the comprehensive planning process is utilized to provide factual evidence that the various land use I districts are related to an overall land use plan of the entire municipality. Through adoption of the Pennsylvania Municipalities Code, the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania has granted local 8 governments the authority to enact a zoning ordinance to implement the comprehensive plan. Therefore, an adopted 'IComprehensive Plan" for land use and development is clearly needed to provide the proper foundation for its implementation through zoning and other 1. related land management ordinances. B I I I I I 1 I I iii Recrional Location Londonderry Township is located in the southeast corner of Dauphin County, approximately 11 miles south of the City of Harrisburg. The Township's northern boundary abuts Derry Township and its eastern boundary abuts Conewago Township. the southern boundary coincides with the Dauphin/Lancaster County Line, as defined by the centerline of the Conewago Creek. Londonderry's western boundary abuts portions of Lower Swatara Township and Middletown Borough (defined by the centerline of the Swatara Creek), Royalton Borough and then extends across the Susquehanna River to its low water line, which coincides with the Dauphin/York County Line.
The Township is within 25 minutes driving time from downtown Harrisburg, placing it on the southern fringe of the Harrisburg Urbanized Area. Pennsylvania Routes 441 and 230 are two minor arterial routes passing through the Township in a north-south direction, directly connected by Geyers Church Road (T-696). Route 230 has a connector interchange with Pennsylvania Route 283, a principle arterial traversing the Township in a northwest-southeast direction. A second interchange with this Route is provided via Vine Street Extended, and is located in the northwest corner of the Township. Route 283 provides direct access to the Pennsylvania Turnpike/Interstate 76 and Interstate 283 approximately 5 miles north of the Township. These Routes in turn interconnect with other major arterials serving the Region, such as Interstate Routes 83, 81 nd 78. As a result, several major Central Pennsylvania urban areas are within relatively short driving distance, in particular the Cities of Harrisburg, Lebanon, Reading, Lancaster, and York.
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I I CHAPTER 1 I HISTORY Many of the historical facts and events that influence a community over time also contribute to its character and identity. By realizing these historical events, landmarks, and I influences that have contributed to the community, planners are better able to understand how the community has developed and evolved over time in terms of its physical development, architectural progressions, and cultural heritage. This information will be helpful to leaders of the community in consciously formulating development strategies that will be consistent with past development trends, while still preserving the character of significant historical areas and features into the future. In this age when construction techniques and trends are very similar from region to region, historic buildings and landmarks have taken on a new significance and meaning as the witnesses of time and history of the community and the many skills of generations past. Through the responsible use of comprehensive planning and the land use tools of zoning, subdivision and land development and building code regulations, preservation of these important historical assets as well as the community character can be maintained into the future. However, without first recognizing the historical areas of the community and taking proper steps to ensure their preservation, the community could jeopardize loosing these areas through irresponsible growth and development. In order for current and future leaders and residents of Londonderry Township to better understand the origins of Dauphin County and Londonderry Township, this chapter will present a brief historical synopsis of the Township and will identify some significant sights and structures within the Township. The following "History of Londonderry Township" was compiled and created by the Londonderry Township Bicentennial Commission with Mrs. Lucille Gardner and Mrs. Lida Hail as the co-chairpersons for the Commission. This synopsis outlines a brief history of the early settlers and their contributions to the nation's history as well as their business, industrial, and educational contributions through time. Throughout the reading, many significant places in the Township that have historical value are highlighted. For visual reference to the locations mentioned within the text, an 1875 map of Londonderry Township has also been included. This map was taken from the Dauphin County Historical Atlas of 1875, published in 1985 by the Dauphin County Historical Society.
,II I 1-1 1 History of Londonderry Township There is no recorded time when man first settled in the area I known as Londonderry Township, but archaeologists believe the land was first used by the Susquehannock. These aborigines are believed to have been of the same stock as the Nations which made I up the famous Iroquoian Confederacy. Some time after 1500 A.D., it is believed the Susquehannock started to move south along the Susquehanna River from their northern New York origin. The 1 Susquehannock have been described as a murderous tribe, quite skilled in fabricating and repairing weapons which they used in removing all opposition in order to extend their trading empire. By 1675 the Susquehannock were almost totally wiped out by the I Iroquois and a small pox epidemic. The Shawnee moved norkh from Maryland about 1683 and finally settled in this general area. I It isn't known for certain when the first white man settled here. When Captain John Smith explored the Susquehanna in 1608, he came as far North as the Great Falls (Conewago). William Penn I travelled up the River as far as the mouth of the Swatara Creek and in 1690 proposed locating a city at or above the mouth of the creek. The word Swatara translated from the Indian means "where we fed on eels". Historically the Scotch Irish are accepted as 1 the first settlers. During Queen Elizabeth's reign, the Scotch had emigrated to northern Ireland in search of religious freedom. From 1700 to 1750, they migrated to the "New World" drawn by I Penn's promise of religious and political freedom. This was such a drawing card that almost every race, nationality and religion was represented by first settlers. The Scotch Irish did not appreciate inter-marriage with the Germans and, because the I Quakers still would not permit free suffrage, many moved southward to Virginia and other parts of the country, leaving almost entirely people of German descent to settle this are. 1 In 1682 there were only three counties in the Province of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Bucks, and Chester. The General I Assembly of the Province was petitioned in 1729 to form Lancaster County. It comprised all the territory west and north of Chester between the Schuylkill and the Susquehanna Rivers and all west of the Susquehanna. Derry was one of the Townships formed in the I new county. It included all the land from the mouth of the Conewago up the Susquehanna to the Swatara Creek. From there it followed the Swatara to the mouth of the Quittapahilla and then I south in a direct line to the Conewago and back down the Creek to the beginning. The Court of Quarter Sessions of Lancaster further divided the County in 1785, and Dauphin County was I formed . Londonderry Township originally was part of Derry. Since the Township was so large and difficult to govern, the residents petitioned the court in 1767 to subdivide the land into two parts, the western section to remain Derry and the eastern I section to be called Londonderry. The Court was further petitioned in 1826 when Lebanon County was formed, which took a large part of the northern portion of Londonderry. At that time I boundary lines were redrawn and the southern portion of the I 1-2 I territory was named Londonderry Township. Both contributed land to form what is presently Conewago Township. The Township is comprised of large areas of rolling farm land and woods. Some scattered localities are dominated by huge surface stone. The land is comparatively rich and water supplies are generally good. Londonderry can boast of some of the most beautiful and fertile farms in Dauphin County. Colonel James Young owned two farms in the Township, Sunset and Locust Grove, that were visited by many dignitaries. The Township has extensive water frontage along the Swatara and Conewago Creeks and the Susquehanna River. There are several islands included in the Township. Chief among these are Shelly's, Elliot's (now called Three Mile Island, the site of a nuclear power plant), and Hill Island. The islands and River have been a part of history from the beginning. The Indians and early settlers used them for travel and as a source of food for all types of fresh water fish were plentiful. Due to the richness of the soil, the islands I were utilized for growing tobacco. Port Royal, now known as Royalton, was the first and largest I village in the Township. It was one of the main stops for the Union Canal. In 1811 Gainsburg, formerly called Franklin, was laid out by land speculators and consisted of about 12 houses. It was located on the King's Highway, a log road built about 1730 for travel from Philadelphia to Ohio, and known as Harrisburg Pike. The Keiper home next to the Knights of Columbus was originally used as a stagecoach stop known as the Drover's Inn. A toll-house was built on this road near the Swatara Hill Church to collect tolls for travel along the King's Highway. The settlers were people of strong beliefs. In 1774, the inhabitants met and resolved to stand by other townships in all actions to preserve their rights. Within 48 hours of receipt of the news of the battle of Lexington, the first Company of the Associators was formed. It was called the Liberty Company and consisted almost entirely of men from Londonderry Township. These men served in the Revolutionary War from Quebec to Yorktown, and many died for the sake of Liberty. History does not point out any definite participation in the Civil War, but residents from the West Shore moved cattle and horses across the I river into Londonderry for safe keeping as the rebels advanced into the Cumberland Valley.
The people of Londonderry were also quite industrious. In I addition to farming, there were many small industries such as grist, chopping and cider mills, a cradle and scythe factory, casket factory, brobm making, blacksmiths, carpet weaving and 1 cigar manufacturing. Glen Gery Brick Company was originally part of Londonderry. It had charcoal fired furnaces that produced tons of pig iron. The timbers were cut from Round Top, the I highest elevation in the Township, to make the charcoal.
1-3 Records are not available as to the date when the first school was erected, but classes were held in homes during the 1700's. By 1875 there were 14 one-room school houses. Six years- was considered a good- education, with the first five terms lasting four months. The teachers were required to row themselves to and from the islands. Residents realized the need for consolidation in 1950, so land was purchased and Londonderry Elementary School was erected. The last eight one-room schools were closed in 1955 when the new elementary school opened. Students in grades 7 through 12 attended Lower Dauphin, Hershey, and Middletown High Schools. In 1966, the present Lower Dauphin School District was formed by consolidating five elementary schools and one joint junior-senior high school. Londonderry has had many churches. One of the earliest was the Conewago Presbyterian Church, housed in a log building erected prior to 1741. The church is no longer in existence but the title to the old graveyard is by law vested in the Presbytery of Carlisle. The United Zion Children Church was built in 1893 but the building is now a private home. In 1874 the Round Top Class erected a small frame church. Services continue to be held in this same building and it is known as Shope's EUB Church. The former Gainsburg School was the meeting place of the Swatara Hill Sunday School in 1849. A need was felt for another church building in the community, and in 1859 a United Brethern Meeting House was dedicated on the ground on which it still stands. As early as 1846 there was a Bible Class whose meeting place was the Detweiler school house. In 1848 a church was built and it served its congregation until March, 1973 when a new building was dedicated. The old church still stands. This Church has been known by several names over the years. They were Cemetery, Gingrich, Geyer's, and Hillsdale Church. The congregation is presently the Geyer's United Methodist Church. Strickler's Mennonite Church was built on land donated by six Strickler families in 1837. The building was replaced in 1923. The Middletown congregation of Jehovah's Witnesses recently built a new church at Harrisburg Pike and Geyer's Church Road. The Township continues to grow. The population is now estimated at about 5,300 residents. Though it is still basically a farm community, several small businesses are moving into the area. The Township has its own 18 hole golf course, a picnic area, and a ball field all located on the old Sunset Farm. Playground equipment, tennis courts and a baseball field have been built on land dedicated as Colonel Stinson Memorial Park located in Brae-Burn. In 1963, a group of citizens formed Londonderry Fire Company No. 1 to provide fire protection within the Township. Ambulance service was added in 1973. As the land to the west and north of the Township becomes more and more congested, people are looking toward Londonderry Township. The history of Londonderry Township is quite rich, as we can see from above. Many of the farms and structures that are located within the Township are significant as land marks of the Township's past and have been recognized locally through the
1-4 Middletown Historical Society. However, currently there is only one farmstead that has been identified and recognized nationally. In 1988 the Henry Smith farm, located at 950 Swatara Creek Road, became the Township's only structure to be listed on the National Register of Historic Places. The purpose of Historical Preservation is to increase public awareness of the importance of preserving and maintaining sites and structures indicative of our religious, cultural and physical development, and to encourage public and private involvement in establishing and implementing programs to achieve the goal of preserving historically significant sites and structures for the enjoyment and education of present and future generations. The following excerpt from the preamble to the National Foundation on the Arts and Humanities Act of 1965 sets the spirit of historic awareness and preservation, and eloquently reinforces its status as a major planning element: "The Congress hereby finds and declares . . that a high civilization must not limit its effort to science and technology alone, but must give full value and support to the other great branches of man's scholarly and cultural activity in order to achieve a better understanding of the past, a better analysis of the present, and a better view of the future."
1-5 CHAPTER 2 NATURAL ENVIRONMENT In order to provide for intelligent, efficient and orderly growth for Londonderry Township, it is essential that the appropriate features of the natural environment be delineated, and that this information be integrated with all the planning tools and procedures. The purpose of this chapter is to provide a practical compilation of available environmental data as an aid to planning in the Township. It is very important that the government officials and citizens of the Township be made aware of the constraints that various aspects of the natural environment may impose upon future developers of the Township. Climate Londonderry Township is part of the Humid Continental-type climate, which means that the weather systems influencing this area originate in the interior of the continent. Essentially these systems travel eastward and are gradually modified by the characteristics of the underlying topography. The sources of moisture are the Gulf of Mexico and, on occasion, the Atlantic Ocean, which forms the storms that move up along the southeast coastline. Some precipitation comes from convectional thunderstorms which normally appear during the hot summer months. The succession of high and low pressure systems moving eastward across the United States normally produce weather changes in the region every few days in the spring and winter seasons. In summer and fall the weather changes are less frequent due to a slowdown of the general atmospheric circulation during the warmer time of the year. Low pressure cyclonic systems (counterclockwise air circulation) usually dominate the area with southerly winds, rising temperatures and some form of precipitation. The high pressure systems, anti-cyclonic (the air circulates in a clockwise manner), normally bring west and northwest winds, cooler temperatures and blue skies to the area. The bright, clear, haze free days are generally the result of high pressure systems. The study area normally receives from 38 to 41 inches of annual precipitation. Normal monthly totals range from a minimum of 2.8 inches in February to a maximum of 4.3 inches in August. Snowfall is light to moderate ranging from 26 to 31 inches yearly, on the average. The mean freeze free period is about 170 days, with a mean winter temperature of 28 degrees F and a mean summer temperature of 78 degrees F. The mean annual number of days with snow cover of one inch or more is about 50 days. The evaporation process is controlled by temperature, wind, sunshine, and humidity. The rate of evaporation during the warmer months has an important impact on water storage in reservoirs and on irrigation. The mean May to October evaporation accounts for about 72 percent of the total annual evaporation. 2-1 The mean monthly relative humidities for January, April, July and October are 68 percent, 62 percent, 70 percent, and 75 percent respectively. Sunshine, which varies with latitude and time of the year, is a factor to be considered in the various aspects of water resources. The mean annual sunshine in hours per year for the study area is 2500 hours. Winds are important hydrologic factors because of their evaporative effects and their association with major storm systems. The prevailing wind directions in the area are from the northwest in winter and from the west in spring. The average wind speed is 10 mph. The climate should be considered when developing in the Township. Tree lines and high ,ground should be on the northwest side of buildings to take advantage of the micro-climates of a tract of land. By breaking the velocity of the northwest winds, energy conservation can be realized by reducing the temperature slightly. To take advantage of the sun for passive or active solar systems, buildings should utilize south facing walls. Although the climate will not have a major effect on land uses, certain aspects of it should be considered in the layout of buildings. Hydro 1oq-y Management of water resources ,requires a knowledge of the quantity of water which is available for use and which must be managed in order to provide for the welfare and safety of the citizens in the Township. For studies of water use and quality, low flow conditions are of general concern: whereas, for flood plain management, it is necessary to know the high flow characteristics of streams and the location of drainage problem areas. -. Surface water runoff is primarily influenced by pre- cipitation distribution. However, other factors such as land cover and use, geology, and physiography influence the variability of flows from individual watersheds. Runoff has a distinct seasonal variation, with the period of highest runoff normally occurring in late winter or early spring, and the period of lowest runoff normally occurring in late summer and early fall. Low flow deficiencies develop after prolonged periods of little or no precipitation and persist until sufficient rainfall relieves the situation. Flow deficiencies of significant duration may cause new water supply problems and increase existing water quality problems. Although floods occur in all seasons, studies of the relationships among storm intensity, duration, affected area, and
2-2 seasonality suggest a tendency for flooding on principal streams to occur in winter and for floods on small streams to occur mostly in summer. Large area floods are caused by storms of low rainfall intensity and long duration covering the entire area of principal watersheds. Small area floods , on the other hand, are caused by storms of high rainfall intensity and relatively short duration. An exception to this are tropical storms which normally occur during the summer months and cause extensive flooding over large areas. Hydroloqic Soils Group The soils characteristics in Londonderry Township, in relation to Hydrology and classed by the Soil Conservation I Service, are in-the B,C, and D groups The characteristics of these Groups are as follows: B B. Soils having moderate infiltration rates when thoroughly wetted, consisting chiefly of moderately- deep to deep, moderately-well to well-drained soils I with moderately-fine to moderately-coarse textures. These soils have a moderate rate of water transmission and a moderate runoff potential. C. Soils having a slow infiltration rate when thoroughly wetted, consisting chiefly of (1) soils with a layer that impedes the downward movement of water, or (2) I: soils with moderately fine to fine texture and a slow infiltration rate. These soils have a slow rate of I water transmission and a high runoff potential. D. Soils having very slow infiltration rates when thoroughly wetted, consisting chiefly of (1) clay soils with a high swelling potential; (2) soils with a high permanent water table; (3) soils with claypan or clay layer near the surface; and (4) shallow soils over nearly impervious materials. These soils have a very slow rate of water transmission and a very high runoff potential. Storm Water Manaqement-Watershed Areas. Londonderry lies within both the Conewago Creek and Swatara Creek Watersheds which are contained within the Lower Susquehanna I3 River Basin. Both of the streams form boundaries of the Township; with Swatara as the Western boundary and Conewago as the Southern boundary. A portion of the drainage flows directly into the Susquehanna River. Subwatersheds are delineated on the Major Drainage Basins Map.
1 2-3 These are listed, as follows: ' I Susquehanna River Watershed: 1202.9 Acres. This watershed flows directly into the Susquehanna River opposite and North of Three Mile Island. Essentially, this area is sloping from 7 to 15 percent, except the flood plain area which is more level. I1 Unnamed Watershed: 3258.0 Acres. This watershed, a mixture of woodland and farmland is a combination of hills and valleys with average slopes of 7 to 15 percent. Drainage is into the Conewago Creek. I11 Lynch Run Watershed: 3004.6 Acres. Lynch Run, and minor tributaries flow into the Conewago Creek. This watershed appears to be the least hilly watershed of the entire township, as evidenced by the existing development found there. This is one of the areas of the Township that has some of its development accessed by minor streets instead of being spaced along existing State and Township collector roads. There is an appreciable flood plain along Lynch Run and minor tributaries. XI Unnamed Watershed: 533.5 Acres. This small drainage area flows into the Conewago Creek and is a gently rolling area. The only appreciable development in this watershed is a portion of a Mobile Home Park. Flood plain and flood prone areas are all part of the Conewago Creek. V Iron Run Watershed: 3397.6 Acres, There is more wooded area in this watershed than any of the others. The dominant feature is Round Top, a relatively wild area for the Township. Some of the watershed is rolling land, however this comprises a very small portion of the watershed. Iron Run flows into the Swatara Creek opposite Middletown. Iron Run has a fairly extensive flood prone area. VI Unnamed Watershed: 1288.3 Acres. This area flows into the Swatara Creek. The eastern third of this watershed is very steep, which causes storm water to run off very rapidly. This makes the area subject to rapid erosion if not checked. This and the Iron Run Watershed are the least desirable development areas from a natural limitations stand- point, such as slope and runoff. VI1 Unnamed Watershed: 867.8 Acres. This is another small watershed that flows directly into Swatara Creek. There is an extensive flood area in this small watershed, due to the significant area of flat alluvial soils. Developmental constraints will be looked at closely for this watershed.
2-4 B GROUPS JP .
IC GROUPS D GROUPS 1"
0WNSI IIP J S'YLVANIA S GRO UPS
PREPARED BY THE LONDONDERRY TOWN~HIPPLANNING COMMISSION IN COOPERATION WITH THE TRI-COUNTY REGIONAL PUNNING COMMISSION
I 1 Flood Plain Flooding in Londonderry Township has historically occurred along the Susquehanna River as well as Swatara and Conewago I Creeks. The flood maps reveal some extensive flood areas along Iron Run and Lynch Run. The floodplain map delineates the Regulatory Flood plain (100 year Floodway and Floodplain) for the 1 above mentioned runs as well as the Susquehanna River, Conewago Creek and Swatara Creek. The Township is a participant in the National Flood 8 Insurance Program and is in compliance with the Pennsylvania Floodplain Management Act, Act 166, as amended. The Township has adopted appropriate floodplain management regulations relative to I land development, subdivision, and building codes. Identification of the Regulatory Base Flood Area has been provided by the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development 9 Federal Insurance Administration in the forms of a Flood Insurance Study and production of a Flood Hazard Boundary Map and Flood Insurance Rate Map. The study and maps are on file at the Township office. Of specific benefit to the residents located in s the flood plain, is that the National Flood Insurance Program enables them to purchase federally subsidized flood insurance. Slopes In planning the development of any area, the slope of the land is a major factor. The Slope Map shows three categories of slope: those areas of slope between 0% to 7%, 8% to 14%, and 15% to 24%. The critical slope areas are patchy and scattered throughout the Township. In discussing slope, it is important to keep in mind that the natural gradients were formed by erosional forces trying to establish a stable condition. Sometimes when man alters these slopes, he upsets the balance, resulting in possible landslides, rock falls, soil creep and excessive erosion, as nature tries to restore equilibrium. Adequate drainage leading water away from the face of a steep slope and diverting it from the slope's ridge is advisable where it is desirable to curtail the soil creep. Soils The Soil Conservation Service of the United States Department of Agriculture, in conjunction with the Pennsylvania State University and the Soil Conservation Commission of the Pennsylvania Department of Agriculture maintains a continuing program of soil studies throughout the Commonwealth. Detailed soil information such as crop suitability, seasonal high water table, depth of soil, engineering classification, suitability for sewage lagoons, on-lot septic systems, sanitary landfill sites, and many other soil-related parameters are available for all of the specific soils in the Township.
2-5 In general, when soil is mentioned in this report, it is in reference to the material found above the top of the weathered bedrock. This includes the humus zone, the leached zone and the subsoil zone of a typical soil profile. The soil data alonq with depth to water information are 'especially valuable in determining suitable landfill sites, lagoon sites, and in developing solid waste management plans. The depth to unweathered bedrock, or mantle thickness, is an important factor in planning land use. Areas with a depth to bedrock of less than 10 feet permit easy access to the bedrock for any type of mineral extraction. These areas are also favorable for heavy construction that depends on solid bedrock for foundation support. A thin mantle cover may restrict the location of sanitary landfills, underground utility lines, septic tanks, and highway corridors. Areas with a depth to bedrock of ten(l0) to fifty (50) feet have few restrictions where thick soil is needed. The infiltration rate of soils, or soil permeability, is an important consideration in determining land use, be it urban settlement, industry, agriculture, or open space. Rapid infiltration permits rapid recharge of the groundwater system and these areas are suited to most types of construction where well drained soils are desired. Where a high percentage of clay is present in the soil, permeability is low, the infiltration rate is slow, and the soils may be suited for sanitary landfills and farm ponds. Upon review of the various soil-related parameters, it was determined that the suitability for homesite location with basements and limitations for on-site septic systems would be mapped as limitations. The degree of suitability is determined by United States Soil Conservation Service criteria presented in the Dauphin County Soil Survey. These criteria include depth to high water table, depth to and the kind of bedrock, the degree of slope, the hazard of flooding, and the need for land shaping and other kinds of landscaping. Wood lands Forests affect water resources in both a protective and a depletive manner. They offer protection from floods and erosion, while at the same time contributing to the depletion of stream flows. The latter occurs primarily during the growing season. Forest soils are covered with litter (leaves and twigs), which acts as a protective layer to the soil and reduces the possibility of sheet erosion caused by raindrop splash and impact on soil. In addition, litter decays and becomes humus, which helps to form a highly permeable layer of soil in which
2-6 I
100 YEAR BASE FLOOD
st-lip \J IA
PREPARED BY THE LONDONDERRY TOWNFHIP PLANNING COMMISSION IN COOPERATION WITH THE TRI-COUNTY REGIONAL PLANNING COMMISSION I
SEVE R E LI M I TAT1 0N S
TOWN SH I P \I N SYLVAN IA SEMENT LIMITATIONS
PREPARED BY THE LONDONDERRY TOWNSHIP PLANNING COMMISSION IN COOPERATION WITH THE TRI-COUNTY REGIONAL PLANNING COMMISSION i
W 00 D LAN D S
WNSHIP YLVANIA
PREPARED BY THE LONDONDERRY TOWNSHIP PLANNING COMMISSION IN COOPERATION WITH THE TRI-COUNTY REGIONAL PLANNING COMMISSION I infiltration rates usually exceed rainfall intensities. This retards run-off from heavy rainfall, thus reducing downstream flood peaks. However, when the forest floor becomes disturbed, particularly through activities associated with construction such as the construction of roads and houses, the potential for erosion increases. Soil loss then becomes a function of soil erodibility, as well as the length and steepness of slopes. The Woodlands Map identifies those areas of the Township having major growth stands. Wooded areas along streams and on steep slopes should be preserved as a means of preventing erosion and reducing flooding due to rapid stormwater runoff. Geolocw The geology underlying Londonderry Township has played a significant role in its initial development and will continue to have an effect on the environment after development. As we will show, the geologic formations that are found in the Township are going to have a significant effect on the determination of where and how dense development can take place. The Geology Map shows the types of formations indigenousito the Township. The formations are as follows: Group 1 (Trd) The area formed primarily of Diabase, which runs in a wide band from the Susquehanna River in a North- easterly direction, encompassing Round Top, is one of the Rock units that can create problems for future development. This diabase is an igneous (heat formed), medium to coarse grained rock that is non porous and very dense and impermeable. It's primary use is for building stone. Diabase is very difficult to remove with heavy equipment and generally requires blasting. The drilling rate is very slow, but foundation stability for structures is excellent. Primary concerns are very low permeability with an extremely poor aquifer; meaning that finding water is a serious problem. Group 2 (Trq) The remainder of the Township's geology, with two exceptions, is basically the Gettysburg Formation, which is comprised of red shades and sandstones. It is easy to remove with heavy equipment, but blasting is necessary in fresh rocks. Drilling rates with rotary tools is moderate to fast. This group provides good qualities for heavy structures. Rock slides may occur on steep natural or cut slopes, due to a tendency to disintegrate where exposed to moisture. The aquifer in this formation is fair to good.
2-7 Group 3 (Qal) This third group, underlain with the same Gettysburg Formation, is formed by flooding and known as alluvial deposits. The primary concerns are the high water content, high water table, and the fact that it is subject to flooding. Group 4 (Trqqc) This group, as the map shows, only appears in a couple small areas of the township. This again is part of the Gettysburg Formation and is a quartz con- glomerate. This conglomerate grouping, interspersed with shales, is moderately difficult to remove with heavy equipment. Blasting is required in unweathered rock. Cuts are stable in moderate to steep slope if rock deterioration is not excessive. Foundation stability is good for heavy structures, provided it is excavated to sound bedrock. This group is considered marginal for septic tank disposal. It is not the purpose of this plan to do a detailed study of rock types, but only to understand the characteristics of these rocks and their effects on development. To help provide the orderly, intelligent and efficient growth of the Township, it is essential that these geologic conditions be delineated, which we have done, and that this information be integrated with the other environmental constraints to form the bases for developmental considerations. Groundwater The topography, or physical features of land in the Township, determines drainage patterns and surface flow characteristics. Steeper slopes cause increased run-of f and erosion, and discourages infiltration to the water table. Groundwater flow directions are controlled in part by the topography. Bedrock geology has ultimate control of the storage, transmission, and accessibility of groundwater. Geologic factors such as rock type, intergranular spacing, rock strata inclination, faults, joints, folds, bedding planes, and solution channels affect groundwater movement and availability. Natural groundwater quality is a result of interaction between the groundwater and bedrock with which it is in contact. The more soluble bedrock types will allow more compounds to become dissolved in the groundwater. For example, groundwater in highly soluble limestone aquifers will commonly have high hardness values. Groundwater quality will eventually affect surface water quality as it percolates into surface streams as base flow. The availability of groundwater throughout the Township has been reviewed and reported on in a publication entitled "Environmental Geology of the Greater Harrisburg Metropolitan Area", which was published in 1976 by the Bureau of Topographic and Geologic Survey of the Department of Environmental Resources. According to this study, the yield of water in gallons per minute averages 315 in the Gettysburg Formation based on test wells in the Middletown Area. In the so called baked zone Diabase area 2-8 the yield is only 10 gallons or much less per minute. This area is the same as group 1 on the geology map, and water quality is listed as moderately hard with the possibility of a high iron content. The Gettysburg Formation quality is listed as Hard. It is high in calcium, low in sodium and potassium. Environmental Limitations As previously described in this Chapter, the various elements of Londonderry Township's natural environment place varying degrees of limitations on the development process; some to the extent of serious environmental and financial consequences. The purpose of this element is to identify those geographical areas that possess the greatest environmental sensitivity .due to the combined effects of nature's constraints. In order to accomplish this task, selected environmental features have been reviewed in conjunction with one another and are presented graphically on the Environmental Limitations Map. Where two or more of the following elements coincided locationally, the area was designated as environmentally sensitive:
0 severe soil suitability limitations for on-lot sewage systems ; 0 major slope areas containing gradients 15 percent and greater; 0 the 100 year flood plain; and 0 geologic constraints imposed by the Diabase Formation. The utilization of this concept of'physiographic determinism will be helpful in establishing land use densities that will be least disruptive to the natural environment.
2-9 ENVl RON MENTALLY SEN SlTlVE AREAS 1;;
TOWN SH I I 4 N SY LVA N I A ITATIONS MAP
PREPARED BY THE LONDONDERRY TOWN~HIPPLANNING COMMISSION IN COOPERATION WITH THE TRI-COUNTY RE IONAL PLANNING COMMISSION I I! CHAPTER 3 POPULATION/SOCIO-ECONOMIC PROFILE a In order to establish guidelines for planning decisions involving the physical, economic and social development of the Township, it is important to study the population and its I' relation to the surrounding region. A quantitative analysis of population trends and a qualitative analysis of population composition enable us to make reasonable projections for future I population levels and needs. Analyses and projections such as these are a basic prerequisite for the development of a sound Comprehensive Plan. I' Land area requirements, for example, for future residential, commercial, industrial and other development needs are directly related to the amount and characteristics of population which I) must be served. Future population demands will determine the amount and scope of future school, park, playground and other public facilities needs. All of these elements are important to I create the most suitable environment for future residents of the Township. I National Trends As a nation, when the 1930 Census was taken, we were beginning the Great Depression of the 1930's. The economic I hardship of the Depression had a significant impact on population growth by forcing young adults to postpone marriage and family plans. The subsequent decline in the birth rate (18.4 births per 1,000 population in 1933) netted a relatively low population I increase of 7.2 percent for the decade. In the 1940's the nation was to undergo more hardship as it went to war. Despite bolstering the economy, the war had a negative impact on I population growth, as the formation of new households was delayed and family plans were again postponed. When the war ended, however, these family plans were put into high gear and the I postwar "baby boom" began. The sudden increase in the birth rate, reported at 26.6 births per 1,000 population in 1947, contributed to a 14.4 percent increase in population by 1950. I With a strengthened economy, this growth was to continue into the 1950's. The birth rate remained at about 24 per 1,000 population until 1959, resulting in a 19 percent increase in I population by 1960. The 1960 Census also showed an increase in household formation and redistribution of the population. Seeking the best employment opportunities, young couples had I begun to migrate away from rural areas toward the cities. NO longer plagued by war or depression, these young couples, who had previously been forced to live with parents or others, sought 1 their own homes. Housing opportunities in the cities were
1 3-1 I generally not attractive to this group, and land for new housing was not available within the existing boundaries of the urban area. The "housing boom" that resulted saw developers constructing single-family detached buildings on previously undeveloped land which lay in close proximity to the urban centers. In this manner, the boundaries of urbanized areas were expanded and the suburbs were born. During the 1960's we saw continued growth, but at a reduced rate. The 1970 Census reported a 13.3 percent increase for this period, despite a constant decline in the birth rate. In 1960, the birth rate was 18.2 births per 1,000 population, the lowest since the Depression. The postwar "baby boom" had run its course in the early 1960's, and in the latter part of the decade a smaller family pattern began to appear. "With declining mortality rates, diminishing economic value of children, increasing costs of raising a child in an industrialized urban society, and children desired and born declined. 'I The birth rate continued to decline in the 1970's. In 1972, the birth rate was reported at 15.6 births per 1,000 population. The reasons are varied, but the most significant appear to be the new thinking in family planning and the changing role of women in our society. As the level of education of women increased and as employment opportunities improved, attractive work is beginning to compete with childbearing. Despite the decline in the birth rate, population growth in the United States is expected to continue, and perhaps at a significant rate. The postwar baby boom generation has reached the age of household formation, adding significantly to the number of couples of childbearing age. Our future population growth depends, to a great extent, on the number of children this generation chooses to bear. Population experts are beginning to speak of population stabilization rather than growth. A stabilized population exists when the number of births equals the number of deaths. It is the conclusion of several studies that no substantive benefits will result from the continued growth of the nation's population. 3 In fact, it is believed that . . . "stabilization of our population would contribute significantly to the nation's ability to solve its problems. 'I4 In determining future population trends in regions and localities, this thinking must be considered.
3-2
l. Population and the American Future, Report of the Commission on Population Growth and the American Future, U.S. Government Printing Office. Washington, D.C. 1972, P. 91. '. '. IBID, p. 93. '. IBID, p. 12. '. IBID, p. 110. 1
I State and Recrional Trends Population trends within the State and the Tri-County Region have been affected in various manners by these national trends. 1 Pennsylvania is considered a part of the Northeastern Urban Complex of the United States. Since 1920, this Complex has grown at approximately the national rate. It has not experienced the I rapid growth rates that have occurred in California, the Southwest, and Florida, whose growth patterns have been generated by significant in-migration. The Northeastern Urban Complex has shown some in-migration, but its growth has been determined, I rather, by a strong natural increase, a considerable surplus of births over deaths. I Pennsylvania has shown steady growth in the period from 1940 to 1970, but below the national rates. The Tri-County Region, which forms the Harrisburg SMSA, has also shown steady growth I during this period, but at more than twice the rate of the state. The predominant reason for this regional growth has been an expanding and diversified economy. The three counties forming the Region have experienced varying degrees of population growth. I Cumberland County has shown a high rate of growth since 1940, while Perry County's growth for the same period has been rather modest. Dauphin County has fluctuated from a strong pattern of growth in the 1940's and 1950's to a growth rate that was significantly reduced in the 1960's.
The national trend of population shifts from rural to urban areas and from central cities to the suburban fringe is evident within the Tri-County Region. The declining population of Harrisburg City and the growth of the surrounding suburbs has resulted in a low growth rate for Dauphin County and a high growth rate for Cumberland County, while the low but stable growth rate of Perry County reflects its rural character. LONDONDERRY TOWNSHIP Londonderry Township's population trends since the decade of the 1940's has fluctuated greatly. The Township has continued over the decades to experience positive growth, with the most dramatic increase occurring between the 1950 and 1960 census. Increasing from 1595 residents in 1950 to 3053 in 1960, the Township's population increased 91 percent. After a leveling off period during the decade of the 1960's, the Township's population mode experienced another substantial climb of 48 percent between 1970 and 1980. These statistics for Londonderry Township and three comparable townships located in southern Dauphin County are presented in tabular and graphic form. (See Table 3-1, 3-2 and Exhibit 3-A, #-Bl, 3-B2, 3-B3, and 3-B4). Analysis of the past population trends shows that Londonderry Township has been a growing community. Considering the Township's location to the developing urban area corridor to the north, the convenient access to major regional routes, the available vacant land for development, and the proposed sewage 3-3 -IT 3-A XDNDONDKBIIY TWP. POPmdTION EXHIBIT 3-B POPWTION CHANGES TRENDfl FROM 1940 to 1980 1940 to 1080
THOUSANDS Percent (X)__ 6Ooo Z50
5138 200 200
150
W 1 100 lb
60 ......
1593 0 YA I
-60 I I 1940/50 1050/80 1060f70 1970/80
1950 1960 1970 1980 YBdaS 1
treatment facility near the northern section of the Township, it I seems likely that the population growth will continue into the future. A more detailed discussion of the Township's population I projections is located at the end of this chapter. I TABLE 3-1 POPULATION TRENDS 1940 - 1980 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 Pennsylvania 9,900,180 10,498,012 11,319,366 11,793,909 11,863,895 Harrisburg SMSA* 275,429 317 ,023 371,653 410,505 447,660 Dauphin County 177,410 197,784 220,255 223,713 232 ,317 Londonderry Twp. 1,307 1,595 3 ,053 3,453 5,138 Conewago Twp. 929 966 1,353 1 ,124 2,471 Lower Swatara Twp. 1,184 3 ,557 4,508 5,267 6,772 Derry Twp. 8,653 9,993 12,388 15,452 18 ,115
SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Census - 1950, 1960, 1970, 1980
*SMSA = Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area (Cumberland, Dauphin, an Perry Counties)
TABLE 3-2 PERCENTAGE OF POPULATION CHANGE 1940-1980
1940-1950 1950-1960 1960-1970 1970-1980 Pennsylvania 6% 8% 4% .6% Harrisburg SMSA* 15 17 10 9 Dauphin County 11 11 2 4 Londonderry Twp. 22 91 13 48 Conewago Twp. 4 40 (-17%) 119 Lower Swatara Twp. 200 27 17 28 Derry Twp. 15 24 25 17 SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Census - 1950, 1960, 1970, 1980
3-5 I I' EXBIT 3-C1 AGE/SEX COMPARISONS, 1970 EWBIT 3-C2 AGE/SEX COMPARISONS, 1980 fan&-ndany Township LondomlerryTownnhip
ua! GBOUPS AGB GBOUPS
0-4 0-4
5-8 5-0 10 - 14 10 - 14 16 - 19 15 - 10 20-24 20 - 24
W 26-20 m-2s I 0-l so - 34 30 - 34 35-44 as-44 45-54 4s-64 55 - 69 65 - so 60 - 61 60 - 61 62-64 62-64 66 - 74 65 - 74 om74 om74 I 400 300 200 100 0 100 e00 300 400 400 300 eo0 100 0 100 200 300 400 mu ezl- -MAu E2dFEcyBLB
swrocr: U.S. CaaUFu 1BW CHARACTERISTICS OF THE POPULATION: Aae Distribution/Sex Composition The distribution of the total population according to the age of residents is a key factor which can affect population growth. In general, a balance among certain age groups must be sustained, if population growth is to take place. The age group from 15 to 34 years, for example, is the range of persons eligible for marriage and most frequently engaged in new household formations. This is also the prime childbearing age group, and any substantial decline or imbalance in their number will affect the birth rate. The age groups from 25 to 44 is the basic segment of the population that comprises the local labor force and the group most frequently engaged in home buying or building. The various age groups over 45 also form an important segment of the population. Trends in the upper age groups from 65 and over should be examined closely, for they may reveal a need for housing and community facilities that are specifically suited to the needs of the elderly. The population pyramids of Exhibits 3-C1 and 3-C2 illustrate graphically the population distribution by age and sex for both the 1970 and 1980 census. In 1980 the median age for Londonderry Township was 29.7 (29.5 male, 29.8 female). In comparison with the County, Region, and State, Londonderry Township was lower in male, female, and total median age for 1980. Male Female Total Pennsylvania 30.4 30.4 32.1 Harrisburg SMSA 29.8 29.8 31.0 Dauphin County 30.3 30.3 32.0 Londonderry County 29.7 29.5 29.7 By comparing 1970 Census statistics with the 1980 Census statistics (See Exhibit 3-C1 and 3-C2), it can be observed that over this decade much of the Township's growth has taken place in the productive age groups. It can further be observed that the age groups of 15-34 in 1980 have grown substantially since 1970 and have begun to balance. With this age group being the group most eligible for marriage and household formation, the foundations for increased natural population growth are being maintained. Exhibits 3-Cl and 3-C2 also reveal that the growth of the Township reaches into the mature age groups that represent the local labor force. Another age group that experienced substantial growth from 1970 to 1980 is the elderly population (65 and over). This group increased by 86 percent from 1970 to 1980. Along with their various needs for specialized community services, the elderly population of Londonderry Township will continue to increase as the Township's population composition matures into the future.
3-7 TABLE 3-3 ELDERLY POPULATION: 65 YEARS OF AGE AND OLDER 1970 - 1980 1970 1980 Number % Population Number % Population Harrisburq SMSA 41,968 10.2% 51,938 11.6% Dauphin County 25,422 11.4 29,145 12.5 Londonderry Twp. 187 5.4 348 6.7 Derry Twp. 1,562 10.1 2,312 12.8 Conewago Twp. 91 7.9 148 5.9 Lower Swatara Twp. 365 6.7 509 7.5 SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Census - 1970, 1980.
Table 3-3 represents the short term general trends of growth for the elderly population within the Region, County, and selected Townships adjacent to Londonderry Township. As mentioned earlier, the male-female distribution among the productive years is an important indicator of future family formations and subsequent birth rates. Traditionally, if the 15 to 34 years age group maintains a balance, one can anticipate the formation of new households and a subsequent gradual natural population growth. Characteristics of Population: Race/Ethnic Composition The racial diversification of Londonderry Township is very limited, containing only 20 Blacks, 8 American Indians, and 6 Asian persons. In 1980, minorities comprised about .94 percent of the total Township population. Table 3-4 illustrates these minority totals for the Township. TABLE 3-4 RACE/ETHNIC COMPOSITION - 1980 LONDONDERRY TOWNSHIP Percentage Race/Ethnic Group Number Total White 5,090 99.1 Black 20 .4 American Indian 8 .15 Japanese 4 .08 Chinese 1 .02 Korean 1 .02 Other 14 .27 TOTAL 5,138 100.00 SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Census, 1980.
3-8 In 1980 Londonderry Township had a total of 1714 households (in terms of the U.S. Census, a household can be referred to as 1 an occupied dwelling unit). As would be expected from a rather rural township just outside the urban fringe of the Harrisburg Area, Londonderry Township had 74 percent of it's households I occupied by married couples and families of married couples. Of the remaining 26 percent, 13 percent were households of single occupancy with 6.5 percent being male and 6.5 percent being female. The remaining households (13 percent) represent the single male and single female parent families of two or more, and the single male and single female householders with non-family I households. The statistics for Londonderry Township household and I marital status are located on Table 3-5.
TABLE 3-5 1 POPULATION BY HOUSEHOLDS/MARITAL STATUS - 1980 I LONDONDERRY TOWNSHIP Number Percentage Households Total One Person Households ' I Male Only 54 4.0 Female Only 93 7.0
I Two or More Person Households Married Couple Family 1,063 79.4 Male (No Wife) 20 1.5 I Female (No Husband) 76 5.7 Non-Family Households Male Householder 22 1.6 I Female Householder 11 .8 I TOTAL HOUSEHOLDS 1,339 100.0 SOURCE; U.S. Bureau of Census - 1980 I Characteristics of Population: Education I Skills and abilities required to compete in the labor market are acquired through the educational process. These skills, in turn, provide a certain degree of economic security for the I individual, while at the same time contribute to the general
3-9 economic and employment conditions of the Township. Therefore, the present educational levels and educational attainment of Londonderry Townships future residents is of primary importance to its general welfare and economic vitality of Londonderry Township. By examining the past trends of education from the 1970 Census to the 1980 Census we can see the levels of both the high school and college graduates have increased since 1970 (see Table 3-6).
TABLE 3-6 YEARS OF SCHOOL COMPLETED: PERCENTAGE OF POPULATION 25 YEARS AND OLDER 1970 - 1980 Londonderry Dauphin Year Township Countv 1970 Elementary (0-8 Years) 26.5 25.4% High School 1-3 Years 24.9 21.4 4 Years 38.6 38.6 College 1-3 Years 5.5 6.6 4 or More Years 4.5 8.0
1980 Elementary (0-8 Years) 14.6 14.1 High School 1-3 Years 22.4 16.0 4 Years 47 43.9 College 1-3 Years 9.2 11.7 4 or More Years 6.8 14.3
SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Census - 1970, 1980
Characteristics of Population: Income Closely related to educational attainment and employment characteristics (refer to Chapter 4, Employment and Economy), is the distribution and level of income among families. Family income is one of the most important indicators of a munici- pality's economic well-being. A review of income characteristics is necessary to determine the resident population's ability to pay for municipal services, as well as, achieve and maintain desired quality-of-life standards.
3-10 EXHIBIT 3-D HOUSEHOLD INCOME PROFILE Londonderry Township, 1979 Incomes
Income Levels
<2500 2500 to.4999 5000 to 7499 7500 to 9999 10000 to 12499 12500 to 14999 15000 to 17499 17500 to 19999 20000 to 22499 22500 to 24999 25000 to 27499 26500 to 29999 30000 to 34999 35000 to 39999 40000 to 49999 50000 to 74999 75000 or more 1 0 2 4 6 0 10 12 14 Percent (%)
% of Households
U. S. Census 1980
3-11
c By reviewing Exhibit 3-D, we are able to graphically see the proportions of households within each income level for 1980. The median income level for the Township was $20,012. In comparison with Dauphin County and the Townships adjacent to Londonderry, we can see that in terms of median family income I and per capita income Londonderry Township ranges from approximately 3 percent lower than the County total median family income to 19 percent lower than Derry Township. The per capita 1 income is also lower for Londonderry Township than for the County and the neighboring Townships. Table 3-7 reflects the figures of median family income and per capita income for the Township. The table also reflects the percent of families and individuals below the poverty level. I
TABLE 3-7 INCOME\POVERTY COMPARISONS Poverty % (Median) Per Persons Families Family Capita 9.6 7.3 Dauphin County 20,596 8 ,324 7.6 5.0 Londonderry Twp. 20 ,012 7 ,Q29 4.0 2.0 Derry Township 24 ,750 8 ,222 7.2 3.7 Lower Swatara Twp. 21, 719 7 ,343 5.5 4.4 Conewago Township 22 ,029 8 ,324 SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Census - 1980
Population Density As illustrated in Exhibit 3-E, Londonderry Township's population density was 232 persons per square mile in 1980. Analyzing these figures, we can see that both Londonderry Township and Conewago Township maintain relatively low population densities characteristic of their rural settings. Lower Swatara Township and Derry Township, on the other hand, maintain relatively high population densities compared to the County and Londonderry Township. These levels of density are characteristic of their location to the urban growth pressures of the Harrisburg Metro Area. The growth pressures in the Township have been gradual over the years and are predicted to continue into the future. As improvements are made to community facilities, pressures for all types of development will increase, gradually bringing in new residents. Being located around several primary transportation routes, Londonderry Township's available developable land will become more and more attractive to growth and development. As development increases, so will the population and its density.
3-12 EXHIBIT 3-E POPULATION DENSITIY Londonderry and Selected Areas 1970/80
Selected Areas
DAUPHIN COUNTY
* LONDONDERRY TWP.
I
DERRY TWP.
LOWER SWATARA TWP.
I
CONEWAGO TWP.
0 150 300 450 600 750 900 PERSONS PER SQUARE MILE
m 1970 m 1980
Source: PSDC, TCRPC
3-13 Based on population projections prepared by the Tri-County Regional Planning Commission, population density in the Township is expected to increase to approximately 275 persons per square mile in 1990, and 319 persons per square mile by the year 2000. Population Proiections Population projections are necessary to anticipate and better plan for future land use needs, size and characteristics for future markets, utilities, schools, parks, streets, and other services and facilities. Public officials need such information in determining taxing policies, zoning, and other public matters. Determinations in this respect should be based on a population projection that is theoretical in nature but tempered by judgments sensitive to the area's future development potential. It should also be realized that population increase does not necessarily mean economic growth. The relationship between the economic health of a community and population is much more complex. In some cases, a decline in population might be a healthy development in order to raise the per capita income levels and bring the labor force in line with employment opportunities. In most cases, population growth brings increased prosperity and development opportunities. One of the problems of population projections for units such as Londonderry Township, is that they are more subject to error than projections for larger more highly developed areas. A slight error in the estimate of a trend movement in the case of a large city might have little practical effect on the final results. However, in the case of small area analysis the error might have serious impact on the validity of the results. The unanticipated loss of one major employer might not affect the population projections for a city while it might completely negate the findings for a smaller community. The length of the forecast period will also have an influence on the validity of the projection. Obviously, the conditions that are likely to prevail within the next ten years can be estimated with greater assurance than those that span a longer period of time. Table 3-8 compares Londonderry Township's population projections over the next two decades with those of the Commonwealth, Harrisburg MSA, Dauphin County, and Derry, Lower Swatara, and Conewago Townships. Table 3-9 illustrates the numerical and percentage of population changes for these projections. Population projections for the State were derived by the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Resources. Projections for the Harrisburg MSA and its municipalities were prepared by the Tri-County Regional Planning Commission. These projections were derived by establishing a growth pattern based on the historical growth rate of each municipality. Each projection was then examined in relation tu existing land use
3-14 I
patterns and availability of vacant land. Each municipal I projection was then altered, where appropriate, according to proposed future land use patterns and anticipated development 1 projects (e.g. redevelopment/renewal projects). It is estimated that Londonderry Township will experience a population increase of 958 persons (18.6 percent) between 1980 I and 1990, and an increase of an additional 15.7 percent between 1990 and the year 2000. This represents a somewhat slower rate of population growth than experienced by the Township (48.8 percent) during the decade of 1970-1980. Comparatively, the I Township is expected to grow at a rate greater than the Commonwealth, Harrisburg MSA, Dauphin County, Derry Township and 1 Lower Swatara Townships into the nineties. 1 Summarv Within the Harrisburg MSA, Dauphin County is expected to experience continued growth, but at a slower rate than Cumberland County. Harrisburg City should stabilize and experience slight I growth in population, while the population in adjacent Boroughs is expected to decline. Most of the growth in Dauphin County will occur in Townships located within the developing corridor 8 extending from Harrisburg to the eastern County boundary. Though not located directly within the eastern development corridor, Londonderry Township can expect growth in its northern areas to I this activity. It is projected that the population growth of the Township will continue over the next two decades, but at a slower rate I than experienced during the 1970's. The age/sex composition of Township residents is well suited to sustain continued family formations and natural population growth. Exhibit 3-C2 reveals that population growth through the seventies to 1980 has evolved into a well balanced population with both the primary child- bearing age groups and the economically productive age groups having the larger increases overall. It could, therefore, be anticipated that with the formation of new married couple households, the Township might experience another slight increase in the school age group in the next decade. The overall increase in educational attainment (high school and college graduates) places the resident population in a much better position to compete in the local job market, thus positively influencing the standard of living and economic I viability of the Township. I I 3-15 I TABLE 3-8 POPULATION PROJECTIONS 1990-2000
1980 1990 2000
Pennsylvania 11,863,895 12,421,704 12,632,185 Harrisburg MSA 447,660 491, 929 538 ,488 Dauphin County 232 ,317 253 I 579 276,866 Londonderry Twp. 5,138 6 ,096 7,054 Derry Township 18,115 20,481 22 ,847 Lower Swatara Twp. 6,772 7 I 844 8,r 916 Conewago Twp. 2,471 3 ,035 3 ,456
\
SOURCES; PA Department of Environmental Resources - 1982; Tri- County Regional Planning Commission - 1982; U. S. Bureau of Census - 1980
TABLE 3-9 POPULATION PROJECTIONS (No. and % Increase) 1990-2000
1980-1990 1990-2000 Number Percent Number Percent
Pennsylvania 557,809 4.7% 210 ,481 1.7% Harrisburg MSA 44 I 269 9.9 46 ,559 9.5 Dauphin County 21, 262 9.1 23 ,287 9.2 Londonderry Twp. 958 18.6 958 15 17 Derry Township 2,366 13.1 2 ,366 11-.-5 Lower Swatara Twp. 1,072 15.8 1,072 13.6 Conewago Twp. 564 22.8 421 13.9
SOURCES: PA Department of Environmental Resources - 1982; Tri- County Regional Planning Commission - 1982; U.S. Bureau of Census - 1980
3-16 I I CHAPTER 4 EMPLOYMENT AND ECONOMY I A study of the economic resources and activities of an area is an essential part of the comprehensive planning process. The growth of an area depends to a great extent on existing economic I conditions within the community and the surrounding area. In areas where economic conditions are sound, the potential for continued growth is enhanced. When adequate employment I opportunities are available, a community normally experiences population growth and economic stability. Changes in the number of job opportunities produce changes in the resident population. 1 As employment opportunities increase, the population and general development activity within the area also increase. As the employed work force of an area increases, the total wages and salaries paid within the area also increases. The resulting I increase in disposable income places an increased demand on the provision of goods and services produced and sold within the 8 area, thus making it more prosperous. Reqional Influences 1 Upon investigation of the economic background of. the Tri- County Region, it is apparent that certain features of past development have played a significant role in the development of 1 the Region. They are: a. The strategic crossroads location, at a point where the Susquehanna River merges from restricting mountain I ridges into the junction of five valleys, which made the Harrisburg Metropolitan Area the hub of Central Pennsylvania's colonial trade activity. I b. The rapid development as a transportation center. I c. The natural resources of the Region. d. The selection of Harrisburg as the State Capital in 1812 and the more recent government military I establishments. e. The increase in trade and industrial development, which followed the growth of the City as the Capital and as a I transportation center.
Londonderry Township is located at the southern most end of 1 Dauphin County. Bordering York County and the Susquehanna River to the southwest and Lancaster County to the southeast, the Township can be generally characterized as a rural township that is located just south of the sprawling development corridor of the Harrisburg SMSA. Although development pressures are not as great in Londonderry Township as they are in neighboring Townships to the north (Derry and Lower Swatara), the economic 4-1 influence of Harrisburg and the urban area is far reaching and does contribute to the economy and development of Londonderry Township and its residents. Harrisburg is the central city of the three county SMSA comprised of Cumberland, Dauphin and Perry counties. ( The SMSA --Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area is a 1980 Census Classification. In 1990, the Harrisburg area will be designated as an MSA - Metropolitan Statistical &ea, and will include Lebanon County.) The City serves as the seat of State and County governments. The City's urban area functions as the "hub" of regional shopping, transportation, communications, personal and business services, manufacturing, distribution, retail, wholesale and entertainment. As Harrisburg and it's surrounding area continues to grow and develop, Londonderry Township should expect this growth to have an impact on the location and intensity of new commercial, industrial and residential development within the Township, as well as the employment and consumption patterns of the residents. A more detailed description of the development trends and population characteristics are found in the Population/Socio- Economic and Existing Land Use Chapters of this Comprehensive Plan (Chapters 3 and 6). Labor Force Characteristics In order to have a clearer understanding of Londonderry Township's economic environment, a .variety of labor force characteristics need to be identified. Items describing the labor force composition, unemployment, place of employment and types of employment are essential for understanding the Township employment and basic economic features; with Londonderry being just one component of both the County and Regional economic systems. Many of the tables and charts for Londonderry Township will also include the similar data for Dauphin County and the Harrisburg SMSA. This information will reveal how much the Township is like or unlike the County and Region in particular economic areas. This information can also be used to show where economic development in Londonderry Township may be directed. The first item represented in this section, is the Labor Force Composition. Located on Table 4-1, Londonderry Township's labor force for 1980 has been delineated by sex, employed and unemployed. (The labor force is all employed residents 16 years and over.) The Table represents the total numbers of township residents, as well as the percentages for each of the categories. Dauphin County and the Harrisburg SMSA figures are also included in the Table for comparison. A general overview of Table 4-1 reveals that in comparison to Dauphin County and Tri-County Region, Londonderry Township had a lower proportion of its employable residents in the labor market and therefore, a higher unemployment rate. See Table 4-1 for more details.
4-2 TABLE 4-1 I LABOR FORCE BY SEX BY PERSONS PERSONS 16 YEARS AND OLDER: 1980 Harrisburu SMSA
% % % Total Labor Male Total Female Total Total Total Force 123,717 56.6 94,894 43.4 218,611 100.0 Employed 117,631 53.8 90,820 41.6 208,451 95.4 Unemployed 6,086 2.8 4,074 1.8 10,160 4.6 Dauphin County Total Labor Male Total Female Total Total Total ID Force 63,239 55.5 50,700 44.5 113,939 100.0 Employed 59; 488 52.2 48;325 42.4 107,813 94.6 I Unemployed 3,501 3.1 2,345 2.0 5,846 5.1 Londonderrv Township I Total Labor Male Total Female Total Total Total Force 1,518 60.0 1,011 40.0 2,529 100.0 Employed 1;387 54.8 984 38.9 2,371 93.7 1 Unemployed 131 5.1 27 1.0 158 6.2 1 SOURCE: U.S. Census, 1980 I Employment bv Place of Work In an effort to identify the general location and movements of individuals to where they worked, the 1980 Census coded responses that identified the general area or place of work. I These general areas were identified and narrowed down from the State, SMSA, the County and finally, the municipal level. This section of the 1980 Census also identified some characteristics of travel to work. knployed individuals were asked how they went to work. (drive alone, carpool, public transportation, or walked). They were also asked questions dealing with the time involved in their work travel and the number of people they travelled with each day to work. For the purpose of this Chapter of the Comprehensive Plan, Table 4-2 has been arranged to represent the place of work responses for Londonderry Township residents in 1980. Beginning at the municipal level, over 92 percent of the employed Township residents traveled to work locations outside of Londonderry Township. As outlined in the Table, this comprised a total of 2205 residents. Being a rather rural township in character this statistic reveals that most residents must commute to their respective employment locations. Only 4.4 percent of the Township residents responded that they work within Londonderry I Township. 4-3 The County and State levels of the Table reveal that, of the total employed persons in Londonderry Township, 71 percent commute to work locations in Dauphin County. This statistic begins to indicate the true ties Londonderry Townships employment situation has with Dauphin County and the Harrisburg Area. By analyzing the third delineation, the SMSA, it is evident the Harrisburg Metropolitan area has a strong influence in relationship to where Londonderry Township residents work. Of the employed residents of the Township, almost 81 percent work in the SMSA in 1980. The Table reveals that 21 percent of these individuals worked in the City of Harrisburg, while the remaining 7 9 percent were employed in locations throughout Dauphin, Cumberland or Perry Counties. Residents that worked outside of the SMSA totaled 16.1 percent (383 residents).
TABLE 4-2 LONDONDERRY TOWNSHIP RESIDENTS BY PLACE OF EMPLOYMENT PERSONS 16 YEARS AND OLDER: 1980 Municipal Level Number Percent Residents Working in Township 106 4.5 Residents Working Outside Township 2,205 92.6 Residents Not Reported 70 2.9 TOTAL 2 ,381 100.0 Countv/State Level Residents Working in County 1,688 71.0 Residents Working Outside County 609 25.6 Residents Working Outside State 13 0.5 Residents Not Reported 70 2.. 9 TOTAL 2,381 100.0 SMSA Level Residents Working in SMSA 1,928 80.9 (Harrisburg City) (21.0) (Remainder SMSA) (78.9) Residents Working Outside SMSA 383 16.1 Residents Not Reported 70 2.9 TOTAL 2,381 100.0 SOURCE: U.S. Census, 1980
4-4 I I I
Agriculture, Forestry 114,093 136,117 19.3 3,849 3,888 1.0 1,442 1,334 -7.5 and Fisheries & Mining
Construct ion 226,347 240,162 6.1 10,997 9,293 15.5 5,950 4,656 -21.7
Manufacturing 1,469,552 1,420,837 -3.3 37,482 41,235 10.0 21,191 20,919 -1.3
Transportation, Comnuni- 271,615 347,197 27.8 13,649 18,316 34.2 7,345 9,470 28.9 cations and Public Uti 1 it ies
Wholesale and Retai 1 808,476 942,676 20.3 35,698 39,115 9.6 18,632 19,421 4.2 Trade
Finance, Insurance and 180,188 256,725 42.5 6,109 12,914 111.4 3,438 6,564 90.9 Real Estate
Business and Repair 116,835 186,589 59.7 4,289 6,627 52.2 2,217 3,418 54.2 Services
Personal Entertainment 174,595 161,446 -7.5 8,433 6,181 -26.7 4,309 3,806 -11.7 and Recreation Services
Professional and Related 709,385 1,011,813 42.6 27,552 37,402 39.4 16,497 19,777 19.9 Services
Pub1 ic Administration 205,205 227,939 11.1 23,545 18,448 -21.6 14,065 18,448 31.2
Industry Not Reported 300,342 N.A. N.A. 144 ------
SOURCE: U.S. Census - 1970, 1980
4-5 Employment By Industry In 1980, the U.S. Census delineated twelve general industrial categories. Table 4-4 represents these categories and the total employed persons of the Township 16 years or older that worked in 1970 and 1980. These statistics are important in understanding the labor force composition of Londonderry Township (Table 4-3 delineates similar data for Pennsylvania, The Harrisburg SMSA, and Dauphin County). The most notable decreasing trends in employment composition for Township residents from 1970 to 1980 were in two areas. The first of these industrial categories that decreased was the Wholesale/Retail Trade. In 1970, there were 335 residents employed in this industrial category, which totalled 23.9 percent of the Township's work force. After the decade, this industrial classification increased in actual population by only seven people. By 1980, such small growth in this category combined with. the increases in the general population and other industrial categories resulted in a total increase of 14.4 percent of the Londonderry Township work force. Similar to Wholesale/Retail employment, the Public Administration category also decreased in it's percentage of the total labor force in Londonderry Township. With a rather small increase in employment, this category decreased from 13.8percent in 1970 to 8.6percent in 1980. (See Table 4-4). The employment trends for a number of industrial it classifications were in the positive, the greatest being Manufacturing (25.6 percent), Professional Services (14.5 percent), Wholesale and Retail Trade (14.4 percent), and Transportation, Public Utilities and Communications (13.8 1' percent). Emplovment By Occupation I The breakdown of employment by occupation categories for the SMSA, County and Londonderry Township are presented on Table 4-5. I Similar to the SMSA and County, the primary occupation group in Londonderry Township was the Technical, Sales and Administrative category, with a total of 646 residents making up 27.2percent of the Township work force. In comparison with the other I occupational categories of the SMSA and County, Londonderry Township stayed relatively similar in all categories. The Township did have a higher percentage of Operators and Laborers, I (24 percent - Township, 18.4 percent - State, 19.7 percent- SMSA), while the County and SMSA had higher percentages of Managerial and Professional employment, when compared to the 1 Township. 8
4-6 t I TABLE 4-4 EMPLOYMENT BY INDUSTRY PERSONS 16 YEARS AND OLDER: 1970, 1980 Londonderry Township % 1970 1980 Change Industry No. % No. % i970-ig80 Agriculture, 63 4.5 136 5.7 Forestry, Fisheries and Mining Construction 96 6.8 172 7.3 Manufacturing 374 26.6 608 25.6 Transportation, 87 6.2 326 13.8 Communications and Public Utilities Wholesale Trade* 335 23.9 342 14.4 Retail Trade Finance, Insurance, 30 2.1 103 4.3 and Real Estate Business and Repair 24 1.7 99 4.2 Services Personal, Entertain- 30 2.1 37 1.6 ment, and Recreation Services Professional and 172 12.3 343 14.5 Related Services Public Administration* 193 13.8 205 8.6 TOTAL 1,404 100.0 2,371 100.0
* 1970 Data includes 'employed persons 14 years and over SOURCE: U.S. Census, 1980.
4-7 TABLE 4-5 EMPLOYMENT BY OCCUPATION PERSONS 16 YEARS AND OLDER: 1980 Londonderry Dauphin Township County SMSA Industrv No. % No. % No. % Executive, 355 15.0 24,627 22.9 46,425 22.3 Administrative, Managerial Technical/ 646 27.2 37,194 34.5 69,565 33.6 Sales and Admin. Service 307 13.0 12,965 12.0 23,719 11.5
Farming & Forestry 96 4.0 1,100 1.0 3,380 1.6 Fishing Precision Produc- 386 16.3 12,060 11.2 23,206 11.2 tion, Craft & Repair Operators, Fab- 581 24.5 19,867 18.4 40,881 19.7 ricators & Laborers - - TOTAL 2,371 100.0 107,813 100.0 207,176 100.0 Employment bv Class of Worker Another employment characteristic that is valuable in defining the detailed economic picture of Londonderry Township is Employment by Class of Worker. In 1980, six classes of employment where defined. There categories are:
(1) Private Waqe and Salarv - This was the most predominant class of worker in Londonderry Township, which included all employees of private business and services. Self employed individuals are not included in this grouping. (2) Federal Government - Residents employed by any of the Federal Bureaus, Agencies or Services are included in this category. (3) State Government - Township residents employed by any of the many Pennsylvania state government agencies or departments are included in this category. (4) Local Government - Any resident of the Township that was employed by Londonderry Township or any other municipality or any County would be classified in this category.
4-8 (5) Self-Employed - Any person whose primary source of income is through khe. -operation of their own business or service.
(6) Unpaid Family Worker- Any person 16 years or older that did not hold a job at Census time in 1980. The following Table (4-6) represents the employment totals for Londonderry Township in each of the above mentioned categories. Table (4-6) also delineates this information for Dauphin County and the Harrisburg SMSA. As with the SMSA and County levels, the Township's work force relies substantially on government related employment. TABLE 4-6 EMPLOYMENT BY CLASS OF WORKER PERSONS 16 YEARS AND OLDER: 1980 Londonderry Dauphin SMSA Township County Class of Worker No. % No. %i No. % Private Wage & Salary 1,780 75.1 72,729 67.5 142,921. 69.0 Federal Government 109 4.6 7,132 6.6 15,411 7.4 State Government 189 8.0 14,901 13.8 22,996 11.1 Local Government 100 4.2 7,451 6.9 13,905 6.7 Self-Employed 187 7.9 5,271 4.9 11,108 5.4 Unpaid Family Worker 6-.2 329 .3 835 .4 TOTAL 2,371 100.0 107,813 100.0 207,176 100.0 SOURCE: U.S. Census, 1980
Income bv Tvp e In 1980, the U.S. Census defined sources of income by type. Table 4-7 represents the mean household income levels for each category for Londonderry Township, Dauphin County and the Harrisburg SMSA. It should be noted that these figures are the "mean" or "average" per household for the entire Township. Many residents generate income from two or three of these sources. Combining these figures with some of the other socio- economic characteristics found in Chapter 3, as well as the information described in this chapter, a detailed picture of Londonderry Township's employment and economic characteristics can be realized.
4-9 TABLE 4-7 MEAN HOUSEHOLD INCOME BY INCOME TYPE: 1980
Income Type SMSA County Township Earnings $19,998 $20,447 $21,344 Wage or Salary 19,372 20,577 Non-Farm Self Employment 11 ,677 13,987 13 ,389 Farm Self Employment 4,961 3,264 2,346 Interest, Dividend or Net Rental Income 2,049 2,136 1,463 Social Security 4,198 4,198 3 ,659 Public Assistance 2,485 2,601 1,494 All Other Income 4 ,285 4,233 3 ,755 SOURCE: U.S. Census, 1980
Unemployment A problem that almost every community faces and must solve to remain economically healthy is unemployment. The Harrisburg SMSA has historically remained below the State unemployment rate. This seems to indicate that the Harrisburg SMSA is economically more stable and secure than the rest of the State. However, economic factors that influence the nation and State filter down to the county and municipal level. As a result, the unemployment trend has followed an overall pattern similar to the State, but not to a very great extent. The economic recession of the middle-late 1970s shows up very clearly in the unemployment rate time-line. A dramatic rise in unemployment at both the State and SMSA level in 1975 reflects this. However, a recovery can be observed, as reflected in the decreasing unemployment rate over the past few years. Table 4-8 compares unemployment as reported through the 1980 Census with the most recent data available from the Pennsylvania Department of Labor and Industry. Current data is not available for municipalities under 25,000 population. TABLE 4-8 UNEMPLOYMENT RATE (Unadjusted) 1980 1988 (Oct.) Pennsylvania 7.4% 5.1% Harrisburg SMSA 4.6% Harrisburg (MSA) - 4.2% (Sept.) Dauphin County 5.1% 4.7% Londonderry Township 6.2% N/A
SOURCE: PA Department of Labor & Industry, Office of Employment Security U.S. Census, 1980
4-10 CHAPTER 5
EXISTING LAND USE The following description of existing land use in Londonderry Township is fundamental to understanding the character of the Township and its development related issues. Economic factors, development trends, cultural attitudes, and physical features result in a land use pattern that expresses what a community is, and has been. Future development will, for the most part, take place within the framework established by II these elements and will be guided by them. Information gathered through the existing land use inventory serves as part of the Townships multi-faceted inventory of resources and, together with I other factors, provides the basis for recommendations regarding future land use. I MethodoloqV A combination of windshield inspections, correlation of available maps and aerial photos, tax maps, development records, It tax assessment files, and personal interviews was employed to determine the types, locations and amounts of existing land uses throughout the approximately 22 square miles of Township area. 1 The existing land use inventory is graphically depicted on the Existing Land Use Map. Table 5-1 illustrates the statistical results of the inventory in terms of land use classifications, total land parcels in each use, and the percentage each use I comprises of the total land area of the Township. For the purpose of analysis, major classifications of land I uses were established for statistical and graphical illus- trations, as follows: Residential Agriculture Commercial Public/Semi-Public Industrial Vacant land Mixed Uses Land Use Characteristics As depicted on the Exiting Land Use Map, Londonderry Township is a rural municipality whose development is character- istically low density residential with a variety of low intensity nonresidential uses dispersed throughout the Township. The five mobile home parks located in the Township constitute the most intensive type of residential land use in terms of net residential density, while the Three Mile Island Nuclear Station with its system of transmission line corridors and substations constitutes the nonresidential land use of greatest intensity. The Roundtop State Game Lands and Sunset Golf Course/Park Complex are the two single largest areas of public recreation and open space. A unique feature of the Township's development character- istics is the concentration of seasonal cottages on several islands in the Susquehanna River. The greatest majority of land 5-1 area is comprised of undeveloped land and land in agricultural use. Because of its limited economic base, employment opportunities in the Township are minimal and it therefore functions as a "bedroom community" with is residents relying on employment outside of the Township. The primary factors which appear to be restraining the amount and intensity of development in the Township are the lack of public sewer and water services combined with poor soils which are unsuitable for on-lot septic systems and bedrock geology having limited well yields. Residential Land Use The predominant types of residential land use in the Township are single family detached dwellings and mobile homes located in mobile home parks. In combination, units of these residential designs comprise about 95 percent of all parcels developed for residential use, or about 53 percent and 42 percent, respectively. Seasonal cottages constitute about 4 percent and multi-family structures about 1 percent of the remaining residential parcels. While residential development has been predominant in the Township, when compared to the nine Second Class Townships of Dauphin County located south of Peters Mountain, Londonderry ranks 8th in new residential starts over the past ten years. Commercial Land Use Commercial land uses in the Township are generally small, of low intensity, and dispersed throughout the Township. Small clusters of commercial activity are slowly becoming established near several intersections , and a commercial corridor along segments of Route 230 is evolving. Commercial land use constitutes about 4 percent of the total land parcels in the Township. Industrial Land Use Industrial land uses in the Township are located on several parcels and constitute less that one percent of all land parcels in the Township. These uses include preparation of lumber products,low intensity assembly and fabricating activities, and warehousing. Mixed Uses Although difficult to accurately identify and tabulate, there appears to be a number of mixed commercial/residential activities having been established throughout the Township. These uses are characteristically retail and service related activities being conducted within a residence or an accessary structure on the same parcel as a residence, normally classified as home occupations. It is estimated that they comprise approximately one percent of the total land parcels in the Township.
5-2 Aqriculture Land Use While agricultural uses constitute about 4 percent of all land parcels in the Township, this activity is estimated to comprise about 50 percent of the total Township land area. The majority of this activity takes place in the southenrn portion of the Township, in the area located below Pennsylvania Route 283. b Dauphin County Tax Assessment Records indicate that there are about 90 active farmsteads functioning throughout the Township. I Public/Semi-Public Land Use Examples of Public/Semi-Public land uses include public utilities, municipal administration and maintenance, state game I lands, schools, public parks, firehouses, churches, cemeteries, Sunset Golf Course, institutional activities, and the Middletown Reservoir site. Although the number of land parcels in this 1 classification comprise only about one percent of the Township total, it is estimated that they comprise about 6 percent of the total Township land area - the three single largest tracts being Three Mile Island Nuclear Station, Sunset Park/Golf Course, and 8 Roundtop State Game Lands. I Vacant Land It is estimated that vacant or undeveloped land parcels comprise approximately 23 percent of all land parcels and about I' 30 percent of the total land area of the Township. Taken at face value, it appears that the Township has sufficient land area to accommodate a considerable amount of future development. However, when such factors as lack of public sewer and water I service, soils suitability for on-lot septic systems, bedrock geology capacity to produce adequate well yields, and other environmentally sensitive natural characteristics are taken into f full account, it can be anticipated that the amount of land totally suitable for development will be reduced. t TABLE 5-1 1988 EXISTING LAND USE: BY PARCEL LONDONDERRY TOWNSHIP
I Number of Percent of Total Estimated Percent Land Use Land Parcels Land Parcels of Land Area
I Residential 2,101 71% 12% Single-Family 1,116 Multi-Family 17 I Mobile Homes 875 Seasonal Cottages 93 Comerc ia 1 25 1% 2% Industrial 7 TOTAL LAND PARCELS 2,947 100% 100% # TOTAL TOWNSHIP AREA: Approximately 22.1 square miles. 1 5-3 1. CHAPTER 6 HOUSING 1 Attractive houses and well-maintained residential neighborhoods are one of the most important assets of any community. Good housing not only assures a sound residential tax base that will continue to appreciate in value, but also assures that residents are living in an environment that is conducive to healthful and satisfactory day-to-day life. 1E The future quality and condition of housing is extremely important to the growth and prosperity of the Township. Where substandard or deteriorated conditions exist, positive public and I private action is required to prevent the spread of these conditions and to restore these areas to sound condition. By analyzing existing housing characteristics and evaluating housing conditions, those areas of the Township which require such I attention can be identified and recommendations for appropriate actions can be made. E Housinq Inventorv Census data for 1970 and 1980 indicate a significant increase in the Township housing supply within this period. D Table 6-1 reveals these changes in housing supply for Londonderry Township and surrounding Townships and Region. As indicated on the Table, the Township housing supply increased by 104 percent. I This percentage increase is significantly greater than the SMSA, Dauphin County , Derry Township and Lower Swatara Township, respectively. TABLE 6-1 1 YEAR-ROUND DWELLING UNITS 1970 - 1980 1970 1980 % Chanqe I Harrisburg SMSA 137 ,940 174,319 26.4 Dauphin County 78,971 95,728 21.2 Londonderry Township 1,026 2,092 104.0 II Lower Swatara Township 1,410 2,361 67.0 Derry Township 5 ,326 6,714 30.7 Conewago Township 318 817 156.0 m SOURCE: U.S. Census of Population and Housing 1970. 1980.. The tenure and occupancy characteristics for occupied I dwelling units in the Township for 1970 and 1980 are found on Table 6-2. This Table represents a general housing inventory of the Township and presents changes for owner occupied units, It renter occupied units and vacant dwelling units over the decade. As shown in Table 6-1, the total number of occupied dwelling units increased by 104 percent. Under the occupied housing unit 8 characteristics of table 6-2, renter occupied units increased by I 6-1 10 percent. Only 19 renter occupied units were added to the housing stock in this period. With 701 new owner occupied units added to the housing stock, this category increased 87 percent. The vacant units in the Township also increased from 32 units vacant in 1970 to 116 in 1980. This percentage increase calculates to be 362.5 percent, or an increase of 4 percent in the Gross Vacancy Ratio. Londonderry Township also has a large stock of seasonal housing that is not shown in Table 6-2. This grouping accounted for a total of 219 units, or approximately 10 percent of the entire housing stock of the Township. CHAPTER 6-2 HOUSING INVENTORY: 1970-1980 Londonderry Township Change 1970 1980 Number Percent . All Housing Units 1,026 2,092 1,066 104.0 Occupied Housing Units 994 1,714 720 70.0 Owner Occupied 803 1,504 701 87.0 Renter Occupied 191 210 19 1~0.0 Vacant 32 148 116 362.5 Gross Vacancy Ratio 3.1% 7.1% SOURCE: U.S. Census of Population and Housing 1970. 1980. The 1980 occupancy and tenure characteristics for dwelling units are compared with neighboring municipalities and the County and Region on Table 6-3. This Table reveals that Londonderry Township experienced a higher vacancy rate for year round dwelling units than its neighboring municipalities. This characteristic indicates a lack of stability and, or an inefficient utilization of the housing stock. Of the Township's 2092 total year round dwelling units, only 1714 units, or 82 percent of these were occupied. Excluding the seasonal units, the Township has a percent vacant figure comparatively larger than its surrounding municipalities. With 7 percent of its housing stock vacant, the Township falls just under the Dauphin County vacant percentage of 7.6 percent. Table 6-3 also illustrates occupied dwelling units for the adjacent Townships, the County and the Region in terms of percentage of renter occupied and owner occupied units. This table reveals that the Township has a much larger percentage of owner occupied dwelling units and a smaller percent of renter occupied units compared to the surrounding municipalities, the County and the Region. 6-2 TABLE 6-3 YEAR ROUND DWELLING UNITS BY OCCUPANCY STATUS AND TENURE:" 1980 i (percentage) Owner Renter % Occupied % Vacant Occupied Occupied Harrisburg SMSA 93.8 6.2 68.0 32.0 Dauphin County 92.4 7.6 63.2 36.2 I' Londonderry Township 82.0 7.1 87.7 12.2 Lower Swatara Township 97.0 2.9 77.0 23.0 Derry Township 96.9 3.1 54.7 45.2 Conewago Township 98.0 2.0 79.0 21.0 SOURCE: U.S. Census of Population and Housing 1980. I Housinq Characteristics: Residential Unit Desiqn The predominant residential unit design in the Township is the single family detached dwelling unit, comprising almost 69 percent of the total housing stock. Table 6-4 also illustrates the percentages for single family attached dwellings, structures containing two, three, four and five or more dwelling units, and mobile homes. The second most prevalent housing type .\is the I mobile home, comprising about 22 percent. This category and the single family detached dwelling unit combine to equal 91 percent B of the Townships total housing stock. TABLE 6-4 I HOUSING INVENTORY: RESIDENTIAL DESIGN 1980 Londonderry Township Type of Dwellinq Number Percent 1 Single Family Detached Dwellings 1,444 69.0 Single Family Attached Dwellings 9 .4 Structures with 2 units 95 4.5 E Structure with 3 and 4 units 65 3.1 Structures with 5 or more 9 .4 Mobile Homes or Trailers 470 22.0 SOURCES: U.S. Census of Population and Housing 1980 Residential construction activity during the period 1984 to 1987, as reflected from residential building permits iss,ued by the Township, is illustrated in Table 6-5. This table reveals the continuing trend of constructing single family dwelling units and mobile homes within the Township. 6-3 TABLE 6-5 RESIDENTIAL CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITIES: 1984-1987 Londonderry Township TvPe of Dwellins 1984 1985 1986 1987 Single Family 7 10 19 20 Semi Detached 0 0 0 0 Apartment 0 0 0 0 Townhouses 0 0 0 0 Mobile Homes 4 1 5 6 Apartment Conversions 0 0 0 0 Total New Units 11 11 24 26 Dwelling Demolition 0 0 1 1 Net Total Residential Units 11 11 23 25 SOURCE: Dauphin County Planning Commission Annual Reports 1984,1985,1986,1987. Housinq Characteristics: Population Distribution bv Household The distribution of persons among all occupied housing units is an important index of general household sizes and the types of housing that might be needed in the Township. As illustrated in Table 6-6 , Londonderry Township is comparatively larger in persons per household with 3.00 than its neighboring municipalities and Dauphin County. Conewago Township, being similar in rural character to Londonderry Township, had a slightly larger persons per household figure of 3.08. TABLE 6-6 HOUSEHOLD SIZE 1980 (Persons per Household) Londonderry Township Persons/Household Harrisburg SMSA 2.72 Dauphin County 2.58 Londonderry Township 3.00 Lower Swatara Township 2.82 Derry Township 2.53 Conewago Township 3.08 SOURCE: U.S. Census of Population and Housing 1980. Housinq Characteristics: Size of Dwellins Units The predominant size of dwelling units in the Township is a house with six or more rooms. About 43.2% of all houses in Londonderry Township contain six or more rooms, followed by five 6-4 . rooms (25.8 percent) four rooms (23.2 percent), and three or I fewer rooms (7.8 percent). The median number of rooms per the typical house in the Township is 5.2 rooms. This data is I illustrated in Table 6-7. TABLE 6-7 ROOMS PER HOUSING UNIT: 1980 I Londonderry Township # Rooms # Dwellins Units Percent 1 25 1.2 2 17 .8 3 121 5.8 4 484 23.2 5 536 25.8 6 or More 898 43.2 I TOTAL 2,081 100.0 I Median Number of Rooms Per Dwelling Unit: 5.2 SOURCE: U.S. Census of Population and Housing - Characteristics c of Housing Units. Housins Characteristics: Aqe of Dwellinq Structures I The age of a structure can be useful in the evaluation of structural conditions. Although the age of a structure does not necessarily imply its condition, it does point to areas where 1 repairs, heating costs, and inadequate plumbing and electrical systems could be a problem. The age of dwelling units in Londonderry Township is shown on Table 6-8. 'I Upon examination of this Table, it is clear that the bulk of the Township's residential development took place since 1950; approximately 73 percent over the past 38 years. The decades fi experiencing the greatest amount of residential development was the period 1950 to 1970. Continued reliance on the automobile and improved transportation networks has made the country setting of areas like Londonderry Township more accessible and attractive to families interested in the quietness and openness of rural living. Advances in on-lot sewerage system technology and design have also made the rural home more available to new home builders in rural areas. I 6-5 TABLE 6-8 AGE OF DWELLING UNITS 1980 Londonderry Township Year Structure Built Number Percent 1979 to 1987 (1) 130 6.1 1975 to 1978 (2) 188 8.8 1970 to 1974 (2) 377 17.7 1960 to 1969 (2) 422 19.8 1950 to 1959 (2) 438 20.5 1940 to 1949 (2) 217 10.2 1939 to Earlier (2) 360 16.9 TOTAL 2,132 100.0 SOURCE: (1) Township Building Permit (2) U.S. Census of Population and Housing 1980. Housinq Characteristics: Housinq Conditions Several reliable indicators of substandard housing trends are statistics reflecting units that lack complete kitchen, bathroom and plumbing facilities. These data items are illustrated on Tables 6-9 and 6-10. The percentage of year-round housing units with complete kitchen facilities is 95.7 percent. The percentage of total occupied dwellings lacking complete plumbing dropped from 2.9 percent in 1970 to 0.9 percent in 1980. The Census statistics indicate that 99.1 percent of all occupied unit in the Township have complete plumbing facilities. Similar to the plumbing statistics, units with at least one complete bathroom reached 95.5% in 1980. Kitchen Facilities - A unit has complete kitchen facilities when it has all of the following: (1) an installed sink with piped water, (2) a range or cookstove, and (3) a mechanical refrigerator. Plumbing Facilities - The category "Complete plumbing for exclusive use" consists of units which have hot and cold piped water, a flush toilet, and a bathtub or shower inside the housing unit for the exclusive use of the occupants of the unit. "Lacking complete plumbing for exclusive use" includes those conditions when (1) all three specified plumbing facilities are present inside the unit, but are also used by another household; (2) some but not all the facilities are present; or (3) none of the three specified plumbing facilities is present. Bathrooms - A complete bathroom is a room with a flush toilet, bathtub or shower, and a wash basin with piped hot and cold water for the exclusive use of the occupants of the housing unit. A half-bathroom has at least a flush toilet or a bathtub or shower for exclusive use, but does not have all the facilities for a complete bathroom. 6-6 TABLE 6-9 OCCUPIED HOUSING UNITS BY PLUMBING FACILITIES OWNER/RENTER 1970 - 1980 1970 Percent 1980 Percent Total Occupied Units 994 100.0 1 ,714 100.0 Having Complete Plumbing Facilities 965 97.1 1,698 99.1 Owner Occupied 783 1,496 Renter Occupied 182 202 Lacking Complete Plumbing Facilities 29 2.9 16 .9 Owner Occupied 20 Renter Occupied 9 8 SOURCES: U.S. Census of Population and Housing - Characteristics of Housing Units. TABLE 6-10 OCCUPIED HOUSING UNITS BY BATHROOM FACILITIES: 1980 Londonderry Township Owner Renter Total Units Occupied Occupied Total Occupied Units 2,092 1,504 210 No Bathroom Or Half Bath 94 19 15 One Complete Bathroom 1,440 968 174 One Bathroom and Half Bath 274 246 8 Two Or More Complete Bathrooms 284 271 13 SOURCE: U. S. Census Population of Housing 1980. Another indicator of deficient housing and possible over- crowding conditions is the number of dwellings having more than 1 person per room. In 1980, the Township had 56 occupied housing units with more than one person per room. This was 3.3 percent of the total occupied housing units in the Township. Of this total, 13 units, or 23.2 percent were renter occupied housing units. In order to more closely evaluate the Townships housing conditions, several areas of the Township were identifled as having older residential structures. A windshield survey was conducted to determine the number and general location of dwelling units which appeared to be deteriorating or possibly more structurally deficient. Federally established criteria were used to classify structures as being sound, deteriorating or dilapidated. The following list describes the criteria used in the study. 6-7 SOUND - Those structures having no serious defects, or only slight defects which normally are corrected through regular maintenance such as lack of paint, slight damage to porch or steps, cracked windows, slight wearing or mortar Detween masonry units, and loose gutters or downspouts. DETERIORATING - Those structures having one or more defects of an intermediate nature needing more repair than would be provided in the course of regular maintenance. Examples are open cracks, rotted, loose or missing materials over a small area of foundation walls, roof and floors; shaky or unsafe porch steps, roof, or railing; rotted window frames; missing bricks or cracks in the chimney, or makeshift chimneys, which are not serious enough to cause a fire hazard. such defects are signs of neglect which lead to serious - deterioration if not corrected. DILAPIDATED - Structures having one or more serious deficiencies which are so widespread and critical that the structure does not provide safe and adequate shelter, thus endangering the health and safety of the occupants. The windshield survey covered an area encompassing 571 dwelling units. Of this unit total, 511 (89.5 percent) were classified as sound, followed by 58 (10.2 percent) deteriorating and 2 units (.3 percent) as dilapidated. Table 6-11 illustrates the survey results by each condition classification and for each Tax map area surveyed. 6-8 EXHIBIT 6-A LON DON DERRY TOWN SH P HOUSING CONDITION SURVEY AREAS HATCHED AREAS = SURVEY AREA SOURCE: TCRPC. ATLAS GRAPHICS 6-9 TABLE 6-11 LONDONDERRY TOWNSHIP SELECTED AREA HOUSING CONDITION WINDSHIELD SURVEY TAX MAP # -S -De -DI 34-1 14 '2 0 34-3 35 2 0 34-4 11 2 0 34-5 27 0 0 34-6 19 0 0 34-7 * 26 4 0 34-8 6 5 0 34-10 53 4 0 34-11 49 11 0 34-12 30 0 0 34-14 47 1 0 34-16 11 0 1 34-19 34 10 0 34-20 6 2 0 34-22 6 1 0 34-23 12 2 0 34-24 12 0 0 34-25 51 7 1 34-31 22 0 0 34-33 14 0 0 34-34 26 1 0 TOTAL 511 58 2 PERCENTAGES 89.5 10.2 .3 SOURCE: Tri-County Regional Planning Commission. S: Sound DE: Deteriorating DI : Dilapidated Housinq Characteristics: Utilities A variety of house heating fuels are used in th& Township. About 52 percent of the occupied dwellings use fuel oil, 24 percent use electricity, 15 percent use utility or bottled gas, 6 percent use wood, and about 3 percent use coal. For cooking, about 73 percent of the dwellings use electricity, followed by 15 percent using bottled gas, and about 12 percent using utility gas. Approximately 63 percent of the occupied dwellings use electricity to heat their hot water, followed by 24 percent using fuel oil, and 10 percent using utility or bottled gas, and about 3 percent indicating they use some other source of fuel. 6-10 I Of the total dwelling stock, about 31 percent use individual 8 room units for air conditioning and 6 percent have central air conditioning. As a result, approximately 64 percent of the dwellings had no air conditioning in 1980. It is expected that I the percentage of dwellings having air conditioning of one design or the other has increased to date. I Housinq Characteristics: Value of Housinq Previous discussion in this Chapter has identified such n housing characteristics as type, age, condition, vacancy or availability, infrastructure, and size. Of major importance, however, is the value and cost of housing in the Township. Because of the rapid rate of escalating housing costs, constant I shifts in housing supply and demand, and the innate difficulties of estimating the actual "worth" of a dwelling unit, the value of housing is one of the most difficult areas in which to establish I a true current value figure. The 1980 Census tabulated the value of owner occupied 1 housing units and contract rents for renter occupied units. The results are illustrated on Table 6-12 and 6-13. The majority of dwelling units in the Township (59.9 E percent) were within the $40,000 to $79,900 range in 1980. The median dwelling unit value was $47,400. The contract rents for the Township covered a wide range in 1980. The general range I for rents was between $160 to $299. Approximately 52 percent of the renter occupied units fell within this range. Comparatively, the median housing value in the Township was E somewhat higher than the SMSA, Dauphin County and Lower Swatara Township, respectively. However, the Township fell substantially lower in this characteristic when compared .to Derry Township and E Conewago Township. The contract rent comparisons reveal that Londonderry Township had substantially lower rents than all the adjacent municipalities, with $172.00 as the median. These R comparisons are illustrated on Table 6-14. 1 3 I 8 1 6-11 m TABLE 6-12 VALUE OF OWNER OCCUPIED DWELLINGS: 1980 (1) Londonderry Township Dwelling Units Value Range Number Percent Less than $10,000 7 .7 10,000 to 14,999 17 1.8 15,000 to 19,999 22 2.3 20,000 to 24,999 39 4.1 25,000 to 29,999 63 6.6 30,000 to 34,999 84 8.9 35,000 to 39,999 84 8.9 40,000 to 49,999 213 22.5 50,000 to 79,999 354 37.4 80,000 to 99,999 32 3.4 100,000 to 149,999 28 2.6 150,000 to 199,999 4 .4 200,000 to More 0 0 TOTAL 947 Median Value: $47,400 SOURCE: U.S. Census of Housing and Population 1980. (1) Non Condominium Units TABLE 6-13 CONTRACT RENT: 1980 Londonderry Township Dwelling Units Number Percent Less than $50 4 2.4 50 to 99 20 12.0 100 to 119 14 8.4 120 to 139 10 .6 140 to 149 3 1.8 150 to 159 18 11.0 160 to 169 12 7.2 170 to 199 29 17.5 200 to 249 32 19.3 250 to 299 13 7.8 300 to 399 10 .6 400 to 499 0 0 500 or More 1 .6 TOTAL 166 Median Contract Rent: 172 No Cash Rent: 19 SOURCE: U.S. CENSUS of Population and Housing 1980. 6-12 TABLE 6-14 MEDIAN HOUSING VALUES AND CONTRACT RENTS 1980 Owner-Occupied Renter-Occupied Housins Values Contract Rent (MonthL Harrisburq SMSA 41,830 182 Dauphin CGunty 40,300 189 , Londonderry Township 47 ,400 172 Derry Township 61,900 245 Lower Swatara Township 46 ,400 218 Conewago Township 58 ,600 187 SOURCE: U.S. Census of Population and Housing 1980. P The estimated average cost of construction per single family-detached dwelling units in selected municipalities for the years 1984 and 1987 are illustrated on Table 6-15. This 1: table also reveals the percent increases and/or decreases for the average cost of construction over this period. Com- paratively, Londonderry Township’s average cost of constructing single family dwelling units has remained consistently lower than those in Derry Township, Lower Swatara Township, Conewago Township and Dauphin County. II Table 6-16 illustrates the cost trends for several dwelling unit types, of which only single family attached and mobile homes have been constructed in the Township during the period covered. TABLE 6-15 AVERAGE COST OF CONSTRUCTION PER SINGLE FAMILY-DETACHED DWELLING 1984 1987 Londonderry Township 1984 1987 % Increase Dauphin County 49 ,643 63,623 28 Londonderry Township 52 ,714 62,959 19 Derry Township 75 ,677 88,539 17 Lower Swatara Township 53,669 82 ,822 54 Conewago Township 66,752 64 ,800 -3 SOURCE: DCPC Annual Report 1984, 1987. 6-13 TABLE 6-16 AVERAGE COSTS OF CONSTRUCTION/NEW DWELLING UNITS 1984-1987 Londonderry Township 1984 1985 1986 1987 Single Family 52,714 39 ,650 61 ,209 62,959 Semi Detached Apartments Town Houses Mobile Homes ' Apt. Conversions SOURCE: DCPC ANNUAL REPORT 1984, 1985, 1986, 1987. Housinq Characteristics: Conclusions Several sets of conclusions can be made relating to the 8 housing characteristics in Londonderry Township. They are as follows: 1 The Township's housing stock is increasing. However, the rate of this growth is much slower than the during the 1970's. From the seven year period from 1981 to I 1987 the Township has seen an increase of only 115 new dwelling units. This trend is much lower than the 1066 units added during the period of 1970 to 1980. t Single family-detached dwelling units were the predominant type of unit counted in 1980 and remain the predominant type of unit currently being constructed in the Township. The Township had 87.7% owner occupied units in 1980, which was higher than its surrounding municipalities, the County and the SMSA. Renter occupied units accounted for 12.2 percent of the occupied dwelling units of the township. The majority of housing units constructed in the Township were built from 1950 until today. This period has contributed about 73 percent of the total stock. Approximately 33% of the housing stock was constructed from 1970 to the present. In general, dwelling unit conditions for the Township's housing stock in terms of plumbing, kitchen and bathroom facilities is generally sound. Of the total occupied dwellings in the Township, 99.1% have complete plumbing facilities, 95.5% have a minimum of one complete bathroom, and 95.7% have complete kitchen facilities. The windshield survey conducted in selected older residential areas of the Township resulted in 89.5% of the dwelling unit structures being found in sound 6-14 condition. The deteriorating unit category was found to have 10.2% of the units, while the dilapidated contained 0.3% of the total 571 units examined. 6) The value of housing in the Township ranked well with the surrounding municipalities and was substantially higher than the county and SMSA. The Township had a median housing value of $47,400 in 1980. 7) Unlike the median housing value statistics, the contract rents of renter occupied units in the Township was much lower than the adjacent municipalities,,at $172/month. 8) The average cost of new dwelling units is comparatively lower then the neighboring Townships and the County for 1987, at $62,959. Table 6-16 illustrates that single family detached dwelling units and mobile home units continue to be the predominant residential structures constructed in the Township. 6-15 CHAPTER 7 I TRANSPORTATION I Overview/Resional Context The Harrisburg Area Transportation Study's (HATS) Functional Classification/Federal-aid System Maps indicate that most of I Londonderry Township lies just east of the Harrisburg Urbanized Area. The Urbanized Area includes Middletown and lands within Londonderry Township that lie between PA Routes 283 and 230. As development and growth continue, it is likely that more of the Township will eventually become part of the Harrisburg Urbanized Area. As a rural or fringe Township, Londonderry contains two arterial roadways, the Turnpike and PA Route 283, and two minor arterials, U.S. Routes 230 and 441. Agriculture and residential land uses are predominant and the major travel demands are work trips to areas outside of the Township in the morning and return trips in the afternoon-evening. The Turnpike mainly serves inter-regional travel and has an interchange in Lower Swatara c Township to the west. PA Route 283 is a major radial arterial in the Harrisburg Area, which serves commuters and goods movement within the Harrisburg Area, as well as trips between the I Harrisburg and Lancaster Areas. There are two interchanges with PA Route 283 in the Township, one at Vine Street and the other I with SR 2023 (Toll House Road). The Harrisburg Area, including Londonderry Township, is well served by a good Interstate and limited-access highway system, as well as by bus, rail and air transportation. Capitol Area Transit (CAT) serves, with its fixed-route bus system, Middletown Borough which is just west and adjacent to the Township. An Amtrack station also exists in Middletown, and the Harrisburg International Airport (HIA) is in Lower Swatara Township to the west. Table 7-1 provides some travel information from the 1980 Census. The place of work information indicates that Londonderry Township is a "bedroom community" in that only four percent of its residents in 1980 worked within the Township. Ninety percent II of the Township's workers use a car, truck or van for commuting, which is understandable given the rural nature of the Township E and the lack of public transit service within it. t 7-1 TABLE 7-1 TRAVEL INFORMATION For Workers 16 Years and Over Londonderry Township Residents Place of Work: Worked Within Londonderry Township 106 (04%) Worked Outside of Londonderry Township Harrisburg City 406 (17%) Remainder 1,799 (76%) Not Reported 70 (03%) Means of Transportation for Work: Car, Truck or Van Drive Alone 1,576 (68%) Carpool 512 (22%) Public Transportation 24 (01%) Walked Only 76 (03%) Other Means 33 (01%) Worked at Home 82 (04%) Mean Travel Time (min.) 20.6 Source: U.S. Bureau of Census Transportation Inventory There are 36 miles of state highways and 45 miles of local roadways in the Township according to 1986 PennDOT records. The Annual Average Daily Traffic Volumes (AADT) for 1985 are low on most of the state highways in the Township except for the following moderate and high volume roadways: -PA 441 (3,250) -PA 230 (4,900-6400) -PA 283 (14,300-16,900) -SR 2003 (Vine Street - South of PA 283)(4,250) Table 7-2 lists the state highways in the Township and contains cartway (pavement) width information. Cartway widths of less than 20 feet can probably be considered substandard, hence, four of the state highways contain substandard cartway widths. The network designations of the state highways are also shown in Table 7-2. The networks include the Priority Commercial 7-2 Network (PCN), the Agricultural-Access Network (AAN) and the Industrial-Commercial Network (I-CAN). In addition to the state roadways that are on these networks, Geyers Church Road (T696) is a local road on the AAN/I-CAN network, The PCN, AAN and I-CAN Networks are all priority networks in PennDOT's and Harrisburg Area Transportation Study (HATS) transportation planning program. TABLE 7-2 STATE HIGHWAY INFORMATION Traffic Route SR* Total Deficient Network Number/Road Name Number Cartway Width Width Turnpike No PCN PA 230 0230 24-35ft. NO AAN/ I-CAN PA 341 0341 16-25ft. Yes AAN PA 441 0441 24 No AAN/I-CAN Hillsdale Rd. 2001 14-20 Yes Schoolhouse Rd. 2002 14-20 Yes Vine St. 2003 24 No I-CAN Round Top Rd. 2005 14-22 Yes Deodate Rd. 2007 20-22 No Connector (PA 341- PA 230) 2023 AAN PA 283 2283 No PCN Swatara Creek Rd. 8012 Source: PennDOT Roadway Management System; HATS Network Map * SR - State Route The Transportation Plan Map shows the HATS functional classification scheme for roads in the Township. Table 7-3 provides generic information regarding the functional classification of roads. In the Transportation Plan Section of the Comprehensive Plan, an attempt will be made to develop a classification system that will be consistent with HATS' classifications and with local planning needs. In addition to those roadways classified as collector or higher by HATS, other 7-3 I SUb- I -Limited Accesslbterstate 4hjor Classifi- I -Other princ. Arterials -Minor cations I -MinorArterials kbbility vsI kbbility of umst importance kbbility and land access of Land access of umst Access I equal importance importance 1 I Trip I Typically used for langer trips Short to dumdistance Typicallr used for short trips Distance I (inter and intra-state, inter- intra-regid trips & for and for accessing higher order I region & longer intra-region & accessing arterial and local systems I intra-County trips) systems 11 Traffic I Highest ~01mroadways; kderate VO~PIES in general Law volm roadways Volms I mderate to high vol~son I mstarterials I I Design I Limited, partial and unlimited No access cmtrols; riderate No access controls; Minirmm Features I access controls; widest m's, to mhhm m, cartway and W, cartway and shoulder %. I cartways and shoulders; often shoulder widths; often 2 widths; often 2 lane I 3 4 I or lane facilities lane facilities facilities , 1 speeds I Typically 35-55 mpl Typically 35-45 InFh WdY25 m#l Through/ I Minirnalinterference tothru Balancedthmughdlocal Through travel discGuL-aged: Local I travel; local travel discauraged travel local travel encouraged Travel I esp. on limited access roads Relatiun I tbst important cannectiam with kmects with Arterials d EYimrily connects with other to Other I other arterials and collectors heals: locals and collectors Systerns I usually via grade separated -Col.l. /Art. intersectim -Most intersectiam of locals I interchanges or signalized often signallzed with other rwysare stop 1, I intersections -Coll./Lmal intersecticms controlled I often stop cantrolled Source: 'KRFf.2 7-4 1 local and perhaps state roadways may warrant a collector I classification. This could involve establishing a hierarchy of collector roadways that would possibly include: major, minor and local collectors. I There are currently no signalized intersections in the Township. There are two bridges in the Township that are eligible for federal aid and that have posted weight limits. I These are the Brinser Road Bridge over Amtrack and the PA 341 Bridge over Iron Run Tributary. I In 1989 the Township will receive about $90,000 dollars of liquid fuel tax money from the state for roadway improvements. Additionally, the Township has budgeted approximately $135 thousand from its general fund (about one-third of its total i budget) in 1989 for roadway work. The Township currently has a four man highway crew and various equipment. I Current right-of-way and cartway design standards found in the Township's Subdivision and Land Development Ordinance are illustrated in Table 7-4. I The Township currently uses a Dauphin County van and volunteers to transport elderly township residents. I TABLE 7-4 STREET RIGHT-OF-WAY I AND CARTWAY WIDTH REQUIRET3ENTS LONDONDERRY TOWNSHIP Street Type Right-of-way Shoulder Cartway I Width Width* Width* I Arterial Streets As determined by the Board of Supervisors, with recommendation of its Planning Commission, after consultation with the I Pennsylvania Department of Transportation. Collector Streets 60 ft. 8 ft. each 20 ft. I Minor Streets 50 ft. 7 ft. each 20 ft. 8 Cul-de-sac 50 ft. 7 ft. each 20 ft. Turn Around of I Cul-de-sac (dia.) 100 ft. 80 ft. Marginal Access 50 ft. 8 ft. (1 side) 18 ft. *Total paveG width of stre1 ts shall include the shoulders I and the cartway. Source: Londonderry Township - Subdivision and Land Development I Ordinance 7-5 I CHAPTER 8 COMMUNITY FACILITIES AND SERVICES There are many public and semi-public facilities and services that must be provided in a local municipality to meet the daily health, safety, educational and cultural needs of it's residents. The level of need for these services and the extent to which they can be provided depends largely on (1) the size and density of the physical development within the municipality, (2) the composition and spatial distribution of the resident population and, (3) the financial resources available to develop and or maintain the range of facilities and services that are needed. This Chapter of the Comprehensive Plan provides an inventory of the existing community facilities within Londonderry Township. Several types of facilities and services will be examined in this section including public utilities. The main concern of this Chapter is to examine their existing physical characteristics and functional adequacy. The adequacy and availability of the various community facilities are extremely important to the Township residents since they reflect the quality, convenience, and general character of Londonderry Township as a place to live. Schools The educational institutions within a community or surrounding region have a very important function. The school administration and the academic programs it maintains combine to assist in developing the basic learning tools and skills children and adolescents will need to function in our society. The advancement of knowledge is truly one of the essential building blocks of society. From the kindergarten level to the advanced university level, generations of individuals have been influenced by the variety of skills and learning opportunities educational institutions have provided and will continue to provide into the future. School facilities also play an important part in defining the quality of life within a community. Through combining the services and functions of school systems with the families of the community, the local churches, the community businesses and the local government, local residents can realize community identity. Londonderry Township is one municipal component of the Lower Dauphin School District. In terms of school facilities, the District consists of one junior/senior high school located outside Hummelstown in Derry Township, and five separate elementary schools located in the Borough of Hummelstown and the Townships of Conewago, East Hanover, South Hanover and Londonderry. Students from Londonderry Township at the secondary level (7-12) attend the Lower Dauphin Jr./Sr. High School, while students at the elementary level (K-6) attend the Londonderry Elementary School. 8-1 Aside from providing elementary level education for Londonderry Township students, this school also plays an important role as a central activity point for both the 1% extracurricular activities of students and activities of local community groups. Once the doors for school close, they are often reopened for a variety of civic and church groups of the Township. I The school facility is utilized quite extensively as a meeting place for the local Parent/Teacher Organization (PTO), local Girl Scout Groups, the local Lionettes and other civic and church groups. The indoor gymnasium has a busy schedule in the evenings for physical activities and is often reserved by groups such as the Londonderry Athletic Association, church volleyball groups, the Township Parks and Recreation Board, and the Elementary basketball teams. During the warmer months of the year, the outdoor athletic facilities become a popular place for exercise and recreation. Many of the same groups mentioned above support soccer, softball and basketball programs. The outdoor open area also hosts the annual Community Fair and Craft Fair that is a fund raiser for the local PTO. In general, the Londonderry Elementary School provides a number of meeting and recreational opportunities for Township residents. The following Table provides some general information about the School facilities for the Jr./Sr. High School and the Londonderry Township Elementary School. I I # Stories/ Pupil I YW Regular Capacity Wlilding Ehrollnwt school Grades Builtkiditions Acres Classroans Lower-UPP?r Cbndition 1988 1 story/ Lower [email protected] 35 class- 1,432 Satis 1% Jr. /Sr. 7-12 1959 1974 38.5 rocm 1.718 factory 1481 High School I -em 1 story/ El€n-flltary 24 class- 609 SatiS school K-6 1954 1980 13.5 roans 726 factory 486 1. I I 8-2 I: I LONDONDERRY ELEMENTARY SCHOOL Indoor Facilities Outdoor Facilities ,I Art Room Music Room 2 Ball Fields Stage/Gymnasium 1 Multi purpose field Locker Rooms 1 Primary Playground I Kitchen & Caf. 2 Intermediate Playgrounds Faculty Room Guidance Room I Speech Room Instruments/Music 1 Off ices For residents of the Township with an interest in expanding their educational experiences after High School, there are, several vocational schools and higher educational institutions I located within a convenient distance to Londonderry Township. The following is a listing of some of these schools. I Dauphin County Area Vocational Technical School Thompson Institute Dickinson College and School of Law Messiah College 1 Elizabethtown College Shippensburg University of Pennsylvania Central Pennsylvania Business School I Pennsylvania State University at Harrisburg Harrisburg Area Community College Electronics Institute I University Center at Harrisburg Pennsylvania State University-Hershey Medical Center I L.braries A great source of cultural, technical and practical information from the past, present and for the future can be I found in a community's libraries. Due to its limited size in population and resources, Londonderry Township does not support it's own individual community library. However, residents of the I Township do support, through their taxes, the Dauphin County Library System. Combined with Access Pennsylvania, a system where library members from anywhere can access books from any library, Londonderry Township residents are free to utilize a I number of County libraries and independent libraries throughout the area and throughout the Commonwealth. I Established in 1975, the Dauphin County Library System (DCLS) is a private non-profit public library corporation established "for the use of the citizens of Dauphin County and I shall be operated so as to provide leadership for library development consistent with the needs and desires of those citizens as well as to serve as a center of education, culture I' and practical information for them". (Article 11, Purposes, DCLS 8-3 I: By-Laws) Currently there are eight branches to the library system and one affiliate branch. The following list outlines I; these libraries, and the Library Locations Map shows the general location of these facilities. DAUPHIN COUNTY LIBRARY SYSTEM I 1. Central Branch - downtown Harrisburg 2. HUB Uptown Branch - uptown Harrisburg 1 3. East Shore Branch - Colonial Park 4. Kline Village Branch - Harrisburg 5. Hummelstown Branch - Hummelstown I 6. Johnson Memorial Library - Millersburg 7. Elizabethville Branch - Elizabethville 8. Northern Dauphin Branch - Lykens 9. Williamstown Branch - Williamstown a OTHER LIBRARIES I' 1. Hershey Public Library - Hershey 2. Middletown Public Library - Middletown 3. Pennsylvania State Library - Forum Building, Harrisburg I Police Services Due to the very low population density of Londonderry I Township and limited financial resources available, The Township does not support it's own police department. Police protection is provided by the Pennsylvania State Police. Londonderry I Township is part of a protection zone in which one State Police cruiser is available 24 hours a day to respond to Township residents' needs. Emergencies requiring police protec,tion are available through the 911 system, as well as through direct call I' to the State Police. In the event that State Police availability does become limited or unable to respond, the Middletown Borough Police Department is on alert and is available, only at State I Police request, to assist in emergencies within Londonderry Township. I Fire Protection Londonderry Township currently supports one local fire company. Centrally located in the Township on Foxanna road for I quick access to all areas of the Township, the Londonderry Fire Company No 1 has 125 active volunteer fire fighters and 8 active fire police. Currently, the Fire Company maintains one formal I written mutual response agreement with the Borough of Highspire. However, the Londonderry Fire Company does have verbal agreements with other surrounding areas to provide and receive extra fire protection, if needed. Ii The existing firehouse is the only general fire protection facility in the Township. (TMI also maintains it's own internal Il fire protection force) The building is a block structure that has a truss roof, fire walls, and concrete flooring. It contains I' 8-4 I EXHIBIT 8-A LIBRARY LOCATIONS IN D. C. L. S. 1. CENTRAL BRANCH DAUPHIN COUNTY 2. HUB UPTOWN BRANCH 3. EAST SHORE BRANCH 4. KLINE VILLAGE BRANCH 5. HUMMELSTOWN BRANCH 6. JOHNSON MEMORIAL LIBRARY m 7. ELIZABETHVILLE BRANCH I 8. NORTHERN DAUPHIN BRANCH ul 9. WILLIAMSTOWN BRANCH IN D EP END ENT LI B RAR IES 10. HERSHEY PUBLIC LIBRARY 11. MIDDLETOWN PUBLIC LIBRARY * DAUPHIN COUNM LIBRARY SYSTEM A INDEPENDENT LIBRARY 0 PA STATE LIBRARY SOURCE: DCLS, TCRPC a total of 5 truck bays, 3 of which are one vehicle deep and 2 bays are two vehicles deep. The building has one work area bay and one 2500 sq./ft. social hall which can be reserved for public use. Heating for the building is through a hot water system. The facility also houses the Commonwealth Security 8 Zone Fire Alarm System that is connected to the Dauphin County Dispatch Center. Following is a listing of all the primary vehicles and equipment available for fire fighting and emergency needs: 1. 1974 Howe Tanker Pumper - 1000 gpm pump - 2500 gallon capacity water tank - 1 port-a-tank, 3000 gallon capacity - 2 SCBA's (Self-contained breathing apparatus) - 2 pre-connected 1 3/4" hand lines 2. 1984 Sutphen Engine (Pumper) - 1500 gpm - 1000 gallon capacity tank - 1600 ft. of 5" supply line - 8 1 3/4" pre-connected hand lines, with TFT nozzles nozzles - 2-2 1/2" pre connected hand lines, with turbojet nozzles - 8 SCBA's 3. 1942 Chevrolet 4x4 1 1/2 ton Brush Truck - 300 gPm PUP - 300 gallon capacity water tank - 2 pre-connected 1 1/2" hand lines - pump and drive capabilities 4. 1979 Ford 1 ton pick-up truck with utility bed - portable 1500 kw generator - lights and accessories - 2nd line equipment - chain saw, broom salvage equipment - 2 SCBA's 5. 18ft. John Boat (double wide) - 25 horse power motor (1980) - life jackets - 5 pound haylon extinguisher - miscellaneous tools and rescue equipment 6. 1985 Ford Horton Ambulance VASC state certified According to the Londonderry Township Fire Company, the present facilities and equipment are generally ample. The fire company does feel that, depending on how much the Township may grow and develop, a need for expansion or new substations may be necessary. 8-6 I The present fire fighting equipment is in good working I condition. However, depending on the characteristics of future development throughout the Township, the Fire Company may need specialized fire fighting equipment to deal with hazardous I materials. Hospitals I The availability of hospital care is essential for Township residents of all ages, Fortunately for the Township, there are a number of area hospitals that provide a variety of health care I services for the Region. The following listing identifies the facilities conveniently located near the Township, and gives a I brief description of the services they provide. 1 DAUPHIN COUNTY Type of Facility1 Bed 1 Name of Hospital Location Services Total Harrisburg Hospital S. Front St., General surgery, neonatal, 450 Harrisburg pediatric, obstetrics, 1 psychiatric, special care. Cornunity General Londonderry Rd., General medicine, 178 1 Osteopathic Hosp Harrisburg surgery, pediatrics, obstetrics, special care. I Harrisburg State Cameron Street, Psychiatric 513 Hospital Harrisburg M.S. Hershey Med 500 Univ. Dr. General surgery,neonatal, 332 I Center Hershey obstetrics, pediatric, psychiatric, cardiac, I special care. Polyclinic Medical 3rd St. & Poly General surgery, neonatal, 570 Ctr. of Hbg Ave. Hbg obstetrics, gynecological, I pediatric, cardiac, intensive care, psychiatric I care. I I I 8.- 7 B' I CUMBERLAND COUNTY I' Type of Facility/ Bed Name of Hospital Location Services Total I Seidle Hospital Simpson & Filbert General medical, 58 Sts.,Mechanicsburg surgery, intensive care, special care, obstetrics, neonatal 1 psychiatric, pediatric. Holy Spirit Hosp N. 21st Street General surgery ,neonatal, 349 I Camp Hill obstetrics, gynecological, pediatric, psychiatric, special care. I Carlisle Hospital 246 Parker St General/surgery, neonatal, 234 Carlisle obstetrics, gynecological, pediatric, psychiatric, '. I special care. LANCASTER COUNTY I Type of Facility/ Bed Name of Hospital Location Service s Total I Elizabethtown Hospital Rt 230 Comprehensive rehabilitation 55 Children and Youth Elizabethtown services. I Rehabilitation Center (Penn State Univ. Hershey Medical Center) 1 SOURCE: Health Resources Planning Department, Health Systems Plan, 1983 I Parks and Recreation Recreation facilities and open areas are important amenities I to a community in providing an opportunity for residents to enjoy both active and passive outdoor activities during their leisure time. Conscientious efforts by local officials, community organizations, and planners in the promotion, location, and I maintenance of recreation and open space areas can add to the Township's general appearance, as well as create a pleasurable environment in which to live. I Successful planning of open spaces in conjunction with other land development and uses can also contribute to the economic I value of residences and other properties. With these ideas in mind, the promotion and selective placement and maintenance of Township recreation and open space areas should be of high priority. I I 8-8 I/ For a community of its size, Londonderry Township residents have a number of recreation areas to utilize. In an effort to keep these facilities maintained and to promote the support of different recreation programs for both youths and adults, Londonderry Township has established a seven-member Parks and Recreation Board. Many recreation programs and events take place at the Township's two municipal owned recreation areas. These areas are Sunset Park and Brae Burn Park. The Parks and Recreation Board also organizes a variety athletic programs at the Londonderry Elementary School which are supported by the Londonderry Athletic Association. The following is a brief description of municipal owned recreation areas, quasi-public areas and private recreation areas within the Township. Sunset Golf Course Owned and managed by Londonderry Township Board of Supervisors, the Golf Course has since been expanded to 18 holes and there have been improvements to the club house and parking area as well. The Golf Course currently encompasses 216 acres of land, and contains a Club House, picnic pavilion, and surfaced parking lot. During the phase-out of Olmsted Air Force Base, Londonderry Township took the opportunity to purchase 112 acres of land that encompassed a 9 hole golf course owned by the Air Force. Sunset Park Located adjacent to the Sunset Golf Course, Sunset Park is a 19 acre public park with two regulation Teener and Little League ball fields with dugouts, one large general purpose field, one concession stand/storage building, one tot lot playground, two picnic pavilions with electricity, tables and barbecue pits, one basket ball court, multi station fitness trail, and improved parking areas. The Park has water service and toilet facilities. Brae Burn Park The smaller of the two Township parks (5.3 acres), Brae Burn Park contains one regulation Teener ball field, one picnic area with a pavilion and barbecue pit, one playground, one concession stand, four newly resurfaced tennis courts, parking area, and small maintenance building. The Park has water service and portable toilet facilities. Biq Buck Archery Club Located along Miller Road (T-494) in the northern part of the Township, the Big Buck Archery Club owns and operates a 8-9 I private archery club. The Club maintains approximately 200 acres of land and a building and archery range for use by it's members and their guests. I; Candv Town Motorcvcle Club I In the northeastern area at the Township, accessed from Steinruck Road (T-566), the Candy Town Motorcycle Club has a "hill climb" area and flat track for use by Club Members and I' their guests. Middletown Anqlers And Hunters Club I' Located along Schoolhouse Road and adjacent to the Middletown Reservoir, the Middletown Anglers and Hunters Club maintains a 20 acre parcel of land and a building for use by club I members as a social center for club activities. Middletown Reservoir Located along Roundtop Road, the Middletown Borough Reservoir provides an area for public fishing. The Pennsylvania Fish Commission leases the area from the Middletown Borough Authority and stocks the reservoir with fish. The Club also maintains a target range and trap shooting range on their property. Swatara Beaale Club Near the Southeast corner of the Township, along Beagle Road (T-315), a 200 acre tract of land adjacent to Lynch Run is owned and maintained by the Swatara Beagle Club. This area provides open space for club members to run and train their dogs in hunting. Tri-County Boat Club Approximately one mile outside of Royalton, along Route 441, the Tri-County Boat Club maintains a boat launch for boaters and fishermen. The area provides for access and parking, as well as a docking facility for members only along the Susquehanna'River. Metropolitan Edison-York Haven Boat Launch Just south of Royalton, along Route 441, the Metropolitan Edison Corporation maintains a public boat launch for Susquehanna , River boaters and fishermen. The area has a large parking area for its users and several picnic areas. TMI Visitors Center Located near the entrance of the TMI Nuclear Power Plant, the TMI Visitor Center gives interested citizens an opportunity to see how TMI functions in the display area and museum. The Visitors Center has eight picnic tables available to individual 8-10 visitors as well as groups. On the sight adjacent to the Visitor's Center, TMI has developed two ball fields. These fields are used quite extensively by TMI employees for their summer softball league activities. The fields are normally kept closed when not in use, however they may be reserved and used by other private groups. TMI Nature Trail The area south of the TMI Nuclear Plant on Three Mile Island is quite scenic, overlooking the Susquehanna River. The GPU Nuclear Corporation has developed several nature trails and walking trails along the western side of the Island. There are seven picnic tables scattered along the trails for hikers and visitors to use. Individuals or groups can schedule appointments to enter the Island and park at the Visitor Center. Boy Scout Complex Located along Fulker Road, the Boy Scouts maintain a . facility on 7 acres of land. The facility consists of a block cabin with bath room facilities, electricity, and water. It is used year-round by the scoutsfor meetings and a variety of outdoor activities. I Londonderry Firehouse The Londonderry Firehouse contains a social hall that can I accommodate approximately 200 people and contains a fully equipped kitchen. A number of routine social and organizational events take place here, including bingo, Lionettes/Lions Club meetings, and Boy Scout meetings. The Ambulance Association and local Red Cross Chapter conduct first aid and CPR classes periodically at this location. The Hall can be rented by groups for a fee. State Game Lands Located along Roundtop Road, the Pennsylvania Game Commission owns and maintains a 424 acre site which is open year- round for the public. This area is primarily used for hunting ~1 during appropriate seasons, and is locally known as "Roundtop". Londonderry Elementary School I As discussed previously in this Chapter, the elementary school facilities are available for reservation and use. The school contains a large multi-purpose room with a stage, I projection room, basketball court, volley ball court, and kitchen area. The room can accommodate approximately 500 people, with tables and chairs available. The school property also I contains outdoor playground and basketball areas, a small soccer field, general purpose field and 2 ball fields suitable for T- ' I ball and girls softball. i 8-11 Gevers Civic Center This facility is located at the intersection of Geyers Church Road and Hillsdale Road. It is renovated church building owned by the Geyers Church Cemetery Board. It is operated and maintained by the Londonderry Civic Association, with annual subsidies provided by the Londonderry Township Board of Supervisor to assist in the operating costs. The downstairs area contains complete kitchen facilities, bathrooms, a large meeting room which can accommodate 50-60 people, a small meeting room for 20-25 people, and storage areas. The upstairs area contains a large meeting auditorium which can accommodate about 200 people, and two smaller meeting areas, each accommodating about 30 people. The facility is utilized on a year-round basis. Local Church Facilities Several local churches maintain social rooms and outdoor recreation facilities that can be scheduled for a variety,.of appropriate uses. Kniqhts of Columbus Located at the intersection of Route 230 and School House Road, this organization maintains a meeting and social hall, with catering, available for reservation at a fee. The social hall can accommodate up to 125 people. Solid Waste Disposal The management of municipal waste under the Pennsylvania Solid Waste Management Act, as amended, requires each municipality be responsible for the collection, transportation, processing and disposal of solid waste generated or present within it's boundaries. Londonderry Township is currently serviced by four waste hauling companies. These are:(l) Waste Management,(2) Winters Disposal,(3) T. Horner and (4) Keystone Refuse. Each with their own service routes, these companies collect solid waste throughout the Township and deliver it to a number of disposal sites located inside and outside Dauphin County. Service is contracted on an individual basis with Township residents selecting their particular hauler to provide waste pick-up and disposal. Public Water Londonderry Township currently has very limited public water service. South of the Borough of Royalton, several homes that were built in the Township along Route 441 experienced polluted well water and needed better water service. In cooperation with the Township, the Boroughs of Royalton and Middletown agreed to extend public water lines along Route 441 to the 12 homes that needed water service. Londonderry Township essentially 8-12 purchases water service from Royalton and bills residents receiving the service. Due to the rural character of the Township most of Township residences and businesses utilize on-lot wells for their individual water service. Communty water service is provided in the mobile home parks located in the Township. Public Sewer Londonderry Township does not maintain a Municipal sewerage treatment facility. Due to the rural character of the Township and the low densities of development in general throughout the Township, the size and expense of such a Township-wide system would be too expensive. However, there are three mobile home parks that contain densities to warrant small private package treatment plants. These private systems provide sewage collection and treatment for residents of Crest View Mobile Home Park, Pine Manor Mobile Home Park and Cedar Manor Mobile Home Park. The Derry Township Municipal Authority is currently finalizing plans to construct a new public sewage treatment plant near the northwestern edge of the Township. The plant will be located in Lower Swatara Township adjacent to Swatara Creek west of the Vine Street exit of Interstate 283. Anticipating the development potentials and pressures of the northwestern area of the Township, the Township has arranged to purchase and reserve a capacity of 40,000 gallons per day in this proposed facility. This capacity will be used in an effort to meet the current sewerage needs of developments in northwest Londonderry Township and for future development of the area. Natural Gas Service I The residents of Londonderry Township receive natural gas service from UGI Corporation. UGI has a main transmission line that passes through the Township. This line crosses Conewago I Creek and heads north near Hillsdale Road (SR2001) crossing under Route 283 adjacent to Iron Mine Road, under the Pennsylvania 1 Turnpike and along Swatara Creek north into Derry Township. The Texas Eastern Company also maintains a transmission line that bisects the northern portion of the Township. This line originates in Derry Township and crosses the Swatara Creek near I the Pennsylvania Turnpike and the Borough of Middletown. E Electric Service Londonderry Township receives its electrical service from the Metropolitan Edison Company. The Three Mile Island (TMI) I Nuclear Power Generation Facility is located on the northern portion of Three Mile Island in the Township. Two substations and a number of transmission lines extend outward from these i facilities to carry electricity through large-regional network. I 8-13 The main electric transmission lines originate from the reactor facility of TMI to the Metropolitan Edison Substation located along Geyer's Church road in the southwestern portion of the Township. From this point, electric lines are directed north toward the Harrisburg metropolitan area and toward Derry Township. Other lines head south into Conoy Township. Lancaster County and east. With the substation and majority of the transmission line corridors located near the TMI facility, many of the land use limitations are clearly defined. The basic right of way for the main transmission lines is 200 feet wide, while the smaller lines are 100 feet and 150 feet wide. The intensity of this use and the area reserved for rights-of-way consumes much of the southwestern area of the Township, restricting many types of private development. Municipal Buildinq Londonderry Township's municipal building is centrally located along Geyer's Church Road (T-696), between Alwine Road (T-315) and Brinser Road (T-490). This building is the center for Township government and management activities. The building contains a large meeting room for public meeting held by the Township Supervisors and other Township governmental agencies and commissions. A small storage area is located downstairs, which is also used by the Dauphin County Van/Meals on Wheels volun- teers. A large storage building is attached to the rear. Maintenance Buildinq Located off of Sunset Drive (T-368), adjacent to the Sunset Park and Sunset Golf Course, the Township maintenance building has five bays for maintenance vehicles and other equipment. The area has 1 salt and cinder storage building, 2 gas pumps, a general storage area and an office area. Following is a listing of Township maintenance vehicles: 1970 Tag-along trailer 1984 Aeroil Oil Buggy 1978 Ford tractor mower 1983 Ford Dump Truck 1980 John Deere Back hoe Model 300B GVW 33,200 1981 John Deere Loader 1984 Chevy Truck GVW 8,600 1987 Tanden Vibrator Loader 1986 Ford Dump Truck GVW- 33 ,200 Churches There are eight (8) churches of various denominations located in the Township. As a significant component among the community's social, as well as moral support organizations, churches assist in maintaining positive community identity and quality of life through the extensive social and religious networks they create. 8-14 The following is a listing of the Township's Churches: 1. Grace Chapel 2. Jehovah's Witness Church (Kingdom Hall) 3. Swatara Hill Church of the Brethren 4. Geyer's United Brethren Church 5. Middletown Area Bible Church 6. Strickler's Mennonite Church 7. Fountain of Life Church 8. Church of Christ 8-15 CHAPTER 9 MUNICIPAL ADMINISTRATION AND FINANCES Municipal Administration Londonderry Township functions under the Second Class Township Code. The Township operates under a Board of Supervisors form of local government administration. Under this form of government general policy, administrative, and I legislative powers are the responsibility of the governing body. The Township is located in the 17th Pennsylvania Congressional District, the 106th Pennsylvania House of Representatives District, and the 15th Pennsylvania Senatorial a District. Registered voters in the Township, therefore, cast ballots for candidates running for office in these respective Districts. Elections for Township Supervisors are on an at-large I basis. The Board of Supervisors is comprised of 'three members, each elected for a six year term of office. I Other elected and appointed officials that make up the Township's local government structure include: 0 Tax Collector (1-elected) I 0 Auditors (3-elected) 0 Certified Public Accountant (1-appointed) 0 School Board Representatives (2-elected) i 0 Secretary/Treasurer (1-appointed) 0 Solicitor (1-appointed) 0 Constable (1-elected) f 0 Sewage Enforcement Officer (1-appointed) 0 Building Inspector (1-appointed) 0 Zoning Officer (1-appointed) 0 Vacancy Board Chairman (1-appointed) 0 Emergency Management Director (appointed) The Pennsylvania Second Class Township Code authorizes the I Board of Supervisors to create a variety of boards, commissions, and authorities to assist in carrying out local government functions. The Londonderry Township Board of Supervisors has 1 created the following: o Planning Commission (5 members) o Zoning Hearing Board (5 members) I o Parks and Recreation Board (7 members) o Emergency Management (30 members) o Fire Police (16 Members) o Lower Dauphin Council of Governments (1 delegate/l alternate) To enable Londonderry Township to put its comprehensive plan into effect, various agencies and personnel will have to administer and enforce the ordinances and codes required for implementation. The following is a summary of the agencies and 9-1 personnel necessary to implement various elements of the plan. Under the Implementation Phase of this Plan, specific responsibilities will be outlined which are necessary to carry out the plan successfully. Administration The two local governmental units which occupy the most influential positions in implementing the planning program are the Board of Supervisors and the School Board, since they are the elected policy-making bodies of the community. Their financial and organizational support of the plan are required before its goals and objectives can be accomplished. These two bodies can receive recommendations and suggestions from many agencies and groups, and in most instances can initiate projects themselves. Of these two bodies, the Board of Supervisors is most directly responsible for implementation of the Plan. In addition, the Board of Supervisors and the School Board have the power to appoint members to various committees and commissions, and have the responsibility of appointing citizens to these organizations which have an understanding and des.ire to further the overall planning program. The Board of Supervisors, however, has the power to appoint a Planning Commission, Zoning Hearing Board, and Zoning Officer. Planninq Commission The Planning Commission has two major responsibilities in the planning program. One responsibility is to advise the Board of Supervisors on matters pertaining to the development of the Township. The Planning Commission should prepare, or have consultants prepare, detailed studies on proposed projects and improvements and submit their recommendations to the governing body. The second responsibility of the Planning Commission is to see that the planning program is a continuing one, in that the planning program does not stop merely because a plan has been prepared. This is only the beginning, for as long as the Township continues to grow changes within the Township will constantly be made, all of which will involve some facet of planning. Along with the continuing program concept is the necessity of seeing that the enforcement of codes and ordinances is maintained and that any changes or revisions as may become necessary are made. Recommendations included in any studies, as well as the Commission's role in reviewing subdivision and land development proposals, should consistently reflect the Township's commitment to maintain high quality of life standards through the preservation and enhancement of Londonderry Township's natural, historical, and cultural environments. 9-2 Enforcement of Codes A code or ordinance is only as effective as the enforcement structure and personnel administering it. Therefore, it is important that the zoning ordinance, subdivision and land development regulations, and building code are enforced strictly and objectively. Presently, the Township has a Zoning Officer, Engineer, Building Inspector, and Sewage Enforcement Officer to enforce and administer its planning related codes and ordinances. Zoninq Hearinq Board The Zoning Hearing Board is established to hear and decide all appeals from decisions of the Zoning Officer, and requests for special exceptions, conditional uses, and variances from the zoning ordinance. The decisions of the Zoning Hearing Board will, to a large degree, determine the overall effectiveness of the zoning ordinance. Therefore, the Board should be thoroughly familiar with the zoning ordinance and with the development goals and objectives of the community so that their decisions are ba'sed not only on the letter of the law, but also on the intent of the law. Citizen Participation Because the planning process is directed toward making the community a more desirable place in which to live and work, citizen participation and education of the citizens as to the objectives of the plan is very important. It is an established fact that many times the public will not lend support to a program that they do not understand. The feasibility of a plan as adopted will not necessarily lead to successful implementation if it is unacceptable to the citizens. Therefore, the public must be informed of the municipal planning program by any means available to the Governing Body and Planning Commission, such as newspapers, newsletters, and presentations before civic and school groups. Through the 'I participation of citizen groups in the various elements of the program, the Planning Commission and Board of Supervisors can receive support and constructive criticism from the people, rather than negative objections from persons not having a ID thorough knowledge of the program. Reqional Planninq Realizing that planning problems do not always recognize municipal boundaries, and that Londonderry Township is part of I Dauphin County and the Tri-County Region, the Township has availed itself of the services of the Local Planning Assistance I: Program offered by the Tri-County Regional Planning Commission. 1' 9-3 This provides the Township with the services of professional planners who can assist in the continuous planning program of the Township. The Tri-County Regional Planning Commission is in a position of being able to coordinate the planning and development process in surrounding communities, thus promoting public I relations and planning awareness among communities. Municipal Finances The success of a planning program and effective management of local government affairs is to a great extent dependent upon the financial resources available and utilized by the Township. I The purpose of this section is to identify the current sources of revenues utilized by the Township, as well as the potential revenue sources available. Areas of municipal expenditures are also described. A detailed illuslption of Township revenues and 4. expenditures for the period 1984 through 1988 is contained on Table 9-1, appearing at the end of this Chapter. Tax Revenues Municipal Codes and State Tax Enabling Legislation authorize the counties, cities, boroughs, townships, and school districts of Pennsylvania to levy taxes on inhabitants and property within their respective jurisdictions. The levy of taxes by any. governmental unit must be in compliance with applicable municipal I: codes, tax legislation, and the Pennsylvania Constitution-:'\ The following municipal taxes are currently levied by the Township, including the amount or percentage shared with the Lower Dauphin gi School District: Amount Retained Amount Retained I: Twe of Tax Bv Township BY School District Earned Income 1/2 of 1% 1/2 of 1% Occupational Privilege $5.00 $5.00 Real Estate Transfer 1/2 of 1% 1/2 of 1% I Amusement Admissions 1/2 of 10% on 1/2 of 10% on Admission Fees Admission Fees I' During the period 1984 through 1988, tax revenues have averaged about 33.6% of the total revenues received by the Township. The greatest single source of tax income is the Earned Income Tax, which constituted approximately 87.6% of all tax 1; revenues received during this period. Of the remaining tax revenue sources, the Real Estate Transfer Tax comprised about 6.8%, Occupational Privilege Tax about 5.3%, and the Amusement Ii Tax about .3%. Although Township residents pay additional taxes to the I School District, Dauphin County, the Commonwealth, and Federal Government, the monies collected are not additionally shared with the Township. To a limited extent, the Township does benefit periodically by receiving funds allocated from the I Pennsylvania Liquid Fuels Tax. Funds from this tax are received 9-4 on a formula basis by Dauphin County, which it may in turn allocate and distribute to municipalities in the County for road related work. Miscellaneous Revenues The Township receives additional revenues from miscellaneous sources. These are not direct local tax revenues, but are received as part of general government management, public service functions, state and federal grants/loans, and investment interest. For budgeting and accounting purposes, these revenues 'I are categorized as follows: Licenses and Permits State Highway Aid I Fines and Forfeits Department Services Revenue from Money and Property Public Service Enterprises State and Federal Grants Other Miscellaneous Revenues 1 During the period 1984 through 1988, miscellaneous revenues have averaged about 66.4% of the total revenues received by the Township. The greatest single miscellaneous revenue source is I the Public Service Enterprise category, which constituted approximately 58.2% of all miscellaneous revenues received by the Township during this period. Of the remaining revenue sources, 1 the State Highway Aid Fund constituted about 15.8%, Department Services about 8.5% and State and Federal Grants approximately 6%. The others, in total, comprised about 10% of miscellaneous revenues received. Wide fluxuations have occurred in the State I and Federal Grants and the Licenses and Permits Categories over the past five years. Those maintaining relative consistency in amounts generated include State Highway Aid, Public Service I Enterprises, Revenue from Money and Property, Fines and Forfeits., and Department Services. 1 Taxes and miscellaneous revenues normally vary from municipality to municipality due to optional taxing sources and the particular administrative/management functions undertaken by the local government. It is important to establish realistic I linkages between municipal project/service activities and the ability to provide adequate financing. In order to more effectively evaluate these activities and select the proper I revenue source(s), a thorough understanding of local government revenue options is necessary. The following list illustrates the variety of revenue options available to Londonderry Township, I as well as the parameters within which they must be applied: Revenue Source Annual Limitations I o General Purpose Tax 14 mills maximum (additional 5 mills if court approved) o Debt & Sinking Fund Sufficient amount to pay i interest and charges o Housing apparatus, purchasing 3 mills (electors may permit & maintaining fire apparatus higher millage) 9-5 0 Procuring a lot and/or Not to exceed 50% of the rate erecting a municipal of assessment for the town- building ship tax Fire hydrants & fire hydrant 2 mills maximum with consent water service of 51% of the electors Parks and other recreation Amount as necessary to operate and maintain such places Lighting of streets and 5 mills maximum public places Revolving fund for all 5 mills maximum for street, permanent improvements sidewalk, sewer, and water improvements 0 Garbage disposal Per capita basis against adult residents of district served; reasonable charges for service Library 3 mills maximum Support of ambulance squads 1/2 mill maximum Road machinery 2 mills maximum Per Capita Tax (1) $10.00 maximum Occupation Tax $10.00, unless using a millage assessment 0 Merchatile Taxes Wholesale 1 mill maximum Retail 1 1/2 mills maximum 0 Earned Income Tax (1) 1% maximum 0 Real Property Transfer Tax (1) 1% maximum 0 Amusement Tax 10% maximum (excludes irl'tition picture theaters) 0 Occupational Privilege Tax (1) $10.00 maximum 0 Retail Sales Tax 2% maximum (1) If these taxes are imposed by both the Township and the School District, they must be shared. It is important to note that the aggregate amount of all taxes imposed by the Township may not exceed an amount equal to the product obtained by multiplying the latest total market valuation of real estate in the Township by twelve mills. Municipal Expenditures As with revenues, municipal expenditures vary from municipality to municipality. For budgeting and accounting purposes, expenditures are classified as either an operation and maintenance expenditure or a capital expenditure. For the 1: purpose of annual budgeting, capital programming, and annual auditing, the following structure of functional expenditure areas has been established: 9-6 Operations and Maintenance General Administration Protective Inspections Tax Collection Costs Streets and Highways Health Services Parks and Recreation , Public Service Enterprises Interest Fire Miscellaneous Expenditures Capital Expenditures Streets and Highways Parks and Recreation Public Service Enterprises Other Capital Outlays The Pennsylvania General Assembly has prescribed the debt limits of all units of local government. The borrowing base for Londonderry Township is computed by the annual arithmetic average of the total revenues for the preceding three full years. The Township is limited to borrow up to 250 percent of its borrowing base. These limitations do not include electoral debt, where the debt is approved by the electors of the Township nor to self- liquidating debt, where debt is-repaid solely from rents or user charges. Lease-rental debt is that debt incurred by an authority which is repaid through base or rental payments by the Township. The limit for lease-rental debt and other non- electoral debt is 300 percent of the Township's borrowing base. As can be seen from the preceding revenue sources listing,, Londonderry Township has a variety of revenue sources to draw upon to finance its municipal operations, services, and capital outlay expenditures.. During the period 1984 through 1988, operations and maintenance expenditures have constituted approximately 88.8% of total Township expenditures. The areas having the greatest single amounts of expenditure are the Public Service Enterprises and Streets and Highways categories, comprising about 33.3% and 29.1%, respectively, of all operations and maintenance expenditures during this period. They are followed by (in descending order), General Administration, Other Expenditures, Health Services, Fire, Parks and Recreation, Protective Inspections, Tax Collection Costs, and Interest. During the period 1984 through 1988, capital outlays have constituted approximately 11.2% of all Township expenditures. The area that has received the greatest amount of funds for capital expenditure is the Public Service Enterprises category, receiving about 58.8% of all capital outlay funds during this period. It is followed by Streets and Highways (21.77%), Parks and Recreation (10.8%), and other capital outlay (8.7%). I 1 9-7 TABLE 9-1 MUNICIPAL REVENUES AND EXPENDITURES: 1984-1988 LONDONDERRY TOWNSHIP 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 TAxFavENms: Earned Incm $204,903.00 $235,599.00 $235,726.00 $259,088.00 $260,823.00 Real Property Transfer $13,357.00 $15,931.00 $19,204 .OO $25,303.00 $19,709.00 Anlsarent $404.00 $393.00 $1,001.00 $1,157.00 $575.00 Ckcuptid Privilege $12,334.00 $14,697.00 $13,856 .OO $16,764.00 $14,893.00 ToTALTAxR?%vENm $230,998.00 $266,620.00 $269,787.00 $302,312.00 $296,000.00 License & Permits $35,136.00 $3,652.00 $5,861.00 $8,718.00 $a, 736.00 Fines & Forfeits $7,649.00 $7,254.00 $9,847.00 $8,696.00 $9,460.00 Revenuefranmney& property $24,802.00 $23,670.00 $23,405.00 $16,413.00 $22,478.00 State & Federal Grants $50,109.00 $32,144.00 $41,644.00 $20,252.00 $U,107.00 State Highway Aid $81,328.00 $88,452.00 $84,791.00 $85,125 .OO $87,223.00 De-t Services $48,123.00 $31,495.00 $51,062.00 $46,237.00 $53,016.00 public Service Ehterprises $228,002.00 $287,102.00 $353,230.00 $331,687.00 $371,852.00 Other Miscellaneous R.WenUeS $19,161.00 $12,135.00 $U,727.00 $29,433.00 $19,509.00 lwrALMIsc. REVENUES $494,310.00 $485,904.00 $581,567.00 $546,561.00 $593,381.00 rrmALREvENuEs $725,308.00 $752,524.00 $851,354.00 $848,873.00 $889,381.00 General Admin. $76,336.00 $86,079.00 $74,393.00 $100,976.00 $EL, 375.00 Tax Collection Costs $4,390.00 $4,7ll.00 $5,153 .OO $5,983.00 $15,955.00 Health Senrice $3,823.00 $14,978.00 $54,406 .OO $31,626.00 $38,888.00 Fire $33,092.00 $12,199.00 $17,786.00 $27,556.00 $25,349.00 Protective Inspections $l5,912.00 $13,259 .oo $10,314.00 $4,264.00 $ll,917.00 street & Highways $215,084.00 $172,607.00 $213,669 .OO $187,447.00 $271,002.00 Park b Recreation $10,231.00 $14,450.00 $15,302.00 $15,169.00 $15,252.00 Public Senrice Ehterprise $2U,787.00 $220,441.00 $248,521.00 $276,986.00 $256,652.00 Interest $4,974.00 $6,672.00 $3,496.00 $2,728.00 $919.00 Other Ekpenditures $106,622.00 $99,556.00 $90,101.00 $92,856.00 $80,455.00 TOTAL OPERATION AND MPENDITURES $682,251.00 $644,352.00 $733,141.00 $745,591.00 $837,764.00 9-8 CAPITAL OUTW street and Highway $ 14,376.00 $ 13,995.00 $ 44,116.00 $ 900.00 $ 26,500.00 Park and Recreaticm $ 14,386.00 $ 9,698.00 $ 17,786.00 $ 5,208.00 $ 2,360.00 Public Service Ehterprise $ 8,158.00 $ 24,445.00 $ 62,399.00 $ 64,350.00 $110,353.00 Other Capital Outlays $ 10,858.00 $ 1,771.00 $ 15,678.00 $ 7,939.00 $ 3,682.00 ToTAt CAPITAL ovmw $ 47,778.00 $ 49,909.00 $139,979.00 $ 78,397.00 $142,895.00 EXPENDITURES ToTAtMpEMlITuREs $730,029.00 $694,261.00 $873,120.00 $823,988.00 $980 ,659.00 9-9 CHAPTER 10 Almost every aspect of community development has an affect on energy use, from minute engineering details to broad considerations of urban density and design. Energy efficiency depends in part on planning and on proper implementation of such plans. This Chapter will review energy efficient site and community design options. These options are based on recent experiences of other local governments that have adopted new development- regulations or amended existing ones to promote energy conservation. Although much has been written in recent years about saving energy through local government policies and community design, actual experience in their application is limited. To date, the most that communities have done is to study the problem, document consumption patterns, and prepare reports and plans. Only a limited number have adopted land management and construction design standards for the express purpose of saving energy. . Energy conservation options normally address the following major areas of energy use: 1. Reducing Heating and Cooling Needs; 2. Reducing Dependence on Motor Vehicle Transportation; 3. Reducing the Consumption of Energy in Construction Material and Process; and 4. Promoting the Use of Alternative Energy Sources. Energy-efficient development techniques are wide-ranging in scope, cost, and effectiveness.5 Some options are small and easy to use, requiring only minor changes in current development practices. Passive solar orientation is a relatively simple low- cost method to reduce the heating and cooling needs of a new building or addition. Other options are more complex to design and implement, such as planning for mixed-use development to reduce the number and length of motor vehicle trips. Where major changes in development patterns are involved, public receptivity and political reaction can vary. Comparatively, so can development costs and related energy savings. Some options yield energy saving results that can be predicted or measured relatively accurately; for others, informed judgement tells us that they save energy, but the actual amounts depend on consumer behavior. 10-1 ’. Energy-Conserving Development Regulations : Current Practice August 1980. 58pp., Planning Advisory Service, Report Number 352, American Planning Association As an overview of community development techniques for conserving energy, the following briefly describe the range of options that fall into the four major areas of energy use under discussion. I' 1. Reducinq Heatinq and Coolinq Needs The energy that is required to heat and cool buildings is determined in part by how buildings and their sites are designed with respect to climate. Sun, cold winds, warm breezes, landscaping, and topography affect a building's heating and cooling needs and must be I utilized to reduce them. The orientation and arrangement of buildings with respect to the sun and wind and the use of landscaping are examples of actions 1' that can be taken to moderate climate extremes, make a living environment more comfortable through natural means, and thereby save energy. Structures, in particular housing types, also affect the energy needed to heat and cool buildings. Buildings with commonwalls - i.e., commercial, townhouses, apartments, and semi-detached dwellings sharing a common party wall(s) - usually of higher density, typically use less energy for heating and air conditioning than completely detached structures. Normally, housing of these types have smaller units, which further reduces energy requirements. Some of the options for reducing heating and cooling needs and the means of implementing them are as-' follows : I 0 Natural Solar Heatinq Design developments so that buildings are oriented to the sun. This means designing streets to run from east to west; lots to run from north to south; and the long axes of buildings to run from east to west. Develop south facing slopes first; they are warmer in winter than slopes facing other directions. 0 Natural Coolinq Use landscaping to shade buildings, parking lots, streets, and other paved areas. This prevents I' over-heating of buildings in summer and lowers summer air temperature near the pavement. Design developments to take advantage of cooling I\ breezes. The placement of vegetation and the arrangement of buildings can be used to channel breezes through buildings. 10-2 11 I' 0 Wind Protection Use windbreaks (trees, hedges, fences, earthwork) to protect buildings from winter winds. Wind- I breaks reduce the infiltration of cold air into buildings. I Avoid developing locations where winds are strongest. Arrange buildings so they protect each other from I the wind. Often, such an arrangement is compatible with taking advantage of summer breezes when winter and summer wind direction are I different. 0 Housincr Typ es I Build housing with a lower proportion of outside surface to interior space (e.g. more common walls, multi-family housing, more compact building I f oms ) . I Reduce the size of dwelling units. Encourage housing design innovations that save energy (e.g. earth shelteFed housing). I These options, while generally holding for all areas, need to be specified and applied according to the locational and development characteristics I of the Township. There are other aspects of building design - windows, overhangs, roof design, and construction materials - that are also I appropriate for consideration. 2. Reducins Transportation Needs I The energy used to move people and goods in a community is determined in part by patterns of development. The spatial relationships of individual buildings and I entire neighborhoods - their density and the degree to which different kinds of uses are integrated - determine in part how far and by what means people travel. Compact development with a mixture of I different land uses, where goods, services, jobs, residences, and recreation are closer together, permits less travel and perhaps more opportunity for public I transportation than low-density, sprawling development. I' 0 Density Develop at increased densities, especially near 1: activity centers. Use clustering, even at medium net densities. I 10-3 0 Inteqratinq Uses I Combine different kinds of land uses within development projects and neighborhoods. Develop multiple-use buildings. Large development I complexes with residential, entertainment, office, and commercial uses under one roof are exam9les. This can also be done on a small scale - an I apartment building with a few shops, for example. Allow use of home occupations. I Permit limited convenience shopping and service facilities in otherwise residential neighborhoods. Convenience stores in residential I areas provide an alternative to driving for minor purchases. I 0 Bicvclina/Walkinq/Mass Transit Provide facilities to encourage bicycling and walking. Pathways, parking facilities, I landscaping, and other amenities in projects can encourage biking and walking. I Develop at densities that support mass transit. Seven dwelling units to the acre appears to be the minimum density capable of supporting mass 'trans- I portation (bus system). 6 .\ Encourage and support regional efforts to maintain and possibly expand existing transit service I throughout the Township. 0 Efficient Traffic Flow I Design street systems to reduce overall lengths. I Design or redesign street systems to facilitate efficient and safe traffic flow. Reduce the number of intersections and unnecessary traffic controls; make efficient connections with existing I street systems. 3. Reducina Embodied Enerqy Needs Compact, higher-density development has less energy tied up in streets, utilities, and other infra- structures than low-density, detached development. 10-4 6 . Pushkarev, Boris, and Zupan, Jeffrey. Public Transpor- tation and Land Use Policy. Bloomington, Ind.: I Indiana University Press, 1977, p. 41. I I Some things can simply be built smaller. In addition, I excessive design standards waste embodied energy. For example, requirements for parking spaces that are based on older, larger automobile sizes waste asphalt and I energy for construction, as well as money. Some principles for reducing embodied energy needs are as follows : I \ 0 Develop at higher densities where appropriate. I 0 Use narrower cartways where practical. 0 Use fewer and smaller parking spaces and lots ~I where possible. 0 Cluster buildings together to reduce the length of streets and utilities. I 0 Adaptive reuse of existing buildings. I This category includes energy that could be supplied from alternative energy sources, which may include: I (1) sun, wind, and use of available heat from power plants; (2) more efficient generation, conversion, and distribution systems; and (3) small scale power generators, district heating systems, and others. The I ease with which many of these systems can be used depends in part on how land is developed. The -, practicality of using solar energy, for example, is I affected by the amount and location of shadows that are cast by buildings and landscaping. When a district heating system ( a system that supplies heat to buildings from a central source) is being considered, I the density of development must be high enough so that the system is economical. Integrated energy systems that use a variety of energy-conserving technologies I are more practical for developments that have a mixture of uses - i.e., residential, institutional, and 'I commercial. Some recommendations for using alternative energy I sources and systems are as follows: 0 Facilitate the use of district heating or other production and distribution systems by developing at appropriate densities and with greater I integration of uses. 0 Facilitate the use of solar energy systems-by I planning development so that access to sunlight is protected. The arrangement and height of structures and vegetation affect the amount and location of shadows that could block sunlight to I solar collectors. I 10-5 0 Substitute technologies that use renewable energy sources (e.g./ solar, wind) for conventional I building systems (water heating, space con- ditioning, and so on) whenever feasible. I ReQulatinq EnerQy-COnSerVinffDevelopment Practices \ There are three basic approaches to incorporating the types of development options described above into 8 regulations involving increasing levels of stringency. First, regulations that stand in the way of energy- conserving practices can be changed to remove the B barriers. Second, development regulations can be used to encourage energy-conserving practices either by providing incentives or by creating development settings in which they are easier to use. Third, I regulations can require energy-efficiency in new development. I Level 1: Removing Barriers to Energy Conservations Some development regulations and design standards I currently in use stand in the way of energy conservation, usually unintentionally. For example, the installation of solar collectors has been prohibited in some communities by height and aesthetic I regulations. Yard and setback or lot layout specifications in subdivision regulations and zoning can limit flexibility in solar sitting of buildings. I In some cases, design standards are excessive - for example, street width requirements that are gregber than they need to be for adequate safety and traffic I flow. Such standards can actually promote energy waste. Removing regulatory barriers allows developers and consumers to initiate energy-conserving design options without unnecessary hindrance. I Level 2: Encouraging Energy Conservation I Planners and public officials are in a position to actively encourage the use of energy-conserving development practice by providing regulatory I incentives. In the past, local governments have offered developers incentives to provide desired public amenities such as open space, plazas, and better design. The same can be done for energy-conserving I design options. Density bonuses in development fees are examples of carrots that may be offered to developers to make their projects more energy- m efficient. The incentive approach can be applied to almost all of the available practices for saving energy. I 10-6 Level 3: Mandating Energy Conservation The third and toughest approach is to require energy- conserving practices in development. Land-use controls place many kinds of requirements on developers, and many of these address issues that have important energy implications and offer opportunities to make deyelop- ment more energy-efficient. For example, zoning imposes restrictions on building height and setback. This means that zoning can be a tool for requiring that development be designed to protect solar access and that regulations can be imposed to require proper lot and building orientation, landscaping and the like. The police power inherent in development controls offers an excellent opportunity to require many energy- efficient practices in development. I 1 I I I ..-, 10-7 CHAPTER 11 COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT GOALS AND OBJECTIVES 1 In order to prepare a practical comprehensive plan for Londonderry Township, it is necessary to articulate goals and objectives which represent the desires of the citizens for whom the planning is being done. The final plan document is the result of a planning program that seeks to relate, harmonize, and balance the economic, physical, and social functions of the I Township. Upon adoption, the Plan will serve as a long range policy guide for evaluating development proposals-- and other decisions concerning municipal affairs. To this end the I following statements of planning purposes are established: 1. To provide an overall agreed-upon framework of policy within which development proposals can be evaluated by I Township Officials. 2. To provide a framework within which physical planning I for needed facilities and services can be accomplished. 3. To establish long-range development responsibilities and policies to which individuals can prepare and coordinate their plans for development. 4. To establish a consensus on long-term growth potentials, objectives, and priorities so that the Township can undertake development projects based upon logic, realism, coordination, and economy. I In an effort to provide for community input to the planning process, Township residents have been requested to attend and participate in public meetings held by the Township Supervisors and Planning Commission. An additional effort to obtain public comment on both specific issues and general areas of planning consisted of conducting a Community Attitude Survey. A total of 356 survey forms were randomly distributed to property owners and occupants throughout the Township. A total of 117 surveys were completed and returned, resulting in an 33 percent rate of return. The results of this survey were utilized in the preparation of this plan. A copy of the survey form and compilation of results appears as an Appendix to this Plan. Principal Goal of the Plan The fundamental responsibility of local government is to provide for the public health, safety, convenience, morals, and welfare of its citizens. In support of this, the Londonderry Township Comprehensive Plan is designed to achieve the following I principal goal: TO ESTABLISH AND MAINTAIN THE BEST POSSIBLE QUALITY OF LIFE FOR ALL TOWNSHIP RESIDENTS. 11-1 To achieve this primary goal, the Township has established the following specific goals and objectives related to the major elements comprising the Plan. Statement of Communitv Goals and -Objectives A. SOCIAL GOALS 1. Social Services. Develop and support public and private mechanisms to provide social services that adequately meet the unmet or partially served needs of the Township. 2. Health and Environment. To provide availability to all residents of the Township the best health care and environmental quality possible. -- Support local, county, and state organ- izations in overall health planning and the development of health care programs. -- Adopt and enforce ordinances, and support higher governmental programs in such areas as sanitation, air and water pollution, flood plain and stormwater management, and solid waste disposal. -- Preserve and enhance the Township's significant historic and natural landmarks. 3. Housing. Promote decent housing for every resident of the Township in order to meet their physical and psychological needs, and provide the opportunity for all present and future Township residents to live in comfortable, safe, and affordable housing. -- Adopt and enforce codes and ordinances which will eliminate and prevent conditions that contribute to and perpetuate blight in residential areas. -- Continue and expand present efforts which encourage a high level of care and maintenance for residential properties. -- Adopt strategies that expand residential opportunities by encouraging a variety of housing designs, types, and values to meet the residential needs of all segments of the Township's present and future population. 4. Energy. Encourage public and private actions which will decrease the dependence on non- renewable external fuel sources and encourage the use of renewable energy resources. 11-2 -- Adopt policies to reduce the use of non- renewable energy in the heating, cooling, and operation of buildings. -- Adopt policies to reduce energy consumption in the transportation sector. I -- Adopt ordinances containing provisions for the safe and efficient utilization of renewable resources such as wind and solar energy. 5. Recreation. Enhance and enrich the lives of all Township residents by providing the means for a li more stimulating and rewarding use of leisure time. I Adopt and implement a Comprehensive Park and Recreation Plan for the Township. Preserve open space along water courses and I other areas which might be environmentally unsuitable for development by use of restrictive zoning measures and a program of I land acquisition. Provide and maintain sufficient land for open space and recreation for all age groups at I strategic locations that are accessible to residents of the Township. I Cooperate with adjacent municipalities, county and state agencies, and other public/ private groups in their efforts to provide I area-wide recreation opportunities. B. PHYSICAL GOALS 1. Land Use. Provide for a pattern of compatible land uses which is responsive to the needs and desires of the citizens and to the limitations and potentialities of both the natural and man-made environments. -- Create functional environments for each major land use, such as residential, commercial, and industrial, by reserving appropriate areas for their diverse needs. This will facilitate compatible development of adjoining uses, as well as, assure development that is compatible with and sensitive to the physical environment. 11-3 -- Adopt and enforce effective land use standards that minimize conflicts between land uses within the Township and contiguous land in adjacent municipalities. -- Coordinate and interrelate local planning with the plans of adjacent municipalities, the county, region, and state. 2. Transportation. Develop and maintain a community- wide circulation system that provides for the safe, convenient, and efficient movement of'people and goods. -- Continue street upgrading and maintenance programs, with the concentration of mainte- nance activities in areas of greatest need. -- Examine optional traffic patterns and signalization to increase circulation efficiency. -- Provide for the installation and maintenance of sidewalks along appropriate streets, especially along routes traveled by school children. -- Eliminate, as much as possible, on-street parking and driveway intersections along collector streets. -- Establish curbing along streets, when. appropriate. Curbs are important for street maintenance, stormwater collection, and defining the cartway. -- Off-street parking should be provided for all residential uses. -- Ample and convenient off-street parking, loading, and unloading areas should be provided for the public near commercial and office establishments. -- Churches, clubs, and other organizations should provide ample and convenient off- street parking for their respective patrons. -- Encourage bicycling and walking as alterna- tives to motor vehicle transportation. -- Discourage 'thru traffic in residential neighborhoods. 11-4 -- Promote the establishment of increased public transportation accessibility, as needed throughout the Township. -- Traffic circulation must be coordinated with the various land uses to maximize safety and for the efficient movement of goods and people within the Township, as well as, to and from it. C. COMMUNITY FACILITIES AND SERVICES - '\ Provide a complete and adequate system of community facilities and services that is responsive to the needs of the Township's residents and businesses. -- Support adequate levels of police, fire, and ambulance services commensurate with increasing population and business needs. -- Promote adequate public sewage and water services in appropriate areas of the Township. -- Assure satisfactory Township government by providing adequate administrative and maintenance personnel and equipment needs. -- Promote the establishment and maintenance of an effective stomwater management system for appropriate areas of the Township. -- Promote the establishment and maintenance of an effective solid waste collection program for all Township residents and support solid waste. .~ disposal strategies including waste separation and resource recovery activities. D. ECONOMIC GOALS Promote the establishment of an appropriate economic base to provide for adequate employment opportunities, satisfy the need for a variety of commercial goods and business services, and an adequate base of tax ratables to enhance the fiscal capabilities of the Township. -- Support the expansion of employment opportunities at appropriate locations throughout the Township. -- Encourage the continued existence and vitality of the Township's existing industrial/commercial employers and service providers. -- Business and industrial uses should be directed to locate along street corridors capable of handling or of being improved to accommodate anticipated traffic flow. 11-5 -- Commercial, office, and industrial areas should be developed to standards which reflect the best of modern site development and construction practices. li -- Commercial, office, and industrial areas should be protected from the intrusion of incompatible uses. I: 11-6 CHAPTER 12 ENERGY PLAN The Energy Plan Element provides the framework through which community planning objectives and energy conservation implementation strategies are identified and applied. This element proposes specific policies local government officials can implement to attain the conservation of energy in community development, and is intended to provide a specific context to guide Township Officials in selecting appropriate strategies for either short-term or long-term impacts on energy use in the Township. EnerQV Goal and Policies Three basic steps to ensure consideration of energy in community planning are the establishment of goals, policies, and implementation strategies within the comprehensive plan. As set forth in Phase 11, Chapter 11, Community Development Goals and Objectives, the primary energy goal for Londonderry Township is to : "Encourage public and private actions which will decrease dependence on external fuel sources and encourage the use of renewable energy resources.I' Energy policies address the following: 1) Reducing the consumption of non-renewable energy in heating, cooling, and operations of buildings; 2) Reducing energy consumption in the transportation sector; and 3) Adopting and implementing ordinances containing provisions for the safe and efficient utilization of renewable energy resources, as well as, methods and materials of construction to better assure energy conservation. These statements become reference points for the development of implementation strategies to be applied by Township Officials as they proceed with their respective activities and decisions. Planninq Considerations and Implementation Strateqies Local government can use the planning process to make their community's land use patterns more energy efficient. Land, and uses developed on the land, should be managed so as to maximize the conservation of all forms of energy based.on sound planning principles. A principal benefit to be gained by incorporating energy considerations into the planning process is to make energy 12-1 conservation a continuing concern on the part of local officials and private citizens in making decisions. Also, if strategically applied, energy considerations will influence the physical development proposals designated in the comprehensive plan and serve as a basis for including energy-conserving provisions in zoning, subdivision and land development, property maintenance standards, and building and housing codes. Energy conservation implementation strategies are grouped into the following categories: 1 ) Buildings ; 2) Municipal Services; 3) Transportation; 4) Land Use; 5) Alternative Energy Sources; and 6) Citizen Participation. The following implementation strategies are established to achieve the overall Energy Goal and associated implementation policies. Buildinas 1) Adopt and maintain building, housing, and property maintenance codes that include energy conservation standards. Consider operational energy efficiency as part of the initial cost of public buildings. Operate and maintain public buildings to attain maximum acceptable energy efficiency. Retrofit public buildings for more efficient energy consumption. Require the retrofitting of residences and businesses which are being renovated, remodeled or enlarged. Encourage rehabilitation of deteriorating dwellings to maintain their permanence and improve their thermal performance. 7) Establish and enforce appliance efficiency standards through building and housing codes. Establish and enforce energy efficiency resale requirements in the housing code for existing buildings. 12-2 I 9) Elect, by Resolution, to assist the PA Department of I Community Affairs and the PA Department of Labor and Industry in enforcing energy standards established pursuant to the Pennsylvania Building Energy I Conservation Act. Municipal Services I Incorporate opportunities for increasing energy efficiency into the municipal vehicle maintenance and operations program standards of operating procedures. I Encourage energy efficient driving habits among municipal employees. I Operate community buildings and facilities to encourage more intensive and multi-purpose use. Consider energy efficiency when purchasing vehicles, 1 machinery, appliances, and other equipment for public use. I Consider the energy consumption implications of all activities scheduled to take place in municipal buildings to maximize energy conservation. I Design and operate public lighting systems to efficiently utilize energy. I Encourage and coordinate community compost sites to utilize organic waste for garden fertilizer. I Encourage residents to separate paper, cans, and bottles from the rest of their waste and promote recycling activities. Support implementation of the Dauphin County Solid Waste Management Plan for I Recycling and Waste Reduction. Utilize available community energy educational and I technical assistance programs such as those offered by the Pennsylvania Energy Center - Region VI. I Transportation 1) Encourage walking and bicycle riding by improving pedestrian crosswalks and side walks, establishing, I where possible, bicycle paths and lanes, and constructing bike racks at appropriate locations. 1 2) Encourage establishment of a communitywide vanpooling program, and encourage utilization of existing business I and governmentally sponsored carpooling programs. 3) Actively promote, where appropriate, expansion of I transit bus service throughout the Township. I 12-3 4) Continue to improve the effectiveness of existing and future streets and signalization so as to minimize energy consumption. This could be accomplished by improving circulation through the application of contemporary traffic engineering procedures and maintaining an active street improvements program. Land Use 1) Encourage proper site orientation for utilization of solar and wind energy conversion systems. Encourage the planting of trees by both public and private sectors. 3) Permit home occupations, where appropriate. 4) Allow conversion of single family dwellings into multi- family dwellings in appropriate zoning districts. Zone appropriate areas to allow compatible mixed uses. Incorporate energy efficient methods and materials into street design and construction projects. Alternative Enerw Sources Land use planning and development proposals should consider, as a major determinant, the existing and potential capacity of renewable energy sources to yield useful and efficient energy output. Renewable energy sources include water, geothermal heat, solar, and wind. Whenever possible, land conservation and development activities proposed by such plans should utilize renewable energy sources. Encourage solar and wind energy utilization by adopting zoning and subdivision and land development'ordinance provisions which guarantee solar and wind access. Adopt housing and building codes that include energy conservation provisions and solar, wind, and geothermal energy system standards. Reduce legal and institutional barriers to the utilization of alternative energy systems, support consumer protection, and train local officials to effectively administer energy related ordinance provisions. Investigate the feasibility of integrated community energy systems. 12-4 1 1 Citizen Participation 1) Provide for and encourage better public education and awareness of energy issues and techniques of applying I energy conservation practices. 2) Recognize citizen participation as a key factor in the 1 successful implementation of energy conservation at the local level. I 3) Establish an energy conservation committee, comprised of Township residents, that will be responsible for further developing and supporting implementation of the t energy plan. I 1 I II e- I I S I 1 1 I 12-5 I I R CHAPTER 13 TRANSPORTATION PLAN 1 Relation of Future Land Use and Transportation Plans Travel demands on roadways in the Township have a direct relationship to land usage in the Township, especially with respect to non-arterial roadways. Only PA Route 283, PA Route 441, U.S. Route 230 and the Turnpike carry a significant number of trips that have neither an origin nor destination in the Township. The proposed Future Land Use (FLU) Plan shows only a few commercial and industrial areas that would generate significant volumes of work, business or other types of trips. Secondly, based on population projections, residential areas are anticipated to support a population of about 7,000 persons,or 2,350 households in the Year 2000. Although this is a 37 percent increase (from 1980 to 2000) in the number of persons and households, the number of trips generated by these households in the Year 2000 (approximately 23,500) should not have a significant effect on the roadways in the Township, since they will be distributed over the Township's road network. The Township is expected to retain its "bedroom" community character- istics with the peak traffic periods resulting from Township residents' work trips to areas outside of the Township in the morning peak period and return trips in the afternoon peak period. Although spot congestion problems may arise in the future, development within the context of the Future Land Use Plan will not cause wholesale congestion problems throughout the Township. I Functional Classification of Roadwavs The functional classification of roadways is important to planning at the local and regional levels. At the local level functional classification is probably most important in the application of design standards, like cartway widths, to roadways being improved by developers or the Tomship. Every attempt should be made to make the roadway funct'ional classifications of a local comprehensive plan compatible with the regional or county functional classification scheme. In the case of Londonderry Township, the Harrisburg Area Transportation Study (HATS) has an adopted functional classification scheme that should be referenced. The Transportation Plan Map shows the KATS functional classification scheme for the Township. 13-1 The Township currently lies partially within the HATS urban and rural areas. Therefore, there are two HATS classification schemes which have been applied to Township roadways. For the Transportation Plan Section of the comprehensive plan a different scheme, that is fairly consistent with both the HATS urban and rural schemes, is employed. It gives the Township the ability to apply a "Local Collector" classification to roadways that HATS considers "local" but that the Township considers a somewhat higher classification than "local". This scheme and recommended classifications follows: -Arterial -Turnpike -PA 283 -Vine Street (SR 2003)(South of PA 283) -Minor Arterial -U.S. 230 -PA 441 -Vine Street (SR 2003)(North of PA 283) -Major Collector -PA 341 - Colebrook Road -Kinor Collector -Schoolhouse Road (SR 2002 & T494/315)(Vine Street to U.S. 230) -HATS should add section from Turnpike to U.S. 230 as Minor Collector -Round Top Road (PA 341 to Waltonville Road) -Waltonville Road (SR 2005) -Toll House Road (SR 2023) -Local Collector -Round Top Road (Waltonville Road to Steinruck Road) -Steinruck Road (Round Top Road to PA 341) -Swatara Creek Road (Vine Street to U.S. 230) -Deodate Road (SR 2007) -Hertzler Road -Hillsdale Road (SR 2001) -Geyers Church Road (U.S. 230 to PA 441) Transportation Improvements As an integral part of the Township's infrastructure, the transportation system needs continual maintenance and improvement attention. Maintenance and improvement responsibility for roadways in the Township rest with the Township and PennDOT. PennDOT owns and maintains approximately 36 miles of state highways in the Township through a variety of maintenance and improvement programs. The Township can advise PennDOT concerning state highway improvement and maintenance needs through coordination with the District 8-0 Office and with HATS. Since federal funds, administered by PennDOT, are also available for certain local bridge projects, the Township should also coordinate with the District Office regarding these. The following deficiencies/projects in and near the Township have been identified using HATS' information: 13-2 ,I -Brinser Road Bridge over Amtrack -On 3rd four year period of 12 Year Program -On HATS Annual Element for Engineering and Right-of- Way and the Transportation Improvement Program for Construction -Posted 7 ton weight limit; 13 ton combined limit -Cost: $566,000 -On Bridge Bill I -PA 341 Bridge over Iron Run Tributary -Bridge replacement -On 2nd four year period of 12 Year Program -On HATS Annual Element for Engineering and Right-of- Way -Posted 19 ton weight limit; 34 ton combined limit -Cost: $321,000 -On Bridge Bill I1 -Geyers Church Road under Amtrack -Height restriction -Identified by HATS as network obstruction -No programming status The following deficiencies and projects (that concern HATS and PennDOT) were identified by local officials and County planners during the preparation of the Comprehensive Plan: -Intersections -Schoolhouse and Newberry Road Intersection -Realignment -Bridges -Schoolhouse Road Bridge over the Swatara Creek -Bridge Replacement -Would provide good connection between the two partial interchanges on PA 283 at Vine and Union Streets -Responsibility for this project is unclear but could involve the Township, Lower Swatara I' Township and PennDOT I 13-3 Other PennDOT and HATS projects will certainly arise during the period covered by this Comprehensive Plan. This Plan recognizes that the roadway planning, programming and improvement process is constantly changing. Township officials should be cognizant of PennDOT and HATS plans and programs and stay involved in the planning and programming processes. A number of the state highways in the Township have deficient cartway widths, as identified in the Basic Studies Section. PennDOT will bring these roadways up to standard as they are improved in the future. With respect to local roads, of which there is approximately 45 miles, the Township should continue a well-planned multi-year maintenance and improvement program, using Liquid Fuel Tax Receipts and, perhaps, General Funds. New roadways, built by developers, should meet current standards as discussed in the next section. Local road projects, other than routine maintenance, identified by local officials include: -Swatara Creek Road - raise road to prevent flooding -Geyers Church Road - drainage improvements Foxianna Road to Alwine Road and Gingrich Road to PA 441 Hishwav Desiqn Criteria PennDOT provides guidance to municipalities in establishing highway design standards and criteria through its publication Number 70, titled "Guidelines for Design of Local Roads and Streets". The Urban Design Criteria is shown in the Comprehensive Plan as Exhibit 13-1. The Urban, as opposed to Rural, criteria is recommended for two reasons - first, it is anticipated that many parts of the Township will become part of the Harrisburg Urbanized Area and secondly, the criteria will most often be applied to streets in new developments of an urban nature. The current Township cartway and shoulder standards are fairly consistent with the Urban Design Criteria. There is one significant difference, however, which the Township, as is the case with most municipalities, probably does not always consider. Namely, on-street parking must be considered in the planning phase of new streets, and 8-10 foot parking lanes, when needed, should be added to the required cartway width. This changes the overall curb to curb width for a local street from 20 feet to 36 feet where parking will be permitted on both sides. The recommended criteria contained in the comprehensive plan should be considered when updating the Township's Subdivision and Land Development Ordinance. 13-4 EXHIBIT 13-A URBAN DESIGN CRITERIA FUNCTIONAL CLASSIFICATION INTERSTATE 8 OTHER LIMITED ACCESS FPFFWR(S ART ERlALS COLLECTORS LOCAL ROADS Suburban bwniom 5uburbm I3 N'I: IO MPH 60 HI" LO Ik11 5c !!I% 50 Wtl 40 HA1 30 Pavement Yldths 12' fesirable, 10' Hinimm 0 Suburban nd DwnLawri 10' RL. Des. $ 8' Min. @ 10' Desirable, 8' Mlnlmum @ 10' ie:.lrablc, 6' Hinlrmm 8l-4' Paved Lt! 0 ~~ Median Width @ Up to 16', e3 required @ None Surbwban Ibmitom .06'4 . .Obl/l .06'A .O? 9, .02'A .02% 73 HI" 60 HPH P Level 3-T-V W Rolling I venicll Crdes HounL. Ln E Mnlmre Horimntal Desirable 11°30' 2 10 Curvature . tI%&u-n 70 IQ 2 10 3@ 60 wii o MPH 20 HPH -ET 350' %Ti- 200' 215' 293' xx)' P00' 1800' l5m' 1100' 1W' 1130' 1100' ~~~ ~ ~ Guide Rrll M Hsdlan Barrier See LM-2, Chapter 12 See DM-2, Chapter 12 See W2, Chapter 12 See cK2, Chapter 12 Suburban and Downtown huburhan and nnwnlom 30' Left aitd Rlghr 30' LL. 6 Wt.. Der. iiorizontA~Clearance From Edge Uf Pavement 14' LL. 6 HL., Hln. 2' Qltside Curb or Sttldr. 2' Outsldc Curb or SlJdr. From Edge Of Pavement Pavaincwt + Shnuldert Pavement + Shoulder. Pavement + Shnuldrrs Pavemmt + ShuulJeri 00 Or B..luwn Curbs Or Between Curbr Or lrturrn Curbr None 12' Desirable, IC' Kinimw!. 1G' Desirable, 6' llinlmun 10' Deslrable. 8' Wnlmun None s m- , Cl.bp1r.l i SLDH-2, ChapLsr 6 0See Urbon Design Criteria Notes On Page 2.1.03 Of This Manual, EXHIBIT 13-A URBAN DESIGN CRITERIA NOTES CRBANFUNCT~SYSTEM WACTERISTQ 0Desirable minimum grade of 0.75$ on curbed sections. @ Number of lanes as determlned by lane capaclty deslgn for selected level of service. Interstate - Cti,er L,A - 1. Limited access iacilities Freeways @) Eleven (11) foot lanes are acceptable when there are tight lateral controls and when new constructlon will carry light amount of truck traffic (predominately single Unltj. Serves major movement3 tdthln urbanized ueaa @ (he (1) foot offset to curbs is acceptable where runnlng speed permlts, mlniaum width of Integrated, internally and between major or new cowtruction twenty-six (26) feet curb to curb. lbo (2) foot offset to curb deilrrble rural co~ectlons Provldee continuity witn rural arterials @ A six (4) foot median with barrler for two and three lone dlrcctlonal sectloru wlll he lntrrnal service dependent on site of uea acceptable (~4a mlnlmum treatment for ldgnly urbanized Md latGrally restricted arena. Interconnects with and augments urban pdn- 6 Four (4) foot le acceptable for sections with lateral control md with no traffic cipal arterials control devises in the wdian. Ihe deletion of the median in ecceptable for eectlon?, Providea service to moderate length trips uith extremely tight controls. Co~ectsto rurnl maJor collectors at urban boundary @ Eight (8) foot dnirmm parking lanes my be provided, when jutifled. @ Slx (6) foot shoulders may be wed in NgNy urbdrcd and laterally restricted eraan. 1. Provides service & land access Collectom 2. Collects traffic from locals @ Crot.3 slopes of .03'A are desirable for apeeda less than 40 WH. ___I 3. Provides trafflc circulation @ For three or more lanes directional'fscllltlea, the left sl~oulderqur4 ten (10) fret. @ Allow two (2) feet additional (desirable) rdJacent to curbs, one (1) foot mlnlmm. P Comprises &llfaclUties not on Ngher syatm W Provides accesa to land and higher aystsms @ men DHV2250 Trucks, rue fourteen (U)foot right shoulders. Refer to fM-4 for I 3. I~Ntraffic discouraged uldtha hen awdllery lanes pre involved. cn 1 In highly u&dred arad laterally reatrictdd mu, air (6) feet say ba used. bto@ @ on tNr p40 may contra1 UILleft mhoulder width. @ For projocts uhose purpose is to replace a bridge ulth minor madray work, See Noto JERRAIN hral Criteria Notes for bridge widths on pqe 2.1.05. Level terrrLn is that condition where hI&way right dirtmces, u governed by both horiwntal ud vertical reatrlctloru, ue #merallJ lory or nuda a0 without @Use trelve (12) foot right rhoulder (tan (10) foot paved) here DHV 259 or mm tm&a. comtructlon difficulty or major expenses. @ Ch curbed approaches, the bridge width may equal the curb to curb wldth. Rovlalorn Rolling terraln is that condition where the natural slopes consistently rise above for aidewalk on one side shall,be made where pedestriao traffic is posaible. ud fall below the highway grade line and where occasional steep slopes offer some @In curbed ucaa tdth longitudinal slopes of 15 or less, 0.03X cmas alooes may ba restriction to noma1 hignway horizontal and vertical allnment. used on tangents. UUhere paved or curbed parWng lanes exist or hrve been approved for conatructlon Hountdnous terrain is that condition where longitudinal and transverse changes In on epproachea, the clew roadway of the proposed bridge in each CM~will be determined the elevation of t!.c ground wltn respect to a iiiglpay are abrupt and where the by the Central Office hreAU of Highway Design upon receipt of the District Enginoek'r roadbed is obtalnrd by frequent benci.ing or side till1 excavation. 'recomnendat ion. ferraln classlflcati~npertsins t? t1.e general ctarazter of the speclflc route corridor. Roads in valleys Jr phises of mountainous areas tmf nave all t:.e @ Sldeualks preferably shall be on the outside of the parapet and shall meet Department characteristics af mads traversing level or rolling Ltrraln si.ould be cla~sified standards and requlrements. 8s levtl or rullli8g. In gencral, rolling terrain conditions cause tNsks to reduce @ Design spetds less than 30 HF" are recarmended only under special CircInnstancer here to speeds below ticse of passenger cars on some sections 01't.lgr.wey ~d mountdnoui a higher design speed would create unusual problems. terrain c(ruses succ ruck 9perat.ion aL crawl speeds. :I SPlecLlon of slitglr or dual rtructurra shall be mrdr bahrd nii.r)ii economic analvala. LEVEL OF SERVICE 'Such Itrms as rtructurt' lrnsth and uldth. horlzontal and vrrrlcal curvaturr, and ramp. geometrv shall be coiisldervd. CHAPTER 14 COMMUNITY FACILITIES PLAN The Future Land Use Plan illustrates proposed categorical allocations of residential, commercial, industrial, conservation, and agricultural land uses throughout the Township. The Community Facilities Pl'an is intended to provide recommendations and standards to be applied for those facilities and services necessary to support those living, working, and shopping areas. It should be noted that due to the relatively low density development characteristics of the Township, many of the service and facility standards cited in this Plan are not yet practical to achieve. However, as development density and land use composition increase over time, they will provide the basis upon which rational decisions can be made to determine appropriate levels of public support services and facilities. Parks and Recreation The Pennsylvania Municipalities Planning Code requires municipalities such as Londonderry Township that administer ordinances containing provisions requiring dedication of recreation land or payment of a fee in lieu thereof, to formally adopt a comprehensive recreation plan in accordance with definite principles and standards contained in the subdivision and land development ordinance. The National Recreation and Park Association (NRPA) has established a park classification system that is intended to serve as a guide to planning - not as an absolute blueprint. It recommends that a park system, at a minimum, be composed of a "core" system of park lands. As reflected in the Parks and Recreation Section of Chapter 8, Community Facilities and Services, the Township has e'stablished the foundation of what E could be developed into a park system as development occurs. Sunset Park serves as the community park for the Township, with community level recreation needs further supplemented by i facilities and programs available at the Londonderry Elementary School. Brae-Burn Park functions at an intermediate level, as a neighborhood park servicing residents of adjacent Brae-Burn I Development, as well as a smaller scale community park servicing other Township residents. Sunset Golf Course, owned and maintained by the Township, is a public recreation enterprise I that will continue to provide specialized recreational opportunities on a more area-wide scope and also generate its own financial support through user fees. Both the neighborhood and community park capacities are expected to expand as development 1 activity is managed through administration of the recreation provisions contained in the subdivision and land development ordinance. The conservation areas delineated on the Future Land 1 Use Map should be targeted to provide sites for future expansion of public recreation opportunities within the Township. I a 14-1 The National Recreation and Park Association Guidelines emphasize that recreation planning and the provision of recreation facilities are not necessarily undertaken by one agency. Parks under the control of county, state, and federal government agencies, schools, and private interests must all be considered in the provision of adequate recreation opportunities. It is recommended that the Township prepare and adopt a comprehensive park and recreation plan to provide a thorough evaluation of the recreational opportunities in Londonderry Township, identify any current deficiencies, and effectively plan for the recreation needs of Township residents in the future. As indicated by the Community Attitude Survey, 59 percent of those responding ranked recreation as adequate to very adequate, while only 9 percent ranked it’ very inadequate. It is further recommended that the following NRPA basic recreation policy areas be considered for inclusion in the plan: 0 Opportunities for All 0 Proper Legal Framework 0 Resource Evaluation 0 Advance Acquisition Planning 0 Demand Projections 0 Defined Levels of Responsibility 0 Proper Distribution of Sites 0 Flexibility in Design 0 Accessibility 0 Quality of the Site 0 Citizen Involvement 0 Relationships With Other Agencies 0 School - Park Coordination 0 Park and Recreation Land Protection To assist in this effort, the Township should utilize the Township Park and Recreation Board and technical assistance available from the Pennsylvania Department of Community Affairs. Police Protection It is difficult to establish realistic standards for police protection which apply to all municipalities since the need will be determined by a combination of factors such as area, density and land use patterns, crime rates, and socio-economic factors; all of which differ from one municipality to another. However, the Institute of Local Government at the University of Pittsburgh has established the following general guidelines which could be applied in degermining the size of a municipal police force: 0 1.75 to 2.00 policemen per 1,000 population 0 at least one patrol car per 5,000 population It is apparent that the Township does not have the population or economic base to support its own police force, however, if it was affordable the current population would warrant a force of about 8 policemen and one patrol car. Using 14-2 population projections for the year 2000, a force of about 12 policemen would be required. Until it is affordable to establish and maintain a municipal police force, the Township must continue to rely upon the Pennsylvania State Police. The possibility of joining with neighboring municipalities to establish a joint I-1 municipal police force, or contracting such services, shouid be investigated by Township officials as options to providing localized police protection. Approximately 46 percent of those ! responding to the Community Attitude Survey ranked police protection as adequate to very adequate, with about 21 percent ranking it as very inadequate. I Fire Protection The American Insurance Association recommends the following standards to be applied in determining adequate municipal-wide fire protection. 0 Service Area - No more than 0.75 miles from a pump and ladder company for business districts, 1.5 miles for residential areas, and four miles for areas with homes 1 100 feet or more apart. 0 Fire Companies - A fire company should consist of at least seven men and one piece of motor equipment. 0 Equipment - One ladder company per 20,000 population where there are five buildings or more having a three- story height or greater. 0 Pumper and Tank Truck - A 1,500 gallon per minute pumping capacity in higher value areas. Providing the Londonderry Fire Company's equipment is maintained in good working order, manpower resources are maintained, and mutual emergency response reliability with neighboring municipalities is retained, the above noted standards are satisfied. As higher density residential development occurs and more intensive non-residential uses 'I expand, commensurate upgrading and expansion of fire protection equipment, vehicle, and manpower resources will be required. Fire protection was ranked adequate to very adequate by 95 I percent of those responding to the Community Attitude Survey, while no residents ranked it as very inadequate. t Sewaqe Collection and Treatment Service The current extent of sewage systems, collection, and treatment is limited to the 5 mobile home parks located in the 8 Township. The Pine Manor, Crestview, and Cedar Manor Mobile Home Parks have sewerage collection systems with treatment and discharge via package treatment plants. The Geyer and Highland 8 Mobile Home Parks also have sewerage collection systems, however, waste water discharge is treated by community subsurface systems. I 14-3 It is estimated that about 400 equivalent dwelling units are serviced by these systems. The remainder of the Township's residential and non-residential establishments rely on individual on-lot systems to treat their waste water discharges. The Township has an approved Official Sewage Plan which establishes 3 public sewer districts and 2 on-lot management districts. Sewer District #1 is to be serviced by the proposed Derry Township Sewage Treatment Plant to be located in Lower Swatara Township. Londonderry Township has requested to purchase and reserve a capacity of 40,000 gallons per day from this plant. Sewer District #2 is proposed to be serviced by the existing Middletown Sewage Treatment Plant. Sewer District #3 is to be serviced by a future sewage treatment plant to be located along the Conewago Creek near the confluence with Lynch Run. The Plan calls for the following implementation strategy: 0 identify all malfunctioning on-site systems and take corrective action; 0 enact an "On-Site Management District Ordinance" and implement immediately; 0 implement a well monitoring program as part of the ordinance; 0 begin talks with Middletown Borough Authority to provide sewage treatment as stipulated in the joint Borough/Township agreement adopted in 1973; 0 revise the subdivision and land development ordinance to require capped sewers in all major developments and require monetary deposit in-lieu -of capped sewers in all other developments; and, 0 authorize the preparation of plans for construction of the sewerage system in Sewer Districts #2 and #3 located between the Pennsylvania Turnpike and Route 230. Construction should begin as soon as funding is available. It is recommended that the Township continue to require developers to provide the basic sewerage infrastructure for their developments. It is further recommended that as the sewer district areas establish and expand their service area, those residents and businesses having on-lot systems be required to connect to the public system as soon as it is feasible. Also, upgrading of deficient segments of the existing mobile home park systems should be accomplished promptly by park owners. As indicated in the community attitude survey, 36 percent of those answering this question ranked public sewerage service as adequate to very adequate, while about 14 percent ranked it as somewhat inadequate and 50 percent ranked it as very inadequate. Water Service Public water service within the Township is provided by the Borough of Middletown, through mains in the Borough of Royalton, to 12 homes located along Water Street (T-700) and Route 441. The Borough of Middletown maintains a reservoir and intake on 14-4 Iron Mine Run, just north of the Pennsylvania Turnpike. The line from this intake to the Borough does not supply any connections in Londonderry Township. The mobile home parks are served by non-public water supply systems, which are supplied by wells located within the park boundaries. Approximately 428 dwelling units are serviced by these systems. This constitutes about 20 percent of the Township's total housing stock. The remaining residential and non-residential establishments rely on individual on-lot wells. Although the Township has not yet prepared a detailed water supply plan, the Dauphin County Water Supply Plan proposes the extension of water service from the Borough of Middletown to service portions of Sewer District #2 along Iron Mine Road, Lauffer Road, Swatara Creek Road, Houser Road, Mill Road , Cola Road, Locust Lane, and segments of Route 230, Colebrook Road, Newberry Road, Roundtop Road, and Vine Street. It also proposes that segments of Route 441, Geyers Church Road, Gingrich Road, Pecks Road, Zion Road, Hillsdale Road, Foxiana Road, Felker Road, and the developments of Maple Acres, Hillside Acres, and Londonderry Manor be serviced by extensions through the Borough of Royalton. The Plan proposes water service to be extended from Derry Township to service development along Waltonville Road, and portions of Roundtop Road, Steinrock Road and Snavely Road. Obviously, where extensions of existing systems are not feasible, new systems will have to be established. It is recommended by this Plan that the Township discuss the feasibility of future water service being extended into the Township with the Middletown Borough Authority, as well as the water supply company servicing development in Derry Township which is occurring in close proximity to Londonderry Township. Provisions are contained in the Township Subdivision and land Development Ordinance which require developers to provide the basic water supply infrastructure for their developments and, where applicable, coordinate these activities with the appropriate water supply company or authority and the Township. Water quality degradation resulting from septic system malfunctions can be alleviated through the provision of public sewerage service. Because it is anticipated that a majority of Township residences and businesses will continue to rely on subsurface systems into the foreseeable future, implementation of the proposed on-lot sewage management ordinance is extremely important in efforts to maintain ground water and surface water quality standards. As reflected in the community attitude survey, 41 percent of those answering this question rank their water service as adequate to very adequate, while about 8 percent ranked it very inadequate. Because about 97 percent of the dwellings receiving their water through a distribution system are located in mobile home parks, it is assumed the majority of those responding to this question are mobile home park residents. It is therefore recommended that as existing deficiencies are identified within 14-5 the mobile home park water systems, they should be promptly upgraded by the park owners. Solid Waste Disposal Current solid waste collection services are contracted on an individual basis, with Township residents selecting their particular hauler to provide waste pick-up and disposal. The Dauphin County Intermunicipal Solid Waste Authority is in the process of bringing the existing County Solid Waste Management Plan into compliance with the Pennsylvania Solid Waste Management Act. When the Plan is approved by the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Resources and adopted by the County, each municipality must adopt a waste management ordinance to implement it. The Township should follow this planning process closely, provide input when requested, and actively support its implementation when approved. Of particular importance is. Township support of the County's waste reduction and recycling goals. The Township should immediately begin encouraging local residents and businesses to separate appropriate waste materials and deposit them at one of the several recycling centers located in the Harrisburg area. About 72 percent of those responding to the Community Attitude Survey ranked solid waste collection as adequate to very adequate, and 17 percent ranked it as somewhat inadequate to very inadequate. 14-6 CHAPTER 15 HOUSING PLAN One of the most critical components of a Comprehensive Plan . is the strategy for improving the condition and supply of housing in the Township. The primary objectives of a housing program are to improve and protect the status of existing dwellings, assure stable future housing development, and provide assurances-that a variety of housing will be available for all age groups and income levels. In order to achieve these objectives a series of housing strategies must be developed, and impartially and systematically implemented. The traditional program approach to housing rehabilitation and redevelopment can be effectively applied by local governments to meet overall housing needs. Such a program is comprised of three fundamental techniques: a. Conservation - This technique is directed toward the prevention of blighted conditions and should be applied to those areas of the Township with little or no existing blight. Conservation involves continued maintenance of structures and properties, repair of deteriorated structures, repair or removal of dilapidated structures and conditions, and enforcement of housing and/or building code standards. b. Rehabilitation - This technique is directed toward the revitalization of more deteriorated areas by turning them into sound, healthy neighborhoods. This is accomplished by the use of an areawide renovation plan and facilitating rehabilitation activities of deteriorated structures and properties. C. Redevelopment - This technique is directed toward the removal of severely blighted areawide conditions through the combined use of clearance, conservation, and rehabilitation methods. In a redevelopment project, property is normally acquired by a public body, demolished and/or substantially modified, and sold to an agency to improve in accordance with an approved plan. This approach, although the most costly and time consuming, is the most comprehensive method of eliminating blight. A prerequisite to effectively applying any of these techniques is the adoption and enforcement of adequate codes and ordinances. Such codes and ordinances include building, housing, plumbing, mechanical and electrical, property maintenance, and zoning. The building code sets forth standards with which the builder must comply to produce sound initial construction or alterations of structures. The housing code ensures that existing and future dwellings will meet minimum quality of life standards for building habitation. Fire prevention, mechanical 15-1 and electrical, and plumbing codes set forth minimum safety and adequacy standards for the building infrastructure. The property maintenance code ensures that properties are properly maintained by establishing minimum standards governing the overall maintenance, appearance, condition, and occupancy of a premise. The zoning ordinance further assists in the preservation of housing qualities by controlling the establishment of compatible land uses in conjunction with residential uses. There are two major facets to the maintenance of sound housing: one is the building's structural quality, and the other is the quality of neighborhood environment. It must be realized that even a well constructed and maintained dwelling in a poorly maintained neighborhood will ultimately become adversely affected by the deteriorated environment around it. Influences that blight a residential area affect the worst and best housing alike. It is therefore imperative that each homeowner and renter become conscientiously involved with the upkeep of the entire neighborhood and Township. Prior to proposing implementation strategies for the Housing Plan, significant population, housing, and socio-economic characteristics must be considered, as follows: a. Residential uses of all types consume approximately twelve (12) percent of the Township's total land area, or about 2,100 land parcels. b. Concentrations of residential development occur along existing roads throughout the Township. Clearly identifiable concentrations of residential development more specifically occur at the Cedar Manor, Highland, Pine Manor, Geyer's, and Crestview Mobilehome Parks; as well as the Londonderry Manor, Londonderry Estates, Brae-Burn, Red Hill Heights, Round Top Manor, and Hillside Acres developments. C. The predominant residential unit design in the Township is the single family-detached dwelling, comprising about 53 percent of the total housing stock. This is followed by mobile homes, which comprise about 41 percent of the total housing stock. d. About 27 percent of the Township's housing stock was constructed prior to 1950, or over 39 years ago. There are no significant concentrations of these older units, they are dispersed throughout the Township. e. Only about 0.9 percent of all occupied dwellings lacked complete plumbing in 1980; approximately 4.5 percent lacked a full-bathroom or had only a half bath; and about 4.3 percent lacked complete kitchen facilities. f. Approximately 3.3 percent of the occupied dwellings could be considered overcrowded in 1980 (dwellings averaging more than one person per room). 15-2 g. 1980 Census data indicates that of the total number of housing units in the Township, 7.1 percent were vacant. h. The Township has been experiencing positive growth in population over the past 40 years. Population growth has been projected to increase by about 19 percent between 1980 and 1990, and by almost 16 percent between 1990 and 2000. i. The senior citizen population increased by about 83 percent between 1970 and 1980, to currently comprise about 7 percent of the total Township population base. j- The age/sex composition of Township residents is well suited to sustain continued growth. Both the primary childbearing female age group and the age group most eligible for marriage and household formation have increased substantially between 1970 and 1980. k. 1980 Census data indicates that about 7.6 percent of the population and about 5 percent of the families living in the Township fall below poverty level. 1. It is estimated that vacant or undeveloped land parcels comprise approximately 23 percent of all land parcels and about 30 percent of the total and area of the Township. Taken at face value, it appears that the Township has sufficient land area to accommodate a considerable amount of future development. However, when such factors as lack of public sewer and water service, soils suitability for on-lot septic systems, bedrock geology capacity to produce adequate well yields, and other environmentally sensitive natural characteristics are taken into full account, it can be anticipated that the amount of land totally suitable for development will be substantially reduced. m. Results of the Community Attitude Survey conducted in the Township indicate that about 8 percent of the respondents felt that housing conditions were very good, 56 percent felt they were good, 32 percent felt they were fair, and only 0.8 percent felt they were poor. Likewise about 85 percent felt the Township was a very desirable or somewhat desirable place to live, while 9 percent felt it was a somewhat undesirable place to live, and only 0.8 percent felt that it was a very undesirable place to live. Housina Plan Implementation Strateaies The primary goal of this Chapter is to identify methods to accommodate the Township's and SMSA's expanding population base by enhancing the quantity and quality of existing housing stock, as well as, assure quality construction methods and materials for 15-3 I future housing development. The following strategies are set forth to accomplish this goal: I a. Areas having concentrations of older dwellings should be designated as target areas for housing rehabilita- tion programs, with an attempt to be made to obtain adequate funding from local resources, as well as, from appropriate county, state, and federal assistance programs. Such funding can be applied for through the Dauphin County Housing and Redevelopment Authority. Funding assistance may also be applied for directly from the Pennsylvania Department of Community Affairs, which administers the Pennsylvania Small Communities Program. Eligible funding activities for this Program include: 1) economic development, 2) community facilities, and 3) housing. While this is the most popular assistance program, there are numerous other programs available for similar project purposes that the Township should utilize. b. Because a substantial number of existing dwellings were constructed more than 38,years ago, the Township should encourage residents to utilize residential weatherization and energy conservation techniques and programs that are available. This would not only protect the structure and its contents from weather impacts, but would also reduce energy consumption and reduce energy costs. This is particularly important for the lower income and fixed income senior citizen segments of the Township's population. C. A comprehensive set of codes and ordinances that regulates the minimum acceptable conditions of use, construction, location, additions and alterations, repair, and maintenance of properties within the Township should be systematically adopted and properly enforced. The purpose of these codes and ordinances is to prescribe adequate standards of health, safety, convenience, and welfare for the residents and should include the following: 1) Building Code 5) Existing Structures Code 2) Housing Code 6) Property Maintenance Code 3) Electrical Code 7) Zoning Ordinance 4) Plumbing Code 8) Subdivision and Land Development Regulations d. Continued support of codes enforcement and administration activities; staffed with personnel qualified in all aspects of codes and ordinance administration. Encourage and support staff training and educational activities necessary to maintain proficiency in enforcement and administration. 15-4 e. Encourage the participation of a cross-section of residents in Township planning and development activities. Support the creation and continued functioning of civic and business organizations to assist local officials in planning for the Township's future . f. . Encourage and support the establishment of public and private partnerships, as may be necessary, to provide political and financial support of improvement projects. In this manner, developers will play a more effective role in financially supporting the infrastructure necessary to service the Township's expanding residential, as well as, commercial and industrial bases. g. Opportunities should be provided to permit the x\ establishment of a variety of housing types at varying price ranges. High density development, however, should be limited to those areas capable of being serviced with public sewerage and water systems. Areas proposed for low, medium, and high density residential development are depicted on the Future Land Use Plan. , 15-5 CHAPTER 16 FUTURE LAND USE PLAN The FI ture Land Use Plan is intended to fi nction as an overall guide for the development of Londonderry Township. It is the culmination of a planning effort seeking to establish a land use pattern which best illustrates the desired future development character of the Township in keeping with the Plan's Community Development Goals and Objectives. It is intended that the Plan's application of these goals and objectives will result in compatible land use relationships, appropriate distribution of community facilities, designation of acceptable residential densities, expansion of the Township's employment and economic bases, protection of existing agricultural activities, and preservation of environmentally sensitive areas. Therefore, the primary purpose of the Future Land Use Plan is to coordinate all facets of future development, and resulting impacts, into a composite picture of the Township at a point in time when development is deemed complete. An inherent value of the Plan is its potential for motivating property owners and developers toward achieving what is conceived as being the highest and best use of land with the best interests of the community-at-large in the forefront. The right of a property owner to determine the use of his or her land must be protected, but not to the complete disregard of the neighbor's right to security of investment and quality of life. Development Relationships With Adjacent Municipalities The land use relationships between the development of Londonderry Township and plans in its contiguous municipalities were evaluated and considered during preparation of the Future Land Use Plan. As illustrated on the Future Land Use Map, Londonderry Township is bordered by Lower Swatara Township, Middletown Borough, and Royalton Borough to the west; Derry Township to the north; Conewago Township to the east; and the Lancaster County municipalities of West Donegal Township and Conoy Township to the south. The Swatara and Conewago Creeks create substantial buffers, as well as formidable obstacles to development expansion which would interact between Londonderry Township and Middletown Borough, Lower Swatara Township, Conoy Township, and West Donegal Township. Impacts of development interaction are more likely to occur between the Township and Royalton Borough, Derry Township and C-onewago Township, because no such natural buffers or barriers exist along these borders. The residential and agricultural land use patterns established along the Township's borders with these municipalities are compatible and therefore no adverse development impacts are expected to be created. 16-1 The broad expanse of the Susquehanna River completely separates the York County municipalities to the west from the major land mass of Londonderry Township. Incompatible land use impacts are considered very minimal to non-existent along this portion of the Township's border. This assumption is primarily based on the continuation of safe and efficient clean-up efforts associated with the Three-Mile Island Nuclear Generating Station accident which occurred in 1979, and continued safe operation of the Unit 1 Reactor facility which is currently on-line and generating electricity. Location, Character and Timins of Growth The location, character and timing of growth in Londonderry Township were important factors in determining the land use patterns illustrated on the Future Land Use Map. Of these three elements, the timing of growth is the most difficult to control because of the influence the market place has on development trends in terms of land uses, and the point in time when a particular land use is deemed suitable to be established by the property owner at a given location. The sewerage service time frames and sewer district locations set forth in the Township Sewerage Plan assisted in determining the locations of greater density land uses which require such service. The possible water service extensions into the Township from Derry Township to the north and Middletown Borough to the west also had significant locational influence. Because high density land uses depend upon the provision of such water and sewer services, their availability will also influence the timing of development in these areas. Approximate sewerage service time frames are as follows: Sewer District No. 2: 1 to 5 years Sewer District No. 1: 5 to 10 years Sewer District No. 3: 10 to 20 years The nearest and most immediate source of public water service is from the Borough of Middletown. The Borough Authority maintains a reservoir in Londonderry Township in close proximity to those areas of the Township designated for high density development. It is recommended that the Township include possible water service extensions from the Borough, or directly from the reservoir, as an agenda item during negotiations to renew the water service contract between the Township and Borough. The establishment of water service corridors for the commercial areas and multi-family area abutting Route 230, and to the north along Swatara Creek Road to service the commercial, office park, and multi-family areas around the Vine Street Extended interchange with Route 283 will greatly enhance short- term development opportunities, in particular expansion of the Township's limited economic base. The longer range strategy would involve waiting for water service installation as development extends south from.Derry Township. The water service 16-2 franchise is held by the Pennsylvania American Water Company, which currently serves a large residential development under construction and located less than one mile from the Vine Street/Route 283 Interchange. The remainder of the Township is divided into two very large on-lot management Districts. The character of development proposed in these areas is low-density residential and agricultural. Development will continue to rely on individual wells and on-lot sewage systems. The pace and intensity of development in these areas will also be dictated by the environmental constraints identified in Chapter 2, Natural Environment. The geographic arrangement of major future land use classifications are illustrated on the Future Land Use Map. These classifications are as follows: Residential Industrial Low/Medium Density Public/Semi-Public High Density Conservation Commercia 1 Agriculture Office Park LAND USE CONCEPTS Residential Land Uses Recognizing the need to provide for a variety of residential living environments and expand residential opportunities in the Township, several residential classifications have been created. The predominant residential dwelling design in the Township is the single-family detached dwelling house. It is traditionally the most desired type of dwelling and comprises about 70 percent of the total dwelling stock in the Township. Therefore, the greatest land area is devoted to this type of land use. For the purpose of adding flexibility to future zoning district configurations, the low-density and medium density land l uses are combined into one large classification. It is proposed to contain about 31 percent of the total Township land area. It is recommended that when updated, the medium density residential E districts created on the zoning map be located in Sewer Districts 1 and 2 to take advantage of logical sewerage service extensions, when such service is established. Low-Density I residential districts should be targeted for location in the on- lot management districts and Sewer District No. 3, where such service is not anticipated in the near future. A sizeable amount of residual undeveloped land has been included in the Residential li Low/Medium Density classification to permit future expansion. The Residential High Density land use areas are proposed to 1 be located in Sewer Districts 1 and 2, where public services will be most immediately available. It is proposed that this 8 classification comprise approximately three percent of the total 16-3 I Township land area, or about 400 acres. These areas can be expanded in the future, as public sewer and water services become available and development pressures increase. A prerequisite to multi-family development will be the provision of public water and sewer services. Recommended density ranges for residential development are: Low Density : 1 to 3 acres per dwelling unit. Medium Density: 2 to 3 dwelling units per acre with the provision of public sewer and water services. High-Density : 4 to 8 dwelling units per acre with the provision of public sewer and water services. Commercial Land Uses The purpose of this classification is to provide for the establishment of businesses to partially serve the wholesale, retail, and personal service needs of Township residents and the travelling public. Commercial areas are strategically located throughout the Township to provide convenient access from major transportation routes and areas targeted for residential development. It is recommended that this classification comprise approximately 5 percent of the total Township area. It should also be noted that commercial areas are intermittently disbursed along Route 230 in an effort to avoid interference with traffic movements and utilize minor street access to the major collector routes. Office Park The purpose of this land use classification is to provide for increased employment opportunities in the Township and enhance its economic base. The two areas identified for development are located adjacent to the Vine Street/Route 283 interchange, the major collector interchange in the Township, to provide direct access and avoid traffic intrusion into residential areas. This area is also projected to receive public sewerage service within the next 5 to 10 years and thereby permit greater intensity of use. It is proposed that the Office Park classification initially comprise about 1 percent of the total Township land area, or about 150 acres. Industrial Land Uses Industrial development opportunities in the Township have been very limited to date. This classification has therefore been expanded in area to provide increased development and employment opportunities and enhance the Township's economic base. The areas are located adjacent to Route 230 to permit convenient access and avoid intrusion into residential development areas. It is proposed that this classification comprise about 1 percent of the total Township land area, or about 110 acres. 16-4 Public/Semi-Public Land Uses This land use classification identifies land areas of the Township intended to support such activities and facilities as t recreation, municipal services, public utility enterprises, and education under public or semi-public ownership and control. As the development process occurs throughout the Township it is iP expected that land areas and facilities, primarily recreation in nature, will be set aside by developers and dedicated to government ownership. As a result, the Public/Semi-Public land area will be periodically expanded and incorporated into the Future Land Use Plan. It is recommended that the Township prepare and adopt a comprehensive park and recreation plan to coordinate the appropriate and timely expansion of recreation opportunities in the Township. At such time as additional school site acquisition is deemed necessary by the Lower Dauphin School District, proper coordination with the Township to reflect any new sites or expansion areas on the Future Land Use Plan is recommended. Conservation Areas The purpose of this land use classification is to provide for the conservation of the steep-sloped, forested, flood plain, I and other areas of the Township that are most environmentally sensitive to development. As a result of this commitment to preservation, the most restrictive development limitations will be imposed. It is further proposed that these areas be targeted for future expansion of recreation opportunities for Township residents. The Conservation classification is proposed to comprise about 13 percent of the total Township land area, or about 1,800 acres. ‘1 Aqriculture Land Uses: Development pressures, over the years, have resulted in a reduction in the amount of agricultural land in active farm uses. This continues to be the case, as landowners decide to change the use of their land to non-agricultural uses. In order to perpetuate active farming in Londonderry Township and avoid increasing development pressures in such areas, the Agricultural Iff classification has been established as an element of the Future Land Use Plan. This area is intended to be protected from intensive residential development through zoning restrictions ‘I that will benefit the farmer. It is proposed that this area comprise approximately 40 percent of the total Township land area, or about 5,500 acres. t 16-5 TABLE 16 - 1 FUTURE LAND USE: LAND USE ACREAGE* Londonderry Township Use Cateqorv Acrease Percent of Land Area Residential 4,900 34% Low/Medium Density 4,500 31% High Density 400 3% Commercial 650 5% Office park 150 1% Industrial 110 1% Public/Semi-Public 1 ,100 7% Conservation 1 ,800 13% Agriculture 5,500 39% TOTAL AREA 14 ,210 100% * Figures represent gross acreage 16-6 CHAPTER 17 PLAN ADMINISTRATION AND IMPLEMENTATION Plan Administration Plan administration involves a variety of supporting activities. The most influential aspect of which is the sincere commitment and continuous support of local officials to achieve the goals and objectives set forth in the comprehensive plan. It is imperative that local officials and the citizens of the Township fully realize the implications of such a planning commitment. Such a commitment requires the effective utilization of human resources to carry out the administrative, procedural, and regulatory aspects of maintenance and.implementation of the comprehensive plan, as well as, providing adequate financial appropriations targeted for supportive purposes. It is recommended, therefore, that the Township take full advantage of available federal, state, regional, and county resources. These various levels of government maintain professional staffs that are available to provide valuable technical assistance to local governments, and also offer a variety of grant and loan programs to provide financial aid. Two University campuses located in the Tri-County Region function as valuable technical resources for local governments. The Pennsylvania State University Campus, located in Lower Swatara Township, Dauphin County, maintains a graduate level curriculum in Public Administration and the Institute for State and Regional Affairs. The staff office of the Pennsylvania State Data Center of the U.S. Bureau of Census is also located on this campus. The University and these organizations have an abundance of planning/administrative reference materials and resources in their staffs, professors, and students that the Township may utilize for technical assistance. Shippensburg University, located in Shippensburg, Cumberland County, maintains undergraduate and graduate level planning and local government administration related curriculums that could also provide assistance to the Township in managing municipal affairs. In particular, the University maintains the Center for Local and State Governments which is located on campus. Technical assistance and services are available to local governments. As reflected in Chapter 9, Municipal Administration and Finances, the Township has established and maintained the primary administrative and financial commitments within its means to support the comprehensive planning process in Londonderry Township. This commitment is further reinforced through the recent comprehensive planning efforts resulting in this updated document. Plan Implementation Implementation of the comprehensive plan is achieved through the creation of appropriate staff positions and adoption of 17-1 regulatory devices in the forms of codes and ordinances. Of utmost importance is the appointment of a codes enforcement officer(s) to administer and enforce local regulations. The specific powers of the enforcement officer(s) must be clearly setforth in each code and ordinance, or by appropriate reference thereof, so that there is no question of legal authority to act on behalf of the Township Board of Supervisors. Several codes and ordinances require additional appointed personnel to carry out specified administrative functions, such as the Zoning Hearing Board, Board of Appeal, Board of Survey, and Planning Commission. In all instances appointed officials must be competent and dedicated to carrying out their assigned responsibilities. 'In turn, the local governing body must appropriately support its appointed officials and provide them with encouragement to serve conscientiously. Londonderry Township has expressed its commitment to plan implementation by creating and maintaining administrative staff positions and a comprehensive set of mutually supportive codes and ordinances to achieve the goals and objectives of the comprehensive plan. The following plan implementation related codes and ordinances are currently in effect in the Township: Code/Ordinance Title Date Adopted/Revised Subdivision and Land Development Regulations 10-56/3-88 BOCA Basic Building Code 2-74 Zoning Ordinance ' 5-78/6-84 BOCA Basic/National Existing Structures Code 7-86 Sewage Facilities Ordinance 7-75 Stormwater Management Ordinance 7-87 Junkyard Ordinance 12-75 Open Burning Ordinance 6-66 Nuisance Prohibited Ordinance 11-84 Vector Control Ordinance 6-86 Road Encroachment Ordinance 6-74 Planning Commission Ordinance 7-63 Emergency Management Ordinance 1-81 Codification of Ordinances 6-84 It is recommended that the Township continuously apprise itself of the periodic code supplements published by the BOCA organization and take appropriate action to update the existing codes of the Township, as deemed necessary. BOCA Codes recommended for adoption consideration by the Township include the Energy Conservation Code, Mechanical Code, One and Two Family Dwelling Code, and Housing Code. It is recommended that the Township Zoning Ordinance and Subdivision and Land Development Regulations be reviewed and updated as necessitated by amendments to the Pennsylvania Municipalities Planning Code, Act 247, and for the purpose of consolidating miscellaneous amendments into a single text. 17-2 As a result in adjustments to the Future Land Use Map, it is recommended that appropriate Zoning Map amendments be adopted. It is further recommended that the Zoning Text be reevaluated to: a) determine its suitability to implement the updated Comprehensive Plan, and b) incorporate new and appropriate organization, classifications, and standards to applicable provisions. Capital Improvements Proqram Successful plan implementation also requires an effective capital improvements programming process to ensure that plans for community facilities and services are carried out. Such a program can also allow improvement proposals to be tested against a set of adopted policies and goals; better schedule public improvements that require more than one year to complete; provide the opportunity to purchase land before costs go up; provide for long-range financial planning and management; help stabilize tax rates through proper debt management; offer an opportunity for citizens and public interest groups to participate in decision making; and contribute to more effective and efficient management of municipal affairs. A capital improvement is normally considered any nonrecurring expenditure or any expenditure for physical facilities associated with a governmental body, including costs for acquisition of land or interests in land; construction and major alterations to buildings or other structures; street construction or utility installation; fixed equipment; landscaping; and other similar expenditures. A capital improvement budget is a list of projects together with the amounts and sources of funding for the coming fiscal or calendar year. It is normally included in the capital improvement section of the annual municipal budget. A capital improvement program is a multi-year schedule of projects, and the planned budgeted expenditures necessary to finance them. The program normally covers a six-year period; the upcoming budget year and a five-year period beyond. It is customary to prepare a capital improvement budget and capital improvement program annually; revising the program, as necessary and adopting the budget annually as part of the regular municipal operating budget. This method is recommended to the Township Board of Supervisors to assure that a financial plan is provided for the realization of comprehensive plan recommendations. Due to the procedure of annual review and revisions to the budget and program, it is recommended that the Capital Improvement Program adopted pursuant to this Plan not be included in the text, but maintained as a separate supporting document to be evaluated and revised on an annual basis. 17-3 AP P EbJD IX C0lM"I"Y ATTITUDE SURVEY LONDONDERRYTOWNSHIP TOTAL SURVEYS 117 COMPREHENSIVE PLAN June 9, 1989 The Londonderry Township Planning Commission is currently updating the Township's Comprehensive Plan, which will present, for the Township Supervisor's consideration, recommendations on the future growth and overall improvement of conditions within the Township. As the Plan develops, decisions will be made that affect all Township residents. This survey is a way for you to provide an opinion on some of these planning areas. Please answer all the following questions as they may apply to you, and return the survey in the enclosed self-addressed stamped envelope. It is important that we receive your completed survey as soon as possible. Kenneth Witmer Melvin Hoke Chairman of the Board Planning Commission of Supervisors Chairman In answering the following questions, circle the answer which best describes your feeling or fill in the blank space (as indicated). 1. How do you feel about the Township as a place to live? Very desirable 742 Very undesirable -1 Somewhat desirable -58 No opinion -04 Somewhat undesirable -10 No reply -02 2. Are you familiar with the content and purpose of a Comprehensive Plan? Yes -30 No -85 No reply -02 3. Would you be interested in learning more about your planning commission's activities? Yes -100 No -14 No reply -03 4. How familiar are you with the different types of services provided to you by the Township? Very familiar 11 Somewhat familiar 62 Not familiar 41 No reply 703 5. How do you feel about the following services (as they apply to you)? Verv Somewhat Very No AdequAte Adequate Inadequate Inadequate Reply Fire Protection -55 -56 -03 -0 -03 Police Protection 10 -44 -29 -25 -09 Water Service -11 -13 -05 -29 -59 Sewerage Service -11 710 -08 -29 59 Recreation -17 -52 -20 -11 -17 Street Maintenance 11 -43 -34 -18 -11 Solid Waste Collec- tion -22 -50 -13 -07 -25 Quality of Schools 41 -51 -10 -02 -13 6. Would you use commuter bus service, if it were available in the Township? Yes -33 No -81 No reply 03 7. Do you belong to a carpool? 07 No 108 No reply Yes - 7 02 8. Are you a registered voter? Yes -93 No -22 No reply 02 8a. Did you vote in the last election? Yes -78 No -29 No reply 10 9. How many physically handicapped individuals are in your household? -9 reply with 1 -2 reply with 2 No Reply 106 9a. Are you a physically handicapped individual? Yes -08 No -109 10. How many senior citizens (over 65 years) live in your household? -14 reply with L -14 reply with 2 No Reply 89 loa. Are you a senior citizen? Yes -27 No -90 11. Do you live on a fixed income only (Social Security, Pension, etc.)? Yes 2 No 86 12. Do you reply on public assistance for financial support? Yes 01 No 116 13. How long have you lived in Londonderry Township? Years 19.53 years - average Do you plan to move in the future? Yes 15 No 96 No reply -6- 14. Please circle those which apply to you: Employed full-time 67 Homemaker 05 Unemployed -0 Employed part-time 06 Retired 2 Disabled -02 No reply -08 15. Do you rent or own your home? I Rent 0 Own 114 No reply 03 16. How would you generally describe the condition of housing throughout the Township? Very Good Condition 09 Fair Condition 38 Good Condition -66 Poor Condition 01 No reply -03 17. Are you the owner of a business located in the Township? 0 Yes -15 No 7102 No reply - 18. Do you feel that the Township should include a zoning district that would permit the mixing of residential and commercial uses, or do you feel that all zoning districts should permit only similar uses (residential only; commercial only)? II Similar Use Zoning Mixed Use Zoning District Districts only -70 Should also be permitted./ 37 No Reply -10 -, 19. Would you like to see more businesses located within the Township? 1 Yes -71 No -40 No reply 20. Should restrictions be placed on the amount and type of B business or industrial uses which may be permitted to locate in close proximity to residential uses? 3 Yes -106 No -09 No reply -02 I I a