Document Title: Evaluation of the Bloomington-Normal Comprehensive Gang Program
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The author(s) shown below used Federal funds provided by the U.S. Department of Justice and prepared the following final report: Document Title: Evaluation of the Bloomington-Normal Comprehensive Gang Program Author(s): Irving A. Spergel; Kwai Ming Wa; Rolando V. Sosa Document No.: 209186 Date Received: May 2005 Award Number: 97-MU-FX-K014 This report has not been published by the U.S. Department of Justice. To provide better customer service, NCJRS has made this Federally- funded grant final report available electronically in addition to traditional paper copies. Opinions or points of view expressed are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the official position or policies of the U.S. Department of Justice. Evaluation of the Bloomington-Normal Comprehensive Gang Program Irving A. Spergel, Kwai Ming Wa, Rolando Villarreal Sosa and Francisco Perez, Lorita Purnell, Ayad Jacob, Candice Kane, Cheong Sun Park, Lijun Chen, Gabriela Ibarra, Elisa Barrios and Annot Spergel School of Social Service Administration University of Chicago 969 East 60th Street Chicago, Illinois 60637 October 2001 This Evaluation was supported by the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (97-MU-FX-K014-S-4). Points of view are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the position of the United States Department of Justice. This document is a research report submitted to the U.S. Department of Justice. This report has not been published by the Department. Opinions or points of view expressed are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the official position or policies of the U.S. Department of Justice. Acknowledgments (Bloomington-Normal) Much thanks is due to all who helped with the National Evaluation of the Comprehensive, Community-Wide Approach to Gang Prevention, Intervention, and Suppression Program in Bloomington-Normal, Illinois. The Evaluation could not have been completed without the extensive efforts and cooperation of the lead agency, Project Oz, local community and agency leaders, and the local evaluator. The burden of collaborating with the National Evaluation team was added to the challenge of developing a comprehensive program to address the youth gang problem. Project-related agency staff went to extra lengths to modify or elaborate their data systems, complete extensive program reports, and provide access to youth for interviews as well as their histories in the criminal justice system. We thank Peter Rankaitis, Director of Project Oz, Patrick Moreland, the Program Coordinator, Norman Kerr, the Senior Outreach Youth Worker, Brenda Melcher, Chairperson of the Steering Committee (Youth Impact), Gary Speers, Assistant Director, Normal Police Department, Roxanne K. Castleman, Director of Court Services, McLean County, Luther H, Dearborn, Chief Judge of the Eleventh Circuit Court, John P. Shonkman, Chief Judge of the Sixth Judicial Court, Illinois, and Captain Roger Aiken of the Bloomington Police Department. Due to all of their efforts, we now know better what needs to be done to reduce the youth gang problem. Also, very special thanks go to our key data providers: Jack McQueen, Crime Analyst, Bloomington Police Department, and Mark S. Fleisher, then Associate Professor, Department of Criminal Justice, Illinois State University, the local evaluator. Irving A. Spergel and Staff, National Evaluation This document is a research report submitted to the U.S. Department of Justice. This report has not been published by the Department. Opinions or points of view expressed are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the official position or policies of the U.S. Department of Justice. Evaluation of the Bloomington-Normal Comprehensive Gang Program i This document is a research report submitted to the U.S. Department of Justice. This report has not been published by the Department. Opinions or points of view expressed are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the official position or policies of the U.S. Department of Justice. Gang Research, Evaluation and Technical Assistance (GRETA) Projects Staff Irving A. Spergel, Professor and Principal Investigator Candice Kane, Co-Principal Investigator Kwai Ming Wa, Assistant Director Rolando V. Sosa, Senior Research Analyst Francisco Perez, Technical Assistance Advisor Lorita Purnell, Research Analyst Ayad Jacob, Research Analyst Cheong Sun Park, Research Assistant Lijun Chen, Research Assistant Gabriela Ibarra, Research Assistant Elisa Barrios, Assistant Projects’ Manager Annot Spergel, Research/Editorial Assistant ii This document is a research report submitted to the U.S. Department of Justice. This report has not been published by the Department. Opinions or points of view expressed are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the official position or policies of the U.S. Department of Justice. Evaluation of the Bloomington-Normal Comprehensive Gang Program The University of Chicago, School of Social Service Administration © 2001 by the University of Chicago All rights reserved. iii This document is a research report submitted to the U.S. Department of Justice. This report has not been published by the Department. Opinions or points of view expressed are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the official position or policies of the U.S. Department of Justice. Table of Contents Chapters 1. Program and Evaluation Background .......................................... 1.1 2. The Structure of the Evaluation Process ........................................ 2.1 3. Bloomington-Normal Context ............................................... 3.1 4. The Bloomington-Normal Gang Problem ....................................... 4.1 5. The Bloomington-Normal Project Response .................................... 5.1 6. Project Implementation: Strategies ............................................ 6.1 7. Research Method: Data Collection ........................................... 7.1 8. Research Method: Analysis ................................................. 8.1 9. Characteristics of Program and Comparison Youth at Program Youth Entry ........... 9.1 10. Program Structure and Process: Services, Worker Contacts, and Strategies .......... 10.1 11. Program and Comparison Youth Outcomes: Arrest Variables ..................... 11.1 12. Program Youth Outcomes: Arrest and Service/Worker Contact Variables ........... 12.1 13. Program and Comparison Youth Outcomes: Self-Report and Mediating Variables .... 13.1 14. Program Youth Outcomes: Self Report, Services/Contacts and Mediating Variables ... 14.1 15. Gang and Community Crime Effects ........................................ 15.1 16. Conclusions Drawn and Lessons Learned .................................... 16.1 17. Executive Summary ..................................................... 17.1 iv This document is a research report submitted to the U.S. Department of Justice. This report has not been published by the Department. Opinions or points of view expressed are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the official position or policies of the U.S. Department of Justice. Table of Contents, continued Appendices Appendix A – Types of Arrests: Program and Comparison Youth; Pre-Program and Program Periods .............................................................. A.1 Appendix B – Glossary of Service Activities/Worker Contacts ........................ B.1 Appendix C – Lists: 1. Police Arrest Charges; 2. Self-Report Offenses ................. C.1 Appendix D – S/W Gang Involvement Scale ...................................... D.1 References ........................................................ References - 1 v This document is a research report submitted to the U.S. Department of Justice. This report has not been published by the Department. Opinions or points of view expressed are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the official position or policies of the U.S. Department of Justice. Illustrations Charts Chart 1.1 – Program Implementation Model ...................................... 1.45 Chart 1.2 – Gang Process Model ............................................... 1.46 Chart 2.1 – Evaluation Model: Program and Comparison Areas, Gangs, Youth ........... 2.7 Chart 15.1 – Percent Change in Types of Gang Offenses Across Areas ................ 15.27 Figures Figure 15.1 – Bloomington-Normal Gang Offenses ............................... 15.28 Figure 15.2 – Champaign-Urbana Gang Offenses ................................. 15.29 Figure 15.3 – Gang Offenses by Area .......................................... 15.30 vi This document is a research report submitted to the U.S. Department of Justice. This report has not been published by the Department. Opinions or points of view expressed are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the official position or policies of the U.S. Department of Justice. Tables Chapter 3 Table 3.1– Selected Population Characteristics: Program (Bloomington-Normal) and Comparison (Champaign-Urbana) Areas .................................... 3.4 Chapter 6 Table 6.1 – Ratings of Gang and Non-Gang Crime Categories in Program Area by Site and by Time Period ......................................................... 6.39 Table 6.2 – Gang Problem Experienced by Organization by Site and by Time Period ...... 6.40 Table 6.3 – Organizations’ Perceptions of Community Strategies Concerning the Gang Problem by Site and by Time Period ............................................. 6.41 Table 6.4 – Model Performance