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International Education Guide for the Assessment of E of Assessment the for Duc a ST UNITED the from Tion International Education Guide Education International FOR THE ASSESSMENT OF E DUC A TION FROM THE UNITED ST International Education Guide A TES FOR THE ASSESSMENT OF EDUCATION OF A FROM THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA MERIC A International Education Guide FOR THE ASSESSMENT OF EDUCATION FROM THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA .ii INTERNATIONAL EDUCATION GUIDE FOR THE ASSESSMENT OF education FROM THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA .iii INTERNATIONAL EDUCATION GUIDE FOR THE ASSESSMENT OF education FROM THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA Welcome to the Alberta Government’s International Education Guides The International Qualifications Assessment Service (IQAS) developed the International Education Guides for educational institutions, employers and professional licensing bodies to help facilitate and streamline their decisions regarding the recognition of international credentials. These guides compare educational systems from around the world to educational standards in Canada. The assessment recommendations contained in the guides are based on extensive research and well-documented standards and criteria. This research project, a first in Canada, is based on a broad range of international resources and considerable expertise within the IQAS program. Organizations can use these guides to make accurate and efficient decisions regarding the recognition of international credentials. The International Education Guides serve as a resource comparing Alberta standards with those of other countries and will assist all those who need to make informed decisions, including: • employers who need to know whether an applicant with international credentials meets the educational requirements for a job, and how to obtain information comparing the applicant’s credentials to educational standards in Alberta and Canada • educational institutions that need to make a decision about whether a prospective student meets the education requirements for admission, and that need to find accurate and reliable information about the educational system of another country • professional licensing bodies that need to know whether an applicant meets the educational standards for licensing bodies The guides include: • a country overview • a historical education overview • descriptions of school education; higher education; professional, technical and vocational education; and teacher education • grading scales • documentation for educational credentials • a bibliography The guides also include placement recommendations for comparison and application in Alberta, Canada. Prepared by International Qualifications Assessment Service Government of Alberta 9th Floor, 108 Street Building, 9942 – 108 Street NW Edmonton, AB, Canada T5K 2J5 T: 780-427-2655 F: 780-422-9734 eae.alberta.ca/labour-and-immigration/overview-of-immigration/international-qualifications-assessment-service.aspx ©2013 the Crown in right of the Province of Alberta, Government of Alberta International Qualifications Assessment Service (IQAS) ISBN: 978-1-4601-1377-6 .iv INTERNATIONAL EDUCATION GUIDE FOR THE ASSESSMENT OF education FROM THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA .v INTERNATIONAL EDUCATION GUIDE FOR THE ASSESSMENT OF education FROM THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA Contents List of Figures vii List of Tables viii Country Overview 1 Land 1 People and Language 1 History 2 Administration 4 Historical Education Overview 7 Outline of Education System 7 Administration and financing 8 Language of instruction 9 School or academic year 9 Colonial Period (1600s–1775) 9 Independence to the Second World War (1776–1945) 11 Post-Second World War (1945–Present) 13 School education 13 Higher education 15 School Education 17 Over view 17 Curriculum standards and student assessment 18 Language of instruction 18 Grading scale 19 School year 19 Types of schools 19 Teacher qualification 20 Early Childhood Education (Ages 3–5) 20 Elementary Education (Grades 1–8) 21 Secondary Education (Grades 9–12) 21 High school diploma 22 General Educational Development (GED) 24 Advanced Placement (AP) 25 International Baccalaureate (IB) 26 Dual credit 26 Higher Education 27 Overview 27 Administration and financing 27 Program structure 28 Language of instruction 28 Grading scale 28 Academic year and credit system 28 Institutions 29 Accreditation 30 Diploma Mills 32 Admissions 32 Programs and Credentials: General Education 33 Certificates and diplomas 33 Associate degree 33 Bachelor’s degree 34 .vi INTERNATIONAL EDUCATION GUIDE FOR THE ASSESSMENT OF education FROM THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA Master’s degree 35 Graduate certificates and diplomas 36 Doctor of Philosophy degree 36 Programs and Credentials: Specialized and Professional Education 36 Architecture 36 Business 37 Dentistry 38 Education 39 Engineering and technology 39 Law 39 Medicine 40 Nursing 42 Pharmacy 42 Physical therapy 43 Veterinary medicine 44 Teacher Education 45 Overview 45 Teacher Preparation and Certification 45 Traditional certification 45 Alternative certification 46 Grade levels and fields of certification 46 Certification renewal and upgrade 47 Waivers 47 Reciprocal certification 47 Teacher Preparation Programs 48 Associate degree 48 Bachelor’s degree 48 Post-baccalaureate certificate and bachelor’s degree 48 Master’s and doctoral degrees 48 Graduate certificates and diplomas 48 Low performing programs 49 Technical and Vocational Education 50 Overview 50 Administration 50 Federal legislation 50 National Career Clusters Framework 51 High School Programs 52 Vocational courses in high school curricula 52 Career academies 52 Secondary–Post-Secondary Linkage Programs 53 CTE dual credit courses 53 Tech Prep 53 Registered Apprenticeship 53 Post-Secondary Programs 54 Certificates and diplomas 54 Associate degrees 55 Grading Scales 58 Norm-Referenced and Criterion-Referenced Grading Systems 58 Secondary Education 58 Higher Education 59 .vii INTERNATIONAL EDUCATION GUIDE FOR THE ASSESSMENT OF education FROM THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA Documentation 61 Secondary Education 61 Document format 61 Higher Education and Technical and Vocational Education 62 Document format 62 References 63 Electronic and Print Resources 63 Internet Resources 63 Appendix A—Placement Recommendations 65 Appendix B—Nationally Recognized Accrediting Organizations 66 Appendix C—Degree Titles 68 Appendix D—Sample Program Structures 71 Appendix D1. Undergraduate Certificate 71 Appendix D2. Associate of Science (AS) 72 Appendix D3. Bachelor of Arts (BA) 73 Appendix D4. Master of Arts (MA) 74 Appendix D5. Graduate Certificate and Certificate of Advanced Study 75 Appendix D6. Bachelor of Architecture (BArch) 76 Appendix D7. Master of Business Administration (MBA) 78 Appendix D8. Doctor of Dental Surgery (DDS) 79 Appendix D9. Bachelor’s Degrees in Engineering and Engineering Technology 82 Appendix D10. Doctor of Medicine (MD) 85 Appendix D11. Bachelor of Science in Nursing (BSN) and Master of Science in Nursing (MSN) 86 Appendix D12. Bachelor of Science (BS) in Pharmacy Studies and Doctor of Pharmacy (PharmD) 89 Appendix D13. Nursing Certificate and Diploma 91 Appendix D14. Associate Degree in Dental Hygiene 93 Appendix D15. Associate of Applied Science 94 Appendix D16. Associate Degree in Nursing (ADN) 95 Appendix D17. Associate of Applied Science in Education and Associate of Arts in Teaching 96 Appendix D18. Bachelor of Arts in Education (BAEd) 98 Appendix D19. Post-Baccalaureate Certificate in Education 101 Appendix D20. Master of Education (MEd) and Master in Teaching (MIT) 102 Appendix D21. Sixth Year Graduate Certificate in Education 105 Appendix E—Sample Documents 106 Appendix E1. High School Diploma 106 Appendix E2. Associate of Science 107 Appendix E3. Bachelor of Arts 109 Appendix E4. Master of Accountancy 111 Appendix E5. Bachelor of Science in Education and Master of Science in Education 113 Appendix E6. Graduate Certificate 117 Appendix E7. Master of Business Administration 120 List of Figures Figure 1. Geographic Map of the United States 1 Figure 2. Administrative Map of the United States 5 Figure 3. US National Flag 6 .viii INTERNATIONAL EDUCATION GUIDE FOR THE ASSESSMENT OF education FROM THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA Figure 4. US Great Seal 6 Figure 5. Outline of US Education System 7 Figure 6. School Education System 17 List of Tables Table 1. US States, Their Capitals and State Populations (2010 Census) 5 Table 2. Secondary Grading Scale 19 Table 3. Average Carnegie Units Earned by High School Graduates in Various Subject Fields 22 Table 4. Percentage of High School Graduates Earning Minimum Credits in Selected Combinations of Academic Courses 22 Table 5. Minimum Credit and Exit Exam Requirements for High School Diploma by State 23 Table 6. AP Grading Scale 25 Table 7. Number of Degree-Granting Institutions, 2008–09 27 Table 8. Number of Degrees Awarded, 1998–99 and 2008–09 27 Table 9. Higher Education Grading Scale 28 Table 10. Regional Accrediting Bodies 31 Table 11. Number of School Teachers, 2007–08 45 Table 12. Percentage of School Teachers by Highest Degree Earned, 2007–08 45 Table 13. Number of States That Have Set Teacher Standards in Specific Fields, by Grade Level, 2010 47 Table 14. National Career Clusters Framework 51 Table 15. Example of a Norm-Referenced Grading Scale 58 Table 16. Example of a Criterion-Referenced Grading Scale 58 Table 17. Secondary Grading Scale 58 Table 18. Secondary Plus/Minus Grading Scale 58 Table 19. Alternative Secondary Grading Scales 59 Table 20. Secondary Grading Scale, AP Class 59 Table 21. Higher Education Grading Scale 59 Table 22. Higher Education Plus/Minus Grading
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