DOCSLIB.ORG

The History of Low German Negation OUP CORRECTED PROOF – FINAL, 25/8/2014, Spi

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The History of Low German Negation OUP CORRECTED PROOF – FINAL, 25/8/2014, Spi OUP CORRECTED PROOF – FINAL, 25/8/2014, SPi The History of Low German Negation OUP CORRECTED PROOF – FINAL, 25/8/2014, SPi OXFORD STUDIES IN DIACHRONIC AND HISTORICAL LINGUISTICS general editors Adam Ledgeway and Ian Roberts, University of Cambridge advisory editors Cynthia Allen, Australian National University; Ricardo Bermúdez-Otero, University of Manchester; Theresa Biberauer, University of Cambridge;CharlotteGalves, University of Campinas;GeoffHorrocks,University of Cambridge;PaulKiparsky, Stanford University;AnthonyKroch,University of Pennsylvania;DavidLightfoot, Georgetown University;GiuseppeLongobardi,University of York; David Willis, University of Cambridge recently published in the series 7 Word Order in Old Italian Cecilia Poletto 8 Diachrony and Dialects Grammatical Change in the Dialects of Italy Edited by Paola Benincà, Adam Ledgeway, and Nigel Vincent 9 Discourse and Pragmatic Markers from Latin to the Romance Languages Edited by Chiara Ghezzi and Piera Molinelli 10 VowelLengthfromLatintoRomance Michele Loporcaro 11 The Evolution of Functional Left Peripheries in Hungarian Syntax Edited by Katalin É. Kiss 12 Syntactic Reconstruction and Proto-Germanic George Walkden 13 The History of Low German Negation Anne Breitbarth OUP CORRECTED PROOF – FINAL, 25/8/2014, SPi The History of Low German Negation ANNE BREITBARTH 1 OUP CORRECTED PROOF – FINAL, 25/8/2014, SPi 3 Great Clarendon Street, Oxford, ox2 6dp, United Kingdom Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. It furthers the University’s objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide. Oxford is a registered trade mark of Oxford University Press in the UK and in certain other countries ©AnneBreitbarth2014 The moral rights of the author have been asserted First Edition published in 2014 Impression: 1 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of Oxford University Press, or as expressly permitted by law, by licence or under terms agreed with the appropriate reprographics rights organization. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside the scope of the above should be sent to the Rights Department, Oxford University Press, at the address above You must not circulate this work in any other form and you must impose this same condition on any acquirer Published in the United States of America by Oxford University Press 198 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10016, United States of America British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Data available Library of Congress Control Number: 2014930997 ISBN 978–0–19–968728–2 Printed and bound by CPI Group (UK) Ltd, Croydon, cr0 4yy Links to third party websites are provided by Oxford in good faith and for information only. Oxford disclaims any responsibility for the materials contained in any third party website referenced in this work. OUP CORRECTED PROOF – FINAL, 25/8/2014, SPi Contents Series preface vii Preface viii List of tables ix List of figures xii Introduction . Aimandscopeofthisbook . A brief history of Low German . The corpus . Overview The expression of standard negation .Old Low German .. The preverbal clitic negation particle .. Negation strengtheners .. Summary . Middle Low German ..The preverbal clitic particle .. The bipartite expression of negation and the verb-independent negation particle .. Factors influencing the use of ne/en with nicht in Middle Low German .. Summary . Conclusion Indefinites in the scope of negation .Common developments and interactions .. Indefinite systems .. Negative concord . Old Low German ..The indefinite system of Old Low German .. Patterns of interaction .. Factors influencing the choice between n-free and n-marked indefinite .. Summary OUP CORRECTED PROOF – FINAL, 25/8/2014, SPi vi Contents . Middle Low German ..The indefinite system of Middle Low German .. Patterns of interaction .. Factors influencing the occurrence of en with negative indefinites .. Summary . Conclusion Theoretical background .Syntactic theory . Language change . The syntactic representation of negation .. NegP-approaches to the syntax of negation .. Earlier NegP-free approaches . Jespersen’s Cycle ..NegP-accounts of Jespersen’s Cycle .. A NegP-free account of Jespersen’s Cycle . Negative concord . Summary The development of negation in Low German .The interaction of indefinites and negation in historical Low German .. Negative concord in Old Low German .. Negative concord in Middle Low German . Incipient Jespersen’s Cycle in Old Low German ..Preverbal ni/ne .. The grammaticalization of nicht . Jespersen’s Cycle in Middle Low German ..The transition from stage II to stage III .. The fate of the original preverbal particle .. Grammar competition? . Conclusion Conclusion References Index OUP CORRECTED PROOF – FINAL, 25/8/2014, SPi Series preface Modern diachronic linguistics has important contacts with other subdisciplines, notably first-language acquisition, learnability theory, computational linguistics, sociolinguistics, and the traditional philological study of texts. It is now recognized in the wider field that diachronic linguistics can make a novel contribution to linguistic theory,tohistoricallinguistics,andarguablytocognitivesciencemorewidely. This series provides a forum for work in both diachronic and historical linguistics, including work on change in grammar, sound, and meaning within and across languages; synchronic studies of languages in the past; and descriptive histories of one or more languages. It is intended to reflect and encourage the links between these subjects and fields such as those mentioned above. The goal of the series is to publish high-quality monographs and collections of papers in diachronic linguistics generally, i.e. studies focussing on change in linguistic structure, and/or change in grammars, which are also intended to make a contribution to linguistic theory, by developing and adopting a current theoretical model, by raising wider questions concerning the nature of language change or by developing theoretical connections with other areas of linguistics and cognitive science as listed above. There is no bias towards a particular language or language family, or towards a particular theoretical framework; work in all theoretical frameworks, and work based on the descriptive tradition of language typology, as well as quantitatively based work using theoretical ideas, also feature in the series. Adam Ledgeway and Ian Roberts University of Cambridge OUP CORRECTED PROOF – FINAL, 25/8/2014, SPi Preface ThisbooksummarizesresearchIcarriedoutaspartofmyworkfortheprojects TheDevelopmentofNegationintheLanguagesofEuropeat Cambridge University between 2006 and 2009 and Layers of Structure at Ghent University between 2010 and 2012. This research would not have been possible without the funding those projects received, from the Arts and Humanities Research Council (grant AR119272) and the Flemish Funds for Scientific Research (Fonds voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek, grant G091409), respectively, which is herewith gratefully acknowledged. Likewise, I wish to thank the principal investigators for both projects, David Willis and Liliane Haegeman, respectively, for allowing me the space within these projects to carry out this research. Iwouldfurthermoreliketothankthosecolleaguesandfriendswhosehelp,input, and criticism have greatly improved the analysis and arguments presented here. First and foremost I have to thank David Willis and Christopher Lucas, the Cambridge project team, who have greatly shaped my ideas about the development of negation through our frequent discussions. Agnes Jäger has always been an inspiration for me, linguistically and personally, and this book is no exception—I hope it is able to provide a Low German ‘answer’ to her work on the development of negation in High German. Iherewithgratefullyacknowledgeherinputanddiscussionsovertheyears.Iam furthermore indebted to Johan van der Auwera, Theresa Biberauer, Karen De Clerq, Luc De Grauwe, Elly van Gelderen, Cecilia Poletto, George Walkden, Sheila Watts, Helmut Weiß, and Hedde Zeijlstra for discussing specific aspects of this work with me and thereby helping to improve it. Special thanks are due to Liliane Haegeman and the GIST-team (Lobke Aelbrecht, Karen De Clerq, William Harwood, Rachel Nye, Amélie Rocquet, and Reiko Vermeulen) for always being willing to listen to work in progress andgivingmefeedbackonitandmakingmeseethingsfromanewperspective.Iam grateful to Ian Roberts and Adam Ledgeway for including this volume in the series ‘Oxford Studies in Diachronic and Historical Linguistics’, as well as to the linguistics editors John Davies and Julia Steer for their assistance during the preparation of the final manuscript. Finally, but no less importantly, I wish to thank the two reviewers for OUP, whose detailed comments have helped to considerably improve the analysis presented here. I might have finished this work much earlier if I hadn’t had Tiago and Maira while writing it, and I might never have finished it at all if it weren’t for Jorge’s, and in particular my parents’, support in dealing with them and everything else. I dedicate this work to them. OUP CORRECTED PROOF – FINAL, 25/8/2014, SPi List of tables 1.1 Jespersen’s Cycle in a number of European languages 2 1.2 Sample database entry, Old Low German 11 1.3 The scribal dialects of Middle Low German 12 1.4
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Chips from a German Workshop. Vol. III. by F
    The Project Gutenberg EBook of Chips From A German Workshop. Vol. III. by F. Max Müller This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at http://www.gutenberg.org/license Title: Chips From A German Workshop. Vol. III. Author: F. Max Müller Release Date: September 10, 2008 [Ebook 26572] Language: English ***START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK CHIPS FROM A GERMAN WORKSHOP. VOL. III.*** CHIPS FROM A GERMAN WORKSHOP BY F. MAX MÜLLER, M. A., FOREIGN MEMBER OF THE FRENCH INSTITUTE, ETC. VOLUME III. ESSAYS ON LITERATURE, BIOGRAPHY, AND ANTIQUITIES. NEW YORK: CHARLES SCRIBNER AND COMPANY. 1871. Contents DEDICATION. 2 I. GERMAN LITERATURE. 3 LIST OF EXTRACTS FOR ILLUSTRATING THE HISTORY OF GERMAN LITERATURE. 39 II. OLD GERMAN LOVE-SONGS. 48 III. YE SCHYPPE OF FOOLES. 58 IV. LIFE OF SCHILLER. 68 V. WILHELM MÜLLER. 1794-1827. 90 VI. ON THE LANGUAGE AND POETRY OF SCHLESWIG-HOLSTEIN. 108 VII. JOINVILLE. 144 VIII. THE JOURNAL DES SAVANTS AND THE JOUR- NAL DE TRÉVOUX. 179 IX. CHASOT. 187 X. SHAKESPEARE. 200 XI. BACON IN GERMANY. 203 XII. A GERMAN TRAVELLER IN ENGLAND. 217 XIII. CORNISH ANTIQUITIES. 223 XIV. ARE THERE JEWS IN CORNWALL? . 268 XV. THE INSULATION OF ST. MICHAEL'S MOUNT. 294 XVI. BUNSEN. 317 LETTERS FROM BUNSEN TO MAX MÜLLER IN THE YEARS 1848 TO 1859. 360 Footnotes . 485 [i] DEDICATION. TO FRANCIS TURNER PALGRAVE, IN GRATEFUL REMEMBRANCE OF KIND HELP GIVEN TO ME IN MY FIRST ATTEMPTS AT WRITING IN ENGLISH, AND AS A MEMORIAL OF MANY YEARS OF FAITHFUL FRIENDSHIP.
    [Show full text]
  • Charlemagne Descent
    Selected descendants of Charlemagne to the early 16th century (1 of 315) Charlemagne King of the Franks Hildegard of Vinzgau b: 742 d: 28 January 813/14 Irmengard of Hesbain Louis I "The Pious" Emperor of the West Judith of Bavaria Pepin of Italy b: 778 in Casseneuil, France d: 810 d: 20 June 840 Lothair I Holy Roman Emperor Irmengard Comtesse de Tours Louis II "The German" King of the East Emma von Bayern Gisela Eberhard Duke of Fruili Cont. p. 2 Cont. p. 3 d: 29 September 855 in Pruem, Franks b: 821 b: Abt. 815 Rheinland, Germany d: 28 August 876 d: 16 December 866 Ermengarde Princesse des Francs Giselbert II Graf von Maasgau Carloman König von Bayern Cont. p. 4 Anscar I Duke of Ivrea b: 825 b: 829 d: March 901/02 d: 14 June 877 d: 880 Reginar I Comte de Hainaut Herzog von Alberade von Kleve Adalbert I Duke of Ivrea Gisela of Fruili Lothringen d: Aft. 28 February 928/29 b: 850 d: 915 in Meerssen, The Netherlands Cont. p. 5 Cont. p. 6 Selected descendants of Charlemagne to the early 16th century (2 of 315) Louis I "The Pious" Emperor of the West b: 778 in Casseneuil, France Judith of Bavaria d: 20 June 840 Cont. p. 1 Charles II King of the West Franks Ermentrude of Orléans b: 13 June 823 b: 27 September 823 d: 6 October 877 d: 6 October 869 Judith (Princess) Baldwin I Count of Flanders Louis II King of the West Franks Adelaide de Paris b: 844 d: 858 b: 1 November 846 d: 870 d: 10 April 879 Baldwin II Count of Flanders Æfthryth Ermentrude of France Cont.
    [Show full text]
  • Conquest and Colonization in the Early Middle Ages: the Carolingians and Saxony, C
    Conquest and Colonization in the Early Middle Ages: The Carolingians and Saxony, c. 751–842 by Christopher Thomas Landon A thesis submitted in conformity with the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Centre for Medieval Studies University of Toronto © Copyright by Christopher Thomas Landon 2017 Conquest and Colonization in the Early Middle Ages: The Carolingians and Saxony, c. 751–842 Christopher Thomas Landon Doctor of Philosophy Centre for Medieval Studies University of Toronto 2017 Abstract This thesis reconsiders longstanding questions regarding the economic and ideological forces that drove Frankish expansion into Saxony in the late eighth and early ninth centuries, Frankish strategies of rule in the newly conquered region, and the effects of conquest and cultural disposession on the Saxons themselves. Specifically, the dissertation seeks to present a new interpretation of this critical historical episode as a process of colonization. After an introduction that briefly outlines various conceptions and definitions of colonization and how these apply to the early medieval period, chapter one provides an overview of the main Latin and Old Saxon sources regarding Saxony and the Saxons in the Carolingian period from the coronation of Pippin III to the suppression of the Saxon Stellinga uprising in 842. The chapter emphasizes the tendentious nature of these sources and the ways in which they reflect the perspective of the colonizer while obscuring the experiences of the colonized. Chapter two looks at the ideological justifications for the conquest advanced in the Frankish primary sources, arguing that the Franks’ forcible Christianization of the Saxons was driven in part by the Carolingian dynasty’s increasingly close ties with the papacy and by ancient imperial prerogatives regarding the extension of the faith.
    [Show full text]
  • Lex Saxonum CHARLEMAGNE SUBDUES the SAXONS - VIII CENTURY
    LEX SAXONUM CHARLEMAGNE SUBDUES THE SAXONS - VIII CENTURY Lex Saxonum is a two player game that si- vements and/or combats (in order to simu- mulates the conquest of Saxony by Charle- late the difficulty for an army to cross the magne in the last quarter of the 8th centu- river) but the right bank cannot be pillaged ry. One player represents the Carolingians and has no fortifications. The Cologne units of Austrasia, Hesse, Thuringe and West are always deployed on the left bank (where Friesland. This player is called “the Caro- the town is). lingian”. The other player controls various The territory Aix-la-Chapelle (that repre- Saxon tribal federations and their Danish sents all of Charlemagne’s residences and Frisian allies. This player is called “the in Austrasia: Thionville, Attigny... Aix-la- Saxon”.. Chapelle) is linked to Cologne (city side), Koblenz (Coblence) and Büraburg. 1 - DeScription oF tHe GAMe Treva and Verden are adjacent. 1.1 - MAp Certain territories are grouped into larger The map approximates medieval Saxo- ensembles. (Austrasia, Hesse, Westphalia, ny and the surrounding regions. It is divi- Angria, Eastphalia). These ensembles have ded into territories corresponding to the no affect on the activation of units. Saxon, Slav and Frisian tribal zones, and to the Carolingian counties. Each territo- 1.2 - tiMe ScALe ry is identified by a name, a symbol, a re- Each game turn represents one year. source point value (RP) symbolised by one of more coins and a fortification. The Saxon 1.3 - UnitS fortresses, the Carolingian cities and stron- Each unit represents between a few hun- gholds as well as the abbeys and bishop’s dred and a thousand combattants.
    [Show full text]
  • Alfred the Great of Blessed Memory (1901)
    "For our Altars and Firesides." FORE=WORD [HE SEVERAL STVDIES HEREIN CONTAINED RESPECTING " ALFRED THE GREAT of BLESSED MEMORY" (while much of the matter is long anterior to that epoch), are, in part, the sum and substance of certain readings in English history under- taken to serve a set purpose. Most of the "cameos" are given verbatim, in their old-world original, quaint language ; while others have been so twisted round by the light of modern research as to become entirely new in the words of King Alfred " sometime interpreting word for word, and sometime meaning for meaning. V With those who are chivalrous for the land of their birth, almost every scrap of information about the life and customs of the early inhabitants of these realms of fail ours can not to be of interest ; and, while we may be Englishmen (at once rising superior in every point of valour to our Anglo-Saxon invaders), one thing is certain, mere conquest never altered the shape of our skulls. Sartor resartus ! "With the tailor mended, it has been said, "here is a book for BRITONS." ^ <- The working drawing for the production of the title-page was executed by the black- and-white artist, Ernest Cousins, from the design by the framer of these memorials. ^LFHEDTHE RICHARD C JACKSON, F.S.A LATE VICE-PRESIDENT OF & THE DANTE SOCIETY OF LON, LONDON '. THE BOWYER PRESS. DON & FELLOW OF THE ROYAL AND JONES & -EVANS LTP -77 QUEEN- STREET ,-CHEAPSIDE E.G. 19 HISTORICAL SOCIETY etc. etc. etc VERSION BIE DEDICATION. To the English Speaking Nation Everywhere.
    [Show full text]
  • The Saxon Steed and White Horse of Kent
    THE SAXON STEED AND THE WHITE HORSE OF KENT JAMES LLOYD In 1933, the College of Arms granted a heraldic achievement to Kent County Council that included, on the escutcheon, a prancing white horse on a red field.1 The White Horse motif is now ubiquitous in Kent, used by most public organizations (e.g. Kent Fire and Rescue Service, Kent Police, etc.) and by many private ones. It is, therefore, a little surprising to note that 1933 was the first time that this symbol was given any kind of official sanction or recognition. Although it had been used before then, its use depended on tradition. It is the purpose of this paper to trace how far back that tradition went and what its original rationale was. This is not the first attempt to answer these questions. In 1931 and 1932, the Honourable Henry Hannen ( who was a consultant to the County Council committee that applied for the coat-of-arms) and an anonymous correspondent known as 'G.H.W.' exchanged a series of brief articles in Notes and Queries,2 which later formed the basis of a column in the Kent Messenger.3 R.F. Jessup published a short paper on the subject in Antiquity in 19354 and Georg Schnath gave Kent a paragraph in his definitive history of the Saxon Steed in 1956.5 Most recently, a page devoted to it has been published on the website British CountyFlags .6 Although this paper does, to a certain extent, repeat its predecessors' findings, it goes into much greater detail than any of them, while also bringing to bear further evidence that they did not consider.
    [Show full text]
  • Ha&Elym Tja Bergen a Thesis Submitted to the Faeul^R of The
    When the Lion fell; the struggle between Frederick Barbarossa and Henry the Lion Item Type text; Thesis-Reproduction (electronic) Authors Bergen, Madelyn Ute, 1940- Publisher The University of Arizona. Rights Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author. Download date 01/10/2021 12:18:06 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/551701 WEB TEES HOE EEH»§ 'THE STBW§@1 BES$11ES FEEDEHOK BffiEBffiBOSSl U S HBHEJ THE H O E •tgr' Ha&elym TJa Bergen A Thesis Submitted to the Faeul^r of the BlPSBEEilT OF HISTORY In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of mSTEB OF MTS In the Graduate College THE TJEI7ERSITY OF MIZOIE 1 9 6 3 S9UEEHBH5 BT ZEHOH f M s thesis has heem submitted in partial fnllillment ©f requirements for an. advanced degree at The University of Arizona and is deposited in The University Library to be made available to borrowers under rules of the Libraryo. Brief quotations from this the6$e'are allowable without speeial permission; provided that aeourate acknowledgment of source is madeo Requests for permission for extended quotation from or reproduction of this manuscript in whole or in part may be granted by the head of the major department or the Bean of the Graduate School when in their judgment the proposed use of the material is in the interests of scholarshipo
    [Show full text]
  • The Period of the Tenth and Early Eleventh Centuries Was Crucial In
    The period of the tenth and early eleventh centuries was crucial in the formation of Europe, much of whose political geography and larger- scale divisions began to take shape at this time. It was also an era of great fragmentation, and hence of differences which have been magnified by modern national historiographical traditions. The international team of authors in this volume of The New Cambridge Medieval History reflects these varying traditions, and provides an authoritative survey of the period in its own terms. The volume is divided into three sections. The firstcoverscommon themes and topics such as the economy, government, and religious cul- tural and intellectual life. The second is devoted to the kingdoms and principalities which had emerged within the area of the former Carolingian empire, as well as the ‘honorary Carolingian’regionof England. The final section deals with the emergent principalities of eastern Europe and the new and established empires and statelets of the Mediterranean world. Cambridge Histories Online © Cambridge University Press, 2008 Cambridge Histories Online © Cambridge University Press, 2008 The New Cambridge Medieval History David Abulafia Rosamond McKitterick Martin Brett Edward Powell Simon Keynes Jonathan Shepard Peter Linehan Peter Spufford Volume c. –c. Cambridge Histories Online © Cambridge University Press, 2008 Cambridge Histories Online © Cambridge University Press, 2008 THE NEW CAMBRIDGE MEDIEVAL HISTORY Volume III c. –c. TIMOTHY REUTER Professor of Medieval History University of Southampton Cambridge Histories Online © Cambridge University Press, 2008 Cambridge, New York, Melbourne, Madrid, Cape Town, Singapore, Sa~o Paulo Cambridge University Press The Edinburgh Building, Cambridge ,UK Published in the United States of America by Cambridge University Press, New York www.cambridge.org Information on this title: www.cambridge.org/ © Cambridge University Press This book is in copyright.
    [Show full text]
  • ATLAS of EUROPEAN HISTORY '•Mmmmmmmmmmhoammmmap EARLE W
    UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA SAN DIEGO 3 1822 02610 9413 ATLAS OF EUROPEAN HISTORY '•MMMMMMMMMMHOaMMMMaP EARLE W. D OW \/ • 1 UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA. SAN DIEGO 3 1822 02610 9413 GtlSEL LIBRARY UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO LA JOLLA, CAUFORNIA W4YN£ S. VUCINiCH ATLAS OF EUROPEAN HISTORY BY EARLE W. DOW JUNIOR PROFESSOR OF HISTORY IN THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN NEW YORK HENRY HOLT AND COMPANY 1909 Copyright, 1907, HENRY HOLT AND COMPANY PREFACE By planning the following maps, and preparing and indexing their matter, I have sought to meet the long-felt need of a small atlas of European history which should be in the English language, which should treat of the dijfferent peoples of Europe impartially, which should not obscure general views by too many details, and which should have a serviceable key to its contents. In this modest but laborious undertaking I have relied mainly upon the larger atlases—most of all the Droysen, the Kiepert, the Spruner. Menke, the Spruner-Sieglin, from Germany; the Longnon, the Schrader, the Vidal- Lablache, from France; the Poole, from Great Britain. At the same time, I have gone on innumerable points to original or special sources of information: documents, maps, articles, and books—though it would have been profitable to go to such sources yet more than I have. Mistakes have no doubt been made; but I hope that they are of a kind to be easily righted and that the lines and locations adopted may prove, with not too mant exceptions, sufficiently accurate for the didactic purposes in view. Gaps, also, are to be seen—some only too clearly.
    [Show full text]