Nottingham Castle CONSERVATION MANAGEMENT PLAN Issue 7 February 2016 ROWENNA WOOD / RACHEL REESE On behalf of Purcell ® 50 St Mary’s Gate, Lace Market, Nottingham NG1 1QA [email protected] www.purcelluk.com All rights in this work are reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced, stored or transmitted in any form or by any means (including without limitation DOCUMENT ISSUE by photocopying or placing on a website) without the prior permission in writing of Purcell except in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs Issue 1 (June 2015) - Nottingham City Council and Patents Act 1988. Applications for permission to reproduce any part of this work should be addressed to Purcell at [email protected]. Issue 2 (July 2015) - Nottingham City Council Undertaking any unauthorised act in relation to this work may result in a civil claim for damages and/or criminal prosecution. 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Issue 7 (February 2015) - Nottingham City Council © Purcell 2015 RW/CRo/011-235350 CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 5 4.7 Galleries 156 4.8 Education and Engagement 158 1 INTRODUCTION 9 4.9 Visitor Facilities 159 1.1 Purpose and Scope of the Conservation Management Plan 9 4.10 Transport Links 159 1.2 Structure of the Document 10 4.11 Wayfinding 160 1.3 Vision 11 4.12 Accessibility 160 1.4 Existing Information and Resources 11 4.13 Funding 161 1.5 Consultation 11 4.14 Marketing 161 1.6 Gaps in Knowledge 12 4.15 Security 162 1.7 Abbreviations 12 4.16 Environment and Climate Change 162 2 UNDERSTANDING THE SITE 13 4.17 Archaeology 162 2.1 Site Overview 13 4.18 Intrusive Features 163 2.2 History of the Site 16 4.19 Major Project Proposals 163 2.3 Wider Heritage Context 66 4.20 Setting and Townscape 164 2.4 Site Description 69 5 POLICIES 165 2.5 Heritage Designations and Setting 101 5.1 Introduction 165 2.6 Ecological Assessment 116 5.2 General Practice 165 2.7 Current Ownership and Management 118 5.3 Policies 167 2.8 Summary of Relevant Existing Documents 120 2.9 Legislative Framework and Guidance 123 6 IMPLEMENTATION AND REVIEW 191 6.1 Implementation 191 3 ASSESSMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE 124 6.2 Review 191 3.1 Criteria for Assessment 124 6.3 Archival Deposition 191 3.2 Summary Statement of Significance 125 3.3 Assessment of Heritage Values 127 7 BIBLIOGRAPHY 192 3.4 Significance Plans 140 7.1 Acknowledgements and Consultation 192 7.2 References 193 4 ISSUES AND OPPORTUNITIES 150 4.1 Introduction 150 APPENDICES 4.2 Heritage Value and Change 150 4.3 Ownership and Management 151 APPENDIX A: LISTING DESCRIPTIONS 196 4.4 Condition 152 APPENDIX B: LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORK AND GUIDANCE 204 4.5 Maintenance 152 APPENDIX C: STAFF STRUCTURE 210 4.6 Use 153 4 Nottingham Castle; Conservation Management Plan; February 2015 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This Conservation Management Plan (CMP) has been prepared for Bailey is accessed via a Grade II listed medieval bridge over the rock-cut Nottingham City Council (NCC) by Purcell, a practice of conservation ditch that separates the Outer Bailey from the Upper Bailey. There is also architects and heritage consultants. Its purpose is to update substantially vehicular access from the north-eastern gates round Middle Bailey green to the draft Conservation Plan prepared in 2006 by Prince Research the Palace or via a tunnel to the Kitchen Wing to the north of the Palace. Consultants and to expand it to include the Brewhouse Yard. This The Outer Bailey is laid out as a park with three Grade II listed memorials updated CMP will form part of the Stage 2 funding bid to the Heritage including one to Captain Albert Ball and a Grade II listed Edwardian Lottery Fund to refurbish and extend the Ducal Palace, provide new Bandstand. At the northern end of the Outer Bailey is the Bothy, an education facilities in Brewhouse Yard and relandscape the grounds. eighteenth century building currently used by the Parks Team, that is Grade II listed. The medieval Gatehouse, which was heavily restored in 1908 and The CMP is intended to assess the significance of the site, evaluate the today contains the ticket office and a shop, together with the medieval walls issues and opportunities it has and to provide conservation policies and towers of the Outer Bailey are Grade I listed. The site comprises by to guide the future development and use of the site, both for the two scheduled ancient monuments. Far below the Castle, nestled into the immediate major project and beyond. It is a tool to facilitate the ongoing base of Castle Rock, are the Grade II listed Brewhouse Yard Cottages, the understanding and long-term general upkeep of the site and should be cave system behind which extends into Castle Rock. Rock Cottage, also monitored and reviewed regularly. Grade II listed sits separately on a small ledge of rock. These cottages house the Museum of Nottingham Life as well as stores and staff accommodation. Nottingham Castle is located slightly west of Nottingham city centre Across from the cottages on the corner of Castle Road and Castle on a sandstone promontory known as Castle Rock. The Castle once Boulevard is the Grade II listed Waterworks, which is used predominantly extended over a larger area with a fourth bailey to the north and a for staff offices and collections stores. The site is located in the Castle park to the west but these have since been developed for housing. Conservation Area. This CMP considers not only the two scheduled ancient monuments and numerous listed structures of the Castle itself but also the caves in Nottingham Castle was established as a strategic garrison by William the Castle Rock and the cottages and Waterworks in Brewhouse Yard. A Conqueror in 1067 and subsequently developed into a royal castle favoured plan (overleaf) shows the site boundary and the buildings in and around by various medieval kings and was the monarch’s principal castle in the the site. Midlands. Richard I laid siege to re-establish his rule in 1194, Edward III captured Roger Mortimer to begin his rule in 1330 and Richard III set forth The site includes the Grade I Castle Museum and Art Gallery (also from the Castle in 1485 to the Battle of Bosworth. The Castle entered a known as the Ducal Palace), which was originally built for the Dukes period of decline in the sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries, in which of Newcastle on the site’s highest point across the Upper and part of time it was plundered and stripped of much of its contents. Although sold the Middle Bailey of the medieval castle. It is surrounded by a parapet to the Earl of Rutland in 1611, from the lost North Bailey, Charles I raised his wall to the south and west and a terrace with step and gate piers, all standard in 1642. Used as a Civil War stronghold, the Castle was slighted of which are Grade II listed. The Middle Bailey to the north is mostly in 1651 before the ruins were sold to William Cavendish in the 1660s. In occupied by a green around which are the remains of the Middle Bailey the late seventeenth century the site underwent a renaissance with the walls and towers, a memorial bust of Major Jonathan White and a erection of the Ducal Palace, although by the late eighteenth century the second pair of gate piers, all of which are Grade II listed. The Middle site had ceased to be used by the Dukes of Newcastle. During the 1831 5 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY riot, the Palace was substantially damaged by facility; the perceived distance between the Castle fire. After more than four decades, the Palace and the city centre; and the lack of level access in was restored and converted to a museum and Brewhouse Yard Cottages and the Waterworks. art gallery between 1876 and 1878 by TC Hine The proposed refurbishment project offers the 12 14 with the Kitchen Wing converted by Herbert opportunity to address, at least in part, some of 13 15 N Walker between 1889 and 1891. The first director, these issues whilst the associated archaeological 11 George Harry Wallis, served for 51 years and investigations provide the chance to considerably 17 28 was instrumental in establishing the nature of enhance understanding of the medieval castle, B the collections. The grounds were cultivated to particularly the Outer Bailey. form a municipal garden and the erection of a 10 9 16 number of memorials meant that by the mid- The analysis of the issues and opportunities 19 18 27 twentieth century it had become a place of civic informs a set of policies, explained in section 5, 20 commemoration. to guide the ongoing care and future development 8 22 3 of the site.