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The State of the People: Citizens, Civil Society and Governance Ress.Ac.Za Ress.Ac.Za P in South Africa, 1994-2000 Free Download From The state of the people: Citizens, civil society and governance ress.ac.za ress.ac.za p in South Africa, 1994-2000 Free download from www.hsrc ress.ac.za ress.ac.za p Free download from www.hsrc The state of the people: Citizens, civil society and governance in South Africa, 1994-2000 ress.ac.za ress.ac.za p Editors: Bert Klandermans Marlene Roefs Johan Olivier Free download from www.hsrc Human Sciences Research Council Pretoria 2001 ã Human Sciences Research Council, 2001 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. ress.ac.za ress.ac.za p ISBN 0-7969-1985-2 The state of the people: Citizens, civil society and governance in South Africa, 1994 -2000 Editors: Bert Klandermans Marlene Roefs Johan Olivier Design and layout: Annemarie Booyens Cover design: Nu Dog Design Free download from www.hsrc Published in South Africa by: Human Sciences Research Council 134 Pretorius Street Pretoria, South Africa 0001 http://www.hsrc.ac.za Printed in South Africa by: Shereno Printers P.O. Box 268 Benoni, South Africa 1500 Tel.: (011) 894-4150 Fax: (011) 894-4153 http://www.shereno.co.za Contents Page List of Tables ....................................................................................... vi List of Figures ....................................................................................... ix Preface and Acknowledgements ............................................................xii ress.ac.za ress.ac.za About the Authors................................................................................. xv p About this Book ..................................................................................xvii Chapter 1 South African politics and collective action, 1994-2000........................................................................1 Tom Lodge Chapter 2 The distribution of wealth ............................................ 27 Chapter 3 Grievances and relative deprivation ............................ 47 Chapter 4 The formation of collective identity ............................. 91 Free download from www.hsrc Chapter 5 Involvement in civil society ........................................ 111 Chapter 6 The evaluation of government ................................... 137 With Hennie Kotze Chapter 7 Political participation ................................................. 185 Chapter 8 The state of the people................................................ 233 References......................................................................................... 245 Appendix—Methods......................................................................... 249 Index ................................................................................................. 253 v List of Tables Page 2.1: Gender and unemployment (%) ............................................ 33 2.2: Parameters in the distribution of wealth: Unemployment .... 42 ress.ac.za ress.ac.za 2.3: Parameters in the distribution of wealth: Income ................. 43 p 2.4: Parameters in the distribution of wealth: Living standard... 43 3.1: Dissatisfaction and objective conditions: R-squares ............. 58 3.2: Dissatisfaction and social comparison ...................................69 3.3: Comparison to others (%) ..................................................... 72 3.4: Group identification and group comparison (%).................. 75 3.5: Grievances and types of comparison (%) .............................. 79 3.6: Grievances and types of comparison by race(%) .................. 80 3.7: Trust in government and social comparison ......................... 85 Free download from www.hsrc 4.1: National identity (%) ........................................................... 102 4.2: National identity and subgroup identity (%) ...................... 105 4.3: Dual identity and politics ..................................................... 107 5.1 Active member in grassroots organisations (%) ................. 116 5.2 The role of civil society 1995-2000: Pearson’s correlations .......................................................... 126 5.3: The role of civil society—old and new: Pearson’s correlations .......................................................... 129 5.4: The transformation of discontent into collective action: Pearson’s correlations of dissatisfaction with action preparedness and participation by involvement in civil society organisations (1995-2000) ........................................ 131 6.1: Trust in national government (%) ....................................... 139 vi List of Tables 6.2: Attitudes toward national government (%) ........................ 142 6.3: Dimensions of approval and trust: Standardised regression coefficients .................................... 146 6.4: Determinants of trust and approval in national government: Standardised beta’s ........................................ 149 6.5: Grievances, relative deprivation and trust: ress.ac.za ress.ac.za Standardised beta’s.............................................................. 153 p 6.6: Evaluation of provincial and local government (%) ........... 166 6.7: Determinants of trust and approval in provincial and local government: Standardised beta’s ........................ 170 7.1: Determinants of political interest: R2 values ....................... 190 7.2: Political interest and objective characteristics: Standardised beta’s.............................................................. 192 7.3: Identity patterns and political interest ................................ 195 7.4: Closeness to a political party in 1994 (%) ........................... 198 7.5: Voting intention (%) ............................................................ 200 Free download from www.hsrc 7.6: No intention to vote (%) ....................................................... 204 7.7: Correlates of party preference among Blacks in KwaZulu-Natal..................................................................... 207 7.8: Correlates of party preference among coloured South Africans...................................................................... 209 7.9: Correlates of party preference among Asian South Africans...................................................................... 210 7.10: Correlates of party preference among white South Africans...................................................................... 211 7.11: Taking part in election campaigns (%) ............................... 214 7.12: Correlates of campaign activities......................................... 215 7.13: Participation in peaceful protests (%) ................................. 216 vii The state of the people 7.14: Issues people protested for in the past year......................... 217 7.15: Correlates of protest participation ...................................... 219 7.16: Issues people may protest for in the future (%) .................. 223 7.17: Correlates of the preparedness to take part in peaceful action...................................................................... 224 ress.ac.za ress.ac.za p Free download from www.hsrc viii List of Figures Page 2.1: Highest level of education ...................................................... 28 2.2: Unemployment and race (%) ................................................. 29 ress.ac.za ress.ac.za 2.3: Gross household income......................................................... 30 p 2.4: Living standard...................................................................... 31 2.5a: Gross household income......................................................... 32 2.5b: Highest level of education ...................................................... 32 2.5c: Living standard ...................................................................... 33 2.6: Age and unemployment ......................................................... 35 2.7: Unemployment by age and education (1994-2000)................ 36 2.8a: Gross household income......................................................... 37 2.8b: Living standard...................................................................... 37 Free download from www.hsrc 2.9a: Highest education ...................................................................38 2.9b: Gross household income......................................................... 38 2.9c: Living standard ...................................................................... 39 2.10a: Blacks (Income) ...................................................................... 40 2.10b: Coloured (Income) .................................................................40 2.10c: Asians (Income) ...................................................................... 41 2.10d: Whites (Income) ..................................................................... 41 3.1a: Dissatisfaction with conditions in the neighbourhood........... 48 3.1b: Dissatisfaction with safety in the neighbourhood .................. 49 3.1c: Dissatisfaction with work ....................................................... 49 3.1d: Dissatisfaction with educational opportunities ...................... 50 3.1e: Dissatisfaction with standard of living ..................................50 ix The state of the people 3.1f: Dissatisfaction with health care ............................................. 51 3.1g: Dissatisfaction with human rights ........................................
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