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Christel Braae Christel Braae, anthropologist, PhD christel christel braae the carlsberg fondation’s nomad research project braae Editor-in-Chief Ida Nicolaisen, NIAS, University of Copenhagen Christel Braae conducted fieldwork in Tunisia in 1976-1977 and in 1989- among herders of inner mongolia mongolia of inner among herders 1990 in the Arab Gulf Countries of Christel Braae Bahrain, Kuwait, The United Arab among herders of Emirates and Oman. During this This is a study of a unique collection of Inner Mongolian artefacts time she collected objects for the at the National Museum of Denmark. They are described, ana - Moes gaard Museum in Denmark. Photo: Roberto Fortuna inner mongolia lysed and visually presented in a catalogue of more than 800 Prior to this she worked for three items, documenting the daily life of pastoral society in and years in Bahrain as a consultant to the National Museum, which around the tent, in the herding of the animals, in caravan trade opened in 1989. She has published in the fields of Middle Eastern and in hunting, crafts, sports and games, and in ritual life. The studies and on museums and heri tage, and between 1998 and The Haslund-Christensen Collection objects were collected during two expeditions to Inner Mongolia 2006 she was editor of FOLK. Journal of the Danish Ethnographic Society. in the 1930s led by the Danish author Henning Haslund-Chris- In 2009-2010 she curated the exhibition Sharjah – Contemporary Arts tensen, who had many years’ experience of travel and expedition from the Emirates at the Danish National Museum. Since 1997 she at the National Museum of Denmark life in Mongolia. has has worked here in the Ethnographic Department, specializ- ing in collections from the Middle East and from Central and The book is also a detailed account of the expeditions including Inner Asia. their routes, means and measures, as well as the worries and hopes of the participants, their struggles with scientific aspira- tions, and the conditions for collecting against the backdrop of Also in the series: the Chinese civil war and the Japanese occupation. The First and mongol costumes Second Danish Expeditions to Central Asia took place in 1936-1937 and 1938-1939 respectively. These expeditions were the sole for- Henny Harald Hansen projekt research nomad foundation’s the carlsberg eign parties with access to the area at the time, and therefore With 240 illustrations, 57 in colour their members were among the few observers of Inner Mongo- mongol jewelry lian pastoral society at a time when information was scant and Martha Boyer knowledge of the place fragmented – as is in many ways still the With 200 illustrations, 90 in colour case. Hence, the material objects and data obtained are of great tibetan nomads scientific importance in the documentation of the life and ma- terial culture of Inner Mongolian herders in the 1930s. Schuyler Jones With 280 illustrations, 100 in colour With 748 illustrations, 277 in colour. Aarhus University Press Cover: Chess pieces from Cat. no. 565. Photo by Roberto Fortuna. Christel Braae To Søren Haslund-Christensen Among Herders of Inner Mongolia The Haslund-Christensen Collection at the National Museum of Denmark The Carlsberg Foundation’s Nomad Research Projekt Aarhus University Press among herders of inner mongolia The Carlsberg Foundation, Aarhus University Press and the author 2017 Design and typesetting: Mette and Eric Mourier Photos of objects: Roberto Fortuna Copy editor: Bente Gundestrup Language revisers: James Manley, James Bulman-May, Mia Gaudern Type Face: Fedra Serif and Sans E-book production : Narayana Press, Gylling 7184 4979 ISBN: 978 87 aarhus university press Finlandsgade 29 DK – 8200 Aarhus White Cross Mills Lancaster LA1 4XS England Box 511 Oakville, CT 06779 USA www.unipress.dk the carlsberg foundation’s nomad research projekt Editor-in-Chief: Ida Nicolaisen The publikation of this volume has been made possible by a generous grant from The Carlsberg Foundation 101773_mongolia_001-027_r2_q16.qxp_Layout 1 29/08/17 09:30 Page 5 5 among herders of inner mongolia The Carlsberg Foundation, Aarhus University Press and the author 2017 Contents Design and typesetting: Mette and Eric Mourier Photos of objects: Roberto Fortuna editor’s preface A Himalayan interlude: Copy editor: Bente Gundestrup 11 98 Trade routes or British intelligence? Language revisers: James Manley, James Bulman-May, Mia Gaudern 21 foreword acknowledgements 100 Between passes Type Face: Fedra Serif and Sans 26 notes Paper: Luxosatin 135 g 104 Printed in Denmark: Narayana Press, Gylling 28 chapter 1 ISBN: 978 87 7934 395 5 106 chapter 3 Henning Haslund-Christensen: aarhus university press Explorer, Collector and Writer e First and Second Danish Central Asien Expeditions Finlandsgade 29 32 The legacy of the “grand expeditions”: Haslund as DK – 8200 Aarhus 109 Recovery and future plans traveller and collector White Cross Mills 113 A reconnaissance expedition to Mongolia: DECA I 38 Collector and writer Lancaster LA1 4XS notes 115 Searching for a work field 45 England 120 The old troubadours of Wang-yeh Sume Box 511 chapter 2 123 Collecting in Manchu Ail Oakville, CT 06779 46 125 Looking for shamans in Hailar USA Scandinavian Explorers in Mongolia Out of Manchukuo www.unipress.dk 130 48 Accounts from the frontier 131 On the trail of old routes 56 Mongolia 1911-1924 133 Arrival of ethnographic objects the carlsberg foundation’s nomad research projekt 59 A settlement in no-man’s-land in Copenhagen Editor-in-Chief: Ida Nicolaisen 64 Life on the farm 134 Preparations for a scientific expedition 68 An activist diplomat The publikation of this volume has been made possible 137 On the way by a generous grant from The Carlsberg Foundation 71 Kalgan – the gateway 140 Waiting in Khukho Khoto 72 The Scandinavian network 147 Mongolia at last 74 The missionaries 151 Expedition life at Camp Chagan Khure 76 Caravans and comradeship: – the white temple Exploring with Hedin 152 Sub-expeditions and thwarted expectations 79 Hedin – pathfinder and cartographer 156 On the trail of a dead shaman 82 The Sino-Swedish expedition 160 Separate ways 89 From caravan man to research assistant 163 Wrapping up in a war zone 95 Splitting up with Hedin notes 167 101773_mongolia_001-027_r2_q16.qxp_Layout 1 29/08/17 09:30 Page 6 6 contents 170 chapter 4 239 Order and etiquette Collections 241 Furniture and other ger contents 241 Floor mats and rugs 173 Haslund inside the museum 242 Decorated felts 176 Registration of the objects 243 Stitched or quilted felts 178 The Picture Register 245 floor mats 178 The Ethnos Register Catalogue nos. 17-27 180 The Paris Collection 249 sitting mats Catalogue nos. 28-35 181 Mongolian collection exhibited 184 The Mongolian Collection thrones and throne covers 253 Catalogue nos. 36-45 – an antiquarian’s view 186 The Catalogue – an introduction 258 bolsters Catalogue nos. 46-50 C notes 190 wooden furniture 191 Catalogue information 260 Catalogue nos. 51-89 262 Tables 192 chapter 5 265 Chests and cupboards Camps and Dwellings 270 Folding chair 197 Migration and territorial organization 271 Pegs and racks 200 Seasonal movements 271 cradles and swaddling clothes Catalogue nos. 90-94 204 Camps and campsites locks and keys 205 Order and authority 275 Catalogue nos. 95-117 206 The encampment, the hot ail notes 280 207 The pastoral household 210 Tents and tent types 212 The Mongolian felt-covered trellis tent, ger 282 chapter 6 214 The frame Food and Drink 217 The felts 284 Meat – the “red food” 217 The making of felt 287 Milk – “the white food” 219 Outside the ger 290 Tea 222 Recent improvements of the ger 291 Kitchenware tents and tent parts 224 292 The fireplace Catalogue nos. 1-16 295 hearths Catalogue nos. 118-136 235 Inside the ger 235 The plan cooking implements and kitchen 299 utensils 235 The interior arrangement Catalogue nos. 137-157 101773_mongolia_001-027_r2_q16.qxp_Layout 1 29/08/17 09:30 Page 6 101773_mongolia_001-027_r2_q16.qxp_Layout 1 29/08/17 09:30 Page 7 6 contents contents 7 spoons, ladles and scrapers 170 chapter 4 239 Order and etiquette 303 356 chapter Catalogue nos. 158-177 7 Collections 241 Furniture and other ger contents The Five Domesticated Animals 308 containers 241 Floor mats and rugs Catalogue nos. 178-221 173 Haslund inside the museum 359 The animals 242 Decorated felts 176 Registration of the objects 309 Jars for liquid food – stone and earthenware 360 Horses 243 Stitched or quilted felts 178 The Picture Register 310 Metal and wooden buckets and tubs for liquids: water, 364 Camels 245 floor mats 178 The Ethnos Register Catalogue nos. 17-27 milk, airak, wine and tea 367 Cattle, sheep and goats 180 The Paris Collection 314 Canteens for wine, airak and water 372 The equipment 249 sitting mats Catalogue nos. 28-35 181 Mongolian collection exhibited 315 Containers of miscellaneous material and use 372 Riding accoutrements and accessories for horses dried foodstuffs and containers 184 The Mongolian Collection thrones and throne covers 318 horses riding saddles 253 Catalogue nos. 222-246 374 / Catalogue nos. 36-45 Catalogue nos. 367-370 – an antiquarian’s view 320 Containers for dried foodstuffs; various types saddle accessories 186 The Catalogue – an introduction 258 bolsters 377 Catalogue nos. 46-50 C Catalogue nos. 371-380 notes 190 321 Eating, drinking and serving food wooden furniture tea and food bowls bridles 191 Catalogue information 260 321 380 Catalogue nos. 51-89 Catalogue nos. 247-306 Catalogue nos. 381-386 cruppers 262 Tables 323 Wooden bowls; plain types 381 Catalogue nos. 387-389 192 chapter 5 265 Chests and cupboards 327 Wooden bowls, lined and decorated with silverwork whips Camps and Dwellings 383 270 Folding chair 333 Bowl containers Catalogue nos.
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