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The Kabiri Or Girara District, Fly River, Papua. Author(S): A The Kabiri or Girara District, Fly River, Papua. Author(s): A. C. Haddon Source: The Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland, Vol. 46 (Jul. - Dec., 1916), pp. 334-352 Published by: Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/2843397 . Accessed: 08/12/2014 22:56 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at . http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp . JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to The Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland. http://www.jstor.org This content downloaded from 128.235.251.160 on Mon, 8 Dec 2014 22:56:06 PM All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions 334 THE KABIRI OR GIRARA DISTRICT, FLY RIVER, PAPUA. [WITH PLATES XIX-XX.] By A. C. HADDON. THE Kabiri or Girara District is the low-lyingcountry between the Fly River and the Aramia affluentof the Bamu, and extendsfor a short distance beyond the Aramia. Roughly speaking,it extends from about east longitude142' 30' to 1430 15'. It is floodedduring nine months of the year,but thereare innumer- able low hillocksand ridges,some of considerableextent, on whichcoconut-palms are planted whereverthere is roomfor them. The villages are on hillocks,between which communicationis made by means of very long,narrow canloes of shallow draught. There are very large sago swamps; indeed, accordingto Mr. Beaver,' there is a plethora of sago and coconuts; he adds that yams,bananas and sweet potatoesare cultivated,but not to any great extent. Fish abound in the swamps, and are caughtin large conical traps made of cane, somethingafter the style of a lobsterpot [these may be at least 152 cm. (5 feet)in length]. Bird life is abundant; birds of paradise, goura pigeonlsand cassowariesare plentiful. The swampscontain many varietiesof waterfowl. Mr. Lyons2states that the Kabiri (as he terms them) live in some twenty scatteredvillages from Taitiarato in the east,on theFly littoral,to DomoriIsland and to just northof the Aramia River. He describesthe people as distinctlyof Papuan type and of finephysique. The men as a rule go nude, as do some of the women, whilstothers wear a narrowperineal band. Mr. Beaver says the majorityof the men wear a conical fibrehat, decoratedwith feathers, or else a skull cap ofnetwork (Fig. 2). The hair is shaved above the forehead,and a small corkscrewgoatee beard is worn. [Mr. Beaver illustratesthese factsby a photograph.] Mr. Lyons saysall the males adopt the diba, or conical hat, whichis affixedto the hair of the head by some glutinous mixture; the hat is not removed even when sleeping. Generally the outsideof the hat is coveredwith whitelime, and the top is made a receptacle forfeathers. Mr. Beaver says the womencover the head and bosomwith a veil of net. " This is stated to be a mourningdress, but so many of themwear the veil that I can hardly believe it is entirelymourning.3 Their other dress is rather scanty,and consistsof a wisp of grass drawnin tightlybetween the legs. The Girara (as he terms them) emphaticallydeny being cannibals, but admit head- hunting.... They have fivetotems, which descend fromfather to son. These are the pig, the pigeon,the alligator[crocodile], the black snakeand the cassowary." They claim descentfrom a dog (Beaver, in a newspaperinterview). 1 Ann. Rep. Paputa,1911-12, p. 11. 2 Ann.Rep. Papua, 1913-14,p. 99. 3 Landtmanhas no doubt that thesecaps are solelyfor mourning. This content downloaded from 128.235.251.160 on Mon, 8 Dec 2014 22:56:06 PM All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions A. C. HADDON.-The Kabiri or Girara District,Fly -River,Pappua. 335 According to Mr. Lyons, the villages usually contain only one house, which is of immense size, mieasuringanything from 18-29 to 39-62 m. (60 to 130 feet) in length and from50 to 60 feet in breadth. [In a newspaperaccount Mr. Beaver is reportedto have said that the houses were sometiinesas much as 121P92to 152 4 m. (400 to 500 feet) long and 1829 to 24-36 m. (60 to 80 feet) in width.] These houses,which are built on high piles, are well constructedand last formany years. The roofsare high,arched, thatched with sago leaf,and extend to the groundalong each side. Compartmentsare made at the sides of the housesfor the accommodationof the womenand children,who are not permitted,except on certain occasions,to enter the men's portion of the house (genemna).The women enter their apartments from underneath the house. [Mr. Beaver says: "The centreof this huge buildingis a kind of commonhail, which is used only by the :1 FIG. 1.-Chief post (1,3 m.; 4 feet3 inches)and chiefjoist (2 06 m.; 6 feet9 inches) of a Kabiri housein the Port MoresbyMuseum. Collectedby A. P. Lyons at Adiba. From a sketchby Mr. Lyonsand a photographtaken at Port Moresby. men,while the walls of the structureare divided into cubicles in three or four floors,access to whichis gained by means of ladders. The womenare not allowed to enter the building by the same door as the men."-Newspaper report.] Even the single men are restrictedto theirown end of the genema. Marriedmen alone have access to all parts of the house,and, in fact,to everythingconnected with the ceremonialrites of the tribe. The marriedmen's end of the house is called mana. The followinginformation is taken fromMr. Lyons' report,supplemented by his manuscriptnotes. When a suitable site has been selected fora new communial house, the village carveris deputedto preparethe chiefpost (tinmi),and the " chief bearer,"or joist (idadari). The formeris either a carving or a painting of the principalchief. The ends of the chief joist are carved to representthe heads of crocodilesswallowing either birds or numanbeings; usually the head or legs of a rnanare representedas stickingout of thecrocodile's mouth (Fig. 1). Whilst these This content downloaded from 128.235.251.160 on Mon, 8 Dec 2014 22:56:06 PM All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions 336 A. C. HADDON.-The Kabiri or Girara -District,Fly River, Papua. are being made, the women and childrenprepare food fora feast. When all is ready,the people assemble; the chief (wasina) places the chief post in its hole, otherpiles are placed in alignmentwith it,and the chiefjoist is placed on themall; these will formthe middle supportsof the house. The wasina names the village, and thereis much feastingand dancing. When the houseis completed,which often takes many months,another big feastand dance are held. In a letterdated October,1910, and privatelyprinted, the Rev. B. T. Butcher says all the villages are built on the same principle-a great house (that at Mida, or Kubu, is about 200 feet long and 40 feetwide) with a central hall, which runs the entire lengtlhof the house and is reservedfor the use of the men; on either side are the walled-offprivate apartments. These consistof threestoreys. In the lowest of all the cookingis done,the middle one is forthe womenand children,and the top storeyfor the men. The women do not come into the central hall, but reach the cooking and sleeping apartmentsfrom underneath the building. The men reach the various storeysby means of notchedlogs whichrest against the side walls of the hall. The only light in the hall filtersthrough various hlolesand chinksin the walls and the small doorsat eitherend. Thereare no windows. The houses are very high and with an average width of 50 or 60 feet; they are raised 5 or 6 feetfrom the groundon piles. The flooris made of strips of palm trunks laid side by side and formingan undulatingsurface. Illumination is made by means of little lightedsticks (wiki), whichburn slowlyand need constantsnuffing, which is done by knockingoff the charredportion. The house at Barimu is about 450 feetlong, about 50 feetwide, and 30 to 40 feet fromthe ground at the gable. Here Butchersaw the men seated in a circle round their chief,who was beating time with a lightedwiki. Each man had his betel nut and lime gourdby his side, and a lighted wi7ciin his hand with which he beat time in unison with the chief, while boys were chewing "gummada" (kava) for the men's use. One very old man repeatedthe firstword or two of every line of a song before it was sung, then all joined in a weird,musical, deep-toned chant, which ended witha most quaint cry of " Wa ! Hi ! " twice repeated. Butchersays that along both sides of the house at Barimu a straightrow of finecrotons was planted,then came a broad road, 15 or 20 feet wide,and beyond this a line of nicely arrangedand beautifullykept gardens. Lyons furtherstates that a clear space of about 60 feetis leftall roind the genernafor dancing. The gardensare made beyondthe dancing ground; these are long,narrow, rectangular beds of heaped-up earth,finely broken up; paths 10 or 11 feet wide are left betweenthe beds. Coconuts,taro, and a yam called wisa, are planted. An old village usually presentsa prettysight, being surroundedby tall coconutpalms and the clean red clay of the dancingground. The approachesto the villages are also borderedby coconutpalms. The roads between the villages are wide and well kept.
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