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O`ZBEKISTON RESPUBLIKASI OLIY VA O`RTA MAXSUS TA`LIM VAZIRLIGI ZAHIRIDDIN MUHAMMAD BOBUR NOMIDAGI ANDIJON DAVLAT UNIVERSITETI Geografiya kafedrasi Qo`lyozma huquqida To`xtayeva Muslima ANDIJON VILOYATI QISHLOQ JOYLAR DEMOGRAFIK VAZIYATI 5440500- geografiya ta`lim yo`nalishi bo`yicha bakalavr akademik darajasini olish uchun yozilgan BITIRUV MALAKAVIY ISHI Ilmiy rahbar: katta o`qituvchi M.Atajonov Andijon - 2014 yil MUNDARIJA: KIRISH ....................................................................................................................3 I. BOB. Qishloq joylar demografik vaziyatini o`rganishning nazariy masalalari ................................................................................................................6 I.1. Qishloq joylar geografik tadqiqotlarning ob`yekti sifatida ..............................6 I.2. Andijon viloyati aholisining o`sish xususiyatlari............................................18 II.BOB. Andijon viloyati qishloq tumanlarida aholining takror barpo bo`lishi....................................................................................................................23 II.1. Demografik jarayonlar va aholi tarkibining hududiy xususiyatlari................23 II.2. Aholi joylashuvi va zichligi.............................................................................44 II.3.Andijon viloyati qishloq joylar rivojlanishining ijtimoiy-demografik muammolari.............................................................................................................52 Xulosa ....................................................................................................................63 Foydalanilgan adabiyotlar ro’yxati.....................................................................65 2 KIRISH Mavzuning dolzarbligi. Aholi jamiyatning asosiy ishlab chiqarish kuchi hisoblanadi. Shuning uchun ham iqtisodiy va ijtimoiy geografiya hamda iqtisodiyot fanlarida aholini o‟rganishga hamisha katta ahamiyat beriladi. Masalan: mamlakat xalq xo‟jaligi tarmoqlarini hududiy joylashtirish va rivojlantirishda aholi soni, o‟sish dinamikasi, uning takror barpo qilish hususiyatlari, migratsiya jarayoni, aholining hududiy joylashuvi va zichligi, mehnat resurslari va ularning xususiyatlari kabi ko‟rsatkichlari muhim ahamiyat kasb etadi. Bugungi kunda Andijon viloyati o‟zining demografik holati bo‟yicha O‟zbekistonning eng murakkab hududlaridan biri hisoblanadi. Buning ta‟sirida viloyatda ko‟plab iqtisodiy va ijtimoiy muammolar vujudga kelgan. Ushbu muammolarni bartaraf etish maqsadida ko‟plab ishlar amalga oshirilmoqda. Jumladan, sanoatni rivojlantirish orqali yangi ishchi o‟rinlari yaratilib, mehnat resurslari talabi qisman bo‟lsa-da qondirilmoqda. Shu bilan birga ayrim tumanlarda ushbu dolzarb muammoga yetarlicha e‟tibor berilmasligi natijasida ijtimoiy-iqtisodiy vaziyat yanada murakkablashib boryapti. Chunki, qishloq, eng avvalo, aholi yashaydigan joy, manzil hisoblanadi. Aholi esa o`z-o`zini takror barpo qilish xususiyatiga ega bo`lishi barobarida u moddiy va ma`naviy boyliklarning yaratuvchisi va ayni vaqtda bu boyliklarning iste`molchisi hamdir.1 Andijon viloyatining ijtimoiy-iqtisodiy muammolari ko‟p jihatdan aholining yuqori tabiiy o‟sishi, tarkibi, hududiy joylashuvi bilan izohlanadi hamda mehnat resurslaridan oqilona va samarali foydalanish muammosi bugungi kunning muhim masalalaridan biri bo‟lib, o‟zining tez fursatdagi ijobiy yechimini kutmoqda. Mavzuning o’rganilganlik darajasi. Aholi va mehnat resurslaridan samarali foydalanish iqtisodiyotning eng muhim muammolaridan biri bo`lib, jamiyatdagi ko`plab masalalar u bilan bog`liq. Shuning uchun uni tadqiq etish hamisha kun tartibidagi asosiy masalalardan biri bo`lib kelgan. Demografik vaziyat ko`plab fanlar, jumladan iqtisodchilar, iqtisodchi geograflar, demograflar, sotsiologlar, faylasuflar va boshqa fan vakillari o`rganadi. Ular ichida iqtisodchi geograflar muhim o`rin egallab, mehnat resurslarining shakllanishi va milliy-davlat hududi bo`ylab taqsimlanishi hamda ulardan oqilona foydalanish yo`llarini o`rganadi. Demografiya muammosi bilan O`zbekistonda К.H.Аbduraxmonov, О.B.Аtamirzaev, М.R.Bo`riyeva, М.К.Qоraxonov, L.P.Маksakova, H.S.Salimov, I.Safarov, А.S.Sоliyev, R.Ubaydullayeva, А.А.Qаyumov va boshqalar ilmiy-tadqiqot ishlari olib borganlar. Аndijon viloyati aholisi va mehnat resurslariga oid ilmiy ishlar А.Sоtvoldiyev, А.Hаtаmоv, R.B.Qodirov, I.Sulaymonov, S.Zokirovlarning ishlarida e`lon qilingan. 1 Soliyev A.S., Nazarov M. O„zbekiston qishloqlari (Qishloq joylar geografiyasi).-T.2009.-212 b 3 Ishning maqsadi va vazifalari. Bitiruv malakaviy ishni bajarishdan maqsad Andijon viloyati qishloq joylar aholisi soni, yosh, jinsiy, milliy tarkibini, migratsion faoliyatini, aholining hududiy joylashuvi va zichligini, urbanizatsiya darajasini, mehnat resurslari soni va shakllanishiga ta`sir etuvchi omillarni, bandlik darajasini o‟rganishdan iborat. Vazifalari: - Andijon viloyati qishloq joylar aholisi soni va uning o`sish manbalarini aniqlash; - Andijon viloyati qishloq joylar aholisining hududiy joylashuvi, zichligi darajasining o‟ziga xos xususiyatlarini taxlil qilish va istiqbolini belgilashning uslubiy asoslarini ishlab chiqish; - Andijon viloyati qishloq joylar mehnat resurslari soni va shakllanishiga ta`sir etuvchi omillarni aniqlash va b. BMI ning obyekti. Andijon viloyati qishloq joylar demografik vaziyati. BMI ning predmeti. Andijon viloyati qishloq joylar demografik vaziyati hususiyatlarining geografik jixatlarini o‟rganishdan iborat. BMI ning nazariy uslubiy asoslari. Mamlakatimizning geograf va demograf olimlarining ilmiy ishlari, o‟quv uslubiy qo‟llanmalari hamda O‟zbekiston respublikasi qonunlari, O‟zbekiston Prezidenti I.A.Karimov asarlari va farmonlari, hukumatimiz qarorlari xizmat qildi. Tadqiqot jarayonida statistik, guruhlash, taqqoslash, bashoratlash uslublari qo‟llanildi. Tadqiqotda, Andijon viloyati hokimligi “Aholi va mehnatni ijtimoiy muhofaza qilish” bo`limi va Andijon viloyati “Statistika Bosh boshqarma” si ma‟lumotlaridan keng foydalanildi. BMI ning ilmiy yangiliklari quyidagilarda o’z aksini topgan. -Andijon viloyati qishloq joylar demografik vaziyatining o‟ziga xos xususiyatlari tahlil qilingan va ochib berilgan; -Andijon viloyati qishloq joylar demografik vaziyati muammolari yoritib berilgan. BMI ning amaliy ahamiyati va natijalarini amalyotga joriy qilish. BMI natijalarining amaliyotga joriy qilinishi Andijon viloyati aholisi va iqtisodiyot tarmoqlarini joylashtirishdagi va infrastruktura tizimining rivojlanishidagi ayrim muammolarining bartaraf qilinishini ta‟minlaydi, maqsadli dasturlar va istiqbolli rejalar ishlab chiqishga asos bo‟lib xizmat qiladi. BMIning natijalaridan Andijon viloyati aholisi va mehnatni ijtimoiy muhofaza qilishda, mehnat resurslaridan foydalanish muammolarini yechishda foydalanish uchun hamda iqtisodiy va ijtimoiy geografiya fanlar tizimidagi ayrim fanlarni o‟qitishda foydalanish mumkin. 4 I. BOB. Qishloq joylar demografik vaziyatini o`rganishning nazariy masalalari I.1. Qishloq joylar geografik tadqiqotlarning ob`yekti sifatida Qishloq joylar shahar va shaharchalardan tashqaridagi hududlar bo„lib, ularda qishloq xo„jaligida muntazam foydalanadigan yerlar hamda doimiy aholi manzilgohlari (punktlari) mavjud bo„lishi kerak. Demak, qishloq joylar geografik kartada areal, maydon ko„rinishida, qishloq aholi punktlari esa ular ichidagi nuqtasimon shakldagi jamiyatning ijtimoiy-hududiy tashkil etish birligi hisoblanadi. Qishloqlar shaharlarga qaraganda aholi yashash joyining qadimiyroq shaklidir. To„g„ri, qadimda dastlabki aholi manzilgohlari shahar yoki qishloq deb atalmagan. Qishloqlarning vujudga kelishi ijtimoiy mehnat taqsimotida sug„orma dehqonchilik madaniyati rivojlanishi bilan bog„liq bo„lgan. Sug„orma dehqonchilik avvallari tabiiy suv oqimidan foydalangan holda olib borilgan, keyinchalik sug„orish inshootlari (to„g„on, kanal va b.) va vositalari (chig„iriq) asosida rivojlangan. Albatta, bunday inshootlar yoki hozirgi zamon tili bilan aytganda, irrigatsiya infratuzilmalarini yaratish, qo„riqlash va ulardan foydalanish keng jamoatchilik mehnatini, aholini bir joyda va birgalikda yashashini taqozo etgan. Shunday qilib, jamoa (sotsium), kishilarning hududiy birligi, turg„un aholi manzilgohlari paydo bo„lgan. Sug„orma dehqonchilikning chorvachilikdan ajralib chiqishi, shu asosda hunarmandchilik va savdoning rivojlanib borishi natijasida ijtimoiy va hududiy mehnat taqsimotining navbatdagi muhim bosqichi boshlangan. Jamiyat hayotdagi bunday o„zgarishlar qishloqlardan shaharlarning ajralib chiqishiga va rivojlanib borishiga sabab bo„lgan. Aynan shu davrdan boshlab ijtimoiy hayotni hududiy tashkil etilishining ikki shakli, ya‟ni qishloqlar va shaharlar vujudga kelgan[18]. E‟tirof etish joizki, shaharlar qishloqlardan ajralib chiqqan, aksincha emas. Binobarin, aytish mumkinki, dastlabki shaharlarning kelib chiqishi qishloqlar bilan bog„liq bo„lgan. Shu bois, Yer yuzasining eng qadimiy shaharlari ham aynan Yaqin SHarq, hozirgi Isroil, Iordaniya, Suriya mamlakatlari hududida shakllangan. 5 Qishloqlarning bunday evolyutsion tarzda paydo bo„lishi va rivojlanishi L.I.Mechnikovning daryo (sug„orma dehqonchilik) sivilizatsiyasi yoki madaniyati konsepsiyasiga muvofiq yuz bergan. Shu nuqtai nazardan Sharq tarixi, madaniyatini qishloq va shaharlarning ajralmas birligi deb ta‟riflashgan. Boshqa hududlarda esa, qishloqlarning vujudga kelishi makon va zamon jihatidan farq qilib, o„zgacha amalga oshgan[18]. Bizning sharoitimizda qishloqlar “qishlov” ma‟nosini anglatsa ajab emas. Chunki, yaqin
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    Dynamics of Soil-Geographical Research in the Fergana Valley (1918-1945)

    The American Journal of Applied sciences IMPACT FACTOR – (ISSN 2689-0992) 2021: 5. 634 Published: June 30, 2021 | Pages: 44-50 Doi: https://doi.org/10.37547/tajas/Volume03Issue06-07 OCLC - 1121105553 Dynamics Of Soil-Geographical Research In The Fergana Valley (1918-1945) Abdusamad Abdumalikovich Hamidov Senior Lecturer, Ph.D.Fergana State University, Uzbekistan Journal Website: http://theamericanjour nals.com/index.php/taj as Copyright: Original content from this work may be used under the terms of the creative commons attributes 4.0 licence. ABSTRACT The article describes, in detail, the dynamical development of soil and geographical research conducted in the Fergana Valley in 1918-1945. Exactly at those years the comprehensivestudy introduction of the soils of the Fergana Valley was scientifically substantiated by the prevalence of different soils in the region, and specific scientific ideas were developed. The article describes in detail the growing geo-ecological significance of soil in the process of geographical research conducted in 1918-1945 and describes its scientific results. KEYWORDS Fergana valley, nutrient base, soil-geographical, soil-ameliorative, soil-botanical, bare soils, saline soils, viorst, scale, expeditionary research, route-recognition, lyoss genesis, systematic research, mechanical, chemical composition of soils. INTRODUCTION Soil surveys in the Fergana Valley have taken very large scale.The expansion of arable land on the character of a goal-oriented systematic from year to year, the measures taken to description only in recent years. It is known obtain high yields, the introduction of new that the pre-revolutionary studies were mainly varieties of industrial crops, the creation of a schematic description of the maps, which solid fodder base for livestock, afforestation were based on route-reconnaissance and agro-amelioration - these are the many observations.
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    The Department of General Surgery

    The Department of General Surgery The Department of General Surgery under Andizhan State Medical Institute was founded in 1957 on the base of surgery department in the hospital of Andizhan city. As a head of department was appointed docent Karayev.I.K ; as assistants Rahimov S.R., Saidhonov A.C ,Ibadov I.Y , and Muhammedov J.A. Nowadays docent Salahiddinov Sarvar Zaynobiddinovich is the head of this department. From 1964 to 1979 the head of the department was docent Xodjayev D.X. From 1982 to 1988 professor Holmatov O.X During this period the clinical hospital of ASMI was transferred to the second Surgery Department From 1989 to 1991 the head of this department was professor Obid Siddikovich Siddikov From 1991 to 1993 docent Xakimov S.P. From 1993 to 2014 professor Urinov A.Y. was the head of the Surgery Department Docent I.K.Karayev under the guidance of academician Bakulev at Heart Blood Surgery Research Institute defended his doctoral dissertation and went to the Medical Institute in Stavropol In 1964 the head of the department was V.M.Markushev. And from 1965 he worked in Ufa Medical Institute From 1979 to 1966 the head of the department was Najmitdinov Nozim Najmitdinovich From 1967 to 1968 docent Svirko Vyacheslav Mihaylovich From 1968 the scientist from Andizhan docent Dadash Xodjayevich Xodjayev started to govern the department. During these years Saidhonov A.S.,Rahimov S.R defended their doctoral dissertations about “Endemic theroid disease” I.Y.Ibadov about “Types and peculiarities of stones in urinary stone diseases” Later he defended his dissertation on “The importance of invagicion methods in intenstinal anastomoses” U.A.
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    European Science Review

    European Science Review № 7–8 2020 July– August PREMIER Vienna Publishing 2020 European Science Review Scientifi c journal № 7–8 2020 (July– August) ISSN 2310-5577 Editor-in-chief Lucas Koenig, Austria, Doctor of Economics International editorial board Abdulkasimov Ali, Uzbekistan, Doctor of Geography Kocherbaeva Aynura Anatolevna, Kyrgyzstan, Doctor of Economics Adieva Aynura Abduzhalalovna, Kyrgyzstan, Doctor of Economics Kushaliyev Kaisar Zhalitovich, Kazakhstan, Doctor of Veterinary Medicine Arabaev Cholponkul Isaevich, Kyrgyzstan, Doctor of Law Lekerova Gulsim, Kazakhstan, Doctor of Psychology Zagir V. Atayev, Russia, Ph.D. of of Geographical Sciences Melnichuk Marina Vladimirovna, Russia, Doctor of Economics Akhmedova Raziyat Abdullayevna, Russia, Doctor of Philology Meymanov Bakyt Katt oevich, Kyrgyzstan, Doctor of Economics Balabiev Kairat Rahimovich, Kazakhstan, Doctor of Law Moldabek Kulakhmet, Kazakhstan, Doctor of Education Barlybaeva Saule Hatiyatovna, Kazakhstan, Doctor of History Morozova Natalay Ivanovna, Russia, Doctor of Economics Bejanidze Irina Zurabovna, Georgia, Doctor of Chemistry Moskvin Victor Anatolevich, Russia, Doctor of Psychology Bestugin Alexander Roaldovich, Russia, Doctor of Engineering Sciences Nagiyev Polad Yusif, Azerbaijan, Ph.D. of Agricultural Sciences Boselin S.R. Prabhu, India, Doctor of Engineering Sciences Naletova Natalia Yurevna, Russia, Doctor of Education Bondarenko Natalia Grigorievna, Russia, Doctor of Philosophy Novikov Alexei, Russia, Doctor of Education Bogolib Tatiana Maksimovna, Ukraine, Doctor of Economics Salaev Sanatbek Komiljanovich, Uzbekistan, Doctor of Economics Bulatbaeva Aygul Abdimazhitovna, Kazakhstan, Doctor of Education Shadiev Rizamat Davranovich, Uzbekistan, Doctor of Education Chiladze George Bidzinovich, Georgia, Doctor of Economics, Doctor of Law Shhahutova Zarema Zorievna, Russia, Ph.D. of Education Dalibor M. Elezović, Serbia, Doctor of History Soltanova Nazilya Bagir, Azerbaijan, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.