EURASIAN JOURNAL OF ACADEMIC RESEARCH Innovative Academy Research Support Center www.innacademy.uz

NAMES OF PLACES WITH A NATURAL-GEOGRAPHICAL BASIS ENVIRONMENTAL FUNCTIONS Madrakhimov Ablazbek Erkinjon o’g’li1 1 Fergana State University master's degree https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4904161

ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Received: 20th May 2021 This article highlights the ecological functions of Accepted: 25th May 2021 Online: 30th May 2021 the place names that have a natural-geographic wand in the . A brief summary of the names of some KEY WORDS Fergana Valley, landscape, places is expressed. desert, steppe, geographical term, ecological function, monument of nature.

The introductory part. In analyzing precipitation, hot-cold, etc.).) the result will the current state and variation of landscapes also be. typical for the Fergana Valley, it is possible to As a result of these processes, various forms, use Geographic Names that reflect the existing geographical objects representing the natural landscape types. The geographical names features of the place, are widely distributed associated with the type of landscape from the around the world. However, when studying specific natural geographic features of the them geographically, attention is paid only to territory, give information about the past of the change of the object in the influence of these natural objects, the change and the external forces, its specific shape, aesthetic current state of them as a result of the influence aspects. Little attention is paid to such aspects of anthropogen, in addition to the adresic as the fact that the geographic object and its function, which is the main function of name correspond to today's natural-social Geographic Names, also performs an features. In addition, such geographical names ecological function. as the above become the image, embodiment, It is known that changes in natural image of the place, creating geoconception that landscapes are influenced by various characterize its unique natural features. processes. Especially as a result of economic The main part. The Fergana Valley is activity of people, changing landscape types characterized by the fact that the words steppe, are observed in densely distributed, sand, desert are widely used in the composition economically developed regions of the of Geographic, denoting the landscape population. In this regard, it should be noted structure and features of the place. In the that changes in natural landscapes, specific researches, the boundaries of these landscape manifestations are caused not only by the zones are also changing and it was determined influence of economic activity on people, but from the geographical nomenclature. also by natural processes occurring on the Usually the steppe is a geographical term used ground (tectonic movements, wind, in relation to the "unpaved, waterless desert".

Volume 1 Issue 02, May 2021 ISSN 2181-2020 Page 1027 EURASIAN JOURNAL OF ACADEMIC RESEARCH Innovative Academy Research Support Center www.innacademy.uz In natural geography, the steppe is said to be a information about the natural-landscape natural zone, a region that is located in the conditions of the place, are also involved, do North relative to the desert, richer than in the not correspond to the regions where today's flora and fauna. The names of places related to natural landscapes are distributed. In the the steppe Sor are repeated in the form of villages known as steppe-Yunus (Baghdad Vurugdashti, Steppe, steppe village, steppe district), steppe, Choligulistan (Rishton neighborhood, steppe Pandigon, steppe mill, district), the components reminiscent of the steppe, steppe Hasan, Archer, Ghanidasht, desert landscape are almost not met today. Khoshimdasht. The areas of today's Under the influence of human economic geographical distribution of the name areal are activity, the area of desert landscapes in Besharik, Stony, Kuva, Izkankan, Baghdad, Central Ferghana is also sharply reduced from , Dograkurgan, Rishton, year to year. In most of these places, natural , Uchkoprik districts, and are steppes and sand dunes are almost not mainly suitable for areas where the desert and encountered. There is a problem of preserving steppe landscapes are scattered. However, this these landscapes as a monument of nature. steppe zone is mastered with the help of Because the area of the nature monument powerful irrigation systems. As a result of the "Yazyovon steppes" is shrinking from year to transfer of all the major channels in the valley year. from this area, this type of landscape was In the Fergana Valley, geographic completely finished at the end of the last names representing the terrestrial structure of century and in place were built Anthropoid the place are common. Such geographical landscapes. Also, the names of places with the names associated with the structure, levels of participation of the "sand" suffix associated the terrain relief-oronyms include not only with the landscape structure of the place in the mountain, (stone) adir, Heights and hills, but valley are chalk, Akkum, Karakum, Kumbosti, also negative forms of the relief - valleys, sand, Kumarik, Kumguzar, Kumkishlag. In Gorges, ravines, shadows, groove-outs, as well this regard, it should also be taken into account as Plains, low - plains. Over time, the release that the occurrence of these place names can of the object can change, but the name that occur on the basis of the legislation of relative expresses the same release will remain. This negativity. According to him, when naming a group can also include geographic names place, the name of natural and social objects, beginning with the word "Stone" (Sang). These which are relatively rare for this territory, names were used as the common name of the attracts everyone's attention, is chosen. As a stone cobwebs – solid Mountaineers in the rule, with a sandy area, other soils are composition, or separately Standing Rock. scattered, in the border areas these names are Names of neighborhoods and villages such as many there. Therefore, these names are the tashabad, , Tashlak, Tashlaktepa, most common in the districts bordering the Tashkurgan, Tashhuvuz, Polvontos, Sanglak, Central Fergana, sometimes even after the Sangzor were recorded and the stone soy adress zone. For example, such as Karakum toponym contained in them was used as a (Kuva district), Kumguzar (Bulukbashi binder. It is known that the withdrawal of the district). It is possible to observe that the sea from the Fergana Depression occurred at regions where the geographical names are the end of the Tertiary period, the mountains in distributed, in which the words Boz, salty, the Paleozoic era, the Adirs in the mesazoic desert, forest, grass, desert, which provide era, the plains in the Quaternary period turned

Volume 1 Issue 02, May 2021 ISSN 2181-2020 Page 1028 EURASIAN JOURNAL OF ACADEMIC RESEARCH Innovative Academy Research Support Center www.innacademy.uz into droughts. As a result of the ascent of the Yorkucha, Keskanyor, Yangikurgon, taiga foothills in the Valley, groundwater Yorkishlak in Chust districts, Yorkishlak in moved towards its central part, as a result of region, Yorkishlak, Akyor, which there were marshes and marshes. In the Kuyganyor, Fergana District of Fergana valley, the population was mainly engaged in region, Yormozor, Yordon. When the livestock farming, irrigated farming and territorial distribution of the Fergana Valley is mountaineering. It was observed that after the considered with the help of field research, it is Half-Life of the population engaged in cattle possible to observe that their today's breeding began to live, they fell into the lower distribution regions have changed little. It is parts of the Valley and prepared for themselves possible to observe that such names are given a special place for wintering. Convenient to water bodies, settlements, landscape types. places for such a population to live were the In particular, if the names of the Jarik, Tagijar hills and the surrounding areas. As a result, it are given to water objects, the names of is possible that the population mastered the Jamanjar, Vortex, Cartepa, Jarnami are given lands around the hills and built their to landscape types, jargon, slang, jargon, settlements on these lands initially in the form Akjar, Uzbekqoq are given to settlements. The of temporary "fortifications" (such as in the initial thoughts about the use of the combing form of fortifications, hillocks, sandstorms, function of these names are H.H.Hasanov, steppes, jargons, Spruce), and then in the form S.Karaev, N.It was given by such researchers of villages. The name of the geographical as okhunov. The combing functions of these objects involved in the" top " survey is names have the opportunity, first of all, to use repeated more than 60 times in the Fergana land and water resources in farming. Valley. To them are Aziztepa, Arabtepa, Cartographic analysis of the territorial location Arziktepa, Ashqoltepa, chalk, honeycomb, of these names shows that they are located in Yortepa, Zindontepa, Kamoltepa, Kitkontepa, the basins, sometimes in steep relief Mingtepa, Munchoqtepa, Aktepa, Simtepa, landscapes, in the high plains of the foothills, Sochtepa, Surxtepa, Tashtepa, Tepekürg, in the landscapes of the range of adiris, Taiga Uchtepa, Şahartepa, Kızıltepa. In the Valley, and adir, in the upper parts of conical spreads. Geographic Names formed by the so-called From an administrative point of view, it can be "Pit" (yor, yar), which reflect the negative seen that in the regions of Kosonsay, relief properties of the place, are also common. Uzbekistan, Besharik, Fergana, Pakhtaabad are The pit is a depth of different sizes, which is given to many microtoponyms (fields, places, formed from the fact that these temporary small ditches), except for large villages, flowing waters carved and washed the Earth. counties. Such, from the point of view of the The pit is mostly formed from the soft use of nature, it is desirable to use names that rocks(lyoss, lyosimon kumak), High Plains, denote a negative form of release (low, low, much three along the slope of the foothills. The deep) in the sense of the comb function, in the pit also means depth, lowness in toponymy in arrangement of settlements, industrial general. In the Valley, a pitcher was involved vatransporttiz, except for rural areas. It can be in the name of such geographical objects as noted that the Valley corresponds to the name Anorjar, Jamanjar, Jararik, Jarbashi, Jarmachit, of the form of relief in settlements called: jargon, jargon, Oqjar, Tagijar, Kyzyljar. In the Adirbobo, Pakanaadir, Chordara, Hawthorn, District of there are Belarus, belt, honeycomb or deep-pit, deep-pit villages called Yortepa, Yorkurgan, Yortagi, cabinets with a deep-pit. Even in the

Volume 1 Issue 02, May 2021 ISSN 2181-2020 Page 1029 EURASIAN JOURNAL OF ACADEMIC RESEARCH Innovative Academy Research Support Center www.innacademy.uz expression of the location of one population Peshku, Baku in the sense of the word is Punkt in relation to another population Punkt, emphasized by researchers. In this regard, it is the words high and low (lower, lower), from noteworthy that in the name of the largest cities the general berk state of the Valley, many of of the Valley VA, the general geographical the geographical names involved fly. features of the Commonwealth are taken into It is possible to observe that geographic account. The Kokand was originally recorded objects bearing such names are widely in the form of Khukand (Khuvakand) and distributed mainly in the high plains of the Khukand in the works of "Hudud al-Alam", foothills and conical expanses, on the territory then Istakhriy, Ibn Havkal. H.Hasanov of the wreckage of the Adir horde. In comments on Kokand as "the city of Khukand particular, such as high, high Substituteboy, – wind, the city of sershamol". The second high spruce, high Beshkapa, high hornbeam, component of my toponym is " kand "(village), high rollers, High Valley, High rosehip, high in the sense of the city. The fall of the sound D Zarkaynar, high snowball, high Mangite, high is a characteristic feature of the Uzbek Mindon, high Mirzaabad, high Moyan, high language. The first part of the name sheep hu Rowan, High Navkent, high Tavol, High means "wind". So The Cuckoo means" the city Cross, High Suburban, High-Suburban, High- of the wind". suburban. Such names are created in Conclusion. In the Fergana Valley, the accordance with the law of the rows in the geographical names denoting the landscape science of toponymic, and in the immediate structure and features of the place are vicinity of the villages it is possible to see the distinguished by the fact that the words steppe, names of the place where the same village or sand, steppe are widely used in their city was built with the name of itself or with composition. In the researches, the boundaries the addition of the words bottom (bottom) to it. of these landscape zones are also changing and In the valley, the localities associated it was determined from the geographical with the climate and meteorological nomenclature. The ecological functions of the characteristics of the place are also diverse. It place names, which have a natural-geographic includes Bogishamol, Terskay. In Turkic wand in the Fergana Valley, were covered, and languages, the names formed by the the brief content of some place names was expression, which means wind, also fly. The expressed. use of ku supplement in names such as Chorku

References:

1. Akhmadaliev Yu. I Toponymic and geographic terminology / / tutorial. - Fergana, "Polygraph Service", 2018. 2. Akhmadaliev Yu. I., Otakulov P.S., Mamatisakov J.J Fergana Valley: City, Village and neighborhood names. Explanatory Dictionary of place names.- T. : "Navruz" Publishing House, 2017.

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