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WOOD AUDITORIUM, AVERY HALL GSAPP,

OCTOBER 1—3, 2008

Convened by Graduate School of Architecture, Planning and Preservation, Columbia University

Mark Wigley, Dean

Michael Bell, Professor, Conference Chair

in collaboration with Fu Foundation School of Engineering and Applied Science, Department of Civil Engineering and Engineering Mechanics, Columbia University

Christian Meyer, Chair and Professor

Exclusive sponsor: Lafarge

The conference will be accompanied by the exhibition Concrete Trajectories Curator: Rosana Rubio Hernandez Associate Curator: Jesús Donaire García de la Mora On display in Avery Hall 200 level September 29—October 3, 2008 CONCRETE IS ENTERING A RENEWED ERA OF DEVELOPMENT COORDINATION, AND PRODUCTION THAT INCREASINGLY BLUR

WITH WORLDWIDE IMPLICATIONS AND UNDER RADICALLY NEW THE BOUNDARIES OF PROFESSIONS AND OF MATERIALS. DO

ECONOMIC CIRCUMSTANCES. WHAT ARE THE FUTURES OF CONTEMPORARY MEANS OF STRUCTURAL AND MATERIAL

CONCRETE IN ARCHITECTURE AND ENGINEERING IN TERMS ANALYSIS SUGGEST A WAY OF MODELING MATERIAL ATTRI-

OF TECHNOLOGIES OF REINFORCEMENT, MATERIALS SCIENCE, BUTES SUCH THAT ANALYSIS ITSELF MIGHT PRODUCE A NEW

EMERGING MARKETS AND CAPITALIZATION, GEOGRAPHIC MATERIAL? WILL ALTERNATE TECHNIQUES CREATE A VIRTUAL

PRODUCTION, INSTALLATION, AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT? STRAIN OR QUASI-ALLOY, LEADING TO A POTENTIAL REALM

WHERE WILL INNOVATION HAPPEN AND WHAT WILL INSTIGATE OF COORDINATED MATERIAL ACTION?

POTENTIALS IN DESIGN AND ENGINEERING?

THE COLUMBIA CONFERENCE ON ARCHITECTURE, ENGIN-

THE GOAL OF THIS CONFERENCE IS TO OPEN NEW UNDER- EERING, AND MATERIALS EXPLORES THE BOUNDARIES

STANDINGS OF THIS PERVASIVE, YET EVER-EVOLVING MATE- BETWEEN MATERIALS SCIENCE, ENGINEERING AND DESIGN BY

RIAL. BRINGING TOGETHER A WIDE RANGE OF LEADING MOBILIZING SYMPOSIA, STUDIOS, EXHIBITIONS, BOOKS. AND

ARCHITECTS, ENGINEERS, AND SCHOLARS, THE COLUMBIA FILMS IN AN INTENSELY FOCUSED INVESTIGATION. HOW IS A

CONFERENCE ON ARCHITECTURE, ENGINEERING AND NEW GENERATION OF PROFESSIONALS AND MANUFACTURERS

MATERIALS IS A MULTI-YEAR PROJECT TO EXPLORE THE FUSING ENGINEERING AND ARCHITECTURAL PRACTICES INTO

DRAMATICALLY CHANGING LIMITS OF KNOWN AND NEW RADICAL PLATFORMS FOR DECISIVE URBAN ACTION?

MATERIALS IN AN ERA OF RAPID URBANIZATION AND WITHIN

UNPRECEDENTED FORMS OF TECHNICAL MEASUREMENT,

  CONFERENCE SCIENTIFIC CONCRETE: MEASUREMENT AND COORDINATED ACTION affects aspects of sustainability. With this in mind, what then, can we say about COMMITTEE Concrete is understood to be the building material that virtually assured and concrete in architecture or engineering that we don’t already know—that is, after verified the rise of modern engineered cities. Reinforced concrete, the com- a discussion of its historical role, of its role as indicator of mass, weight, and Michael Bell posite of concrete and steel, instigated more than one hundred years of presence—of its seeming permanence in monumental works? Professor, The Graduate School invention in building form and structure and still is the predominant system in of Architecture, Planning and use today. The fusion relies on both concrete and steel, but it is arguably The persistence of concrete as both a renewed material and a new application is Preservation, Columbia University, concrete that gains the accolades for the plastic shaping of building and space— more urgent then ever if we gauge its current implementation—the scope of its Conference Chair both today and historically—even as this shaping would not be possible without uses. New species of concrete and reinforced concrete are entering the world’s reinforcement. What, then, is concrete, and what are the futures of concrete not markets and rapid urbanization creates as much as 80 percent of the worldwide Jean-Louis Cohen only in terms of its reinforcement but also in terms of its chemical engineering, market for concrete. These factors are instigating a wave of new works drawn Sheldon H. Solow Professor in the its capitalization, its geographic production and installation, and its role in from new circumstances. What are the critical dimensions of this expansion in History of Architecture, Institute of energy and environmental impact? Is it still fruitful today to examine a material in terms of urbanity or architectural space and structure—the plastic aspects of Fine Arts, New York University isolation? design? What are the futures of concrete in regard to contracting and implemen- tation—of coordination of economic circumstance as much as labor or materials? Laurie Hawkinson In the matrix of reinforced concrete it is concrete that seems to be the colloquial Professor, The Graduate School focus—the role of steel, even as reinforcement, is essential and integral yet it URBANISM AND INFRASTRUCTURE: CONCRETE PLUS of Architecture, Planning and has less value in the popular discussion of building. The confidence to imagine In its known roles concrete has never been far from urbanism or from being Preservation, Columbia University new forms of plastic work, however, was sourced and manifest in this hybrid of vested as a form of civil life itself. From its essential chemical engineering to its steel and concrete. The rationalization of structure lies with the fusion of two place in formal aesthetics and the plastic arts, concrete has often been seen as Juan Herreros materials—the synergism between the properties of the two materials. Today the source of a kind of pragmatic brilliance: as basic and essential, yet also Professor, Escuela Técnica Superior the techniques of both reinforcement and concrete are dramatically changing lofting the indices of social life and public progress and carrying the weight of de Arquitectura de Madrid even as rapid urbanization does not fully allow change to incubate. What future perceived urban success and urban failures. Concrete has also been expected to roles do we see for both aspects of hybrid structures—both for reinforced provide aspects of the ineffable. Its properties provide a sense of permanence, Christian Meyer concrete and for the wider aspect of hybrid or concerted action? but it also has been the very material to provide everything but permanence: Chair and Professor, Department of concrete is intrinsically based in concepts of time and of movement—of flow and Civil Engineering and Engineering PARALLEL ACTION the formalization of flow, and here it can perhaps be renewed as a temporal Mechanics, Columbia University In the past decade the concept of a composite or what would constitute medium—as something that is both actual and a model. It is both fixed and in concerted but segregate behavior between materials has come under a new lens transition—solid, but only as a stage that indicates attributes of solidity. Jacques Lukasik of evaluation and opportunity. Can we still talk about reinforced concrete with Recall the use of concrete in the banked test tracks at the Fiat factory in Turin Group Senior Vice President, the operative word reinforced—or is a more complex interaction now the key to completed in 1923; concrete as the substratum upon which acceleration and Scientific Affairs, Lafarge our thinking about material coordination? Is concrete still reinforced or can we centrifugal force were played out above a factory where column span was a supplant that term with new more accurate terms? What constitutes coordinated component of production, labor, and efficiency. Compare this to the stilled and Antoine Picon materials today and how are we reinventing the control of coordinated structural expansive spans—the fragile lofted interiors of Auguste Perret ‘s Notre Dame du Professor of the History of assemblies both before and after construction? What are the limits of the Raincy completed almost simultaneously or the concave modeling of the Architecture and Technology, modeling of complex or coordinated behavior of structural form? surfaces of Le Corbusier’s Ronchamp. Concrete as we have historically received Graduate School of Design, Harvard it has always been concrete plus form—but also concrete plus speed plus University Aspects of time and duration—the nature of material in time and its application, aesthetics plus abstraction. but also under effects such as thermal action or long-term deterioration—are Jesse Reiser central to our work and are more carefully examined today. Engineers, archi- What don’t we know about concrete going forward—to the day after tomorrow? Professor, School of Architecture, tects, and materials scientists are more able to predict and anticipate the To next year? Ten years from now? Princeton University interaction and dynamic relationships between materials with a level of accuracy that was not possible even ten years ago. These examinations of material These histories can be projected into future states: to uses of concrete in Werner Sobek behavior arguably more fully constitute the cutting edge in architecture and infrastructure, in waterworks, in airports, in military installations, and, predomi- Professor and Director, Institute for engineering than the material itself—that is, the techniques of measurement and nantly, within the rapid development of cities today. This conference brings Lightweight Structures and prediction might be seen as equal to and in part constitute a mode of material. In leading architects, scholars, and engineers to Columbia University to discuss the Conceptual Design, University of this regard do we begin to see materials as approaching or differentiating implications of new technologies in concrete within architecture and engi- themselves from each other as forms of behavior rather than as intrinsic neering, at the scale of building and at the scale of infrastructure—within new differences? Are species of material modeling attributes of material: do they forms of measurement, coordination, and production. Mark Wigley form a circumstance that is by nature material and intrinsic? Dean, The Graduate School —Michael Bell, Conference Chair of Architecture, Planning and NEW LOCATIONS, SAME MATERIAL Preservation, Columbia University Material persists in isolation even as it cannot be as easily segregated as it once might have been; material offers innovation at its own inherent levels and within its own chemical engineering. Industries are still segregate as well, and their locations, means of capitalization, and relation to labor and economies are key to how something is built and in the case of contemporary global trade it also

  Wednesday October 1

6:30—8:00 PM WELCOMING REMARKS AND KEYNOTE LECTURE INTRODUCTION TO CONFERENCE Steven Holl Mark Wigley Professor, GSAPP, Dean, GSAPP, Columbia University Columbia University

Bruno Lafont Chairman and CEO, Lafarge

  THURSDAY October 2

10:00—10:30 AM WELCOME, INTRODUCTION, AND STRUCTURE OF THE CONFERENCE 10:30 AM—12:00 PM PLASTIC MATERIAL=PLASTIC SPACE

Mark Wigley Moderator: Michael Bell If concrete has virtually constituted a material history of the antique city and its Dean, GSAPP, Columbia University Professor, GSAPP, Columbia infrastructure it is also understood and referenced by an often narrowly received University history that presents its links to modern urbanization and metropolitan life as Christian Meyer inevitable, robust, and vigorous. Concrete in this regard is fundamentally central Chair and Professor, Preston Scott Cohen to modern architecture and to the modern city. Based in the work of Auguste Department of Civil Engineering Gerald M. McCue Professor in Perret, reinforced concrete is, however, situated as a rational, pragmatic and Engineering Mechanics, Architecture and Chair, Department material that is also given tenuous balance and tremendously delicate installa- Columbia University of Architecture, Graduate School of tion: it is pushed to limits of structure, formwork, and execution and it weaves Design, Harvard University between the rationalized aspects of a modern society and the traces and Michael Bell signifiers of historical programs and building types such as the basilica. Perret Professor, GSAPP, Neil Denari showed a deeply restrained relation to the plastic aspects of concrete that are Columbia University Professor-in-Residence, Department commonly known in the work of Le Corbusier. Plasticity of form and the of Architecture and Urban Design, rationalization of construction dominate architectural thought in the 20th University of California, Los Angeles century and Le Corbusier’s architecture made both cases emphatically, but there were hybrid directions that were more often tenuous and they bear renewed Detlef Mertins examination in light of new advances in concrete today that show it to be a Professor of Architecture, School of material of more technical refinement. Giuseppe Terragni’s work in concrete Design, University of Pennsylvania replaced an expected robustness with a severe and thinned surface planarity easily associated with Mies van der Rohe’s work in glass, marble, and/or Pierluigi Serraino travertine. Richard Neutra’s Lovell Health House (indeed his entire career) fused Architect, Anshen+Allen Architects light steel framing technologies with similarly planar readings that made San Francisco concrete seem as planar and as liquid as glass in his work. His Lovell Health House was a hybrid structure of steel stiffened by the diaphragm action of concrete. Terragni and Le Corbusier both used ferroconcrete for thinner, more 12:00—1:30 PM planar installations—in stair balustrades and other details—narrowing the wall Break from the normal robust installation in structure or building volume. Today can these be seen as precursors to new problems in concrete: are the histories of concrete too narrowly understood and can they be reopened to provide new tributaries? How, for example, do concrete and construction materials integrate with other systems today and those from the outset of the 20th century? How are concrete works dismantled—is there innovation in the expected life span of materials that affect design? Do we still expect material properties to affect space in architecture and engineering; how is material understood as plastic and expressive? What constitutes a material’s limits?

Le Corbusier worked in concrete for an entire career. Mies approached a quasi- nihilism in his arid a-plastic spaces realized in steel, glass, and quarried stone— he did not pursue concrete after his early works, but his work represents an instrumental role of measure, calculation, and precision of tectonic expression that seems more central today then ever. For all its weight, concrete has almost always been simultaneously an indicator of empty space—by way of surface and volume, and at times of lightness (as in the work of Perret). These ideas are renewed as we reexamine concrete not only as surface and form but also as integral to and coordinated with other materials; as composites that are not so much assemblies but alloys—new materials in total with new potentials.

10 11 1:30—3:00 PM FORMWORK: BUILDING A BUILDING TWICE 3:15—5:00 PM CONCRETE TECHNOLOGIES: NEW FORMS OF FLOW AND OF TIME

Moderator: Mabel Wilson Advanced work in the chemical makeup of concrete allows new methods of Moderator: Antoine Picon Still recent advances in the workability and flow properties of concrete Professor, GSAPP, Columbia formwork and newly extensive pours. Yet to build in concrete is still to build twice: Professor of the History of dramatically alter what we can achieve in concrete construction and design. University one builds the formwork prior to the pour. What aspects of formwork change in Architecture and Technology, Self-consolidating concrete has revolutionized the field in recent years and light of new concrete mixtures? What evolutions in formwork such as precasting Graduate School of Design, these changes coincide with concepts of flow in a wide range of disciplines. Angelo Bucci or lost formwork have greatest implications for our work? At the small scale, Harvard University Faculdade de Arquitetura e formwork is often literally rented and relocated from site to site. Does the Woven into existing circumstances, concrete requires focus, precision, and an Urbanismo, Universidad de formwork constitute an absent origin—the trace of a once immense outward Sanford Kwinter ultimate willingness to see the work last—it is not a temporary material and its São Paulo force—or is its significance less critical than in previous generations? What Professor, School of Architecture, execution requires a view to what will likely be the next century. How do we aspects of formwork can be seen as essential and/or intrinsic to the work Rice University, and Graduate School measure doubt and apprehension in light of a long-lasting material? What Fernando Menis —how is it designed and understood as a temporal medium versus an unacknowl- of Design, Harvard University concepts of flow present in the formation of concrete can be applied to themes Architect, Fernando Menis, edged pre-structure? of use, space, or the other aspects of the life of the concrete building? Santa Cruz de Tenerife Toshiko Mori What role will cementitious structural insulated panels play in future work—in Robert P. Hubbard Professor in the What role do new technologies—be they of or aside from concrete—offer the Stanley Saitowitz relation to sustainability but also to labor, organization of construction, and Practice of Architecture, Graduate concrete work produced today? How was concrete understood in the early part Emeritus Professor of Architecture, architectural space? School of Design, Harvard University of the 20th century as an attribute of technical achievement and/or a political College of Environmental Design, device and what do these trajectories mean in contemporary work? University of California at Berkeley Guy Nordenson Structural engineer, New York What aspects of major work readied for emerging economies can be related to Hans Schober and Professor, School of Architecture, the rise of the mid-century state-sponsored infrastructural and/or industrial Engineer, Schlaich Bergermann Princeton University projects by international contractors such as Bechtel or Brown and Root; to and Partner, Stuttgart concrete as an apparatus of the state or of states—the World Bank and/or global Jesse Reiser corporations? How has your work fused concepts of material to concepts of flow, Architect, Reiser + Umemoto, of time, and increasingly, to new forms of economic flow? New York and Professor, School of Architecture, Princeton University

Ysrael A. Seinuk Head of Structural Department, The Irwin S. Chanin School of Architecture of The Cooper Union

Nanako Umemoto Architect, Reiser + Umemoto, New York

RECEPTION

12 13 FRIDAY October 3

9:30—11:00 AM STRUCTURAL CONCRETE: AFTER STEEL REINFORCEMENT 11:15 AM—12:30 PM CONCRETE: SUSTAINABILITY, DEVELOPMENT, AND NEW INITIATIVES

Moderator: Kenneth Frampton Reinforced concrete is being reengineered; both the means and techniques of Moderator: Laurie Hawkinson The concrete industry is addressing sustainability issues on several fronts. Ware Professor of Architecture, reinforcement are changing, as are the plasticity and nature of admixtures. New Professor, GSAPP, Columbia Advances are necessarily measured against the global production of concrete GSAPP, Columbia University innovations allow more contiguous pours and thus newly continuous surfaces, University and also against smaller regional and local dimensions. As with all building newly elastic forms. What are the futures of reinforcement in concrete and what materials, questions of embedded energy, eventual use, and local advantages, Pascal Casanova applications do we imagine they will as a catalyst for change in design and Jacques Ferrier such as proximity to building site for shipping, are all both global in nature and Group Director, Research and engineering? Architect, Jacques Ferrier local and contingent on immediate detail: the degree of modernization at plants Development, Lafarge Architectures, Paris worldwide affects wider sustainability goals and emissions, and the nature of ag- Potential new work includes: gregates as recycled and/or newly mined minerals couples with building life-span Benjamin A. Graybeal Jacques Lukasik issues of use, such as the expected value of thermal mass, or the rapidity of Engineer, Federal Highway —Micro-thin concrete; fiber-reinforced concretes are examples of the migration Group Senior Vice President, urbanization and the sourcing of materials. Sustainability in this regard is far Administration, Washington, DC of reinforcement technologies. Scientific Affairs, Lafarge from a direct equation even as direct action is possible—increasingly it will be embedded in issues such as carbon trading and global markets but the question Antoine Naaman —Quality: Concrete is unique, compared with other materials, especially steel Christian Meyer is, what role can we add to this equation today that lies within both technical and Professor Emeritus of Civil and glass, as it requires an elaborate quality-assurance program to assure that Professor and Chair of the political or social dimensions. Engineering, University of Michigan, both off- and on-site work meets specifications. Department of Civil Engineering and Ann Arbor Engineering Mechanics, Columbia An immediate issue is the successful development of Portland cement substi- —Ductility/Brittleness: Concrete is a very brittle material. But by properly University tutes, typically by-products of other industrial processes, such as fly ash and Surendra Shah reinforcing it, can be made ductile. This is of particular importance in seismic slags. Aggregate can be partially replaced by recycled materials such as Walter P. Murphy Professor of Civil regions. In a transition to fiber-reinforced concrete, engineers are elevating this Paulo Monteiro construction debris, including recycled concrete aggregate and also glass, paper Engineering and Director of the “art of reinforcing” to a new level, in which the material is now basically ductile. Professor, Department of Civil and mill residues, and tires. These efforts not only result in the value-added secondary Center for Advanced Cement-Based Environmental Engineering, University uses of what otherwise would become waste materials (often land filled at high Materials, Northwestern University —Serviceability/Durability/High Performance: Not long ago, a “good” concrete of California at Berkeley cost), but they often improve the properties of the end product. What is possible meant simply concrete with high compressive strength. In recent years, the to further reduce the environmental footprint of the concrete industry? concept of durability has taken hold, because we want to assure that the concrete maintains its properties throughout its design life. “High-performance 12:30—2:00 PM How is sustainability a unique project for concrete and what are the goals concrete” is now understood as a material that assures superior performance Break beyond sustainability? What are the key social and political dimensions of throughout its design life. This concept allows a new mean to address problems concrete and sustainability issues. associated with the life span of infrastructure. —Water: Approximately one billion cubic meters of water are used each year in producing concrete. Regions that lack a ready water supply can be inordinately affected by the amount of water needed to produce concrete.

—Reuse and Recycling: Post-production is also a central issue: the demolition and disposal of concrete structures, pavements, and the like constitutes an environmental question that has unique parameters when compared to other building materials. Construction debris contributes a large fraction of our solid- waste disposal problem, with concrete being its largest single component.

—Plant Modernization: It has been estimated that more than ten billion tons of concrete are produced each year worldwide. In the United States this translates to a ratio of approximately two tons of concrete per person a year. This requires an unequaled amount of natural resources to provide the aggregate and the raw materials for cement production. Of equal concern is the fact that the production of Portland cement has historically released large quantities of CO2 into the atmosphere, making not only advancements in the design of plants critical but also the use of recycled aggregates. The cement industry is believed to account for five to seven percent of all carbon dioxide released worldwide, but as major

14 15 2:00–3:15 PM URBANIZATION AND THE GLOBAL ASPECTS OF CONCRETE PRODUCTION advances are made in how cement production is accomplished, these advances Moderator: Reinhold Martin New forms of urbanization create as much as 80 percent of the worldwide are measured against both the location and region of production. Are there Professor and Director, Temple market for concrete today. The persistence of concrete as both a renewed advantages in the regional aspects of production, such as the levels of modern- Hoyne Buell Center for American material and as new application is more urgent then ever if we gauge its current ization and investment at plants, production demands, and levels/speeds of Architecture, GSAPP, Columbia implementation. How do we gauge the fact that the speed of urbanization means urbanization? University that concrete will effectively become the primary material of new cities in the next decade? Will design and technical innovation be more likely to occur in Carlos Eduardo Comas certain locations where there is a confluence of key factors such as accessibility Professor and Chair, Graduate of materials and investment? What does an architect or engineer offer in light of Studies Program in Architecture, the global aspects of building materials today—in terms of construction and Universidade Federal do Rio contracting, and also in light of the speed, liquidity, and processes of urban Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre change? Where do we place our concerns and establish a stake in the situation— how do these development scenarios affect forms of architecture in terms of Qingyung Ma region or even aspects of architecture and urban design that often have Dean, School of Architecture, addressed disinvestment rather than rapid change? University of Southern California Are the goals of practice in relation to macro-scale or smaller-scale work Marc Mimram outpaced by urbanization, or do we have new capabilities that arise from this Architect/engineer, Marc Mimram rapid urbanization? Paris —What distribution or outlines of production describe relations between Kate Orff material manufacturing, installation, and use in work today—where a material Professor, GSAPP, Columbia originates and where it meets design and installation goals? University —How does work on infrastructure change in light of what we know of evolving economies or evolving demand? Has the arena of infrastructure expanded to included a wider range of technologies, a more prevalent awareness of new means and methods from leveraging economic potentials, off-site work, embedded digital technologies, and smart materials?

—Does concrete still portend plastic architectural space: is it still an architec- tural project or has concrete migrated to being a question of infrastructure even at the level of building design in which virtual city-scale works are realized as near singular events; indeed as forms of evolved infrastructure?

16 17 3:30 —5:00 PM THE SCALE OF PRACTICE: GLOBAL PRACTICE/GLOBAL CLIENT 5:00—6:00 PM CONCLUDING DISCUSSION: THE ARCHITECT AND ENGINEER

Moderator: Jean-Louis Cohen Bound to material and its spatial organization, architecture and engineering Moderator: Mark Wigley How has practice in engineering and architecture changed, and going forward, Sheldon H. Solow Professor in the practices are also tied to intricate layers of commodity practices and investment Dean, GSAAP, Columbia University what does a university need to address about industry and what does industry History of Architecture, Institute of that today have almost inevitably become global in nature. The nature of practice need to know about the university? Fine Arts, New York University is more tightly woven into and responsive to investment than it ever has been; Werner Sobek yet it is also frequently less weighted by overt characteristics of place and Professor and Director, Institute What are the most advanced new relationships between academia and industry, Juan Herreros instead tied to trans-locations and interconnected matrices of development as for Lightweight Structures and and how are they are organized? Professor, Escuela Técnica Superior well as consultants and partner practices. During the past 20 years, practice Conceptual Design, University de Arquitectura de Madrid often seemed to have been indexed by way of a constellation of world cities and of Stuttgart their particular relations—the city in this sense superseded the nation as the Matthias Schuler nexus of interchange. Bernard Tschumi Engineer, TRANSSOLAR Professor, GSAPP, Energietechnik, Stuttgart Yet today trade and barriers between emerging economies are changing Columbia University dramatically and at times reinforcing the role of national relations in development Werner Sobek and design. In this realm, the anticipated roles of architectural and engineering Professor and Director, Institute for practice, in terms of both cities and wider themes of urban life, are often fused. Lightweight Structures and That is, they form unified practices that take on characterics of one another, as Conceptual Design, University of architecture, engineering, and, increasingly, economics. These practices at times Stuttgart produce work that is more quasi-infrastructure than architecture.

Bernard Tschumi What forms of practice have emerged today in this arena—how have concepts Professor, GSAPP, Columbia of architectural space and technique been reorganized within practices of engin- University eering and architecture to allow us to operate at levels that may have been prev- iously the domain of international contractors or state organizations? What is the role of the architectural concept in an era of deeply engineered materials and equally instrumental economic demands on design?

Generations of architects since the 1930s have helped write a story of inter- national and then global practice, yet the global practice, as a socially critical instrument, is still relatively young. If the practices of Archigram or Superstudio and others depicted infrastructural worlds that borrowed industrial metaphors as well as outright techniques from history while promoting radical forms of social life, what can we say of today’s critical practices? What is the role of the image of infrastructure and its material techniques—what is the role of space, of event, or of nonmaterial design in an era of deeply coordinated material value?

Have practitioners of the generation that began work in the 1970s and 80s on what were often disinvested and neglected urban sites now emerged as global participants in the rise of a new city? How do building materials and their new means of capitalization and distribution affect design practice: within the global exchange of real estate, high-tech forms of construction and materials manage- ment are relatively new—so, too, is the need to again examine cities as a central frontier of social life. Is material a significant attribute of this condition or can we examine it still as an attribute of design rather than a determining factor?

18 19

PARTICIPANTS of Modern Art, New York (1999). University, and is a Professor-in- (1995), American Masterworks Cohen’s work is represented by the Residence in the Department of (1995), Le Corbusier (2002), Labor, Thomas Erben Gallery, New York. Architecture and Urban Design at the Work and Architecture (2002), and Cohen is the Gerald M. McCue University of California, Los Angeles. the updated and expanded fourth Professor in Architecture and Chair His office currently is engaged with edition of Modern Architecture: of the Department of Architecture at projects of various scales throughout A Critical History (2007). Harvard University’s Graduate School the United States, Europe, and Asia. Michael Bell of which he has been principal in Ventures (2002), Scenes of the World of Design where he is the coordinator Denari is the author of two bestselling Benjamin A. Graybeal Michael Bell is a Professor of charge since 2003. He teaches to Come (1995), and Le Corbusier of first-year design studios. He was books, Interrupted Projections (1996) Benjamin Graybeal is a research struc- Architecture at Columbia University’s at the Faculdade de Arquitetura e and the Mystique of the USSR the Frank Gehry International Chair and Gyroscopic Horizons (1999). tural engineer with the U.S. Federal Graduate School of Architecture, Urbanismo, Universidad de São Paulo, (1991). He has co-edited, with G. at the University of Toronto (2004) Highway Administration (FHWA) at its Planning and Preservation, where he Brazil, and has been a visiting profes- Martin Moeller, Jr., Liquid Stone: New and the Perloff Professor at the Jacques Ferrier Turner-Fairbank Highway Research is Director of the Core Design Studios sor at Harvard University’s Graduate Architecture in Concrete (2006). University of California, Los Angeles Architect Jacques Ferrier lives and Center. He manages the structural and Chair of the Columbia Conference School of Design, Massachusetts (2002). He has held faculty positions works in Paris. He graduated from concrete research program for FHWA, on Architecture, Engineering, and Institute of Technology, and the Preston Scott Cohen at Princeton, Rhode Island School of the Université de Paris VIII in 1985 with a distinct emphasis toward appli- Materials. He is the founder of Michael University of California, Berkeley, Preston Scott Cohen’s work is Design, and Ohio State University. and from the Ecole Centrale in 1981. cation of advanced cementitious Bell Architecture, based in New as well as at universities in known for its synthesis of architec- Ferrier established his own firm in materials in the highway infrastruc- York City. His design work has been Argentina, Chile, and Ecuador. tural typologies, descriptive geom- Carlos Eduardo Comas 1990 and his works now include the ture. Since 2001 he has been the prin- shown at The Museum of Modern Art, etry, and digital media. The work Carlos Eduardo Comas studied archi- design of public facilities, research cipal investigator for FHWA’s Ultra- New York; the Venice Biennale; Yale Pascal Casanova of his firm, Preston Scott Cohen, tecture at the Universidade Federal centers, cultural institutions, office High Performance Concrete (UHPC) University’s School of Architecture; Pascal Casanova is the Group Inc., encompasses projects rang- do Rio Grande do Sul in Porto Alegre, buildings, and housing. The firm’s out- research program. Thrusts of this the University Art Museum, University Director of Research Development at ing in scale from residences to edu- Brazil; the University of Pennsylvania, put is based in the creation of an archi- work have included UHPC material of California, Berkeley; and Archi- Lafarge. He is a graduate of the Ecole cational and cultural institutions. and the Université de Paris VIII. tecture for a sustainable society. In characterization, full-scale structural Lab, . Bell has received four Polytechnique and Ecole Nationale Cohen received the first prize in He operates a private practice in parallel, Ferrier also conducts innova- testing of UHPC components, and Progressive Architecture Awards, des Ponts et Chaussées. Casanova the international competitions for Porto Alegre and is Professor at the tive research activity in partnership field deployment of UHPC technology. and his work is included in the collec- started his career with a public works the design of Robbins Elementary Universidade Federal do Rio Grande with industries. His projects, which tion of the San Francisco Museum of company specializing in civil engi- School in Trenton, New Jersey do Sul and Chair of its Graduate include the Concept Office and the Laurie Hawkinson Modern Art. Books by Bell include 16 neering, where he was in charge (2006), and for two museums: the Studies Program in Architecture. He Hypergreen skyscraper, initiated a Laurie Hawkinson is a partner of Houses: Designing the Public’s Private of supervising French bridge proj- Taiyuan Art Museum in Taiyuan, has written and lectured intensively reflection on the future role of archi- Smith-Miller + Hawkinson Architects— House (2000), Michael Bell: Space ects. He joined Lafarge in 1999 as China (2007–11), and the Tel Aviv on modern architecture and urbanism, tecture, which takes into consider- a -based architecture Replaces Us: Essays and Projects Technical Director, where he worked Museum of Art, Amir Building (2003– emphasizing the role of reinforced- ation the challenges represented by and urban planning firm. The firm’s on the City (2000), and Slow Space on Ductal®, the ultra-high-perfor- 09). He is the recipient of numer- concrete frames and shells in the the- megalopolises and the planet’s needs. projects include the expansion of the (1998). He is a founding editor, along mance concrete, handling its transi- ous awards and honors, including oretical and practical formulations In March 2008, he was selected to Corning Museum of Glass, Corning, with Yung Ho Chang and Steven Holl, tion from the research stage to imple- the Academy Award in Architecture of architects such as Lucio Costa, design the French pavilion for the New York; the Wall Street Ferry of the urbanism journal 32. Bell has mentation in industry. In 2002 he from the American Academy Oscar Niemeyer, Affonso Reidy, 2010 World Expo in Shanghai, on the Terminal at Pier 11, in New York City; taught at the University of California, was appointed Head of Research and of Arts and Letters and three Vilanova Artigas, Lina Bo Bardi, Paulo theme of “A better city, a better life.” the Outdoor Cinema and Amphitheater Berkeley; Rice University; and Harvard Development for Roofing at Lafarge, Progressive Architecture Awards. Mendes da Rocha, Lelé Filgueras Jacques Ferrier has received sev- at the North Carolina Museum of Art University’s Graduate School of overseeing several technological The author of Contested , and Alvaro Siza. His contribu- eral architectural prizes and is the in Raleigh; and a recently completed Design. In 2000–02 he led a team of breakthrough projects. Since 2005 he Symmetries and Other Predicaments tions have appeared in the magazines author of a number of books, including house in Sagaponack, Long Island. architects to provide research, plan- has also served as Managing Director in Architecture (2001), Cohen has 2G, AA Files, A&V, Arquine, Summa+, The Poetry of Useful Things (2004). The firm was a finalist for the Olympic ning, and design for 2,100 units of Lafarge Roofing Components, been widely published. His work is and Projeto, and the books Cruelty Village Design Competition sponsored of housing on a 100-acre parcel of headquartered in . included in the permanent collections and Utopia: Cities and Landscapes Kenneth Frampton by the NYC 2012 Olympic Committee. oceanfront land owned by the city of of The Museum of Modern Art, New of Latin America (2005), La Casa Kenneth Frampton is the Ware Among its current projects are the New York. The work was funded to Jean-Louis Cohen York; The Cooper-Hewitt National Moderna Latinoamericana (2003), Professor of Architecture at the U.S. Land Ports of Entry at Champlain assist in the city’s future planning and Trained as an architect and histo- Design Museum, San Francisco Le Corbusier e Rio (1999), and Le Graduate School of Architecture, and Massena, New York, for the development goals. Bell also founded rian in Paris, Jean-Louis Cohen is Museum of Modern Art, Museum of Corbusier y Sudamérica: viajes y Planning and Preservation at Columbia General Services Administration. “16 Houses,” a low-income housing the Sheldon H. Solow Professor in Contemporary Art, Los Angeles; and proyectos (1991). Comas’s work has University. He trained as an archi- Hawkinson is Professor of design program in Houston, Texas. the History of Architecture at New the Fogg Museum of Art, Harvard won awards in architectural com- tect at the Architectural Association Architecture at Columbia University’s Bell’s Binocular House is included York University’s Institute of Fine University. It has been exhibited petitions in Brazil. Among his built School of Architecture, , and Graduate School of Architecture, in American Masterworks: Houses Arts. His research has focused on at the Museum of Contemporary projects are Porto Alegre’s Central has worked as an architect and archi- Planning and Preservation. of the 20th and 21st Centuries by twentieth-century architecture and Art, Los Angeles (2007), The Market and several private houses. tectural historian and critic in England, Kenneth Frampton (2008) and pub- urban planning in France, Russia, National Design Triennial, Cooper- Israel, and the United States. He Juan Herreros lished in the magazine Casabella. Germany, and North Africa. His work Hewitt Museum (2007); the Venice Neil Denari is the author of such distinguished Professor at the Escuela Técnica has resulted in numerous exhibi- International Architecture Biennale Neil Denari is an architect and prin- books as Modern Architecture: a Superior de Arquitectura de Madrid Angelo Bucci tions and publications on both sides (2004, 1996, 1985); ICA University cipal of Neil M. Denari Architects Critical History (1980), Modern and Visiting Professor at The Graduate Angelo Bucci is a founder of the of the Atlantic, including Casablanca: of Pennsylvania (2003); Max Protetch (NMDA, Inc.). He studied at the Architecture and the Critical Present School of Architecture, Planning and São Paulo-based SPBR Architects, Colonial Myths and Architectural Gallery (2002); and The Museum University of Houston and Harvard (1980), Studies in Tectonic Culture Preservation, Columbia University,

22 23 Juan Herreros has also taught at author, he is also a Professor of designed and built a series of exhi- Buenos Aires, Graz, Havana, Paris, and design of structures, in particular Monteiro’s professional experience the Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale Architecture at Columbia University’s bition spaces in China, including Rome, Santiago de Chile, and Vienna. concrete structures. In recent years, includes working on a number of proj- de Lausanne, the Architectural Graduate School of Architecture, the Telemedia City (Xian), Shanghai his interests have shifted toward con- ects with the late Roy Carlson, a pio- Association in London, and the Planning and Preservation. Natural History Museum, Ullens Detlef Mertins crete materials science and technol- neer in the technology of mass con- School of Architecture at Princeton Center for Contemporary Art (Beijing), Detlef Mertins is an architectural his- ogy. He and his co-workers are focus- crete. Recent projects include working University. He has conducted numer- Sanford Kwinter Renault Truckland, Ningpo Urban torian known for his revisionist histo- ing particularly on the beneficiation of with roller-compacted concrete and ous lectures, courses, and interna- Sanford Kwinter is Professor at Rice Museum, and the Chinese Pavilion ries of twentieth-century modernisms. recycled waste materials for the pro- architectural concrete. At Berkeley, he tional seminars as well as research University’s School of Architecture for the 2010 World Expo (Shanghai). He is a Professor in the University duction of concrete, such as waste and his students are creating micro- workshops. In 1984, with Iñaki and at Harvard University’s Graduate Ma has served on juries for several of Pennsylvania’s Department of glass, carpet fibers, and dredged mechanical models, characterizing Abalos, he founded the Madrid- School of Design. Kwinter has written important projects in China, includ- Architecture, where he was also material from New York Harbor. This deleterious reactions in concrete, and based practice Abalos & Herreros; in widely on the philosophical aspects ing the National Stadium for the Chair from 2003 to 2008. He pre- work extends from basic scientific developing new microscopic tech- 1992 he established the Multimedia of design, architecture, and urban- 2008 Beijing Olympic Games. viously taught at the University of research through technology devel- niques, such as low-temperature International League LMI; and in 2006 ism and is the author of Far From Toronto where he held the Canada opment to technology transfer by scanning electron microscopy, soft founded his current practice, Juan Equilibrium: Essays on Technology and Reinhold Martin Research Chair and directed the grad- closely working with concrete produc- X-ray microscopy, and direction cool- Herreros Arquitectos, which encom- Design Culture (2007), Architectures Reinhold Martin is Associate uate program. He has also taught at ers. Meyer has written almost 200 ing. In addition to being a co-author, passes both professional and ped- of Time: Toward a Theory of the Event Professor of Architecture in the Columbia, Harvard, Princeton and Rice technical articles, including a text- with P.K. Mehta, of the widely used agogical activity. The firm has proj- in Modernist Culture (2002) and the Graduate School of Architecture, universities and has been a Visiting book on the design of concrete struc- textbook Concrete: Microstructure, ects underway in Spain, Portugal, forthcoming Requiem: Meditations Planning and Preservation at Columbia Fellow at the Canadian Centre for tures. He is the recipient of the presti- Properties, and Materials, Monteiro the United States, Mexico, and on the Metropolis at the Turn of University, where he directs the Architecture. He is a recipient of the gious research award from Germany’s has published more than 100 arti- Uruguay. His work has been widely the Millennium. Kwinter was co- PhD program in architecture and the Konrad Adenauer Research Prize of Alexander von Humboldt Foundation. cles in archival journals. published and exhibited; among founder and editor of the ground- Temple Hoyne Buell Center for the the Humboldt Foundation and Royal his books, co-authored with Iñaki breaking Zone Books and the jour- Study of American Architecture. He Society of Canada (2003). Mertins Marc Mimram Toshiko Mori Abalos, is Tower & Office (2003). nal Zone from 1984 to 2001. is a founding co-editor of the journal edited the The Presence of Mies Marc Mimram holds a master’s Toshiko Mori is the Robert P. Grey Room, a partner in the research (1994) and the English edition of degree in mathematics and gradu- Hubbard Professor in the Practice of Steven Holl Jacques Lukasik practice Martin/Baxi Architects, Walter Curt Behrendt’s The Victory ated as an engineer from the Ecole Architecture at Harvard University Steven Holl has realized cultural, civic, Jacques Lukasik is Lafarge Senior and has published widely on the his- of the New Building Style (2000). Nationale des Ponts et Chausées. Graduate School of Design and university, and residential projects Vice President for Scientific Affairs. tory and theory of modern and con- He has published widely in jour- He is a DPLG architect and earned was chair of the Department of both in the United States and interna- Trained in atomic and molecular phys- temporary architecture. Martin is the nals, anthologies, and exhibition cat- a master’s degree in civil engineer- Architecture from 2002 to 2008. tionally. In 1976 he founded Steven ics and in quantum electronics, he has author of The Organizational Complex: alogues, which include Zaha Hadid ing from the University of California, She is also principal of her firm, Holl Architects, which currently oper- served as Lafarge’s General Manager Architecture, Media, and Corporate (2006), Mies in America (2001), and Berkeley, in addition to a postgradu- Toshiko Mori Architect, in New York ates offices in New York and Beijing of the Central Research Laboratory Space (2003), and the co-author, with Mies in (2001). Among his ate degree in philosophy. He founded City. In 2005 she received the with a staff of 65. The firm has been and Chairman of the Group’s External Kadambari Baxi, of Multi-National current projects are a monograph his own consultancy and architec- Academy Award in Architecture from recognized around the world with Scientific Advisory Council. Active in City: Architectural Itineraries (2007). on Mies and an English edition of ture-engineering firm in Paris in 1981 the American Academy of Arts and numerous awards and accolades, and various European research networks, He is currently completing a book the avant-garde journal G: Material and has realized numerous civil engi- Letters, and the Medal of Honor from its work has been widely published and he is also an adviser to Canadian con- that re-theorizes postmodernism. for Elemental Form-Creation, orig- neering structures and architectural the New York City chapter of the AIA. exhibited. Currently under construction crete research teams in Quebec. inally published in 1923—26. projects in France and elsewhere. Her design for the Syracuse Center is the Linked Hybrid mixed-use com- Dr. Lukasik is a member of the Fernando Menis Mimram has taught at the Ecole of Excellence was awarded a 2008 plex (Beijing, China), Nanjing Museum French Academy of Technologies Fernando Menis, a native of Santa Christian Meyer Nationale des Ponts et Chausées, Project Honor Award from the New of Art and Architecture (Nanjing, and an associate member of the Cruz de Tenerife, Spain, studied Christian Meyer is Professor and Chair Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de York Chapter of the AIA. Her design China), Vanke Center (Shenzhen, Civil Engineering Committee of architecture at ETSA Barcelona. of the Department of Civil Engineering Lausanne, and at Princeton University. for an addition to a Paul Rudolph China), Knut Hamsun Center (Hamaroy, the Polish Academy of Sciences. In 1981 he established a partner- and Engineering Mechanics at He was appointed Professeur des house in Florida received a 2008 Norway), and Herning Center of the ship with architects Felipe Artengo Columbia University. He com- Ecoles d’Architecture (Professor of Award of Excellence from the New Arts (Herning, Denmark). Recent inter- Qingyun Ma Rufino and José María Rodríguez pleted his undergraduate studies at Architectural Schools) and currently York State AIA. Mori is the editor of national design competitions won Qingyun Ma is Dean of the School Pastrana Malagón. Since July 2004 the Technical University Berlin and teaches at the Ecole d’Architecture a volume on material and fabrication include including the Cité du Surf of Architecture at the University of he has operated a solo practice. His obtained his M.S. and Ph.D. degrees de Marne-la-Vallée in France. research, Immaterial/Ultramaterial et de l’Océan (Biarritz, France), Sail Southern California, where he actively work has been widely published and from the University of California, (2002), and a monograph of her work, Hybrid (Knokke-Heist, Belgium), and promotes technological integra- exhibited internationally. He received Berkeley. He then spent eight years Paulo Monteiro Toshiko Mori Architect: Works and Meander (Helsinki, Finland). In June tion and design intelligence from a an award for Un objeto para b.d. in engineering practice, first working Paulo Monteiro, professor and Projects, was published in 2008. She 2007, Steven Holl Architects opened global perspective. Prior to his dean- (with Inés Rodríguez Mansilla) at the with Albert C. Martin and Associates group leader of the Structural is a frequent participant in interna- the highly acclaimed Nelson-Atkins ship, he was principal of the firm 1st International Competition for in Los Angeles on the earthquake- Engineering Mechanics and Materials tional design juries and symposia. Museum of Art (Kansas City, Missouri). MADA s.p.a.m. (strategy, planning, Industrial Design; for Chaise Longue, resistant design of tall buildings, then Group, Department of Civil and Holl is an honors graduate of the architecture, media), which is based at YUH (1989); 1st Prize Manuel de with Stone and Webster Engineering Environmental Engineering at the Antoine E. Naaman University of Washington, Seattle. He in Shanghai, China. His “participa- Oráa for MM House (1989). In 1999, Corporation in Boston on analysis and University of California, Berkeley, Antoine E. Naaman is Professor studied architecture in Rome, Italy, tive practice” and teaching of archi- MM House was a finalist at FAD. design of nuclear power plant facili- received his engineering degree Emeritus of Civil Engineering at the in 1970 and undertook postgraduate tecture have received attention inter- Menis has been a visiting professor ties. Since 1978 he has been on the from the University of São Paulo and University of Michigan in Ann Arbor. work at the Architectural Association nationally. Recognizing the power and has given lectures and workshops faculty of Columbia University. His pri- master and Ph.D. degrees from the He obtained his Ph.D. degree in civil in London in 1976. An accomplished of public spectacles, his firm has at universities in Berlin, Barcelona, mary interests are related to analysis University of California, Berkeley. engineering from the Massachusetts

24 25 Institute of Technology in 1972. House, and more than 100 other ally and internationally. She trained Nanako Umemoto design in 1975 and, with Stanley planning. The firm today has offices He is a Fellow of the American projects. Recently completed proj- for several years with Hargreaves Jesse Reiser and Nanako Umemoto Saitowitz/Natoma Architects Inc., in Stuttgart, , and New York, Concrete Institute, the Prestressed ects include the New Museum of Associates and with the Dutch archi- have practiced together in New York he has completed numerous build- and Schuler has worked on national Concrete Institute, the American Contemporary Art in New York, tect/urbanist Rem Koolhaas at the City since 1986. Their internation- ings and projects, including hous- and international projects with archi- Society of Civil Engineers, and the The Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art Office for Metropolitan Architecture, ally recognized architectural design ing, master plans, offices, muse- tects such as Kazuyo Sejima, Frank O. International Ferrocement Society. in Kansas City, Missouri; the Glass before founding SCAPE. Orff has firm, Reiser + Umemoto, has real- ums, libraries, wineries, synagogues, Gehry, Steven Holl, and Helmut Jahn. Naaman’s research has led to Pavilion at the Toledo Museum of built SCAPE’s reputation for design ized projects at a wide range of churches, commercial and residen- Schuler is also Adjunct Professor more than 300 technical publica- Art; and the University of Iowa innovation and collaboration, lead- scales—from furniture design to tial interiors, memorials, and urban of Environmental Technology at tions, including two textbooks, and School of Art and Art History build- ing dynamic, open work processes residential and commercial struc- landscapes. These projects have Harvard University’s Graduate School twelve co-edited books. His research ing. Among the architect’s cur- with large, complex teams of col- tures, up to the scale of landscape received national and international of Design, where he has been a lec- interests include prestressed con- rent projects are the World Trade laborating consultants across the design and infrastructure. Reiser recognition. Among many awards, turer since 2001, teaching courses crete, high-performance fiber-rein- Center Memorial Museum slurry- fields of engineering, science, and and Umemoto have taught and lec- the Transvaal House was declared a on sustainability and urban design. forced cement composites, ferroce- wall bracing structure, two pedes- design. The studio alternates between tured throughout the United States, National Monument by the Monuments ment, and the integration-tailoring trian bridges at , the research and design, developing including at Columbia University’s Council in South Africa in 1997; the Ysrael A. Seinuk of advanced construction materials Asian Cultural Complex in Guangju, new visions and understandings of Graduate School of Architecture, New England Holocaust Memorial Ysrael A. Seinuk is Professor and to improve structural performance. South Korea, the expansion of the urban nature. She has been nomi- Planning and Preservation during the received the Henry Bacon Medal in Head of the Structural Department Kimbell Art Museum in Fort Worth, nated for several national awards, 1990s, and in Europe and Japan. 1998; and in 2006 Satowitz was a in the School of Architecture at The Guy Nordenson Texas, and the San Francisco State including the RISD-Surface Magazine Jesse Reiser is Associate Professor finalist for the Smithsonian Cooper- Cooper Union for the Advancement of Guy Nordenson is a structural engi- University Creative Arts Center. His Emerging Designer, and she was at Princeton University’s School of Hewitt National Design Award . Science and Art, where he has taught neer and Professor of Structural project “On the Water, A Model for the named among “50 for the Future of Architecture. He received his bach- since 1969. An engineer, author, and Engineering at Princeton University’s Future: A Study of New York and New Design” by H&G Magazine. SCAPE is elor of architecture degree from The Hans Schober lecturer, he is recognized internation- School of Architecture. He is also a Jersey Upper Bay” won the 2007 AIA the recipient of a 2008 ASLA Award. Cooper Union for the Advancement Hans Schober is a Partner with ally as one of the foremost structural Faculty Associate at the Princeton College of Fellows Latrobe Prize. of Science and Art and his master of Schlaich Bergermann and Partner, engineers and pioneers in the field of University Center for Human Nordenson is active in earthquake Antoine Picon architecture degree at the Cranbrook Consulting Engineers in Stuttgart, tall buildings and special structures. Values. After studying at MIT and the engineering, including code develop- Antoine Picon is Professor of Academy of Art. He was a fellow of the Germany, and President of the He graduated as a civil engineer in University of California, Berkeley, he ment, technology transfer, long-range the History of Architecture and American Academy in Rome in 1985. Schlaich Bergermann branch office in 1954 from the University of Havana, began his career as a draftsman in the planning for FEMA and the USGS, Technology at Harvard University’s Nanako Umemoto is an architect New York. He studied civil engineer- and is a registered engineer in 20 joint studio of R Buckminster Fuller and research. He initiated and led the Graduate School of Design where and landscape architect. She gradu- ing at the , states, and a licensed civil engineer in and Isamu Noguchi in Long Island City development of the New York City he is also serving as Director of ated from The Cooper Union for the from which earned a Ph.D. in 1984. the United Kingdom, Israel, and Cuba. in 1976. Nordenson has worked as a Seismic Code from 1984 to its enact- Doctoral Programs. He has pub- Advancement of Science and Art fol- He has worked on glass roofs and He began his private practice in Cuba structural engineer in San Francisco ment into law in 1995. In 1996 he lished extensively on the relations lowing studies at the School of Urban glass walls, cable structures, pedes- in 1958 with the design of the 700- and New York. He established the New co-founded the Structural Engineers between architecture, urban design, Design at the Osaka University of Art. trian bridges, membrane struc- room Monte Carlo Hotel, and two 50- York office of Ove Arup & Partners Association of New York. He was co- science, and technology with a spe- tures, and road- and railway bridges story concrete buildings, both with the in 1987 and was its director until curator, with Terence Riley, of the cial focus on construction history Stanley Saitowitz around In New York, Schober has been renowned Spanish architect Martin 1997, when he began his own prac- exhibition Tall Buildings held at MoMA and theory. Among other publica- Stanley Saitowitz is Emeritus Profes- involved in the design of the new 7 Dominguez. This work advanced tice, Guy Nordenson and Associates QNS in 2004. His drawings and mod- tions, he is the author of French sor of Architecture at the University World Trade Center building, the Time the concept of the mega struc- Structural Engineers, LLP. In 1993– els for the 2003 World Trade Center Architects and Engineers in the Age of California, Berkeley’s College Warner Center, Moynihan Station, and ture, adopted in many designs years 94 he was a Loeb Fellow at Harvard Tower 1 design are in the collec- of the Enlightenment (1988; English of Environmental Design. A native the Freedom Tower. Currently he is thereafter. Seinuk was one of two University. In 2003 he was the tion of The Museum of Modern Art. trans., 1992), Claude Perrault (1613– of Johannesburg, South Africa, he working on the new Transbay Transit Americans invited by the Institution first recipient of the new American 1688) ou la curiosité d’un classique received his bachelor of architec- Center in San Francisco and on sev- of Structural Engineers in the United Academy of Arts and Letters Academy Kate Orff (1988), L’Invention de l’ingénieur ture degree at the University of eral projects in Abu Dhabi and . Kingdom to be a part of a working Award in Architecture for contribu- Kate Orff established the Manhattan moderne (1992), La ville territoire Witwatersrand in 1974 and his mas- group on safety in tall buildings, with tions to architecture by a non-archi- design studio SCAPE in 2004. des cyborgs (1998), and Les Saint- ter of architecture degree at the Matthias Schuler the objective of providing guidance tect. He was appointed Commissioner Professor at the Columbia University Simoniens: Raison, Imaginaire et University of California, Berkeley, Matthias Schuler is a Managing and advice on the implications fol- of the New York City Art Commission Graduate School of Architecture, Utopie (2003). In 1997 he edited a in 1977. He was the Elliot Noyes Director of TRANSSOLAR lowing the structural collapses and in 2006 by Mayor Michael Bloomberg Planning and Preservation, she dictionary of the history of engineer- Professor at Harvard University’s Energietechnik in Stuttgart, Germany. loss of life at the World Trade Center and the New York City Council, the leads studios that integrate the ing for the Centre Georges Pompidou, Graduate School of Design (1991— He trained as a mechanical engi- on 9/11. He was named as one of first engineer appointed since the Art earth sciences into the design cur- L’Art de l’Ingénieur: Constructeur, 92) and the Bruce Goff Professor, neer at the University of Stuttgart the 25 most influential Hispanics in Commission was established in 1898. riculum. After graduating from the entrepreneur, inventeur. In 2003, University of Oklahoma, Norman where he participated in interna- America by Time magazine in 2005. Nordenson was the structural engi- University of Virginia with Distinction, Picon edited, with Alessandra Ponte, (1993), and he has also taught at tional research projects on energy Seinuk is the recipient of numer- neer for The Museum of Modern Art Orff earned a master’s degree in Architecture and the Sciences: the University of California, Los efficiency in commercial buildings. In ous awards, including the New expansion in New York, the Jubilee landscape architecture from the Exchanging Metaphors. He recently Angeles, SCI-Arc, Rice, Cornell, 1992, based on this work, he founded York Society of Architects 2007 Church in Rome, the Simmons Graduate School of Design at Harvard completed a monograph on the work and Syracuse universities, and the the company TRANSSOLAR, a cli- Distinguished Service Award; in 2006 Residence Hall at Massachusetts University. She has worked on of the architect and engineer Marc University of Texas, Austin. He has mate-engineering consulting firm, he was inducted into the HENAAC Institute of Technology, the projects for many prominent aca- Mimram and is currently writing a book given more than 200 public lectures which aims to integrates comfort- Hall of Fame whose members have Disneyland parking structure in demic institutions and private cli- on digital culture and architecture. in the United States and abroad. optimizing and energy-saving strate- achieved the highest honors as California, the Santa Fe Opera ents that have been published nation- Jesse Reiser and He realized his first residentaial gies into building design and master Hispanic engineers, scientists, and

26 27 mathematicians. He also received the fiber-reinforced composites, nonde- cializes in research on new mate- Since 2004, Mark Wigley has served and Harvard Design Magazine, and 2006 Homer Gage Balcom Award for structive evaluation, transport prop- rials and new concepts for light- as the Dean of Columbia University’s her scholarly essays have appeared in Lifetime Achievements in Structural erties, processing, rheology, nano- weight and adaptive structures. Graduate School of Architecture, books on critical geography, cultural Engineering from the American technology, and use of solid-waste Werner Sobek’s firm is one of the Planning and Preservation. Prior to memory, visual culture, and archi- Society of Civil Engineers; the 2005 materials. He is a co-author of the leading engineering consultancies joining Columbia in 2000 as Director tecture. She is currently working on Urban Visionaries Award for engineer- books Fiber Reinforced Cement Based in Europe. It is dedicated to combin- of Advanced Studios, he taught from the book Black History Made Visible, ing from The Cooper Union School Composites (1992) and Fracture ing the highest levels of engineer- 1987 to 1999 at Princeton University, which examines the social and mate- of Architecture; the 2005 Engineer Mechanics of Concrete (1994). He ing and design of constructional ele- where he became Director of Graduate rial production of the displays, expo- of the Year from the Association of has published more than 400 jour- ments and sophisticated concepts Studies in Architecture in 1997. He sitions, museums, and cities where Cuban Engineers; and the Leader of nal articles and edited more than 20 for sustainable buildings. A par- received both his B.Arch. (1979) and black Americans remembered their Industry Award from The Concrete books. He is past editor of the RILEM ticular focus is on special struc- his Ph.D. (1987) degrees from the past and envisioned their future. Out Industry Board in 1999. His firm, journal, Materials and Structures. tures in steel, glass, titanium, con- University of Auckland, New Zealand. of this research she is developing a Ysrael A. Seinuk, P.C., has an exten- Shah is a member of the National crete, textiles, and wood. Werner Wigley has served as guest cura- database and interface, The Visible sive portfolio of award-winning proj- Academy of Engineering. He has Sobek has offices in Stuttgart, , tor for widely attended exhibitions History Project, which presents this ects, including such iconic struc- received many awards, including the Dubai, , , and New at The Museum of Modern Art, New scholarship to a wider audience. tures as the Carnival Center for Swedish Concrete Award, American York. Sobek’s designs have received York; The Drawing Center, New York; Wilson has also taught at California the Performing Arts, Miami, which Concrete Institute’s Anderson Award, numerous awards and distinctions, Canadian Centre for Architecture, College of the Arts in San Francisco received three engineering awards; RILEM Gold Medal, ASTM Thompson including the DuPont Benedictus Montreal; and Witte de With Center where she chaired the Graduate Bronx Criminal Court Complex; Trump Award, American Society of Civil Award, European Glulam Award, for Contemporary Art, Rotterdam. Visual and Critical Studies Program, World Tower, which received multiple Engineer’s Charles Pankow Award, Fritz Schumacher Award, iF Design An accomplished scholar and the University of Kentucky, Parsons/ awards, including the highest award and Engineering News-Record News Award, SEAOI Structural Engineering design teacher, he has written exten- The New School for Design, from the Concrete Industry Board for Maker Award. He was named one Award, the “Building of the Year sively on the theory and practice Princeton University, and Ohio State the year 2000; the revitalization of of the ten most influential people in Award” from the American Institute of architecture, and is the author University. She received her B.S. in Grand Central Terminal; 42nd Street concrete by Concrete Construction. of Architecture, Hugo Haering Award, of Constant’s New Babylon: The architecture from the University of Redevelopment; and the Gatehouse Recently, he spent time at the Indian Medal, and Hyper-Architecture of Desire (1998); Virginia, an M.Arch. from Columbia for the Philip Johnson Estate. Institute of Technology, Mumbai, as the UIA’s Auguste Perret Prize. White Walls, Designer Dresses: The University, and a Ph.D. in American an Honorary Professor under the aus- Fashioning of Modern Architecture Studies from New York University. Pierluigi Serraino pices of a Fulbright Grant. In addition Bernard Tschumi (1995); and The Architecture of Pierluigi Serraino is a practicing archi- to teaching at Northwestern, Shah An architect based in New York and Deconstruction: Derrida’s Haunt tect in the San Francisco Bay Area. has taught at the University of Illinois, Paris, Bernard Tschumi is Professor (1993). He is a co-editor of The He holds degrees from the Università , and served as a visiting pro- at Columbia University’s Graduate Activist Drawing: Situationist degli Studi di Roma “La Sapienza,” fessor at Massachusetts Institute School of Architecture, Planning and Architectures From Constant’s SCI-Arc, and University of California, of Technology, University of Sydney, Preservation, where he served as New Babylon to Beyond (2001). In Los Angeles. He is Ph.D. candi- Denmark Technical University, Dean from 1988 to 2003. First known 1990 he received the International date in the College of Environmental University of Singapore, Darmstadt as a theorist, he exhibited and pub- Committee of Architectural Design at the University of California, University, and Laboratoire Central lished The Manhattan Transcripts Critics (C.I.C.A.) Triennial Award Berkeley. His projects and arti- des Ponts et Chaussées, Paris. He cur- (1981) and wrote Architecture and for Architectural Criticism. cles have appeared in Architectural rently serves as Honorary Professor at Disjunction, a series of theoretical Record, Architectural Design, Hong Kong Polytechnical University. essays (1994). In 1983 he won the Mabel Wilson Hunch, ACADIA, Case d’Abitare, and prestigious competition for the design Mabel Wilson is Associate Professor Modernism, among other journals Werner Sobek of the Parc de la Villette, a 125-acre at Columbia University’s Graduate and magazines. He is the author of Werner Sobek studied architecture public park at the northeast edge School of Architecture, Planning and several books, including Modernism and structural engineering at the of Paris containing dramatic build- Preservation where she directs the Rediscovered (2000) and NorCalMod University of Stuttgart in Germany. ings, walkways, bridges, and gar- Program for Advanced Architectural (2006). Serraino has been a member In 1991 he became Professor at dens. Current projects include the Research. She recently began Studio of the editorial board of Architecture the . One year New Acropolis Museum in Athens, as 6Ten, an interdisciplinary prac- California and is a former Chair of the later he founded his own engineer- well as an archaeological museum and tice that explores the intersections Architecture + Design Forum at the ing consulting firm. In 1995, Sobek a cultural center, both in France. He between architecture, art, media, San Francisco Museum of Modern Art. took over the renowned Institute recently completed a 6,000-seat con- and theory. Her designs have been for Lightweight Structures at the cert hall in Limoges, France, as well as exhibited at a number of interna- Surendra P. Shah University of Stuttgart as successor a residential tower in New York City. tional and national venues, including Surendra P. Shah is the Walter P. to . In 2001 he also assumed His most recent books are Tschumi the Wexner Center for the Arts, the Murphy Professor of Civil Engineering the chair of structural engineer Joerg on Architecture: Conversations with Smithsonian Cooper-Hewitt National and Director of the Center for Schlaich, fusing the two institutes Enrique Walker (2006) and a biog- Design Museum’s Triennial, and the Advanced Cement-Based Materials at into the new Institute for Lightweight raphy and monograph by Gilles De Storefront for Art and Architecture. Northwestern University. His current Structures and Conceptual Design Bure, Bernard Tschumi (2008). Her articles and design projects have research interests include fracture, (ILEK), which he directs. ILEK spe- Mark Wigley been featured in Assemblage, Any,

28 29 Organizing Institutions ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

The Graduate School of Architecture, flexible and allow for concentrations in About Lafarge, the Exclusive Sponsor Solid States is the second in a Solid States: Changing Time for Planning and Preservation at Columbia structures, construction engineering, Lafarge is the world leader in building series of conferences on architecture, Concrete would not have been University (GSAPP) offers six master’s reliability and random processes, soil materials, with its top-ranking engineering and materials. The series possible without the energy, goodwill degree programs: Master of Archi- mechanics, fluid mechanics, hydroge- divisions: cement, aggregates and originated as a plan to collaborate; and intellectual rigor of the confer- tecture, Master of Science Advanced ology, continuum mechanics,finite concrete and gypsum. With 90,000 Mark Wigley, Dean, GSAPP, and ence chair, Michael Bell, who has been Architectural Design, Architecture and element methods, computational employees, Lafarge is present in 76 Christian Meyer, Chair, Civil Engin- supported by a group of dedicated Urban Design, Urban Planning, Historic mechanics, experimental mechanics, countries. Lafarge is the only eering and Engineering Mechanics, advisors and collaborators, including: Preservation, and Real Estate Dev- acoustics, vibrations and dynamics, company in the construction materials began discussions to host a joint Christian Meyer, Mark Wigley, Jean- elopment. With an enrollment of 650 and earthquake engineering, or any sector to be listed in the ”100 Global conference as a new model of ex- Louis Cohen, Steven Holl, Laurie students from some 55 countries, the com-bination thereof, such as fluid- Most Sustainable Corporations in the change between architecture and Hawkinson, Juan Herreros, Jacques School serves as a leading laboratory structure interaction. World.” Lafarge has been committed engineering. The first conference in Lukasik, Antoine Picon, Jesse Reiser, for testing new ideas about the environ- www.civil.columbia.edu to sustainable development for many the series, Engineered Transparency, Werner Sobek, Stephanie Tessier and mental designer’s role in a global years, pursuing a strategy that on glass, was held at GSAPP in Philippe Hardouin, Diana Darling and society. It cultivates an atmosphere in combines industrial know-how with September 2007. The third confer- William Menking, and Benjamin Prosky, which all of the disciplines devoted to performance, value creation, respect ence, on metals, will be held at GSAPP Devon Ercolano Provan, Phillip the built environment are invited to for employees and local cultures, in autumn 2009. Anzalone, Mark Bearak, Adam think diff-erently, to move beyond the environmental protection, and the Mercier, Dora Kelle, Victoria Benitez, highest level of professional training, conservation of natural resources For information about this and future Luke Bulman, Stephanie Salomon, opening a creative space within which and energy. GSAPP events, please contact Gabriel Bach, John Ramahlo, Lou the disciplines can re-think themselves Lafarge is committed to developing Benjamin Prosky, Director of Special Fernandez, Kevin Allen and the GSAPP in order to find new settings and new ever more innovative products and Events, at 212 854 9248; AV crew, Rosana Rubio-Hernandez, forms of professional, scholarly, solutions that generate value for the [email protected] Jesús Donaire García de la Mora, Mark technical, and ethical practice. building industry and reduce environ- Wasiuta and the GSAPP exhibitions www.arch.columbia.edu mental impact. To this end, the Group team, and Jieun Yang. boasts the world’s leading building The Department of Civil Engineering materials research facility near Lyons, Special thanks to our official and Engineering Mechanics is one of France, and employs over 500 people media sponsor: nine departments in the Fu Foundation worldwide in Research & Development. School of Engineering and Applied Lafarge also works in close partner- Science at Columbia University. ship with architects, engineers, and Offering undergraduate programs in users of its materials to push back the www.archpaper.com civil engineering and engineering limits of its products and promote mechanics, it provides students with a more sustainable construction Poster and program design: thumb firm technical basis while nurturing methods that limit the environmental decision-making and leadership and human impact of construction potential. The civil engineering while guaranteeing the highest quality program, accredited by ABET, has four in terms of aesthetics and durability. concentrations: structural engi- Over the past 15 years, the Group has neering; geotechnical engineering; taken part in a number of joint construction engineering and experiments and innovative architec- management; and water resources tural projects around the world. and environmental engineering. On the Additional information is available at grad-uate level, the department offers www.lafarge.com pro-grams leading to the MS degree, the professional degrees of Civil Engineer or Mechanics Engineer, and the Doctor of Engineering Science (EngScD) and Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) degrees. These programs are

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