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Xerox University Microfilms 300 North Zeeb Road Ann Arbor, Michigan 48106 74-3198 HOCKENBERY, David Mcclelland, 1944- the RADICAL REFORMATION in NÜRNBERG

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Xerox University Microfilms 300 North Zeeb Road Ann Arbor, Michigan 48106 74-3198 HOCKENBERY, David Mcclelland, 1944- the RADICAL REFORMATION in NÜRNBERG INFORMATION TO USERS This material was produced from a microfilm copy of the original document. While the most advanced technological means to photograph and reproduce this document have been used, the quality is heavily dependent upon the quality of the original submitted. The following explanation of techniques is provided to help you understand markings or patterns which may appear on this reproduction. 1. The sign or "target" for pages apparently lacking from the document photographed is "Missing Page(s)". If it was possible to obtain the missing page(s) or section, they are spliced into the film along with adjacent pages. This may have necessitated cutting thru an image and duplicating adjacent pages to insure you complete continuity. 2. When an image on the film is obliterated with a large round black mark, it is an indication that the photographer suspected that the copy may have moved during exposure and thus cause a blurred image. You will find a good image of the page in the adjacent frame. 3. When a map, drawing or chart, etc., was part of the material being photographed the photographer followed a definite method in "sectioning" the material. It is customary to begin photoing at the upper left hand corner of a large sheet and to continue photoing from left to right in equal sections with a small overlap. If necessary, sectioning is continued again — beginning below the first row and continuing on until complete. 4. The majority of users indicate that the textual content is of greatest value, however, a somewhat higher quality reproduction could be made from "photographs" if essential to the understanding of the dissertation. Silver prints of "photographs" may be ordered at additional charge by writing the Order Department, giving the catalog number, title, author and specific pages you wish reproduced. 5. PLEASE NOTE: Some pages may have indistinct print. Filmed as received. Xerox University Microfilms 300 North Zeeb Road Ann Arbor, Michigan 48106 74-3198 HOCKENBERY, David McClelland, 1944- THE RADICAL REFORMATION IN NÜRNBERG. 1524-1530. The Ohio State University, Ph.D., 1973 History, modern University Microfilms, A XEROX Company, Ann Arbor, Michigan © Copyright hy David McClelland Hockenhery 1973 THIS DISSERTATION HAS BEEN MICROFILMED EXACTLY AS RECEIVED. THE RADICAL RSFORJÎATIOÎT IE EUREBSRG, 1524-1530 DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Pulfillœent of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By David McClelland Hccicenhery, 3.A., I ***** The Ohio State University 1973 Reading Commitee: Approved hy Robert H. Bremner Franklin J« psgues Harold J. Grimm {Adviser Department of History ACKfiOWLEDGI-ÎENTS I should like to acknowledge that research for this study was undertaken while I was a Pulhright Graduate Fellow at Friedrich Alexander Universitat, Erlangen-Mmherg, 1970-1971 • I should also like to express my gratitude to Dr, Otto Puchner, Director of the Bayrisches Staatsarchiv, IMlmberg; Dr. Gerhard Hirschmann, Director of the îlümherg Stadtarchiv; and their staffs for their generous and friendly aid in opening the vast resources at their disposal to me; and to the staffs of the îîümherg Stadthihliothek, the Bihliothek of the Germanisches Hationalmuseum, H'tim'berg, and the Universitatshihliothek, Erlangen, for their generosity and cooperation making their resources available to me. Special acknowledgment goes to my wife and family for their long encouragement and patience, and especially to Professor Ifeirold J. Grimm, my "Doktorvater" at The Ohio State University, who is a continuing source of knowledge and inspiration to all of his students. IX 7ITA September 22, 1944»•*- B o m - Columbus, Ohio 1966 . B. A., Capital University, Bexley, Ohio 1966-1967............ Graduate School, Department of Philosophy Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 1968................. M. A., The Ohio State University Columbus, Ohio 1968-1970 , 1971-1972.. Teaching Associate, Department of History The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 1970-1971 ......... Pulbright Graduate Fellow Friedrich Alexander UniversitSt Erlangen-Mrnberg, Germany 1972- .............. Assistant Professor of History Baylor University, Waco, Texas FIELDS OF STUDY Major Field: Renaissance-Reformation. Professor Harold J. Grimm. Tudor-Stuart England. Professor R. Clayton Roberts. Early Modem Europe-French Revolution. Professor John C. Rule, Medieval Middle East. Professor Sydney Hettleton Fisher. Ill TABLE OP COïïTENTS Page ACKNOWLEDGMENTS.............................................. ii TITA......................................................... iii LIST OF TABLES............................................... v HAPS......................................................... vi ABBREVIATIONS................................................ vii Chapter I. INTRODUCTION.......................................... 1 II. THE BEGINNINGS OP RADICAL DISSENT..................... 12 The Peasant from Vî3hrd Mtîntzer and Karlstadt: Their Following in Ntlrnherg Hans Greiffenherger III. HANS DSNCK AND "THE GODLESS PADTTERS"......... ... 54 IV. THE CONTINUATION OF URBA2Ï RELIGIOUS .DISSENT........... 8l V. THE BEGINNINGS OF AÎTABAPTISM IIT NURISERG.............. 114 Background Wolfgang Vogel: The Discovery of the New Sect The Council's Initial Reaction VI. THE ITATURE OF ANAB.APTISM IN NÜRNBERG AND ITS ENVIRONS. 142 Hans Hut's Missionary Journeys The Border Villages Ntimherg and Her Villages VII. THE SOCIAL BACKGROUND OP THE RADICAL REFORMATION IN lïURNBERG: A STATISTICAL SUIGIARY................... 198 VIII. CONCLUSION................... 234 BIBLIOGRAPHY................................................. 244 iv LIST OF TABLES Table Page 1. Chronological Listing of Bon-Anabaptist "Fanatics”...» 200 2. Breakdown of Non-Anabaptist Radicals by Residence...,. 204 3. Occupational Breakdown of Urban Non-Anabaptist Radicals............................ 204 4. Social Stratification of Urban Non-Anabaptist Radicals ....... .................... ..... ..... 206 5» Occupational Breakdown of Rural and Alien Non- Anabaptists. .................... ........... 207 6. Chronological Listing of Persons Charged with Anabaptism from the City of Nürnberg 209 7. Chronological Listing of Persons Charged with Anabaptism from Nürnberg Villages............... 212 8. Chronological Listing of Persons Charged with Anabaptism from Villages Bordering Nürnberg Territory ..................... 217 9. Chronological Listing of Persons Charged with Anabaptism, Alien Seeking Residence or Refuge in Nürnberg..................... 222 10. Occupational Breakdown of Urban Anabaptists .... 223 11. Social Stratification of Urban Anabaptists............ 224 12. Occupational Breakdown of Anabaptists from Nürnberg Villages.................. 22$ 13 . Social Stratification of Anabaptists from Nürnberg Villages................................. 226 14 . Occupational Breakdown of Anabaptists from Border Villages........................................ 227 15 . Social Stratification of Anabaptists from Border Villages......................................... 228 V LIST OP TABLES-— Continued Table Page 16. Occupational Breakdown of All Rural Anabaptists....... 229" 17 . Social Stratification of All Rural Anabaptists........ 230 MAPS I. Rürnberg Villages with. Anabaptist Activity.,........ 143 VI ABBRE7IATI0ITS BB Briefbücher— Correspondence of the Nttrnherg City Council EB Ratshflcher— Decisions, Decrees, and Edicts of the Rürnherg City Council Rschlh. Ratschlaghttcher— Advice of Lawyers, Provosts, and Theologians to the Rtimherg City Council Rv. RatsverlSsse— Daily Minutes of the Mrnherg City Council's Meetings and Decisions VIZ CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION On the eve of the Reformation the free imperial city of Nürnberg was at the height of her international prestige as a center of commerce, industry', and culture. Her merchants roamed the furthest reaches of Europe in pursuit of raw materials and new markets. No fewer than twelve major trade routes converged upon her territory. Her handicrafts were considered among the finest anywhere. Her preci­ sion navigational instruments, clocks, and metal wares, ranging from heavy cannon to finely turned needles, were recognized as having no ec[ual with regard to the integrity and quality control with which they were made. Her artists, creative craftsmen, and humanist scholars made her the center of the Renaissance in Germany, as the names of Albrecht Dürer, Veit Stoss, Adam Kraft, Peter Vischer, Willibald Pirckheimer, Lazarus Spengler, and Hans Sachs, to name a few, testify. The pre-eminence of this South German city, which even Augsburg could not yet rival, was not due to mere chance, A well educated and wealthy patriciate was proverbial throughout Europe for its wise and prudent management of not only business affairs, but also govern­ ment and foreign policy. The city was considered to be a familial organism, and its city fathers managed all aspects of society as the head of any good household would. Nothing that occurred within the city's walls or territorial boundaries was outside the realm of the 1 2 governing council's concerns. The rights and privileges that made Kttmherg a free, imperial city had been won and sometimes fought for over several centuries. For the sustenance of an ever increasing populace the city had to expand the territory outside her walls. Security meant self-subsistence. Ntlmherg could only grow at the expense of her neighboring territorial lords, the margraves of Brandenburg-ânsbach-Kulmbach of the
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