National Guidelines: Responding to Grief, Trauma, and Distress After a Suicide
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Some Facts About Suicide and Depression
Some Facts About Suicide and Depression WHAT IS DEPRESSION? Depression is the most prevalent mental health disorder. The lifetime risk for depression is 6 to 25%. According to the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), 9.5% or 18.8 million American adults suffer from a depressive illness in any given year. There are two types of depression. In major depression, the symptoms listed below interfere with one’s ability to function in all areas of life (work, family, sleep, etc). In dysthymia, the symptoms are not as severe but still impede one’s ability to function at normal levels. Common symptoms of depression, reoccurring almost every day: o Depressed mood (e.g. feeling sad or empty) o Lack of interest in previously enjoyable activities o Significant weight loss or gain, or decrease or increase in appetite o Insomnia or hypersomnia o Agitation, restlessness, irritability o Fatigue or loss of energy o Feelings of worthlessness, hopelessness, guilt o Inability to think or concentrate, or indecisiveness o Recurrent thoughts of death, recurrent suicidal ideation, suicide attempt or plan for completing suicide A family history of depression (i.e., a parent) increases the chances (by 11 times) than a child will also have depression. The treatment of depression is effective 60 to 80% of the time. However, according the World Health Organization, less than 25% of individuals with depression receive adequate treatment. If left untreated, depression can lead to co-morbid (occurring at the same time) mental disorders such as alcohol and substance abuse, higher rates of recurrent episodes and higher rates of suicide. -
Prison Suicide: an Overview and Guide to Prevention National Institute of Corrections
U.S. Department of Justice National Institute of Corrections Prison Suicide: An Overview and Guide to Prevention National Institute of Corrections Morris L. Thigpen, Director Susan M. Hunter, Chief Prisons Division John E. Moore, Project Manager Prison Suicide: An Overview and Guide to Prevention By Lindsay M. Hayes Project Director National Center on Institutions and Alternatives Mansfield, Massachusetts June 1995 This document was prepared under grant number 93P01GHU1 from the National Institute of Corrections, U.S. Department of Justice. Points of view or opinions stated in this document are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent the official position or policies of the U.S. Department of Justice. Copyright © 1995 by the National Center on Institutions and Alternatives The National Institute of Corrections reserves the right to reproduce, publish, translate, or otherwise use, and to authorize others to publish and use all or any part of the copyrighted material contained in this publication. ii TABLE OF CONTENTS FOREWORD .......................................................................................................................................v PREFACE AND ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ..................................................................................vi 1. INTRODUCTION AND LITERATURE REVIEW ..............................................................1 2. NATIONAL AND STATE STANDARDS FOR PRISON SUICIDE PREVENTION ...........................................................................................................8 -
History of Suicide
History of suicide In general, the pagan world, both Roman and Greek, had a relaxed attitude towards the concept of suicide, a practice that was only outlawed with the advent of the Christians, who condemned it at the Council of Arles in 452 as the work of the Devil. In the Middle Ages, the Church had drawn-out discussions on the edge where the search for martyrdom was suicidal, as in the case of some of the martyrs of Córdoba. Despite these disputes and occasional official rulings, Catholic doctrine was not entirely settled on the subject of suicide until the later 17th century. There are some precursors of later Christian hostility in ancient Greek thinkers. Pythagoras, for example, was against the act, though more on mathematical than moral grounds, believing that there was only a finite number of souls for use in the world, and that the sudden and unexpected departure of one upset a delicate balance. Aristotle also condemned suicide, though for quite different, far more practical reasons, in that it robbed the community of the services of one of its members. A reading of Phaedo suggests that Plato was also against the practice, inasmuch as he allows Socrates to defend the teachings of the Orphics, who believed that the human body was the property of the gods, and thus self-harm was a direct offense against divine law. The death of Seneca (1684), painting by Luca Giordano, depicting the suicide of Seneca the Younger in Ancient Rome. In Rome, suicide was never a general offense in law, though the whole approach to the question was essentially pragmatic. -
Fresno County Community-Based Suicide Prevention Strategic Plan
Fresno County Community-Based Suicide Prevention Strategic Plan Written by DeQuincy A. Lezine, PhD and Noah J. Whitaker, MBA For those who struggle, those who have been lost, those left behind, may you find hope… Fresno Cares 2018 Introduction 4 Background and Rationale 5 How Suicide Impacts Fresno County 5 The Fresno County Suicide Prevention Collaborative 7 History 8 Capacity-Building 9 Suicide Prevention in Schools (AB 2246) 10 Workgroups 10 Data 11 Communication 11 Learning & Education 12 Health Care 13 Schools 14 Justice & First Responders 15 Understanding Suicide 16 Overview: the Suicidal crisis within life context 17 The Suicidal Crisis: Timeline of suicidal crisis and prevention 22 Levels of Influence: The Social-Ecological Model 23 Identifying and Characterizing Risk 24 Understanding How Risk Escalates Into Suicidal Thinking 26 Warning Signs: Recognizing when someone may be suicidal 27 Understanding How Suicidal Thinking Turns into Behavior 28 Understanding How a Suicide Attempt Becomes a Suicide 28 Understanding How Suicide Affects Personal Connections 29 Stopping the Crisis Path 30 Comprehensive Suicide Prevention in Fresno County 31 Health and Wellness Promotion 34 Prevention (Universal strategies) 34 Early Intervention (Selective strategies) 35 Clinical Intervention (Selective strategies) 35 Crisis Intervention and Postvention (Indicated strategies) 36 Where We are Now: Needs and Assets in Fresno County 37 Suicidal Thoughts and Feelings 37 Suicide Attempts 40 1 Suicide 41 Understanding -
Community Conversations to Inform Youth Suicide Prevention
2018 Community Conversations to Inform Youth Suicide Prevention A STUDY OF YOUTH SUICIDE IN FOUR COLORADO COUNTIES Presented to Attorney General Cynthia H. Coffman Colorado Office of the Attorney General By Health Management Associates 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgements............................................................................................................................................................. 3 Executive Summary..............................................................................................................................................................4 Introduction..........................................................................................................................................................................11 Scope of the Problem........................................................................................................................................................11 Key Stakeholder Interviews...........................................................................................................................................13 Community Focus Groups.............................................................................................................................................. 17 School Policies & Procedures........................................................................................................................................27 Traditional Media & Suicide.......................................................................................................................................... -
Answer Key: Suicide Prevention
Personal Health Series Suicide Quiz Answer Key 1. List four factors that can increase a teen’s risk of suicide: Any four of the following: a psychological disorder, especially depression, bipolar disorder, and alcohol and/or drug use; feelings of hopelessness and worthlessness; previous suicide attempt; family history of depression or suicide; emotional, physical, or sexual abuse; lack of a support network, poor relationships with parents or peers, and feelings of social isolation; dealing with bisexuality or homosexuality in an unsupportive family or community or hostile school environment; perfectionism. 2. True or false: If a person talks about suicide, it means he or she is just looking for attention and won’t go through with it. 3. True or false: The danger of suicide has passed when a person begins to cheer up. 4. List four warning signs that someone is thinking about suicide: Any four of the following: talking about suicide or death in general; hinting he/she might not be around anymore; talking about feeling hopeless or feeling guilty; pulling away from friends or family; writing songs, poems, or letters about death, separation, or loss; giving away treasured possessions; losing the desire to do favorite things or activities; having trouble concentrating or thinking clearly; changing eating or sleeping habits; engaging in risky or self-destructive behaviors; losing interest in school and/or extra-curricular activities. 5. True or false: Once a person is suicidal, he or she is suicidal forever. 6. True or false: Most teens who attempt suicide really intend to die. 7. True or false: If a friend tells you she’s considering suicide and swears you to secrecy, you have to keep your promise. -
Suicide Research: Selected Readings. Volume 2
SuicideResearchText-Vol2:SuicideResearchText-Vol2 8/6/10 11:00 AM Page i SUICIDE RESEARCH: SELECTED READINGS Volume 2 May 2009–October 2009 J. Sveticic, K. Andersen, D. De Leo Australian Institute for Suicide Research and Prevention WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Training in Suicide Prevention National Centre of Excellence in Suicide Prevention SuicideResearchText-Vol2:SuicideResearchText-Vol2 8/6/10 11:00 AM Page ii First published in 2009 Australian Academic Press 32 Jeays Street Bowen Hills Qld 4006 Australia www.australianacademicpress.com.au Reprinted in 2010 Copyright for the Introduction and Comments sections is held by the Australian Institute for Suicide Research and Prevention, 2009. Copyright in all abstracts is retained by the current rights holder. Apart from any use as permitted under the Copyright Act, 1968, no part may be reproduced without prior permission from the Australian Institute for Suicide Research and Prevention. ISBN: 978-1-921513-53-4 SuicideResearchText-Vol2:SuicideResearchText-Vol2 8/6/10 11:00 AM Page iii Contents Foreword ................................................................................................vii Acknowledgments ..............................................................................viii Introduction Context ..................................................................................................1 Methodology ........................................................................................2 Key articles Alexopoulos et al, 2009. Reducing suicidal ideation -
Preventing Suicide: a Global Imperative
PreventingPreventing suicidesuicide A globalglobal imperativeimperative PreventingPreventing suicidesuicide A globalglobal imperativeimperative WHO Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data Preventing suicide: a global imperative. 1.Suicide, Attempted. 2.Suicide - prevention and control. 3.Suicidal Ideation. 4.National Health Programs. I.World Health Organization. ISBN 978 92 4 156477 9 (NLM classification: HV 6545) © World Health Organization 2014 All rights reserved. Publications of the World Health Organization are The mention of specific companies or of certain manufacturers’ available on the WHO website (www.who.int) or can be purchased products does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by from WHO Press, World Health Organization, 20 Avenue Appia, the World Health Organization in preference to others of a similar 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland (tel.: +41 22 791 3264; fax: +41 22 791 nature that are not mentioned. Errors and omissions excepted, the 4857; e-mail: [email protected]). names of proprietary products are distinguished by initial capital letters. Requests for permission to reproduce or translate WHO publications –whether for sale or for non-commercial distribution– should be All reasonable precautions have been taken by the World Health addressed to WHO Press through the WHO website Organization to verify the information contained in this publication. (www.who.int/about/licensing/copyright_form/en/index.html). However, the published material is being distributed without warranty of any kind, either expressed or implied. The responsibility The designations employed and the presentation of the material in for the interpretation and use of the material lies with the reader. In this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion no event shall the World Health Organization be liable for damages whatsoever on the part of the World Health Organization concerning arising from its use. -
Suicide in Correctional Facilities
Suicide in Correctional Facilities Suicide in Correctional Facilities Albert De Amicis, MPPM University of Phoenix Faculty September 14, 2009 Suicide in a Correctional Facility Table of Contents ABSTRACT........................................................................................................................iii INTRODUCTION………………………………………………………………………....1 NCIA 1981 SUICIDE VICTIMS PROFILE – Table -1.......................................................3 DEFINE THE PROBLEM………………………………………………………………....8 GOALS AND OBJECTIVES……………………………………………………………..14 ESTABLISH THE EVALUATION CRITERIA……………………………………….....16 EVALUATING ALTERNATIVE POLICIES …………………………………………... 17 Alternative One - Elayn Hunt Correctional Center Suicide Prevention Plan.......... 17 Alternative Two - Jefferson County Corrections: Inmate Watch Program Helps Prevent Suicides..............................................................22 DISTINGUISHING AMONG ALTERNATIVES……………………………………….. 25 Alternative One - Elayn Hunt Correctional Center Suicide Prevention Plan.......... 25 Benefit Cost Analysis Salaries – Table-2....................................28 Alternative Two - Jefferson County Corrections: Inmate Watch Program Helps Prevent Suicides..............................................................30 DISTINGUISHING AMONG ALTERNATIVE POLICIES..............................................31 APPLICATION OF THE SATISFICING METHOD – Table-3.........................................31 MONITORING AND IMPLEMENTATION OF POLICIES ………………………........32 SUMMARY.........................................................................................................................33 -
Surviving Suicide Loss
Surviving Suicide Loss ISSUE NO 1 | SPRING 2021 | VOLUME 1 IN THIS ISSUE Letter from the Chair ………….……….……….……………….……….………. 1 AAS Survivor of the Year ……….……….…………………..……….……..…. 1 Editor’s Note ....……………………….……….……………….……….…………... 2 Surviving Suicide Loss in the Age of Covid ……….……….…………...…. 2 What the Latest Research Tells Us ……………….…….……….……………. 3 Waiting for the Fog to Clear ……………….…………………..……….…..…… 4 AAS Survivor-Related Events ……………….…..……….…………………..…. 4 In the Early Morning Hours …………………………………………………..…... 6 IN SEARCH OF NEW BEGINNINGS Letter from the Chair I clearly remember attending my first AAS conference in 2005. Six months after losing my sister, I was scared, confused, thirsty for knowledge and ever so emotional. There I met so many people who are near and dear to me today. They welcomed me, remi- nisced with me and, most of all, inspired me. On my flight back, I had many thoughts and feelings. As I am Building Community sure many of you have experienced, writing was both helpful Seeing my article made me feel a part of this community in and healing. So I wrote down my musings from the conference and when back at home, I edited the piece and sent it to Ginny the best ways, surrounded by supportive and like-minded Sparrow. minded folks. As you may remember, Ginny was the extraordinary editor of the Thus, I am happy to have a part in reviving “Surviving Suicide” print newsletter Surviving Suicide, a publication sent to AAS Loss in digital form. I hope it will be a place where all of us can Division members from approximately 1998 through 2007. share our thoughts, our news, our hopes and fears, while hon- oring our loved ones and further building our community. -
Abc's of Suicidology
ABC’S OF SUICIDOLOGY: THE ROLE OF AFFECT IN SUICIDAL BEHAVIORS AND COGNITIONS A Dissertation Presented to The Graduate Faculty of The University of Akron In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy Cynthia Ann Yamokoski August 2006 ABC’S OF SUICIDOLOGY: THE ROLE OF AFFECT IN SUICIDAL BEHAVIORS AND COGNITIONS Cynthia Ann Yamokoski Dissertation Approved: Accepted: _____________________________ ______________________________ Advisor Department Chair Karen R. Scheel Sajit Zachariah _____________________________ ______________________________ Committee Member Dean of the College Sharon Kruse Patricia A. Nelson _____________________________ ______________________________ Committee Member Dean of the Graduate School James Rogers George R. Newkome _____________________________ _______________________________ Committee Member Date Robert Schwartz _____________________________ Committee Member Linda Subich ii ABSTRACT The study of affect and cognition has been important in understanding suicide; however, the research and literature historically have placed more emphasis upon cognitive factors. Clearly, cognitive processes play a significant role in suicidal thoughts and behaviors, but it is also important to increase the focus on affect. There is support for the role of affect and the fact that cognition and affect combine with one another to impact suicidal behaviors. These findings may be advanced through the application of a theoretical model of affect in order to gain insight into the manner in which cognition and affect specifically relate to one another to impact suicidal thoughts and behaviors. Other goals of the current study were to examine the relationship between affect and cognition in suicidal individuals, to determine if different patterns of affect exist for different subtypes of suicidal individuals (i.e., no suicidality, suicidal ideation only, suicidal behaviors), and to assess the unique role of affect in relation to cognition. -
Critical Suicidology Transforming Suicide Research and Prevention for the 21St Century
Critical Suicidology Transforming Suicide Research and Prevention for the 21st Century Edited by Jennifer White, Ian Marsh, Michael J. Kral, and Jonathan Morris Sample Material © 2016 UBC Press © UBC Press 2016 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without prior written permission of the publisher, or, in Canada, in the case of photocopying or other reprographic copying, a licence from Access Copyright, www.accesscopyright.ca. 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 5 4 3 2 1 Printed in Canada on FSC-certified ancient-forest-free paper (100% post-consumer recycled) that is processed chlorine- and acid-free. Library and Archives Canada Cataloguing in Publication Critical suicidology : transforming suicide research and prevention for the 21st century / edited by Jennifer White, Ian Marsh, Michael J. Kral, and Jonathan Morris. Includes bibliographical references and index. Issued in print and electronic formats. ISBN 978-0-7748-3029-4 (bound).—ISBN 978-0-7748-3031-7 (pdf).— ISBN 978-0-7748-3032-4 (epub) 1. Suicide. 2. Suicide—Prevention. 3. Suicide—Sociological aspects. 4. Suicidal behavior. I. White, Jennifer, editor HV6545.C75 2015 362.28 C2015-905396-X C2015-905397-8 UBC Press gratefully acknowledges the financial support for our publishing program of the Government of Canada (through the Canada Book Fund), the Canada Council for the Arts, and the British Columbia Arts Council. UBC Press The University of British Columbia 2029 West Mall Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z2 www.ubcpress.ca Sample Material © 2016 UBC Press Contents Introduction: Rethinking Suicide / 1 JENNIFER WHITE, IAN MARSH, MICHAEL J.