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Technical and System Requirements for Advanced Distribution Automation

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Technical and System Requirements for Advanced Distribution Automation Effective December 6, 2006, this report has been made publicly available in accordance with Section 734.3(b)(3) and published in accordance with Section 734.7 of the U.S. Export Administration Regulations. As a result of this publication, this report is subject to only copyright protection and does not require any license agreement from EPRI. This notice supersedes the export control restrictions and any proprietary licensed material notices embedded in the document prior to publication. Technical and System Requirements for Advanced Distribution Automation Technical Report Technical and System Requirements for Advanced Distribution Automation 1010915 Final Report, June 2004 EPRI Project Manager F. Goodman EPRI • 3412 Hillview Avenue, Palo Alto, California 94304 • PO Box 10412, Palo Alto, California 94303 • USA 800.313.3774 • 650.855.2121 • [email protected] • www.epri.com DISCLAIMER OF WARRANTIES AND LIMITATION OF LIABILITIES THIS DOCUMENT WAS PREPARED BY THE ORGANIZATION(S) NAMED BELOW AS AN ACCOUNT OF WORK SPONSORED OR COSPONSORED BY THE ELECTRIC POWER RESEARCH INSTITUTE, INC. (EPRI). NEITHER EPRI, ANY MEMBER OF EPRI, ANY COSPONSOR, THE ORGANIZATION(S) BELOW, NOR ANY PERSON ACTING ON BEHALF OF ANY OF THEM: (A) MAKES ANY WARRANTY OR REPRESENTATION WHATSOEVER, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, (I) WITH RESPECT TO THE USE OF ANY INFORMATION, APPARATUS, METHOD, PROCESS, OR SIMILAR ITEM DISCLOSED IN THIS DOCUMENT, INCLUDING MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, OR (II) THAT SUCH USE DOES NOT INFRINGE ON OR INTERFERE WITH PRIVATELY OWNED RIGHTS, INCLUDING ANY PARTY'S INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY, OR (III) THAT THIS DOCUMENT IS SUITABLE TO ANY PARTICULAR USER'S CIRCUMSTANCE; OR (B) ASSUMES RESPONSIBILITY FOR ANY DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY WHATSOEVER (INCLUDING ANY CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES, EVEN IF EPRI OR ANY EPRI REPRESENTATIVE HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES) RESULTING FROM YOUR SELECTION OR USE OF THIS DOCUMENT OR ANY INFORMATION, APPARATUS, METHOD, PROCESS, OR SIMILAR ITEM DISCLOSED IN THIS DOCUMENT. ORGANIZATION THAT PREPARED THIS DOCUMENT EPRI PEAC Corporation Enernex Corporation EPRI ORDERING INFORMATION Requests for copies of this report should be directed to EPRI Orders and Conferences, 1355 Willow Way, Suite 278, Concord, CA 94520, (800) 313-3774, press 2 or internally x5379, (925) 609-9169, (925) 609-1310 (fax). Electric Power Research Institute and EPRI are registered service marks of the Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. EPRI. ELECTRIFY THE WORLD is a service mark of the Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. Copyright © 2004 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved. CITATIONS This report was prepared by EPRI PEAC Corporation 942 Corridor Park Blvd. Knoxville, TN 37932 Principal Investigators M. McGranaghan W. Roettger Enernex Corporation 144-E Market Place Boulevard Knoxville, TN 37922 Principal Investigators E. Gunther J. King EPRI 3412 Hillview Ave. Palo, Alto, CA 94304 Principal Investigator F. Goodman This report describes research sponsored by EPRI. The report is a corporate document that should be cited in the literature in the following manner: Technical and System Requirements for Advanced Distribution Automation, EPRI, Palo Alto, CA: 2004. 1010915. iii REPORT SUMMARY Traditional distribution systems were designed to perform one function: distribute electrical energy to end-users. Advanced Distribution Automation (ADA) is a concept for a fully controllable and flexible distribution system that will facilitate the exchange of both electrical energy and information between participants and system components. This report presents background information on distribution automation technologies and develops a roadmap to achieve the ADA systems required for future power delivery systems. Background ADA will be a revolutionary approach to managing and controlling distribution systems. It will achieve a fully controllable and automated distribution system, resulting in tremendous gains in system reliability, power quality, and efficiency. There are two critical components to the concept of ADA: an open communication architecture to facilitate the system monitoring and control functions of ADA and a redeveloped electrical architecture to enable an interoperable network of intelligent electronic devices. These two elements, working synergistically, will comprise the distribution system of the future. Objectives To describe the vision for ADA and characterize its benefits for the power system of the future; to determine the system and technology requirements for realizing this ADA vision over the next 20 years; to identify research needed to develop ADA; to define EPRI’s role in developing the technology. Approach The project team reviewed existing distribution automation programs and research initiatives from North American and international utilities, manufacturers, and research organizations. They consulted EPRI advisors, industry experts, literature, research organizations, and standards working group members, such as those involved in writing IEC and IEEE standards, to characterize the needs of the future system. The team reviewed research initiatives currently planned by EPRI and other research organizations relating to these needs and identified areas in which research could be coordinated. In cooperation with EPRI advisors and the EPRI project manager, the team developed preliminary timetables and estimates of research budget requirements for the various project areas. v Results The report outlines the current state of the art in distribution automation and develops a requirements definition for ADA. Significant development in a number of technology areas will be required to achieve the objectives and the vision of ADA. This report provides a roadmap for these development efforts, organized into five main research areas: 1. Distribution system topologies 2. Communication and information systems 3. Advanced technologies such as power electronics 4. Sensors and monitoring systems 5. Advanced protection and control systems The report also addresses economic issues and evaluates the value proposition for ADA based on four categories of benefits: 1. The value of reliability and power quality 2. Improved operations and asset management 3. Reduced loses 4. Overall system energy management, reliability, and security EPRI Perspective The electric power distribution system faces a whole series of challenges and opportunities: aging systems, availability of improved distribution system technologies, demand for higher reliability, customer outage intolerance, industry restructuring, need for improved customer service options, and management of distributed generation. These forces set the stage for fundamental change in distribution system infrastructure. Recognizing the costs and benefits of this change and its importance to the nation’s security and economic well-being, EPRI created the ADA Program to help the industry develop a more economical and effective distribution system. This report identifies the research needed to realize the ADA vision and explores ways in which stakeholders can collaborate to further the development process. Keywords Distribution automation Advanced distribution automation Substation automation Feeder automation Distributed energy resources Distributed generation and storage Distribution communication systems Intelligent electronic devices Power electronics Power quality and reliability vi EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Project Overview Traditional distribution systems were designed to perform one function—distribute electrical energy to end-users. Advanced Distribution Automation (ADA) is a concept for a fully controllable and flexible distribution system that will facilitate the exchange of electrical energy AND information between participants and system components. The lines between supplier and consumer will blur because many of participants will assume both roles and will need to switch effortlessly between these roles, possibly several times a day. The exchange of data and information will facilitate the “supplying” or “using” of electrical energy based on dynamic rather than static prices. ADA is distinct from traditional distribution automation (DA). Traditional DA has been principally concerned with automated control of basic distribution circuit switching functions. ADA is concerned with complete automation of all the controllable equipment and functions in the distribution system to improve strategic operation of the system. The various components are made interoperable in ADA, and the communication and control capabilities are put in place to operate the system. The result is added functionality and better performance, reliability, and cost, relative to today’s system operations. In total, ADA will be a revolutionary change to distribution system infrastructure, as opposed to simple incremental improvements to DA. However, this revolutionary change will occur in an evolutionary manner due to the tremendous investment in legacy systems and the rate of technological progress. There are two critical components to the concept of ADA: 1. An open communication architecture to facilitate the system monitoring and control functions of ADA 2. A redeveloped power system from an electrical architecture standpoint to enable an interoperable network of components. These two elements are synergistic and inter-related with each other and together they comprise the distribution system of the future. In the EPRI Electricity Technology Roadmap for the Power Delivery System
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