The Automation of New and Existing Substations: Why and How?
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246 THE AUTOMATION OF NEW AND EXISTING SUBSTATIONS: WHY AND HOW? Working Group B5.07 April 2004 Copyright © 2002 Tout détenteur d'une publication CIGRE sur support papier ou électronique n'en possède qu'un droit d'usage.Sont interdites,sauf accord express du CIGRE, la reproduction totale ou partielle autre qu'à usage personnel et privé, et toute mise a disposition de tiers, dont la diffusion sur un réseau intranet ou un réseau d'entreprise. Copyright © 2002 Ownership of a CIGRE publication, whether in paper form or on electronic support only infers right of use for personal purposes..Are prohibited, except if explicity agreed by CIGRE, total or partial reproduction of the publication for use other than personal and transfer to a third party; hence circulation on any intranet or other company network is forbidden. Report No: August 2003 The automation of new and existing substations: why and how Sponsored by the CIGRE Study Committee B5 Copyright © 2003 by the International Council on Large Electric Systems 21 rue d’Artois 75008 Paris, France All rights reserved. Permission is hereby granted for CIGRE participants to reproduce this document for purposes of CIGRE activities. Permission is also granted for member bodies and technical committees of IEEE, ISO and IEC to reproduce this document for purposes of developing a national position. Other entities seeking permission to reproduce this document for standardisation or other activities, or to reproduce portions of this document for these or other uses, must contact CIGRE for the appropriate license. CIGRE Copyright and Permissions International Council on Large Electric Systems 21 rue d’Artois 75008 Paris, France 21 Apr. 04 Copyright © 2003 CIGRE. All rights reserved. Page i At the time this report was completed, Working Group 07 of CIGRE Study Committee B5 had the following membership [Corresponding Member is designated CM]: Walter Baass (Switzerland), Chair Riyadh Al-Umair (Saudi Arabia) Jurij Curk (Slovenia) Dennis Holstein (USA) Han Lauw (Netherlands) John Newbury (UK) Inaki Ojanguren (Spain) Denis Rebattu (France) Holger Schubert (Germany) Ioan Viziteu (Romania) Laurent Karsenti (France) Robert Corlew (USA-CM) H. Lee Smith (USA-CM) John Tengdin (USA-CM) 21 Apr. 04 Copyright © 2003 CIGRE. All rights reserved. Page ii Table of contents 1 INTRODUCTION.........................................................................................................................1 1.1 Purpose......................................................................................................................................1 1.2 Scope .........................................................................................................................................1 1.3 How to use this report ..............................................................................................................2 2 WHY DO EXISTING SUBSTATIONS NEED TO BE AUTOMATED..........................................3 2.1 Economical ................................................................................................................................3 2.2 Technical....................................................................................................................................5 2.3 Conclusions...............................................................................................................................6 3 WHAT FUNCTIONS CAN BE DESIGNED INTO AUTOMATED SUBSTATIONS.....................7 3.1 Typical structure of an automated system .............................................................................7 3.2 Protection ..................................................................................................................................8 3.3 Control .......................................................................................................................................8 3.4 Metering .....................................................................................................................................9 3.5 Monitoring..................................................................................................................................9 3.6 Analysis and Diagnostics.........................................................................................................9 3.7 Support intelligence for operation and restoration ...............................................................9 3.8 Automatic documentation......................................................................................................10 3.9 Safe and secure operation .....................................................................................................11 3.10 Multiple use of data.................................................................................................................11 3.11 Typical structure of tomorrow’s automated system............................................................11 3.12 Functional comparison of the different generations of technology...................................13 3.13 Conclusions.............................................................................................................................14 4 EXPERIENCES TO DATE WITH THE APPLICATION OF AUTOMATION.............................15 4.1 The experience of Iberdrola (Spain) ......................................................................................15 21 Apr. 04 Copyright © 2003 CIGRE. All rights reserved. Page iii 4.2 The experience of NV Remu (The Netherlands) ...................................................................19 5 POSSIBLE ARCHITECTURE OF HV SUBSTATION AUTOMATED SYSTEMS ....................23 5.1 Main features of SAS in a standard industrial offer.............................................................23 5.2 Main functional requirements for SAS..................................................................................25 5.3 Identification of typical SAS architectures ...........................................................................26 5.4 Conclusion...............................................................................................................................32 6 TIE INTO MEDIUM VOLTAGE AUTOMATION SCHEMES.....................................................33 6.1 Physical dimensions and configuration ...............................................................................33 6.2 Position and importance in the power system.....................................................................34 6.3 Operation .................................................................................................................................34 6.4 Control system ........................................................................................................................35 6.5 Conclusion...............................................................................................................................36 7 INCORPORATION OF WIDE AREA FUNCTIONS REQUIRING EXCHANGE OF DATA FOR CONTROL AND PROTECTION ...............................................................................................38 7.1 Incorporation of wide area network structures in substation automation ........................38 7.2 Applications requiring exchange of data from other sites .................................................39 7.3 Incorporation of data from other devices and other sites ..................................................39 7.4 Speed requirements over the network..................................................................................40 7.5 IED availability.........................................................................................................................41 7.6 Conclusions.............................................................................................................................41 8 CURRENT STATE OF COMMUNICATION STANDARDS AND APPLICATIONS .................42 8.1 General.....................................................................................................................................42 8.2 The need for interoperability..................................................................................................42 8.3 Conclusion...............................................................................................................................44 9 LIFE CYCLE COST MODEL ....................................................................................................48 9.1 Theoretical model ...................................................................................................................48 21 Apr. 04 Copyright © 2003 CIGRE. All rights reserved. Page iv 9.2 Example model........................................................................................................................58 10 ROLE OF THE SYSTEM INTEGRATOR .................................................................................68 10.1 The vision of the utility ...........................................................................................................69 10.2 System Integrator responsibilities ........................................................................................70 10.3 Conclusion...............................................................................................................................75 11 FINDINGS .................................................................................................................................76