Publication of this collection of essays was made possible thanks to the invaluable support of the University of Ottawa Library, and librarians Jeanette Hatherill, Mélanie Brunet, and Sarah Simpkin. Copyright © 2018 Authors. Mary Aksim Brittany Melia Ravneet Kaur Bajwa Roshae Miller Xiaofan Cai Ellen O’Dair Grace Clark Raphaël Plamondon Anna Gopenko Sarah Potts Tom Jiang Evan Sterling Xiaohan Li Jiaxin Yao Wanting Ma Zhinan Yu This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike International 4.0 license (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0) (terms available at https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/). You are free to: • Share — copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format • Adapt — remix, transform, and build upon the material Under the following terms: • Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use. • NonCommercial — You may not use the material for commercial purposes. • ShareAlike — If you remix, transform, or build upon the material, you must distribute your contributions under the same license as the original. • No additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits. Please cite, don’t steal! Visit the accompanying webspace and blogs for this book to have access to additional resources here! Cover design created by Grace Clark, Zongjun (Tom) Jiang, Roshae Miller and Raphael Plamondon. Set in Gill Sans by Grace Clark. Icons created by Grace Clark and adapted from Pixabay. Article format by Xiaofan Cai, Xiaohan Li, Wanting Ma, Brittany Melia, Sarah Potts and Evan Sterling. Set in Gill Sans and Times New Roman. Marketing by Mary Aksim, Ravneet Bajwa, Anna Gopenko, Ellen O’Dair, Jiaxin Yao and Zhinan Yu. Supervising editor: Jada Watson. Table of Contents About the book ..................................................................................................................................... i Preface by Jada Watson ....................................................................................................................... ii 1 | Canadian Publishing and CanLit: The Legacy of the Massey Report ...................................... 1 Sarah Potts 2 | White-Dominated Cultural Appropriation in the Publishing Industry ..................................... 11 Zhinan Yu 3 | The Chinese Mark: How to Prevent Fake News by Chinese Publishers .................................. 21 Zongjun (Tom) Jiang 4 | Twitter as a Marketing Tool for Publishers: Opportunities and Challenges ........................... 31 Xiaohan Li 5 | Problematic Nature of Self-Plagiarism: An Ethical Grey Area ............................................... 39 Wanting Ma 6 | The Rising Popularity of Preprints: More Power to the Community ....................................... 48 Evan Sterling 7 | Alternative Forms of Publishing for Academic Works ............................................................ 61 Anna Gopenko 8 | Publishing Online Digital Exhibits Containing Orphan Works: A Case Study ....................... 73 Mary Aksim 9 | The Future is Open Access ...................................................................................................... 83 Roshae Miller 10 | Digital Fiction: The Modern Alternative to Traditional Publishing ........................................ 93 Grace Clark 11 | Self-Publishing: YouTube Communities Contributing to Success in the Publishing World ... 100 Ravneet Bajwa 12 | Online Graphic Novels: A Case Study on Faith Erin Hicks .................................................. 109 Brittany Melia 13 | The Sustainability of Free Content: Learning from Webcomics ........................................... 119 Raphaël Plamondon 14 | Fan Fiction, Copyright Infringement and Fair Use in U.S. Copyright Law .......................... 126 Xiaofan Cai 15 | From Blog to Blook ............................................................................................................... 136 Jiaxin Yao 16 | Acquiring Self-Published Material: Challenges and Opportunities for Libraries .................. 145 Ellen O’Dair Contributing Authors ....................................................................................................................... 153 About the book Mary Aksim, Ravneet Bajwa, Anna Gopenko, Ellen O’Dair, Wanting Ma, Jiaxin Yao and Zhinan Yu Moving Through the Grey: Publishing in Action was created as a project for ISI6314 - The Publishing Business: Transformations and Opportunities course at the University of Ottawa. The book explores various aspects and perspectives of the publishing business in the context of both traditional and self-publishing practices. The advancement of technology provides more ways of communication; the trend of globalization also facilitates writers to have alternative options (eg: self-publishing) to disseminate their ideas with fewer biases and restrictions. At the same time, alternative forms of publishing may present challenges unforeseen before, like in the case of academic publishing, where no successful alternative has yet been found for a peer-review process. The scheme of self-publishing is open for opinion sharing, which helps to build a reciprocal and participatory community for those who hold common interest, and have passion to share with others. Moving Through the Grey: Publishing in Action has chapters speaking to the history of publishing, self-publishing, how social media interacts with publishing, publishing around the world, ethical issues to consider in publishing as well as the use and change of technology. Moving through the Grey: Publishing in Action The Publishing Business: Transformations and Opportunities (ISI6314 – Winter 2018) Moving through the Grey: Preface Jada Watson, Faculty of Arts (supervising editor) In the conclusion of their article on “Non-traditional book publishing,” Jana Bradley, Bruce Fulton, Marlene Helm and Katherine A. Pittner challenge publishers, authors, distributors, retailers, librarians and readers to re-conceptualize the contemporary book environment as a living organism. Technologies, and uses of technologies, they argue, are “drivers of change for both traditional and non-traditional publishing” (2011, p. 12). These technologies have created a hyper-abundant world in which patterns of authoring, reading and readership, and options for publishing and reusing materials are constantly evolving, offering new opportunities and spaces in which books are created, edited, accessed and discovered (p. 12). Indeed, the boundaries between author, reader and publisher are blurring, and the notion of what constitutes a “book” is constantly evolving. It is in this grey area of publishing that this volume lies. The work of the students in The Publishing Business: Transformations and Opportunities (ISI6314) at the University of Ottawa represents a community of graduate students reflecting on how technology and uses of technology have changed the publishing industry. Their essays seek to understand a constantly transforming industry in the digital era, focusing on how we got here, where we are today, and where we’re headed. While some students unpack issues of national or cultural identity and appropriation in the publishing industry, others grapple with cultural and legal issues surrounding the impact of digital self-publishing and alternative forms of dissemination in all realms of publication (trade, academic and news), reflect on the rise of community-based authoring and reviewing platforms, and explore how social media has changed the publishing landscape in ways that challenge all preconceived ideas about the industry. The book is not organized by section, but rather as an over-arching narrative that develops from cultural issues surrounding national publishing and information dissemination in iii Canada and China, moving through transformations and challenges impacting academic publishing, and concluding in the world of self-publishing. The overriding narrative here is one of an industry in transformation, from the socio-cultural and political issues surrounding publishing as an industry, to the emergence of alternative forms of dissemination for trade and academic authors, and to the role of the reader, the reviewer and the library in this ever-changing ecosystem. Titled Moving Through the Grey: Publishing in Action, the students explore the in- between, the blurred boundaries, and challenge the notion of publishing in the 21st century. The diversity of topics explored in this volume are a testament to the multi-disciplinary background of the students in the class. The course is offered as part of the Master of Information Studies program, but open to graduate students in the Master of Communications. The students within both programs come from a variety of disciplinary backgrounds and have diverse interests, including Linguistics, Psychology, Canadian cultural studies, Journalism, Greek and Roman Studies and English (to name but a few). This collection speaks to that multi- and inter-disciplinarity. In addition to researching and writing their own chapters, the students featured in this collection peer-reviewed and edited each other’s work. Taking a modified review process, their goal was to provide constructive feedback to their peers, offer guidance on research and writing, and create an environment