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Efforts in Preparation for Jack Validation University of Pennsylvania ScholarlyCommons Center for Human Modeling and Simulation Department of Computer & Information Science 12-1997 Efforts in Preparation for Jack Validation Francisco Azuola University of Pennsylvania Norman I. Badler University of Pennsylvania, [email protected] Pei-Hwa Ho University of Pennsylvania Suejung Huh University of Pennsylvania, [email protected] Evangelos Kokkevis University of Pennsylvania See next page for additional authors Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.upenn.edu/hms Part of the Engineering Commons, and the Graphics and Human Computer Interfaces Commons Recommended Citation Azuola, F., Badler, N. I., Ho, P., Huh, S., Kokkevis, E., & Ting, B. (1997). Efforts in Preparation for Jack Validation. US Army Research Laboratory, Retrieved from https://repository.upenn.edu/hms/191 This paper is posted at ScholarlyCommons. https://repository.upenn.edu/hms/191 For more information, please contact [email protected]. Efforts in Preparation for Jack Validation Abstract This document presents a detailed record of the methodologies, assumptions, limitations, and references used in creating the human figure model in Jack, a program that displays and manipulates articulated geometric figures. This report reflects current efforts to develop and refine Jack software to enable its validation and verification as a oolt for performing human engineering analysis. These efforts include human figure model improvements, statistical anthropometric data processing methods, enhanced human figure model construction and measuring methods, and automated accomodation analysis. This report discusses basic details of building human models, model anthropometry, scaling, Jack anthropometry-based human models, statistical data processing, figure generation tools, anthropometric errors, inverse dynamics, smooth skin implementation, guidelines used in estimating landmark locations on the model, and recommendations for validating and verifying the Jack human figure model. Keywords Computer programs, Statistical data, Human factors engineering, Statistical processes, Anthropometry, Measurement, Position(Location), Verification, alidation,V Models, Humans, Tools, Dynamics, Construction, Geometric forms, Errors, Inversion, Navigation reference, Jack software, Jack anthropometry based human model Disciplines Computer Sciences | Engineering | Graphics and Human Computer Interfaces Author(s) Francisco Azuola, Norman I. Badler, Pei-Hwa Ho, Suejung Huh, Evangelos Kokkevis, and Bond-Jay Ting This technical report is available at ScholarlyCommons: https://repository.upenn.edu/hms/191 ARMY RESEARCH LABORA TORY Efforts in Preparation for Jack Validation Francisco Azuola Norman L. Badler Pei-Hwa Ho Suejung Huh Evangelos Kokkevis Bond-Jay Ting ARL-CR-418 DECEMBER 1997 prepared by Department of Computer and Information Science School of Engineering and Applied Science University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6389 under contract DAMD17 94 J 4486 19980202 054 Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. Indigo 2TM is a trademark of Silicon Graphics, Inc. The findings in this report are not to be construed as an official Department of the Army position unless so designated by other authorized documents. Citation of manufacturer's or trade names does not constitute an official endorsement or approval of the use thereof. Destroy this report when it is no longer needed. Do not return it to the originator. Army Research Laboratory Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005-5425 ARL-CR-418 December 1997 Efforts in Preparation for Jack Validation prepared by Francisco E. Azuola Norman L. Badler Pei-Hwa Ho Suejung Huh Evangelos Kokkevis Bond-Jay Ting University of Pennsylvania under contract DAMD17 94 J 4486 Blank Pages Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. Abstract This document presents a detailed record of the methodologies, assumptions, limitations, and references used in creating the human figure model in Jack, a program that displays and manipulates articulated geometric figures. This report reflects current efforts to develop and refine Jack software to enable its validation and verification as a tool for performing human engineering analysis. These efforts include human figure model improvements, statistical anthropometric data processing methods, enhanced human figure model construction and measuring methods, and automated accomodation analysis. This report discusses basic details of building human models, model anthropometry, scaling, Jack anthropometry-based human models, statistical data processing, figure generation tools, anthropometric errors, inverse dynamics, smooth skin implementation, guidelines used in estimating landmark locations on the model, and recommendations for validating and verifying the Jack human figure model. CONTENTS CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION ...................................... 5 THE HUMAN MODEL ....................................... 5 ANTHROPOMETRY-BASED HUMAN MODEL CONSTRUCTION ...... 6 RECENT DEVELOPMENTS ..................................... 7 CONCLUSIONS ............................................ 9 OTHER IMPORTANT REFERENCES ............................ 10 CHAPTER 2 VIRTUAL HUMAN MODELS ............................. 11 THE HUMAN BODY ........................................ 11 VIRTUAL HUMAN MODELS .................................. 12 CHAPTER 3 HUMAN FIGURE MODEL ANTHROPOMETRY ............... 17 MEASUREMENTS OF THE HUMAN MODEL ..................... 17 SIGNIFICANCE OF MEASUREMENTS ........................... 18 CHAPTER 4 SCALING GEOMETRIC OBJECTS ......................... 19 SCALING DEFINED ......................................... 19 DIMENSIONAL SCALING .................................... 19 NORMALIZATION ......................................... 19 LINEAR SCALING .......................................... 20 EXTENSIONS OF LINEAR SCALING ............................ 21 NON-UNIFORM SCALING .................................... 21 SUPPORTED SPECIFICATIONS ................................ 22 CHAPTER 5 ANTHROPOMETRY-BASED HUMAN MODEL GENERATION ... 25 FIGURE MODEL METHODS .................................. 25 JOINTS .. .................................................. 41 MASS .. ................................................... 43 CENTER OF MASS COMPUTATION ............................ 45 SPECIAL BODY CONSTRUCTS ................................. 45 ANTHROPOMETRY OF THE HAND ............................ 46 FEM ALE . ................................................. 47 CHAPTER 6 STATISTICAL METHODS ............................... 49 INTRODUCTION ........................................... 49 PROPORTIONALITY RECONSTRUCTION ........................ 49 FAMILIES OF FIGURES ...................................... 51 CHAPTER 7 GENERATOR OF FIGURES ............................... 59 GENFIG .................................................. 59 THE CONSTRUCTOR ........................................ 61 THE MEASURER ............................................ 61 CHAPTER 8 ANTHROPOMETRIC ERROR ............................... 63 ANTHROPOMETRIC ERROR MODEL ........................... 63 CHAPTER 9 INVERSE DYNAMICS ................................... 67 INTRODUCTION ............................................ 67 INTRODUCTION TO INVERSE DYNAMICS ....................... 67 INVERSE DYNAMICS IN JACK ................................ 68 COM MANDS ............................................... 68 READING FRAME DATA .................................... 70 CHAPTER 10 SMOOTH SKIN ....................................... 71 DESIGN GOAL ............................................. 71 GEOMETRY SEGMENTATION ................................ 72 ALGORITHM FOR FREE-FORM DEFORMATION .................. 72 CONTROL ................................................ 73 RESULT ................................................... 74 CHAPTER 11 ESTIMATION OF LANDMARK LOCATIONS ................ 75 REFERENCES ................................................... 77 APPENDICES A., Normalization and Scaling of Body Segments ....................... 81 B. Torso Distribution Factors ................................... 85 C. Postures for Measurement .................................... 89 D. Normalization Sites - Link System .............................. 95 E. Default Anthropometric Variables ............................... 99 F. The Figure File . ........................................... 103 G. Landmarks .............................................. 139 DISTRIBUTION LIST ............................................. 151 REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE .................................. 159 2 FIGURES 1. Polybody Human Figure Model ................................ 13 2. Viewpoint Human Figure Model ................................ 14 3. Original and Normalized ..................................... 20 4. Results of Non-Uniform Scaling ................................ 22 5. Anomalies Caused by Linear Scaling ............................. 23 6. Rules: Intermediate Anthropometric Data Representation .............. 28 7. Rules: Target Anthropometric Data Representation .................. 29 8. Joint Description .......................................... 42 9. Joint Description (hands) ..................................... 43 10. Segment Center of Mass Computation ........................... 45 11. Anthropometric Survey Data Mapping ........................... 48 12. Joint Limits. .............................................. 48 13. Graphical User Interface of Genfig .............................
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