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SACRIST ROLLS of ELY \ All Rights Reserved] THE LIBRARY OF Su THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES Pr 21 ^ Mo\ fh£^& /U^^ ^7 A 5 wO SACRIST ROLLS OF ELY \_All Rights reserved] TitteHon, E ELY CATHEDRAL. Previous to the painting of the octagon vault. SACRIST ROLLS OF ELY EDITED BY F. R. CHAPMAN, M.A. CANON OF ELY AND SOMETIME ARCHDEACON OF SUDBURY VOLUME I NOTES ON TRANSCRIPTS Printed for private circulation only CAMBRIDGE : PRINTED AT THE UNIVERSITY PRESS 1907 : dDambrtDge PRINTED BY JOHN CLAY, M.A. AT THE UNIVERSITY PRESS. — 5107 v. I PREFACE. 1 " ONE of the ancient Sagas of Iceland bears the title of" Hungurvaka the " Hunger-waker "—an indication from the author to his readers that he presents to them no finished or perfect work, but only a first instalment by which he hopes to kindle an interest in the subject of his book, and to provoke a desire for more. Some such design is offered as an apology for the publication of a first and very small portion of the documents which have been for centuries lying in the Muniment Room of Ely Cathedral. The present issue is but a sample of a large store: whether it will prove "a Hungurvaka" or whether the response will be "Hold, enough," time will show; but in either event, the success or failure of the publication must fall, as well on those by whose desire the task was undertaken, as on him who undertook it. As successors to the Prior and convent of a Benedictine Monastery, the Dean and Chapter of Ely in the 16th century inherited parchments which had accumulated in the hands of men, trained in each generation to treasure with care the documents which descended to them from the 2 past, and in their turn to hand on the records of their own time . Very numerous, therefore, must have been the writings which under Henry the Eighth's charter came into the possession of the new occupants of the Ely College. But, alas ! as with the fair buildings of the Monastery, so with the parchments in the Muniment Room. Careless custody, wanton destruction, the rust, the moth and the mildew, have since made sad havoc with the once rich legacy bequeathed by the past. The destruction of some of the old manuscripts of the house is sadly apparent while Prior Wells or Dean Steward, for he is known by both # names, was guardian of its properties of all kinds. In the copy of the 1 Hungurvaka—Pals Biskups Saga, Hafniae, 1778. 2 Some signs of the care which the monks of old bestowed on their muniments may still be seen in the docketing of the contents of papers on the outside, that they might be recognised without being unfolded ; and the inscriptions on them of numbers referring to the cista or box to which they belonged. One oaken chest, some six feet long, six inches deep and six wide, is still preserved, with its compartments arranged for the closely folded parchments; and an entry in Roll ix. B (p. 117) of the present series reveals the method in which the Sacrist's documents were kept in the 14th century, "In ij. baggis " de coreo pro rotulis custodiendis —" Bags made of skins for keeping the Rolls." 1196672 — vi (preface return which he made to Henry the Eighth of the income of the Monastery, in order to strengthen and bind together the leaves on which he had written his account, he makes use of several of the ancient parchments which were under his hands in the Muniment Room. Stitched on to the back of his papers, we find two sheets cut out of a fine Psalter, a skin from a Compotus Roll of the Sacristy, and a skin from a Roll of a Pitanciarius. The pages of Steward's work which thus illustrate one of the uses to which our old parchments have been put, have been photographed and are here inserted. In one picture Psalm cxliv., taken from the Psalter, appears opposite to one of Steward's heraldic drawings ; in the other, a portion of the Pitanciarius Roll faces items of entries in Steward's own handwriting. In this, and doubtless in various other ways, the so-called ages of enlightenment destroyed valuable things which the dark ages had notwithstanding the losses which we deplore, we are glad preserved ; yet to acknowledge that there is still preserved in the Muniment Room of Ely a collection fairly representative of the several classes of documents, which are usually found in old Benedictine monasteries. These may be roughly classified as follows : A. Royal Charters ; Charters of Bishops and other Benefactors, reciting grants of privilege and of lands. B. Documents relating to ecclesiastical matters, issuing from Popes, Papal Legates, Archbishops and Bishops ; with transactions of the Priory with other Religious Houses. C. Secondary papers concerning titles to property; conveyances of lands, final concordats, etc. D. Court Rolls of Manors with their customs and the accounts of the Bailiffs. E. The Compotus Rolls of the Departmental Officers of the Monastery, who being responsible for separate incomes had to present their annual or biennial accounts to the Chapter. These officers were 10 in number. (i) The " Thesaurarius Prions et Conventus," the head Treasurer. (2) The Sacrist. (3) The Celerarius. (4) The Camerarius. (5) The Elemosynarius, or Almoner. (6) The Custos Feretri, of the shrine of St Etheldreda. (7) The Custos of the Lady Chapel. (8) The Precentor. (9) The Infirmarius. (10) The Roscarius, or Roserius. (preface Vll Of each of these departmental officers Ely still retains some account Rolls, varying in number and in interest ; as it does of each of the classes which have been alluded to as A, B, C, D. All these documents, with others of later date, are preserved in a fire- proof room over the archway which gives access to the Cathedral precincts from the North ; and are to a considerable extent so classified and arranged that they can be easily inspected and consulted. It is the desire, however, of the Dean and Chapter, for the greater convenience of those who are interested in the ancient history of the Monastery and Cathedral, to reproduce in transcripts some, if not all, of these parchments, in a readable form. Much of this work must be left in faith to the zeal and industry of future generations ; the present members of the Corporation must be content to make their offering of duty and " of goodwill, in the form of a beginning of the undertaking ; as a hungur- vaka " for the larger store which they possess. In the selection of the documents first to be transcribed and published, the Chapter have had regard to the judgment of some of the leading members of the Cambridge Antiquarian Society, that the first issue should consist of the Rolls of the Sacristy in which Alan of Walsingham recorded the expenses of the rebuilding of the central tower of the Cathedral which fell in 1322. Extracts from those documents have indeed appeared in print from time to time, but by reason of their brevity and disconnection from the text, they have failed to satisfy those who were interested in the subject. The hope, therefore, was expressed that full transcripts of all Alan's Rolls, called often the Building Rolls, might be given in the intended publication. This suggestion is now carried out ; only with a slight modification rendered advisable by the existence of two Sacrist Rolls some years earlier than the date at which Alan of Walsingham took office. The two documents, therefore (dated respectively 1291 — 2 and 1302 — 3), are placed at the head of the series ; next follow those which were written while Alan was Sacrist ; then the Rolls of Alan's successors in the Sacristy, which were presented to the Chapter while he held the more dignified position of Prior of the Community. The break of interest between these two later parts or divisions is but slight. The restoration of the central portion of the Church was by no means completed when Alan moved from the Sacristy into the Priory. It drags on in several subsequent Rolls, and we may be confident that the experienced builder, who bore the chief brunt of the labour in the earlier years, will have exercised a corresponding influence as it drew to its close. At least it will be remembered that each of the parchments passed through the hands and under the eye of our renowned Vlll (preface Sacrist, whether he were at the time a monk acting for the Chapter, or the 1 Head of the House . The Rolls themselves, it may here be mentioned, are formed of strips of parchment from i o to 12 inches wide, several skins being sewn together till they reach a length of from 4 to 8 feet. In several of them the edges have been destroyed : in others the damp has settled in patches obliterating words or even whole sentences and paragraphs, while an attempt made some 50 years ago to preserve or restore the parchments by pasting paper over the whole surface of the second or dorso side, has rendered the task of deciphering the writing through that veil exceedingly difficult. The Latin of the Rolls, according to the custom of that time, is in an abbreviated form ; and as that language may only have been acquired and practised in the Monastery, the scribes are satisfied to adhere to the Latin colloquial expressions ordinarily in use. Classical Latin would indeed be in itself inadequate to render faithfully the local words for the animals and instruments which in those days were familiar in Cambridgeshire, but not in Italy.
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