Authors: National strategy Jelena Knezevic, team leader, Ministry of Sustainable Development and Tourism, MSc biologist Ales Mlakar, PAP/RAC consultant, PhD landscape architect Gojko Berlengi, PAP/RAC consultant, MSc architect for integrated coastal Marina Markovic, PAP/RAC, MPhil coastal management Marina Markovic, independent consultant, Msc Economy Contributors: zone management Ana Misurovic, MSc Spec eco-toxicologist Professor Milan Markovic, PhD agriculture Vasilije Buskovic, MSc biologist Milena Batakovic, MSc biologist CAMP Montenegro Ivica Trumbic, PAP/RAC consultant, MSc architect Ministry of Sustainable Development and Tourism of Montenegro IV proleterske brigade 19 81000 Podgorica, Crna Gora United Nations Environment Program Mediterranean Action Plan (UNEP/MAP) Priority Actions Programme Regional Activity Centre (PAP/RAC) Kraj Sv. Ivana 11 HR-21000 Split, Hrvatska Ministry of Sustainable Development and Tourism of Montenegro Podgorica, june 2015 National strategy on integrated coastal zone management for Montenegro The National Strategy for Integrated base for the introduction of substantially important implementation Coastal Zone Management for Montene- tools: instruments of land and tax policy, urban replotting, real estate gro was drafted as a part of the Coastal tax or tax on undeveloped land, tax on land conversion, drafting and Area Management Programme for Mon- implementation of sectoral basis and analytical inputs into the system tenegro (CAMP MNE). The Strategy was planning, use of measurable indicators for land degradation in all prepared by the Ministry of Sustainable planning stages and the use of GIS technology. Development and Tourism in coopera- tion with the Mediterranean Action Plan In this way, in synergy between the CAMP team and the SPSP CA (MAP) of the United Nations Environ- MNE developers, we managed to eliminate conflicting land use in the ment Programme (UNEP) and its Prior- most valuable patches of coastal area and thus opened up prospects ity Actions Programme Regional Activity of developing high-end tourism in narrow coastal strip and sustain- Centre (PAP/RAC). By virtue of that, able tourism in the hinterland. To that end, we have defined combined Montenegro has joined the family of Med- coastal development measures and rural development measures in the iterranean states that strive to preserve their specific values and out- hinterland. This approach will at the same time result in diversification standing quality of their coastal areas by means of Integrated Coastal of economic activities and correlation of potentials in hinterland with Zone Management (ICZM). those in the narrowest coastal strip. With its natural resources, the Montenegrin coast is a specific and The CAMP MNE results made way for the inauguration of the new pol- unique area that deserves decisive management and decision making icy of integral management and legal regulation of the land use through today for its sustainable future. Led by that commitment, we have developing the regional spatial plan but also through considerable made extremely important baseline analyses within the CAMP pro- amendment of some major national legislation such as the laws regu- gramme by which we have prepared a comprehensive and detailed over- lating spatial management, environmental protection, coastal resource view of the status and transformations of the coastal area, as well as the management and administrative capacity building and institutional projections of sustainable development trends. Expert and data bases capacity building. The process becomes an added value for its partic- are there to underpin control and help abate pressure on the space and ipatory character and openness towards the exchange of information, environment and to support the integration of patterns of sustainable taking stock of accomplishments and getting stakeholders on board of valorisation of space into sectoral policies. the process. Through the integration of spatial and development solutions aimed at We are grateful to UNEP/MAP, headed by its Coordinator, Gaetano advancing economic, social and environmental performances of coastal Leone, and to the PAP/RAC from Split, Croatia, headed by Željka area, the National Strategy for Integrated Coastal Zone Management Škaričić, for their dedication, understanding and support from 2011 has defined a strategic framework for sustainable development of our on. We are particularly grateful to the PAP/RAC expert team and their coast. Besides that, by defining a set of concrete measures and actions in eminent experts who have successfully dealt with a whole string of lim- the Action plan for the Strategy, we have created a dynamic framework iting factors and despite that came up with optimal solutions based on to support the implementation of the Special Purpose Spatial Plan for the EU best practices and, for us particularly comprehensible - spatial Coastal Area of Montenegro (SPSP CA MNE) and the reform of the planning systems in Croatia and Slovenia. coastal resources management system. Particularly important fact is that the commitments ensuing from the ICZM Protocol will entail im- I do expect that we will keep improving such a quality platform for provement in the institutional organization in the coastal area of Mon- sustainable development and efficient integrated management in the tenegro through the introduction of the ICZM coordinating mechanism, coastal area in the coming period, i.e. in the post-CAMP period, and and through the operation of the Council and Coordination Body for that the CAMP MNE results will serve as the quality benchmark for the Integrated Coastal Zone Management. strengthening the implementation of the Barcelona Convention and the ICZM Protocol all across the Mediterranean region. By the same token, on the basis of CAMP expert analyses and recom- mendations we are introducing a reformist approach to the new SPSP CA MNE. New SPSP CA MNE becomes a regional spatial and de- velopment plan for the coastal area. In this context, the priorities are: objectivization of the spatial planning system, correlating spatial, re- Branimir Gvozdenović, gional/developmental and protection planning, developing a planning Minister of Sustainable Development and Tourism 3 National strategy on integrated coastal zone management for Montenegro National strategy on integrated coastal zone management for Montenegro 2.3 Coastal zone management . 64 Table of contents 2.3.1 Policies and strategies . .65 2.3.2 Regulations . 66 1. INTRODUCTION . 9 2.3.3 Institutions and coordination . 69 1.1 Coastal zone of Montenegro . 11 3. KEY PROBLEMS, WEAKNESSES AND NEEDS . 73 1.2 Importance of establishing integrated management of the coastal zone of Montenegro . 11 3.1 Endangering of natural, landscape and cultural values . 81 1.3 Importance of the Strategy . 13 3.2 Unsustainable use of coastal zone resources. .82 1.4 Legal context for adopting the Strategy . 14 3.2.1 Unsustainable trends in spatial planning and natural resource management . 83 1.5 Time horizon . 15 3.2.2 Unsustainable trends in the coastal zone economy . 86 1.6 Importance of spatial planning for Strategy implementation . 17 3.3 Inadequate prevention and reduction of damages from natural hazards . 87 1.7 Process of preparing the Strategy . 17 3.4 Limitations of the coastal zone management system . 87 1.8 Structure of the document . 18 3.4.1 Coordination mechanisms . 88 2. ASSESSMENT OF THE EXISTING STATE . 21 3.4.2 Management that is insufficiently results-oriented. .88 2.1 Natural and cultural heritage . .23 3.4.3 Monitoring of coastal processes . 89 2.1.1 Biodiversity and specific ecosystems. .23 4. VISION . 91 2.1.2 Cultural heritage . 30 5. STRATEGIC GOALS . 95 2.1.3 Landscape values of the coastal zone . 32 5.1 Preservation of nature, landscape and cultural assets . .98 2.2 Coastal zone resources . 35 5.2 Development of infrastructure for pollution prevention and remediation. .98 2.2.1 The sea . 35 5.3 Spatial planning and sustainable spatial development. .99 2.2.2 Waters . .38 5.4 Achievement of satisfactory performances of the coastal zone economic development . 99 2.2.3 Soil . .41 5.5 Functioning of the coastal zone management system . .101 2.2.4 Spatial development . 44 5.6 Strengthening of human resources and social cohesion . 101 2.2.5 Natural and anthropogenic hazards . 48 6. SPATIAL PLANNING SYSTEM AND SPECIAL PURPOSE SPATIAL PLAN FOR THE COASTAL ZONE . 103 2.2.5.1 Climate change . 48 6.1 Role and task of the SPSPCZ MNE . 106 2.2.6 Economic and social development . .54 6. 1.1 The ICZM Protocol requirements . 107 2.2.6.1 Agriculture . 54 6.1.2 Spatial Plan of Montenegro. 108 2.2.6.2 Fishery and aquaculture. .57 6.2 Strategic guidelines on sustainable spatial development . 109 2.2.6.3 Tourism . 59 6.2.1 Guidelines on the SPSPCZ MNE . .109 2.2.6.4 Maritime transport and ship building . 61 6.2.1.1 Regulating over-consumption of space . 110 2.2.6.5 Developmental and demographic characteristics of the coastal zone. .61 6.2.1.2 Providing for optimal land uses by minimising conflicts between use and vulnerability of space. 110 4 5 National strategy on integrated coastal zone management for Montenegro National strategy on integrated coastal zone management for Montenegro 6.2.1.3 Regulating construction in the narrow coastal strip – coastal setback. 111 7.1.7 Awareness raising on the need to preserve coastal zone resources. 184 6.2.1.4 Preservation and sustainable development of open rural areas . 113 7.2. Priority actions by 2020. 185 6.2.2 Establishment of a basis for maritime spatial planning . 117 7.3 Financing implementation of the Strategy . 229 6.2.3 Monitoring and evaluation . .120 8. MONITORING IMPLEMENTATION OF THE STRATEGY . .233 6.2.4 Fiscal policy instruments for achieving the spatial planning goals . 121 8.1 Spatial development indicators . 242 7. ACTION PLAN . 125 9. ANNEXES . 247 7.1 Strategic measures . 127 ANNEX 1: RESULTS OF THE PROBLEMS AND CAUSES ANALYSIS. 249 7.1.1 Measures in thematic area Preservation of nature, landscape and cultural assets.