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Policy Notes for the Trump Notes Administration the Washington Institute for Near East Policy ■ 2018 ■ Pn55
TRANSITION 2017 POLICYPOLICY NOTES FOR THE TRUMP NOTES ADMINISTRATION THE WASHINGTON INSTITUTE FOR NEAR EAST POLICY ■ 2018 ■ PN55 TUNISIAN FOREIGN FIGHTERS IN IRAQ AND SYRIA AARON Y. ZELIN Tunisia should really open its embassy in Raqqa, not Damascus. That’s where its people are. —ABU KHALED, AN ISLAMIC STATE SPY1 THE PAST FEW YEARS have seen rising interest in foreign fighting as a general phenomenon and in fighters joining jihadist groups in particular. Tunisians figure disproportionately among the foreign jihadist cohort, yet their ubiquity is somewhat confounding. Why Tunisians? This study aims to bring clarity to this question by examining Tunisia’s foreign fighter networks mobilized to Syria and Iraq since 2011, when insurgencies shook those two countries amid the broader Arab Spring uprisings. ©2018 THE WASHINGTON INSTITUTE FOR NEAR EAST POLICY. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. THE WASHINGTON INSTITUTE FOR NEAR EAST POLICY ■ NO. 30 ■ JANUARY 2017 AARON Y. ZELIN Along with seeking to determine what motivated Evolution of Tunisian Participation these individuals, it endeavors to reconcile estimated in the Iraq Jihad numbers of Tunisians who actually traveled, who were killed in theater, and who returned home. The find- Although the involvement of Tunisians in foreign jihad ings are based on a wide range of sources in multiple campaigns predates the 2003 Iraq war, that conflict languages as well as data sets created by the author inspired a new generation of recruits whose effects since 2011. Another way of framing the discussion will lasted into the aftermath of the Tunisian revolution. center on Tunisians who participated in the jihad fol- These individuals fought in groups such as Abu Musab lowing the 2003 U.S. -
Rojavadevrimi+Full+75Dpi.Pdf
Kitaba ilişkin bilinmesi gerekenler Elinizdeki kitabın orijinali 2014 ve 2015 yıllarında Almanca dilinde üç yazar tarafından yazıldı ve Rosa Lüksemburg Vakfı’nın desteğiyle “VSA Verlag” adlı yayınevi tarafından Almanya’da yayınlandı. 2018 yılında Almanca dilinde 4. baskısı güncellenip basılarak önemli ilgi gören bu kitap, 2016 Ekim ayında “Pluto Press” adlı yayınevi tarafından İngilizce dilinde Birleşik Krallık ‘ta yayınlandı. Bu kitabın İngilizce çevirisi ABD’de yaşayan yazar ve aktivist Janet Biehl tarafından yapıldı ve sonrasında üç yazar tarafından 2016 ilkbaharında güncellendi. En başından beri kitabın Türkçe dilinde de basılıp yayınlanası için bir planlama yapıldı. Bu amaçla bir grup gönüllü İngilizce versiyonu temel alarak Türkçe çevirisini yaptı. Türkiye’deki siyasal gelişme ve zorluklardan dolayı gecikmeler ortaya çıkınca yazarlar kitabın basılmasını 2016 yılından daha ileri bir tarihe alma kararını aldı. Bu sırada tekrar Rojava’ya giden yazarlar, elde ettikleri bilgilerle Türkçe çeviriyi doğrudan Türkçe dilinde 2017 ve 2018 yıllarında güncelleyip genişletti. Bu gelişmelere redaksiyon çalışmaları da eklenince kitabın Türkçe dilinde yayınlanması 2018 yılında olması gerekirken 2019 yılına sarktı. 2016 yılından beri kitap ayrıca Farsça, Rusça, Yunanca, İtalyanca, İsveççe, Polonca, Slovence, İspanyolca dillerine çevrilip yayınlandı. Arapça ve Kürtçe çeviriler devam etmektedir. Kitap Ağustos 2019’da yayınlandı. Ancak kitapta en son Eylül 2018’de içeriksel güncellenmeler yapıldı. 2018 yazın durum ve atmosferine göre yazıldı. Kitapta kullanılan resimlerde eğer kaynak belirtilmemişse, resimler yazarlara aittir. Aksi durumda her resmin altında resimlerin sahibi belirtilmektedir. Kapaktaki resim Rojava’da kurulmuş kadın köyü Jinwar’ı göstermekte ve Özgür Rojava Kadın Vakfı’na (WJAR) aittir. Bu kitap herhangi bir yayınevi tarafından yayınlanmamaktadır. Herkes bu kitaba erişimde serbesttir. Kitabı elektronik ve basılı olarak istediğiniz gibi yayabilirsiniz, ancak bu kitaptan gelir ve para elde etmek yazarlar tarafından izin verilmemektedir. -
FIGHTING SPIRIT USS John S
MILITARY FACES COLLEGE BASKETBALL Pearl Harbor survivor ‘The Photograph’ Jalen Smith leading and USS Arizona crew evokes black romantic No. 9 Terrapins to member dies at 97 dramas of the ’90s the top of Big Ten Page 3 Page 11 Back page Taliban says peace deal with US to be signed by month’s end » Page 5 stripes.com Volume 78, No. 217 ©SS 2020 TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 18, 2020 50¢/Free to Deployed Areas Warship crash survivors say Navy struggled to treat them BY MEGAN ROSE, KENGO TSUTSUMI AND T. CHRISTIAN MILLER ProPublica Two and a half years after a massive oil tanker cleaved the side of the USS John S. McCain, leaving a gaping hole and kill- ing 10 sailors, hospital corpsman Mike Collins is still haunted by the aftermath. That morning in August 2017, awoken by the thunderous shak- ing, the 23-year-old was thrust into round-the- clock motion: ‘ Why I Tending to the wasn’t chemical burns of the sailors getting whose sleeping any help area flooded, their flesh raw was from the fuel drowning that spilled in me in with the sea- Marine Sgt. Melissa Paul water. Collect- stands at the obstacle stress. ing the heavy ’ course on Naval Weapons stack of the Mike Collins Station Yorktown in dead’s medical FIGHTING SPIRIT USS John S. Virginia on Jan. 31 . records. Stay- McCain crash ing up late try- Following a successful survivor ing to purge the wrestling career stink of diesel Marine uses wrestling past to train martial arts teachers — including being named that clung to their uniforms, so an Olympic alternate in 2012 — Paul now serves the clothes could be returned to BY BROCK VERGAKIS grieving families. -
Security Council Distr.: General 8 January 2013
United Nations S/2012/401 Security Council Distr.: General 8 January 2013 Original: English Identical letters dated 4 June 2012 from the Permanent Representative of the Syrian Arab Republic to the United Nations addressed to the Secretary-General and the President of the Security Council Upon instructions from my Government, and following my letters dated 16 to 20 and 23 to 25 April, 7, 11, 14 to 16, 18, 21, 24, 29 and 31 May, and 1 and 4 June 2012, I have the honour to attach herewith a detailed list of violations of cessation of violence that were committed by armed groups in Syria on 3 June 2012 (see annex). It would be highly appreciated if the present letter and its annex could be circulated as a document of the Security Council. (Signed) Bashar Ja’afari Ambassador Permanent Representative 13-20354 (E) 170113 210113 *1320354* S/2012/401 Annex to the identical letters dated 4 June 2012 from the Permanent Representative of the Syrian Arab Republic to the United Nations addressed to the Secretary-General and the President of the Security Council [Original: Arabic] Sunday, 3 June 2012 Rif Dimashq governorate 1. On 2/6/2012, from 1600 hours until 2000 hours, an armed terrorist group exchanged fire with law enforcement forces after the group attacked the forces between the orchards of Duma and Hirista. 2. On 2/6/2012 at 2315 hours, an armed terrorist group detonated an explosive device in a civilian vehicle near the primary school on Jawlan Street, Fadl quarter, Judaydat Artuz, wounding the car’s driver and damaging the car. -
Ofensywa W Aleppo. Przełom W Wojnie W Syrii?
06.02.2016 OFENSYWA W ALEPPO. PRZEŁOM W WOJNIE W SYRII? Przebicie się przez syryjską armię rządową (SAA) do oblężonych od lipca 2012 Zary i Nubl w północnej części prowincji Aleppo może być punktem zwrotnym w wojnie domowej w Syrii. Istnieje jednak ryzyko, że ta sytuacja skłoni Turcję i Arabię Saudyjską do bezpośredniego włączenia się do wojny - pisze Witold Repetowicz. Prowincja Aleppo ma szczególne znaczenie, można ją nawet nazwać „małą Syrią”. Mieszka tu 5 mln ludzi, czyli prawie 1/3 całej syryjskiej populacji, w tym przedstawiciele większości głównych grup etniczno-religijnych: Arabowie, Kurdowie, sunnici, szyici, chrześcijanie, alawici. Samo Aleppo jest największym miastem w Syrii i mimo wojny i podziału na 3 strefy kontroli (rządową, kurdyjską i rebeliancką) nie straciło swego gospodarczego znaczenia. Handel w północnej Syrii nie ustał i ciężarówki z Aleppo zaopatrywały nawet Qamiszlo. Pół roku temu, zanim zaczęła się rosyjska interwencja w Syrii rządowa kontrola w prowincji Aleppo ograniczała się do centrum i zachodniej części miasta Aleppo i niewielkiego pasa łączącego tę prowincję z Hamą oraz dwóch oblężonych enklaw: Zahraa i Nubl oraz bazy Kweiris. Powodowało to spekulacje, że Assad, bojąc się odcięcia całkowicie wycofa się z tej prowincji. Sytuacja diametralnie zmieniła się po tym jak w wojnę zaangażowali się Rosjanie. Pierwszym poważnym sukcesem było odblokowanie bazy Kweiris, oblężonej przez Państwo Islamskie (Daesh). Fot. Berkaysnklf/Wikimedia Commons/ CC-BY-SA 3.0/[https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/deed.en] Pozwoliło to SAA na przeprowadzenie ofensywy o ograniczonej skali w środkowym Aleppo, między miastami Al Bab i Deir Hafir. Jednocześnie SAA przejęła kontrolę nad większością południowo- zachodniej części prowincji (dystrykty Safira i Mt. -
Innehåll Regionala Översikter
AMNESTY INTERNATIONALS ÅRSRAPPORT 2015/16 Innehåll Regionala översikter ................................................................................................................................ 2 Afrika ................................................................................................................................................... 2 Amerika ............................................................................................................................................. 11 Asien och Stillahavsregionen ............................................................................................................. 20 Europa och Centralasien ................................................................................................................... 29 Mellanöstern och Nordafrika ............................................................................................................ 37 Landavsnitt ............................................................................................................................................ 46 Afghanistan ........................................................................................................................................ 46 Brasilien ............................................................................................................................................. 51 Demokratiska republiken Kongo ....................................................................................................... 56 Eritrea ............................................................................................................................................... -
The Formation of Hay'at Tahrir Al-Sham in اﺳم اﻟﻣوﺿوع : Syria: Motives and Goals the Formation of Hay'at Tahri
The Formation of Hay¶at Tahrir al-Sham in : ωϭοϭϣϟϡγ Syria: Motives and Goals The Formation of Hay¶at Tahrir al-Sham in : ωϭοϭϣϟϥϭϧϋ Syria: Motives and Goals 23/02/2017 : έηϧϟΦϳέΎΗ ΔϣΩϘΗϣϟΕΎγέΩϟϭΙΎΣΑϸϟϝΑϘΗγϣϟίϛέϣ : ΏΗΎϛϟϡγ : ωϭοϭϣϟ 9/29/2021 1:10:18 PM 1 / 2 The establishment of Hay¶at Tahrir al-Sham (HTS), or the µOrganization for the Liberation of the Levant¶on January 28, 2017, constituted a significant transformation in the position of Jabhat Fateh al-Sham (JFS), formerly known as Jabhat al-Nusra (al-Nusra Front). JFS succeeded in forming a merger of a number of small-armed factions into HTS, due to political and military developments. Such developments include the Astana conference, which took place on January 23 and 24 of this year between the Assad regime and various factions of the Syrian opposition. Other developments include the escalating and widening conflict between JFS and other armed factions, such as the Islamic State-affiliated Jund al-Aqsa. In addition, there is an increasing armed confrontation between HTS and the militant group Ahrar al-Sham. The conflict became evident when HTS sought to take over positions, previously controlled by Ahrar al-Sham in Darat Izza, only five days after Ahrar al-Sham had established itself in these locations. However, HTS eventually withdrew from these positions after intermediaries between the two parties intervened. A New CoalitionIn addition to Jabhat Fateh al-Sham, the coalition, which makes up Hay¶at Tahrir al-Sham, includes the Nour al-Din al- Zenki Movement, which is active in Aleppo, Liwa al-Haqq in Aleppo, Idlib and Hama, the Ansar al-Din Front, and Jaysh al-Sunna in Homs. -
Assessing the Role of Agriculture in Syrian Territories
ASSESSING THE ROLE OF AGRICULTURE IN SYRIAN TERRITORIES a context analysis in the Districts of Afrin, Atarib and Idleb Authors Lamberto Lamberti is CIHEAM Bari officer in the field of Sustainable Agriculture and Rural Development. His expertise includes livelihood analysis and strengthening, with experience on communities suffering of conflict and post conflict situations. He coordinated the survey team. Patrizia Pugliese is international officer and senior researcher at CIHEAM Bari, agro-economist, with research and cooperation experience in the fields of territorial integrated development, value chain collaboration, sustainable agriculture and women’s economic empowerment with specific reference to Mediterranean contexts. Marie Reine Bteich is a senior researcher at CIHEAM Bari, agro-economist with research and cooperation experience in socio-economic data management, agro-food value chain analysis and women’s empowerment. She has mostly worked in Mediterranean countries. Cesare Zanasi is Associate Professor at Bologna University on Agriculture and Food Economics, with experience in international cooperation for development studies applied to the agro-food chains and sustainable rural development. Cosimo Rota, Research Fellow at Bologna University, with expertise in international research projects and business advising, in particular in the field of agri-food economics. His main topics are market research, data insight and analytics, rural development and sustainability. Acknowledgements The survey team wants to express its gratitude -
ASOR Syrian Heritage Initiative (SHI): Planning for Safeguarding Heritage Sites in Syria1 NEA-PSHSS-14-001
ASOR Syrian Heritage Initiative (SHI): Planning for Safeguarding Heritage Sites in Syria1 NEA-PSHSS-14-001 Weekly Report 2 — August 18, 2014 Michael D. Danti Heritage Timeline August 16 APSA website released a video and a short report on alleged looting at Deir Turmanin (5th Century AD) in Idlib Governate. SHI Incident Report SHI14-018. • DGAM posted a report on alleged vandalism/looting and combat damage sustained to the Roman/Byzantine Beit Hariri (var. Zain al-Abdeen Palace) of the 2nd Century AD in Inkhil, Daraa Governate. SHI Incident Report SHI14-017. • Heritage for Peace released its weekly report Damage to Syria’s Heritage 17 August 2014. August 15 DGAM posts short report Burning of the Historic Noria Gaabariyya in Hama. Cf. SHI Incident Report SHI14-006 dated Aug. 9. DGAM report provides new photos of the fire damage. SHI Report Update SHI14-006. August 14 Chasing Aphrodite website posted an article entitled Twenty Percent: ISIS “Khums” Tax on Archaeological Loot Fuels the Conflicts in Syria and Iraq featuring an interview between CA’s Jason Felch and Dr. Amr al-Azm of Shawnee State University. • Damage to a 6th century mosaic from al-Firkiya in the Maarat al-Numaan Museum. Source: Smithsonian Newsdesk report. SHI Incident Report SHI14-016. • Aleppo Archaeology website posted a video showing damage in the area south of the Aleppo Citadel — much of the damage was caused by the July 29 tunnel bombing of the Serail by the Islamic Front. https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?v=739634902761700&set=vb.4596681774 25042&type=2&theater SHI Incident Report Update SHI14-004. -
International Humanitarian Law and Human Rights Violations in Syria
Helpdesk Report International humanitarian law and human rights violations in Syria Iffat Idris GSDRC, University of Birmingham 5 June 2017 Question Provide a brief overview of the current situation with regard to international humanitarian law and human rights violations in Syria. Contents 1. Overview 2. Syrian government and Russia 3. Armed Syrian opposition (including extremist) groups 4. Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) 5. Kurdish People’s Protection Units (YPG) 6. International coalition 7. References The K4D helpdesk service provides brief summaries of current research, evidence, and lessons learned. Helpdesk reports are not rigorous or systematic reviews; they are intended to provide an introduction to the most important evidence related to a research question. They draw on a rapid desk-based review of published literature and consultation with subject specialists. Helpdesk reports are commissioned by the UK Department for International Development and other Government departments, but the views and opinions expressed do not necessarily reflect those of DFID, the UK Government, K4D or any other contributing organisation. For further information, please contact [email protected]. 1. Overview All parties involved in the Syrian conflict have carried out extensive violations of international humanitarian law and human rights. In particular, all parties are guilty of targeting civilians. Rape and sexual violence have been widely used as a weapon of war, notably by the government, ISIL1 and extremist groups. The Syrian government and its Russian allies have used indiscriminate weapons, notably barrel bombs and cluster munitions, against civilians, and have deliberately targeted medical facilities and schools, as well as humanitarian personnel and humanitarian objects. -
(CHI): Planning for Safeguarding Heritage Sites in Syria and Iraq1
ASOR Cultural Heritage Initiatives (CHI): Planning for Safeguarding Heritage Sites in Syria and Iraq1 S-IZ-100-17-CA021 November 2017 Monthly Report Michael D. Danti, Marina Gabriel, Susan Penacho, William Raynolds, Allison Cuneo, Kyra Kaercher, Darren Ashby, Gwendolyn Kristy, Jamie O’Connell, Nour Halabi Table of Contents: Executive Summary 2 Key Points 5 Syria 6 Iraq 7 Libya 8 1 This report is based on research conducted by the “Cultural Preservation Initiative: Planning for Safeguarding Heritage Sites in Syria and Iraq.” Weekly reports reflect reporting from a variety of sources and may contain unverified material. As such, they should be treated as preliminary and subject to change. 1 Executive Summary High levels of military activity were reported in Syria in November. SARG and pro-regime allies, backed by aerial bombardment, fought for control of ISIS-held al-Bukamal (Abu Kamal). Elements of Lebanese Hezbollah, the Iraqi Shia Popular Mobilization Front (PMF), and the Iranian Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC) participated in the military operations.2 This region of the Euphrates Valley contains significant ancient and modern cultural assets. Since the outbreak of the Syrian conflict, and especially since ISIS seized contriol of the area in 2014, cultural sites have been subjected to intense damage, deliberate destructions, and looting/thefts. The military operations did not result in significant increases in new data on the state of these cultural assets, and it is doubtful that a return to a loose system of regime control will significantly improve conditions in this remote, predominantly Sunni tribal region. Aerial bombardment increased over areas purportedly covered under the so-called Astana de- escalation agreements, bolstering “skepticism from opponents of the Syrian government.”3 During the reporting period aerial bombardment increased in opposition-held areas of Eastern Ghouta, Rif Dimashq Governorate, and in areas of Aleppo Governorate. -
Syria Country Office
SYRIA COUNTRY OFFICE MARKET PRICE WATCH BULLETIN June 2020 ISSUE 67 @WFP/Jessica Lawson Picture @ WFP/Hussam Al Saleh Highlights Standard Food Basket Figure 1: Food basket cost and changes, SYP ○ The national average price of a stand- The national average monthly price of a standard ref- erence food basket1 increased by 48 percent between ard reference food basket in June 2020 May and June 2020, reaching SYP 84,095. The national was SYP 84,095 increasing by 48 percent average food basket price was 110 percent higher than compared to May 2020. The national that of February 2020 (before COVID-19 movement average reference food basket price restrictions) and was 231 percent higher compared to increased by 110 percent since February October 2019 (start of the Lebanese financial crisis) 2020 (pre-COVID-19 period). and 240 percent higher vis-à-vis June 2019 (Figure 1). ○ WFP’s reference food basket is now The increase in the national average food basket price more expensive than the highest gov- is caused by a multitude of factors such as: high fluctu- ernment monthly salary (SYP 80,240). ations of the Syrian pound on the informal exchange Outlining the serious deterioration in market, intensification of unilateral coercive measures Chart 1: National min., max. and average food basket cost, SYP peoples’ purchasing power. and political disagreements within the Syrian Elite. ○ The Syrian pound continued to heavily All 14 governorates reported an increasing average depreciate on the informal exchange reference food basket price in June 2020, with the market, weakening to SYP 3,200/USD highest month-on-month (m-o-m) increase reported in before stabilizing around SYP 2,500/USD Quneitra (up 78 percent m-o-m), followed by Rural by end June.