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Analysis of Goals Scored by Players with Cerebral Yanci, J.: ANALYSIS OF GOALS SCORED BY PLAYERS WITH CEREBRAL... Kinesiology 47(2015)2:202-207 ANALYSIS OF GOALS SCORED BY PLAYERS WITH CEREBRAL PALSY IN OFFICIAL FOOTBALL 7-A-SIDE MATCHES Javier Yanci Faculty of Physical Activity and Sports Science, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain Original scientific paper UDC: 796.332-056.29 Abstract: The purpose of this study was to analyze goals scored in football 7-a-side matches by players with cerebral palsy (CP) in terms of when they occur in the game, what their characteristics are, what part of the body is used and from what part of the field shots have been taken. This study analysed 23 football matches corresponding to two Football 7-a-side Spanish Championships for players with CP held over two consecutive seasons. A total of 10 teams and 68 players participated in the study. The observation data sheet was made up according to three criteria (when goals were scored in terms of playing time, body part used to score, type of a goal and from where a shot has been taken) and 15 categories. Contrary to what occurs in conventional football, the results of this study show that in the football 7-a-side matches for players with CP a higher number of goals were scored in the first half (58.9%), especially in the first fifteen minutes (30.6%). The majority of goals were scored from inside the penalty area (61.3%). An average of 7.5 goals was scored per match. Most of the goals were scored when the ball was in play (94.9%) and only 5.1% were scored from kicking a stationary ball. It may be of interest to specifically train defensive aspects which can be applied during the first few minutes of the game in order to reduce the number of goals conceded at the beginning of matches. Key words: goal frequency, match-analysis, Paralympics, tactics, disability Introduction In spite of the international relevance of foot- Football for players with cerebral palsy (CP) is ball for players with CP, few scientific studies have regulated by the same rules of play as those dictated concentrated on this Paralympic sports discipline. by the Fédération Internationale de Football Associ- Kloyiam, Breen, Jakeman, Conway, and Hutzler ation (FIFA) and other norms specified by the Cere- (2011) studied running efficiency and cardiovascu- bral Palsy International Sport and Recreation Asso- lar capacity in the Irish football 7-a-side national ciation (CPISRA, 2014). At the official level, foot- team. Furthermore, Cámara, Grande, Mejuto, Los ballers with CP play football 7-a-side. At present, Arcos, and Yanci (2013) and Yanci et al. (2014) international, national and regional championships studied different types of vertical jumps (SJ: squat are held in this discipline organized by the CPISRA jump and CMJ: countermovement jump) in the or by the corresponding national federations. Foot- Spanish football 7-a-side national team from the ball 7-a-side is also a Paralympic sport and matches biomechanical viewpoint. However, we have found are played at the Paralympic Games, and also at no study which analyzes specific aspects of play the world, continental and national championships. and competition, nor a comprehensive analysis of Football 7-a-side matches for players with CP last the main technical and tactical actions in this sports 60 minutes (two halves of 30 minutes each), with discipline. a 10 minute break at the half-time. As its name The competitive characteristics of football implies, this discipline is played by 7 football- have received a great deal of attention from dif- ers a side on a 70-75x50-55 meters pitch with two ferent points of view (Andersen, Larsen, Tenga, 5x2 meters goals (CPISRA, 2014). The players in Engebretsen, & Bahr, 2003; Ruiz-Ruiz, Fradua, these events are footballers with CP who are able Fernández-García, & Zubillaga, 2013; Sarmento, to walk and run and are classified in the CP5-CP8 et al., 2013; Tenga, Holme, Ronglan, & Bahr, classes, according to the CPISRA (2013) classifi- 2010; Yiannakos & Armatas, 2006). Among other cation norms. aspects, many studies have analyzed goals and the 202 Yanci, J.: ANALYSIS OF GOALS SCORED BY PLAYERS WITH CEREBRAL... Kinesiology 47(2015)2:202-207 fundamental characteristics of scoring in differ- which a goal was scored, a part of the body by ent types of matches (Cumming, Hall, Harwood, which a goal was scored, the place from where the & Gammage, 2002; Michailidis, Michailidis, Papa- shot had been taken and the type of goal) and 15 iakovou, & Papaiakovou, 2004; Tenga, et al., 2010; categories based on the internal logic of the game, Yiannakos & Armatas, 2006) as this technical tac- technique of the players and their relation with the tical aspect is the ultimate aim of the game (Yian- play area (Table 1). All the categories were compre- nakos & Armatas, 2006) and is especially rele- hensive and mutually exclusive. Figure 1 shows the vant for a team’s performance (Michailidis, et al., distribution of the play areas from where the goals 2004). Therefore, an objective evaluation of the spe- could be scored. cific characteristics necessary for scoring a goal in football is of utmost importance (Abt, Dickson, & Table 1. Coding of the notational system (specific criteria Mummery, 2002). Although this aspect has been and categories) widely studied in football (Armatas, Yiannaakos, & Sileloglou, 2007; Carey, et al., 2001), we have found Period of the match (P) no similar study on football 7-a-side for players with P1: Min 1-15 CP. Thus to know when, where and how many goals P2: Min 16-30 are scored in this sports discipline would be of great P3: Min 31-45 interest to coaches and would help them to make P4: Min 46-60 technical-tactical decisions based on objective data. Scoring part The purpose of this study was therefore to RL: Right leg analyze when goals are scored (during what period, LL: Left leg i.e. after how many minutes of play), with what body H: Head part (left leg, right leg or head), from what part of O: Other the pitch (area of the field) and what their charac- Shooting area or type of goal teristics are (with the ball in play or stationary) in WA: Within the penalty area (Zone 1) football 7-a-side matches for players with CP. EA: Edge of the penalty area (Zone 2) CF: Centre field (Zone 3) OA: Opponent’s area (Zone 4) Methods P: Penalty, stationary ball C: Corner kick, stationary ball Participants F: Direct free kick, stationary ball This study analyzed 23 football 7-a-side Min = minute matches corresponding to the Spanish Football Championships for players with CP over two con- secutive years. In total 10 teams and 68 players par- ticipated, all classified in the CP5-CP8 classes by the Classification Committee of the Spanish Fed- eration for Sports for People with Cerebral Palsy (FEDPC). All the matches from qualifying heats, semi-finals and finals were analyzed and no players were sent off so that there was the same number of players from each team on the playing field. All the subjects volunteered to participate, were informed of the research objectives and methods and signed the required informed written consent. All the pro- cedures followed the guidelines of the Declaration of Helsinki (2013) and express consent was obtained Figure 1. Distribution of the areas of the pitch from where from the technical directors of the FEDPC. goals can be scored. Procedure The matches were monitored in situ by two tech- In order to analyze the reliability of the observa- nical specialists from the FEDPC, namely, by the tions, a protocol was devised where all the criteria national team manager and the physical trainer of and categories were clearly described in the greatest the Spanish football 7-a-side national team. In every possible detail so that there was no room for ambi- match the following was noted: the name of the guity, thus utmostly facilitating the subsequent work team which scored a goal, after how many minutes of the observers when they monitored the matches of play, and the number of the match observed. The and recorded all the game actions (Pradas, Floría, observation data sheet was made up according to González-Jurado, Carrasco, & Bataller, 2012). The three criteria (game period, i.e. the time point at two observers were responsible for coding all the 203 Yanci, J.: ANALYSIS OF GOALS SCORED BY PLAYERS WITH CEREBRAL... Kinesiology 47(2015)2:202-207 matches and these data were used to calculate the average of goals scored was 3.1 per match. Most inter-annotator agreement. Before the observations, goals were scored within the first fifteen minutes the annotators were given a 5-hour training course (53 goals; 2.3 goals per match). In the game period on the use of the observation data sheet. (31-45 min) the lowest average number of goals was scored (33 goals; 1.4 goals per match). Figure 2 Statistical analysis shows the percentage of goals scored in each period. The data recorded with the software were Of the total of 173 goals scored in all the ana- exported to Excel 2007 Microsoft® xls spread sheet lyzed matches, 92 (53.2%) were the right leg kicks files. They were then exported and saved in the and 81 (46.8%) the left leg kicks. No goals were Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS® Inc, scored with the head or any other part of the body. version 20.0 Chicago, IL, EE.UU.) in .sav files, and processed as in similar studies (Alonso & Argudo, 2009).
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