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~.. DOWNTOWN _·7867 l7N• .,.' Fit Stop - 830 West Bannock • Court House - 7211 Colonial Drive Vol. XIII, No. 2 Winter, 1988
8 TURNER'S TRIALS 30 THE BLACK VIEW BSU alum Jesse Jonathon DEPARTMENTS BSU's Fred Goode and Turner remains a hostage 6 Campus Ne",'s Mamie Oliver present the one year after his abduc 16 Peoplr black perspective. tion in Beirut. 18 Foundation News 41 Alu mni News 32 RESERVATIONS 20 HISPANIC HOPES 45 Sports TO EDUCATION Idaho Hispanics face a 46 President's Comments Native Americans grapple long road to assimilation. with maintaining their culture while earning 24 A RACE APART COVER degrees. White separatists seek a Like spots of color blending into homeland in Idaho. a sea of white, Idaho's minorities 34 BEING BASQUE eye assimilation while fighting to Basque culture thrives in keep ethnic and cultural roots. Boise. Photo by Chuck Scheer,
FOCUS IS publishe By AJarie Russell he man in the picture smiles shyly, with brown eyes peeking out T through horn-rimmed glasses. Estel!e Ronneberg offers another picture of her son, this time his boyish looks are hidden behind a fnll beard. The pictures are not recent. In fact. the most reccm picture Ronneberg has see,n of her son, Lebanon hostage Je.sse Jonathon Turner, is a Polaroid taken by his captors that appeared in newspapers in December. Above: Turner as a student in the early ·70s. At right: Turner and wife, Bader. "I know he'll be fine if he has things to read," she says as she slowly tnrns the pages of the two scrapbooks filled with newspaper clippings, cards and letters she's received since her son was abducted there, saying 'It was his own fault,'" a year ago. "I'd hardly ever see him Ayers says. "But that doesn't matter. No without a book.. He is a thinker." one has the right 10 deprive someone of Indeed, Turner is a scholar. After the his life for a year." Elmore center opens • P~ I(.at [reaDY a1d amlf'U( lfainll19 services A new center that will furnish resources • TreCtUT1>en[ 01 I'1JUI). disease to the business community of Elmore .-oj dysfLO:tion. wah County and serve as a clearinghOUse for ffi1ptlaS4s on orthopedic business development in that area opened care. in November with the assistance of the • CYBE); computerized Idaho Business and Economic Develop back res{[()g. rehabilltatlOf1 ment Center at BSU. and screenon9· Documents Sponsored by the cities of Glenns Ferry h:1W Dack flJrl(tion ladys Langroisc is no stranger to the musical Showboat. It's her favorite. She has seen it five times, from theaters on the Nile River G to Broadway. But chances are, none of those performances will be as memorable 10 her as the Boise opening, planned for Idaho's centennial in 1990. Boise State is using the musical to honor the Boise civic leader and arts patron for her 20 years of service to the university and community. Mrs. Langroise came to Boise for a visit in 1966. While here, she renewed her acquaintance with local attorney and businessman William Langroise, whom she had met in Washington, D.C., when he was trying a case before the U.S. Supreme Court. They married, she moved to Boise, and the city gained one of its most ardent patrons of the arts. Since then she has supported the philharmonic. art gallery, opera and other arts groups with both time and money. She and her latc husband have also been benefactors of Boise State. donating their Warm Springs home, a maintenance endowment and scholarships. Mrs. Langroise's support of the arts began long before she came to Boise, however. The wife of the late Governor John J. Dempsey of New Mexico, she was one of the early builders of the Santa Fe arts commun ity. Her leadership of the Santa Fe Opera, where she helped establish a guild system for support, received national recognition. And her collection of Navajo art remains one of the best in the country. "Bill and Gladys Langroise have given so much of their time and knowledge to the arts for many years. The arts have been a lifetime com mitment to Gladys ... she knows that iu the last analysis, it is the arts that truly bring meaning to life," says Fred Norman. executive direc lor of the Morrsion Center and a long-time friend. "Over the years, Mrs. Langroise has been execediugly generous 10 the arts and to Boise State University. The president's home, a major scholarship in the College of Business, regular assistance to arts activities, and a constant generosity with time and advice are characteristic of her," says BSU President John Keiser. "This is in addition to the long term commitment she has given 10 the arts community in Boise, and before that in New Mexico and nationally. "We are saying thank you to a gracious lady who has done much for all of us," he adds. Showboat, says Norman, is one of the greatest musicals ever produced, the first to combine extravagant scenery and costumes with a serious dramatic plot. The show opened in 1927 , produced for Florenz Ziegfled Jr. with music by Jerome Kern and libretto and lyrics by Oscar Hammerstein II. The show is based on the novel by Edna Ferber. The Boise versiou will be a combined production of the BSU music and theatre arts departments. In addition to the tribute to Mrs. Gladys Langroise with BSU PreSidellt Johll Keiser ill fl"O/lt Langroise, it will also be one of BSU's cultural contributions to the of the Warm Sprillgs home she alld her late husballd celebration of Idaho's centennial. 0 dOllated to the ulliversitv. 10 Profs conduct studies in U.K. It's a banner year for Boise State in Bri tain, where three BSU professors will take up temporary residence to direct the British programs for the Northwest In terinstitutional Council for Studies Abroad (NICSA). In addition, the BSU Meistersingers have been invited to tour England during July. Carol Martin, English, will lead the London winter term while Charles Odahl, history, and Max Pavesic, anthropology, Dust Problem?? will teach in a new program in the historic city of Bath during the winter and spring terms. We can't help with The Boise State faculty members will join British colleagues to create a liberal your cleaning ... but arts program for American students from we do have dust covers the Northwest. Cultural exploration and for computers academic study will be integrated in classes and printers and excursions. Nineteenth century "soaps," the serially written Victorian novels that entertained the Queen of England, will entice students Your Solution for Forms, Accessories, Computer Supplies in Martin's "Victorian novels" course. FACS Corp. 518 S. 9th Street 344-7997 Julius Caesar, intent on establishing a model of Roman culture, sailed to Britain with 10,000 soldiers in 55 B.C. Odahl's students will study the resulting early Roman civilization, visiting ancient sites and inspecting relics. Odahl will also offer Studying May a course on medieval Christian civiliza tion, as well as one in Latin. Pavesic will address the artistic and in Be Your Child's Worst Habit. tellectual complexity of European prehistoric societies, providing students Oo.",,"'''~ reaIo/"" ... 10 stud1' Ifille answer IS no, Itlen with exposure to spectacular archaeo the Sylvan Study Skills Program will logical sites through field excursions. beofhelp. The Sylvan study Skills • ProaI1lllIBad1as your child howto The Boise State University Meister 1hIIf,. We WOfk with your child on singers, directed by professor Gerald speofic study skillS. Schroeder, are one of six American choirs -• OuUlnlng ..d nota taking invited to perform in England next July. • """'''''Study and reading strateglas • UsIng reference maIlIrials • Tast-taklng Slr8leglas • Improwed memory stratealas Our program is designed for Littlet"", Inn of Boise sllKientsof ail ages. Call loday for more information. It could bl r""II Syl¥an 78 newly renovated OAIoItbI bast r "'!IlBaming OY9rsized guestrooms .•. bablts your ctlild _ Centah picks up. where you can depend on a friendly, caring staff. conSistent service and superior guestroom facilities. We'll pamper you with complimentary break Call1bday: fast, newspaper, conference room, beverage and night-time snack - ali at II surprising price. For re88rvations caJ/; 345-3900 TUllIIl1 AIIAIDIIG AVM.A!lLf 1-800-323-7505/1-208-343-7505 BUAI sua:.. '-'III .1iI IIIII111Icl 2717 Vista Ava .• Boise, 10 83705 II Center polls public on policies If you eyer want to know what process much more efficient than con Idahoans really think about topics such as ventional 'pad-and-paper' techniques how much wilderness land the state should where the interviewer would have to have or how much Idaho should spend on shuffle through sheets of paper to get to education, Greg Raymond will soon be the the correct branch of questions," says person to see. Raymond. "The system also provides an Raymond is a Boise State University immediate machine-readable record of the political science professor with experience survey results that can be analyzed by the in quantitative methodology and director computer. .. of the Survey Research Center in the Beginning in late spring the center will School of Social Sciences and Public produce its first omnibus poll, which will Affairs. The center opened during the fall cover current political, economic and semester of 1987 and uses state-of-the-art social issues in the state. The poll. which research technology. It was constructed to Raymond plans to produce yearly. will be conduct affordable, high-quality surveys distributed to state lawmakers and others for individuals, government agencies and concerned with public policy. public interest groups. The center will limit itself to public The center uses a Computer Assisted policy surveys, and will not conduct Telephone Interview (CATI) system that market research. "The goal of the center is the first of its kind in the state. The is to gather information on public-policy center's most unique aspect is that it fully issues, not to make a profit," Raymond automates the survey process. A question adds. "We want to produce policy naire is entered into the system and relevant, high-quality work, and establish appears question-by-question on an inter ourselves as the source of a well-crafted, viewer's computer screen. The interviewer scientifically sound product." asks the questions over the telephone, then The center consists of Raymond's enters responses into the system's main office, located in the BSU Administration data file. Building, and the survey laboratory, "The CATI system makes the survey located in the Education Building. 0 BSU named honors center For the next three years, Boise State University will be the headquarters of --'" honors education for institutions of higher learning in America. With the election of BSU honors pro gram director Bill Mech as the executive secretary/treasurer of the National Col legiate Honors Council (NCHC), Boise State becomes the organization's base of operations. Mech and Wallace Kay, honors pro The combined membersbip of faculty, gram associate director, head up a unit of students and institutions totals approx BSU that has been operating for 18 years imately 1,000, Mech says. and currently has some 360 active As NCHC headquarters, Boise State students. Both Mech and Kay have served will keep all records of the organiza as president of NCHC - Mech from tion. 0 1979-1981 at BSU and Kay from 1983-85 while at the University of Southern Mississippi. Nurses offered aid "I wouldn't have sought the NCHC Boise State is responding to a nation position if Wally weren't here," Mech wide shortage of nurses by making it easier says. "We sought the position because we for licensed practical nurses to receive thought we could do the best job.... associate degrees in nursing. Between us, we have more than 40 years' LPNs or the equivalent may now apply honors experience." for advanced placement in the program by The NCHC is an organization for cballenging two freshman level courses, students, faculty, administrators and Fundamentals of Nursing I and II. Pass others interested in honors education. The ing the challenge exams can eliminate a NCHC has annual conferences that attract year of nursing coursework: for the upward of 1,000 students and educators. students. 0 12 BSU opens BAKE a lasting impression herbarium on your friends and family. Scientists, scholars and the public can Give the gift that's now study the flora of Idaho and parts of the Northwest in BSU's newly created GENUINE IDAHO herbarium. The BSU biology department created the plant cataloging, storing and study facility I! in cooperation with the Bureau of Land Management and the Fish and Wildlife Service. The herbarium is located in a renovated room on the second floor of the Science/ Nursing Building and features extensive pull out files filled with dried plants, a light table and work stations. Plant collections of the Fish and Wildlife Service, the Bureau of we will ••nd an approximately 10 lb. Land Management and BSU, totalling 5,000 For only $14.95 specimens, were combined to establish the gift box of 13 hand-selected Genuine Idaho potatoes herbarium. anywhere in the Continental United States. Scientists and scholars use herbariurns to MAil ORDERS: Checks, Visa or Mastercard, Americall Express make accurate identifications of plants, to PHONE ORDERS: Credit Cards Only study differences in plant characteristics, to study individual species, or to note geographic and bioregional distribution of ROLLAND JaNES patAtaESt.NC. m plants. P.O. Box 475- Rupert, Idaho 83350 The herbarium will also be valuable to rap Ph. (208) 436·9606 tor biology and ecology graduate students OR Toll Free 1·aoo·8AKERS-D (1-800-225·3773) IDAHO ONLY who need to know the critical plant foods of ADD 75c lor Sales Tax if mailed in Idaho prey species. The collection includes species from throughout Idaho, but will emphasize the species of the Snake River Plain. In addition, collections from non-Idaho research pro jects, such as Dottie Douglas' botanical studies in Denali National Park, Alaska, will be included. The herbarium director is biology pro fessor Herb Papenfuss. A student will be employed part lime to maintain and organize the collection. 0 a specialty gift shop Geology study set Thirty Idaho teachers will spend one month next summer studying the state's geology and ecology with Boise State geology professor Monte Wilson under a gifts from Idaho $73,755 National Science Foundation grant. cards. candles "The big thrust," says Wilson, "is to have Idaho teachers teach about the geology and biology of Idaho." In the oak furniture classroom, says Wilson, "the teachers can draw their examples from the local antiques geology and biology, Plus, at the end of the class all teachers will have an exten sive collection of plants, rocks and Come In to a warm, friendly atmosphere. fossils. " We specialize In helping you find the perfect gift The teachers will be based out of the Boise State University campus, but will for that special personl make extended field trips to most of the major geological regions and life zones of Fairview & 5 Mile • The Village Shopping Center • 376·3303 Idaho. 0 IJ Gondola project gets boost from BSU [n what many consider the best news to matching funds. Idaho College and Gonzaga University. hit Idaho's Silver Valley in 100 years, the A key portion of the project was an The study included surveys on freeway Kellogg gondola project took a giant step audit report of a marketing survey done access, a national mail-out survey b3.$(;d toward reality rc<:ently, in J986 by the Idaho Economic Develop. on motel/hotel registry in the Spokane and As part of a $6(X) billion spending ment Center (IBDC) at Boise State Coeur d'Alene area, and data on all gon~ measure approved by Congress and signed University. dola and tramway facilities in North by President Reagan, the city of Kellogg Aceording to Ron Hall. JEDC director. America, Hall said. will receive $6.4 million in federal funds the study combined ihe efforts of the The report W$ presented to the Interior toward building the gondola - which will private sector; a Seattle Ul;COUnting firm; Committee of both the House and Senate connect the city of Kellogg with the BSU business professors Stan Scott and to support the projett's special $6A Silverhorn Ski Area - as soon as tbe city Herb Jensen; BSU graduate students; and million appropriation proposaL Hall said raises an additional $6.4 million in students from the College of Idaho, North he believed the proposal would not have ,------·----'------,1 gotten as far as it did without the study, According to the report, the gondola would carry 23.811 adults and a similar number of children to the sid lU'ea in i1s first year of operation. The BSU report also forecast $264,12.9 Double in ticket sales the first year. Ticket sales would e!lCa.Iate to $316, 117 over a five-year period, the report said. "The (BSUJ study showed that the pro ject was feasible," said Duane "Duke" tax-free income Little. Gondola Committee co-chairman. Once Ct.'lnstructed. the 3.5-miJe.long gondola would be the longest gondola system in the Western Hemisphere. The gondola would have 4.000 reet of vertical choices for lift snpported by 4O-(oot towers. 0 Idaho residents ------o PIflase send me infoonation 00 the Northwest irwBstofs Tax..fxeTJPt Bu$mess Trust, a double .~tree. high-yield rmmicipal bond lund. I will ~II)' read !he prn~ before IlI't\t'$t or send money. lllt'lderslal1!1 lhal it contains I1Ii'llpfetB Information 011 adviSOry fet>s. diSbiblJt!on c/lafges and Oh.'r expenses. [] I woukllike I'I"Il.'ltt! intormalion about il'M!Sl.menl planning rrom tbU!wesl llMlSlors Fund M~. Gifts, cards and Christmas tins 01 FUDGE kMtbn"'" NiIIIIbwtIt ~ 717 Spiague 1weni.Jc, Suite 11t5, Spokane. WA 99204 14 Uplink opens Idaho to the world (crt; The paint was barely dry on Boise directly from the BSU campus, rather than ,fa' State's new satellite uplink before national ship tapes to Salt Lake City or other cities news networks were standing in line to use for eventual uplink to telecommunications BREAD the facility, the first of its kind in Idaho. satellites. The unexpected rush came as networks "This truly opens Idaho to the world as focused their attention on Boise's reaction far as news is concerned. National to the Nov. 15 crash ofContinentai Flight coverage of events in Idaho should in~ 1713 in Denver, which occurred just days crease because the logistics are now so before the uplink was officially dedicated. much better," Hambelton says. The week following the crash all four But news networks won't be the only major networks (CNN, ABC, CBS and users of the $515,000 system, whose NBC) sent broadcasts via satellite from 9~meter dish can reach 19 different Boise to national audiences, and CNN satellites. On its first official day of opera~ connected guests in the BSU studio with tion, for example, the uplink was used to G@vf: Cn)\nlf@IP1IT@jcD~1C the Larry King Live show in Washington. beam a teleconference on economic D.C. development to a statewide audience. Cllnrmij", Early use of the facility illustrates how In late January the uplink was used to important the uplink will be when national join a Montana task force on telecom~ Specializing in relief news stories take place in Idaho, says Ben munications and BSU for a teleconference for neCk, shoulder, Hambelton. director of the Simplot/ on how the two states can work together. Micron Technology Center. Hambelton says some commercial and lower back pain. Networks can now send broadcasts applications are being negotiated, in~ cluding use by advertising agencies to link with local clients, a video conference 2308 N. Cole Road, Suite A Students say stay between computer engineers, jn~state The four student leaders of Idaho's training for a trade association and na~ Boise, Idaho colleges and universities want high school tional broadcast of the Ore~Ida Challenge (208) 323-{)811 students to stay in Idaho for their college cycling event. D education and hope a recently produced televised public service announcement will get that message across. The 30~second announcement, taped last December in the television studios at PERSONAL the Simplot/Micron Technology Center, is an attempt to slow the "brain drain" INJURY of Idaho students attending out~of~state colleges. Student body presidents Michael Busch CHARTERED of Lewis~Clark State College, Brad Cuddy of the University of Idaho, Perry Waddell of Boise State University and Corey Blaker of Idaho State University each speak in the announcement, which follows FAMILY the theme of "Don't Go Out of Bounds, Stav in State." D LAW FAX Send copies across the country instantly. BUSINESS kinko'S LAW GNd eopI-. G..aI people. 615 S. Capitol Blvd. CHARTERED Boise, Idaho FREE CASE 342-7995 1412 W. IDAHO PH.345-9400 EVALUATION 15 ART RESPIRATORY THERAPY Allakson was the te(:hnieal Chambar of Commerce Task dir&ctor lor 00n1inenta:1 Airlines' Force, which made recomrmtn· Amy Skov had ill Monoprirlt Faculty rMmbers Jeff Andltf~ prOfflOtional events in BOi$4t last datlOl'\S to the Ada COtmly Com· accepted tor the international aon, dody t.e.ter. and Lonny summer, He aJso a¢tOO In a 03- miS$kmers concernlng the juriOO: exhibit, "West COQt Aahwurth recently pr$l!ei1ted a tiona! irtdusll1al Video fOf Weight future of the Western Idaho Works onJof Paper" in Arcata, 8$,," of lectures and wori(. Watchers Frozen Entrees, and Fairgrounds (JUlIe-Nov. Calif. Shop& to St AlphOn$O$ was part of 100 entertainment at 1987). John Killmater'. "Work Regionai MediCal Cfirrter Ute the Sun Valtey Lodge in Sell" from Foot Decades - Right, covering topics slJCh as tember tor the Agriculture VOCATIONAL TECHNICAL 1947·1931" was sKhibited at managemem of tile trauma Chemical ConIeN;»'lC9:. The JUfy SCHOOL the BSU Galle:ry of Art lasl fall. patient atld COP£) patient, isooe of Idaho Atts Journal He Is one of only two American clinical matl9Q6l1l6nt of featured 1'118 article "Seen Any ReepiIalory therapy tech- artiats currently represented in moohanical vsntilation atld Good Theatre Lately?" He has nicmn faculty David Nuel'$n- also baerl &elected as the in- "n international enamel e-xhibit mechanics of a transport ~, Denle& Voigt and Steve in Barcelona, Spain 'o'\!Intllatof. coming Assi&lant Pfaywritiog Ferguson hava !'.oNn $$IElQled Chait lot Region VII, Americal'l fur membership In Lambda EDUCATION SOCIOLOGY. AHTHRO· COllege Tl'leiltre Festival. Beta, the nationaf honor soeiety POLOGY & (:RIMINAL Rod CebeIloe is &etYilig as for the professiOn of respiratory 0 .." FI, SpItzer led the MS' JUSTICE ADMINISTRATION artIStic director fur lhe Idaho slon "Pem>rming Imp!'OII$ment Stw:espeare Festival, Last "'.. Gr.K.kua1es of the respiratory Opportunities: The Key to In.. T. Vlrgll"'- Cox attended the Sl.!lTMllfH he dir&eli!!d Wild GalS, therapy technician program also CJe Story and photos by Glenn Oakley rnestina Alvarado began working bition overcame these obstacles. "I really the fields. when she was 12, wanted 10 learn more," she says. «It was dressed in baggy clothes and a like a hunger," E large hat to disguise her age. At Today. Alvarado has completed a 15, she dropped out of school to follow master's program in education at Boise the mignmt trail fuU..ume "as a means of State, teadles sixth grade at Central Junior survival." High School in Nampa. and intends to Her mother had just gi~n birth to continue In a doctoral program "and teach another daughter, Rosario, and that made teachers how to teach." for one less person working and ()l'le more Rosario, the sister sbe helped suppon mouth to feed. "1 dido'! want to leave by leaving school to work, followed her school," recalls Alvarado, "but looking example and is now a junior at BSU, back on it I don't blame my parents. It majoring in bilingual education. Rosario's was survival." For years the Alvarado path to college was more direct than family tra",e1ed between Arizona and Ernwina's, but not without its trial.$, Idaho, follo' 20 n a sense, Ernestina and Rosario are tion goes unchanged. "then we're in for minorities twice over. As Hispanics of some serious problems for the Hispanic I Mexican heritage they are members of population in the fUlUre," says Hispanic the largest cultural minority group in leader Rudy Pena, Department oj hlaho. Their college education makes Employment official and president 01 them a minority within that Hispanic the newly created Idaho Hi spanic community. Commission. The road from the agricultural fields to The term Hispanic, derived from the old the ivy walls of college and professional word for Spain, includes all people of occupati ons has been a long and largely Spanish heritage - including those from untraveled one for Hispanics in Idaho and South and Central America, Spain, the across the nation. Basque region of Spain, Cuba and ot her The statistics are alarming. Hispanics Caribbean islan ds. In Idaho, most have the highest dropout rate in Idaho Hi spanic~ arc of Me.\ican heritage. only 38.7 percent graduate from high Edna Talboy, associate director of the school, according to the 1980 census. As High School Equivalency Program at BSU a group, Hi spanics hold the lowest pay who is half Colombian, notes that in other ingjobs. with a median income of$12,294 parts of the country, such as New Orleans, in 1980, compared with 517,729 for white "to be Hispanic doe~n't mean thai Idahoans. Nearly 30 percent of Idaho much. " Hispanics are just part of the Hispanics Jive below the poverty line. To §OCi al fabri c - teachers, cooks, allorneys, aggravate the situation, the Hispanic laborers, doctors, "rilers. BUI , she adds, population is young and prolific. The Angelina Martinez 8ays she doesn't thtnk "in this certain part of the country, if you median age is 19.9. compared ..... ith 28.1 much about being Hispanic. '" think about myself as being me. " speak Spanish there are two things people for white Idahoans. The fertility rale is assume you could be: Basque or Mexican noticeably higher than the rest of the American, and therefore you work in the population. Even these statistics may be fields. " conservati ve. Some 40,000 Hispanics are Naturali zation Services. estimated to live in the state, but an addi· The result is a rapidly growing popula. hile man) Hispanics have scttled tional 30,000 may live here illegally - tion frequently lacking the basic educa do\\n and entered various occu Mexican nationals staying here ..... ithout tional requiremellls for all but manual W pations in Idaho, farm labor ;s permission from Immigration and labor and menial occupations. If the situa· the predominant occupational background of most Mexican-Americans in the slate. A study of migrant workers in Idaho by BSU history professor Patricia Ourada documenh a half century of farmers en· couraging Mexican-Americans or im porting Mexican nationals to do the stoop labor of the fields. In the early 19205 the Utah· Idaho Sugar Co. provided Mexican field hands to sugar beet farmers. During World War II the United States entered into an agreement with the Mexican government enabling Mexican citi zens to enter the country for agricultural "ork - and then return 10 Mexico. Planeloads of Mexicans were flo .... n north to Idaho. Sti ll , there remained a shortage of field labor. "For a Professional Atmosphere Farmers des perate for workers during the war years employed German POWs, in terned Japanese Americans, Navajo In with a Personal Touch" dians, Jamaicans and schoolchildren, along with the Mexicans. But il was the Mexicans who continued OFFICES / LOBBIES / CONFERENCE ROOMS in the fieldwork after the war. swelling the migrant trail that winds from the lettuce fields and orange orchards of the South .....est 10 the row crops and apple orchards of the Northwest. Where once 345-9085 the migram lrail included peuple of all cultures, post-World War II saw a predominance of Mexican-Americans and 1746 West State • Boise, Idaho 83702 Me:\ica n nationals following the crops, (LOCATED IN THE ALBERTSON'S MARKETPLACE) living for a few months at a time in crowded migrant camps. 22 RoSllno AI ",arado says she'.. rned English through the "siot! Of swim" mettled, but Is now studying to become a bilingual educallon teacher. Between 1945 and 1965, .... hen Ihe for some, but for mOSI - no. it's a long United Stales held nil immigration quotas .... ay.'· within the Western Hemisphere. some 1.3 The reasons given for Ihis failure range millio n Me)(icans became resident aliens from racism on the part of the whites to of the U.S. A 1965 congres~io na l act reluclance on the part of the Hispanics. changed that, making immigration for Camilo Lopez, a Caldwell allorney, many illegal, but hardly ~topping the in believes Ihat white America has never nux of Mexicans. Mexico is a Third World \\ekomed non-..... hites into the American country bordering one of the mosl pros dream. "Those In on-white) persons," he perous nations in the world, and the im charges. "have been classified as poverished people of Mexico ha\'e proven separate." He insists that Hi spanics will willing to risk repeated arr~ts and even o nl y a.llow themselves 10 be 3ssimilated if death 10 work for minimum wagc. their ties to their Mexican cullure are assured. "We can be as American as ost obscners - Hispanic and anybody," he says, "bul on our own Anglo alike - agree Ihe migrant terms. We don't want 10 be a brown M trail has ~ hrun" in recent years. Anglo. We ..... ant 10 be nOI a melting pot, The increasing mechanil:ation of bUI a salad." agriculture has reduced the number of jobs Lopel: says this bicultural assimilalion available. Many who followed Ihe crops is resiste-d by white Idahoans oflen out or have settled down - often in Idaho - to "envy - because .... e I.:now who we are." worl.: at seasonal labor, in factori~ or at Lopez maintains that "'hite Americans whatever is available. They have settled h:ne "become mongrels" and 10SI theIr down 10 allow their children to attend heritage in the process of assimilation . school, to secure more profitable emrloy This theme is repeated by many menl. or 10 leave behind Ihe brutal lire of Hispanics, if nOI always so harshly. migrant laborers. Yet many of Ihose who Humberto Fuentes, president of Ihe Idaho have esca.red the migrant trail remain Migrant Council says. "Assimilalion is stucl.: in low-paying agricullurallabor. All occurring; it's inevitable. The Hispanic 100 oflen Ihcy are followed by their population has a little different twisl: The chi ldren. Hispanic population is willing to The situation creates a !iCenario painted assimilate, but ..... e want to maintain our by Pena. "So they're going 10 live in language and culture." cheaper houses, the nutrition is Joing to Pena cites a combination of prejudice be less, their transportation poorer. When and cultural mores as reasons for you lie a1llhese things togelher you'\e got Hispanics' failure 10 assimilate. " J think a ghello ... . Assimilation may be there (Cuntinued on Plitt' J8) 2J Idaho grapples with its racist reputation By Bob Evancho enophobia's menacing shadow spread ilsdf over Idaho long before Aryan Nations founder Richard BUller established a com pound near Hayden Lake in 1974. As one of the most homogeneous and least cullurally di\crse states in the nation, Idaho is perceived by many - whether it's justified or not - as a stronghold for the ideological underpinnings of white separatism in America today. Perhaps the incidents of racial intolerance that dOl Idaho's history underscore this reputation. As far back as the 18605. when Idaho was still a territory, non-whiles were subjected to the cruelties of racism that pervaded the rest of the nation. In her book Migrant Workers in Idaho. Boise State University history professor Patricia Ourada writes about the arrival of Orienta] and black miners: ;;Oy the summer of 1865 fit was) announced with alarm ... that the Chinese were coming. In Owyhet, Lewiston, Bannock City, Orofino and Silver City there was voiced outrage from the white miners. who futilely sought to exclude through legislation both Chinese and Negro miners .... The major complaint against the Chinese miners was that they provided a source of cheap labor .... Vigilante groups often look action against them. 'The Chinese Must Go' campaign throughout the West in the 1880s was also carried on in Idaho Territory." aut.Ide JefOlM, October 1iM: Wl'II1e Mplntism ...,. Its tw.d. Pfill C. PKk photo " Japanese aliens during World War II , and recent events such as the bombing of a Doise synagogue in 198.5 and cross-burnings (the latest ncar Jerome in 1986), it's not 100 dif ficult to see ..... hy some belie\e Ihe state has yet to shake this stigma. "Idaho," says Boise Slate University sociologist Jim Christensen, "is one of the cteanest havens for racist thoughts. Idahoans tall humorously about this being a very con sen'alive slate. but very cons;:rvative means racist in a 101 of ..... ays. Ifl were Pastor Butler, I would ..... ant to be in Idaho. I wouldn't try California, New Yorl.. or Horida - the diver sity in those places is too great ." ecause Idaho's citizens are predomi nantly white with a conservative and Blaid-back bent. some of today's while separatist groups such as Butler's Church of Jesus Christ Christian (Aryan Nations) con sider Ihe Slate fertile ground to spread their Butler delivers his message prior to 1986 cross-burning near Jerome. ideology. PIoul C. Pe<:k pho1o "The nice thing about Idaho for these According to Ken S\\a05on, curator of the groups is that it's kind of sleepy and they can Idaho State His.odcal Museum, the vigilante gel away with more," comments Christensen, groups of the mid- to late IBOOs engal!'ed in .... ho has had Butler and other Aryan Nations anti-Chinese and anti-Indian activities. "There members speak to several ofilis ctasses at BSU. were some Chinese hangings in Pierce about "There's a 1m of tolerance as \\cll as a lot of 1863 or '64," he sa~'s, "and there definitely latent racism in this state. Whether you like it was an anti-Indian atlitude from the start of or not, this is a good place for racists to go. the settlement of the state. All you have to do "Lool:: at the classic stereotype of an is look at the state's newspapers from those Idahoan: He's a cowboy, a conservative days. They had statements like 'The only good redneck, which means he's been raised in some Indian is a uead Inuian' right in their tradilional religion with some ideology about editorials ... good guys and bad guys - and he's one of the good guys. hen came the Ku Klux Klan. Accord "Of course there's a contingclll in Idaho that ing to S .... anson, the Klan was active doesn't fit that category," he continues, "bul T in Idaho at the turn of the century and the nation's basic perception is nOI a ..... ho11y into the 1920s with marches and cross unjustified criticism." burning~. From his compound in north Idaho, Butler In her book, Ourada writes: "A crowd of says the state's prepondcrance of whi les does " The people .500 people met in Boise on June 9. 1924 to hear indeed provide the proper elements in which Rev. H.F. Mow of the Christian Church of to expound the Aryan Nations' manifesto. of Idaho Payette explain the purposes and principles of "We say we have the right to maintain our have demon the Ku Klux Klan . Rev. Mow declared that the culture and heritage. and the people of Idaho Klan 'had nothing against individual Catholics, ha .. e demonstrated for o\er 100 years that this strated for Jews, Negroes or forei gners.' Mow said the is while man's land," he declares in a FOCUS over 100 Klan 'objected to the economic monopoly the interview. " [Idahoans) ha .. e white man's Jews were rapidly attaining, the idea of mixed culture, the), have white man's law, they dress years that marriages between Negro and white like white men, and ..... e do not need to see this this is white and the flood of undesirables coming into the culture destroyed." man1s land/' country.' .. The doctrine of the Aryan Nations and On the positive side it should be noted that similar groups preaches that the ..... hite race is Idaho elected Moses Alexander, the nation's God's chosen people and promotes making first Jewish governor, in 1914 and again in America a white-only home-land; hence their 1916. preference to be called white separatists, rather Nevertheless, questions remain. Has con than white supremacists. temporary Idaho mainlained this mi nd-set? Is "White supremacy presupposes that you the state really a sanctuary for sectarian racial want aliens lin the U.S.) that you can act altitudes? supreme over; we don't want that," Butler If you pause and consider its early history says. "Right now the white race is dispossessed of minority oppression and KKK activity, the ... Right now there's no place on earth that interomenl of Japanese Americans and a ..... hite man can say 'I'm a citizen of my 26 nalion,' and of course we lostlhe government Idaho Department of Commerce, reports a that was established in Germany for the white state ..... idc gro ..... th in tourism in 1987. race. " "There ..... ere a couple of occasions ..... hen organizations that had meetings scheduled in hen asked what he hopes to accom Coeur d'Alene moved those meetings to Boise plish in his lifetime, Butler replies. or Sun Valley," he says "So luckily, in those W "No matter what happens to me, the few cases, the state as a whole was not im· Aryan movement will go on; you can't kill an pacted because the money \\as still spent in the idea whose time has come." state. I'm surc the people in Coeur d'Alcne are It's difficult to determine the white nOt happy about thaI; the people I kno..... in the separatists' impact on the state, but it appears [north Idaho) tourism industry in no way sup Idaho's image among minorities has been port the .... hite supremacy movement." sullied. Coeur d' Alene, located 10 miles from the "I think there is the perception that Idaho, Aryan Nations' compound, has had more than along with Washington, Oregon, Utah and its share of negativc publicity stemming from Nevada, is tolerant of these {racist) views," illegal white-separatist acti\'ity. On Sept. 15, says Virna Canson, direcwr of the West Coast 1986, the home of a Coeur d'Alene priest was region of the National Association for the bombed; t ..... o weeks later three more bombs Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) in e~ploded in that city (two businesses and a San Francisco. "It's obvious that not all whites federal building ..... ere the targets) and a fourth share these feelings, but given the presence of was discovered in an armed services recruiting the Aryan Nations and similar groups, it seems office. Three men with tics to The Order, an racial prejudice is still something that exists in Aryan Nations splinter group, were arrested in that part of the country." connection ..... ith the bombings. (One man Bertha Edwards, president of the NAACP's pleaded guilty and the other two await trial, Boise chapter, says somc blacks arc reluctant possibly in Boise, in March.) to \'isil, let alone movc to, Idaho because of " The Aryan the unfavorable publicit)' the state has received. espite this violence, Coeur d'Alene Furlhermore, Edwards says minorities have Press Managing Editor Clyde Bentley movement left the state for similar reason~. D says north Idaho's tourist trade hasn't will go on; "There are several [minority) individuals suffered appreciably. "It's virtually impossible who havc lived herc and then lefi because of to quantify an irnpactlike that. I'm certain that you can't kill [racist] attitudes," Ed\\ards says. "Most there is always some impact, but tourism is up an idea people may look around and say wc don', substantially in this area," he remarks. "The whose time have this problem here, but we do taave [Coeur d'Alene) Hotel is very difficult 10 get discrimination. ,. reservations in .... I understand that the sum has come." Part of the reason, Edwards contends, is mer convenlion dates at the hotel are booked bccause today's law enforcelllent agencies do for the next t ..... o years. If [the bombings) had not proceed against white separatists with the had a heavy impact, one has to wonder how same doggedness they exercised in the 1960s great tourism would have been without them. and ' 70s when dealing with black militant "Tourism is on a very big high in northern groups. Idaho; we're the hot spot for tourism in Idaho "Look at the black groups that wcre formed right now. Right after the bombings, we had such as thc Black Panthers. They [law enforce a lot of [publicity], but people arc quick to ment agencies) were able to come in and just forget and they go on to other things. knock those groups out. Yet the Aryan Nations "'The Aryan Nations] are more of a and all these other hate groups have been able national story now than a local one. The im to survive." she charges. "If they can do that pact these guys have up here is fairly minimal," to blacks and other minorilY groups that rise Bentley continues. "They're an e:\tremely up, why is it that they can't do it to these [white small group and they keep to themselves. separatist] groups?" They're not active and they have virtually no community support. I don't see their effect on he presence of the Aryan Nations and tourism as that substantial." grou[ls of that ilk may have damaged Says Wilgus, "Things like what happened T Idaho's reputation alnong minorities, in Coeur d'Alene get a lot of initial attention but from a financial standpoint, it appears the for a short while and then other issues crop up. Paul C. Peck photo impact has been negligible. By this time next year, those problems will be Unlike Arizona, where the tourism industry a faint memory in terms of it being a tourism has been hurt by GOY_ Evan Mecham's issue. " derogatory comments about minorities and his Some officials believe the Aryan Nations will revocation of Martin Luther King Jr.'5 birth someday become an afterthought as a law day as a state holiday. Idaho has not suffered enforcemem issue. too. Barry Kowalski, a civil a backlash of canceled conventions and tourist rights lawyer with the Justice Department, is boycotts. In facl, Carl Wilgus, administrator one. of the Division of Travel Promotion for the (Continued on Pa2e 39) 27 • Idaho Through Foreign Eyes The author. center, tlas had both humorous and disturbing encounters with Idahoans unlamiliar with foreigners. Chl,l(:lt Sche&r photo By Sharon CharI/on by Boise Slale. which would not admit me • • until I submitted a signed affidavit stating s a foreign student, I am con· International that English ~as indeed the national slamly asked, " What are you language of the Bahamas. A doing in Idaho?" It 's a question I students cope Foreign st udents frequently encounter ask myself every morning when J wake up. questions of this nature. Trinh, a fellow No doubt, Idaho has been a cullure with culture shock, student from Vietnam, said an American shock 10 me, an island girl from the asked her. " Is Vi etnam all jungle?" The Bahamas. As one of 78 foreign students prejudice and American had gotten that impression from currently attending Boise Slale University. Rambo. II seems as though many I found myself here in the summer of 1984 the American way Americans develop their cultural aware along with six other Bahamians. A track ness through Holl ywood . and field scholarship was the primary • • Another annoying situation I encounter reason I came to BSU. student fails, he or she has 10 wait another is when some white Americans I meet have Many foreign st udents, however, don't year to take the lest again, preconceived notions of me because I'm enjoy the advantages of the athletic It's amazing how ignorant most black. l ance stood at a dSeoul, South Korea, says he never tries to cultures. tunately, that's not a decision I have to get too close to Americans because he Diversity is the spice of life and make immediately. I'm not from a doesn't share their concept of friendship. Americans are fortunate to have been country with economic or intense political Choi says Korean friends share given the chance to learn about different problems, and I didn't come to the U.S. everything. If one has money, tbey all cultures and countries without ever having to escape any internal strife within the have money. He says in America to leave the U.S. Bahamas. Primarily, I am here to receive everything is dutch. Choi says he doesn't At Boise State alone there are students an education for the benefit of the try to make American friends because "it from some 28 countries. Meeting some of Bahamas, which is a democratic, Third is not profitable." these fascinating young people can in World country. Admittedly, there are Like Choi, Trinh believes that some crease your cultural awareness. 0 more opportunities for success in the U.S., Americans treat friendship like clothing: which would be the only reason I would when they tire of it, they move on to Sharon Charlton is a senior English major remain here and seek citizenship. something new and it's no big deal. at BSU. She is president of Sigma Tau Delta Conversely, Trinh comes from an im Choi says if given the opportunity to Honor Society and is an intern for BSU News poverished country and has received her stay in America, he would become a Services. lIIumaUon t". Kelty Mlldlell • 29 The Struggle with Stereotypes UnplNaant incidents of f8ClSM have dotted Goode'. 12 )I'Hf8 in Idaho. GkItm O.IdllY photo By Fred Goode AU black males are rapists, drug dealers Their suspicions were !aid to rest when, and pimps. As it turned out, he didn't after only four year5 of teaching. the t was the summer of 1975 when I first change rooms and we became good students named me TVee's Teacher of arrived in Boise:. unsure of what to friends. the Year. A fellow instructor commented I expect in this area of wide open I could cite similar ind"ents of he had not received that honor after more farmland and great mountain ranges, One discrimination I experienced while a stu than 20 years of teaching. thing, however, was obvious to me and tbe dent at BSU. but I think the treatment I There are other instances of prejudice, other new black student...athletes on cam re.::eived after my college football career ranging from a child yelling "nigger" pus: There were not many blacb in the - wben I became a true member of this from a passing school bus to almost not community. community - illustrates my point, being served at an area restaurant. But the My first exposure to prejudice here My firS1 job was in 1980 as an instruc· most notable situation came while I was occurred when I moved into a dormitory tor at Treasure Valley CommunitY College at my office at TVCC. al Boise State. Looking fOf my assigned in nearby Ontario, Ore., where I was the In my so::on\l year there, I met with a room, I nOted a group of white students first black teacher. The eyes and mouths student and her mother. The mother pointing at me. locating my room. I of my new colleagues were opened in wide wanted to give me her reasons why her walked in, No sooner had I shut the dOOT amazement the first day. when I was daughter should drop my class. After 15 when one membcr of the group bolted i.n, presented to the entire faculty and staff. minutes of listening to the mother skirt the demanding that i explain why I was in his issue. I finally asked her if she had a pro. room. s I was introduced to one of the other blem with her daughter taking a class from When told that we were assigned a:s. Ainstructors. she moved away when I a black. instructor, Once the red faces roommates, he checked with dorm went to shake her hand - perhaps she cleared, she admitted that was the reason. officials to $ee if he eould transfer to didn't trust my stylisb approach. I then explained, with dead seriousness, another room. Throughout the first year, I had to deal tbat it was much harder to teacb white Like many people from the Northwest, with prejudice. Many students crune: to my students tban minority srudents. my roommate had never come in contact office upset because fellow teacbers were with blatks on a personal basis until his asking white students about my teaching ut, I continued, I had downgraded my experience in the dorm. As I later learned, metbods. They were wondering if I could Bteaching techniques to accommodate he had preoonceived ideas about blacks: teach white students, tbem. After a moment of silence I smiled )0 Neglected History: Blacks in Idaho By Ed Clark n a historical view of predominamly white Idaho, blacks are not actively I depicted among the tales of settlers and cowboys. But Boise State University pro fessor Mamie Oliver says blacks are a part of Idaho and she hopes her book. Idaho Ebony, win set the record straight and give blacks their rightful place in state annals. "We have not seen that blacks were here," Oliver, a l'~yeat BSU social work professor, says. "I want to tell you that they were." "Boise ha~ never bad to tCSt its attitude Covering Idaho history ftom 1860 to about blacks because it has never had to 1910. Oliver has pored over old publica deal with a large group," she says. "t tions searching for information. While the think if this town ever grows to the point book will examine the realities of life for where it has a large black population, the black penon in early Idaho. the Boiseans will have to get in touch with the underlying foundation of the work is a fact that black people have unique human interest story, sajls Oliver. differences as individuah and unique djf~ "Early blade Idahoans survived in their ferences as a group." own way in spite of the negative attitudes According t(> Oliver. racism and dis~ and opprewve forces tbat existed. The crimination are alive and well ill Idaho, purpOlie of this book is to get something although they maintain a low profilc. down to $bow that blacks did live in the "The power plays Ulat erist in the business state, and still do. and to show who they and political world keep discrimination were and what they did," Oliver says, alive. and probably always will," she says. But Idaho Ebony Vr1l1 be more than just a history book. "It wiD reflec:t the human· ne of the biggest challenges facing ityand commonness of hlades in Idaho, Oblack Idahoans in today's work force at her daughter to let her know I was and will ;;:ontain some specuiatloru relative is the oppressiveness of the work.ing at· joking, and the icy standoff was hroten. to social attitudes I see still existing," mosphere, Oliver says. White co-workers The moth'!.r had been living by the Oliver says. and supervisors can make working condi~ stereotypes that she bad seen in many Oliver plans to have the book completed lions uneaSy with tittle effort. For this movies. Again I was looked upon as a by Idaho's centennial in 1990. reason, getting the job isn't the main prob- drug dealer, pimp or thief. lem for marty blacks keeping jt is, I icnow it may be hard to fathom that liver has taught several classes at BSU There have been attempts to correct people here would reaily treat others in Orelating to black culture and the black these problems, Oliver notes. "The such a way. These occurrences really did family in America. In addition, she served establishment of the Idaho Human Rights happen. and instances like them will not as chairperson Qf the governor's ;;:ouncil Commission and a statement by Idaho's end by den)ing they bappen. Those who that helped institute the ~tate's annual populace that we will not tolerate in· dose their eyes to the truth will open the oommemoratioo of Martin 1.uther King tolerance are sleps in the right direction, ,. door to prejudice in this community. Jr. Her ex.periences have given her special she says. insight as to what being black in Idaho is At the same time. however, Oliver I suggest peOple. bJack or white, COn till about. points out that measures at the federal sider this quote from Martin Luther King "The state of the bJack person in Idaho level and iii some other states are "un- Jr. when deaUng with those different than today is not all that different ftom other 4Qing legal structures that made p[ovlsioru themselves: "We must not allow .. , areas of the country," she says, "because and opportumties for the low-income any force to make us feel1ike we don't blacks throughout America are playing groups." Oliver says this type of action count. Maintain a sense of dignity and 'catch up' because of the relative newness "seems counterproductive." respect. " 0 of civil rights legislation. In fact. the In spite of the many racial barriers that majority of blacks are still in poverty still exist, Oliver says a great deal has been Former Boise State foutba:11 .standoiJ! Fud because of social attitudes toward them." accomplished in the effort to ~ek equal· Gtxxle is tbe BSU athletic !kp;utmetJt'$ Blacks comprise less than 1 percent of ity among all bumanity. The flght. It(a.kmic at1viscr, the l00,()()().pll,1$ population of Boise and however. is far from over. its snrrounding area. Because of the lack "People need to gct away from color of minorities entering the mainstream. it's and pigment and start to accept people as difficult to gauge prejudice, Olivet says, people," she says. CJ 31 By La~ 'ern~ TapSky b:Hl,e once fought in the high country and plains is now being Destiny by A played OUI in Ihc nation's univer sily and college classrooms 3!o NallYe Americans slruggle 10 catch up with mainSircam society while 51ill mainlaining their cultural idemilies. Degrees II's taken nearly a ccnlUry for tribes to embrace Ihe concept of higher education for their )'oung. For decades, Nath'e Americans tolerated high unemployment, alcoholism and dropout rates on their Native Americans face dilemma reservations for fear that higher education would drive their children away from of education versus culture tribal culture and tradilion. The negative alliful:k towards edul."3.tion is TOOled in what many Indian elders call the "boarding school days." when they and their parenlS were lilerally siolen from their families and forced to attend school sometimes hundreds of miles away from homc. Sptaking their native tongue was forbidden at the schools and those who.) refused to speak English at aJl times were beaten. It was in Ihis scenario that Indians rduc tantly learned du~ "while man's ways." But the federal governmenl's plan tu assimilale the Indians had clearly fai led. Boarding school Indians returned to the reservations 10 resumc a traditional lifestyle closely patterned after that of their forefathers. Glenn O.k'", photo a..ct.cIatrlp prorided ~ Idaho State H'-totIcal ....MVm It wasn't until the 1960s that any signifi can look to for guidance, support and ex dians for college and even bringing the cant number of Indians started to pursue ample. Each year, conferences are held classrooms to the reservations to educate degrees beyond that wbich was required throughout Indian Country to encourage their membenl, The Shoshone-Bannocks in the school system. The early gradll&tt:r; youth to obtain college degrees through offer a vocational business course through were often ridiculed on their home reser advJee from those who've made it and ISU and also sponsor a remedial and com, vations for being "sellouts;' and they, those who can help them get through munity education program in the reserva· were driven away to find employment schooL tion's fully staffed library and learning elsewhere. As Ii counselor, Ellsworth kno~'$ hOVli center. "TM peer group pressure to reject difficult it is for Indian students to adapt education is very forceful on reservations, to college life. First, there's obtaining the ducatiun is bringing changes to the When graduates return home they often necessary funding to attend school, then E reservations, but it has also meartt a times feel unwelcome and not part of the there's the drawn out process of learning revival of cultural traditions in danger of gang anymore and SQ they leave," says in an educational system where values are being lost. Native language classes are Donner Ellsworth. a Shoshone-Bannock oftentimes radically different than their becoming popular on reservations and tribal member who serves as Indian stu own, tribes like the Koolenai of Idaho and the dent sCfvices coordinator/counselor at "Most Indians art not attuned to a Shoshone-Bannocks are developing dic Idaho State University. competitive society. They've been raised tionaries for use in teaching the Indian in homes where the atmosphere is laid langUage in classrooms. llsworth is one of 35 Shoshone back, Concepts like time and land owner Tribes are just beginning to show that EBannocks among: the ),lS9-member ship had no place in traditional Indian they can coexist in modern society without southeast Idaho tribe who has gone on to society and many still find it hard 1u cope losing their cultural identity. They know obtain a college degree. Other Idaho in a society where these concepts aTe im· they must accept some of society's values tribes, like the Nez Perce and Coeur portant," he says. to develop their reservations, to become d'Alene, also count a similar number of Donna Olson. a Nez Perce tribal economically sclf~suCficient and to survive graduates. member who now works as an employ as sovereign nations. Not surprisingly, most of the degrees ment director, recalls her college days as The attention today has turned to keep came after the Indian SelfwDctermination a time for weighing value judgments and ing Indian students in college and pre· Act was passed in J91S by then-President discarding those ideologies she felt were paring them for leadership roles within the Richard M. Nixon. The act was the IITst in conflict with her tribe's. tribes once they graduate. The Reagan time in history the federal government HI fuund myself sifting through all the administration has renewed its call for the made it a policy to let tribes determine information they threw at me, sorting out eventual cutoff of all federal support to their own futures through self-gQ",ern w what didn't fit into my value syste:tn and tribes and the need for an educated tribal ment, increased educational support and only using what was needed to play, .. says membership bas becomc more critical than technieal assistance. Olson. ever. With the resources in hand, tribes im ost Indians who've finished college In Idaho. tribcs are saying the state mediately set out to make a difference on must go the extra mile to make the higher their reservations. One of the first M attribute their success 10 strong family support and encouragement from education experience more meaningful to priorities was to fill top positions with Indian students. Givens says the stBte'& people who bad a genuine concern about their reservadon communities. Marvin Osborne. chairman of the Shosbone efforts to recruit end ret$.in Indian problems so pervasive on reservations - students in its colleges and universities are poverty, roclal ills, stagnant economies Bannock Tribes, said his parents urged bim to go to college, but they also re "disgusting and appalling!' She, along and encroachment by whites. AU signs with Ellsworth, plans to ask the pointed to an educated Indian workforce. minded rum "not to forget whQ you are or where you came from." Legislatute this session for more funding "Tribes knew if they didn't pursue an to support Indian recruitment and reten~ educated membership their destiny would Osborne, a member of the tribes' governing body for the past six years, said tion effons at lSU. continue to be held in other peopiejs And that's just a start. Idaho tribes are hands. They were tired of waiting for education of tribal members today is more important than ever before, The also advocatins more Indian-related whites to guide them and advise them, so history and culture lessons starting from Shoshone~Bannocks. like othtr tribes in : they began fostering a new kind of Indian· grade school on up. Osborne believes ness," says leanne Givens, R Coeur Idaho. provide financial aid for tribal ' members interested in attending eolkge. Indian students would tate more pride in d'Alene tribal member who serves in the their culture if they were taught at an early state Legislature. They also encourage coJlege smdents to obtain degrees in fields where there is a age that Indians helped shape this coun Givens is a wning example of what the try, new Indianness signifies: She's succeeded particular shQrtage of Indians to fill the "Tribes see education as a v.'1lY to keep in modem society while still holding fast positions. their Indian identity alive while competing to the cultural des of her tribe. Her On the Nez Perce Reservation in north with the white man on his own terms:," mission in the Legislature has been to serve ern Idaho, tribal councilman Gordon says Ellsworth. as a watchdog for the tfibes and to HighEagle said degreed Indians are Indians today arn arming themselves severely needed in the fields of engineer advocate for Indian ooncerm, As part of with dirferent weapons, but the battle that role, she now beads the Idaho Centen ing, forestrY. fisheries and agriculture, He is essentially the samc: It is a battle for nial Commission's Native American Com said the tribe is expancting in those areas, survivaL C mittee, an Indian group planning to but has had diffx::ulty in mling openings with qualified tribal members or even involve Idaho's five tribes in the 1990 Laverne TopSky is cdirot of (lu: ShOJbone.. [ruiians from other reservations, centennial celebration. Bannock Triblts weekly new~, tJu: AU the efforts would fall on deaf ears She-Ban News, one: of tht! top loditln olitk.allcaders like C.rlvens serve as role if it wasn't for the growing acceptance of newspaper.!' in ibe COWJtJy. She is a Sbmlwnc Pmodels for Indian Country; a grow education among Indians. Tribes today Bannodt ItibailtMmber wbo smduated from ing number uf Indian professionals youth ate offering remedial chwes to prepare In- ISU ""jib .8 df!Brt:e in journalism in 1984. l3 Idaho's Basques blend the best of cultures for Synthesis and Success This Oinbri Dancer Is one of many young Basqoes continuing a tllidltion thousends of YU/$ otd. Glenn OOley photo By Marie Russell n contrll5t to many of Idaho's minor mlJung the Basque traditions of ramily rivals. combined with the journeys by ity groups, the Basques arc a $Uc<''nS orientation. honeslY and social bonds with many Basque-Americans to the Basque story of assimilation. the freedoms and opportunities that are country. havc helped maintain the Basque I Once sheepherders in the lonely found in the United States. culture here. hills of central Idaho. the dark-haired im "People come here not to keep what "We need conSiant communication migrants from northern Spain have taken they have but to get in on what's here," with the Ba~que country. The marc a place in Idaho's political. educational says Bieter. "The Basque culture was con· association we have back and forth with and business circles while still holding onto lIenial with the 'making money, going to the country. the marc and more Basque the colorful culture of their past. school' emphasis of America." is being spoken," he says. Last year Boise was treated to Moving north from Nevada and "Jaialdi," a traditional Basque celebra California in the late 18005. many Basques tion with the foods and dance of the old came to Idaho and found work as uch of that communication comes country. "Onati," a newly OlXntd Basque shcepherders. As more Basques came to through a cooperativc foreign restauraOi. has taken its pla~ among the the area, all-Basque boarding houses M studies program that Doise State community's ealeries. and the 8a$que became commonplace and the peopk and the University of Nevada-Reno ecnler in downtown Boise provides a began to fill jobs and roles in the operate in the Basque country. Each year common meeting place where convenoa community. students travd to San Sebastian, Spain, or tion in the nalive longue is the norm. Discrimination was not uncommon for Pau. France. to live and study the Basque Second and third generation Basques first ge neration Basques in Boise. but the culture. While there they become ac have formed a choir dubbed group has risen above the days of being quainted first-hand with the language and "Bihotzetik," .... hich is Basque for "from called "black bascoes" to become lifestyle of the Basques. the hear!. " Others spend hours practicing some..... hat revered by the community. Another problem faced in maintaining and learning the traditional dances, whik "What Idaho Basques have done is to the old traditions is the change in tradi many Basque students enroll in an educa dramatize the historic and romantic view tional roles. Bieter says many young tional exchange program that allows them of the Basques. Many Basque-Americans Basque-American women don't .....ant to 10 spend a year across the seas in the may not know how to spell the words or play historic roles, especially in the dances. Basque country. speak the language, but ethnic identifica He says many of the women are now And while they hold onto the past, they tion of being Basque is imponant," Bieter learning the steps of male-dominated cmbrace the present. says. Basque dances. which. he says "is going "The Basques are truly developing an While there has been a real effort to to make a different kind of dance." American.Basque culture here," says Pal maintain the traditional music and dance, Bieter, a Boise State University professor. Bieter says a threat remains that the One thing Basque-Americans shun from Bieler, married to a second·generation language may fade. the old country. however, is the politics. Basque, has extensively studicd the "there has been some effort to retain The Basque country is racked by a Basques and their culture. it. although the second and third genera· separatist movement that has been marked "It's a synthesis of Basque and tions are not speaking it." he says. "The by violence, but Bieter says few of those American, a new culture has formed. You language may not die out. The young want problems have transcended the ocean. go 10 Basque picnics and they have golf to kttp it going, but it is too easy to "The Basque Center won't allow tournamenls," Bieler says. operate in English." political discussions. It could be divisive." A trickle of Basque nationals continue he says. adding that such an attitude ieter says the Basques, ..... ho seuled to migrate to Boise where, Bieter says. like "does give a sense of a lack of realism" in Idaho in the late 1800s, have those before them. they find jobs in the to the ethnic idcntity of the Basque B "taken the best of both world s" by sheep business or restaurants. The new aT- Americans. 0 34 aker says that Boise scored very high B with the refugees. The first leg of (he Great Expectations refugees' immigration to America was in either Austria or West Germany, where the refugtts said they felt unwelcome because they were not natives. The European refugees struggle refugees find that they are much more with realities of American life accepted in Boise. The refugees found the people of Boise friendly and friendships easy to establish. One important part of the refugees' social adjustment was the way that Boise's city life differs from that in Europe. Baker writes. " The)' thought the architecture was without style or character. The refugees also found it alien that there was no real urban center to Amt'rican cities. There was, to them, no street life. They dis approved of everyone in Boise using cars to go everywhcre. The refugees also per ceived that European cities offered more cultural activities." The refugees also had some views on American materialism and consumerism. One refugee said. "Sometimes J think that Americans spend too much time ..... orking ... They make lots of money. but they still worl.: ... and they do n' t have time for anythinB else because they have to make money." Baker writes, "They [the refugees) ..... ere By Jim McColly refugees had conlact with the agency. shocked that there were so many poor Baker found, due mainly to their people in America and that they were so magine packing a suitcase of belong dissatisfactio n with SIRSP. Most were desperately poor. They were also ings and escaping your country to onc dissatisfied with the jobs SIRSP had dismayed that health care was both ex I where you did not sprak the language, found them, felt the program was too pensive and gTeatl)· limited in access you knew no one and yet you had to find bureaucratic, and believed the staff did depending on one's financial status." a job to support yonr family. not have enough training. However, Baker A surprising find in Baker's study was That is the experience of 28 refugee writes, "After listening to thcse harsh that the refugees went out of their way to families currently living in Boise who were criticisms of the refugee center ... I in avoid contact with fellow refugees. He the subjects of a st udy by Richard Baker. terviewed ~veral of the center's staff to believes this is the result of experien~s in Baker. a Boise State University sociol respond to the criticisms." their native countries and the mistrust that ogy professor. conducted the IO-month ell:i sted between individuals there. study with 10 Polish and 18 Czedoslo heir responsc was uniforrn. First, they However, he says. the refugees are dis vakian families. He spent about two hours Tstated that the Boise refugee center has appointed that their children are losing with each family and interviewed them one of the best records in the country for their native language. concerning their exreriences in finding fi nding employment for refugees. They employment. learning English. utilizing believed the staff was hard-working and ll of the refugees in Boise fled their refugee assistance programs, and making dedicated to assisting the refugees. They A countries because of their fear and social and cuHural adjustments, as well as were surprised at the large numbers of dislike of the communist government. For their satisfaction wi th the U.S. political Eastern European refugees who were that reason, they are adamantly anti system. dissatisfied with their program. communist and equally pro-American. Baker's intent .... as to compare the "The refugee staff said that there were "They held an extremely positive assimilation of the Eastern European a number of problems in working with attitude about America," Baker writes, refUgees into society with other recent Eastern European refugees. Many of these • 'They praised the American political refugee research. Baker writes in his study, problems, they felt, were the consequence system ... they were jubilant aboul the "The (wo mOSt significant problems of the of cultural differences. The refugees did absalce of government controls. Theyen refugees in this study are the acquisition not understand the employment market in joyed Ihe freedom or travel in the United of employment and the learning of the the United States," Baker says. " The staff States. The refugees were impressed with English language." The refugees who said the refugees did not understand that the npportunities for occupational train· came to the U.S. with the highest job skills you have to be willing to start with a low ing and education in Boise. They were ex· and education had the most snccess in status and low-paying job, and work your cited about the freedom to select one's overcoming the employment and language way up to higher posi tions. They did not own occupation." barriers, says Baker. understand the intensity of job competi One refugee said. "You can choose the The Southwest Idaho Refugee Services tion; that it is hard to find a job and that profession, you can do whatever you Program (SIRSP), a fooerally funded you have to sell yourself to your prospec want, you know, the maximum freedom. agency, has the responsibility of helping tive employer_Also, the refugees' employ I think that's the best in the whole world the refugee:; assimilate. Few of the ment expectations were too high. here." 0 Guilty by Race I • Scenes from the 1943 yearbook produced by Japanese American students interned at Idaho's relocation camp show attempts to live. normal American life while imprisoned as threats to America. By Robert Sims terned has occasioned some interesting comments in Idaho newspapers, including leiters to the editor from some in lthough they are one of Idaho's smallest ethnic groups dividuals who continue to make a mistake committed by many (approximately 3,000 at present), Japanese have been during the war - an inability to distinguish between the enemv A a significant part of Idaho's history. Imported as in Japan and people of Japanese ancestry living in the United laborers in the 1890s to work principally on the railroads, and States. More than 70,000 of those interned were American a decade later to work in the sugar beet industry, Japanese citizens. The American concept of personal and individual began permanent settlement early in the century and started responsibility was violated in the case of Japanese Americans, a long process of assimilation. who were presumed "guilty by reason of race." That process included a number of barriers to full acceptance Regardless of what happens with congressional efforts to and L"quaJ status. From the earliest days of their presence in compensate the victims of this tragedy, the events of those years Idaho, Japanese fa(;cd discriminatory laws or adverse court should remind us all of the fragile nature of liberty, even in decisions which prohibited naturalization. restricted business this most democratic of societies, and how racism has too often opportunity. forbade intermarriage with Caucasians and pro flawed the history of the United States. hibited ownership of land. In spite of these restrictions. Japanese have achieved a remarkable degree of success and he Japanese American camp in Idaho was located northeast have proven themselves to be outstanding citizens. T of Twin Falls and was callei! Minidoka. In 1979 a memorial ironically, the most important episode of the Japanese ex plaque was placed at the site of the camp, a prison home for perience in Idaho involved residents of the West Coast states. almost 10,000 Japanese and Japanese Americans. During World War II the United States government removed The inscription on the plaque is worth remembering: the entire Japanese and Japanese American population from "This is the site of the Minidoka Relocation Center, one the West coast, interning 110,000 men, women and children of 10 concentration camps established in World War II to in 10 camps in the interior, induding a camp in Idaho. incarcerate the llO, oise State offers a variety of programs and organizations to assist students is the adviser. with their academic and social needs. Listed below are some of the ser MECHA is the university Hispanic Bvices available to minority and foreign students at BSU: organization, promoting Hispanic culture and language. Student president is Rosario HEP, the High School Equivalency be at the college freshman level and have Alvarado, 344-5798; Margie VanVooren, Program, targets seasonal and migrant worked 75 days or more in the fields dur 385-1583, is the adviser. workers who have dropped out of high ing the past two years. Rodriguez, school. The lO-week course of intensive 385-3574, recruits students for the pro The International Student ASliodation study on the BSU campus provides suc gram. The program is administered by promotes intercultural awareness, under cessful graduates with aGED. HEP John Jensen, 385-1754. standing and friendship throughout the BSU community. The student president is students are recruited from Idaho, eastern STUDENT ORGANIZATIONS Washington and Oregon, northern Azemi Rahmas, 342-8384. The adviser is California, Nevada and Utah by Tony The Black Student UnIon exists to Steve Spafford, 385-1757. Rodriguez, 385-3574. establish unity, inform and counsel Student Spec:ial Services provides per students and fulfill cultural and social CAMP. the College Assistance Migrant sonal, academic and financial counseling, needs of black students. The student presi Program, is a college scholarship program connects minority students with other dent is Eric Love, 385·9361; the faculty for migrant field workers. Rodriguez minority students on campus, and adviser is Mamie Oliver, 385-1782. terms it "the diamond, the one that will arranges career development programs gel people ahead." CAMP provides a Dama Sogbop is the Native American and sessions with employers. Student stipend for one year plus counseling sup student organization, established to pro Special Ser ... ices also helps minority port. Boise State is one of five schools in mote Native American activities and help students meet professionals in the com the country affiliated with CAMP. Forty people learn about Native Americans. munity. Margie VanVooren, assistant CAMP students a semester can be enroll Marlene Jeppsen is student president, dean of student special services, can be ed at BSU. To be eligible, students must 922-4180; Margie VanVooren, 385-1583, reached at 385-1583. D Minorities in Facts & Figures Percent white Idahoans graduating Percent Hispanics attending college Percent Idaho Hispanic families below from high school: 74.8 after high school: 37 poverty line: 24.7 Percent black Idahoans graduating Percent Idaho Hispanics of Mexican Number of foreign students in Idaho: from high school: 74.7 origin: 76.4 889 Percent Idaho Indians graduating from Median age of all Idahoans: 27.6 Idaho's national ranking in number of high school: 55.9 Median age of Idaho Hispanics: 19.9 foreign students: 43rd Percent Idaho Asians graduating from Percent at which Hispanics have grown Number of foreign students at BSU; 78 high school: 77.7 nationally since 1980: 30 Number of countries represented: 28 Percent Hispanics graduating from Number of American citizen Hispanics American Indians attending BSU: 61 high school: 38.7 in Idaho: 38,000-53,000 Blacks attending BSU: 75 Percent Hispanics enrolled in school Number undocumented Hispanics in Hispanics attending BSU: 245 between ages 7 and 15: 96 Idaho: 20,000-30,000 Basques attending BSU: 94 Percent Hispanics enrolled in school Number of Hispanics who have applied Oriental!Asians attending BSU: 187 between ages 16 and 17: 68.1 for amnesty in Idaho: 6,000 Percent of Asian-Americans attending Percent white Idaho families below Sources: college after high school: 70 po ... erty line: 8.9 1980 Census Bureau Statistics for Idaho Percent white Americans attending col Percent black Idaho families below Idaho Migrant Council Idaho Affirmative Action Statistics, 1986 lege after high school: 51 poverty line: 13.3 Percent black Americans attending col Condition of Hispanics in the State of Idaho- Percent Idaho Indian families below U.S. Bureau of Census, Sept. 1985 lege after high school: 46 poverty line: 29 Immigration & Naturalization Service Percent American Indians attending Percent Idaho Asian families below BSU Admissions Office college after high school: 38 poverty line: 13.9 Chronicle of Higher Education 37 alboy bcliC1.es thut low exp&::tations Hispanics for Hispanics have become: a self T fulfilling prophecy. "It's just like (Continueil rrom Page 23) women," she says. "They were expected racism has kept them al the bottom of the to fill a certain role." economic ladder," says Pena. "As long Pcna agrees with a need for more as you apply for a Jabor job thai doesn't Hispanic role models, and notes some threaten anybody else, there's no positive changes in recent years. "On Ihe discrimination. But go apply for a super bright side," says Pena, "applicants for visor's job - that's where racism comes IMAGE fa national Hispanic organiza up. ,. tion] scholarships are increasing." Carecr But Pena also cites a difference in the aspirations have also changed, he says. In purpose for which Hispanics have often Ihc 19605, most IMAGE scholarship ap come 10 the United States. The Anglo plicants wanted to be teachers or social Europeans. he ~ys "came here to change. workers, whereas tOday, says Pena, "il They probably came here with some ski ll s varies from artist to nuclear physicist." and a different education level. They came Two programs seeking to brinp more with concrete ideas about what they Hispanics ;010 the professions are HEP wanted to do. For Hispanics the only thing and CAMP. HEP is a iO-wed.. high school that changed was the border," equivalency program operated at Boise He also noles a cultural difference in lhe State with federal funds. Seasonal and .... ay Hispanics and Anglos communicate migram workers are recruited from the within their families. Pena says Hispanic Pena believes cul1Uf111 mores as well .. racism North\\est and northern Utah, Nevada hoys are traditionally raised 10 "command have impeded the progress of Hispanics in and California by Tony Rodriguez. They respect, but nOI communicate." America. are homed at Boise State or attcndevening "That's a cultural mores that exists and classes in Nampa and Wilder. Those com· will keep people out of a job," he says. pleting the program arc awarded their succeeded." The sludents who clung to GED. "The GED opens Ihe door to he need for young Hispanics to Chicano culture tended to fail, she says. them ," says Rodriguez. But it is CAMP work in the fields to help support thc Angelina Martinez rna)' be a case in - the college assistance mipram program T family is frequently cited as thc point. Ahhough she learned 10 speak both - "that is really Ihe diamond, the one cause of the high dropout rate among Spanish and English at home and began that will get people ahead," he says. Mexican-Americans. For many-: like working the fields at 9, she attendcd the Freshman-level students who have Ernestina Alvarado, school became a predominanlly white O'Ll"..lry Junior High worked at least 75 days in the fields during luxury Ihe family could no longer afford. School in Twin Falls. Most Hispanics at the previous two years are eligible for Rosario Alvarado paints a picture of tended SWan Junior High. When Ihe CAMP. CAMP is essentially a tlllO subtle home pressure that can come into groups merged in the same high school, semester scholarShip program thaI in play. "When you're in school and your Martinez noticed distinct differences be· cludes extensive counseling services and parents are telling you 'we need you out tween herself and hcr Hispanic counter· classes to help these students adjust \0 the here in the fields: and you're not doing parts from Stuart Junior High. "They often new and strange life of college. so well in school-that might be a factor looked at themselves as 'We're Mexicans. Students are given information and help in saying, '1'1\ stay here in the fields where so what can we do,' .. says Martinez. " It on applying for scholarship grants to at least I know what I'm doing.' .. was hard 10 be friends wilh them. We allolll them to continue thcir education But increasingly, as Hispanic families didn't see things the way Ihey did. 1 still after CAMP. BSU is one of four CAMP sellie down and become Americanized, don't. They think: Get married when affiliated universities in the country. this seems less of a significant factor. you're 18 and start working." Rodriguez says while some older "You'll hear that [leave-school-to-help· Martinez acknowledges that she knows Hispanics "think they've missed the boat" out-th.e-family reason] from people my little of Mexican culture or history. "I on education, "the younger people are age and older," says Pena. really don'l think a lot about being vcry receptivc" to CAMP. Angelina Martinez, a sophomore at Hispanic. I think about myself as being Rodriguez is optimistic about the BSU, agrees. Her Hispanic friends who me. " assimilation of Hispanics in Idaho. "The have left school to work have done so to Most observers cite a lack of profe5- younger people arc coming into the make money for themselves, she says. sional role models for Hispanic students universities," he says. "They've been "They live with their parents, but they to emulate. Edna Talboy recalls coun· through high school. They've been aronnd keep all the money Ihey cam," she says, seling a Hispanic studcnt aboul her career their Anglo friends. They are dealing with Others have eiled the structure and following college. Talbay was discussing the mainstream - sports, friends, music. t· philosophy of school itself. "Schools the psychology profession to the student A growing number of resident teach middle class values, and those are "who was very bright - and all of a Hispanics no longer want their children to Anglo values," says Erneslina Alvarado. sudden it was 'Ia·la land.' She didn't know follow them into the fields. Maria Rios is "I f you are Hispanic, there's nothing there whal I was talking about. 1 asked her if a CAMP studem at Boise State IIIho had for you." Curiously. Alvarado says her she knew any Hispanic women in the pro dropped out of school in 10th grade to sludies and otoservations have shown that fession, and she didn't. And I asked her follow the migrant trail. "I have a 2-year "the Mexican-American students thai if she knew any Hispunic women in old daughter," shc says before leaving for hung around with the white kids and authority. She said: 'Well, I knew a her nexl class. "1 don't wanl her 10 have adopted Iheir values were the ones that secretary .. .' " a life like mine." J8 White Fright (CootiRUti! from h~ 17) Idaho Attorney General Jim J ones agrees. Kowalski was the prosecuting attorneY in the "'I think (the white separatists) have been hurt SovembeT 1987 trial of four members of The by the public's response; the way communities. Order who were accused of violating the civil and groups like the Kootenai County Task rights of Denver radio personality AJan Berg Force and the Northwest Coalition have by kIlling tum. Berg was Jewish and an countered this hate mongering. I don 'I think outspoken critic of white separatists, the white supremacists totally expected that," "They're on the run," Kowalski said of tile he says. "With the prosecutions for the [Coeur white separatists: after two of the defendants d' Aiene] bombings and the federal indictments were found guilty, "The major active groups for sedition, I think these groups have been arc not functionaJ anymore," sen~ reeling." "We're on the run, all right:' Butler scoffs, "but more and more people are waking up to daho>S lawmakers have also sent ames· exaooy what he [Kowalski) said: All white sage to the white separatists, Jones adds. people arc on the run. He's an aDti~wbite race I In 1983 the I.egislature passed a bi.ll that traitor; be hates his race. upgraded "malicious harassment" from a "Our enemies are not the Jews, not the misdemeanor to a felony. and in the last blacks, not the Mexicans. not the Orientals session it approved a "domestic terrorism" bill , • > Our enemies are of cur own household. that outlaws param11i.tary training, A race that has all power 'Nithin itself can only Has Idaho done enough? be: seduced and deceived by one of its own "I think we've done just about aU we can household. And we have these race traitors from a legislative standpoint." Jones replies. who have £old out for glory and gold who "From an enforcement standpoint, the ;state make these )dnds of statements, bas also done very well. I think we've taken "He knows just as well as I do that we're effective steps to show that we'll take action not on the run, We're not running from if anybody steps outside the boundaries of the anything," BUller adds. UWe have faced our law. I think maybe we can doa better job from competition lread·on and we win continue a publicity standpoint. I think maybe we need because 'we have truth on our side." to publicize the fact that we don't appreciate having these folks coming in." espite his a.c;sertions, Butler has his own Marilyn Shuler. director of the state's Hif Butler Is legal problems. In February he's sche~ Human Rights Commission, and others have D duled to go on trial in Arkansas with not overlooked a crucial point in this tempest: ccrwlcted, I more than a do~en white~separatist leaders the white separatists' right of free speech. think the charged with sedition. "People have a right to, express themselves," "If Butler is convicted, I think the entire she says. "BUi people also have the right to live entire move movement oould completely dJ.eout in northern free from fear." ment could Idaho," says Larry Broadbent. Kootenai "It's really critical that they have a forum County undersheriff. "I don't think he has in which they can express their views." says completely picked any kind of successor to act in his stead, BSU's Christensen, "beatuse the strength of die out In or at least the individuals he has named as a democr~ is embedded in the concept that northern possible successors will not carry the same the smallest voice has the opportunity to speak charisma. I think the group will just melt back in the pub-lie arena - no, matter how weird or Idaho." tOl0 the woodwork." unacceptable their views may be. The point is Aiong with the Kootenai County Task Forte the arena must be open. howe\'er much hate, on Human Relations, Broadbent has played a compassion or love we want to express." major role In the effort to counteract the white-. "We have to allow for the expression of sepllrllu$t movement in the state. Since then, ideas, no matter how offensive or repugnant more Idahoans have mobilized in response to they afe to most of us," Shuler adds. "We the Aryan Nations' activities, A conference can't put a fence around our border." held by !.he Northwest Coalition Against What does the future hold for white Malicious Harassment in Coeur d' Alene last separatists in Idaho? October is an example. Minority groups, law Shuler says racism wiIJ aiwaY5 be with U$ - enforcement and stale officials, and other but in a different form. "People with these concerned individuals attended tbe three extreme views will usemuch more sophisticated day conference. More than 150 groups are techniques." she comments. "We're seeing members of the coalition, which was formed things like videotapes on public ru.;cess televi· in April 1987. "I think the people ofIdaho sjon and radio shows. The message of hate is have answered the challenge of racial and still there. but not ""ith white sheets or burning religious harassment very well." says: crosses; it's much more .5.ubtle. The next Broadbent. generation of racists will be very smooth," 0 39 19505 pal'lnel WIth Arthur Andersen & Co .. an accou"hng /lrm i" Do"ald Msypole lAA, '54) 80'se has prHfmted lectures on larry l. Johllso" (Account Uniled Slates substance abuse InglEcooomlCs, '18) was pro coFllrOl poliCIes in Scotlarld, Por· moted 10 manager 01 pl(ln"ing tugal, IIno Egypl He Is the and product development lor Olrector 01 the Oepal1ment 01 the publiShIng and packag'ng Soclat Work at the UnIversity 01 paper diVISIon of Bolsa Cascade M,nnesota, OuhJth CorporallOn in BoIse We"dy T. Har1man (BM, '79) 19605 completed her MME at Ihe Sally G, Allred tBBA. Unlvelslty of West Vlrgloia in BUSiness Educallo", '69) was MorganlOw" a"d retumed to her named idahO BUSiness Teacher posItIon teach,"g 8111"gs al oltha Year by Ihe IdaM North JUnior High School BUSiness Educators AsSOCIation Michael Ba""i"V (BS. She laught at Melldia" HIgh Criminal JustICe, 79) has com School 101 the past t 7 y9rs pleled mountain warfare traln.ng before her 118"sler thiS year 10 IIIith the tsl manne diVISIOn at the new CentennIal H'gh School Camp PendeltOl1, Calo! Barbar. l. Oldenburg {BM. Charge it and Bol .. Stale beneht•. That is the message directors near Meridl',", '79' teaches choral mUSIC althe Dyke Nally, Alumni Association. and Bob Madden, Bronco Athletic new Centenmal HIgh School Association, are laking to Ihelr members this IIIinler. Through the 1970s "ew "aHi"lty catd" program, BSU tecelves a perce"tage whe" you Joh" R. Jorgenson IBBA 19805 purchase or UN the special BSU Award MaslerCard Issued by Idaho '73) has completed the Supply First National Bank. For more 1"lormallo" about the cards, true blue NoncommiSSioned Oillcers Mike Dollon (Cllmmal a"d orange BrofloCOS can CO"lact the alum"i or BAA oltices. leadershIp Course In Leleune, Jusllce. '80)15 now exacuhve Chuck Schou.. phc>lo NC dlf8Clor of the Breckemldge Timothy Mink (8A, Com Colo Resort Chamber 01 munlCahon. '73) is the new Commerce pastor at the American Falls Ge"e Ha"zlik (PhYSical Hall of Fame adds 6 UnIted Church 01 Chrlsi and the EducattOnfSc1ence, '81) was named Caldwell teacher of the Joe Aliotti, Dr. John B. Barnes, David Hughes, Frank Tever Rockland Conglegatlo"al Church yeal lor t987. He has laughl 011 baugh, Kevin Wood and Rolly Woolsey are the newest selec Ke"dra Falen ("77) gladuated Uncoln School lor the past tions to the Boise State University AthletiC Hall 01 Fame. from the Alm.,-s Combined seve" years The six will be inducted on Feb t9, and recognized al halhlme Arms and ServIces staff school Jackie Va., Paegeghem (BS, of the BSU-ISU baskelball game on Feb 20. al Fol'l Leavenswonh. Kan She Music EduCallo".8t) sa"g the Alloni played quar1erback lor Ihe Bronco football team in IS no.... stahoned al the For8lgn !IIle role 01 Ha"sel In the Boise 1979-80, leading lhe squad to a 20-4 record, including the 1980 Scieoce and Technology Center Opera Company produCllOn 01 nalional Championship He re<:elvee! AII-Amenca honors In bolh In Charlottesville. Va Engelbert Humperdlnck's opera hiS junior and senior years, William "Bill" Scherer (BSA. "Hansel and Gretel" Jerftyn Tracedes ('8t) IS Barnes was presidenl 01 Boise State from 1967-n and was AviatIOn Management, '78) was appotnled to the posllion 01 IIIorkmg In the New Plymouth the QUldlng lorce in the plannIng, development and buildIng 01 !lIght coordInator fOI Turbo All area as a kindergarten teacher the majority ollhe current athletiC facilities al BSU. DUring hiS Inc. m BoIse Larry Haney (SA, Accounhng 10-year presidency, Dr, Barnes led BSU inlo Ihe Big Sky Con Mike Gantz (SA. Elementary '81) was promoled to VICe- ference, rebuilt Bronco Stadium. establlshee! the Bronco AthletiC Educauo". '78) 15 teach'ng pre51demltreasurer 01 DlCkinsOl1 Association, bulilihe UniverSity Club scholarshIp bOle and con chemIstry, physICS and phYSICal Frozen Foods, IflC In FrulUand ducted a feaSibility study lor the BSU Pavihon. Now retiree!, Dr. 9Clen~ al McCall DonneUy High Phil Har1mao (BM, '8t) Barnes lives in Boise. School completed his MME at the Hughes was a running back dUring t9n-80. He was drafted Kim lo"gstrolh (8A, Etemen U"iversity 01 West Vilginla m Morgantown and has accf'pted in 1981 by Ihe Saaltle Seahawks and played live years belore lery EducatIOn. '78) is leaching first grade m New Plymouth, the poslllO" 01 diractor of bands finishing his career In 1986 With the Pittsburgh Steelers. Brian A, Larso., IBS, al the new Cenlennlal HIgh T everbaugh was one 01 Ihe few four-spor1 athletes to ever PhYSICal Education. '78) Is School compete lor the Broncos, Competing lor BJe Irom 1951-53, he teachl"g English and health at Joh" 0, Mosby (85. Math, lettered in football, baskelbaJl, baseball and track. Teverbaugh Lewtston HIgh School '83) '5 worlung for Siemens now lives In the TfI-Cities area of Washington. where he has been lane C. MaroU (SA, A.G In MUnich, Wast Germeny a coach lor several years, Psychology. '78) was selected doing research and prototypmg Wood was a member of the Bronco wrestling team from for a Illature anlCle InclusIOn in 01 objec1-oflenled data base 1979-82. He won Big Sky Championships in 1979, 'SO and '82. WhO's Who in Amallcan Mal'l.al syslems Arts He IS currently InstructIng David O. Simmons (BA. In Woolsey lettered tn lootball and track. Playing on the 1972-74 mal'lial erts In Rell-burg formallon Sclence. '83) has lootbailleams, he slartee! at both safety and cornerback. He later Rober1 p, Carlile (B8A, been plomoted In the US played lor the Dallas Cowboys and SaaUle Seahawks. 0 Accounhng, '78) he, beCOme a Almy to the rank 01 captain. '" Pam J. Wardle (BA. EIemen FrIld A. Wmdal (BBA, and English. math and ICIence in Hansen.. wry Education, '83) was chosen Anance. 'M) is an arHca AI1I"IIe ..,.,. (BS, Health Karen L.et.I (M1IdIcaI as the '987 rectpient of the manager at S1andard Procesa Science, '87) ilia lab technician Recoms '87) it'Mrtlng III the New Jersey GtlYemor's Labormories in 8eHevua, Wah.. at SI. Lulie's Re;Ional Medical UniVenlity of UWt HoapiIBl in Teaching Rec:o!rIItion Awem. Chllrlene IIuUIn (SA, Canter in Boise. Salt lake City. Sn. i. now 'MChWlg .t River Elementary Eduatlon, '88) ia Tan,. K. Johneon (85, Math De\'Id Pdnce (eM, '81) Ie view EIernent.fy Sc:hooI In INChing klndergartan lor VIe EmJcsI:Ion, '87) is teaching mlllh leactung music in the public Waahington, D.C. 8uhl Schoof District. and scienca at Sugar-Sa6em KItoofa In ~. IllcMelIIontet.n.1te (B8A, Kevin S. WII80n (BA, High School in Rexburg. J .... K. """M (BS, ~ent, '84) .... pro. EngIiah, 'eel was IlIlmad IN Brent OM ('87) is teaching Biology, '87) .. In 1M master's lftOtecl to Eastern area manager Idaho winnei' in the PhIllIP over marketing and salea lor Morris Magazine _y Morrison-Knudson Co., R8IIroed competition, Division In New Yorio;. Steft a.. (BRA. Kent T. BurtdwrdI (BBA, I~ 8usiness, '86) is teaching We stand corrected tonnatlon Sc:Mrce, '14) h.. bwneu III CouncIl t-IgIl Oops, we made a mmake. In the lWmr'ti Il8W8 section d the School plolated trom tM 1nkwm.t1on raft Is8ue '11M MId L.awrenoe Smith grwl.lal8d •• e&\ In 'W83. system offioer COUI'88 al Kessler .10M ~ ('88)'" We had the year correct, but Mr. Smlth ...wItt to ftIiIWnd ua Air' Foroe e... In WlI' 'ppi, prcm:ud 10 PIoIbIic re.IIIIioMI Elk ...aeon ('84) received his mar1cadng coordinator tot ~ he graduated wKh II degree to English, ncJl business. ;am. docIofaIs deg/1Mt "om the Northern EnoinMrirlO arid Writing with a style that would make his ,... menton! proud, Uni¥astl, of Denver, College of Testing Inc. in BalM. ttW8 I. what he told u.: Law. Mich_ ..... (MartIMklg. "WIlMe I hllV9 nothing against the busln ... depaftment,.my Stave CounWr (BM, '84) It '88) i. ~ ... satee alleglaoce 10 the foIka In the English cMptWtIfl«1t C8USIS me to the n_ instrumental mualc repr•• "Ultive AI DIck OoqneMJ wince in anguish at this misstatement .. I Might wince ff caught director at Meridi.-l High l.InccXn Mltrcury Co, In SolIe.. publicly adYocating the qualities of apudI fIoom Mein" Sc_. T.cI TalGrica (SM, 'lie) .. IN "By gradualion I had neither heard d II baklnce .heeI: nor f!NI!Jf heed cf the music depemMnt OofIna Hlgel (SM, '85) read TM Ytall Stre8t JouIl1lJ/. Inuad, I ha:t honed my teaclMlt rrwelc at 11'1& Nez P.rce III Weridian High 8.:hooI...... public schoOl&. he dinK:t8 the choral PfOOI"II'\ und~ of literature, Nm, philosophy and Ffeneh, and ap. Dennta Baal1nellan ('15) 1& and teacfles Spanish. peared headed, like soma of my c\assmat85., foI a desutl'ofy !!'Ie administrative superviKlf lot SUnny SmM (E'-mertary c:areer in the di&hwa8hing branch of the rood aervice tndustry AlA 8ancard SeMen In Education, '81) ill iMchlng third •.. Please, I beg 'fOO, publish a oonvcUon 80 thai 008 of BoIse Lewlaton. grade III 8ett..\Je ElemenbtrJ SCale's proudest alumni might safely return home," ReI AMp. (Compuler Infonna ...... ,. Consider It dona. By the way, Mr. Smith graduated h'om Duke bOn '85) wu rwcantty protI'IO&ed _T_(WA. UniYersity with a law dagfee in 1986 and I'IOIf worb tn Colum to dMa pl'OC'8alng programmer! RNdInIiJIEducation. '51) .a.ted bus, Ohio, for one of the largest law firms in the worJct. Now thai W'II!IIpI.t the IdahO State Tax dcdonId ClOUI1!ieWOI'k at indllnl, he admits to "more than paasing acqu.atrwane. with barbenll, Commission In Boise. Unjy~, Btoomlngla'l 1ft o.bbM Clvi8tIan (aBA, languaga ackIcMion. razors and silk ties, nat to mention baiance.tJeeb and The ~ Business, '85) is teachIng MIIry olD I'IkIIC*hV ("' Sll'flllll Journal," he should r881 easy kl"lOWir'CJ WI wOl be in 10uch buainMa and vocational educe Elementary Education, '81) Ie dur1ng future funO.raIslng campaigns. 0 tb1 .. payaae HiOh School. teaching Ittn ~ at.....,. DMoId WOIID"I (binns, '85) was promoted '" data pr0- ...... H. IIruwn • tBBA, cessing specialist III find woriw 8uaineIs, '81)""""'" is a ... aa e systems an...,. !of Stab -r8pi_adiVt far I I." Join the '8' Club e Farm Insuranoa Corporate """""_ .. SolI ..... QIy. An athletic support group consisting &ronco leRat HlMIdquar1enl In Bloominglon, lori GwttotMn (SA. E1ernen of former VI. Iary Educedon, '87) is 18ac1Wn{J winners has been e!ltablishad by the BM. .... Moms (SM, '85) ia tirat grecle at BItIIewe 8emerl• The purposes 01 the new Varsity "B" Club are 10 keep Jetter teaching music In the Potlatch ,..,SchooI. winners informed about the current alNetlc program and 10 pr0- public school&...... L. Tate (BBA. At> vide activities to reunite former teammates, Jim Ba... ,.... (MA. Art counllng, '87) is ~ with Benetits wid Include e membership plaque, special lOCker room Education, '85) recently had hill Antw.K Anderaen 80 Co., a Boise reports, membership In fOOCbaJ('s 5th 0uat1ef ChJtt, and baaket· palntinga exhibited in the Diego accounting firm. ball'51 Pavilion Club. In San Francisco. Galif. TamMy AocM-..h (8&, GaIIett The organization is trying to lOCate former Bronco .... RIdgftt*Y (BS, PIty*ai Mathematica, '81) Ia tMoting new Eduoetion, '85) Is teaching math at Munausjl High School. athletas. Those interested in the club, Of wflt1lnfonnation aboLII: earth and life I1CiefJce at Robert Edith DKMr (9A, Com former letter Mnoers, may fill out ancl return the form below 01 Stuart Jr, High School In Twin municationlEnglWt. '87) it contact the BAA Qffice directly at 385-3556 01386-1781. Falis. 8f1f'IjIed in the 1tIaSIaf'. pro LaUr'll L. ~ (8uair)ess, gram In the School Df Jour. '85J W88 promoted II) ma.nager naHem, University of Oregan. Name' ______of the Pocatallo branch ot Idaho Ve6erie tid (eA, EIemMIaty Fn NatiOnal Bri. EdLCation, '87) is teechino se ~ J. Barna (SA. Com cond grlIde klr the PII)9Ite Addresa: munk;:allon, '85) has ~18.11 School~. her tnUWlr's degllla in apMCh Eklld HelMy (BBA, Finance, City, ______St ... ' ___Z1P' ___ communication at the Unl-..r3ily '87) is working VI Oklahoma tot Sports & Years Lettered: ______cf Washington. FDIC .. an &Mist.,. tMnk NIIncy II, Mi:tl'lloM (BA, eurniner. English, '8e) Ie atnpIoyed ss tn. F.... J. Heinq: (MA, communication director for the ReadIng, '87) is em~ at Building Contrtlct.OI1I AesoeieClon Lepera Junior High SeI'IooI in ot Southwestern Idaho in 8cUe. PariuM'. Aril. teaohlng fMding 4' Alums join law review On Leaving Tehran Adam Afflick (English, writing emphasis. '87) and Kenneth By Glenn Oakley Jorgenson (political SCience, '86) were recently accepted onlO the staft of Brigham Young University Law Review. AMUck was he Iranian official looked across at the young chosen based on an article he submitted to the review. He was Abolfazle Mohammadi. "So, you want to go to school picked as one of three students out of a field of 80 who submit Tin America," he said, "Would you like to go to a big ted articles. Jorgenson was chosen for his academic standing school or a small school?" in the top 10 percent of his class. Both will write and edit ar Mohammadi thought briefly, then answered, "A smaller ticles for the periodical. The Law Review IS published by 8YU's law school and covers practice. theory and re<::enl developments school." The official opened his large book, peered into in law. It has 650 subSCribers around the country, including the pages and then looked up at Mohammadi. "How judges, private practitioners and law schools. would you like to go to Oregon?" Mohammadi knew Oregon was in the western United States, but little else. He certainly had never heard of Braithwaite selected Ontario, are. Neither had the ticket agents at Kennedy International Rex Braithwaite (BBA '76) has been named state executive Airport in New York City, who assumed the Iranian student director for the Agricultural Stabilization and Conservation Ser was mistaken and meant Ontario, Canada, or possibly vice, a branch of the U.S. Department of Agriculture. Braithwaite supervises a staff of 169 located in Idaho county Ontario, Calif. oflices and 18 in the state headquarters. But Mohammadi was adamant and managed to arrive He began his career with the ACS in 1956, and has managed in the eastern Oregon town on a hot September day in offices in Elmore, Blaine and Gem counties. Alter receiving his 1970. He earned a degree in mathematics at Treasure degree from BSU he was named district director lor Magic Valley Valley Community College, then went to Northwest and in 1981 came to the state office as a program specialist. Nazarene College where he earned a bachelor's in The ASC is responsible for a variety of federal agricultural pro engineering mathematics. After one year of working for grams, including set-asides, commodity loans and conservation Morrison-Knudsen in Boise, Mohammadi returned to his reserves. hometown of Tehran, going to work for the Ministry of Higher Education, where his father before him had Alumni Association fees due worked. Alumni AsSocIation membership dues, which are based on Mohammadi continued to work during the beginning of Ihe calendar year. are available for renewal. The individual rate the revolution, with machine-gun fire echoing in the city is $15, with alumni couple dues totalling $25. For more informa streets. When "things went sour" Mohammadi and his tion and applications contact the Alumni Office, (208) 385-1959. Idaho native wife returned to Boise in 1980, He enrolled in the master of business administration program at Boise Former BJC professor dies State University, pursuing his studies throughout the Iranian hostage crisis. Former professor Harold "Hal" Wennstrom, 72, died Nov. 7 in Boise. An educator all his life, he taught theatre arts at Boise e prefers not to discuss Iranian politics - family Junior College in the 1940s and helped organize the Boise Ut members remain in Tehran. But he notes that with 1 tie Theatre. In 1956 he moved to Torrance, Calif., where he H taught and was dean of fine arts at EI Camino College. 0 million Iranians killed in the Iran/Iraq war, "Iran is already being punished." program at Western Washington Ripley, Doorn & Co. In Nampa. (Chemistry, '87) accepted a cIoc1orai program In philosophy University studying marine cathy Sor~ (SA. Eh~mlln· graduate leaclWlg aMlstMt&hip at the Univ~ty 01 Rochester. zoology. He also has a leaching tary Educallon, 'S7) is a sixth and research fellowship in Holly Colwell (AS. Medical assistantship. grade teacher at Jackson chemiSlry Irom CoIumbie RecOfds, '87) is employed With Kevin Perron (SA. Manage Elementary In Boise Univ8fSity. the profeSSional review O(98nl ment. 'S7) is employed with the Donald L. GIlmer (SA. Jan C. Saxton (AS, Radio- zalion as a medical review Hansen School District teaching Crlmmal Justice, '81) IS working logiC Technology, '87) 1$ a analyst in Boise English, speech, reading and as a Canyon County depuly studem at MSTI '" the r~ion JKk Long (BA, Elemenlary Spanish sheriff m Middleton. therapy program In Boise, Educallon, 'S1) is teaching th ird JOin Moorhead (MS. Hor Leland Kent Fn. (8S. Stephen Wlngett (MA, grade at Muk.ilteo Elementary ticulture, 'S7) IS working as a PhySical Education. '87) IS Education, '87) Is seMnsJ as the School in Washington lIorist lor Albertson's in 8oise. workmg on a masler's degree in SOCial studies department head Karen Toal (BBA. Marketing, Paul Johnson (Philosophy, exercise science al Washington and a teacher at l.aka Huel '87) is employed in Boise with 'S7) was awarded a graduate State University. Middle School in Meridian. Elgin Syferd/Drak.e as an schoo! lellowship. He is enrolled Cliff &!oyer (85. Biology. 'S7) Adem AfftIck (SA. EngliSh, account a!Slstanl in the docloral program at is a lab techniCian in the 'S7) is attending Brighlm Young Sytvle Watters (BM. '87) is Michigan Slate UnivI,",Slty. research and development Univ&fSity's Law Schoo' in teaching music in the elemen. Sherry GM-Tuilla (8M, '87) depar1ment 01 the 80lse Provo, UtaI'!. tary schools in Mountain Home. is teaching music In Ihe Kuna Veterans Medical Center Mm KeubnIn (8M. '87) is public SChools. Therua Snodgraas (8A, teaching muSiC in lhe pubtic Weddings Ricky Basterrechea Elementary Education. 'S7) is a schools in Yoncalla. Ore. (Accounting. 'S7) passed the math teacher al Bickel Elemen Hud Hudeon (Philosophy. Karen Oakes alld Michael CPA examination and ls work tary in Twin Falls. '81) W8$ awarded a graduale RiggIn (Oregon) May 30 In9 as a slall accountant with ar.g DnpopoulM school IeHowlhip. H9 IS in the Scott Crtner and Kim Holtry 42 Alumni Association to honor distinguished alumni Members of the Alumni Association are urged to forward nominations for distinguished alumni of Boise State University to the Alumni Office. 1910 Uni\lsrsity Dr., Boise 10 83725. A committee consisting of alumni, faculty and community representatives will screen nominees and present them to the Alumni Board of Directors for final selection. The distinguished alumni awards will be presented at the annual Top Ten Scholars banquet this spring. Recipients will be selected lor professional achievement and service. Please forward names of nominees to the alumni office; biographical information would also be appreciated. BSU alum Abollazle Mohammadi Glenn Oakley photo Distinguished Alumni Award Nommee's Name~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Mohammadi himself has suffered the recriminations of Last First some Americans who blamed all Iranians for the actions of the Khomeini regime. He stresses that his attackers MidcBe Initial (Maiden) were in the minority and he has always had "a lot of Address Telephone ~ ______wonderful friends here." "But, let's put it this way," he says with a smile, "I was City State Zip ___~ available." An Iranian friend was punched in the face, his nephew in Boise had sugar poured in his gas tank. Even Year graduated/attended today, Mohammadi says "automatically there is a negative feeling" when strangers learn he is from Iran. Degree/Major Mohammadi's government, however, is now the U.S. government. He has become a U.S. citizen and works as Name of Nominator First Last a data processing manager for an agency that could not Address Telephone ~ ______exist in Iran - the State Liquor Dispensary. "If you drink any kind of alcohol over there you receive 80 lashes," he City State Zip ___ ~ notes. Mohammadi says he believes in the adage, "When in Rome, do as the Romans do." Still, he retains much of his Persian culture. A practicing Moslem, he says the lack of a Boise mosque is not an insurmountable barrier. "If you're in the m iddle of the desert, you can pray," he says. And he remains in contact with family and friends in Iran. He and his w ife made a return visit to Tehran in 1986. 0 (Kentucky) July 11 Makulen (Boise) Aug. 15 Tanya K. Pillman and Ruben Duren (Hazelton) Oct. 17 Andrew G. Webster and Steven D. Jac:kaon and a.ona (Nampa) ~. 12 Kevin W. Booe and Andrea Oakopolos (Ketchum) Sarah N. Jorgensen, Aug 16 Nadim Madl and Kara Stephanie Eddy (Borse) Oc!. 24 July 18 Marti. P. Holieron and Spencer (Boise) Sept. 19 Jonette Hrntacutan and Greg Mark Fereday and G. Joy MeryLynne Tonkin (Boise) Kelly John Troutt and Darnell (Portland) Nov 7 Glbaon (BOise) July 25 Aug 22 Susanne RI90S (Caldwell) Thomas Halvorson II and GeoHrey Smoke and Bridget Gary K. Mingus and Heather Sept 19 Leslie Rolle (BOise) Nov 14 T. Shlgeta (Boise) Aug . 1 Ooley (Eagle) Aug. 22 Rooen Flagg and Kendal! Dirk Haas and Patty Gabica Ron Schlmbke and Tiffany Louise Thurston (Washington) (Boise) Aug. 1 Walls (Boise) Aug. 22 Sept. 19 Deaths Cathleen E. Harrold and Mark Mar1l W. Schutter and Ruth Jarry M. Giese and Jull. Lowell E. Carpantar ('37) K. Curtis (Nampa) Aug 7 A. While (BOise) Aug. 22 Thayer (Boise) Sept. 20 died Oec. 2. He worked as an KIISII Hardisty and Ron Abet Phillip Openshaw and Keith A. Haa. and Laurie A. electronic technician lor the (Boise) Aug. 8 Mishel1e Fo.ter (California) Collins (SeatUe) Oct. 3 Federal Aviatron Admrnlstratlon. Curt Chandter and Karen Aug. 27 H. Edward Rrng and Dis,.. Robert C. Sarne«, (BA. Peterson (Boise) Aug. 14 P.trick Roartl. and T.m.r.h Grava. (Boise) Oct. 10 Education) a special educatron Drew Wilson and Suz.nne Spaulding (Anaheim, Calif.) Clyde Montgomery and teacher lor several years. died Weeks (BOise) Aug. 15 Aug. 29 Wendy Dunton (Bar.. ) Oct. 16 Nov. 8 Angie K. Jortling and Jerry Connie A. Rowe and Tony C. David w. Morris and lon1 Shallna Hili Rand (BA , L. Nelson (LongView. Wash.) e ..... n. (Nampa) Sept. 5 Tsllman (BHlings, Moo!.) Accountrng, '80) died Dcl 12 in Aug. 15 M.r1I O. Miller and Juliet Oc!. 17 Seattle. She was the vice John A Lewis and Deen. M. Garrell (BOise) Sept. 5 "-rtI. NUloil and laA.. president-controller of United P.tmer (BOise) Aug 15 Kevin L. K.,e and Jan. M. WI .." (Boise) Oct. 17 Security Mortgage Co. at the Shannon Criner and Delon Stokes (Boise) Sept. 12 John G. AMd and Oee Dee time of her death. 43 ~lte noise Stote Universitu ']ollndntio/1, Jne. Committed to Providing Opportunities for Excellence Through Private Support Send your tax-deductible contribution to: The BSU Foundation, 1910 Univenity Drive, Boite. Idaho 83725 44 Boise State's Bahamian Connection • • 2 AU-Americans give a big lift to track program • • Lawrence, lett, and Ke mp are all smites when it comes to ta tk lng track. Chuck Scheer pholo By Bob Evancho Jacoby, the Broncos' veteran track coach athletes. It's a competiti ve situation, and who is considered one of the top high we're competitive. OU could say Troy Kemp and jump instructors in the Counlry. " From that point, I still feel an obliga Wendell lawrence, Boise Stale's '" really wantct1to gct hooked up with tion to the American kid - and the Idaho Y two Bahamian track AIl-Ameri a good coach," Kemp says, "and Jake kid. But I think that when you look at this cans, arrived here by leaps and bounds. Jacoby Ithe coach's sonl had just won the from a larger perspective yo u realize Thanks to his gravity-defying ability 10 NCAA high jump championship at Boise [foreign st udent-athletes] have a lot to leap high. Kemp. a high jumper. earned State that year (1984]. That really in offer our culture as we'll. whether they're an athletic scholarship to BSU in 1984. fluenced me and made me want to come from the Bahamas. Israel or anyplace else. The same goes for fellow senior lawrence, here evcn more." If yO'l have a goocl blend of people it's a who can bound with the best of them in For Lawrence. the decision to attend good educational situation." the triple jump. Boise State was somewhat different. In keeping wilh this FOCUS issue's "Coach Jacoby also offered me a scholar emp and Lawrence have enhanced theme of minorities in Idaho, we decided ship," he recalls, "but I also had a K that situation. " We recruit personali to feature Boise Stale's foreign All· scholarship offer to the University of ties as well as talent." Jacoby says. "We Americans - shot-putter and discus Arkansas. and the University o f Florida don't want an athlete who isn', compatible thrower Sieve Muse, a New Jersey native, also talked to me. But I talked to OIher with our situation. Troy and Wendell are is the Broncos' third returning AIl Bahamians and I was told the conditions excellent representatives of their American - and get their thoughts on of prejudice [in Arkansas] are pre-tty bad. homeland ... Idaho, where life is considerably different Also, I didn't really want to go to a big Both Kemp and Lawrence hope to com than in their Caribbean homeland. sc hool. so I decided to come to the smaller pete for the Bahamas in the Seoul Olym It would seem the racial imbalance be school and went to Boise State." pics this summer. Kemp, who is majoring tween Idaho and the Bahamas would be in communication with a business minor one of the most striking contrasts, but it emp and Lawrence are two of eight • 'could emerge as one of the top high hardly matters, they say . K Bahamian track athletes (five women jumpers in the world," sayS Jacoby. As youngsters growing up in the and three men) who are on this year's After winning the 1987 Big Sky indoor Bahamas, Kemp and Lawrence never Bronco teams. The succes... ful recruitment and outdoor championships, Kemp fin thought about racial prejudice. And they of Kemp and LawrenCt' helped Ed Jacoby ished third in both the NCAA indoor and still don't. establi sh his pipeline to the Bahamas. And outdoor meets to earn All-America honors " Where we come from, we don't have with the likes of the two AU-Americans in both sports. He took second in the Pan to deal with that," says Lawrence, and female standout Sabrina Johnson, American Games in August and has "because the Bahamas are 95-99 percent Boise Statc's Bahamian connection should matched his best jump of7-S¥. four times. black: . " help the Broncos challenge for conference Lawrence, a physical education major "Tourism is our main industry and we and national honors again this year. who plans to teach, also won the Big Sky just treat the tourists. most of whom are A BSU track team dotted with foreign indoor and outdoor titles last year and white, well. We relate to them," adds faces. however. wasn 't always what earned All-America honors in the NCAA Kemp. "We've experienced the same Jacoby had in mind. indoor meet with a 54-2!1.z effort - good situation here in Boise - we've been " If things were equal, we would want for si)l.th place. treated very well ." the majority of our people coming from "He is very astute and analyzes the Kemp, who had scholarship offers from Idaho," Jacoby says. "After all, Ihis is an sport bctter than J do," Jacoby says of Penn State. Florida and Boston Univer Idaho institution. But what we found in Lawrence. "He's very good at what he sity, says the main reason he selected Boise taking this philosophy is that you can't does and he will become a great State was to hone his skills under Ed compete with people who have foreign coach." 0 " Having A Ball Fans find winning is only half the fun/ By Larry Bllrke seat bellows out the "Boise" half of thc "Boise---State" chant, using vocal chords that must ache for days. member Ihe old line anoul Boise not being a basketball At halftime, the movements of thc Mane Line Dancers bring town? That was the common rap when the Broncos concession sales to a stanustill, and the pep band plays a smooth R tTuggled through losing seasons and crowds were so selection of songs from the big band era. It's all classy, very sparse you could hear the ball bounce. classy. No more. This season the Broncos ... the oncs who play And, of course, there is the "Burger State" banner hanging with the round ball ... are the hottest act in town. What they've from the balcony, there to confirm that a litt le self-interest proven, really. is that Boise is a town that loves a winner, makes for a more noisy fan, especially if the opponent has 45 regardless of the shapt' of thc ball. points with two minutes left. Even before mid-season, the As they say, nothing succeeds like success. FOCUS goes to Under 50 club (free burger and Frosty if the Broncos hold an print with the Broncos 15-1, near the top in national defensive opponent to under 50 points) sponsored by Wendy's was one statistics and leading the conference in attendance. of Boise's most popular organizations, with 51,140 happy Bronco fans aTC finding Qut that with the right ambiance, members heading for post-game meals courtesy of coach Bobby a common basketball game can turn into a happening where Dye's "Burger Defense." the fans entertain cach other. Through all this, Boise fans are turning into some of the best For those who grew up with Bronco Gym, the transforma in the league. (Montana's beer-throwing rowdies don't count tion is remarkable. True, games in the old gym had their own because they behave like they're at a rodeo.) Rare is the game intimate charm, but today the scale in the Pavilion is obviously when BSU 's fans now sit on their hands~ They especially different. For some games, student attendance alone is morc understand and appreciate Dye's belly-up style of defense that than the capacity of Bronco Gym. makes a 47-44 win over Idaho just as exciting as a 105-99 game More seems to be happening now. Just like on national TV, of racehorse. by golly, students with hcads painted blue and orange mug for Taken together, what this all means is that Boise State is local cameras. BSU's tiny Greek row, led by the wacky Gamma making the transition to tradition that occurred in football Sigs, are leading the brigade of student towel wavers. Once in during the Lyle Smith era. True, Boise is a long way from being a while, the crowd even does an organized cheer, especially like an Indiana or North Carolina. when led by the baritone of Jack Harvey. who from his parquet But getting there is sure fun. 0 Photos by Chuck Scheer The Vanishing Majority By lohn H. Kei.~,..r President, Boise StDte Uni\'ersity If the family is 10 be preserved, a father must prefer his children 10 those of Dlhers, and, if a nation is to be presen'cd , e the in a country characterized by the belief that truth its cilizens musl ha\e a reason for similar choices. The family, is reI alive and by a modern commitment to equality of course, has been undenninoo by relativism and openness, and W which has replaced the inalienable natural rights the nalion ... . We are open to and IOlerant of c1osedness, of philosophy. once the accepted grounds for a free American intolerance, of blandness instead of a desire 10 umJcrSland and society. The old view provided a common ground for un it)', but possess a common goal. How can we expect it 10 be adopted the !lew openness accepts all men, all cultures, alllifeslyies. all by the world jf we cannot adopt it oursdves? ideologies without judgment. Is it any wonder that there is ftO I very much respect a student who says he believes something longer a shared vision of goah or of Ihe public good? because his parents do, for il is better than sim ply rejecting tradi NOI only is an agreed definition of Americanism or American tion, or believing tradition consists !>Olely of information. or purpose impossible. but e ... en the negati ... e certaint y that blto having no reasoned position at all. Those who proudly relieve a congressional commiuee on unAmericanism seems remote. The us of our prejudices with nothing to replace them with or who Founding Fathers' and Abraham Lincoln's unwillingness to eagerly point oul that there is no Santa Claus 10 five-year-olds tokrate the intolerant, the view that made popular sovereignty. without anempting to explain or replace the two thousand years or voting slavery inlO existence in the West unacceptable, .... as of tradition that go with it do civilization a tremendous dissenice. possible under n;lIural righls, but not so under the new open The greatest philosophers and thinkers the world has produced ness. Choices, good over bad, arc limited because the opposite labored a lifetime to recogni ze they knew nothing, but we have of discriminate is indiscriminateness. produced a youth culture whose members recognize it imme The conscious business of the last half cent ury has been to diately and have lost thc desire to search. destroy the culture, traditions, and tastes of the majority, to That sea rch, the great questions. the need 10 experience essen create a nation of minorities each folio" ing it s own inclinations. tial being. the need to seek out and express a common goal, the The Constitution was .... rillen to create a national majority '>lith quest for a community of man based on a shared desire for Iruth guarantees that it be unable to destroy fundamental rights. The is what brought the Founding Fathers 10 author their great definition and the idea of a majority as it existed in the 18th cen documcnts. Our fale will depend upon that community per tury has been overturned to protect minorities or factions. as miuing and fostering individual exam ples of strengt h and wisdom Ihe authors of the Feder.1/isf P:Jpers intended t(l call them. The supponed by a resurrected majority rather than by a host of Constitution does nOI guarantee the rights of Catholics, Jews, minorilies OJ factions. Mormons, blacks, ydlows or whites bUI rather of individual Scribbling out an essay related 10 the theme of this issue of human bein~. That is no longer good enough for the dominant FOCUS in this fashion, the way a teacher might discuss it, seems relativists among us. to me to underl ine the real need for and purpose of a univer As an historian, I do not believe cultures are re lative, that one sity. It comes from reading Allan Bloom's, The Closing of Ihe is as good as another. The reason for studying other cu ltures American "'''ind, and il comes from being asked too often to is to discover what is good or whal is bad about each and which su bslitute so-called "values" and "commitment," subject to do nOI deserve our respect. If each is as good as the other, then negotiation, for what was once phrased in terms of good and there should be no reason to reject the imposition of the Ger evil, not negotiable. A majorit)' approach is impossi ble in a man, Japanese, Russian or Chinese cultures on the United States. society which accepts the relativism of truth and openness and I do nOI deny the strengths of any nation or group, but only see therefore can not set priorities or make critical judgments. Con it as critical to reassert our own. In America the esscnce of justice, sidered philosophically, I am convinced the debate on "ilderness, the story of thc nation, its soul which is clearer than that of any on power, on nuclear proliferation would have a different out other nation. is the unmistakable progress of freedom and equal come than if considered only politically or economically. The ity as stated by Ihe authors of the Constitution and the Declara quick economic fix is the essence of openness. of moral lion of Independence. But the unit) provided by thai heritage rel ativism, of negotiated values. Those questions and others must as ori ginally understood has broken up into self-conscious groups be considered philosophically, by an informed majority, within no longer concerned with a com mon goa l and that purpose is a university framework, if truly just decisions on Ihem are to in danger of being losl. be reached. 0 47 $500,000 Economic Action Fund Thanks, Idaho ---_---... -