Localization and Broadband Follow-Up of the Gravitational-Wave Transient GW150914

LJMU Research Online

Abbott, BP, Ackley, K, Adams, C, Adams, T, Addesso, P, Adhikari, RX, Adya, VB, Affeldt, C, Agathos, M, Agatsuma, K, Aggarwal, N, Aguiar, OD, Aiello, L, Ain, A, Ajith, P, Allen, B, Allocca, A, Altin, PA, Anderson, SB, Anderson, WG, Arai, K, Araya, MC, Arceneaux, CC, Areeda, JS, Arnaud, N, Arun, KG, Ascenzi, S, Ashton, G, Ast, M, Aston, SM, Astone, P, Aufmuth, P, Aulbert, C, Babak, S, Bacon, P, Bader, MKM, Baker, PT, Baldaccini, F, Ballardin, G, Ballmer, SW, Barayoga, JC, Barclay, SE, Barish, BC, Barker, D, Barone, F, Barr, B, Barsotti, L, Barsuglia, M, Barta, D, Barthelmy, S, Bartlett, J, Bartos, I, Bassiri, R, Basti, A, Batch, JC, Baune, C, Bavigadda, V, Bazzan, M, Behnke, B, Bejger, M, Bell, AS, Bell, CJ, Berger, BK, Bergman, J, Bergmann, G, Berry, CPL, Bersanetti, D, Bertolini, A, Betzwieser, J, Bhagwat, S, Bhandare, R, Bilenko, IA, Billingsley, G, Birch, J, Birney, R, Biscans, S, Bisht, A, Bitossi, M, Biwer, C, Bizouard, MA, Blackburn, JK, Blair, CD, Blair, DG, Blair, RM, Bloemen, S, Bock, O, Bodiya, TP, Boer, M, Bogaert, G, Bogan, C, Bohe, A, Bojtos, P, Bond, C, Bondu, F, Bonnand, R, Boom, BA, Bork, R, Boschi, V, Bose, S, Bouffanais, Y, Bozzi, A, Bradaschia, C, Brady, PR, Braginsky, VB, Branchesi, M, Brau, JE, Briant, T, Brillet, A, Brinkmann, M, Brisson, V, Brockill, P, Brooks, AF, Brown, DA, Brown, DD, Brown, NM, Buchanan, CC, Buikema, A, Bulik, T, Bulten, HJ, Buonanno, A, Buskulic, D, Buy, C, Byer, RL, Cadonati, L, Cagnoli, G, Cahillane, C, Bustillo, JC, Callister, T, Calloni, E, Camp, JB, Cannon, KC, Cao, J, Capano, CD, Capocasa, E, Carbognani, F, Caride, S, Diaz, JC, Casentini, C, Caudill, S, Cavaglià, M, Cavalier, F, Cavalieri, R, Cella, G, Cepeda, CB, Baiardi, LC, Cerretani, G, Cesarini, E, Chakraborty, R, Chalermsongsak, T, Chamberlin, SJ, Chan, M, Chao, S, Charlton, P, Chassande-Mottin, E, Chen, HY, Chen, Y, Cheng, C, Chincarini, A, Chiummo, A, Cho, HS, Cho, M, Chow, JH, Christensen, N, Chu, Q, Chua, S, Chung, S, Ciani, G, Clara, F, Clark, JA, Cleva, F, Coccia, E, Cohadon, P-F, Colla, A, Collette, CG, Cominsky, L, Jr, MC, Conte, A, Conti, L, Cook, D, Corbitt, TR, Cornish, N, Corsi, A, Cortese, S, Costa, CA, Coughlin, MW, Coughlin, SB, Coulon, J-P, Countryman, ST, Couvares, P, Cowan, EE, Coward, DM, Cowart, MJ, Coyne, DC, Coyne, R, Craig, K, Creighton, JDE, Cripe, J, Crowder, SG, Cumming, A, Cunningham, L, Cuoco, E, Canton, TD, Danilishin, SL, D'Antonio, S, Danzmann, K, Darman, NS, Dattilo, V, Dave, I, Daveloza, HP, Davier, M, Davies, GS, Daw, EJ, Day, R, DeBra, D, Debreczeni, G, Degallaix, J, Laurentis, MD, Deléglise, S, Pozzo, WD, Denker, T, Dent, T, Dereli,

http://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/ H, Dergachev, V, DeRosa, RT, Rosa, RD, DeSalvo, R, Dhurandhar, S, Díaz, MC, Fiore, LD, Giovanni, MD, Lieto, AD, Pace, SD, Palma, ID, Virgilio, AD, Dojcinoski, G, Dolique, V, Donovan, F, Dooley, KL, Doravari, S, Douglas, R, Downes, TP, Drago, M, Drever, RWP, Driggers, JC, Du, Z, Ducrot, M, Dwyer, SE, Edo, TB, Edwards, MC, Effler, A, Eggenstein, H-B, Ehrens, P, Eichholz, J, Eikenberry, SS, Engels, W, Essick, RC, Etzel, T, Evans, M, Evans, TM, Everett, R, Factourovich, M, Fafone, V, Fair, H, Fairhurst, S, Fan, X, Fang, Q, Farinon, S, Farr, B, Farr, WM, Favata, M, Fays, M, Fehrmann, H, Fejer, MM, Ferrante, I, Ferreira, EC, Ferrini, F, Fidecaro, F, Fiori, I, Fiorucci, D, Fisher, RP, Flaminio, R, Fletcher, M, Fournier, J-D, Franco, S, Frasca, S, Frasconi, F, Frei, Z, Freise, A, Frey, R, Frey, V, Fricke, TT, Fritschel, P, Frolov, VV, Fulda, P, Fyffe, M, Gabbard, HAG, Gair, JR, Gammaitoni, L, Gaonkar, SG, Garufi, F, Gatto, A, Gaur, G, Gehrels, N, Gemme, G, Gendre, B, Genin, E, Gennai, A, George, J, Gergely, L, Germain, V, Ghosh, A, Ghosh, S, Giaime, JA, Giardina, KD, Giazotto, A, Gill, K, Glaefke, A, Goetz, E, Goetz, R, Gondan, L, González, G, Castro, JMG, Gopakumar, A, Gordon, NA, Gorodetsky, ML, Gossan, SE, Gosselin, M, Gouaty, R, Graef, C, Graff, PB, Granata, M, Grant, A, Gras, S, Gray, C, Greco, G, Green, AC, Groot, P, Grote, H, Grunewald, S, Guidi, GM, Guo, X, Gupta, A, Gupta, MK, Gushwa, KE, Gustafson, EK, Gustafson, R, Hacker, JJ, Hall, BR, Hall, ED, Hammond, G, Haney, M, Hanke, MM, Hanks, J, Hanna, C, Hannam, MD, Hanson, J, Hardwick, T, Harms, J, Harry, GM, Harry, IW, Hart, MJ, Hartman, MT, Haster, C-J, Haughian, K, Heidmann, A, Heintze, MC, Heitmann, H, Hello, P, Hemming, G, Hendry, M, Heng, IS, Hennig, J, Heptonstall, AW, Heurs, M, Hild, S, Hoak, D, Hodge, KA, Hofman, D, Hollitt, SE, Holt, K, Holz, DE, Hopkins, P, Hosken, DJ, Hough, J, Houston, EA, Howell, EJ, Hu, YM, Huang, S, Huerta, EA, Huet, D, Hughey, B, Husa, S, Huttner, SH, Huynh-Dinh, T, Idrisy, A, Indik, N, Ingram, DR, Inta, R, Isa, HN, Isac, J-M, Isi, M, Islas, G, Isogai, T, Iyer, BR, Izumi, K, Jacqmin, T, Jang, H, Jani, K, Jaranowski, P, Jawahar, S, Jiménez-Forteza, F, Johnson, WW, Jones, DI, Jones, R, Jonker, RJG, Ju, L, K, H, Kalaghatgi, CV, Kalogera, V, Kandhasamy, S, Kang, G, Kanner, JB, Karki, S, Kasprzack, M, Katsavounidis, E, Katzman, W, Kaufer, S, Kaur, T, Kawabe, K, Kawazoe, F, Kéfélian, F, Kehl, MS, Keitel, D, Kelley, DB, Kells, W, Kennedy, R, Key, JS, Khalaidovski, A, Khalili, FY, Khan, I, Khan, S, Khan, Z, Khazanov, EA, Kijbunchoo, N, Kim, C, Kim, J, Kim, K, Kim, N, Kim, N, Kim, Y-M, King, EJ, King, PJ, Kinzel, DL, Kissel, JS, Kleybolte, L, Klimenko, S, Koehlenbeck, SM, Kokeyama, K, Koley, S, Kondrashov, V, Kontos, A, Korobko, M, Korth, WZ, Kowalska, I, Kozak, DB, Kringel, V, Królak, A, Krueger, C, Kuehn, G, Kumar, P, Kuo, L, Kutynia, A, Lackey, BD, Landry, M, Lange, J, Lantz, B, Lasky, PD, Lazzarini, A, Lazzaro, C, Leaci, P, Leavey, S, Lebigot, EO, Lee, CH, Lee, HK, Lee, HM, Lee, K, Lenon, A, Leonardi, M, Leong, JR, Leroy, N, Letendre, N, Levin, Y, Levine, BM, Li, TGF, Libson, A, Littenberg, TB, Lockerbie, NA, Logue, J, Lombardi, AL, Lord, JE, Lorenzini, M, Loriette, V, Lormand, M, Losurdo, G, Lough, JD, Lück, H, Lundgren, AP, Luo, J, Lynch, R, Ma, Y, MacDonald, T, Machenschalk, B, MacInnis, M, Macleod, DM, Magaña-Sandoval, F, Magee, RM, Mageswaran, M, http://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/ Majorana, E, Maksimovic, I, Malvezzi, V, Man, N, Mandel, I, Mandic, V, Mangano, V, Mansell, GL, Manske, M, Mantovani, M, Marchesoni, F, Marion, F, Márka, S, Márka, Z, Markosyan, AS, Maros, E, Martelli, F, Martellini, L, Martin, IW, Martin, RM, Martynov, DV, Marx, JN, Mason, K, Masserot, A, Massinger, TJ, Masso- Reid, M, Matichard, F, Matone, L, Mavalvala, N, Mazumder, N, Mazzolo, G, McCarthy, R, McClelland, DE, McCormick, S, McGuire, SC, McIntyre, G, McIver, J, McManus, DJ, McWilliams, ST, Meacher, D, Meadors, GD, Meidam, J, Melatos, A, Mendell, G, Mendoza-Gandara, D, Mercer, RA, Merilh, E, Merzougui, M, Meshkov, S, Messenger, C, Messick, C, Meyers, PM, Mezzani, F, Miao, H, Michel, C, Middleton, H, Mikhailov, EE, Milano, L, Miller, J, Millhouse, M, Minenkov, Y, Ming, J, Mirshekari, S, Mishra, C, Mitra, S, Mitrofanov, VP, Mitselmakher, G, Mittleman, R, Moggi, A, Mohan, M, Mohapatra, SRP, Montani, M, Moore, BC, Moore, CJ, Moraru, D, Moreno, G, Morriss, SR, Mossavi, K, Mours, B, Mow-Lowry, CM, Mueller, CL, Mueller, G, Muir, AW, Mukherjee, A, Mukherjee, D, Mukherjee, S, Mukund, N, Mullavey, A, Munch, J, Murphy, DJ, Murray, PG, Mytidis, A, Nardecchia, I, Naticchioni, L, Nayak, RK, Necula, V, Nedkova, K, Nelemans, G, Neri, M, Neunzert, A, Newton, G, Nguyen, TT, Nielsen, AB, Nissanke, S, Nitz, A, Nocera, F, Nolting, D, Normandin, MEN, Nuttall, LK, Oberling, J, Ochsner, E, O'Dell, J, Oelker, E, Ogin, GH, Oh, JJ, Oh, SH, Ohme, F, Oliver, M, Oppermann, P, Oram, RJ, O'Reilly, B, O'Shaughnessy, R, Ottaway, DJ, Ottens, RS, Overmier, H, Owen, BJ, Pai, A, Pai, SA, Palamos, JR, Palashov, O, Palliyaguru, N, Palomba, C, Pal-Singh, A, Pan, H, Pankow, C, Pannarale, F, Pant, BC, Paoletti, F, Paoli, A, Papa, MA, Paris, HR, Parker, W, Pascucci, D, Pasqualetti, A, Passaquieti, R, Passuello, D, Patricelli, B, Patrick, Z, Pearlstone, BL, Pedraza, M, Pedurand, R, Pekowsky, L, Pele, A, Penn, S, Perreca, A, Phelps, M, Piccinni, O, Pichot, M, Piergiovanni, F, Pierro, V, Pillant, G, Pinard, L, Pinto, IM, Pitkin, M, Poggiani, R, Popolizio, P, Post, A, Powell, J, Prasad, J, Predoi, V, Premachandra, SS, Prestegard, T, Price, LR, Prijatelj, M, Principe, M, Privitera, S, Prodi, GA, Prokhorov, L, Puncken, O, Punturo, M, Puppo, P, Pürrer, M, Qi, H, Qin, J, Quetschke, V, Quintero, EA, Quitzow-James, R, Raab, FJ, Rabeling, DS, Radkins, H, Raffai, P, Raja, S, Rakhmanov, M, Rapagnani, P, Raymond, V, Razzano, M, Re, V, Read, J, Reed, CM, Regimbau, T, Rei, L, Reid, S, Reitze, DH, Rew, H, Reyes, SD, Ricci, F, Riles, K, Robertson, NA, Robie, R, Robinet, F, Rocchi, A, Rolland, L, Rollins, JG, Roma, VJ, Romano, R, Romanov, G, Romie, JH, Rosińska, D, Rowan, S, Rüdiger, A, Ruggi, P, Ryan, K, Sachdev, S, Sadecki, T, Sadeghian, L, Salconi, L, Saleem, M, Salemi, F, Samajdar, A, Sammut, L, Sanchez, EJ, Sandberg, V, Sandeen, B, Sanders, JR, Sassolas, B, Sathyaprakash, BS, Saulson, PR, Sauter, O, Savage, RL, Sawadsky, A, Schale, P, Schilling, R, Schmidt, J, Schmidt, P, Schnabel, R, Schofield, RMS, Schönbeck, A, Schreiber, E, Schuette, D, Schutz, BF, Scott, J, Scott, SM, Sellers, D, Sentenac, D, Sequino, V, Sergeev, A, Serna, G, Setyawati, Y, Sevigny, A, Shaddock, DA, Shah, S, Shahriar, MS, Shaltev, M, Shao, Z, Shapiro, B, Shawhan, P, Sheperd, A, Shoemaker, DH, Shoemaker, DM, Siellez, K, Siemens, X, Sigg, D, Silva, AD, Simakov, D, Singer, A, Singh, A, Singh, R, http://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/ Singhal, A, Sintes, AM, Slagmolen, BJJ, Smith, JR, Smith, ND, Smith, RJE, Son, EJ, Sorazu, B, Sorrentino, F, Souradeep, T, Srivastava, AK, Staley, A, Steinke, M, Steinlechner, J, Steinlechner, S, Steinmeyer, D, Stephens, BC, Stone, R, Strain, KA, Straniero, N, Stratta, G, Strauss, NA, Strigin, S, Sturani, R, Stuver, AL, Summerscales, TZ, Sun, L, Sutton, PJ, Swinkels, BL, Szczepańczyk, MJ, Tacca, M, Talukder, D, Tanner, DB, Tápai, M, Tarabrin, SP, Taracchini, A, Taylor, R, Theeg, T, Thirugnanasambandam, MP, Thomas, EG, Thomas, M, Thomas, P, Thorne, KA, Thorne, KS, Thrane, E, Tiwari, S, Tiwari, V, Tokmakov, KV, Tomlinson, C, Tonelli, M, Torres, CV, Torrie, CI, Töyrä, D, Travasso, F, Traylor, G, Trifirò, D, Tringali, MC, Trozzo, L, Tse, M, Turconi, M, Tuyenbayev, D, Ugolini, D, Unnikrishnan, CS, Urban, AL, Usman, SA, Vahlbruch, H, Vajente, G, Valdes, G, Bakel, NV, Beuzekom, MV, Brand, JFJVD, Broeck, CVD, Vander-Hyde, DC, Schaaf, LVD, Heijningen, JVV, Veggel, AAV, Vardaro, M, Vass, S, Vasúth, M, Vaulin, R, Vecchio, A, Vedovato, G, Veitch, J, Veitch, PJ, Venkateswara, K, Verkindt, D, Vetrano, F, Viceré, A, Vinciguerra, S, Vine, DJ, Vinet, J-Y, Vitale, S, Vo, T, Vocca, H, Vorvick, C, Voss, D, Vousden, WD, Vyatchanin, SP, Wade, AR, Wade, LE, Wade, M, Walker, M, Wallace, L, Walsh, S, Wang, G, Wang, H, Wang, M, Wang, X, Wang, Y, Ward, RL, Warner, J, Was, M, Weaver, B, Wei, L-W, Weinert, M, Weinstein, AJ, Weiss, R, Welborn, T, Wen, L, Weßels, P, Westphal, T, Wette, K, Whelan, JT, White, DJ, Whiting, BF, Williams, RD, Williamson, AR, Willis, JL, Willke, B, Wimmer, MH, Winkler, W, Wipf, CC, Wittel, H, Woan, G, Worden, J, Wright, JL, Wu, G, Yablon, J, Yam, W, Yamamoto, H, Yancey, CC, Yap, MJ, Yu, H, Yvert, M, Zadrożny, A, Zangrando, L, Zanolin, M, Zendri, J-P, Zevin, M, Zhang, F, Zhang, L, Zhang, M, Zhang, Y, Zhao, C, Zhou, M, Zhou, Z, Zhu, XJ, Zucker, ME, Zuraw, SE, Zweizig, J, Collaboration, FTLIGOS, Allison, TVCJ, Bannister, K, Bell, ME, Chatterjee, S, Chippendale, AP, Edwards, PG, Harvey-Smith, L, Heywood, I, Hotan, A, Indermuehle, B, Marvil, J, McConnell, D, Murphy, T, Popping, A, Reynolds, J, Sault, RJ, Voronkov, MA, Whiting, MT, Pathfinder, FTASKA, Castro-Tirado, CAJ, Cunniffe, R, Jelínek, M, Tello, JC, Oates, SR, Zhang, B-B, Hu, Y-D, Kubánek, P, Guziy, S, Castellón, A, García- Cerezo, A, Muñoz, VF, Pulgar, CPD, Castillo-Carrión, S, Cerón, JMC, Hudec, R, Caballero-García, MD, Páta, P, Vitek, S, Adame, JA, Konig, S, Rendón, F, Sanguino, TDJM, Fernández-Muñoz, R, Yock, PC, Rattenbury, N, Allen, WH, Querel, R, Jeong, S, Park, IH, Bai, J, Cui, C, Fan, Y, Wang, C, Hiriart, D, Lee, WH, Claret, A, Sánchez-Ramírez, R, Pandey, SB, Mediavilla, T, Sabau-Graziati, L, Abbott, FTBOOTESCTMC, Abdalla, FB, Allam, S, Annis, J, Armstrong, R, Benoit-Lévy, A, Berger, E, Bernstein, RA, Bertin, E, Brout, D, Buckley-Geer, E, Burke, DL, Capozzi, D, Carretero, J, Castander, FJ, Chornock, R, Cowperthwaite, PS, Crocce, M, Cunha, CE, D'Andrea, CB, Costa, LND, Desai, S, Diehl, HT, Dietrich, JP, Doctor, Z, Drlica-Wagner, A, Drout, MR, Eifler, TF, Estrada, J, Evrard, AE, Fernandez, E, Finley, DA, Flaugher, B, Foley, RJ, Fong, W-F, Fosalba, P, Fox, DB, Frieman, J, Fryer, CL, Gaztanaga, E, Gerdes, DW, Goldstein, DA, Gruen, D, Gruendl, RA, Gutierrez, G, Herner, K, Honscheid, K, James, DJ, Johnson, MD, Johnson, MWG, Karliner, I, Kasen, D, Kent, S, http://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/ Kessler, R, Kim, AG, Kind, MC, Kuehn, K, Kuropatkin, N, Lahav, O, Li, TS, Lima, M, Lin, H, Maia, MAG, Margutti, R, Marriner, J, Martini, P, Matheson, T, Melchior, P, Metzger, BD, Miller, CJ, Miquel, R, Neilsen, E, Nichol, RC, Nord, B, Nugent, P, Ogando, R, Petravick, D, Plazas, AA, Quataert, E, Roe, N, Romer, AK, Roodman, A, Rosell, AC, Rykoff, ES, Sako, M, Sanchez, E, Scarpine, V, Schindler, R, Schubnell, M, Scolnic, D, Sevilla-Noarbe, I, Sheldon, E, Smith, N, Smith, RC, Soares-Santos, M, Sobreira, F, Stebbins, A, Suchyta, E, Swanson, MEC, Tarle, G, Thaler, J, Thomas, D, Thomas, RC, Tucker, DL, Vikram, V, Walker, AR, Wechsler, RH, Wester, W, Yanny, B, Zhang, Y, Zuntz, J, Survey, FTDE, Connaughton, TDECGW-EMCV, Burns, E, Goldstein, A, Briggs, MS, Zhang, B-B, Hui, CM, Jenke, P, Wilson-Hodge, CA, Bhat, PN, Bissaldi, E, Cleveland, W, Fitzpatrick, G, Giles, MM, Gibby, MH, Greiner, J, Kienlin, AV, Kippen, RM, McBreen, S, Mailyan, B, Meegan, CA, Paciesas, WS, Preece, RD, Roberts, O, Sparke, L, Stanbro, M, Toelge, K, Veres, P, Yu, H-F, Blackburn, L, Ackermann, FTFGBMCM, Ajello, M, Albert, A, Anderson, B, Atwood, WB, Axelsson, M, Baldini, L, Barbiellini, G, Bastieri, D, Bellazzini, R, Bissaldi, E, Blandford, RD, Bloom, ED, Bonino, R, Bottacini, E, Brandt, TJ, Bruel, P, Buson, S, Caliandro, GA, Cameron, RA, Caragiulo, M, Caraveo, PA, Cavazzuti, E, Charles, E, Chekhtman, A, Chiang, J, Chiaro, G, Ciprini, S, Cohen-Tanugi, J, Cominsky, LR, Costanza, F, Cuoco, A, D'Ammando, F, Palma, FD, Desiante, R, Digel, SW, Lalla, ND, Mauro, MD, Venere, LD, Domínguez, A, Drell, PS, Dubois, R, Favuzzi, C, Ferrara, EC, Franckowiak, A, Fukazawa, Y, Funk, S, Fusco, P, Gargano, F, Gasparrini, D, Giglietto, N, Giommi, P, Giordano, F, Giroletti, M, Glanzman, T, Godfrey, G, Gomez-Vargas, GA, Green, D, Grenier, IA, Grove, JE, Guiriec, S, Hadasch, D, Harding, AK, Hays, E, Hewitt, JW, Hill, AB, Horan, D, Jogler, T, Jóhannesson, G, Johnson, AS, Kensei, S, Kocevski, D, Kuss, M, Mura, GL, Larsson, S, Latronico, L, Li, J, Li, L, Longo, F, Loparco, F, Lovellette, MN, Lubrano, P, Magill, J, Maldera, S, Manfreda, A, Marelli, M, Mayer, M, Mazziotta, MN, McEnery, JE, Meyer, M, Michelson, PF, Mirabal, N, Mizuno, T, Moiseev, AA, Monzani, ME, Moretti, E, Morselli, A, Moskalenko, IV, Negro, M, Nuss, E, Ohsugi, T, Omodei, N, Orienti, M, Orlando, E, Ormes, JF, Paneque, D, Perkins, JS, Pesce-Rollins, M, Piron, F, Pivato, G, Porter, TA, Racusin, JL, Rainò, S, Rando, R, Razzaque, S, Reimer, A, Reimer, O, Salvetti, D, Parkinson, PMS, Sgrò, C, Simone, D, Siskind, EJ, Spada, F, Spandre, G, Spinelli, P, Suson, DJ, Tajima, H, Thayer, JB, Thompson, DJ, Tibaldo, L, Torres, DF, Troja, E, Uchiyama, Y, Venters, TM, Vianello, G, Wood, KS, Wood, M, Zhu, S, Zimmer, S, Brocato, FTFLATCE, Cappellaro, E, Covino, S, Grado, A, Nicastro, L, Palazzi, E, Pian, E, Amati, L, Antonelli, LA, Capaccioli, M, D'Avanzo, P, D'Elia, V, Getman, F, Giuffrida, G, Iannicola, G, Limatola, L, Lisi, M, Marinoni, S, Marrese, P, Melandri, A, Piranomonte, S, Possenti, A, Pulone, L, Rossi, A, Stamerra, A, Stella, L, Testa, V, Tomasella, L, Yang, S, TeAm, FTGWI, Bazzano, A, Bozzo, E, Brandt, S, Courvoisier, TJ-L, Ferrigno, C, Hanlon, L, Kuulkers, E, Laurent, P, Mereghetti, S, Roques, JP, Savchenko, V, Ubertini, P, Kasliwal, FTINTEGRALCMM, Singer, LP, Cao, Y, Duggan, G, Kulkarni, SR, Bhalerao, V, Miller, AA, Barlow, T, Bellm, E, http://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/ Manulis, I, Rana, J, Laher, R, Masci, F, Surace, J, Rebbapragada, U, Cook, D, Sistine, AV, Sesar, B, Perley, D, Ferreti, R, Prince, T, Kendrick, R, Horesh, A, Factory, FTIPT, Hurley, CK, Golenetskii, SV, Aptekar, RL, Frederiks, DD, Svinkin, DS, Rau, A, Kienlin, AV, Zhang, X, Smith, DM, Cline, T, Krimm, H, Abe, FTINF, Doi, M, Fujisawa, K, Kawabata, KS, Morokuma, T, Motohara, K, Tanaka, M, Ohta, K, Yanagisawa, K, Yoshida, M, Baltay, FTJ-GEMCC, Bersier, D, Bode, MF, Collins, CA, Copperwheat, CM, Darnley, MJ, Galloway, DK, Gomboc, A, Kobayashi, S, Mazzali, PA, Mundell, CG, Piascik, AS, Pollacco, D, Steele, IA, Ulaczyk, K, Jonker, PG, Rowlinson, A, Stappers, BW, Wijers, RAMJ, Array, FTLF, Lipunov, CV, Gorbovskoy, E, Tyurina, N, Kornilov, V, Balanutsa, P, Kuznetsov, A, Buckley, D, Rebolo, R, Serra-Ricart, M, Israelian, G, Budnev, NM, Gress, O, Ivanov, K, Poleshuk, V, Tlatov, A, Yurkov, V, Kawai, FTMASTERCN, Serino, M, Negoro, H, Nakahira, S, Mihara, T, Tomida, H, Ueno, S, Tsunemi, H, Matsuoka, M, Croft, FTMAXICS, Feng, L, Franzen, TMO, Gaensler, BM, Johnston-Hollitt, M, Kaplan, DL, Morales, MF, Tingay, SJ, Wayth, RB, Williams, A, Array, FTMW-F, Smartt, CSJ, Chambers, KC, Smith, KW, Huber, ME, Young, DR, Wright, DE, Coughlin, M, Schultz, A, Denneau, L, Flewelling, H, Magnier, EA, Primak, N, Rest, A, Sherstyuk, A, Stalder, B, Stubbs, CW, Tonry, J, Waters, C, Willman, M, for, TP-SCFOE, Campbell, H, Kotak, R, Sollerman, J, Smith, M, Dennefeld, M, Anderson, JP, Botticella, MT, Chen, T-W, Valle, MD, Elias-Rosa, N, Fraser, M, Inserra, C, Kankare, E, Kupfer, T, Harmanen, J, Galbany, L, Guillou, LL, Lyman, JD, Maguire, K, Mitra, A, Nicholl, M, Razza, A, Terreran, G, Valenti, S, Gal-Yam, A, Ćwiek, FTPESSTOCA, Ćwiok, M, Mankiewicz, L, Opiela, R, Zaremba, M, Żarnecki, AF, Scalzo, FTPOTSCRA, Schmidt, BP, Wolf, C, Yuan, F, Evans, FTSCPA, Kennea, JA, Burrows, DN, Campana, S, Cenko, SB, Giommi, P, Marshall, FE, Nousek, J, O'Brien, P, Osborne, JP, Palmer, D, Perri, M, Racusin, J, Siegel, M, Tagliaferri, G, Klotz, FTSCA, Turpin, D, Laugier, R, TAROT, FT, Zadko, , Observatory, AN, Beroiz, CCM, Peñuela, T, Macri, LM, Oelkers, RJ, Lambas, DG, Vrech, R, Cabral, J, Colazo, C, Dominguez, M, Sanchez, B, Gurovich, S, Lares, M, Marshall, JL, DePoy, DL, Padilla, N, Pereyra, NA, Benacquista, M, Key, JS, Tanvir, FTTOROSCNR, Wiersema, K, Levan, AJ, Steeghs, D, Hjorth, J, Fynbo, JPU, Malesani, D, Milvang-Jensen, B, Watson, D, Greiner, J, Irwin, M, Fernandez, CG, McMahon, RG, Banerji, M, Gonzalez- Solares, E, Schulze, S, Postigo, ADU, Thoene, CC, Cano, Z, Rosswog, S and Collaboration, FTVISTA

Localization and broadband follow-up of the gravitational-wave transient GW150914 http://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/id/eprint/3076/

Article

http://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/ Citation (please note it is advisable to refer to the publisher’s version if you intend to cite from this work)

LJMU has developed LJMU Research Online for users to access the research output of the University more effectively. Copyright © and Moral Rights for the papers on this site are retained by the individual authors and/or other copyright owners. Users may download and/or print one copy of any article(s) in LJMU Research Online to facilitate their private study or for non-commercial research. You may not engage in further distribution of the material or use it for any profit-making activities or any commercial gain.

The version presented here may differ from the published version or from the version of the record. Please see the repository URL above for details on accessing the published version and note that access may require a subscription.

For more information please contact [email protected]

http://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/ THE ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS, INPRESS Preprint typeset using LATEX style AASTeX6 v. 1.0

LOCALIZATION AND BROADBAND FOLLOW-UP OF THE GRAVITATIONAL-WAVE TRANSIENT GW150914

THE LIGOSCIENTIFIC COLLABORATION AND THE VIRGO COLLABORATION, THE AUSTRALIAN SQUARE KILOMETER ARRAY PATHFINDER (ASKAP)COLLABORATION,THE BOOTESCOLLABORATION, THE DARK ENERGY SURVEY AND THE DARK ENERGY CAMERA GW-EM COLLABORATIONS,THE Fermi GBMCOLLABORATION, THE Fermi LAT COLLABORATION,THE GRAVITATIONAL WAVE INAF TEAM (GRAWITA), THE INTEGRAL COLLABORATION, THE INTERMEDIATE PALOMAR TRANSIENT FACTORY (IPTF)COLLABORATION,THE INTERPLANETARY NETWORK, THE J-GEMCOLLABORATION,THE LA SILLA–QUESTSURVEY,THE LIVERPOOL TELESCOPE COLLABORATION, THE LOW FREQUENCY ARRAY (LOFAR) COLLABORATION,THE MASTERCOLLABORATION,THE MAXICOLLABORATION, THE MURCHISON WIDE-FIELD ARRAY (MWA) COLLABORATION,THE PAN-STARRS COLLABORATION, THE PESSTOCOLLABORATION,THE PIOFTHE SKY COLLABORATION,THE SKYMAPPER COLLABORATION, THE Swift COLLABORATION,THE TAROT, ZADKO,ALGERIAN NATIONAL OBSERVATORY, AND C2PU COLLABORATION, THE TOROSCOLLABORATION, AND THE VISTA COLLABORATION See the end matter for the full list of authors.

(Received 2016 February 29; Accepted 2016 April 26)

ABSTRACT A gravitational-wave (GW) transient was identified in data recorded by the Advanced Laser Interferometer Gravitational-wave Observatory (LIGO) detectors on 2015 September 14. The event, initially designated G184098 and later given the name GW150914, is described in detail elsewhere. By prior arrangement, preliminary estimates of the time, significance, and sky location of the event were shared with 63 teams of observers covering radio, optical, near-infrared, X-ray, and gamma-ray wavelengths with ground- and space-based facilities. In this Letter we describe the low-latency analysis of the GW data and present the sky localization of the first observed compact binary merger. We summarize the follow-up observations reported by 25 teams via private Gamma-ray Coordinates Network circulars, giving an overview of the participating facilities, the GW sky localization coverage, the timeline and depth of the observations. As this event turned out to be a binary black hole merger, there is little expectation of a detectable electromagnetic (EM) signature. Nevertheless, this first broadband campaign to search for a counterpart of an Advanced LIGO source represents a milestone and highlights the broad capabilities of the transient astronomy community and the observing strategies that have been developed to pursue neutron star binary merger events. Detailed investigations of the EM data and results of the EM follow-up campaign are being disseminated in papers by the individual teams. Keywords: gravitational waves; methods: observational

1. INTRODUCTION or a NS and a BH experiences a runaway orbital decay due In 2015 September, the Advanced Laser Interferom- to gravitational radiation. In a binary including at least one eter Gravitational-wave Observatory (LIGO; Aasi et al. NS— a binary neutron star (BNS) or neutron star–black hole 2015) made the first direct detection of an astrophysical (NSBH) merger—we expect EM signatures due to energetic gravitational-wave (GW) signal that turned out to be from outflows at different timescales and wavelengths. If a rela- a binary black hole (BBH) merger. The LIGO Hanford tivistic jet forms, we may observe a prompt short gamma-ray arXiv:1602.08492v3 [astro-ph.HE] 3 Jun 2016 and Livingston sites are the first two nodes of a growing burst (GRB) lasting on the order of one second or less, fol- global network of highly sensitive GW facilities, soon to lowed by X-ray, optical, and radio afterglows of hours to days include Advanced Virgo (Acernese et al. 2015), KAGRA, duration (e.g., Eichler et al. 1989; Narayan et al. 1992; Nakar and LIGO–India. Some of the most promising astrophysical 2007; Berger 2014; Fong et al. 2015). Rapid neutron capture sources of GWs are also expected to produce broadband elec- in the sub-relativistic ejecta (e.g., Lattimer & Schramm 1976) tromagnetic (EM) emission and neutrinos. This has created is hypothesized to produce a kilonova or macronova, an op- exciting new opportunities for joint broadband EM observa- tical and near-infrared signal lasting hours to weeks (e.g., Li tions and multi-messenger astronomy. & Paczynski´ 1998). Eventually, we may observe a radio blast In a compact binary coalescence (CBC) event, a tight binary wave from this sub-relativistic outflow, detectable for months comprised of two neutron stars (NSs), two black holes (BHs), to years (e.g., Nakar & Piran 2011). Furthermore, several sec- onds prior to or tens of minutes after merger, we may see [email protected] a coherent radio burst lasting milliseconds (e.g., Hansen & [email protected] Lyutikov 2001; Zhang 2014). In short, a NS binary can pro- 2

duce EM radiation over a wide range of wavelengths and time CBC signals than the burst search pipelines are. All four de- scales. On the other hand, in the case of a stellar-mass BBH, tection pipelines report candidates within a few minutes of the current consensus is that no significant EM counterpart data acquisition. emission is expected except for those in highly improbable LIGO conducted a series of engineering runs throughout environments pervaded by large ambient magnetic fields or Advanced LIGO’s construction and commissioning to pre- baryon densities. pare to collect and analyze data in a stable configuration. The The first campaign to find EM counterparts triggered by eighth engineering run (ER8) began on 2015 August 17 at low-latency GW event candidates was carried out with the ini- 15:00 and critical software was frozen by August 30.3 The tial LIGO and Virgo detectors and several EM astronomy fa- rest of ER8 was to be used to calibrate the detectors, to carry cilities in 2009 and 2010 (Abadie et al. 2012a,b; Evans et al. out diagnostic studies, to practice maintaining a high coin- 2012; Aasi et al. 2014). In preparing for Advanced detec- cident duty cycle, and to train and tune the data analysis tor operations, the LIGO and Virgo collaborations worked pipelines. Calibration was complete by September 12 and O1 with the broader astronomy community to set up an evolved was scheduled to begin on September 18. On 2015 Septem- and greatly expanded EM follow-up program.1 Seventy- ber 14, cWB reported a burst candidate to have occurred at four groups with access to ground- and space-based facili- 09:50:45 with a network signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) of 23.45 ties joined, of which 63 were operational during Advanced and an estimated false alarm rate (FAR) < 0.371 yr−1 based LIGO’s first observing run (O1). Details of the 2009 to 2010 on the available (limited at that time) data statistics. Also, EM follow campaign and changes for O1 are given in Sec- oLIB reported a candidate with consistent timing and S/N. tion 1 of the Supplement (Abbott et al. 2016g). No candidates were reported at this time by the low-latency After years of construction and commissioning, the Ad- GSTLAL and MBTA pipelines, ruling out a BNS or NSBH vanced LIGO detectors at Livingston, Louisiana, and Han- merger. ford, Washington, began observing in 2015 September with Although the candidate occurred before O1 officially be- about 3.5 times the distance reach (> 40 times the sensitive gan, the LIGO and Virgo collaborations decided to send an volume) of the earlier detectors. A strong GW event was iden- alert to partner facilites because the preliminary FAR esti- tified shortly after the pre-run calibration process was com- mate satisfied our planned alert threshold of 1 month−1. Al- pleted. Deep analysis of this event, initially called G184098 though we had not planned to disseminate real-time GCN no- and later given the name GW150914, is presented in Abbott tices before the formal start of O1, most of the computing et al.(2016c) and companion papers referenced therein. In infrastructure was in place. Basic data quality checks were this paper we describe the initial low-latency analysis and done within hours of GW150914; both interferometers were event candidate selection (Section2), the rapid determina- stable and the data stream was free of artifacts (Abbott et al. tion of likely sky localization (Section3), and the follow- 2016a). A cWB sky map was available 17 minutes after the up EM observations carried out by partner facilities (Sec- data were recorded, and a LALInference Burst (LIB) sky map tions4 and5). For analyses of those observations, we refer was available after 14 hr. After extra data integrity checks and the reader to the now-public Gamma-ray Coordinates Net- an update to the GCN server software, these two sky maps work (GCN) circulars2 and to a number of recent papers. were communicated to observing partners in a GCN circu- We end with a brief discussion of EM counterpart detection lar nearly two days after the event occurred (GCN 18330). prospects for future events. Mass estimates were not released in this initial circular, and observers may have assumed the event was associated with a 2. DATA ANALYSIS AND DISCOVERY BNS system or a GW burst (e.g., from a nearby core-collapse As configured for O1, four low-latency pipelines contin- supernova; SN). The knowledge that GW150914 was consis- ually search for transient signals that are coincident in the tent with a BBH inspiral and merger was only shared later on two detectors within the 10 ms light travel time separating October 3 (GCN 18388). Figure1 shows the chronology of them. Coherent WaveBurst (cWB; Klimenko et al. 2016) and the GW detection alerts and follow-up observations. Omicron+LALInference Burst (oLIB; Lynch et al. 2015) both The data were re-analyzed offline with two independent search for unmodeled GW bursts (Abbott et al. 2016d). GST- matched-filter searches using a template bank that includes LAL (Cannon et al. 2012; Messick et al. 2016) and Multi- both NS binary and BBH mergers. The waveform was con- Band Template Analysis (MBTA; Adams et al. 2015) search firmed to be consistent with a BBH merger and this informa- specifically for NS binary mergers using matched filtering. tion was shared with observers about three weeks after the Because CBC waveforms can be precisely computed from event (GCN 18388). The FAR was evaluated with the data general relativity, GSTLAL and MBTA are more sensitive to collected through 20 October, reported to be less than 1 in 100 years (GCN 18851; Abbott et al. 2016b), and ultimately 1 See program description and participation information at http:// determined to be much lower. The final results of the offline www.ligo.org/scientists/GWEMalerts.php. 2 All circulars related to GW150914 are collected at http://gcn. gsfc.nasa.gov/other/GW150914.gcn3 3 All dates and times are in UT. LOCALIZATIONANDBROADBANDFOLLOW-UPOF GW150914 3

Initial GW Initial Updated GCN Circular Final Burst Recovery GCN Circular (identiﬁed as BBH candidate) sky map

Fermi GBM, LAT, MAXI, Swift Swift Fermi LAT, IPN, INTEGRAL (archival) XRT XRT MAXI

Swift UVOT, SkyMapper, MASTER, TOROS, TAROT, VST, iPTF, , Pan-STARRS1 BOOTES-3 MASTER Keck TOROS Pan-STARRS1, KWFC, QUEST, DECam, LT, P200, Pi of the Sky, PESSTO, UH VST

VISTA ASKAP, ASKAP, , , MWA VLA VLA LOFAR MWA LOFAR LOFAR VLA

100 101 102 t t (days) − merger

Figure 1. Timeline of observations of GW150914, separated by band and relative to the time of the GW trigger. The top row shows GW information releases. The bottom four rows show high-energy, optical, near-infrared, and radio observations, respectively. Optical spectroscopy and narrow-field radio observations are indicated with darker tick marks and boldface text. Table1 reports more detailed information on the times of observations made with each instrument. search are reported in Abbott et al.(2016c). dure to include the potential effects of calibration uncertainties. The BAYESTAR and LALInference maps were shared 3. SKY MAPS with observers on 2016 January 13 (GCN 18858), at the con- We produce and disseminate probability sky maps using a clusion of the O1 run. Since GW150914 is a CBC event, we sequence of algorithms with increasing accuracy and compu- consider the LALInference map to be the most accurate, au- tational cost. Here, we compare four location estimates: the thoritative, and final localization for this event. This map has prompt cWB and LIB localizations that were initially shared a 90% credible region with area 630 deg2. with observing partners plus the rapid BAYESTAR localiza- All of the sky maps agree qualitatively, favoring a broad, tion and the final localization from LALInference. All four long section of arc in the southern hemisphere and to a lesser are shown in Fig.2. extent a shorter section of nearly the same arc near the equa- cWB performs a constrained maximum likelihood estimate tor. While the majority of LIB’s probability is concentrated of the reconstructed signal on a sky grid (Klimenko et al. in the southern hemisphere, a non-trivial fraction of the 90% 2016) weighted by the detectors’ antenna patterns (Essick confidence region extends into the northern hemisphere. The et al. 2015) and makes minimal assumptions about the wave- LALInference sky map shows much less support in the north- form morphology. With two detectors, this amounts to re- ern hemisphere which is likely associated with the stronger stricting the signal to only one of two orthogonal GW polar- constraints available with full CBC waveforms. The cWB lo- izations throughout most of the sky. LIB performs Bayesian calization also supports an isolated hot spot near α 9h, δ ∼ ∼ inference assuming the signal is a sinusoidally modulated 5◦, where the detector responses make it possible to indepen- Gaussian (Lynch et al. 2015). While this assumption may not dently measure two polarization components. In this region, perfectly match the data, it is flexible enough to produce reli- cWB considers signals not constrained to have the elliptical able localizations for a wide variety of waveforms, including polarization expected from a compact binary merger. BBH inspiral-merger-ringdown signals (Essick et al. 2015). Quantitative comparisons of the four sky maps can be found BAYESTAR produces sky maps by triangulating the times, in section 2 of the Supplement (Abbott et al. 2016g). The amplitudes, and phases on arrival supplied by all the CBC main feature in all of the maps is an annulus with polar an- pipelines (Singer & Price 2016). BAYESTAR was not avail- gle θHL determined by the arrival time difference ∆tHL be- able promptly because the low-latency CBC searches were tween the two detectors. However, refinements are possible not configured for BBHs; the localization presented here is due to phase as well as amplitude consistency and the mildly derived from the offline CBC search. LALInference performs directional antenna patterns of the LIGO detectors (Kasli- full forward modeling of the data using a parameterized CBC wal & Nissanke 2014; Singer et al. 2014). In particular, the waveform which allows for BH spins and detector calibra- detectors’ antenna patterns dominate the modulation around tion uncertainties (Veitch et al. 2015). It is the most accurate the ring for un-modeled reconstructions through a correlation method for CBC signals but takes the most time due to the with the inferred distance of the source (Essick et al. 2015). high dimensionality. We present the same LALInference map As shown in Fig.2, the algorithms all infer polar angles that as Abbott et al.(2016e), with a spline interpolation proce- are consistent at the 1σ level. 4

12h 7.7 7.1 6.4 ms ms ms

40° 45° 50°

16h ∆tHL, θHL cWB LIB BAYESTAR LALInference 24h 20h

Figure 2. Comparison of different GW sky maps, showing the 90% credible level contours for each algorithm. This is an orthographic projection centered on the centroid of the LIB localization. The inset shows the distribution of the polar angle θHL (equivalently, the arrival time difference ∆tHL).

4. FOLLOW-UP OBSERVATIONS possibility of a NS merger or core-collapse SN, selected ﬁelds Twenty-ﬁve participating teams of observers responded to based on the areal density of nearby galaxies or targeted the the GW alert to mobilize satellites and ground-based tele- Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) (e.g., Annis et al. 2016). Had scopes spanning 19 orders of magnitude in EM wavelength. the BBH nature of the signal been promptly available, most Observations and archival analysis started shortly after the groups would not have favored local galaxies because LIGO’s candidate was announced, two days after the event was range for BBH mergers is many times larger than that for recorded. Most facilities followed tiling strategies based on BNSs. Fig.3 displays the footprints of all reported obser- the cWB and LIB sky maps. Some groups, considering the vations. The campaign is summarized in Table1 in terms of LOCALIZATIONANDBROADBANDFOLLOW-UPOF GW150914 5

12h

Sun

Moon

16h GW radio optical/IR 24h X-ray 20h γ-ray (all-sky)

Figure 3. Footprints of observations in comparison with the 50% and 90% credible levels of the initially distributed GW localization maps. Radio fields are shaded in red, optical/infrared fields are in green, and the XRT fields are indicated by the blue circles. The all-sky Fermi GBM, LAT, INTEGRAL SPI-ACS, and MAXI observations are not shown. Where fields overlap, the shading is darker. The initial cWB localization is shown as thin black contour lines and the LIB localization as thick black lines. The inset highlights the Swift observations consisting of a hexagonal grid and a selection of the a posteriori most highly ranked galaxies. The Schlegel et al.(1998) reddening map is shown in the background to represent the Galactic plane. The projection is the same as in Fig.2. instruments, depth, time, and sky coverage. Some optical can- servations and observations to characterize candidate coun- didate counterparts were followed up spectroscopically and in terparts are described in detail in Sections 3 through 5 of the the radio band as summarized in Table2. The overall EM Supplement (Abbott et al. 2016g). follow-up of GW150914 consisting of broad-band tiled ob- Findings from these follow-up observations have been re- 6

ported in several papers. A weak transient signal was found probability of the initial sky maps is dominated by MASTER, in Fermi GBM data 0.4 s after the time of GW150914 (Con- DECam, Pan-STARRS1, La Silla–QUEST, and VST@ESO, naughton et al. 2016), but no corresponding signal was found while the final sky map is contained best by MASTER, in the INTEGRAL SPI–ACS instrument (Savchenko et al. DECam and VST@ESO. Relatively small area and contained 2016) or AGILE (Tavani et al. 2016). No GRB-like after- probability were covered by facilities that targeted nearby glow was found in X-rays with Swift XRT (Evans et al. 2016) galaxies. The only wide-field near-infrared facility, the Vis- or MAXI (N. Kawai et al., in preparation), in UV/optical ible and Infrared Survey Telescope (VISTA@ESO), covered with Swift UVOT (Evans et al. 2016), or at GeV energies 70 deg2 and captured a containment probability of 8% of the with Fermi LAT (Ackermann et al. 2016). Tiled observations final LALInference sky map. with wide-field optical instruments listed in Table1 found The radio coverage is also extensive, with a contained prob- many transients, but spectroscopy with the instruments listed ability of 86%, dominated by Murchison Widefield Array in Table2 along with further photometry showed that none of (MWA) in the 118 MHz band (GCN 18345). them were associated with GW150914 (Kasliwal et al. 2016; Table2 lists the observations done by large telescope spec- Smartt et al. 2016; Soares-Santos et al. 2016; Morokuma et al. trographs and a radio facility to follow-up candidate opti- 2016). Annis et al.(2016) used DECam to search for a miss- cal counterparts. Deep photometry, broadband observations, ing supergiant in the LMC, which would have been evidence and spectroscopy identified the majority of the candidates to for the collapse of a massive star that could have produced be normal population type Ia and type II SNe, with a few GWs, but failed to produce a typical core-collapse SN. dwarf novae and active galactic nuclei (AGNs) that are all very likely unrelated to GW150914. Candidate classifica- 5. COVERAGE tion, comparison of redshift with the GW distance, and use Using the GW data alone, we can only constrain the posi- of source age are crucial constraints to rule candidates in tion of the source on the sky to an area of 600 deg2 (90% and out. Detailed discussions of candidate selection, spec- ≈ +0.03 confidence). The inferred redshift is z = 0.09−0.04, corre- troscopic and broadband follow-up are presented in survey- +160 sponding to a luminosity distance of 410−180 Mpc (Abbott specific publications about iPTF candidates (Kasliwal et al. et al. 2016e). 2016) and about PESSTO follow-up of Pan-STARRS1 candi- Table1 lists the area tiled by each facility and the probabil- dates (Smartt et al. 2016). ity contained within those tiles, calculated with respect to the localization methods described in Section3. 6. SENSITIVITY By far the most complete coverage of the area is at the high- The third column of Table1 summarizes the depth of the est energies. The INTEGRAL SPI–ACS provided the largest follow-up program. We provide limiting flux, flux density, or effective area in the 75 keV–1 MeV range, albeit with signifi- magnitude for the different facilities. We emphasize that these cantly varying detection efficiency. Owing to its nearly omni- limits only apply to the fraction of the sky contours that have directional response, it had a full coverage of the GW proba- been followed up. For example, the MWA fields have an 86% bility map (GCN 18354; Savchenko et al. 2016). Fermi GBM chance of containing the source’s sky location and provide no captured 75% of the localization at the time of the GW trigger constraints on sky locations representing the remaining 14%. and the entire area by 25 minutes after (GCN 18339). Fermi Because the follow-up program was primarily designed to LAT observations started 4200 s after the trigger and the entire search for counterparts to BNS and NSBH mergers, it is in- localization continued to be observed every three hours. teresting to note that the observational campaign would have Coverage in X-rays is complete down to 10−9 erg cm−2 s−1 provided powerful constraints on such a system. A BNS co- with the MAXI observations, but relatively sparse at alescence could have been detected by LIGO during O1 at a fainter flux, with the Swift XRT tiles spanning about distance of 70 Mpc, averaged over sky position and orienta- ∼ 5 deg2 and enclosing a probability of 0.3% in the energy tions (Martynov et al. 2016). A short GRB afterglow similar ∼ range 0.3–10 keV to a depth of 10−13–10−11 erg cm−2 s−1 to those that have been observed by Swift XRT would have (GCNs 18331, 18346). been detectable at that distance. Re-scaling the observed X- Optical facilities together tiled about 900 deg2 and cap- ray fluxes of short GRBs at 11 hr after the event would yield tured a containment probability of over 50% of the initial fluxes in the range 2 10−11 to 6 10−8 erg cm−2 s−1 (Berger × × LIB sky map and slightly less for the final LALInference sky 2014). Kilonova emission from a BNS merger at that distance map that was available after the observations were completed. would reach a peak apparent magnitude of 17–24 within a The depth varies widely among these facilities. MASTER week or two after the merger (e.g., Metzger et al. 2010; Barnes and Pan-STARRS1 covered the most area with their observa- & Kasen 2013; Tanaka & Hotokezaka 2013; Grossman et al. tions, while large areas also were covered by the intermedi- 2014). This range overlaps with the depth reached in the op- ate Palomar Transient Factory (iPTF), Dark Energy Camera tical and near-IR bands. Finally, this BNS system might pro- (DECam), VLT Survey Telescope (VST@ESO; E. Brocato et duce radio emission from tens of µJy to tens of mJy (e.g., al. 2016, in preparation), and La Silla–QUEST. The contained Hotokezaka & Piran 2015) with different timescales spanning LOCALIZATIONANDBROADBANDFOLLOW-UPOF GW150914 7

Table 1. Summary of Tiled Observations

Facility/ Area Contained Probability (%) Instrument Banda Depthb Timec (deg2) cWB LIB BSTRd LALInf GCN

Gamma-ray

Fermi LAT 20 MeV– 1.7 × 10−9 (every — 100 100 100 100 18709 300 GeV 3 hr) Fermi GBM 8 keV–40 MeV 0.7–5 × 10−7 (archival) — 100 100 100 100 18339 (0.1–1 MeV) INTEGRAL 75 keV–1 MeV 1.3 × 10−7 (archival) — 100 100 100 100 18354 IPN 15 keV–10 MeV 1 × 10−7 (archival) — 100 100 100 100 —

X-ray

MAXI/GSC 2–20 keV 1 × 10−9 (archival) 17900 95 89 92 84 19013 Swift XRT 0.3–10 keV 5 × 10−13 (gal.) 2.3, 1, 1 0.6 0.03 0.18 0.04 0.05 18331 2–4 × 10−12 (LMC) 3.4, 1, 1 4.1 1.2 1.9 0.16 0.26 18346

Opticale

DECam i, z i < 22.5, z < 21.5 3.9, 5, 22 100 38 14 14 11 18344, 18350 iPTF R R < 20.4 3.1, 3, 1 130 2.8 2.5 0.0 0.2 18337 KWFC i i < 18.8 3.4, 1, 1 24 0.0 1.2 0.0 0.1 18361 MASTER C < 19.9 -1.1, 7, 7 710 50 36 55 50 18333, 18390, 18903, 19021 Pan-STARRS1 i i < 19.2 − 20.8 3.2, 21, 42 430 28 29 2.0 4.2 18335, 18343, 18362, 18394 La Silla– g, r r < 21 3.8, 5, 0.1 80 23 16 6.2 5.7 18347 QUEST SkyMapper i, v i < 19.1, v < 17.1 2.4, 2, 3 30 9.1 7.9 1.5 1.9 18349 Swift UVOT u u < 19.8 (gal.) 2.3, 1, 1 3 0.7 1.0 0.1 0.1 18331 u u < 18.8 (LMC) 3.4, 1, 1 18346 TAROT C R < 18 2.8, 5, 14 30 15 3.5 1.6 1.9 18332, 18348 TOROS C r < 21 2.5, 7, 90 0.6 0.03 0.0 0.0 0.0 18338 VST@ESO r r < 22.4 2.9, 6, 50 90 29 10 14 10 18336, 18397

Near Infrared

VISTA@ESO Y, J, KS J < 20.7 4.8, 1, 7 70 15 6.4 10 8.0 18353

Radio

ASKAP 863.5 MHz 5–15 mJy 7.5, 2, 6 270 82 28 44 27 18363, 18655 LOFAR 145 MHz 12.5 mJy 6.8, 3, 90 100 27 1.3 0.0 0.1 18364, 18424, 18690 MWA 118 MHz 200 mJy 3.5, 2, 8 2800 97 72 86 86 18345 a Band: photon energy, optical or near-infrared filter (or C for clear unfiltered light), wavelength range, or central frequency. b −2 −1 Depth: gamma/X-ray limiting flux in erg cm s ; 5σ optical/IR limiting magnitude (AB); and 5σ radio limiting spectral flux density in mJy. The reported values correspond to the faintest flux/magnitude of detectable sources in the images. c Elapsed time in days between start of observations and the time of GW150914 (2015 September 14 09:50:45), number of repeated observations of the same area, and total observation period in days. d BAYESTAR. e Searches for bright optical transients were also done by BOOTES-3 and Pi of the Sky. Details are given in the Supplement (Abbott et al. 2016g). 8

Table 2. Summary of Follow-up Observations

Spectroscopic Follow-up Instrument No. of Candidates Discovery Survey Epochs λ (A)˚ ∆λa (A)˚ GCN KeckII+DEIMOS 8 iPTF 1 4650 − 9600 3.5 18337, 18341 LT+SPRAT 1 Pan-STARRS1 1 4500 − 7500 18 18370, 18371 NTT+EFOSC2 10 QUEST/Pan-STARRS1 1 3650 − 9250 18 18359, 18395 P200+DBSP 1 Pan-STARRS1 1 3200 − 9000 4 − 8 18372 UH2.2m+SNIFS 9 Pan-STARRS1 1 3200 − 10000 4 − 6 — Radio Follow-up Instrument No. of Candidates Discovery Survey Epochs Freq. (GHz) Lim. Fluxb (uJy) GCN VLA 1 iPTF 3 6 . 50 18420, 18474, 18914 a Full width at half maximum resolution. b 5σ, 2 GHz nominal bandwidth, ≈ 20 min on-source. LOCALIZATIONANDBROADBANDFOLLOW-UPOF GW150914 9 weeks to years. Tables1 and2 show that the radio obser- work (Abbott et al. 2016f) will significantly improve the effi- vations from wide-field facilities were sensitive to mJy flux ciency of searches for EM counterparts. densities at low frequencies where fainter sources with longer In summary, we have described the EM follow-up program timescales are expected, while the narrow-field VLA was sen- carried out for the first GW source detected by Advanced sitive to well localized radio transients down to µJy flux den- LIGO. Within two days of the initial tentative detection of sities at frequencies above a few GHz. GW150914, a GCN circular was sent to EM follow-up partners alerting them to the event and providing them with ini- 7. CONCLUSIONS tial sky maps. Twenty-five EM observing teams mobilized GW150914 is consistent with the inspiral and merger of their resources, and over the ensuing three months observa- +5 +4 two BHs of masses 36−4 and 29−4 M , respectively, result- tions were performed with a diverse array of facilities over +4 ing in the formation of a final BH of mass 62−4 M (Ab- a broad wavelength range (from radio to γ-ray). Findings bott et al. 2016c). In classical general relativity, a vacuum from those observations are being disseminated in other pa- BBH merger does not produce any EM or particle emission pers. The localization and broadband follow-up of this GW whatsoever. Whereas supermassive BBHs in galactic cen- event constitutes an important first step in a new era of gravi- ters may appear as dual AGNs or have other distinctive EM tational wave multi-messenger astronomy. signatures due to interactions with gas or magnetic fields, stellar BBH systems are not expected to possess detectable See the Supplement (Abbott et al. 2016g) for a full list EM counterparts. The background gas densities and mag- of acknowledgements. This is LIGO document LIGO- netic field strengths should therefore be typical of the inter- P1500227-v12. stellar medium, which are many orders of magnitude smaller than the environments of EM bright supermassive BBHs. Al- REFERENCES though GW150914 is loud in GWs and expected to be absent in all EM bands, thorough follow-up observations were pur- sued to check for EM emission. Future EM follow-ups of GW Aasi, J., Abadie, J., Abbott, B. P., et al. 2014, ApJS, 211, 7 Aasi, J., Abbott, B. P., Abbott, R., et al. 2015, Classical and Quantum sources will shed light on the presence or absence of firm EM Gravity, 32, 074001 counterparts and astrophysical processes that may trigger EM Abadie, J., Abbott, B. P., Abbott, R., et al. 2012a, A&A, 541, A155 emission from these systems. —. 2012b, A&A, 539, A124 Abbott, B. P., Abbott, R., Abbott, T. D., et al. 2016a, arXiv:1602.03844, The EM campaign following GW150914 successfully https://dcc.ligo.org/LIGO-P1500238/public/main demonstrates the capability of the observing partners to cover —. 2016b, arXiv:1602.03839, large swaths of the sky localization area, to identify candi- https://dcc.ligo.org/LIGO-P1500269/public/main dates, and to activate larger telescopes for photometric and —. 2016c, Phys. Rev. Lett., 116, 061102 —. 2016d, arXiv:1602.03843, spectroscopic characterization within a few days of an event. https://dcc.ligo.org/LIGO-P1500229/public/main We note that the information about the source’s BBH na- —. 2016e, arXiv:1602.03840, ture and updated sky maps were sent out 20 days and four https://dcc.ligo.org/LIGO-P1500218/public/main months after the event, respectively. This resulted in some in- —. 2016f, Living Reviews in Relativity, 19, 1 —. 2016g, arXiv:1604.07864, struments covering much less of the probability region or to https://dcc.ligo.org/LIGO-P1600137/public/main the required depth of GW150914 than they may have planned Acernese, F., Agathos, M., Agatsuma, K., et al. 2015, Classical and for. We expect future alerts to be issued within tens of min- Quantum Gravity, 32, 024001 utes with more information about the signal type and more Ackermann, M., Ajello, M., Albert, A., et al. 2016, ApJL, 823, L2 rapid updates of the maps. The follow-up efforts would have Adams, T., Buskulic, D., Germain, V., et al. 2015, ArXiv e-prints, arXiv:1512.02864 been sensitive to a wide range of emission expected from BNS Annis, J., Soares-Santos, M., Berger, E., et al. 2016, ApJL, 823, L34 or NSBH mergers. However, the widely variable sensitiv- Bannister, K., Marvil, J., Heywood, I., et al. 2015a, GCN, 18363, 1 ity reached across the sky localization area continues to be —. 2015b, GCN, 18655, 1 a challenge for an EM counterpart search. Barnes, J., & Kasen, D. 2013, ApJ, 775, 18 ? Berger, E. 2014, ARA&A, 52, 43 The number of galaxies (with luminosities L > 0.1L ; Blackburn, L., Briggs, M. S., Burns, E., et al. 2015, GCN, 18339, 1 −2 Blanton et al. 2003) within the comoving volume of 10 Blanton, M. R., Hogg, D. W., Bahcall, N. A., et al. 2003, ApJ, 592, 819 Gpc3 corresponding to the 90% credible area of the LALIn- Brocato, E., Branchesi, M., Campana, S., et al. 2015a, GCN, 18336, 1 ference sky map and within the 90% confidence interval dis- Brocato, E., Branchesi, M., Grado, A., et al. 2015b, GCN, 18397, 1 Broderick, J., Jonker, P. G., Fender, R. P., et al. 2015a, GCN, 18364, 1 tance is 105. Such a number makes it impossible to identify ∼ —. 2015b, GCN, 18424, 1 the host galaxy in the absence of an EM counterpart detection. Campbell, H., Lyman, J., Fraser, M., et al. 2015, GCN, 18395, 1 The presence of a third GW detector such as Virgo would have Cannon, K., Cariou, R., Chapman, A., et al. 2012, ApJ, 748, 136 improved the sky localization of GW150914 to a few tens of Chambers, K., Huber, M., Magnier, E., et al. 2015, GCN, 18335, 1 Colazo, C., Lambas, D. G., Sanchez, B., et al. 2015, GCN, 18338, 1 square degrees both for the unmodeled and CBC searches. Connaughton, V., Burns, E., Goldstein, A., et al. 2016, ArXiv e-prints, The future addition of more GW detectors to the global net- arXiv:1602.03920 10

Eichler, D., Livio, M., Piran, T., & Schramm, D. N. 1989, Nature, 340, 126 Metzger, B. D., Mart´ınez-Pinedo, G., Darbha, S., et al. 2010, MNRAS, 406, Essick, R., Vitale, S., Katsavounidis, E., Vedovato, G., & Klimenko, S. 2650 2015, ApJ, 800, 81 Morokuma, T., Tanaka, M., Yoshida, M., et al. 2015, GCN, 18361, 1 Evans, P. A., Kennea, J. A., Barthelmy, S., et al. 2015a, GCN, 18331, 1 Morokuma, T., Tanaka, M., Asakura, Y., et al. 2016, ArXiv e-prints, —. 2015b, GCN, 18346, 1 arXiv:1605.03216 Evans, P. A., Fridriksson, J. K., Gehrels, N., et al. 2012, ApJS, 203, 28 Nakar, E. 2007, Phys. Rep., 442, 166 Evans, P. A., Kennea, J. A., Barthelmy, S. D., et al. 2016, MNRAS, Nakar, E., & Piran, T. 2011, Nature, 478, 82 Narayan, R., Paczynski, B., & Piran, T. 1992, ApJL, 395, L83 arXiv:1602.03868 Omodei, N., McEnery, J., & Vianello, G. 2015, GCN, 18709, 1 Ferrigno, C., Savchenko, V., Mereghetti, S., et al. 2015, GCN, 18354, 1 Palliyaguru, N., & Corsi, A. 2015a, GCN, 18420, 1 Fong, W., Berger, E., Margutti, R., & Zauderer, B. A. 2015, ApJ, 815, 102 —. 2015b, GCN, 18474, 1 Grossman, D., Korobkin, O., Rosswog, S., & Piran, T. 2014, MNRAS, 439, —. 2016, GCN, 18914, 1 757 Rabinowitz, D., Baltay, C., Ellman, N., et al. 2015, GCN, 18347, 1 Hansen, B. M. S., & Lyutikov, M. 2001, MNRAS, 322, 695 Rowlinson, A., Broderick, J., Jonker, P., et al. 2015, GCN, 18690, 1 Hotokezaka, K., & Piran, T. 2015, MNRAS, 450, 1430 Savchenko, V., Ferrigno, C., Mereghetti, S., et al. 2016, ApJL, 820, L36 Kaplan, D., Croft, S., Bannister, K., et al. 2015, GCN, 18345, 1 Schlegel, D. J., Finkbeiner, D. P., & Davis, M. 1998, ApJ, 500, 525 Kasliwal, M. M., Cenko, S. B., Cao, Y., et al. 2015, GCN, 18341, 1 Serino, M., Negoro, H., Kawai, N., et al. 2016, GCN, 19013, 1 Kasliwal, M. M., & Nissanke, S. 2014, ApJL, 789, L5 Singer, L. P., Kasliwal, M. M., Cenko, S. B., et al. 2015, GCN, 18337, 1 Kasliwal, M. M., Cenko, S. B., Singer, L. P., et al. 2016, ArXiv e-prints, Singer, L. P., & Price, L. R. 2016, Phys. Rev. D, 93, 024013 arXiv:1602.08764 Singer, L. P., Price, L. R., Farr, B., et al. 2014, ApJ, 795, 105 Klimenko, S., Vedovato, G., Drago, M., et al. 2016, Phys. Rev. D, 93, Smartt, S. J., Kupfer, T., Chambers, K., et al. 2015a, GCN, 18372, 1 042004 Smartt, S. J., Smith, K. W., Chambers, K., et al. 2015b, GCN, 18362, 1 Klotz, A., & Boer, M. 2015a, GCN, 18332, 1 —. 2015c, GCN, 18394, 1 —. 2015d, GCN, 18343, 1 —. 2015b, GCN, 18348, 1 Smartt, S. J., Chambers, K. C., Smith, K. W., et al. 2016, ArXiv e-prints, Lattimer, J. M., & Schramm, D. N. 1976, ApJ, 210, 549 arXiv:1602.04156 Li, L.-X., & Paczynski,´ B. 1998, ApJL, 507, L59 Soares-Santos, M., Annis, J., Berger, E., et al. 2015a, GCN, 18344, 1 LIGO Scientiﬁc Collaboration, & Virgo. 2015a, GCN, 18330, 1 —. 2015b, GCN, 18350, 1 —. 2015b, GCN, 18388, 1 Soares-Santos, M., Kessler, R., Berger, E., et al. 2016, ApJL, 823, L33 —. 2016a, GCN, 18858, 1 Steele, I. A., Copperwheat, C. M., Piascik, A. S., et al. 2015a, GCN, 18370, —. 2016b, GCN, 18851, 1 1 Lipunov, V., Gorbovskoy, E., Tyurina, N., et al. 2015a, GCN, 18333, 1 —. 2015b, GCN, 18371, 1 —. 2016a, GCN, 19021, 1 Takats, K., Agliozzo, C., Razza, A., et al. 2015, GCN, 18359, 1 —. 2016b, GCN, 18903, 1 Tanaka, M., & Hotokezaka, K. 2013, ApJ, 775, 113 Lipunov, V. M., Gorbovskoy, E. S., Buckley, D., et al. 2015b, GCN, 18390, 1 Tanvir, N. R., Levan, A. J., White, D., et al. 2015, GCN, 18353, 1 Lynch, R., Vitale, S., Essick, R., Katsavounidis, E., & Robinet, F. 2015, Tavani, M., Pittori, C., Verrecchia, F., et al. 2016, ArXiv e-prints, ArXiv e-prints, arXiv:1511.05955 arXiv:1604.00955 Martynov, D. V., Hall, E. D., Abbott, B. P., et al. 2016, ArXiv e-prints, Veitch, J., Raymond, V., Farr, B., et al. 2015, Phys. Rev. D, 91, 042003 arXiv:1604.00439 Yuan, F., Wolf, C., Scalzo, R., & Schmidt, B. 2015, GCN, 18349, 1 Messick, C., Blackburn, K., Brady, P., et al. 2016, ArXiv e-prints, Zhang, B. 2014, ApJL, 780, L21 arXiv:1604.04324 AUTHORS B. P. ABBOTT1,R.ABBOTT1, T. D. ABBOTT2,M.R.ABERNATHY1, F. ACERNESE3,4,K.ACKLEY5,C.ADAMS6, T. ADAMS7, P. ADDESSO3,R.X.ADHIKARI1, V. B. ADYA8,C.AFFELDT8,M.AGATHOS9,K.AGATSUMA9, N.AGGARWAL10,O.D.AGUIAR11,L.AIELLO12,13,A.AIN14, P. AJITH15,B.ALLEN8,16,17,A.ALLOCCA18,19, P. A. ALTIN20,S.B.ANDERSON1, W. G. ANDERSON16,K.ARAI1,M.C.ARAYA1,C.C.ARCENEAUX21,J.S.AREEDA22, N.ARNAUD23,K.G.ARUN24,S.ASCENZI25,13,G.ASHTON26,M.AST27,S.M.ASTON6, P. ASTONE28, P. AUFMUTH8, C.AULBERT8,S.BABAK29, P. BACON30,M.K.M.BADER9, P. T. BAKER31, F. BALDACCINI32,33,G.BALLARDIN34, S. W. BALLMER35,J.C.BARAYOGA1,S.E.BARCLAY36,B.C.BARISH1,D.BARKER37, F. BARONE3,4,B.BARR36, L.BARSOTTI10,M.BARSUGLIA30,D.BARTA38,S.BARTHELMY39,J.BARTLETT37,I.BARTOS40,R.BASSIRI41, A.BASTI18,19,J.C.BATCH37,C.BAUNE8, V. BAVIGADDA34,M.BAZZAN42,43,B.BEHNKE29,M.BEJGER44, A.S.BELL36,C.J.BELL36,B.K.BERGER1,J.BERGMAN37,G.BERGMANN8, C. P. L. BERRY45,D.BERSANETTI46,47, A.BERTOLINI9,J.BETZWIESER6,S.BHAGWAT35,R.BHANDARE48,I.A.BILENKO49,G.BILLINGSLEY1,J.BIRCH6, R.BIRNEY50,S.BISCANS10,A.BISHT8,17,M.BITOSSI34,C.BIWER35,M.A.BIZOUARD23,J.K.BLACKBURN1, C.D.BLAIR51,D.G.BLAIR51,R.M.BLAIR37,S.BLOEMEN52,O.BOCK8, T. P. BODIYA10,M.BOER53,G.BOGAERT53, C.BOGAN8,A.BOHE29, P. BOJTOS54,C.BOND45, F. BONDU55,R.BONNAND7,B.A.BOOM9,R.BORK1, V. BOSCHI18,19, S.BOSE56,14, Y. BOUFFANAIS30,A.BOZZI34,C.BRADASCHIA19, P. R. BRADY16, V. B. BRAGINSKY49, M.BRANCHESI57,58,J.E.BRAU59, T. BRIANT60,A.BRILLET53,M.BRINKMANN8, V. BRISSON23, P. BROCKILL16, A. F. BROOKS1,D.A.BROWN35,D.D.BROWN45,N.M.BROWN10,C.C.BUCHANAN2,A.BUIKEMA10, T. BULIK61, H.J.BULTEN62,9,A.BUONANNO29,63,D.BUSKULIC7,C.BUY30,R.L.BYER41,L.CADONATI64,G.CAGNOLI65,66, C.CAHILLANE1,J.C.BUSTILLO67,64, T. CALLISTER1,E.CALLONI68,4,J.B.CAMP39,K.C.CANNON69,J.CAO70, LOCALIZATIONANDBROADBANDFOLLOW-UPOF GW150914 11

C.D.CAPANO8,E.CAPOCASA30, F. CARBOGNANI34,S.CARIDE71,J.C.DIAZ23,C.CASENTINI25,13,S.CAUDILL16, M.CAVAGLIA` 21, F. CAVALIER23,R.CAVALIERI34,G.CELLA19,C.B.CEPEDA1,L.C.BAIARDI57,58,G.CERRETANI18,19, E.CESARINI25,13,R.CHAKRABORTY1, T. CHALERMSONGSAK1,S.J.CHAMBERLIN72,M.CHAN36,S.CHAO73, P. CHARLTON74,E.CHASSANDE-MOTTIN30, H. Y. CHEN75, Y. CHEN76,C.CHENG73,A.CHINCARINI47,A.CHIUMMO34, H.S.CHO77,M.CHO63,J.H.CHOW20,N.CHRISTENSEN78,Q.CHU51,S.CHUA60,S.CHUNG51,G.CIANI5, F. CLARA37, J.A.CLARK64, F. CLEVA53,E.COCCIA25,12,13, P.-F. COHADON60,A.COLLA79,28,C.G.COLLETTE80,L.COMINSKY81, M.CONSTANCIO JR.11,A.CONTE79,28,L.CONTI43,D.COOK37, T. R. CORBITT2,N.CORNISH31,A.CORSI71, S.CORTESE34,C.A.COSTA11, M. W. COUGHLIN78,S.B.COUGHLIN82, J.-P. COULON53, S. T. COUNTRYMAN40, P. COUVARES1,E.E.COWAN64,D.M.COWARD51,M.J.COWART6,D.C.COYNE1,R.COYNE71,K.CRAIG36, J.D.E.CREIGHTON16,J.CRIPE2,S.G.CROWDER83,A.CUMMING36,L.CUNNINGHAM36,E.CUOCO34, T. DAL CANTON8,S.L.DANILISHIN36,S.D’ANTONIO13,K.DANZMANN17,8,N.S.DARMAN84, V. DATTILO34, I.DAVE48, H. P. DAVELOZA85,M.DAVIER23,G.S.DAVIES36,E.J.DAW86,R.DAY34,D.DEBRA41,G.DEBRECZENI38, J.DEGALLAIX66,M.DE LAURENTIS68,4,S.DELEGLISE´ 60, W. DEL POZZO45, T. DENKER8,17, T. DENT8,H.DERELI53, V. DERGACHEV1, R. T. DEROSA6,R.DE ROSA68,4,R.DESALVO87,S.DHURANDHAR14,M.C.D´IAZ85,L.DI FIORE4, M.DI GIOVANNI79,28,A.DI LIETO18,19,S.DI PACE79,28,I.DI PALMA29,8,A.DI VIRGILIO19,G.DOJCINOSKI88, V. DOLIQUE66, F. DONOVAN10,K.L.DOOLEY21,S.DORAVARI6,8,R.DOUGLAS36, T. P. DOWNES16,M.DRAGO8,89,90, R. W. P. DREVER1,J.C.DRIGGERS37,Z.DU70,M.DUCROT7,S.E.DWYER37, T. B. EDO86,M.C.EDWARDS78, A.EFFLER6,H.-B.EGGENSTEIN8, P. EHRENS1,J.EICHHOLZ5,S.S.EIKENBERRY5, W. ENGELS76,R.C.ESSICK10, T. ETZEL1,M.EVANS10, T. M. EVANS6,R.EVERETT72,M.FACTOUROVICH40, V. FAFONE25,13,12,H.FAIR35, S.FAIRHURST91,X.FAN70,Q.FANG51,S.FARINON47,B.FARR75, W. M. FARR45,M.FAVATA88,M.FAYS91, H.FEHRMANN8,M.M.FEJER41,I.FERRANTE18,19,E.C.FERREIRA11, F. FERRINI34, F. FIDECARO18,19,I.FIORI34, D.FIORUCCI30, R. P. FISHER35,R.FLAMINIO66,92,M.FLETCHER36,J.-D.FOURNIER53,S.FRANCO23,S.FRASCA79,28, F. FRASCONI19,Z.FREI54,A.FREISE45,R.FREY59, V. FREY23, T. T. FRICKE8, P. FRITSCHEL10, V. V. FROLOV6, P. FULDA5,M.FYFFE6,H.A.G.GABBARD21,J.R.GAIR93,L.GAMMAITONI32,33,S.G.GAONKAR14, F. GARUFI68,4, A.GATTO30,G.GAUR94,95,N.GEHRELS39,G.GEMME47,B.GENDRE53,E.GENIN34,A.GENNAI19,J.GEORGE48, L.GERGELY96, V. GERMAIN7,A.GHOSH15,S.GHOSH52,9,J.A.GIAIME2,6,K.D.GIARDINA6,A.GIAZOTTO19, K.GILL97,A.GLAEFKE36,E.GOETZ98,R.GOETZ5,L.GONDAN54,G.GONZALEZ´ 2,J.M.G.CASTRO18,19, A.GOPAKUMAR99,N.A.GORDON36,M.L.GORODETSKY49,S.E.GOSSAN1,M.GOSSELIN34,R.GOUATY7, C.GRAEF36, P. B. GRAFF63,M.GRANATA66,A.GRANT36,S.GRAS10,C.GRAY37,G.GRECO57,58,A.C.GREEN45, P. GROOT52,H.GROTE8,S.GRUNEWALD29,G.M.GUIDI57,58,X.GUO70,A.GUPTA14,M.K.GUPTA95,K.E.GUSHWA1, E.K.GUSTAFSON1,R.GUSTAFSON98,J.J.HACKER22,B.R.HALL56,E.D.HALL1,G.HAMMOND36,M.HANEY99, M.M.HANKE8,J.HANKS37,C.HANNA72,M.D.HANNAM91,J.HANSON6, T. HARDWICK2,K.HARIS100,J.HARMS57,58, G.M.HARRY101, I. W. HARRY29,M.J.HART36, M. T. HARTMAN5,C.-J.HASTER45,K.HAUGHIAN36,A.HEIDMANN60, M.C.HEINTZE5,6,H.HEITMANN53, P. HELLO23,G.HEMMING34,M.HENDRY36,I.S.HENG36,J.HENNIG36, A. W. HEPTONSTALL1,M.HEURS8,17,S.HILD36,D.HOAK102,K.A.HODGE1,D.HOFMAN66,S.E.HOLLITT103, K.HOLT6,D.E.HOLZ75, P. HOPKINS91,D.J.HOSKEN103,J.HOUGH36,E.A.HOUSTON36,E.J.HOWELL51, Y. M. HU36, S.HUANG73,E.A.HUERTA104,82,D.HUET23,B.HUGHEY97,S.HUSA67,S.H.HUTTNER36, T. HUYNH-DINH6, A.IDRISY72,N.INDIK8,D.R.INGRAM37,R.INTA71,H.N.ISA36,J.-M.ISAC60,M.ISI1,G.ISLAS22, T. ISOGAI10, B.R.IYER15,K.IZUMI37, T. JACQMIN60,H.JANG77,K.JANI64, P. JARANOWSKI105,S.JAWAHAR106, F. JIMENEZ´ -FORTEZA67, W. W. JOHNSON2,D.I.JONES26,R.JONES36,R.J.G.JONKER9,L.JU51, C. V. KALAGHATGI24,91, V. KALOGERA82,S.KANDHASAMY21,G.KANG77,J.B.KANNER1,S.KARKI59, M.KASPRZACK2,23,34,E.KATSAVOUNIDIS10, W. KATZMAN6,S.KAUFER17, T. KAUR51,K.KAWABE37, F. KAWAZOE8,17, F. KEF´ ELIAN´ 53,M.S.KEHL69,D.KEITEL8,67,D.B.KELLEY35, W. KELLS1,R.KENNEDY86,J.S.KEY85, A.KHALAIDOVSKI8, F. Y. KHALILI49,I.KHAN12,S.KHAN91,Z.KHAN95,E.A.KHAZANOV107,N.KIJBUNCHOO37, C.KIM77,J.KIM108,K.KIM109,N.KIM77,N.KIM41, Y.-M. KIM108,E.J.KING103, P. J. KING37,D.L.KINZEL6, J.S.KISSEL37,L.KLEYBOLTE27,S.KLIMENKO5,S.M.KOEHLENBECK8,K.KOKEYAMA2,S.KOLEY9, V. KONDRASHOV1,A.KONTOS10,M.KOROBKO27, W. Z. KORTH1,I.KOWALSKA61,D.B.KOZAK1, V. KRINGEL8, A.KROLAK´ 110,111,C.KRUEGER17,G.KUEHN8, P. KUMAR69,L.KUO73,A.KUTYNIA110,B.D.LACKEY35, M.LANDRY37,J.LANGE112,B.LANTZ41, P. D. LASKY113,A.LAZZARINI1,C.LAZZARO64,43, P. LEACI29,79,28, S.LEAVEY36,E.O.LEBIGOT30,70,C.H.LEE108,H.K.LEE109,H.M.LEE114,K.LEE36,A.LENON35,M.LEONARDI89,90, J.R.LEONG8,N.LEROY23,N.LETENDRE7, Y. LEVIN113,B.M.LEVINE37, T. G. F. LI1,A.LIBSON10, T. B. LITTENBERG115,N.A.LOCKERBIE106,J.LOGUE36,A.L.LOMBARDI102,J.E.LORD35,M.LORENZINI12,13, V. LORIETTE116,M.LORMAND6,G.LOSURDO58,J.D.LOUGH8,17,H.LUCK¨ 17,8, A. P. LUNDGREN8,J.LUO78, R.LYNCH10, Y. MA51, T. MACDONALD41,B.MACHENSCHALK8,M.MACINNIS10,D.M.MACLEOD2, 12

F. MAGANA˜ -SANDOVAL35,R.M.MAGEE56,M.MAGESWARAN1,E.MAJORANA28,I.MAKSIMOVIC116, V. MALVEZZI25,13,N.MAN53,I.MANDEL45, V. MANDIC83, V. MANGANO36,G.L.MANSELL20,M.MANSKE16, M.MANTOVANI34, F. MARCHESONI117,33, F. MARION7,S.MARKA´ 40,Z.MARKA´ 40,A.S.MARKOSYAN41,E.MAROS1, F. MARTELLI57,58,L.MARTELLINI53, I. W. MARTIN36,R.M.MARTIN5, D. V. MARTYNOV1,J.N.MARX1,K.MASON10, A.MASSEROT7, T. J. MASSINGER35,M.MASSO-REID36, F. MATICHARD10,L.MATONE40,N.MAVALVALA10, N.MAZUMDER56,G.MAZZOLO8,R.MCCARTHY37,D.E.MCCLELLAND20,S.MCCORMICK6,S.C.MCGUIRE118, G.MCINTYRE1,J.MCIVER1,D.J.MCMANUS20, S. T. MCWILLIAMS104,D.MEACHER72,G.D.MEADORS29,8, J.MEIDAM9,A.MELATOS84,G.MENDELL37,D.MENDOZA-GANDARA8,R.A.MERCER16,E.MERILH37, M.MERZOUGUI53,S.MESHKOV1,C.MESSENGER36,C.MESSICK72, P. M. MEYERS83, F. MEZZANI28,79,H.MIAO45, C.MICHEL66,H.MIDDLETON45,E.E.MIKHAILOV119,L.MILANO68,4,J.MILLER10,M.MILLHOUSE31, Y. MINENKOV13, J.MING29,8,S.MIRSHEKARI120,C.MISHRA15,S.MITRA14, V. P. MITROFANOV49,G.MITSELMAKHER5, R.MITTLEMAN10,A.MOGGI19,M.MOHAN34, S. R. P. MOHAPATRA10,M.MONTANI57,58,B.C.MOORE88, C.J.MOORE121,D.MORARU37,G.MORENO37,S.R.MORRISS85,K.MOSSAVI8,B.MOURS7,C.M.MOW-LOWRY45, C.L.MUELLER5,G.MUELLER5, A. W. MUIR91,A.MUKHERJEE15,D.MUKHERJEE16,S.MUKHERJEE85,N.MUKUND14, A.MULLAVEY6,J.MUNCH103,D.J.MURPHY40, P. G. MURRAY36,A.MYTIDIS5,I.NARDECCHIA25,13, L.NATICCHIONI79,28,R.K.NAYAK122, V. NECULA5,K.NEDKOVA102,G.NELEMANS52,9,M.NERI46,47,A.NEUNZERT98, G.NEWTON36, T. T. NGUYEN20,A.B.NIELSEN8,S.NISSANKE52,9,A.NITZ8, F. NOCERA34,D.NOLTING6, M.E.N.NORMANDIN85,L.K.NUTTALL35,J.OBERLING37,E.OCHSNER16,J.O’DELL123,E.OELKER10,G.H.OGIN124, J.J.OH125,S.H.OH125, F. OHME91,M.OLIVER67, P. OPPERMANN8,R.J.ORAM6,B.O’REILLY6, R.O’SHAUGHNESSY112,D.J.OTTAWAY103,R.S.OTTENS5,H.OVERMIER6,B.J.OWEN71,A.PAI100,S.A.PAI48, J.R.PALAMOS59,O.PALASHOV107,N.PALLIYAGURU71,C.PALOMBA28,A.PAL-SINGH27,H.PAN73,C.PANKOW82, F. PANNARALE91,B.C.PANT48, F. PAOLETTI34,19,A.PAOLI34,M.A.PAPA29,16,8,H.R.PARIS41, W. PARKER6, D.PASCUCCI36,A.PASQUALETTI34,R.PASSAQUIETI18,19,D.PASSUELLO19,B.PATRICELLI18,19,Z.PATRICK41, B.L.PEARLSTONE36,M.PEDRAZA1,R.PEDURAND66,L.PEKOWSKY35,A.PELE6,S.PENN126,A.PERRECA1, M.PHELPS36,O.PICCINNI79,28,M.PICHOT53, F. PIERGIOVANNI57,58, V. PIERRO87,G.PILLANT34,L.PINARD66, I.M.PINTO87,M.PITKIN36,R.POGGIANI18,19, P. POPOLIZIO34,A.POST8,J.POWELL36,J.PRASAD14, V. PREDOI91, S.S.PREMACHANDRA113, T. PRESTEGARD83,L.R.PRICE1,M.PRIJATELJ34,M.PRINCIPE87,S.PRIVITERA29, G.A.PRODI89,90,L.PROKHOROV49,O.PUNCKEN8,M.PUNTURO33, P. PUPPO28,M.PURRER¨ 29,H.QI16,J.QIN51, V. QUETSCHKE85,E.A.QUINTERO1,R.QUITZOW-JAMES59, F. J. RAAB37,D.S.RABELING20,H.RADKINS37, P. RAFFAI54,S.RAJA48,M.RAKHMANOV85, P. RAPAGNANI79,28, V. RAYMOND29,M.RAZZANO18,19, V. RE25,J.READ22, C.M.REED37, T. REGIMBAU53,L.REI47,S.REID50,D.H.REITZE1,5,H.REW119,S.D.REYES35, F. RICCI79,28, K.RILES98,N.A.ROBERTSON1,36,R.ROBIE36, F. ROBINET23,A.ROCCHI13,L.ROLLAND7,J.G.ROLLINS1, V. J. ROMA59,R.ROMANO3,4,G.ROMANOV119,J.H.ROMIE6,D.ROSINSKA´ 127,44,S.ROWAN36,A.RUDIGER¨ 8, P. RUGGI34,K.RYAN37,S.SACHDEV1, T. SADECKI37,L.SADEGHIAN16,L.SALCONI34,M.SALEEM100, F. SALEMI8, A.SAMAJDAR122,L.SAMMUT84,113,E.J.SANCHEZ1, V. SANDBERG37,B.SANDEEN82,J.R.SANDERS98,35, B.SASSOLAS66,B.S.SATHYAPRAKASH91, P. R. SAULSON35,O.SAUTER98,R.L.SAVAGE37,A.SAWADSKY17, † P. SCHALE59,R.SCHILLING 8,J.SCHMIDT8, P. SCHMIDT1,76,R.SCHNABEL27,R.M.S.SCHOFIELD59, A.SCHONBECK¨ 27,E.SCHREIBER8,D.SCHUETTE8,17, B. F. SCHUTZ91,29,J.SCOTT36,S.M.SCOTT20,D.SELLERS6, D.SENTENAC34, V. SEQUINO25,13,A.SERGEEV107,G.SERNA22, Y. SETYAWATI52,9,A.SEVIGNY37,D.A.SHADDOCK20, S.SHAH52,9,M.S.SHAHRIAR82,M.SHALTEV8,Z.SHAO1,B.SHAPIRO41, P. SHAWHAN63,A.SHEPERD16, D.H.SHOEMAKER10,D.M.SHOEMAKER64,K.SIELLEZ53,64,X.SIEMENS16,D.SIGG37,A.D.SILVA11,D.SIMAKOV8, A.SINGER1,A.SINGH29,8,R.SINGH2,A.SINGHAL12,A.M.SINTES67,B.J.J.SLAGMOLEN20,J.R.SMITH22, N.D.SMITH1,R.J.E.SMITH1,E.J.SON125,B.SORAZU36, F. SORRENTINO47, T. SOURADEEP14,A.K.SRIVASTAVA95, A.STALEY40,M.STEINKE8,J.STEINLECHNER36,S.STEINLECHNER36,D.STEINMEYER8,17,B.C.STEPHENS16, R.STONE85,K.A.STRAIN36,N.STRANIERO66,G.STRATTA57,58,N.A.STRAUSS78,S.STRIGIN49,R.STURANI120, A.L.STUVER6, T. Z. SUMMERSCALES128,L.SUN84, P. J. SUTTON91,B.L.SWINKELS34,M.J.SZCZEPANCZYK´ 97, M.TACCA30,D.TALUKDER59,D.B.TANNER5,M.TAPAI´ 96, S. P. TARABRIN8,A.TARACCHINI29,R.TAYLOR1, T. THEEG8, M. P. THIRUGNANASAMBANDAM1,E.G.THOMAS45,M.THOMAS6, P. THOMAS37,K.A.THORNE6, K.S.THORNE76,E.THRANE113,S.TIWARI12, V. TIWARI91, K. V. TOKMAKOV106,C.TOMLINSON86,M.TONELLI18,19, ‡ C. V. TORRES 85,C.I.TORRIE1,D.TOYR¨ A¨ 45, F. TRAVASSO32,33,G.TRAYLOR6,D.TRIFIRO` 21,M.C.TRINGALI89,90, L.TROZZO129,19,M.TSE10,M.TURCONI53,D.TUYENBAYEV85,D.UGOLINI130,C.S.UNNIKRISHNAN99, A.L.URBAN16,S.A.USMAN35,H.VAHLBRUCH17,G.VAJENTE1,G.VALDES85,N. VAN BAKEL9,M. VAN BEUZEKOM9, J. F. J. VAN DEN BRAND62,9,C.VAN DEN BROECK9,D.C.VANDER-HYDE35,22,L. VAN DER SCHAAF9, J. V. VAN HEIJNINGEN9,A.A. VAN VEGGEL36,M.VARDARO42,43,S.VASS1,M.VASUTH´ 38,R.VAULIN10,A.VECCHIO45, LOCALIZATIONANDBROADBANDFOLLOW-UPOF GW150914 13

G.VEDOVATO43,J.VEITCH45, P. J. VEITCH103,K.VENKATESWARA131,D.VERKINDT7, F. VETRANO57,58, A.VICERE´ 57,58,S.VINCIGUERRA45,D.J.VINE50, J.-Y. VINET53,S.VITALE10, T. VO35,H.VOCCA32,33,C.VORVICK37, D.VOSS5, W. D. VOUSDEN45, S. P. VYATCHANIN49,A.R.WADE20,L.E.WADE132,M.WADE132,M.WALKER2, L.WALLACE1,S.WALSH16,8,29,G.WANG12,H.WANG45,M.WANG45,X.WANG70, Y. WANG51,R.L.WARD20, J.WARNER37,M.WAS7,B.WEAVER37, L.-W. WEI53,M.WEINERT8,A.J.WEINSTEIN1,R.WEISS10, T. WELBORN6, L.WEN51, P. WESSELS8, T. WESTPHAL8,K.WETTE8, J. T. WHELAN112,8,D.J.WHITE86, B. F. WHITING5, R.D.WILLIAMS1,A.R.WILLIAMSON91,J.L.WILLIS133,B.WILLKE17,8,M.H.WIMMER8,17, W. WINKLER8, C.C.WIPF1,H.WITTEL8,17,G.WOAN36,J.WORDEN37,J.L.WRIGHT36,G.WU6,J.YABLON82, W. YAM10, H.YAMAMOTO1,C.C.YANCEY63,M.J.YAP20,H.YU10,M.YVERT7,A.ZADROZNY˙ 110,L.ZANGRANDO43, M.ZANOLIN97, J.-P. ZENDRI43,M.ZEVIN82, F. ZHANG10,L.ZHANG1,M.ZHANG119, Y. ZHANG112,C.ZHAO51, M.ZHOU82,Z.ZHOU82,X.J.ZHU51,M.E.ZUCKER1,10,S.E.ZURAW102,J.ZWEIZIG1 The LIGO Scientiﬁc Collaboration and the Virgo Collaboration

J.ALLISON134,135,K.BANNISTER134,135,M.E.BELL134,135,S.CHATTERJEE136, A. P. CHIPPENDALE134, P. G. EDWARDS134,L.HARVEY-SMITH134,IAN HEYWOOD134,137,A.HOTAN138,B.INDERMUEHLE134,J.MARVIL134, D.MCCONNELL134, T. MURPHY139,135,A.POPPING140,135,J.REYNOLDS134,R.J.SAULT84,134,M.A.VORONKOV134, M. T. WHITING134 The Australian Square Kilometer Array Pathﬁnder (ASKAP) Collaboration

A.J.CASTRO-TIRADO141,142,R.CUNNIFFE141,M.JELÍNEK143,J.C.TELLO141,S.R.OATES141, Y.-D. HU141, P. KUBANEK´ 144,S.GUZIY145,A.CASTELLON´ 146,A.GARCÍA-CEREZO142, V. F. MUNOZ˜ 142,C.PEREZDEL´ PULGAR142, S.CASTILLO-CARRION´ 147,J.M.CASTRO CERON´ 148,R.HUDEC143,149,M.D.CABALLERO-GARCÍA150, P. PATA´ 149, S.VITEK149,J.A.ADAME151,S.KONIG151, F. RENDON´ 141,151, T. DE J.MATEO SANGUINO152, R.FERNANDEZ´ -MUNOZ˜ 153, P. C. YOCK154,N.RATTENBURY154, W. H. ALLEN155,R.QUEREL156,S.JEONG141,157, I.H.PARK157,J.BAI158,CH.CUI159, Y. FAN158,CH.WANG158,D.HIRIART160, W. H. LEE161,A.CLARET141, R.SANCHEZ´ -RAMÍREZ141,S.B.PANDEY162, T. MEDIAVILLA163,L.SABAU-GRAZIATI164 The BOOTES Collaboration

T. M. C. ABBOTT165, F. B. ABDALLA166,137,S.ALLAM167,J.ANNIS167,R.ARMSTRONG168,A.BENOIT-LEVY´ 169,166,170, E.BERGER171,R.A.BERNSTEIN172,E.BERTIN169,170,D.BROUT173,E.BUCKLEY-GEER167,D.L.BURKE174,175, D.CAPOZZI176,J.CARRETERO177,178, F. J. CASTANDER177,R.CHORNOCK179, P. S. COWPERTHWAITE171,M.CROCCE177, C.E.CUNHA174,C.B.D’ANDREA176,26,L.N. DA COSTA180,181,S.DESAI182,183, H. T. DIEHL167, J. P. DIETRICH182,183, Z.DOCTOR184,A.DRLICA-WAGNER167,M.R.DROUT171, T. F. EIFLER173,185,J.ESTRADA167,A.E.EVRARD98, E.FERNANDEZ178,D.A.FINLEY167,B.FLAUGHER167,R.J.FOLEY186,187, W.-F. FONG188, P. FOSALBA177,D.B.FOX189, J.FRIEMAN167,184,C.L.FRYER190,E.GAZTANAGA177, D. W. GERDES191,D.A.GOLDSTEIN192,193,D.GRUEN174,175, R.A.GRUENDL186,194,G.GUTIERREZ167,K.HERNER167,K.HONSCHEID195,196,D.J.JAMES165,M.D.JOHNSON194, M. W. G. JOHNSON194,I.KARLINER187,D.KASEN197,193,S.KENT167,R.KESSLER184,A.G.KIM193,M.C.KIND186,194, K.KUEHN198,N.KUROPATKIN167,O.LAHAV166, T. S. LI199,M.LIMA200,180,H.LIN167,M.A.G.MAIA180,181, R.MARGUTTI201,J.MARRINER167, P. MARTINI195,202, T. MATHESON203, P. MELCHIOR168,B.D.METZGER204, C.J.MILLER205,191,R.MIQUEL206,178,E.NEILSEN167,R.C.NICHOL176,B.NORD167, P. NUGENT193,R.OGANDO180,181, D.PETRAVICK194,A.A.PLAZAS185,E.QUATAERT207,N.ROE193,A.K.ROMER208,A.ROODMAN174,175, A.C.ROSELL180,181,E.S.RYKOFF174,175,M.SAKO173,E.SANCHEZ209, V. SCARPINE167,R.SCHINDLER175, M.SCHUBNELL191,D.SCOLNIC184,I.SEVILLA-NOARBE209,186,E.SHELDON210,N.SMITH188,R.C.SMITH165, M.SOARES-SANTOS167, F. SOBREIRA180,A.STEBBINS167,E.SUCHYTA173,M.E.C.SWANSON194,G.TARLE191, J.THALER187,D.THOMAS176,R.C.THOMAS193,D.L.TUCKER167, V. VIKRAM211,A.R.WALKER165, R.H.WECHSLER41,174,175, W. WESTER167,B.YANNY167, Y. ZHANG98,J.ZUNTZ212 The Dark Energy Survey and the Dark Energy Camera GW-EM Collaborations

V. CONNAUGHTON213,E.BURNS214,A.GOLDSTEIN215,216,M.S.BRIGGS217,B.-B.ZHANG218,219,C.M.HUI216, P. JENKE218,C.A.WILSON-HODGE216, P. N. BHAT218,E.BISSALDI220, W. CLEVELAND213,G.FITZPATRICK218, M.M.GILES221,M.H.GIBBY221,J.GREINER222,A. VON KIENLIN222,R.M.KIPPEN223,S.MCBREEN224, B.MAILYAN218,C.A.MEEGAN218, W. S. PACIESAS213,R.D.PREECE217,O.ROBERTS224,L.SPARKE225, M.STANBRO214,K.TOELGE222, P. VERES218, H.-F. YU222,226,L.BLACKBURN171 The Fermi GBM Collaboration 14

M.ACKERMANN227,M.AJELLO228,A.ALBERT229,B.ANDERSON230,231, W. B. ATWOOD232,M.AXELSSON233,234, L.BALDINI235,229,G.BARBIELLINI236,237,D.BASTIERI238,239,R.BELLAZZINI240,E.BISSALDI241,R.D.BLANDFORD229, E.D.BLOOM229,R.BONINO242,243,E.BOTTACINI229, T. J. BRANDT244, P. BRUEL245,S.BUSON244,246,247, G.A.CALIANDRO229,248,R.A.CAMERON229,M.CARAGIULO249,241, P. A. CARAVEO250,E.CAVAZZUTI251, E.CHARLES229,A.CHEKHTMAN252,J.CHIANG229,G.CHIARO239,S.CIPRINI251,253,J.COHEN-TANUGI254, L.R.COMINSKY255, F. COSTANZA241,A.CUOCO242,243, F. D’AMMANDO256,257, F. DE PALMA241,258,R.DESIANTE259,242, S. W. DIGEL229,N.DI LALLA240,M.DI MAURO229,L.DI VENERE249,241,A.DOM´INGUEZ228, P. S. DRELL229, R.DUBOIS229,C.FAVUZZI249,241,E.C.FERRARA244,A.FRANCKOWIAK229, Y. FUKAZAWA260,S.FUNK261, P. FUSCO249,241, F. GARGANO241,D.GASPARRINI251,253,N.GIGLIETTO249,241, P. GIOMMI251, F. GIORDANO249,241, M.GIROLETTI256, T. GLANZMAN229,G.GODFREY229,G.A.GOMEZ-VARGAS262,13,D.GREEN263,244,I.A.GRENIER264, J.E.GROVE265,S.GUIRIEC244,266,D.HADASCH267,A.K.HARDING244,E.HAYS244, J.W. HEWITT268,A.B.HILL269,229, D.HORAN245, T. JOGLER229,G.JOHANNESSON´ 270,A.S.JOHNSON229,S.KENSEI260,D.KOCEVSKI244,M.KUSS240, G.LA MURA239,267,S.LARSSON233,231,L.LATRONICO242,J.LI271,L.LI233,231, F. LONGO236,237, F. LOPARCO249,241, M.N.LOVELLETTE265, P. LUBRANO253,J.MAGILL263,S.MALDERA242,A.MANFREDA240,M.MARELLI250, M.MAYER227,M.N.MAZZIOTTA241,J.E.MCENERY244,263,272,M.MEYER230,231, P. F. MICHELSON229, N.MIRABAL244,266, T. MIZUNO273,A.A.MOISEEV247,263,M.E.MONZANI229,E.MORETTI274,A.MORSELLI13, I. V. MOSKALENKO229,M.NEGRO242,243,E.NUSS254, T. OHSUGI273,N.OMODEI229,M.ORIENTI256,E.ORLANDO229, J. F. ORMES275,D.PANEQUE274,229,J.S.PERKINS244,M.PESCE-ROLLINS240,229, F. PIRON254,G.PIVATO240, T. A. PORTER229,J.L.RACUSIN244,S.RAINO` 249,241,R.RANDO238,239,S.RAZZAQUE276,A.REIMER267,229, O.REIMER267,229,D.SALVETTI250, P. M. SAZ PARKINSON232,277,278,C.SGRO` 240,D.SIMONE241,E.J.SISKIND279, F. SPADA240,G.SPANDRE240, P. SPINELLI249,241,D.J.SUSON280,H.TAJIMA281,229,J.B.THAYER229, D.J.THOMPSON244,L.TIBALDO282, D. F. TORRES271,283,E.TROJA244,263, Y. UCHIYAMA284, T. M. VENTERS244, G.VIANELLO229,K.S.WOOD265,M.WOOD229,S.ZHU263,S.ZIMMER230,231 The Fermi LAT Collaboration

E.BROCATO285,E.CAPPELLARO286,S.COVINO287,A.GRADO288,L.NICASTRO289,E.PALAZZI289,E.PIAN289,290, L.AMATI289,L.A.ANTONELLI285,291,M.CAPACCIOLI292, P. D’AVANZO287, V. D’ELIA285,291, F. GETMAN288, G.GIUFFRIDA285,291,G.IANNICOLA285,L.LIMATOLA288,M.LISI285,S.MARINONI285,291, P. MARRESE285,286, A.MELANDRI287,S.PIRANOMONTE285,A.POSSENTI293,L.PULONE285,A.ROSSI289,A.STAMERRA290,294, L.STELLA285, V. TESTA285,L.TOMASELLA286,S.YANG286 The GRAvitational Wave Inaf TeAm (GRAWITA)

A.BAZZANO295,E.BOZZO296,S.BRANDT297, T. J.-L. COURVOISIER296,C.FERRIGNO296,L.HANLON298, E.KUULKERS299, P. LAURENT300,S.MEREGHETTI301, J. P. ROQUES302, V. SAVCHENKO303, P. UBERTINI295 The INTEGRAL Collaboration

M.M.KASLIWAL304, L. P. SINGER39,215, Y. CAO304,G.DUGGAN304,S.R.KULKARNI304, V. BHALERAO14, A.A.MILLER185,304,305, T. BARLOW304,E.BELLM304,I.MANULIS306,J.RANA14,R.LAHER307, F. MASCI307, J.SURACE307,U.REBBAPRAGADA185,D.COOK304,A.VAN SISTINE16,B.SESAR308,D.PERLEY309,R.FERRETI310, T. PRINCE304,R.KENDRICK311,A.HORESH306 The Intermediate Palomar Transient Factory (iPTF) Collaboration

K.HURLEY312, S. V. GOLENETSKII313,R.L.APTEKAR313,D.D.FREDERIKS313,D.S.SVINKIN313,A.RAU222, A. VON KIENLIN222,X.ZHANG222,D.M.SMITH232, T. CLINE39,314,H.KRIMM247,315 The InterPlanetary Network

F. ABE316,M.DOI317,K.FUJISAWA318,K.S.KAWABATA319, T. MOROKUMA317,K.MOTOHARA317,M.TANAKA320, K.OHTA321,K.YANAGISAWA322,M.YOSHIDA319 The J-GEM Collaboration

C.BALTAY323,D.RABINOWITZ323,N.ELLMAN323,S.ROSTAMI323 The La Silla–QUEST Survey

D. F. BERSIER324, M. F. BODE324,C.A.COLLINS324,C.M.COPPERWHEAT324,M.J.DARNLEY324, D.K.GALLOWAY325,326,A.GOMBOC327,328,S.KOBAYASHI324, P. MAZZALI324,C.G.MUNDELL329,A.S.PIASCIK324, LOCALIZATIONANDBROADBANDFOLLOW-UPOF GW150914 15

DON POLLACCO330,I.A.STEELE324,K.ULACZYK330 The Liverpool Telescope Collaboration

J.W. BRODERICK331, R.P. FENDER332, P.G. JONKER333,52,A.ROWLINSON331,334,135, B.W. STAPPERS212, R.A.M.J.WIJERS334 The Low Frequency Array (LOFAR) Collaboration

V. LIPUNOV335,E.GORBOVSKOY335,N.TYURINA335, V. KORNILOV335, P. BALANUTSA335,A.KUZNETSOV335, D.BUCKLEY336,R.REBOLO337,M.SERRA-RICART337,G.ISRAELIAN337,N.M.BUDNEV338,O.GRESS338, K.IVANOV338, V. POLESHUK338,A.TLATOV339, V. YURKOV340 The MASTER Collaboration

N.KAWAI341,M.SERINO342,H.NEGORO343,S.NAKAHIRA344, T. MIHARA342,H.TOMIDA345,S.UENO345, H.TSUNEMI346,M.MATSUOKA342 The MAXI Collaboration

S.CROFT347,348,L.FENG349, T. M. O. FRANZEN350,B.M.GAENSLER351,139,135,M.JOHNSTON-HOLLITT352, D.L.KAPLAN16, M. F. MORALES131,S.J.TINGAY350,135,353,R.B.WAYTH350,135,A.WILLIAMS350 The Murchison Wide-ﬁeld Array (MWA) Collaboration

S.J.SMARTT354,K.C.CHAMBERS355, K. W. SMITH354,M.E.HUBER355,D.R.YOUNG354,D.E.WRIGHT354, A.SCHULTZ355,L.DENNEAU355,H.FLEWELLING355,E.A.MAGNIER355,N.PRIMAK355,A.REST356,A.SHERSTYUK355, B.STALDER355, C. W. STUBBS357,J.TONRY355,C.WATERS355,M.WILLMAN355 The Pan-STARRS Collaboration

F. OLIVARES E.358,359,H.CAMPBELL360,R.KOTAK354,J.SOLLERMAN310,M.SMITH26,M.DENNEFELD361, J. P. ANDERSON362, M. T. BOTTICELLA288, T.-W. CHEN222,M.D.VALLE288,N.ELIAS-ROSA286,M.FRASER360, C.INSERRA354,E.KANKARE354, T. KUPFER304,J.HARMANEN363,L.GALBANY358,364,L.LE GUILLOU365,366, J.D.LYMAN330,K.MAGUIRE354,A.MITRA366,M.NICHOLL171,A.RAZZA358,364,G.TERRERAN286,354, S.VALENTI367,368,A.GAL-YAM369 The PESSTO Collaboration

A. C´ WIEK110,M. C´ WIOK370,L.MANKIEWICZ371,R.OPIELA371,M.ZAREMBA370, A. F. Z˙ ARNECKI370 The Pi of the Sky Collaboration

C.A.ONKEN20,135,R.A.SCALZO20,135, B. P. SCHMIDT20,135,C.WOLF20,135, F. YUAN20,135 The SkyMapper Collaboration

P. A. EVANS372,J.A.KENNEA72,D.N.BURROWS72,S.CAMPANA287,S.B.CENKO39,373, P. GIOMMI291, F. E. MARSHALL39,J.NOUSEK72, P. O’BRIEN372, J. P. OSBORNE372,D.PALMER374,M.PERRI291,285,M.SIEGEL72, G.TAGLIAFERRI287 The Swift Collaboration

A.KLOTZ375,D.TURPIN375,R.LAUGIER53 The TAROT, Zadko, Algerian National Observatory, and C2PU Collaboration

M.BEROIZ85,376, T. PENUELA˜ 85,183,L.M.MACRI377,R.J.OELKERS377,D.G.LAMBAS378,R.VRECH378,J.CABRAL378, C.COLAZO378,M.DOMINGUEZ378,B.SANCHEZ378,S.GUROVICH378,M.LARES378,J.L.MARSHALL377, D.L.DEPOY377,N.PADILLA379,N.A.PEREYRA85,M.BENACQUISTA85 The TOROS Collaboration

N.R.TANVIR372,K.WIERSEMA372,A.J.LEVAN330,D.STEEGHS330,J.HJORTH309, J. P. U. FYNBO309,D.MALESANI309, B.MILVANG-JENSEN309,D.WATSON309,M.IRWIN360,C.G.FERNANDEZ360,R.G.MCMAHON360,M.BANERJI360, E.GONZALEZ-SOLARES360,S.SCHULZE379,358,A. DE U.POSTIGO380,309,C.C.THOENE380,Z.CANO381,S.ROSSWOG310 The VISTA Collaboration 16

1LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA 2Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA 3Universita` di Salerno, Fisciano, I-84084 Salerno, Italy 4INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Complesso Universitario di Monte S.Angelo, I-80126 Napoli, Italy 5University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA 6LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, LA 70754, USA 7Laboratoire d’Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Universite´ Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France 8Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut fur¨ Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany 9Nikhef, Science Park, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands 10LIGO, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA 11Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais, 12227-010 Sao˜ Jose´ dos Campos, SP, Brazil 12INFN, Gran Sasso Science Institute, I-67100 L’Aquila, Italy 13Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Roma “Tor Vergata,” I-00133 Roma, Italy 14Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pune 411007, India 15International Centre for Theoretical Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bangalore 560012, India 16University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53201, USA 17Leibniz Universitat¨ Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany 18Universita` di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy 19INFN, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy 20Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 0200, Australia 21The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA 22California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, CA 92831, USA 23LAL, Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS/IN2P3, Universite´ Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France 24Chennai Mathematical Institute, Chennai, India 25Universita` di Roma “Tor Vergata,” I-00133 Roma, Italy 26School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK 27Universitat¨ Hamburg, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany 28INFN, Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy 29Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut fur¨ Gravitationsphysik, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany 30APC, AstroParticule et Cosmologie, Universite´ Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/Irfu, Observatoire de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cite,´ F-75205 Paris Cedex 13, France 31Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA 32Universita` di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy 33INFN, Sezione di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy 34European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy 35Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA 36SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom 37LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, WA 99352, USA 38Wigner RCP, RMKI, H-1121 Budapest, Konkoly Thege Miklos´ ut´ 29-33, Hungary 39NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA 40Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA 41Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA 42Universita` di Padova, Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, I-35131 Padova, Italy 43INFN, Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy 44CAMK-PAN, 00-716 Warsaw, Poland 45University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom 46Universita` degli Studi di Genova, I-16146 Genova, Italy 47INFN, Sezione di Genova, I-16146 Genova, Italy 48RRCAT, Indore MP 452013, India 49Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia 50SUPA, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley PA1 2BE, United Kingdom 51University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia 52Department of Astrophysics/IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, P.O. Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen, The Netherlands 53Artemis, Universite´ Coteˆ d’Azur, CNRS, Observatoire Coteˆ d’Azur, CS 34229, Nice cedex 4, France LOCALIZATIONANDBROADBANDFOLLOW-UPOF GW150914 17

54MTA Eotv¨ os¨ University, “Lendulet” Astrophysics Research Group, Budapest 1117, Hungary 55Institut de Physique de Rennes, CNRS, Universite´ de Rennes 1, F-35042 Rennes, France 56Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA 57Universita` degli Studi di Urbino “Carlo Bo,” I-61029 Urbino, Italy 58INFN, Sezione di Firenze, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy 59University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA 60Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, UPMC-Sorbonne Universites,´ CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, College` de France, F-75005 Paris, France 61Astronomical Observatory Warsaw University, 00-478 Warsaw, Poland 62VU University Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands 63University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA 64Center for Relativistic Astrophysics and School of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA 65Institut Lumiere` Matiere,` Universite´ de Lyon, Universite´ Claude Bernard Lyon 1, UMR CNRS 5306, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France 66Laboratoire des Materiaux´ Avances´ (LMA), IN2P3/CNRS, Universite´ de Lyon, F-69622 Villeurbanne, Lyon, France 67Universitat de les Illes Balears, IAC3—IEEC, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain 68Universita` di Napoli ’Federico II’, Complesso Universitario di Monte S.Angelo, I-80126 Napoli, Italy 69Canadian Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H8, Canada 70Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China 71Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA 72The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA 73National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu City, 30013, Taiwan R.O.C. 74Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales 2678, Australia 75University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA 76Caltech CaRT, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA 77Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information, Daejeon 305-806, Korea 78Carleton College, Northfield, MN 55057, USA 79Universita` di Roma “La Sapienza,” I-00185 Roma, Italy 80University of Brussels, Brussels B-1050, Belgium 81Sonoma State University, Rohnert Park, CA 94928, USA 82Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA 83University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA 84The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia 85The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX 78520, USA 86The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, United Kingdom 87University of Sannio at Benevento, I-82100 Benevento, Italy and INFN, Sezione di Napoli, I-80100 Napoli, Italy 88Montclair State University, Montclair, NJ 07043, USA 89Universita` di Trento, Dipartimento di Fisica, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italy 90INFN, Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Applications, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italy 91Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, United Kingdom 92National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan 93School of Mathematics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FD, United Kingdom 94Indian Institute of Technology, Gandhinagar, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 382424, India 95Institute for Plasma Research, Bhat, Gandhinagar 382428, India 96University of Szeged, Dom´ ter´ 9, Szeged 6720, Hungary 97Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Prescott, AZ 86301, USA 98University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA 99Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai 400005, India 100IISER-TVM, CET Campus, Trivandrum Kerala 695016, India 101American University, Washington, D.C. 20016, USA 102University of Massachusetts-Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA 103University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia 104West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA 105University of Białystok, 15-424 Białystok, Poland 106SUPA, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XQ, United Kingdom 107Institute of Applied Physics, Nizhny Novgorod, 603950, Russia 18

108Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Korea 109Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, Korea 110NCBJ, 05-400 Swierk-Otwock,´ Poland 111IM-PAN, 00-956 Warsaw, Poland 112Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, USA 113Monash University, Victoria 3800, Australia 114Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea 115University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL 35899, USA 116ESPCI, CNRS, F-75005 Paris, France 117Universita` di Camerino, Dipartimento di Fisica, I-62032 Camerino, Italy 118Southern University and A&M College, Baton Rouge, LA 70813, USA 119College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23187, USA 120Instituto de F´ısica Teorica,´ University Estadual Paulista/ICTP South American Institute for Fundamental Research, Sao˜ Paulo SP 01140-070, Brazil 121University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, United Kingdom 122IISER-Kolkata, Mohanpur, West Bengal 741252, India 123Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, HSIC, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon OX11 0QX, United Kingdom 124Whitman College, 345 Boyer Ave, Walla Walla, WA 99362 USA 125National Institute for Mathematical Sciences, Daejeon 305-390, Korea 126Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Geneva, NY 14456, USA 127Janusz Gil Institute of Astronomy, University of Zielona Gora,´ 65-265 Zielona Gora,´ Poland 128Andrews University, Berrien Springs, MI 49104, USA 129Universita` di Siena, I-53100 Siena, Italy 130Trinity University, San Antonio, TX 78212, USA 131University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA 132Kenyon College, Gambier, OH 43022, USA 133Abilene Christian University, Abilene, TX 79699, USA 134CSIRO Astronomy and Space Science, PO Box 76, Epping NSW 1710, Australia 135ARC Centre of Excellence for All-sky Astrophysics (CAASTRO) 136Cornell Center for Astrophysics and Planetary Science, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA 137Department of Physics and Electronics, Rhodes University, PO Box 94, Grahamstown, 6140, South Africa 138CSIRO Astronomy and Space Science, 26 Dick Perry Avenue, Technology Park, Kensington WA 6151, Australia 139Sydney Institute for Astronomy, School of Physics, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia 140International Centre for Radio Astronomy Research (ICRAR), The University of Western Australia, M468, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia 141Instituto de Astrof´ısica de Andaluc´ıa (IAA-CSIC), P.O. Box 03004, E-18080 Granada, Spain 142Departamento de Ingenier´ıa de Sistemas y Automatica,´ Escuela de Ingenier´ıas, Universidad de Malaga,´ Unidad Asociada al CSIC, Dr. Pedro Ortiz Ramos, E-29071 Malaga,´ Spain 143Astronomical Institute, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic 251 65 Ondrejov,ˇ Czech Republic 144Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Na Slovance 1999/2, 182 21 Praha 8, Czech Republic 145Nikolaev National University, Nikolska str. 24, 54030 Nikolaev, Ukraine 146Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Malaga,´ Bulevard Louis Pasteur, E-29010 Malaga,´ Spain 147Ensenanza˜ Virtual y Laboratorios Tecnologicos,´ Universidad de Malaga,´ Jimenez´ Fraud 10, E-29071 Malaga,´ Spain 148ISDEFE for the SMOS FOS (ESA-ESAC), E-28692 Villanueva de la Canada˜ (Madrid), Spain 149Czech Technical University, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Dep. of Radioelectronics, Technicka´ 2 166 27 Praha, Czech Republic 150Astronomical Institute of the Academy of Sciences, Bocnˇ ´ı II 1401, CZ-14100 Praha 4, Czech Republic 151Estacion´ de Sondeos Atmosfericos´ (ESAt) de El Arenosillo (CEDEA-INTA), E-21130 Mazagon,´ Huelva, Spain 152Departamento de Ingenier´ıa Electronica,´ Sistemas Informaticos´ y Automatica,´ Universidad de Huelva, E.T.S.I. de La Rabida,´ E-21819 Palos de la Frontera (Huelva), Spain 153Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterranea´ La Mayora (IHSM/UMA-CSIC), E-29750 Algarrobo Costa (Malaga),´ Spain 154Department of Physics, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, New Zealand 155Vintage Lane Observatory, RD3, 7273 Blenheim, New Zealand 156National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research (NIWA), Lauder, New Zealand 157Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, Korea 158Yunnan Astronomical Observatory, CAS, Kunming 650011, Yunnan, China LOCALIZATIONANDBROADBANDFOLLOW-UPOF GW150914 19

159National Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100012, China 160Instituto de Astronom´ıa, Universidad Nacional Autonoma´ de Mexico,´ 22800 Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico´ 161Instituto de Astronom´ıa, Universidad Nacional Autonoma´ de Mexico,´ Apdo Postal 70-264, Cd. Universitaria, 04510 Mexico´ DF, Mexico´ 162Aryabhatta Research Institute of Observational Sciences, Manora Peak, Nainital-263 002, India 163Escuela Politecnica´ Superior, Universidad de Cadiz,´ Avda. Ramon´ Puyol, E-11202 Algeciras (Cadiz),´ Spain 164Division´ de Ciencias del Espacio, Instituto Nacional de Tecnica´ Aerospacial (INTA), E-28850 Torrejon´ de Ardoz (Madrid), Spain 165Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory, National Optical Astronomy Observatory, Casilla 603, La Serena, Chile 166Department of Physics & Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK 167Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, P. O. Box 500, Batavia, IL 60510, USA 168Department of Astrophysical Sciences, Princeton University, Peyton Hall, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA 169CNRS, UMR 7095, Institut d’Astrophysique de Paris, F-75014, Paris, France 170Sorbonne Universites,´ UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR 7095, Institut d’Astrophysique de Paris, F-75014, Paris, France 171Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138, United States 172Carnegie Observatories, 813 Santa Barbara St., Pasadena, CA 91101, USA 173Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA 174Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics & Cosmology, P. O. Box 2450, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA 175SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA 176Institute of Cosmology & Gravitation, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, PO1 3FX, UK 177Institut de Ciencies` de l’Espai, IEEC-CSIC, Campus UAB, Carrer de Can Magrans, s/n, E-08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain 178Institut de F´ısica d’Altes Energies (IFAE), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona) Spain 179Astrophysical Institute, Department of Physics and Astronomy, 251B Clippinger Lab, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA 180Laboratorio´ Interinstitucional de e-Astronomia—LIneA, Rua Gal. Jose´ Cristino 77, Rio de Janeiro, RJ - 20921-400, Brazil 182Excellence Cluster Universe, Boltzmannstr. 2, D-85748 Garching, Germany 183Ludwig Maximillian Universitat¨ Munich, Faculty of Physics, Schellingstrasse 4, D-80799 Munich, Germany 184Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA 185Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA 186Department of Astronomy, University of Illinois, 1002 W. Green Street, Urbana, IL 61801, USA 187Department of Physics, University of Illinois, 1110 W. Green St., Urbana, IL 61801, USA 188University of Arizona, Steward Observatory, University of Arizona, 933 N. Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA 189Department of Astronomy & Astrophysics, Center for Particle & Gravitational Astrophysics, and Center for Theoretical & Observational Cosmology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA 190CCS Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA 191Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA 192Department of Astronomy, University of California, Berkeley, 501 Campbell Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA 193Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA 194National Center for Supercomputing Applications, 1205 West Clark St., Urbana, IL 61801, USA 195Center for Cosmology and Astro-Particle Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA 196Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA 197Departments of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA 198Australian Astronomical Observatory, North Ryde, NSW 2113, Australia 199George P. and Cynthia Woods Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy, and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA 200Departamento de F´ısica Matematica,´ Instituto de F´ısica, Universidade de Sao˜ Paulo, CP 66318, CEP 05314-970, Sao˜ Paulo, SP, Brazil 201Center for Cosmology and Particle Physics, New York University, 4 Washington Place, New York, NY 10003, USA 202Department of Astronomy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA 203National Optical Astronomy Observatory, 950 North Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA 204Columbia Astrophysics Laboratory, Pupin Hall, New York, NY, 10027,USA 205Department of Astronomy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA 206Institucio´ Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avanc¸ats, E-08010 Barcelona, Spain 207Department of Astronomy & Theoretical Astrophysics Center, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3411, USA 208Department of Physics and Astronomy, Pevensey Building, University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9QH, UK 209Centro de Investigaciones Energeticas,´ Medioambientales y Tecnologicas´ (CIEMAT), Madrid, Spain 210Brookhaven National Laboratory, Bldg 510, Upton, NY 11973, USA 211Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, IL 60439, USA 20

212Jodrell Bank Center for Astrophysics, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK 213Universities Space Research Association, 320 Sparkman Dr. Huntsville, AL 35806, USA 214Physics Dept, University of Alabama in Huntsville, 320 Sparkman Dr., Huntsville, AL 35899, USA 215NASA Postdoctoral Program Fellow 216Astrophysics Office, ZP12, NASA/Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL 35812, USA 217Dept. of Space Science, University of Alabama in Huntsville, 320 Sparkman Dr., Huntsville, AL 35899, USA 218CSPAR, University of Alabama in Huntsville, 320 Sparkman Dr., Huntsville, AL 35899, USA 219Instituto de Astrof´ısica de Andaluca´ (IAA-CSIC), P.O. Box 03004, E-18080 Granada, Spain 220Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy 221Jacobs Technology, Inc., Huntsville, AL, USA 222Max-Planck-Institut fur¨ Extraterrestrische Physik, Giessenbachstraße 1, D-85748, Garching, Germany 223Los Alamos National Laboratory, NM 87545, USA 224School of Physics, University College Dublin, Belfield, Stillorgan Road, Dublin 4, Ireland 225NASA Headquarters, Washington DC, USA 226Excellence Cluster Universe, Technische Universitat¨ Munchen,¨ Boltzmannstr. 2, D-85748, Garching, Germany 227Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany 228Department of Physics and Astronomy, Clemson University, Kinard Lab of Physics, Clemson, SC 29634-0978, USA 229W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA 230Department of Physics, Stockholm University, AlbaNova, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden 231The Oskar Klein Centre for Cosmoparticle Physics, AlbaNova, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden 232Santa Cruz Institute for Particle Physics, Department of Physics and Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of California at Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA 233Department of Physics, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, AlbaNova, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden 234Tokyo Metropolitan University, Department of Physics, Minami-osawa 1-1, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan 235Universita` di Pisa and Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa I-56127 Pisa, Italy 236Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy 237Dipartimento di Fisica, Universita` di Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy 238Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy 239Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia “G. Galilei”, Universita` di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy 240Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy 241Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy 242Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy 243Dipartimento di Fisica Generale “Amadeo Avogadro” , Universita` degli Studi di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy 244NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA 245Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, Ecole´ polytechnique, CNRS/IN2P3, Palaiseau, France 246Department of Physics and Center for Space Sciences and Technology, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA 247Center for Research and Exploration in Space Science and Technology (CRESST) and NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA 248Consorzio Interuniversitario per la Fisica Spaziale (CIFS), I-10133 Torino, Italy 249Dipartimento di Fisica “M. Merlin” dell’Universita` e del Politecnico di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy 250INAF—Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica, I-20133 Milano, Italy 251Agenzia Spaziale Italiana (ASI) Science Data Center, I-00133 Roma, Italy 252College of Science, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, resident at Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, USA 253Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy 254Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier, Universite´ Montpellier, CNRS/IN2P3, Montpellier, France 255Department of Physics and Astronomy, Sonoma State University, Rohnert Park, CA 94928-3609, USA 256INAF Istituto di Radioastronomia, I-40129 Bologna, Italy 257Dipartimento di Astronomia, Universita` di Bologna, I-40127 Bologna, Italy 258Universita` Telematica Pegaso, Piazza Trieste e Trento, 48, I-80132 Napoli, Italy 259Universita` di Udine, I-33100 Udine, Italy 260Department of Physical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan 261Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany 262Instituto de Astrof´ısica, Facultad de F´ısica, Pontificia Universidad Catolica´ de Chile, Casilla 306, Santiago 22, Chile 263Department of Physics and Department of Astronomy, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA LOCALIZATIONANDBROADBANDFOLLOW-UPOF GW150914 21

264Laboratoire AIM, CEA-IRFU/CNRS/Universite´ Paris Diderot, Service d’Astrophysique, CEA Saclay, F-91191 Gif sur Yvette, France 265Space Science Division, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375-5352, USA 266NASA Postdoctoral Program Fellow, USA 267Institut fur¨ Astro- und Teilchenphysik and Institut fur¨ Theoretische Physik, Leopold-Franzens-Universitat¨ Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria 268University of North Florida, Department of Physics, 1 UNF Drive, Jacksonville, FL 32224 , USA 269School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK 270Science Institute, University of Iceland, IS-107 Reykjavik, Iceland 271Institute of Space Sciences (IEEC-CSIC), Campus UAB, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain 272email: [email protected] 273Hiroshima Astrophysical Science Center, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan 274Max-Planck-Institut fur¨ Physik, D-80805 Munchen,¨ Germany 275Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Denver, Denver, CO 80208, USA 276Department of Physics, University of Johannesburg, PO Box 524, Auckland Park 2006, South Africa 277Department of Physics, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China 278The University of Hong Kong, Laboratory for Space Research, Hong Kong, China 279NYCB Real-Time Computing Inc., Lattingtown, NY 11560-1025, USA 280Department of Chemistry and Physics, Purdue University Calumet, Hammond, IN 46323-2094, USA 281Solar-Terrestrial Environment Laboratory, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan 282Max-Planck-Institut fur¨ Kernphysik, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany 283Institucio´ Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain 284Department of Physics, 3-34-1 Nishi-Ikebukuro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo 171-8501, Japan 285INAF—Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma, via Frascati 33, I-00078 Monte Porzio Catone (RM), Italy 286INAF—Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova, Vicolo Osservatorio 5, I-35122 Padova, Italy 287INAF—Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera, via E. Bianchi 46, I-23807 Merate, Italy 288INAF—Osservatorio Astronomico di Capodimonte, salita Moiariello 16, I-80131 Napoli, Italy 289INAF—Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica di Bologna, via Gobetti 101, I-40129 Bologna, Italy 290Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza dei Cavalieri, 7, I-56126 Pisa, Italy 291ASI-Science Data Center, via dl Politecnico s.n.c., I-00133 Roma, Italy 292Dip. di Fisica Ettore Pancini, University of Naples Federico II, C.U. Monte Sant’Angelo, Via Cinthia, I-80126, Napoli, Italy 293INAF—ORA—Osservatorio Astronomico di Cagliari, Via della Scienza n. 5, I-09047 Selargius (CA), Italy 294INAF—Osservatorio Astronomico di Torino, Strada Osservatorio 20, I-10025, Pino Torinese (To), Italy 295INAF—Institute for Space Astrophysics and Planetology, Via Fosso del Cavaliere 100, I-00133 Rome, Italy 296ISDC, Department of astronomy, University of Geneva, chemin d’Ecogia,´ 16 CH-1290 Versoix, Switzerland 297DTU Space—National Space Institute Elektrovej—Building 327 DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby Denmark 298Space Science Group, School of Physics, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland 299European Space Astronomy Centre (ESA/ESAC), Science Operations Department, E-28691, Villanueva de la Ca nada, Madrid, Spain 300APC, AstroParticule et Cosmologie, Universite´ Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/Irfu, Observatoire de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cite,´ 10 rue Alice Domont et Leonie´ Duquet, F-75205 Paris Cedex 13, France 301INAF, IASF-Milano, via E.Bassini 15, I-20133 Milano, Italy 302Universite´ Toulouse; UPS-OMP; CNRS; IRAP; 9 Av. Roche, BP 44346, F-31028 Toulouse, France 303François Arago Centre, APC, Universite´ Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/Irfu, Observatoire de Paris,, Sorbonne Paris Cite,´ 10 rue Alice Domon et Leonie´ Duquet, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France 304Cahill Center for Astrophysics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA 305Hubble Fellow 306Department of Particle Physics and Astrophysics, Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100 Rehovot, Israel 307Infrared Processing and Analysis Center, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA 308Max Planck Institute for Astronomy, Knigstuhl 17, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany 309Dark Cosmology Centre, Niels Bohr Institute, Juliane Maries Vej 30, Copenhagen , DK-2100, Denmark 310Department of Astronomy and the Oskar Klein Centre, Stockholm University, AlbaNova, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden 311Lockheed Martin Space Systems Company, Palo Alto, CA 94304 312University of California, Berkeley, Space Sciences Laboratory, 7 Gauss Way, Berkeley, CA 94720-7450, USA 313Ioffe Physical Technical Institute, Politekhnicheskaya 26, St. Petersburg, 194021, Russia 314Emeritus 315Universities Space Research Association, 7178 Columbia Gateway Drive, Columbia, MD 21046 USA 22

316Institute for Space-Earth Environmental Research, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan 317Institute of Astronomy, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-0015, Japan 318The Research Institute for Time Studies, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Yamaguchi 753-8511, Japan 319Hiroshima Astrophysical Science Center, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan 320Division of Theoretical Astronomy, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan 321Department of Astronomy, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan 322Okayama Astrophysical Observatory, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, Asakuchi, Okayama 719-0232, Japan 323Physics Department, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA 324Astrophysics Research Institue, Liverpool JMU, Liverpool L3 5RF, UK 325Monash Centre for Astrophysics (MoCA), Monash University, Clayton VIC 3800, Australia 326School of Physics & Astronomy, Monash University, Clayton VIC 3800, Australia 327University of Nova Gorica, Vipavska 13, 5000 Nova Gorica, Slovenia 328Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, University of Ljubljana, Jadranska 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia 329Department of Physics, University of Bath, BA2 7AY, UK 330University of Warwick, Department of Physics, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK 331ASTRON, The Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA, Dwingeloo, The Netherlands 332Astrophysics, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3RH, UK 333SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research, Sorbonnelaan 2, 3584 CA Utrecht, the Netherlands 334Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands 335Lomonosov Moscow State University, Sternberg Astronomical Institute, 13, Universitetskiy prospekt, Moscow, 119234, Russia 336South African Astronomical Observatory, PO Box 9, 7935 Observatory , Cape Town, South Africa 337The Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias, Calle Via Lactea, s/n, E-38200 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain 338Applied Physics Institute, Irkutsk State University, 20, Gagarin blvd,, Irkutsk, 664003, Russia 339Kislovodsk Solar Station of the Main (Pulkovo) Observatory RAS, P.O.Box 45, ul. Gagarina 100, Kislovodsk, 357700, Russia 340Blagoveschensk State Pedagogical University, Lenin str., 104, Amur Region, Blagoveschensk, 675000, Russia 341Department of Physics, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8851, Japan 342MAXI team, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan 343Department of Physics, Nihon University, 1-8-14 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-8308, Japan 344JEM Mission Operations and Integration Center, Human Spaceflight Technology Directorate, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, 2-1-1 Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8505, Japan 345Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS), Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Chuo, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5210, Japan 346Department of Earth and Space Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan 347University of California, Berkeley, Astronomy Dept., 501 Campbell Hall #3411, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA 348Eureka Scientific, Inc., 2452 Delmer Street Suite 100, Oakland, CA 94602, USA 349Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA 350International Centre for Radio Astronomy Research, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia 351Dunlap Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3H4, Canada 352School of Chemical & Physical Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 600, Wellington 6140, New Zealand 353Osservatorio di Radio Astronomia, Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica, Bologna, I-40123, Italy 354Astrophysics Research Centre, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queens University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, UK 355Institute for Astronomy, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA 356Space Telescope Science Institute, 3700 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA 357Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA 358Millennium Institute of Astrophysics, Casilla 36D, Santiago, Chile 359Departamento de Ciencias Fisicas, Universidad Andres Bello, Avda. Republica 252, Santiago, Chile 360Institute of Astronomy, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0HA, UK 361Institut d’Astrophysique de Paris, CNRS, and Universite´ Pierre et Marie Curie, 98 bis Boulevard Arago, F-75014, Paris, France 362European Southern Observatory, Alonso de Cordova 3107, Vitacura, Santiago, Chile 363Tuorla Observatory, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Turku, Vai¨ al¨ antie¨ 20, FI-21500 Piikkio,¨ Finland 364Departamento de Astronomia, Universidad de Chile, Camino El Observatorio 1515, Las Condes, Santiago, Chile 365Sorbonne Universites,´ UPMC Univ. Paris 06, UMR 7585, LPNHE, F-75005, Paris, France 366CNRS, UMR 7585, Laboratoire de Physique Nucleaire et des Hautes Energies, 4 place Jussieu, F-75005 Paris, France 367Las Cumbres Observatory Global Telescope Network, 6740 Cortona Dr., Suite 102, Goleta, CA 93117, USA LOCALIZATIONANDBROADBANDFOLLOW-UPOF GW150914 23

368Department of Physics, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA 369Benoziyo Center for Astrophysics, Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100 Rehovot, Israel 370Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, 02-093 Warszawa, Poland 371Center for Theoretical Physics of the Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-668 Warszawa, Poland 372Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK 373Joint Space-Science Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA 374Los Alamos National Laboratory, B244, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA 375L’Institut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planetologie,´ CNRS UMR 5277/UPS, 14 avenue Edouard Belin, F-31400 Toulouse, France 376University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA 377Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, 4242 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843, USA 378Universidad Nacional de Cordoba,´ IATE, Laprida 854, Cordoba,´ Argentina 379Instituto de Astrof´ısica, Pontiﬁcia Universidad Catolica´ de Chile, Av. Vicuna˜ Mackenna 4860, Santiago, Chile 380Instituto de Astrof´ısica de Andaluc´ıa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cient´ıﬁcas, Glorieta de la Astronom´ıa s/n, E-18008 Granada, Spain 381Centre for Astrophysics and Cosmology, Science Institute, University of Iceland, 107 Reykjavik, Iceland