'The Whole World Is Watching . You'.;·•Ixon

MAY 19, 1972 25 CENTS VOLUME 36/NUMBER-19

A SOCIALIST NEWSWEEKLY/PUBLISHED IN THE INTERESTS OF THE WORKING PEOPLE --- 'The whOle world is watching .yoU'.;·•ixon

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The following statement was issued by Linda Jenness, So stop Nixon and end the war. The goal of the antiwar move­ cialist Workers Party candidate for president. ment should be to involve the massive numbers of anti­ war Americans in protest action. And we can only do this When President Nixon went on TV May 8 to announce if we go out into neighborhoods, shopping centers, schools, his decision to seal off North VIetnam's supply routes and work places, and military bases, passing out leaflets, placing to launch all-out genocidal bombing' of both the North and . ads in newspapers, talking to people,. and organizing dem- South, he made a special plea to the American people to support him in this bloody escalation. He said u It is you, most of all, that the world will be watching." The world is watching the American people-to see whether United actions called NEW YORK CITY, May· 10-The National Peace Action Coalition we will allow Nixon to get away with this dangerous new and the People's Coalition for Peace and Justice decided at a meeting escalation that contains within it the possibility of world here today to join forces in calling for a massive march and rally war and nuclear destruction. against the war in Washington, D. C., on Sunday, May 21, and for On the very night of Nixon's speech, and on the following sustained antiwar action in Washington and around the country after days, students and others spontaneously took to the streets that date. to express outrage at Nixon's action. These protests, and Representatives of other groups also participated in_ the meeting, in­ the demonstrations May 13, must be only the be­ cluding national Americans for Democratic ActioD, SANE, Business ginning. We must continue and deepen this revolt against Executives Move for Peace, the New York Peace Parade Committee, the war by building antiwar actions everywhere. the Student Mobilization Committee, Philadelphia PAC, Grea~ Boston In May 1970 massive antiwar pro,tests forced Nixon to PAC, Women Strike for Peace, and others. The meeting was chaired end his invasion of Cambodia. The antiwar movement has by Distributive Workers District 65 Vice-President AI Evanoff after David ·forced Nixon to withdraw hundreds of thousands of ground Livingston, District 65's president, welcomed the gathering. The Student Mobilization Committee is serving as a national anti­ combat troops. The American people have the power to war information center for student activities. Its address is 150 Fifth stop this new escalation as well if they act to end it. And Ave., Suite 911, New York, N.Y. 10011. Telephone: (212) 741-1960. Nixon knows this. That is why he said that the whole world is watchi;ng what the American people will do. Nixon virtually admitted in his speech that the majority onstrations, rallies, and picket lines that these masses of of Americans want immediate withdrawal from Vietnam. Americans can particjpate in. We must give powerful, visible This fact has been· proved time after time in polls and ref­ expression to the majority antiwar sentiment in this country. erendums. As the war continues, more and more people are beginning . These are the people that must be reached ·in order to Continued on page 6 Eve ness repor cops shoot antiwar students in Albuquerque . . - 3 PING-PONG PROTEST: While the Chinese table tennis loyalty, heroism and ultimate sacrifice, few people were team was visiting Nixon a couple of weeks ago, Hanoi gathered to cheer them on. . . . There were no politicians and Haiphong were being bombed. Nixon said the visit or dignitaries on the (reviewing) stand, no one to so­ would promote "peace for .all the world." But four of licit the presidential vote and no generals with medals THIS the six American interpreters for the Chinese delegation .on their chests." boycotted the meeting with Nixon to protest the bomb­ ings. One of them was quoted in the Los Angeles Times:. WEEK'S "I really identify with the purpose of this visit, the friend­ ship part, but I feel the friendship part is being used to MILITANT an ugly point by the United States." The Times said, "But it didn't seem to bother the Chinese." 3 Eyewitness account of Albuquerque shooting ZAP ZAP GENERAL BACK IN THE NEWS: Major 4 U.S. escalation risks General_James F. Hollingsworth gained notoriety a few world war years ago when he was deputy commander of the 1st Infantry Division in- Vietnam. As the Los Angeles Times 5 Saigon army crumbles put it recently, "he would often fly by helicopter into under attack the thick of battle on missions he referred to as 'zapping 8 Debate on strike policy Charlie Cong.' " Later he had the misfortune to be com­ at Columbia manding general at Fort Jackson, S.C., when Joe Miles, 9 Thousands in U.S. dem­ Joe Cole, Andrew Pulley, and other antiwar and socialist onstrated May 4 Gis (the Ft. Jackson 8) fought for and won the right to voice their opposition to the war. The New York State Assembly has passed a bill that 10 May 6 protests demand Now the zap zap general is back in Vietnllm and in would abolish the two-year-old abortion law permitting abortion rights trouble with U.S. commander General Creighton Abrams. women to have abortions on demand through the twenty­ 11 Where SDS stands Abrams reprimanded Hollingsworth for expressing pub­ fourth week of pregnancy. The bill would reinstate the today lically his innermost feelings. The zap zap General had restrictive law that preceded the liberalized measure. The 12 Trotsky's '1905': the told a news ~onference: "When you can kill the hell out State Senate will now discuss the question. Governor Rock­ efeller has said he will veto any outright repeal of the cur­ unity of history and of them out there, goddammit, you feel real good." rent abortion law, but he supports a bill that would not politics WAR GUILT: Some three million U'. S. servicemen have permit abortions beyond the eighteenth week of pregnancy. 14 Official retreats in gone to Vietnam and returned, supposedly with a very These threats to the right of women to decide whether Ohio ballot fight low rate of "psychiatric casualties.'' But according to to bear children follow weeks of demonstrations and lob­ 15 McGovern retreats on the May 3 New York Times, reports at the recent an­ bying by the Catholic Church and so-called right to life groups. Even Nixon got into the act with a highly pub­ right to abortion nual meeting of the American Psychiatric Association told licized letter to a Catholic cardinal opposing the current 16 Hearings on Attica of psychiatric problems called the "post-Vietnam syndrome . . . a sense of shame and guilt for having participated law. massacre in a war that the veteran now questions and the· deeply This hysterical atmosphere was carried into the Assem­ Black Dems retreat on felt anger and distrust of the government that the vet­ bly, where one legislator displayed a fetus in a jar and Palestine stand erans believe dup'ed and manipulated them.'' said it "feels cold, feels heat, feels pain- don't kid me, 17 Black actions build you know life is there." ITS NOT VERY ABSTRACT FOR THE VIETNAMESE: G. Oliver Koppell (D-Bronx) opposed the reactionary support for May 27 About a month ago U.S. pilots based in Danang, South law. He referred to Nixon's letter and said the man who 18 Argentine Socialists on Vietnam, told reporters about their gruesome work. Jo­ "put into jeopardy the lives of every citizen of this world kidnapping seph B. Treaster wrote in the April 9 New York Times: by his actions in Vietnam cannot come and talk to me 19 Still no word of Trotsky­ "The ·pilots generally regard themselves as pure pro­ of life." ists in Mao's jails fessionals, divorced from political and moral questions and concerned strictly with technical excellence. 'What 21 Newspaper guild presi­ doctor wouldn't want to operate on the President?' Colonel FELICIANO GOES TO TRIAL: Puerto Rican indepen­ dent criticizes 'Militant' Waddell asked by way of analogy." dence fighter Carlos Feliciano has withdrawn his plea story Treaster , reports the officer "had done a lot of think­ of guilty on "reckless endangerment" charges and went 24 Pay Board cuts E; Coast ing about the moral issues of bombing. But, he said, to trial on May 9. The plea was withdrawn after Man­ dockers contract 'its almost impossible to relate to it. I don't think any­ hattan Assistant District Attorney John Fine and Bronx. Final pbase of state's one here thinks about blowing in and dropping bombs DA Burton Roberts reneged on a deal they had offered and killing a person. It's all very. impersonal. You don't to drop all the serious charges relating to the use or case against Davis hear the bombs. It's all very abst~act.'" possession of bombs or weapons. Feliciano maintains that he is innocent of the charges of bombing and burn­ 2 lry_ Brief ing buildings in New York. 6 In Our Opinion Letters CHANGING TIMES IN THE IVORY TOWER: A John 7 The Great Society D. Rockefeller 3rd-funded survey of college students was Women: The Insurgent published recently. It is based on interviews held a year Majority ago witl} 1,244 students. on 50 campuses. Thirty percent would prefer to leave this "sick society" and live in Can­ 15 72 Socialist Campaign ada, Australia, or Western Europe. The students polled 17 La Raza en Acci6n "are more uneasy and worried than in 1970. Only a 20 In Review handful believe our national policieli will lead to peace 21 The Na.tional Picket Line or economic well-being." They believe that big business "really runs the country" and are for the "drastic re­ form" of such institutions as the Democratic and Repub­ lican parties, the military, the penal system, and the cor­ porations. The New York Times report on the survey said, "The greatest single erosion of relations to authority is in the 'boss' relationship. In 1968, 56 per cent of the students 'did not mind the prospect of being bossed around on THE MILITANT the job; in 1971 the figure was 36 per cent.'" And, "Be­ VOLUME 36/NUMBER 19 lief in organized religion is now rejected by two-thirds MAY 19, 1972 of the students.... students generally want even more OOSING NEVIlS DATE-MAY 10, 1972 acceptance of sexual freedom .... In 1968, 69 per cent of students believed that 'hard work will always pay Editor: MARY-ALICE WATERS Managing Editor: DOUG JENNESS off'; in 1971, only 39 per cent, the report said.'' Business Manager: SHARON CABANISS Southwest Bureau: HARRY RING NIXON LOSES SUPPORT OF POW FAMILIES: Since Published weekly by The Militant Publishin~ Ass'n., the Mad Bomber took office with his secret plan to win 14 Charles lane, New York, N.Y. 10014. Phone: Edi­ a military victory in Vietnam, the emotions of the fam­ torial OHice (212) 243-6392; Business OHice (212) ilies of American prisoners of war have been cynically 929-34B6. ANOTHER SUMMIT ma;ipulated to further the war effort. And with some Southwest B~reau: 1107 1/2 N. Western Ave., los Angeles, Calif. 90029. Phone: (213) 463-1917. success. The National League of Families of American Second-class postage paid at New York, N.Y. Sub­ THE GOVERNMENT'S ANSWER TO MAY DAY: The Prisoners and Missing in Southeast Asia has consistently scription: domestic, 56 a year; foreign, 57.50. By first­ May 1 Cleveland Plain Dealer reported on the 22nd An­ supported Nixon's war policies. Not so anymore. A na­ class mail: domestic and Canada, 522; all other coun­ nual Loyalty Day Parade there. "It was a parade for tional convention of the group in Washington has de­ tries, 524. Air printed matter: domestic and Canada, 526; latin.America and Europe, 540; Africa, Australia, a- generation that lived in a world with different ideals ,nounced Nixon's Vietnamization policy. One wife ex- Asia (including USSR), 550. Write for sealed air post­ and goals... :" As the contingents of police, World War pressed "disgust" with the situation and said, "we must age rates. I vets, the Marine Corps League, American Legion, Twirl­ either compel Nixon to end this war by negotiation or Signed articles by contributors do not necessarily ing Sweethearts, and Boy Scouts marched past the Sol­ go out and actively support another candidate who will.'' represent The Militant's views. These are expressed in editorials. diers' and Sailors' Monument, "also a tribute to -JOEL BRITTON

2 Eyewitness report· from Albuquerque Cops shoot three student protesters By JIM BOGGIO south-bound lanes of I-25. ALBUQUERQUE, N.M., May 9- "The roadblock had not been up Albuquerque city police opened fire on for more than 15 miJ!utes when the a crowd of 500 antiwar demonstrators Albuquerque chief of police appearec:l today, wounding three people, all at the scene. The top cop, unescorted, believed to be students at the Univer­ talked with TV and newspaper report­ sity of New Mexico. One of the vic­ ers for about half an hour before his tims, Carolyn Babb Coburn, received troops arrived. I would guess that multiple shotgun wounds in the chest there were at least ~o dozen patrol and abdomen. The 22-year-old UNM cars with four heavily armed cops law 'Student, a_ staff writer for the school in each vehicle. newspaper, the Daily Lobo, was rushed "At th~t point, Chief Donald Byrd to Presbyterian Hospital in critical approached the students on the road­ condition. The school administratioa block. He told us that 1-25 was 'a has withheld information on the other public highway, and it's our duty to ~~ . keep the traffic moving.' He told us The following eyewitness account that we had made our point and that was given to me by Gary Davis, he was as much against the Indo­ a student at UNM. china war as we. Then he told us that - he would be happy to march with us "This morning a few· students began back to the campus, an offer that drew passing the word that an antiwar rally a loud chorus of boos. · would be held on the university mall. "We told him that we were not going It was a spontaneous action, but a­ to hurt anyone, but that w-e were not bout 400 to 500 people showed up. leaving. That's when Byrd ordered_ "Discussion on possible antiwar ac­ tear gas to be used. I think about ents on Interstate 25 after tion lasted for nearly a.n hour, finally eight or nine cannisters, at least, were Nixon decision to mine ports of North Vietnam. Cops teargassed and ending with the consensus opinion that shot at the demonstrators. fired into them. students should contjnue their pro­ "As the crowd began moving down test along Central Avenue. Mant felt the freeway on-ramp, we were met by identity. at Presbyterian Hospital claims that the antiwar movement could gain another fleet ·or cop cars on Central Later I- interviewed a student who Carolyn was shot from only 50 feet public attention by stopping traffic on Avenue. did see _one of the other shooting in­ away. She was hit With heavy number the main thoroughfare that runs "I was ·walking up Central when, cidents. He saw one demonstrator hit four shot, and int!urred multiple alongside the campus. ' all of a sudden, I heard· ~o shots. · in the back. The man screamed, wounds across the chest and abdomen, "The_ demonstrators held up traffic The next thing I knew, .a woman was grabbed his back, and ran off. each wound ranging from two to three for about .!0 minutes before deciding lying in the street, covered with blood. The_ witness reports that he saw four inches apart. Coburn says his wife's to move the blockade onto the -Inter­ "I ran up to her, and it looked like cops jump out of their vehicle and right lung had collapsed, and a tra­ state-25 freeway that runs near the the whole front part of her body was shoot point-blank into the crowd. cheot~my has been performed. campus. As the students·marched west torn apart. A squad car pulled up "There was pistol brass everywhere, Meanwhile, an Albuquerque-based toward the freeway on-ramp, others beside us and three cops jumped out, all over the street." group called Kirtland G Is Against the joined the march, which grew to about all carrying shotguns. They ordered In all, three people were wounded War has secured a parade permit for 500. us to get out of the way as they lifted by shotgun. bla&ts, and at least seven a Gl-led antiwar march on Saturday, "En route to the freeway, we passed their victim into the squad car. They were treated for othe}:" types of injuries. May 13. Coincidentally, the monthly · a construction area where drainage drove away, and I imagine they tpok One witness gave the badge numbers . UNM faculty meeting was also held pipes were being installed beneath the her to the hospital." of th~ cops , who had shot Carolyn today. It passed a resolution calling street. There., marchers picked up Davis told me that he witnessed only. Coburn as 203 and 169. for the impeachment of President wooden road blocks, metal signs, and the shooting of Carolyn Coburn. He Carolyn's husband, Steven, a mili­ Nixon, and demanding the resigna­ conduits, eventually using them to was aware that ~o others had been tary policeman at Kirtland Air Force tion of all senators and congressmen erect bardcades across the north- and wounded, but he did not know their Base, told me that the medical officer who support the war. Immediate, angry· protests answer Nixon By DAVE FRANKEL into the next da~ _ A demonstratimi entrances on Thursday, and to join of California at Santa Barbara; San May 9- Twenty-four hours after of 3,000 was also held at Miami Uni­ with students from Laney and Merritt Francisco State College; the Univer­ Nixon's announcement that he had versity in Oxford, Ohio. At Harpur community·colleges in a rally in down­ sity of Minnesota in Minneapolis; and ordered the mining of all ports of College in Binghamton, N.Y., a meet­ town Oakland. the University of illinois Circle Campus the Democratic Republic of Vietnam, ing of 1,000 was held, while at the At the Berkeley rally one of the in Chicago. it is clear that a massive, nationwide State University of New York at New speakers was Mayor Warren Widener. Hundreds of other _demonstrations upsurge of the student antiwar move- He said that he would propose to the have been reported, many of them in­ -mentis taking place. Many areas have city council that there be a moratorium volving more than 1,000 people. already called city-wide demonstra­ lnterriat'l protests at noon on Friday and that ·city work­ Among the places to have actions tions for Saturday, May 13, with var­ Immediate revulsion against Nix­ ers be released from work in order were: Laramie arid Cheyenne, Wyo .• ious other actions scheduled in the to take part. The city council is con­ , and Macomb, lll. The New York SMC on's most next few days. newest arrd dangerous sidering Widener's proposal tonight, office had ~o walls covered with in­ Antiwar activists in the offices of escalation of the war in Indochina and the SMC is holding a meeting formation on actions at schools in the Nati~mal Peace Action Coalition was reflected in Europe on May 9 in Pauley Ballroom on .the Berkeley New York, Connecticut, and New (NPAC) and the Student Mobilization when 4,000 to 5,000 marched in campus. The participants were sched.: Jersey. About 500 students from New Committee ( SMC) in New York re­ Copenhagen, Denmark, in a dem­ uled to march from there to the city_ York City met at New York Univer­ sity and called a moratorium for May ported that as soon as Nixon finished onstration called by ·the Danish council m~ting. A noon rally on Fri- ' speaking last night their switchboard day, May 12, is also planned in order 12 and a city-wide demonstration for lit up and people started calling in, Vietnam Committee and the So~ to launch a community reach-outdrive May 13. asking when the next demonstration . cialist Youth League. In Frankfurt, to build the demonstration scheduled Fund raising has expanded to meet was and what the antiwar movement's West Germany, 1,500 demonstrat­ for Saturday. / the increased activities. One supporter plans were. Denver, Chicago, and oth­ ed, and a May 10 demonstration of the antiwar movement in Denver has agreed to· pay for hourly radio er areas report similar experiences. has been called in Sweden. In Chicago, one person who called In: Bloomington, Ind., the mayor spots on ~o major rock stations in _ The two major sections of th~ in explained that he had recently drop­ opened the city council chambers for Denver, a full-page ad in one of Den­ ped out of political activity and was French antiwar movement, the a student meeting, which called,a mass ver's major newspapers, and for the living on a farm, but "this is just Front Solidarite lndochine and the demonstration for tomorrow. In Minne­ sound system for the mass antiwar too much to take. I want to do some­ Group of 48 {which was represent~ apolis · about 200 angry students demonstration planned there this Sat­ thing." ed as the French delegation at the marched to Governor Wendell Ander­ urday. At the U Diversity of Wisconsin in Versailles World Peace Confer­ _son's mansion. Anderson agreed to Although actjons in some areas, par­ Madison, 8,000 to 10,000 peopl~ par­ ence}, have<' agreed to hold a meet with the students today, and at ticularly in the Southeast and Southern ticipated in a candlelight march to­ that meeting he indicated his support California, do not appear at this night, and later about 4,000 marched united action at the American Em­ for the immediate withdrawal of all point to have gone beyond the point on the state capitol. bassy on Mdy 10. U. S. forces from Vietnam. He said he reached in the reaction to the bombing Meetings convened and protests would send a telegram of protest to of Hanoi and Haiphong on April 16, flared around the country as soon as Paltz, 2,500 gathered. Nixon and would poll the legislature activists in most other places felt that Nixon was through speaking. At the Today the actions spread and took on a statewide referendum on with- the current reaction was considerably University of Pennsylvania .in Phila­ on the character of a nationwide up- drawal from Indochina. · stronger and that a larger number delphia an antiwar. meeting in prog­ . surge. Almost 5,000 students gathered Three thousand students sat down of people were involved. One Seattle ress grew from 20 to 150 in the half at the University of California at Berk­ in the main street of Mankato, Minn., antiwar activist summed up his im­ hour following Nixon's speech. At the eley, while. at Mills College jn Oak­ and then return~d to their campus to pressions by saying, "The mood is University of Colorado at Boulder, land the entire student body ·of 900 hold a mass meeting. Actions of about much sharper, and things are moving 3,000 students blocked the main high­ women voted to strike until the ac­ 2,000 occurred at the University of faster. Today people just wanted to way into Boulder all night long .and. tivation of the mines at the port Washington in Seattle; the University go, to do somet~ng."

. THE MILITANT/ MAY 19, 1972 3 u.s. escalation risks world war By DICK ROBERTS the esprit and determination necessary to take incendiary bombs which inflict hideous suffering. MAY 9-President Nixon's decision to blockade on Hanoi's highly motivated and tightly disci­ Antipersonnel bombs include: Pineapple bomblets, North Vietnam is a desperate gamble that could plined troops." each bearing 250,000 steel pellets; Guava bombs, precipitate world war. "The move- never before This is one way of saying that the soldiers in with each sertie releasing 400,000-500,000 ball attempted in the long Indochinese fighting- risks the Saigon army can find no reason whatsoever bearing pellets; and Flechette or nail bomblets, a direct confrontation with the Soviet Union," Wall to give up their lives in defense of the corrupt each of which contains several hundred l-inch Street Journal staff reporter Robert Keatley de­ generals and politicians who rule their country. barbed nails capable of shredding muscles and clared May 9. Such a confrontation would threaten The victorious advance of the revolution is not tissues and difficult to remove. nuclear holocaust. only a question of military successes. It testifies "Incendiary bombs include not just the infamous Nixon is gambling that the saturation bombing to the profound support for the revolution among napalm, but white phosphorous and NPT as and sealing of North Vietnam's supply routes the Vietnamese masses and their no less profound well. White phosphorous continues to burn slowly will save the disintegrating capitalist-landlord re­ hatred of the capitalist-landlord _Saigon regime and inside the body and can usually be extinguished gime in Saigon. In his national television address its imperialist backers. only when it reaches the bone. ·Needless to say, on May 8 he said he undertook this drastic esca­ As Nixon declares that there is no area in Indo­ the pain is unspeakable and totally unjustifiable." lation of the war because "The risk that a Com­ china safe from U. S. bombs and steadily escalates For seven years the Vietnamese have sinfered munist government may be imposed on the 17 the bombing sorties in North and South Vietnam, this horrendous bombing, the destruction of the million people of South Vietnam has increased, a horrifying report has been printed on the bomb­ countryside it has caused, the displacement of more and the Communist offensive has now reached ing devastation South Vietnam had already suf­ than six million refugees, police dictatorship in the the point that it gravely threatens the lives of fered by 1971. Entitled "The Cratering of Indo­ cities, and harsh repression in those areas of the 60,000 American troops who are still in Vietnam." china," the report appeared in the May 1972 Scien­ count.ryside controlled by the Saigon regime. Their This is an admission of the complete failure tific American. anger, along with the strength of the revolutionary of Nixon's "Vietnamization" scheme. Only naked "In the seven years between 1965 and 1971 forces, constitutes an offensive before which the United States power can now save the dictatorial the U. S. military forces exploded 26 billion pounds Saigon dictatorship is totally defenseless. regime in Saigon. ( 13 million tons) of munitions in Indochina, half Reread the descriptions of the cratering of South from the air and half from weapons on the ground. Vietnam and the antipersonnel bombardment This staggering weight of ordnance amounts to 'Vietnamization' exposed above, keeping in mind that Nixon is more than Newsweek magazine describes the collapse of the energy of 450 Hiroshima. nuclear bombs," doubling this past bombardment, as is depicted "Vietnamization" in its May 15 issue: "Since the Scientific American authors Arthur H. Westing and by the chart on this page. And these figures must E. W. Pfeiffer declare. current offensive began, Saigon's forces have failed be still further supplemented. "Early in the week," the May 15 Newsweek declared, "four more squad­ rons of F-4 fighter-bombers were sent to Indo­ china, bringing the total of American planes there to more than 1,000. In addition, the aircraft car­ rier Saratoga was ordeted to join the Seventh Fleet task force off the coast of Vietnam. With the Saratoga's arrival, the U.S. now had a record total of six carriers and roughly 50,000 men stationed in the Gulf of Tonkin." It .is the largest assembly of U.S. warships since World War II. The May 6 New York Times carried the des­ cription of B-52 bombing missions in support of Saigon troops. "An allied official who has been flying his helicopter over the target areas within five minutes after the B-52 strikes said: 'They have been the most lucrative raids made at any time during the war.' "'Every single bomb crater is surrounded with bodies, wrecked equipment and dazed and bleeding people. . . . At one such hole there were 40 or 50 men, all in green North Vietnamese uniforms but without their weapons, lying around in an obvious state of shock. We sent in helicopter gunships, which quickly put them out of their misery." On May 9 the Hanoi radio reported that U. S. bombers "deliberately struck at the dike system in Namha Province" of North Vietnam, south­ east of the capital. Although the Pentagon denied this, numerous official statements, including Nix­ on's own speeches, have made it clear that Wash­ ington considers the dikes fair game for its mur­ derous bombardment- along with the rest of the citifFS, towns, villages, and peoples of Vietnam. The dikes constitute a vital system of irrigation and flood control in the Red River Delta, which is the most heavily populated and fertile region of North Vietnam. Destruction of them is entirely in keeping with Nixon's genocidal policies. The attempt to seal off Vietnam· from outside support and the declaration that there are no limi~ tations to the bombing of Indochina constitute a qualitative change in the impe:dalists' war policy and a major escalation of the attack on Vietnam. It marks the end of the four-year "Vietnamization" period. Mining of the port of Haiphong is a step long considered by the Pentagon but one which Johnson refused to take even at the previous peak bombing of North Vietnam in 1967-68.

U.S. combat troops There is tremendous pressure on Nixon from to score a conclusive victory in any major battle. "Craters pock every area of South Vietnam: for­ the people of this country, most of whom are The. best they have been able to do is hold ests, swamps, fields, paddings, roadsides. Certain opposed to the war, not to introduce more U. S. tenuously to the provincial capital of An Loc north areas, notably zones 'free fire,' of 'specified strike,' combat troops. But this measure cannot be ruled of Saigon. . . . But even at An Loc, the ARVN zones, show severe cratering.... we estimate that out as Nixon desperately thrashes out to save has had to abandon its attempts to destroy the the number of craters produced in Indochina by the' Saigon government. In discussing options North Vietnamese troops that are still besieging the bombardments from 1965 to 1971 totaled open to Nixon !or escalating the war, New York the town." some 26 million, covering a total area of 423;ooo Times Washington correspondent Tad Szulc re­ Newsweek fails to point out that whatever suc­ acres. . . . The area of missle-fragment spread vealed May 8 that one possibility "would be ro­ cess the ARVN troops have had so far in pre­ totals 23.6 million acres, if we disregard overlap." tation of the American units still in Vietnam­ venting the revolutionaries from taking An Loc Further testimony to the genocidal destruction there are about 65,000 United States. troops in has been solely a result of the intensive U. S. bomb­ of Vietnam by U, S. bombing came in a speech the country- to replace housekeeping units with ing in the. area. The newsweekly continues, "Some­ by Senator Alan Cranston, (D-Calif.), April 19: combat units.... " what surprisingly, Pentagon officials now openly "While the air war is becoming more and more Evidence that this process is already underway admit that the Vietnamization program 'hangs impersonal and remote for Americans, the same was reported in the May 4 issue of_ the Paris by a few threads.' 'Perhaps the fatal flaw in Viet­ cannot be said for those on the receiving end of daily Le Monde. "According to well-informed namization has been the inability of th~ United the bomb. delivery system," Cranston stated. "Planes sources," it stated, "1,200 soldiers from the Amer­ States to instill in the South Vietnamese soldier are still routinely armed with antipersonnel and icans' Clark base in the Philippin~s have been

4 sent to Vietnam for 'temporary duty.' Most are Kissinger have made it abundantly clear in the It is urgent that every opponent of the war go maintenance personnel from the 405th tactical past two weeks that Moscow's diplomatic pressure on a sustained mobilization to rally the millions fighter-bomber squadron. 250 other soldiers are against the revolutionists is a key aspect of Wash­ of Americans who hate the war into forceful dem­ to insure the ·defense of Danang. The special sta­ ington's war plans. onstrations of this opposition. The fate of the tus of these troops allows them not to be count­ Moscow's policies are consequently far from what people of Vietnam is at stake. A horrendous es­ ed as part of the American forces officially al­ the Vietnamese revolution needs: a united front calation of the war is takirig place, and world war located to the South. On the other hand, an un­ of the workers states that guarantees it will de­ is threatened by Nixon's bombing terror. Now determined number of marines stopped over in fend Indochina by any means necessary against more than ever before is it necessary to cry "Stop the Philippines- eh / route to Vietnam- on April the imperialist attack. the Bombing!" "Out Now!" 21. A batallion of 500 more marines had been The bind that Nixon's new escalation puts Mos­ sent to Danang prior to this. . . . It has also cow and Peking in shows the utter bankruptcy of been learned that 900 airmen have left the base their policies aimed at appeasing the imperialist U.S. Forces in Vietnam War at Yokota in Japan for Thailand. At Yokota, aggressors. The. minimal aid to Hanoi encour­ MARCH 30 NOW training exercises in the handling of nuclear aged Washington to escalate the war. ·when Nix­ (At st~rt of weapons are going on. ... " (Emphasis added.) on bombed the port of Haiphong April 15-16, Communist offensive) and even sank a Soviet destroyer, .as it was later Moscow-Peking response revealed, the mild criticisms from· Moscow and It is evident that the Vietnamese revolution is Peking encouraged Washington to mine the port I-52'• in grave danger as Nixon escalates the U. S. of Haipho!_lg, a move that threatens any Soviet (In Th~il~nd ~nd Guam) attack. On top of this, the assertion that Wash­ and Chinese ships that might be present. ingfon would feel free to bomb any ship in the· About SO ,.About 140 Gulf of Tonkin after the three-day warning is a American response Fighter-Boinben More than in any previous speech,_ Nixon's blatant challenge to both Moscow and Peking, (In South Vietn~m ~nd which have been providing minimal economic and May 8 declaration revealed the Washington strat­ Th~il~nd ~nd on carriers) military aid to Hanoi. ., egists fear of the response of Americans them­ 900 "Although the Soviet Union has supplied North selves. It was to Americans that Nixon addressed Vietnam with complicated radar and surface to the end of his. war ultimatum. "It is you, most air missiles for air defense and has equipped of all, the world will be watching," Nixon declared. Carrier• Hanoi's air force with some advanced MIG-218, "With your support we will accomplish that great ~-

THE MILITANT/ MAY 19, 1972 5 Letters

AI Capp show When?. Now. In Our Opinion· Saw Laura Miller on the AI Capp How? Relatives of highly paid ad­ show the other night and had to ministrators and faculty members admire her patience! [Laura Miller use influence, get the federally sub­ is a national coordinator of Young sidized work-study jobs, and leave Socialists for,Jenness and Pulley.] eligible low-income student!! with no ... protests I don't know a single thing about jobs and a sad story. socialism, but it's got to be better Continued from page 1 It won't hurt if you use my name, than the current mess. As the mother for I don't have a work-study job· to to see through Nixon's claim to be "winding down the war." More of six children, I owe it to my lose. I need one. - and more people are sick and tired of this government's blatant lies. children to 15e informed. George J. Gessner In Nixon's speech, for example, he used his standard technique,of M.C.K. Kingsville, Texas the BIG LIE-attempting to portray the U.S. war criminals as those Albion, N. Y. who want "peace," and the Vietnamese-who have been the victims of decades of French and U.S. aggression-as the dangerous war criminals. Internees request books "By simply getting out," said Nixon, "we should only worsen the The war and Black people The prisoners in Long Kesh concen­ tration camp in Northern Ireland bloodshed." He makes this arrogant statement whil~ as he spoke, To Black People, 1972: want to make the best use of their some 900 U. S. fighter-bombers and 140 B-52s were unleashing the As a group, as a people with noth­ enforced "vacation." They have ap­ ing in common with Amerika and most unspeakable bloodshed in Vietnam. pealed to socialists everywhere to · capitalism save misery and exploita­ Nixon charges the Vietnamese with "insolence" and "arrogance" send them socialist books, periodi­ tion, we have no damn right by for refusing to "negotiate an end t() the war." What right does the_ cals, pamphlets, and records: Ship­ anyone's imagination to be partic­ U.S. have to negotiate the future of Vietnam? None whatsoever! Nixon ments can be sent to the Central Citi­ ipating in a war against the Indo­ is attempting to- bomb into submission a small country more than zens Defense Council, 39 Falls Road, chinese people. So let's start today Belfast 12, Northern Ireland, along 10,000 miles away, and then he calls the Vietnamese peasants, workers, to think and then to do something with a note saying that they are for and students "insolent" for daring to fight back. about the shit that's coming down on the Martin 0' Leary Republican Club. , The stakes are very high in our struggle to end this war. The·lives the people of Indochina. We have of millions of V1etnamese hang in the balance. Watching the news of been noticeably missing from anti­ Gerry Foley New York, N.Y. the war on TV, we in this country get just an inkling of the horror war rallies and demonstrations in that each day of this war means for the Vietnamese people. But also the past- those days should be long at stake is the very future of humanity. Nixon's latest move, Qr future gone. For during our absence the escalations, c-ould trigger a world nuclear .war. . world changed and the forces of hu~ Nixon says that if these moves are not made, it would "jeopardize manity and socialism struck blows Picasso and realism against our enemy. the lives of 60,000 Americans" still in Vietnam. This is disgt~sting I agree with Dave Prince- in spirit­ double talk! _ Not only are the Indochinese peo­ in his May 5- _article on Picasso and ple dying from the unscrupulous, on a Stalinist's review of Picasso. It is Nixon who is jeopardizing the lives of those Gis and the-lives -wanton, and imperialistic behavior of the prisoners o( war. H Nixon brought the Gis home and ended The Stalinist conception of art has of Amerikan finance and militarism been that "art" should serve Stalin U~ S. military action, the war would be over. North Vietnam would - Black people are also dying. We (or Khrushchev or Kosygin) and have no reason for continuing to hold U.S. prisoners of war. are dying a dual death. While, as the party line, or else. "Socialist re~~;l­ The American people are not willing to sit ba,ck and let Nixon get Black soldiers, we pave the way for ism" has never had anything to do away with prosecuting this war in their name. The power of the masses fascism to consolidate itself in Laos, with art, and it has even less to do of the American people can be mobilized to force an end to the war. Vietnam, and Cambodia, we are at with realism and truth. All out in emergency protest actions! -,u the same time imprisoning ourselves But while I agree in spi.rit,. I can-_ Build the May 21 March on Washington! by making war on the world's so­ not agree with Mr. Prince further Organize protest activities in every city, on every campus, in every cialists, the left wing of the anti­ than that. Mr. Prince seems to attack imperialist, antiracist, and anticapi­ the Stalinist review of Picasso the high school! talist struggle, the people's comba­ Out Now! same as one would attack the advo­ tants-we in effect are eating away cates of realism, not socialist real­ at ourselves. ism. What agony arid pain it must be For example, there should be a to that Vietnamese Brother to see distinction between what an artist this Black man tearing away at his says and what he or she intends to flesh, his hamlet, and hi_s culture on say. In Picasso's case, a whole behalf of General Motors, -General "broad" aspect of his work (Cubism) Electric, and General Slaughter! has, for the vast multitude under We do not. need the blood of our awareness of his fame, said noth­ Sisters and Brothers to prove that ing. Part (not all) of Picasso's we are patriotic and worthy of be­ "fame" is due to this. coming Amerikans . . . of becoming The bourgeoisie can look liberal, the bloodiest phenomenon of the 20th yet remain safe with him (and oth­ century . . . in short, soulless and ers). If Picasso painted like Jack empty. London wrote (and there are many The Indochinese people are fight­ artists and writers in Spain and else­ ing for life, liberty, and countryside. where-like Brecht-who have done When the smoke clears, let it not be that), Picasso's fame might remain said that proud-Black-Double-0-Soul­ only his dream. Buckwheat-Jones was standing there I'm sure Mr. Prince would not be­ - outta pocket-fucking with the lieve the converse of his own argu­ lives of a people who never called ment: If immediate comprehension him nigger, never put him on wel­ doesn't constitute the only technique fare, never overworked his pappa, of art, that therefore its presence in and never misused his mamma! a work means that it cannot be We cannot afford another day of art? An artist should try to be un­ bombing _of the people of Vietnam, derstood. Why not? Only if what Laos, Cambodia, or any other place one does is so deep, powerful, and il) the world. You check the shit out meaningful that to be immediately and you'll see that we are the victim appealing might cause a loss in pro­ in each one of these warmongering fundity, could one have an excuse profit ventures of Uncle Sam and his for ignoring a "mass" approach. fascist_ corporations. We owe ·it to I see that The Militant itself, in ourselves and ~o the people of Asia layout and Madison Avenue-style to stop this war. ads, adheres to this mass approach. Ray Eaglin It is easy to understand what it ''We ni.ust not falter. For all that rce have risked and all that we have African Liberation Support Commit­ is being aimed at. In fact, it is easy guined over the years now hangs in the balance _· •• " tee to the point of being art-less: few Eugene, Ore. drawings, no poetry, little humor or satire. I think The Militant and Mr. No job Prince have pretty good politics. But Who? Eligible work-study students. the "arr in The Militant, though easy What? No employment. Why? Nepoti-sm. Where? Texas A & I University!, Kingsville, Texas.

6 ' The ·Great .Society Fail-safe-Army investigators put the No lion pit?- A group of spiritually The capacity for relevance-A new OK on a group of officers who re- oriented Alabama entrepreneurs are cosmetics outfit, EcoloGel, is offering to understand, lacks depth- sort of portedly cheated on exams that qual- out to zap Disney World with a com- a cucumber face wash, a celery astrin- Picasso-in-reverse. I hope The Mili­ ified them to control the firing of nu- peting Holyland, USA. Features will gent, a lettuce moisture balm, and tant will raise its artistic level to that clear weapons. There is no cause for include a 101-foot statue of J. C., a an avocado sleep cream. Any two of its politics. alarm, the probers assured, since if replica of the Wailing Wall (Where items, $5. Barbara Martin the officers really had flunked the test admissions are collected?), a 12-acre New York, N.Y. they wouldn't know how to fire the Sea of Galilee, and a coliseum with nukes anyway. Now if these guys chariot races. A wing and a prayer- Charter out­ could get promoted to the Pentagon, fits are doing nicely with "religious maybe we'd have a chance. People's fashions- Designer Jerry Sil­ tours" led by clerics .• One sales man­ Christianity and conscience verman says, "I design clothes for ual tells recruiters to remind poten­ In reply to Andrew Geyer (letter en­ Mrs. America. For the woman who tial clerical guides that a trip to the titled "The Christian View" in the Progress report- The South African wants to be romantic, sexy, feminine, Holy Land may inspire bequests. to March 31 issue): After the Jackson govr~rnment has standardized the price w.ell-bred, fun and absolutely gor- the church. "Always remember that State murders, Kent State murders, for duplicating lost identity papers. ---geous." He sees a trend back toward a large part of the market that travels the Mylai massacre, U. S. genocide Blacks previously paid four times as such dress. "American women may are people who already have one foot in Vietnam, and the murder of much as whites and mulattoes. go to extremes once in a while," he in the grave," the manual states. "So George Jackson-how can a Chris­ says, "but they still have to prepare ministers do not have to wait too tian in good conscience call the for the club luncheon, business ap­ long to collect on these wills." Mean­ Fair standards favored- The Florida criticism and accusations made pointments, yacht club parties, trips while, the good fathers collect up to Supreme Court agreed that the $3,000 against the Nixon administration to Europe and holiday party hostess­ $70 a head for guide duty. a month alimony being doled out to "unfair?" Isn't Nixon and the op­ ing." -HARRY RING pressive liberal-bourgeoisie ruling the ex-wife of rubber heir Russell Fire­ stone may well be insufficient. The B.C. IY JOHNNY HART class oppressive, unfair, unjust? Isn't President Nixon a war crim­ court noted that when wed, Mary Fire­ stone was allowed $3,000 a month r..cx:K:,rtXK, 5EB!HE SEE: mB!t:NSR!DSR. inal and a warmonger, not a "peace­ El..EF'!-U\NT ! ON" 'I'liE Er.Efl{A.>.J'J: ! maker?" Is a war criminal due re­ just for wagering on her eight horses, a!,LOOK.,SES THB ..... HELOoK.g plus $5,000 a month for clothing. PcNKEY INSIGNIFICMTT! spect and honor? J Kathryn Murphey "Cloth must be cut to fit the pattern," the court observed philosophically, Weatherford, Texas ... and if excessive indulgences, as a customary norm, accompany private Barbaric practice ·wealth, they may very well establish a pattern." The New York Times carried ar­ ticles at the beginning-of April on a Colorado man who underwent "voluntary" castration, allegedly to cure him of an insatiable desire to molest little girls. I want to say two things about this 'barbaric practice. Wotrlen: First, it does not prevent sexual ~rousal or ability to perform sex­ ually, or to rape or molest. It is purely vindictive. The Insurgent Majority Second, while it was the case of this habitual heterosexual child­ COMMUNICATIONS WORKERS SUPPORT ERA-Op­ J. EDGAR HOOVER not only kept 200 million finger­ molester that has prompted some ponents of the Equal Rights Amendment often falsely prints on file, but lie also kept close tabs on any impro­ doctors to call for an investigation, charge that its feminist supporters are "petty bourgeois" prieties on the FBI staff. During his entire 48-year reign this inhuman practice has been used and unconcerned with the needs of working women. Ac­ in Washington, smoking by women employees in his· of­ by sadistic judges and doctors on cording to some AFL-CIO officials and the Communist fices ·was banned. In 1967 he dismissed a male clerk for, homosexuals, most notably in Cal­ Party, wo~pen workers will be betrayed by passage of allegedly allowing a woman to stay overnight in his ifornia, without much hue and cry. the ERA because it would end state protective laws for apartment. Hoover thought women should be kept in their Bigoted judges have offered pris­ women. place way back when he was a high school student. In oners "voluntary" castration as an Recently the Communications Workers of America those days, according to the New York Times obituary, alternative to long sentences for sex­ (CWA) published a statement in support of the ERA that the director acquired a reputation as a formidable de­ ual "crimes" such as sodomy, which undercuts the opposition's arguments. The CWA is an bater on the topic of" The Fallacies of Wo,men's Suffrage." in California can still bring up to international union, 60 percent of whose 500,000 mem­ life imprisonment. While California's bers are women. The statement emphasized that the CWA NOW BLASTS ABC-TV-A petition filed with the Federf(ll "Asexualization of Prison~rs" provi­ favors extending those protective laws that benefit women Communications Commission by the New York chapter sion of the penal code ( Section to male workers. It went on to say: "We want to make of the National Organization for Women (NOW) calls for 2670) was repealed last year (! }, clear, however, that even without the incorporation of revoking ABC-TV's license because of the station's sexist the indeterminate sentencing for sex language specifically addressed to the state protective la­ programming and employment practices. "crimes" (one year to life for sod­ bor laws, we see the Equal Rights Amendment as a means More than 100 NOW monitors watched ABC programs omy) can still make involuntary cas­ over the last year and catalogued the networks coverage tration possible on "mentally dis­ of women. The petition filed with the FCC cites some typi­ ordered sex offenders" (under Section cal instances of ABC's discriminatory attitude toward 645 of the penal code). women. For example, when the ERA passed in the Senate Barbaric as the practice of "asex­ in March, ABC's "Eyewitness News" failed to report it. ualization" is, it appeared on law­ But two days later the program gave more than a min­ books in the U. S. and northern Eu­ ute's coverage to opponents of the amendment. "Eyewit­ ropean countries mostly during the ness News" ·anchorman Roger Grimsby, says the petition, first three decades of this century. concluded his reportage on the Aug. 26, 1970, Women's And while it is now falling into dis­ Strike with the comment: "and now for another item of repute, it is doing so only after hun­ trivia." When women athletes won seven of the eight U.S. dreds of thousands of persons, medals in the 1972 Winter Olympics, ABC gave them 40 many of them innocent gays, have seconds on the news. By contrast, the station gave two been mutilated in the interests of minutes and 15 seconds to a women's pancake-eating shoring up a psychopathic Judea- contest. Christian morality. · · ABC has not yet responded to the charges. David Thorstad New York, N.Y. WOMEN PRISONERS TO GET CONJUGAL VISITS­ ANOTHER FIRST- Patti Jo Watson is the first in­ The state penitentiary in Parchman, Miss.,-will soon allow staller-repairwoman at Pacific Northwest Bell Com­ conjugal visits for married women inmates. This is per­ The letters column is an open forum pany. She is a member of Communications Work­ haps the first such program in the country for women, al­ for all viewpoints on subjects of gen­ though several prisons permit conjugal visits for male eral interest to our readers. Please ers of AmeriCa Local 9201 in Portland, Ore. prisoners. Undoubtedly the women's liberation movement keep your letters brief. Where neces-­ of asserting not an equal right to be abused, but equality has had an effect in forcing this step by Mississippi penal sary they will ·be abridged. Please. in­ of the right to protection. The Communications Workers authorities. dicate if your name may be used or of America has always supported the extension of existing Conjugal visits should be the right of all women in­ if you prefer that your initials be used protective legislation for women to men. We look upon mates, however, not just those who are married. In ad­ instead. the Equal Rights Amendment as a constitutional guaran­ dition, the Parchman prison will require that those inmates tee, a national commitment that will aid us in achieving who have conjugal visits must take birth control pills. that goal. If the safety and family commitments of women This is an imposition by state authorities on the right have been recognized as valid concerns in the past, why of women to control their own bodies. At the same time, not today extend the same concern and compassion to women on the outside are told by their state legislatures men?" that they cannot have access to abortion because child The ERA must be ratified by 38- state legislatures be­ bearing is a woman's role. These contradictory standards fore becoming -law. New York is the fourteenth state to simply point up another rotten aspect of this inhuman, pass the amendment. irrational society. -CINDY JAQUITH

THE MILITANT/MAY 19, 1972 7 shutting down the university. Compar­ ed: "Last night's decision to vote for by a relatively small number of stu­ ing the student strike to.a labor strike, a continuation of the strike through dents had the effect of distracting .at­ By BYRON.ACKERMAN they said that workers shut down- a­ the use of closed picket line~J seems an tention from the central issue of the and JULIE SIMON plarit and don'( let scabs through. exercise in futility. Rather than allow­ war and university complicity with NEW YORK-On April17 Columbia These arguments, however, do not ing anti-university efforts _to eease the war and focusing it instead on the University students responded imme­ take into account the fact that the key gracefully, the activists seem deter­ tactical question of building takeovers. diately to Nixon's bombing of Hanoi to any strike situation is winning the mined to make it fail. Why not ·allow Closed picket lines and building and Haiphong. Fifteen hundred peo­ majority of students or workers to the the University t~old classes as we takeovers, when they have mass sup­ ple, including students, staff, and fac­ side of the strike. A trade union would turn our attention towards more press­ port, can be effective tactics. But when .. ulty, to·ok part In a demonstration not call a strike and set up picket ing matters? Let us continue the strike, they do not have mass support (at that ended in a march through the lines to stop people from entering the but against the oppressive forces that Columbia only some 300 students par­ streets. of New York City. plant if the majority of workers were are responsible for tlrewar." ticipated in the five building take­ · A meeting of nearly 2,000 the fol­ not going to s_!rike. That would pit a This editorial began to raise the overs), they can be used by the gov­ lowing night decided• to call a strike minority of workers aga'inst the ma­ key questions that still face the cam­ ernment, the medi:a, and. the univer­ aL Columbia around four demands: jority, and the strike would be quickly pus today: What was the purpose of sity administration to divide the anti­ 1) U.S. out of .Southeast Asia now; lost. the strike? And where do we- go from war students and obscure the protest 2), Professors affiliated with the Jason The task at Columbia was to win here? · against the war. Project (a group of scientists doing re­ over a solid majority of the students The strike was called in response For example, the takeover of Pupin search for the Defense Department) to support, Of the strike. Attempting' to the U.S. government's bombing Hall by some· 50 people was not the · should terminate their ·affiliation or to physically prevent students fro~ of. Hanoi and Haiphong. Large num-· most effective way of exposing un_i~ versity complicity with the war. Mass pressure could have forced a public debate with the scientists involved in the Ja&.Qn Project and with Andrew Cordier, head of SIA. Such confron­ The debate on strike tations could have Jnvolved many more students _than those who sat in at Pupin Hall. Moreover, by eclucat­ ing thousands of people both off and on campus about the specifics of uni­ policies at Columbia versity complicity with 'the war, they could have had a longer-range effect toward forcing the university not to a·ccept war-related government con­ tracts. There is another political danger in concentrating on closed picket lines and building takeovers when there is no mass support. Students who are serious about ending the war but who do not see such tactics as effective will have no way to get involved in inde­ pendent, militant antiwar activities. This leaves the door open to those who urge students to instead get in­ volved in working for Democratic Party "peace" candidates. The rash of George McGovern and Bella Abzug buttons 'that began to appear on the campus during the sec­ ond week of the strike is testimony to this danger. A faculty peace group that had been dormant since May 1970 did not participate in this spring's antiwar actions; but gave $1,- Columbia stu_clents march to demand that the university shut down 000 to the McGovern campaign in­ stead. leave Columbia; 3) The School of In­ going to class could not substitute for hers of people wanted to demonstrate ternational Affairs (SIA) should ac­ mass support. Nor did this tactic help their opposition to these bombings, What is needed cept no more government contracts; in winning over more students to sup­ and many of the strike activities pro­ What is needed now is t~ projection · and 4) Columbia should sever all port of the strike. vided a focus for this protest. of antiwar activity that can involve ties with companies that do business The Student Mobilization Committee When the bombings of Hanoi and the greatest number of people, educate with apartheid regimes. and other students proposed instead Haiphong were not continued, the in­ students and others on the role ofthe The Colum)lia Student Mobiliza1ion holding informational picket lines to tensity of protest decreased. Some stu­ university in aiding the warJ and reach Committee submitted a proposal to encourage students to join the strike dents looked at what happened and out beyond the campus to involve this meeting outlining actions for the and get involved in antiwar activities began to criticize other students for those sectors of the community that next four days. This proposal, which on the campus. not staying in the_ streets day after have not been previously involved. ·was amended and then passed, includ­ At first a significant number of strike day and for not being "committed" The tenuous situation in ·vietnam ed open picketing, noon· rallies at Pu­ activists supported the idea of closed enough. What these students did not means that Nixon might decide to pin Hall (home of the Jason Project) picket lines as a way to demonstrate see is that the massive st11dent anti­ escalate the war again at any mo­ and at university senate meetings, militancy• and determination~ For ex­ war sentiment is still there. The entire ment. The upsu~e that could follow marches on and off campus, work­ ample, the Columbia Spectator, • the student population is watching Nix­ such an escal~tion could be deeper shops on the SIA contracts and the daily campus newspaper, endorsed on's moves very closely and is ready and broader than that of the last three Jason Project, marshal training for closed picket lines in its April 20 edi­ ~o respond once agaip. if Nixon dares weeks. the April 22 New York antiwar dem­ torial. "This [closed picket lines] does to commit ground troops or reescalate Many departments and schools at onstration, and other actions. not necessitate violent picketing," the the air war. Columbia started, and some have con­ In the following days some 51000 editorial stated. "Fist-fights would be The crucial task of the Columbia tinued, to organize their Own antiwar people from the Columbia community an outrage and an absurdity in an strike was to get the students, faculty, committees and meetings. Barnard participated in one or another of these action performed for a humane pur­ and staff to move in massive action College, General Studies, Teachers Col­ activities. This was a significant por­ pose. But militancy is called for in against . the continuation and escala­ lege, the law school, the graduate fac­ tion of the total campus community preserving the strike." tion of the war, as well as

8 Thousands in U.S. demonstrated -May 4 By DAVE FRANKEL ship of the May 4 picket line- together Angeles Federal Building near UCLA. A city-wide high school rally orga­ MAY 8-Antiwar demonstrators with the recent passage by the Min­ e In Portland, Ore., a candlelight nized by students from five high across the country continued on May neseta Federation of Teachers con- march of 900 and a rally of 1,300 schools drew 200, -and a march- of 4 their actions for an end -to the U.S. vention of an antiwar resolution call· were organized by the SMC. Speak­ 100 teachers and students was orga­ bombardment of Vietnam and the ing for the "immediate and total with­ ers at the rally included Eugene Mc­ nized by the SMC and the Progres­ withdrawal of all U.S. forces and ma­ drawal of all U.S. military personnel Carthy, Hawaii Congresswoman Pat­ sive Teachers Caucus. teriel from Southeast Asia. In Detroit from Southeast Asia"- indicate the - sy Mink, and Mike Kelly of the SM C. • At Kent State University 1,000 750 people picketed the Federal Build­ support that can be won from the Among other actions in Portland people participated in a candlelight ing in an action jointly sponsored by labor· movement. were a rally of 400 at Lewis and Clark march, and in Cleveland, teach-ins the Detroit Coalition to End the War Moratorium activities also 'took College, a rally of 200 at Reed Col­ and rallies were held in the down- · and the Detroit AFL-CIO Metropoli­ place in at least six high schools in lege, and an educational program at town area, at Cleveland State Univer­ tan Council. Detroit. Portland State University that drew sity, and at Cuyahoga Community I The demonstrators,. carrying signs 200. In Vancouver, Wash., an SMC College. A memorial service for those against the war, inflation, and unem­ • -In Cambridge, Mass., _200 par­ rally followed by a march: and pickef murdered at Kent, Jackson, and ployment, came from the Printing ticipated in a candlelight march from line at the draft board drew 150. Augusta was held at Case Western Pressmen's union, United Auto Work­ the Massachusetts Institute of Tech­ • About 300 people rallied May 6 Reserve University. ers Locals f56 and 160, the Lith­ nology to Harvard Square on May 4, at the Presidio Ar_!Dy Base in San • In Tallahassee, Fla., the SMC or- __ ographer_s and Photo Engravers and more than 5,000 gathered in Bos­ Francisco in defense of Billy Dean ganized a candlelight march that drew union, the United Farm Workers, the ton on May 6 for a rally sponsored Smith·, a Black G I who is being 400 despite rain. The University of Communications Workers of America, by the People's Coalition for Peace _ framed up for the killing of two of­ Georgia SMC also organized a rally the Detroit Federation of Teachers, the and Justice (PCPJ). ficers in Vietnam. The "evidence" of 400, and other actions were held Teamsters union, Michigan Federation • At Yale University, three rallies against Smith is a grenade pin found in Atlanta and Nashville. of Teachers Local 2000, Student Mo­ of about 150 each took place on May in one of his pockets. The pin, how­ e In Reykjavik, Iceland, a demon­ bilization Committee (SMC), Vietnam 4. One of th~se, a peaceful sit-in pro­ ever," does not match the type of gre­ stration was held May 3. According Veterans Against the War (VVAW), testing the arrest of a member of nade that killed the two officers. _ to the New York Times, 200 people Young Socialists for Jenness and Pul­ VVAW, was attacked by police, who e May 4 activities in Washington, protesting the war in Indochina con­ ley, Youth for McGovern, Communist used clubs and dogs. Some students D. C., included a rally of 500 at the fronted Secretary of State William P. l>arty, and the Socialist Workers Party. were hospitalized, and a protest vigil Capitol sponsored by the May 4 Mor­ Rogers. The Detroit AFL-CIO's that night drew 2,000. atorium Committee, a rally of 1,000- • In other developments over the • A rally in New York at Foley sponsored by Federal Employees for last week, the League of Women -Square, sponsored' by PCPJ and the Peace, and a town meeting of' 150 Voters, meeting at a national conven­ New York Vietnam -Peace Parade at Ail Souls Unitarian Church spon­ tion in Atlanta, went on record May C~mmittee, drew about 1,000 people. sored by Washington Area Peace Ac­ 6 in favor of total and immediate with­ A later bilingual rally conducted in tion Coalition. drawal of U.S. forces from Southe.ast Spanish and English and organized e More than 2,000 people rallied at Asia. One day· earlier, the preSide~tS _ of more than 60 private colleges and­ by the New York Peace Action Co­ the University of Colorado in Boulder alition drew several hundred in New in an action· sponsored by the SMC, universities in the Midwest signed a York's_garment center. joint statement also calling for the the Colora~o Peace Action Coalition, immediate withdrawal of all American Twenty-five New York campuses the New American Movement, Young and high schools requested SMC Socialist Alliance, United Mexican­ military forces from Vietnam. speakers 'on May 4. For May 5, American Students, and the Colorado Finally, a conference of trade union­ the New York SMC called a picket Daily. Speakers included SMC nation­ ists has been called for June 23 and line against Henry Kissinger, who was al coordinator Fred Lovgren, and 24 at the headquarters of the Team­ scheduled to speak before the Asia Father Neil McLaughlin of the Har­ sters union in St. Louis to establish Society in "an off-the-record talk on risburg Defense Committee. a new trade-union antiwar organiza­ current relations with Southeast Asia tion. The conference was initiated by to the corporate world." The May 5 • A May· 4 rally in Philadelphia David Livingston, secretary-treasurer · New York Post, under the headline drew 1,500 people. Sponsors included of the Distributive Workers of America; "Kissinger Scared -of Pickets?" an­ the Philadelphia Peace Action Coali­ Harold Gibbons, a vice-president of nounced that he ha!f cancelled his ap­ tion, 'SANE, Resistance, the Commu­ the Teamsters; . and Clifton Caldwell, pearance. nist Party, Socialist Workers Party, a vice-president of the Amalgamated • Seven high schools and 10 col­ SMC; Young Socialist Alliance, Young Meat Cutters, upon their return from lege campuses in the Los Angeles area Workers Liberation- League, Women's Hanoi. Plans for the conference were had moratorium actions, and 1,000 International League for Peace ahd discussed by a meeting of 22 labor of­ Pickets at May 4 action in Detroit people demonstrated at the West Los Freedom, and Women Strike for Peace. ficials from 13 unions.

lanta and some of his staff indicate the harassment resulted -from the Firebomb Birf£s critical coverage of Mayor Sam Debate Massell and City Hall. At this time no proof has been found of any con­ wrecks nection between the firebombing and on China the City Hall threats. The next week's hassle was from the ~Bird' U.S. Post Office. On April26 officials setfor- notified the Bird that they would not accept the paper if it ran its usual office ads for abortion-referral services. Here May19 ATLANTA, Ga., May 8-Just before again, it is not certain at this time By STACEY JOSLIN dawn on May 6 the offices of The whether _the Post Office action is. con­ NEW YORK- On Friday, May 19, Great Speckled Bird were firebombed. nected with the City Hall attacks; but the Guardian and the Upper West The Bird is-- the largest underground the New York Times and several na­ Side Militant Forum will cosponsor paper in the South and has been pub­ tional magazines that carry similar a debate on "Nixon's Trip to China." lished weekly for more than four ads do not face the same threat. · Participants in the debate will be Jack years. Fire and water damage was Smith, managing editor of the Guard­ quite extensive, leaving the Bird of­ Temporary restraining orders have ian, and Dick Roberts, staff writer fice unusable. Two firemen were in­ ended arrests of sellers and allowed for The Militant and associate editor jured putting out the blaze. maili,Jlg of the papers with the abortion of the International Socialist Review. ads, and court hearings are pending. Dr. Annette T. Rubenstein will chair According to Lieutenant J. A Bird The mayor and other city officials the meeting. of the -Atlanta Fire Department, the have been subpoenaed in the peddler's Nix'on's trip to China has been dis­ damage and obvious course of the fire license case. cussed in both The Militant and the indicate that someone used a bomb Extensive damage was done to the Guardian, and a lively exchange of or gasoline to start the fire. Neighbors Birf£s supplies and equipment A news views has been carried on in the pages heard a noise they described as "like release from the Bird says, "We could of the two papers. a shot" before seeing the flames. barely recognize the remains of our The Militanfs articles concluded that addressograph and plate typer."_ The China's Maoist regime, which follows The fire is the third serious threat staff plans to put out the paper this the policy of peaceful coexistence, to the paper's existence in the last Thursday as usual, operating out of made unnecessary accommodations to three weeks. Three weeks ago vice­ three different houses. They are now U.S. imperialism. The Guardian, squad detectives conducted mass ar­ looking for new offices. however, took the position that Mao rests of Bird sellers on the pretext met Nixon from a position of strength that peddler's licenses were required. The Bird is asking for contributions and _did not make any concessions This came after four yean of selling to help replace the office e,guipment to imperialism at the expense of rev- without licenses. that was destroyed. olutions in other coun~ries. - Thaf'same week a fire inspector The mailing address to which dona­ The debate between Robert& and came to check the building. The minor tions can be sent is: The Great Smith will be held in Room 902 of Part of da':'lage to the offices of deficiencies he found had been cor­ Speckled Bird, P. 0. Box 7847, At­ Schermerhorn Hall at Columbia Uni­ rected before the May 6 fire. lanta, Ga. 30309. Phone: (404) 874- Atlanta underground paper, the versity (116th Street and Broadway) Comments from_ the mayor of At- 1658. Great Speclded Bird. at 8 p.m.

THE MILITANT/ MAY 19, 1972 9 law had been passed in 1970: "It of building the May 6 actions and for the entire week of May 1-6. ~as passed because something new Abortion ~ction Week. This support DENVER: More than 100 women was coming onto the scene: Women was most evident in New York, where marched in pouring rain on May 6. By CINDY JAQUITH by the tens of thousands were waking leaders of the Women's Political Cau­ At an indoor rally after the demon­ NEW YORK-"Women unite-abor­ up to the full realization that our lives cus and NOW, faced with the !lenewed stration there were speeches from a tion is our right!" This was the chant were distorted, denied, debilitated, dis­ threats by anti-abortion· forces, gave lawyer, a woman working at an un­ of 1,500 militant demonstrators, most­ couraged, and destroyed by a funda­ their endorsement to May 6. In ad­ wed mother's home, the SWP, and ly young women, who marched and mental oppression." She pointed out dition, the, Daily World, which reflects greetings from singer Judy Collins. rallied here on May 6 against attacks that the united power of women or­ the views of the Communist Party, and WONAAC supporters gathered 3,000 by President Nixon and anti-abortion ganized against their oppression was the Guardian, a radical weekly, urged signatures during the week for re­ forces on the right to abortion in New the only force that could defend the their readers to join the/ actions. Un­ peal of Colorado's anti-abortion York. The demonstration here was right to abortion and ultimately take fortunately, the endorsement, particu­ law. The signatures were presented one of more than a dozen spirited control of women's bodies away from -larly by NOW and the Caucus, was to Governor John Love on May 5. actions nationwide on May 6 called the state and church. not matched with efforts by these or­ DETROIT: Chanting "What do you by the Women's National Abortion "We don't rely on one politician ganizations to throw their consider­ want- repeal! When do you want it­ Action Coalition (WONAAC) around or on 100 politicians who say they able forces into building the demon­ now!" 150 demonstrators marched on --the demands of repeal of all anti­ will do it for us," said Joanna Mis­ strations on an emergency basis. Had May 6. A major theme of the rally abortion and restrictive contraception nik, Socialist Workers Party candidate they done so, the answer to the at-. that followed was organizing support laws and an end to forced steriliza­ for U.S. Congress from New York's tacks on the right to abortion by Nix­ for repeal of Michigan's abortion law tion. 20th C. D. She warned the women on and the right wing in New York in the statewide referendum to be held "Abortion is a national issue," de­ about looking to either the Democrat­ could have been many times larger. in November. Speakers included a clared Democratic presidential candi- ic or Republican parties for guaran- The May 6 demonstrations were the representative of the Ontario, Canada, abortion law repeal movement, a Black high school woman, the SWP, and the Daughters of Bilitis. ATLANTA: An inspiring rally of 150 concluded a demonstration on r protests an May 6. The march and rally, ad­ dressed by speakers from NOW, Planned Parenthood, Georgia Citizens to Repeal Abortion Laws, and the SWP, received excellent news coverage. women's right to abortion NEW YORK: More than 100 attend­ ed a debate" at Brooklyn College be­ date Shirley Chisholm at the New tees to their right to abortion, rather culmination of the May 1-6 Abortion tween WONAAC and VIVA (Voices York rally. "What gave Nixon the than using their own power as an Action Week events around the coun­ for the Innocent Victims of Abortion) .. right to control what I do with my independent force. try. Highlights of the week's activities CBS-TV's "60 Minutes" filmed the body?., she asked. "Is he qualified WONAAC national coordinator Dr. were: deba-te~ Sixty-five women a-ttended a to. ~ct as a moral judge ... while Barbara Roberts stressed that "Only CHICAGO: Debates with anti-abortion teach-in at New York University. he~s.' bombing Vietnamese villages?" a massive, independent women's forces, films, a women's tribunal, and PORTLAND, ·ORE.: One hundred · She and many other speakers at the movement can save. our sisters from forums on five campuses in the Chi­ women rallied at Portland State Uni­ rally. blasted Nixon's. rejection on butchery. Only by uniting in spite of cago area led up to a city-wide march versity on May 3 to demand passage May 5 ot the recommendations from our differences will we win for all and rally of nearly 500 people on of the' Abortion Rights _Aet and re- the u~ S. Commission on Population women the right to choose." May 6. Speakers at the demonstra­ of 's abortion law. A Growth for liberalized abortion laws The New York demonstration be­ tion expressed their solidarity. with sev­ -and access to contraceptives f~r young gan at Bellevue Hospital and marched en Chicago women who had been ar­ people. Demonstrators also expressed down busy 34th Street, where hun­ rested two days before for allegedly their· outrage that Nixon had inter- dreds of onlookers stopped to watch. performing and conspiring to per­ vened · in the dispute over the New One of the most popular chants along form abortions. Representatives of York abortion law. In a May 6 let- the march was "Not the church, not· WONAAC, the Women's Political Cau­ ter to Cardinal Cooke of the New the state, women must decide our cus, Chicago Women's Liberation York Catholic archdiocese, Nixon fate!" Women also shouted, "One, two, Union, the Socialist Workers Party, said he "would personally like to as- three, four- we want abortions, not and other organizations spoke to the ' himself with the moves by, the war!" crowd. --.-.. ~~~~ BOSTON: Four to five hundred wom­ en from 40~cities marched on May 6. Following a rally, many joined a demonstration against the war in Southeast Asia sponsored by the Peo­ ple's Coalition for Peace and Justice • :,:M:: I (PCPJ). During the week, 150 people Photo by lora Eckert attended a· debate between supporters Congresswoman Shirley Chisholm of abortion and right-wing opponents et at the federal courthouse followea. at Salem State College; more than Demonstrators also protested the 100 heard feminist playwright Myrna state's harassment of the ·Lovejoy Lamb at Tufts University; and high Clinic, which performs abortions in school women held a rally of 66. Portland. SACRAMENTO: A spirited demonstra­ HOUSTON: A rally in Hermann Park tion of 250 women marched to the state on May 6 drew 75 women despite the capitol on May 6, On May 2 several fact that it was primary day. One dozen women picketed the state court­ of the most successful. activities dur­ house in San Francisco in support ing the week was a massive leaflet­ of the Women v. California class ac­ ting campaign by WONAAC support­ tion suit filed that day against the ers. Reporters from KPFT and KA UN New York May 6 march for women's right to abortion state abortion law. radio stations accompanied the leaf­ ST. PAUL, MINN.: Pro-abortion Square, wllere 1,500 participated in a spirited rally. letters to interview women and found demonstrators, numbering between only one woman who opposed the the Catholic ·Church hierarchy and The women came from campuses, 250 and 300, rallied at the state cap­ right to abortion. other reactionary forces to pass the high schools, women's liberation itol on May 6. Groups opposed to PHILADELPHIA: A women's tribunal Donovan-Crawford Bill. If passed, the groups, the National Organization for the right to abortion held an ac­ at a local hospital was attended by bill would make abortion illegal ex­ Women (NOW), gay organizations, tion of equal size just prior to the 100 supporters of the right to abor­ cept to save the life of the woman. abortion law repeal groups, and as WONAAC-sponsored rally. On May tion. Right-wing forces sent · 7 5 peo­ Under New York's present law, abor­ individuals. Two women marched with 1, a rally at the University of Min­ ple to heckle the speakers and then tions may be performed up to the signs that read, "I am a Catholic nesota attended by 100 wom-en h~ard left in the middle of the program. twenty-fourth week of pregnancy. who supports abortion." A large con­ speeches on the right to abortion and On May 6, some 40 women picket­ A bill supported by Governor Nel­ tingent of faculty and students joined the struggle for decent gynecological ed the federal courthouse, where a son Rockefeller to cut back the time the demonstration from Fordham Uni­ care at the student health center. smaller counter-demonstration of ~ limit to 18 weeks was attacked by versity, a Catholic school, where anti­ CLEVELAND: More , than 300 peo­ abortion opponents took place. speakers as a blatant attempt to com­ abortion. leader Robert Byrn teaches. ple at a May 6 rally were a!ldressed WASHINGTON, D. C.: More than 100 promise with the reactionary forces Actions around the country, al­ by speakers from the American Fed­ people participated in a day-long behind the Donovan-Crawford bill. though smaller, reflected the same en­ eration of State, County and Munic­ teach-in and tribunal on May 6. That Chisholm and other speakers at the thusiasm and militancy as the New ipal Employees (Af'SCME), the Wom­ evening a group of 50 women rally urged support to the Abortion York demonstration. In many areas .en's Political Caucus, Sisters in Strug­ marched to the Capitol to demand Rights Act, which if passed would re­ demonstrators expressed their support gle, NOW, the Gay Activist Alliance, passage of the Abortion Rights Act. peal all state and federal restrictions for the struggle to defend the l'ight to and the SWP. During the week, health, classes at Wil­ against abortion. Representative Bella abortion in New York. Everywhere SEATTLE: CBS-TV's "60 Minutes" son High School discussed abortion Abzug (D-N. Y.), sponsor of the bill, women felt they were part of a na­ filmed a debate between the Abortion and birth control with guest speak­ addressed the New York demonstra­ tional movement that was just begin­ Action Coalition of ·women and op­ ers from WONAAC and Planned Par­ tion and declared that the principle ning to express the power women have ponents of women's right to abortion enthood. behind her bill is that abortion "is to win the right to ·control their own held at the University of Washington AUSTIN: Forty women marched to a fundamental right of women." bodies. on May 5. Two hundred fifty people the state capitol on May 6 to demand Carol Lipman, who had just re­ Organizers of the demonstrations re­ came to hear the opposing views dis­ the right to abortion. A panel on turned from a WONAAC-sponsored ported that WONAAC and its local . cussed. The U of W campus news­ "Crimes Against Women" at the Uni­ tour of Europe, reminded the gather­ affiliates gained impressive support paper turned over its editorial pages versity of Texas earlier in the week ing of how New York's liberalized and were strengthened in the course to the abortion law repeal movement drew 60 people.

10 'Model' Where SDS ·stands todaJ pr1son• CAMBRIDGE, Mass.- A National tioned in passing, and the nationwide presidential elections would have a Convention Against Racism called by April 22 actions were not even dis- greater chance of victory than the the Students for a Democratic Society cussed. SWP ticket. It is interesting to note just like (SDS) met at Harvard University here PLP's opposition to Black, Chicano, that there was significant applause March 30 to April 2. About 1,200 and Puerto Rican- nationalism was re- when the SWP campaign was men- attended. affirmed by the convention. As they tioned. all jails The gathering reflected the evolution have done in the past, the PLP mem- o£ SDS since the tumultuous gathering hers counterposed "the fight against There was no discussion on the By DYMPHNA FLAVIN and split that occurred at the Chicago racism'' to support of Black or Raza character of the Democratic and Re­ SEATTLE, Wash. -Purdy Prison for convention in June 1969. To under- nationalism. Their hostility to the rev- publican parties and the role they play Women looks like one of the most stand where SDS stands today it is olutionary dynamics of Black nation- in perpetuating the •oppression of attractive penal institutions in the useful to review briefly its political alism as expressed in demands for Black and Raza people. Nor was there country. An hour's drive from Seattle history prior to and after the 1969 community control of schools, hospi- any discussion on the National Black it is situated on a wooded hillside~ split. tals, and other institutions in the Black Political Convention held recently in There is no sign on the road . to A\fter calling and organizing the first' community was shown by their re-· Gary, Ind., one of tqe most significant identify it as a prison, just a sign antiwar march on Washington, D. C., fusal to discuss politically their rejec- conferences held by the Black move­ that says "Treatment Center for in 1965, SDS rejected the need to build tion of nationalism. However, in both ment. Women." At first glance it resembles a mass antiwar movement and instead the Black and Raza workshops, which Although there"was little discussion a small middle-income housing devel­ proposed many substitutes for this key were attended by 30 ·to 40 people, of the women's liberation movement, opment surrounded by flowers and activity. many of whom were nationalists, PLP the convention did endorse the abor­ shrubbery. A closer look reveals the In early 1966 the Progressive Labor members were the only ones defending tion law repeal movement and the May guards, steel-meshed w,indows, and electronically lo'cked doors. Party (PLP), then a Maoist organiza- their line. 1-6 Abortion Action Week called by tion, entered SDS and began to exert The bulk of the discussion in plena- the Women's National Abortion Ac­ Purdy is one year old. Most of its a significant political infll,!ence. In ry sessions and workshops was tion Coalition. Most of this discussion 130 occupants are young and many 1968 this helped lead to SDS's adop- around the general question of racism. took place in the workshop on forced are married. The women have sen­ tion of the view that Black nationalism There were severil.l resolutions on sterilization. tences ranging from one to five years; is reactionary. The SDS leadership campaigns to fight racism in which The only organized opposition to the average imprisonment is two years. prior to this had no official position SDS has been active recently. Two the convention leadership came from on the Black movement and accepted that have been somewhat successful the Spartacist League-Revolutionary This writer went to Purdy to inter­ this antinationalist stand as being are the fight to get rid of racist text- Communist Youth and the National view an inmate named Patti, who sub­ better than having no position at all. books on campus and protests against Caucus of Labor Committees, small scribes to The Militant. Patti is 23 Because PL was an organized politi- professors who teach racist theories. sectarian groupings. Spartacist-RCY years old and is serving a two-year cal tendency within ·SDS and had a It is important to note that although walked out of the convention on the sentence for drug possession. Since relatively clear perspective of what it PLP's line dominated the convention, first night after denouncing it as a Washington is one of those states that wanted to do (which most of the SDS most of those attending were newc~m- ''liberal" gathering. They and their 50 can indefinitely extend a prisoner's term according to the whim of prison leaders did not have), it was able to ers who had not been around when supporters, as well as the Labor Com­ authorities, how soon Patti will be win many SDS members to its views. SDS split in 1969. They were mainly mittee and its 20 supporters, continued released is in question. With "good The "new left" leaders in SDS, unable interested in what SDS had to say to intervene in the more than 40 work­ behavior," she might get off with 16 to answer politically the PLPers, at- about fighting racism. This diverse shops. Affronted by the Spartacist and months. tempted to employ organizational composition was particularly clear Labor Committee's intervention, a Purdy is considered a "model" prison measures to exclude them. At first they during the discussion around the up- PLPer in the final workshop put forth for women. The inmates are referred attempted red"baiting. Finally, they coming elections. a motion to exclud~ them from the to as "residents," guards as "counsel­ bureaucratically expelled PLP at the SDS reaffirmed its position of boy- rest of the conference. It was amended lors," the prison' as a "campus," and 1969 convention. Since the convention cotting the 1972 presidential elections. to a motion of censure and passed by maximum security as "intensive care." was about evenly divided, the expul- They proposed that a mass antiracist the workshop. Despite its outwar-d appearance, sions really constituted a split. movement be organized instead. This The convention concluded with the The split led to the formation of proposal includes organizing demon- election of three "international secre­ however, Purdy deals with its pris­ the Revolutionary Youth Movement strations at the Democratic and Re- taries" (two are Black) and 23 peo­ _oners in the same inhumane way as (RYM) and the Worker Student Al- publican party conventions to agitate ple to the "international:- interim com- other prisons..._ Purdy has a "hole," but it is called a "stripped cell" by author­ liance (WSA). Shortly afterward, RYM for antiracist planks. Not everyone mittee." split into RYM I (Weathermen) and at the convention was satisfied with Most of those attending the conven­ ities. Rebellious inmates are given in­ RYM II, neither of which are visibly this position, however, and someone tion were in their early twenties. From jections of thorazine and placed in • in existence today. The WSA faction, asked why SDS wouldn't support 10 to 15 percent were Black and Raza, solitary confinement. The drug makes­ which was the PL-dominated group, parties or candidates independent of and nearly one-half were women. Most them unable to think or move, essen­ is what remains of SDS. the two capitalist. parties, such as those of the participants were new to radical tially reducing them to zombies. Following the 1969 convention, the from the People's Party, the Com- politics and seemed to have come to Inmates at Purdy either work or go WSA faction continued to put out the munist Party, or the Socialist Workers the convention out of curiosity. to school. Many complete their high school education at the prison, but SDS n~wspaper, New Left Notes, and Party. There was considerable interest in after that there is only one college­ began implementing PLP's sectarian level course- English. Women on the · line with all its Maoist rhetoric. The work program live in an "open cam­ PLP-dominated group's sectarianism pus" and commute to their jobs in was so acute that it physically at­ nearby cities. These women must pay tempted to prevent the other factions for their cells, which are called "apart­ of SDS from holding meetings in the ments." In essence, they become their name of SDS or participating in meet­ own jailers, according to the prison ings that PLP organized in the name · authorities. Patti explained that this of SDS. method of "rehabilitation" was not PLP attempted to apply the same working. "Their star pupils are re­ policy to other groups it politically turning as fast a's they become rehabil­ disagreed with. This was highlighted itated." Purdy doesn't change the pris­ by its physical attack on an SMC oners, she said, it just makes them national steering committee meeting bitter. ·in May 1970 in Boston.lt also phys­ Patti hopes to start a women's ically attempted to disrupt the Nation­ awareness group once she gets out al Peace Action Coalitim:i convention of maximum security. She feels she in July 1971. These hooligan attacks has been confined there so· long be­ helped lay the' basis for SDS's isola­ cause she is a radical. tion from radicalizing youth. "It's a sick society we live in, and More recently, SDS has modified its locking people up in places like Purdy approach and is now appearing less isn't going to change· them. People sectarian in an attempt to win greater Washington, D.C., April 17, 1965. SDS's calling of first mass demon­ are forever trying to patch the sys­ support from . student radicals. This stration against Indochina war marked beginning of antiwar movement. tem up," Patti explained. She feels that new approach was evident at the Har­ After many twists, turns, and splits, what remains of SDS barely men­ the public knows very little about the vard conven'tion, where the perspective tioned antiwar movement at recent Harvard convention. oppressive conditions in the prisons was to remak~ SDS into the all­ and the attitudes of inmates. One of inclusive organization it once was. The PLP reply was that neither of the Boston Women's Abortion Action the things she likes about The Militant On many key political questions, the three could win. They also indi­ Coalition literature table, the Student is its truthful coverage on this subject. however, there was little change. For cated that their boycott position didn't Mobilization Committee table, and the example, on the central question in exclude supporting local candidates SWP election campaign table. A num­ world politics today- the Vietnam with "good" antiracist platforms. PLP· ber of convention participants were war- the convention had little to say. didn't explain why there was anymore wearing April 22 antiwar and May The antiwar movement was only men- basis for thinking their boycott of the 1-6 Abortion Action Week buttons.

THE MILITANT/ MAY 19, 1972 11 a product of his exceptional personal gifts. His writings '1905' by Leon Trotsky. Translated by Anya Bostock. testify still more to the value and validity of the Marx­ Random House, New York. 488 pp. $15. In paperback, ist ideas, which were confirmed in action by the October Vintage Books. New York, $2.95. 1972. revolution. The theoretical anticipation and the subsequent practical verification, linked together, can help clarify The following review of "1905" is reprinted from the a series of problems connected with what used to be called April 10, 1972, Intercontinental Press. Minor deletions "the philosophy of history." have been made for reasons of space. Diverse schools of thought, from the existentialists to By GEORGE NOVACK some positivists, contend that history in itself has no Trotsky's 1905 is an eyewitness account of the first rhyme or reason. In their view, its processes are not gov­ Russian revolution by one of its leading figures, the act­ erned by law and its course and causes cannot be made ing head and chief spokesman of the Petersburg Soviet intelligible. History is essentially irrational and only a of Workers' Deputies. He analyzes the social forces that hopeless Hegelian idealist or Marxist dogmatist would came to grips during that upheaval, which unsettled the talk about "the logic of history." By dint of)nvestiga­ _) decaying czarist regime' but failed to overthrow it. That tion we might find out to some extent what re~lly hap­ was done twelve years later. pened in history (though some skeptics question whether Trotsky's interpretation of the "great rehearsal" for 1917 even so meager a portion of knowledge is obtainable). displays the same acumen that characterizes his subse­ But we cannot discover or explain why things happened quent masterful companion work, The History of the Rus­ as they did and not otherwise. ' sian Revolution. Whoever wants to understand the sig· Marxism takes exception to this skeptical or agnostic nificance of the 1905 events will find ample enlighten­ . point of view. It teaches that although the laws of human ment in its pages. development differ qualitatively from those belonging to Trotsky here expounds the theory of permanent rev­ physical or biological phenomena, they exist and can be olution that he first formulated in 1905-06 and, in several deciphered. These are best formulated in the principles appendices, defends his views against the criticisms of of historical materialism. According to this theory, the other tendencies within the Russian social democracy. main factor governing the development of civilized so­ This work can be viewed in a context even broader than ciety is the class struggle, which hi the twentieth century that of the clash of political ideas in Russia between 1905 has culminated in the mortal combat on a global scale and 1917. It can also illuminate some of the major the­ betw~n the procapitalist and the anticapitalist forces head­ oretical problems concerned with the interpretation of his­ ed by the proletariat. tory. Trotsky used the ideas of the materialist interpretation Historians and philosophers hav~ asked: Can we have of history as his guidelines in analyzing the contradictions l' .~·4"'". real knowledge of the past? Do historical events have of Russian society. He pointed out that the exceptional \J . .t- any intrinsic. meaning; if so, how are they to be explained? peculiarities of Russia's past had produced a national ~ Can history-writing be objective, and is political partisan­ structure that was very different in \}'pe from the older ship compatible with objectivity? Is there causation in the capitalisms of Western Europe. Through a true knowl­ historical process? Is the future predictable? edge and accurate estimate of the special correlation of ·In recent years a host of anti-Marxists, from professors social forces at work, he asserted it was possible to per­ Popper to Acton, have severely criticized the affirmative ceive. and predict a new road for the Russian revolu­ positions of historical materialism on· these and related tioa , questions. They have sought to disqualify the scientific On account of the very different relations between the <;haracter of the Marxist method and relegate i._ts con- bourgeoisie and the proletariat, the belated Russian rev­ olution could not and ~opld not duplicate the earlier democratic revolutions. The struggle for democracy and the . struggle for socialism, which up to that point had been separated, were inextricably intertwined. Since the weak and cowardly bourgeoisie could not shoulder or solve the....._tasks of the democratic revolution, these de­ mands of national progress would be taken over by the working class, which had its own socialist interests to realize in the process. · Trotsky was first of all able to arrive at this bold and innovative deduction, which was not shared by some of the staunchest revolutionists of his generation, because of his insight into the past He. grasped before others , as se the momentous consequences of the peculiar path of Rus­ sia's development compared with the more advanced coun­ of the Russian Revolution. The 1917 Revolution con­ tries. The fact that his conclusions turned out to be well firmed predictions in his book '1905 .' founded demonstrated, among· other things, that with a sound scientific method it was possible to acquire true elusions to the never-never land of utopia. They do so knowledge of the past. at a heavy cost since, by denying lawfulness in history, The skeptics· do not .merely argue that the past is opaque they deprive historiography of any scientific validity and and incomprehensible. They further contend that the pres­ verifiability. ent is too elusive, ambiguous, and undetermined, too The first translation into English- of Trotsky's 1905 torn by multiple conflicting trends, for anyone to identify provides a good occasion to counterpose the positions the principal strategic forces at work with any accuracy of the contending schools of historical ipterpretation on or ascertain whither these are tending. The existing situa­ these theoretical issues, to see which stands up best under tion, they say, contains all sorts of possibilities in sus­ the test of the actual events. Trotsky is generally acknowl­ pension, so that no specific lines of development can be edged (outside the Soviet bloc and China) to be as pre- singled out as more determinative of the futur.e than others. ' eminent in writing history in the Marxist manner as he. The totally open-ended character of the present prec~udes was in making it. As a representative product of the school the possibility of telling what the future will bring; it is of historical materialism, this work is well suited to serve utterly unpredictable. as a standard Jor assaying the worth of the Marxist con­ ception of history. Trotsky's book, composed of materials written in 1905 History and scientHic inquiry and essays published in 1908-09 in Polish and German The purpose of scientific inquiry is to penetrate the periodicals, was issued in an interlude between the crush­ chaotic and confusing appearances of the given in order uig of the first Russian ·revolution and the outbreak of to uncover the essential structural relations that generate the second. It looked back upon past struggles the better them and the driving forces that will change them. That to move forward upon their resurgence. is what Trotsky sought to do in his work. He did not The author's appraisal of the character and motive .take the present as fixed and final nor the future as in­ forces of Russia's development was one among many scrutable. According to his analysis, the special align­ theories and forecasts put forward by the journalists, ment of social forces in Russia held out only two funda­ statesmen, politicians, and historians around that time. mental variants of political dev~lopment in the event of His views differed not only from those of the spokesmen another revolution. Either the reaction would triumph for the upper classes, from the defenders of czarist autoc­ and reconsolidate its grip, if the revolution was again racy to the ideologues of the bourgeois constitutionalists, defeated; or the- proletariat would come to power at the but also from all the other left tendencies, including the head of the insurgent masses, as it came close to doing Social Revolutionaries, the Mensheviks, and even Lenin's in 1905. His assertions were quite categorical. There was Bolsheviks. no third option available to the country under the histori­ His distinctive contribution was the affirmation that cally created circumstances of the 'class struggle. - a victorious . revolution could come about only as the The representatives of the liberal bourgeoisie disputed result of the conquest of power by the working class, this prognosis and declared that a constitutional regime . backed by the insurgent peasantry, and that the new on the English or German model was the next predestined revolutionary power would have to break through the and desirl;lble step in political progress. The SR's and limitations of bourgeois democracy, establish a dictator­ Mensheviks argued that a democratic republic with the ship of the proletariat, and take measures that would bourgeoisie in the driver's seat was the proximate goal. abolish capitalism. Even the Bolsheviks, who looked forward to a "demo­ This conception of the dynamics of the revolutionary cratic dictatorship of the proletariat and peasantry," felt process in Russia and prognosis of the next stage was that Trotsky was going too far and too fast in skipping subjected to verification by the events of 1917' emerging over the democratic stage and leaping to the socialist · fully vindicated. This much is admitted by most serious one. scholars, some of whom attribute the accuracy of the The uruolding of the events in 1917 proved that the forecast to Trotsky's intellectual brilliance. polar lines of development projected by Trotsky were the The keenness of his insight and foresight was not solely only real choices. After other variants were tried and University students demonstrating in ·

12 cast aside, the alternatives came down, to either the mili­ possible to maintain since the ideological and political tary dictatorship of Kornilov as a .stage toward mon­ outlook of the scholar does affect the nature and results · archical restoration or the socialist dictatorship of the·pro- of his inquiries. It is foreign to the integrated procedur~ ·letariat based on the Soviet power headed by the Bol­ of historical materialism. For Marxists the purpose of sheviks. studying history is to. find out the meaning of the present Positivists. argue that however much the historian .can in connection with the past in order to shape the future. learn about the past, such knowledge and its lessons are History would be worthless if we learned nothing from it. of little or no help in ascertaining what lies ahead. The Historian as full-time revolutionist future is in principle unpredictable and its outlines unfore­ Trotsky was not a mere journalistic commentator on the seeable. Those who claim that the future is determinable passing show nor a professor-detached from public affairs to any significant degree are, they say, guilty of "his­ and indifferent to them in pursuit of his specialty. He toricism," or_, still worse, are reverting to the theodicy of was a full-time revolutionist. He undertook his analysis the providential or purposive schemes of history. of 1905 and used its conclusions to orient th,e cadres of Trotsky, the Marxist, proceeded from entirely different the Marxist movement in the unfolding struggle. His the­ premises in respect to Russian history. Though it ended oretical work was inseparable from his political activity. in defeat, the 1905 experience caat considerable light on From 1906 to 1917 the views he set forth in the the­ what was ahead, he wrote. It disclosed the vulnerability ory of permanent revolution, the "Trotskyism" of that era, of czarism, the political feebleness of the bourgeoisie, the were restricted to a small circle even in the socialist move­ latent insurgency of the land-hungry peasants combined ment. However, .they were adopted in substance by the with their incapacity to take the center of the political Bolsheviks after April 1917 and the perspectives of that stage, and, above all, the leading and decisive role of theory guided them to the October insurrection. the working class. He predicted that the roles of the con­ The triumph of the October revolution under Lenin's. tending forces displayed during 1905 would be reenacted and Trotsky's leadership is linked with two factors in on a higher level at the climactic phases of the next rev­ the biographies Qf these individuals. In the April Theses olutionary upsurge. that rearmed his party, Lenin .took over the strategic This extrapolation from. the past to the future was borne conclusions of Trotsky's conception that the proletariat HISTORY out in 1917. It could be objected that the correspondence was obliged to seize power in order to realize both the between Trotsky's prevision and· the later course of events democratic and. the socialist program of the Russian rev­ was not owed to any really scientific understanding of olution. SeveraL months later, when his Interdistrict Or­ historic processes but was a lucky strike-while he hap­ ganization merged with the Bolsheviks, Trotsky was ir­ ILITICS pened this one time to hit the center of the target, there revocably won over (o Lenin's conception of party or­ was no assurance that he would not go amiss on other ganization. H Lenin became "Trotskyist," as Kamenev occasions. charged at the time, Trotsky in turn became "Leninist." Trotsky replied to this argument against the scientific These two developments on the personal and ideological opjectivism of the Marxist method in the introduction to levels entered .as essential preconditions for the successful ~ volumes two and three of Tlte History of the Russian conquest of power. . ~ r • " Revolution. "When a mining engineer fmds magnetic ore Here we can see how the decisions of individuals and in an uninvestigated region by drilling, it is always pos­ their ideas form part of the process of historical deter­ sible to assume that this was a happy accident; .the con­ mination in association with the more fundamental and struction of a mine is hardly to be recommended. But weightier forces of the classes in motion. As Trotsky writes when the same engineer, on the basis, let us say, of the in 1905: "The lo,.dc of the class struggle does not exempt deviation of a magnetic needle, comes to the conClusion us from the necessity . of using our own logic. Whoever that a vein of ore lies concealed in the earth, and sub­ is unable to admit initiative, talent, energy, and heroism sequently strikes ore at various different points in the into the framework of historical necessity, has not grasped region, then the most cavilling sceptic will not venture to the philosophical secret of Marxism. But, conversely, if talk about accidents. What convinces is the system which we want to grasp a political process-' in this case, the unites the general with the particular." revolution~ as a whole, we must be capable of seeing, Trqtsky' s prescience was not confined to the class behind . the motley of parties and programs, behind the dynamics of the revolution but extended to the agencies perfidy and greed of some" and the courag_e and ideal­ that were to carry it out. He saw that the soviets, which is,m of others, the proper outlines of the social classes had first sprung up in 1905 as a spontaneous creation whose roots lie deep within the relations of production of the workers, were destined to be the central organ of and whose flowers blossom in the highest spheres of ide­ their struggle against the possessing classes. and in laying ology." the framework and foundation of a new state power. His Instead of disjoining historical theorizing from political participation in the affairs of the· Petersburg Soviet, which P.ractice and party affiliation, Trotsky fused these aspects ht:: headed, certainly reinforced this conviction. of revolutionary work in an unbreakable unity. The Marx­ Predictability is based upon the peristence of regularities ist system knits together the study of history with current in the historic process. H we credit the e'mplricists and politics, giving it practical value and preventimg it from existentialists, necessity and lawfulness do not characterize becoming a devitalized enterprise. the course of human affairs-history ·is like a roulette The eclectics and skeptics who feed on uncertainty and wheel; what comes up next is pure chance. confusion are repelled by the clear-cut principles, revolu­ Nonetheless the operators of gambling casinos are well tionary class standpoint, and firm conclusions of Marx­ aware that even random occurrences are subject to the ism. In denying that past or present history lends itself · statistical laws of probability, and they profit thereby. to scientific analysis, they nowadays chiefly aim at dis­ Some empiricists will admit that probabilities exist so that crediting the foundations of historical materialism, the one outcome may be more likely to happen than another. consummate expression of scientific knowledg~ about the But they stubbornly insist that necessities are ruled out. development of society. The analytical and predictive pow­ These are metaphysical entities that have no place in social er exhibited in Trotsky's theory of the permanent revolu­ scierice, as Professor Popper, the foe of historical deter­ tion, ratified qy 1917, was a specific refutation or such minism of any kind, deelares. It is not the causal con­ critics through the higher criticism of the historical process nections of historical facts in their development that de­ itself. He wrote, he acted, he- together with the Russian cide the course of events and give meaning to history workers and peasants- conquered. but only our individual decisions, he says. On this hy­ Students of history in· the universities are looking for pothesis there could have been no necessity for the pro­ models to imitate and teachers to learn from- in most letariat to have come out on top in 1917. That wa'Sa cases in vain. In Trotsky they will find a superb teach­ sheer accident. . er in the employment of the scientific method of .eompre- - Trotsky thought otherwise. He would have conceded that bending historical processes. He combined expertness in the particular outcome was not foreordained. H all the the field of theory and literary artistry with a career of conditions for the victory of the proletariat-from the war­ devoted service to the emancipation struggle o( the op- weariness of the people to the intervention of Lenin-had pressed. · not come together at that juncture, 1917 might have ended The youth often ask: Is it possible for scientific inquiry as disastrously as 1905. All the same it is true that what­ and historical learning to be meshed with activity in- a ever fortuitous factors contributed to that result, the prole­ revolutionary organization? Trotsky, among others, tariat did take power in 1917. Nothing can erase this showed that however difficult it may be to keep them fact from twentieth century history, and that is what makes in. tandem, the one can go along with the other. To be that year so meaningful. It started a new era in world sure, the ··demands of theoretical work can sometimes con­ development. flict with the exigencies of participation in the ongoing As Trotsky explained at length and in detail in the struggle•. Which is to take priority in that event'1 ' three volumes of The History of the Russian Revolution, Lenin gave· an excellent· answer to this dilemma in the the objective necessities responsible for this result were afterword to his work The State and Revolution. He, lodged in the whole of Russia's past, crystallized in its too, was concentrating upon setting down the lessons of peculiar alignment of social forces that gave bi+th to the Russian reyolutions of 1905 and 1917 when the po­ a proletarian revolution mightily reinforced by an irre­ litical crisis of the October overturn supervened and pre­ pressible peasant uprising. The general direction of these vented him.from completing that book. "Such a hindrance," necessities could be discerned in advance and knowledge he wrote, "can only be welcomed. It is more pleasant and of them consciously used to steer the class struggle toward useful to live through the experience of a revolution than victory, as the Bolshevik leadership did in 1917. · to write about it." - · Academic historians incline to divorce theory from However, revolutionary showdowns are not always on practice, past history from contemporary politics. In their the agenda. Marxists spend most of their days prepar­ eyes the two belong in separate compartments. History ing and organizing for them, not fighting them. This al~ may be open to dispassionate scientific investigation, but ternation of tasks makes it all the more important, as politics has no scientific basis and is not the proper both Lenin and Trotsky recognized, to study the experi­ · business qf the historian. ences of the past in order to make its processes intclli- Such an arbitrary disjunction between the struggles of • gible and be most adequately equipped to deal with new pathy with 1905 workers uprising .. the past and the present is unwarranted and everi im- problems of the struggle as they arise.

THE MILITANT/ MAY 19, 1972 13 Jenness has written a-letter to Brown Cleveland's Black community, as well .. demonstrations~ and oariq~ets in Aus­ pointing out that the age requirement as for WGCL and WIXY. He also tin, Lubbock, San Antonio,··Dallas, Official is for holding, not running for, the addres!)ed the city-wide antiwar mor­ Wichita Falls, Huntsville, Dentpn, office of president. She also explained atorium rally held May 4 in Cleve­ Houston, San Marcos, and Beaumont. that because of the present provision land's Public Square. To volunteer to help in the ballot retreats for indirect election of the president, More than 60 new endorsers for effort, contact the SWP Campaign at: it is the Ohio presidential electors who the campaign were signed up during 6411 Lyons, Houston, Texas 77020; are actually the candidates for office. his tour, and 12 people asked to join 611 West 29th, Austin, Texas 78705; in Ohio Each of Jenness's electors meets the the Young Socialist Alliance. or 619 Mulberry, San Antonio, Texas Ohio requirements for the office of 78212. presidential elector. Jenness maintains ballot that if she were elected, the U.S. Con­ stitution could be amended to allow 4,000 Mass. her to serve. Despite Brown's retreat on his de­ fight mand for an affidavit from Jenness, signSWP petition· CLEVELAND- Thousands of voters the SWP is preparing to obtain a court in the Cleveland area were turned injunction barring Brown from ruling away at polling places on May 2 the presidential slate pledged to Jen­ when they attempted to vote in the ness off the ballot because of her age. petitions drive gets Democratic and Republican primaries. A massive snarl-up of voting ma­ chines and personnel paralyzed at in TexaS .good least 127 polling places in Cuyahoga Pulley By EVELYN SELL County, according to the May -:3 New HOUSTON- "Socialist Workers? York Times, and the polls at 20 loca- response That's my party!" exclaimed one Uni­ tions never opened at all. · speaks versity of Texas student as he signed By JEFF POWERS Cleveland TV stations reported on the petition to place a revolutionary­ BOSTON, May 7 -"Let me sign this the eve of the primary that many socialist party on the Texas statewide in ink so I can be sure the crooks machines did not work, some never ballot for the first time. in the statehouse won't erase my sig­ arrived at the polls, some did not in Ohio A minimum of 22,358 signatures nature," said an ol

14 • ·- ~ t. McGovern retreats -. '71 Soc1a 1IS · on right to abortion By CAROLINE LUND in favor of repeal of all abortion laws MAY 8-Now that 12 of the23 pres­ and he condemns forced sterilizations." idential primaries have taken place, When he was an underdog and need­ Senator George McGovern has a clear ed women's support, McGovern led lead in the contest for Democratic Par­ women to believe 4e stood for the ty convention delegates. According to right to abortion. But now, as his a May 6 tabulation by the New York chances of . winning increase, he is -Christian Science Monitor· staff writer Two new stickers are available from Times, McGovern has the votes of "clarifying" his position to make him­ Gil Scott writes in the April 22 Moni­ the national campaign office at $1 312.5 delegates while Senator Hubert' self more. acceptable to conservatives. tor: per 100 stickers: "Vote Socialist Work­ Humphrey has 223. The May 4 Times Many women are going to be jus­ _"Andrew Pulley began his political ers, Linda Jenness for President, An­ also reported that a "sudde1;1 flood tifiably angry at this two-faced beha­ career four years ago while he was a drew Pulley for Vice-President" (in of large contributions" was coming vior. high-school student in Cleveland. orange or &P"een), and "Control Chi­ into McGovern's headquarters. Senator Hubert Humphrey, another "His probation officer gave him a cano del Barrio Chicano" (black, Now that McGovern sees he has Democratic contender who opposes choke: Join the Army or go to Jail. white and brown). a chance to win the Democratic Party abortion on demand, also says it is He chose the Army. nomination, he is beginning to move a matter for the states. Senator Ed­ "It seems that police had charged As of May 4, a total of 9,822 Jenness-· to the right to court support from ward Kennedy, whom some consider Mr. Pulley with inciting to riot when Pulley endorser cards have been re­ powerful politicians and party bosses a possible Democratic nominee, also he and other black students demon­ ceived by the national campaign office. as well as from the more conserva­ opposes the right to abortion- on the strated against the a~sassination of .....__, tive segments of the population. grounds of the "rights" of the fetus. Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. Laura Moorhead, SWP candidate for On May 5, in a series of news con­ On amnesty, McGovern says he does "The product of a black ghetto, Mr. U.S. Congress in California's 37th ferences in Nebraska, McGovern ve­ not favor it until the war is over. Pulley helped organize a GI move-· C.D., appeared at the Candidates '72 hemently denied reports that he fa­ "Once our prisoners and troops were ment against the war in Vietnam; then Community Forum sponsored by the vors liberalized abortion laws, legali­ home, I would then. declare an am­ there was the 60 days in the Ft. Jack­ Southern Christian Leadership Con­ zation of marijuana, and amnesty for nesty," he was quoted as saying in son, S. C., stockade, and later dis­ ference and the National Urban draft evaders. the May 6 Washington Post. How­ charge from the military. · League ·on April 29. He made these denials in response ever, this would apply only to draft "Now 21, Mr. Pulley has traveled Moorhead shared the platform with to a half-page ad' that appeared in evaders, not to deserters. While he throughout the United States and the other candidates in the Los Angeles The True Voice, the official newspaper claims to believe the Vietnam war is world as the Socialist Workers Party district race, includmg Yvonne Braith­ for the Catholic diocese of Omaha, immoral, he is in favor of compelling candidate for vice-president of the wite and -Billy G. Mill. The candidates Neb: Tile ad, signed by the chair­ Gis to participate in the criminal United States.... were interviewed before a large audi­ man of the local "Citizens Concerned slaughter as long as the Republican " ... he says a black political par­ ence of the Black community. for the Preservation of Life," quoted and Democratic party politicians who ty . . . would be 'the best thing that Moorhead spoke in support of Black. columnists Rowland Evans and Rob­ could happen to the black struggle.' control of the Black community. Fol­ ert Novak, and Joseph Kraft, imply­ "The black political convention in lowing the interview, Moorhead was ing that McGovern stood for "amnesty, Gary showed that there are many interviewed -by the Los Angeles Sen­ abortion, and the legalization of pot." blacks who want to opt out of Amer­ tinel, a Bla'\k community newspaper, -- In response to this ad, McGovern ican politics as they know it, and who and challenged B}lly Mill to a debate. stated the following as his position want to control their own communi­ on the right of women to abortion: ties, their education, and their destiny. The April 19, 1972, Collegiate Times "I simply don't thirik the federal gov­ "Many black leaders reject the idea (Virginia Polytechnic Institute and ernment should be involved at all. -for now- that a black political par­ State University, Blacksburg, Va.) I have proposed no action in this ty is soon forthcoming, but many also_ carried a front-page interview with Er­ field. As President I would propose see such an organization as a real nie Harsch, a member of the Mid­ no action. This is an issue in which possibility if the 1972 presidential elec­ Atlantic YSJP team that visited Vir­ the state has sole jurisdiction. I don't . tions offer little hope for the aspira- ginia, West Virginia, New York, and propose to enter this area." (As quoted tions of minorities. Pennsylvania this spring. in the May 6 Washington Post.) "'We want to get the brothers and Harsch pointed out that many Mc­ This slimy attempt to avoid the is­ sisters out of the master's organiza­ Govern supporters are sympathetic to sue of abortion by relegating it to tions,' Mr. Pulley says.... socialist ideas but "just want to give the states will not work. McGovern's "He has no doubt .. ) . that minor­ the system one more chance." He stand is a tacit endorsement of the ities will not fare better, regardless of adds, "I used to think the system laws denying women the right to abor­ who is elected president." Photo by might work. In '68 I campaigned for tion that exist in the great majority George McGovern spoke at Nov. McCarthy. I guess my illusions got of states. What it amounts to is say­ shot down." ing that women should not have the 15, 1969, antiwar rally in Washing­ Jeff Powers of the Boston Socialist basic democratic right to decide wheth­ ton,· D. C. Shifting to the right, Mc­ Workers Campaign. Committee r~ Claire Connelly, in the April 28 Cam­ er to have a child. Govern refused to support April ports: pus Lantern (Eastern Connecticut Apparently McGovern will not sup­ 22 "Out Now" actions. "On WlJZ-TV's coverage of the Bos­ State College) writes 'about the Social­ port the Abortion ;Rights Act of 1972, ton April 29 antiwar demonstration, ist Workers presidential campaign: which was introduced by Congress­ run this country keep the war going. they showed about 30 seconds of the " ••• both candidates are common woman Bella Abzug (D-N. Y.) in the McGovern is also shifting to the demonstration itself and then devoted workers (Jenness is a secretary, Pulley House of Representatives May 2. This right on the question of supporting about a minute and a half to what was a switchman in the Chicago rail­ bill asserts that the right to abortion antiwar protests and. demonstrations. they described as a 'continuing debate yards- S. B.) and therefore understand is a constitutional right that cannot Asked whether he supported the April going on within the antiwar move­ and are qualified to represent the ma­ be infringed upon by federal, state, 22 antiwar actions, he told students ment.' They said, 'On the one hand jority of the American people-in or local governmeqts. at Ohio State University: "I used to there are supporters of the campaign stark contrast to the professional poli­ In relegating the issue of the right participate in those demonstr-ations, of George McGovern and on the other ticians who will head the tickets of the to abortion .to the states, McGovern as you know. But I've decided the there are supporters of the Socialist two major parties. • • • is taking the same stand as President best thing I can do now is 'run for Workers Party campaign of Linda "The SWP opposes wage controls Nixon. As one'of his reasons for de­ the Presidency so I can speak out Jenness and Andrew Pulley.' They and calls for a national ·congress of nying abortion on demand to women every day, not just on April 22." (As then cut to a debate between two YSJP­ labor to discuss and adopt a pro­ in the military, Nixon said on April quoted in the April 20 Ohio State ers and a supporter of the McGovern gram to counter the attacks by the 3, 1971: "Historically, laws regulat- Lantern.) This was simply a weasel­ campaign that happened near our capitalist class (owners of production) -ing abortion in the United States have like way of refusing to support mass campaign table after the demonstra­ on the working class (those who sell been the province of states, not the antiwar demonstrations. tion was over. They showed about a their labor power). The goals include Federal Government." Again, many McGovern supporters minute of this, with the YSJPers clear­ automatic wage increases to meet the McGovern has pulled a slick ma­ had been led to believe that' McGovern ly getting the best of the discussion.'' cost of living, a reduction in working neuver on the thousands of women supported the antiwar movement. For hours to end unemployment, and who have supported his campaign be­ instance, McGovern endorsed the ~ launching a labor party based on the cause they thought he favored full Emergency Student Antiwar Confer­ The SWP national campaign office re­ trade unions. • • • rights for women- which must include ence held Feb. 25 in New York, and ports that since it became available "The SWP is often lumped with the · the right to control their own bodies. Youth for McGovern representatives in mid-April, more than 100,000 Communist Party by its enemies, but He has put out buttons with his name endorsed a proposal there that stu­ copies of the 1972 Socialist Workers there is little similarity.· (The SWP be­ together with the women's rights sym­ dents should build the April 22 dem­ Party Election Platform have been dis­ lieves that socialism and democracy bol. The McGovern for President cam­ onstrations. Now, with the possibility tributed by campaign ·supporters are inseparable. They opposed the paign headquarters at 605 Fifth Av­ of -winning the nomination in sight, throughout the country. ·Stalinist repressions in the Soviet enue in New York put out a printed McGovern is dissociating himself from If you would like to help distribute Union and other so-called 'Commu­ leaflet with the ·headline: "The wom­ antiwar protests in the streets. As Mc­ the election platform, send $7.50 per nist' nations and never subordinated an's case for McGovern." Under a Govern reveals his true face, many 1,000 copies to SWP '72 Campaign, the interests of the AmeriCJln working heading "Abortion rights," the leaflet· of his supporters, who are active in 706 Broadway, Eighth Floor, New class to the interests of the Soviet reads: "Senator McGovern believes the antiwar movement, are going to York, N.Y. 10003. Single copies are Union's foreign policy••• .'' that abortion, like all medical mat­ be upset. · free. -STEVE BEREN ters, should be between a woman and New York Times columnist James · her physician. To Senator McGovern Reston made the following comment abortion is a woman's right. He is Continued on poge 22

THE MILITANT/ MAY 19, 1972 15 Attica massacre: That day tore from those guards: the shreds of their humanity' By DERRICK MORRISON The commission-which met for The inmates are rounded up and April 29 New York Times, Walter NEW YORK- The Attica prison mas­ three days beginning April 12 in . herded to a doorway that leads to Dunbar, executive deputy commis­ sacre was again brought back into Rochester and then moved to New another yard. As the prisoners enter sioner of state corrections and one the spotlight with the McKay Com­ York City- also documented for the they are told to crawl on their bellies. of the last to testify, said the force mission hearings in April. Although first time the weapons of death em­ Since it was rammg, this meant displayed "excellent self-discipline, ex­ the commission brought to light some ployed at Attica. The more than 400 crawling through -the mud. This cellent self-control and excellent res­ of the wretched conditions inside the rifles used by the assault force dis­ humiliating posture was not enough ponse to commands." Governor Nel- prison, its main fire was concentrated charged "dumdum" or expanding bul­ on the brutality and mayhem comit­ lets. These bullets have a soft nose ted by the 1,000 state police officers, that flattens on contact, tearing large national guardsmen, and prison holes in the flesh of victims. They guards who crushed the rebellion Sept. have been outlawed in international 13. warfare by the Geneva Convention. "That day tore from those guards Also in use were lethal shotgun the shreds of their humanity. For the shells containing from 9 to 12 pellets first time I understood what had hap­ the size .38-caliber slugs, known as pened at Mylai," testified Dr. John "0-0 buckshot." In addition, the as­ Cudmore April 27 to the nine-member sault force fired one-ounce shotgun commission, which was chosen by fl.ve slugs, ordinarily used for massive. state judges at the request of Gov­ shocking power such as reducing ce­ ernor Rockefeller. Dr. Cudmore, a sur­ ment walls to rubble! Commission geon who is a major in the national investigators, not the state, provided guard,· was describing the scene in the testimony on the shells and bul­ "D" yard where more than 1,200 in­ lets. mates were being "pacified" by the as­ A glimpse of the brutality was cap­ sault force. One out of 11 people in tured in the first ·public showing of the yard were struck by bullets. Of a state police film of the Attica as­ the 130 people hit, 29 inmates and sault. Although no part of the force 10 guard-hostages were killed. was shown firing,during the four-min­ Dr. Cudmore and other national ute barrage in which more than 400 guard medical personnel who testified rounds of ammunition were expended, described how the subdued rebels were the beatings afterwards were clearly repeatedly beaten- after surrender­ depicted. by the assault force. There were sev­ The film demonstrates that the rebel­ eral instances in which wounded in­ lion was crushed along the lines of mates on stretchers were snatched up "shoot first and ask questions later." by guards and savagely beaten. Without warning, a helicopter swoops Even upon arr~val at the prison into view over "D" yard and lets loose hospital, the wounded were not safe. dense clouds- of tear gas. The "ground Attica aftermath. Photos were released by state commission on Attica. There the inmates were subjected to attack" follows. Only then does an­ a steady flow of obscenities from the other helicopter take to the air, with so the assault force" began beating son Rockefeller said to the commission mouth nf the prison doctor, who told a voice announcing over a loud­ and kicking the prisoners. A number in private testimony April 5, "I am the medical personnel in reference to speaker, "Put your hands on your of prisoners were told to strip naked. satisified that these men [police and one of the wounded, "Don't treat him" heads, do not hurt the hostages- sur­ In light of these disclosures, how nation guard], in their best judgment, because "he should have died in the render to an officer and you will not do state officials v'iew the work of used what they thought was necessary yard." be harmed." the assault force? According to the Continued on paoe 22 Black Dems retreat on Palestine stand By TONY THOMAS mon denominators of Democratic and elected by the Gary convention to rat­ a Palestinian "mini-state" in the ter­ The·basic demand raised by the var­ Republican politicians. ify and modify proposals passed at ritories seized by Israel since 1967, ious organizations of the Palestinian The resolution on Palestine has been the convention. Hart's letter read, in leaving the rest of Palestine to the liberation struggle is for a democrat­ attacked by the Congressional Black part, "as black elected officials we can­ Zionists. The Palestinian resistance ic, secular Palestine in which all cit­ Caucus and by Mayor Richard Hatch­ not possibly permit this resolution to has labeled these proposals as "Pal­ izens, including Palestinian Arabs and er of Gary. Recently, Democratic May­ emanate from our convention.... estinostans"- no different from the Israeli Jews, would have equal po­ or William S. Hart of East Orange, We must stand by Israel, a democratic Bantustans set up by the South Afri­ litical,- economic, and cultural rights. N.J., a vice-chairman of the National society in a sea of military dictator­ can regime. This demand poses a grave danger Caucus of Black Elected Officials, de­ ships." The Palestinian people are op­ to the imperialist rulers of the United manded that the resolution be rescind- Still another result of the pressure pressed as a nation by the Israeli set­ States since it implies the destruction of Democratic Party. supporters on the tler state. This state was grafted onto of the current Israeli state and could Black liberation movement was an­ the national homeland of the Pales­ be accomplished only through the nounced at a meeting of the Black tinians with the aid of British and massive mobilization of the Palestin­ Political Convention's steering commit­ American imperialists. This laid the ian and other Arab- peoples in revo­ tee on March 28. This gathering re­ basis for the 1967 Israeli seizure of lutionary struggle. scinded the original resolution and those parts of Palestine they didn't substituted one that did not support get in 1948 (the West Bank area near -­ It was a significant gain for the the demand for a democratic Palestine; the Jordan River and the Gaza strip Palestinian liberation struggle and its The new resolution, quoted in the along the Mediterranean Sea), as well supporters in the United States when April 15 .African World (a Pan-Afri­ as the Sinai Peninsula area of Egypt the National Black Political Conven­ canist newspaper published by the and the Golan Heights area of Syria. tion, held in Gary, Ind., March 10- Student Organization for Black Unity Hundreds of thousands of Palestin­ 12, took a clear position in favor - SOBU), condemns "Israel for her ians were exiled by the Zionists in of these Palestinian demands. The res­ expansionist policy" since the 1967 1948, confined to refugee camps in olution on Palestine passed at that Arab-Israeli war, but does not call many cases. Those Arab Palestinians convention demanded that "the state for Palestinian control of Palestine, who remained in Israel suffered sec­ of Israel be dismantled, and negotia­ including pre-1967 Israel. ond-class citizenship politically, cul­ tions be entered into with the freely Though the new resolution talks turally, and economically. Now these chosen representatives of the Palestin­ about Palestinian "self-determination," same problems are faced by the Pales­ ians to establish a secular state based it indicates what it means by talking tinians of the West Bank and the Gaza on the historical right of the Pales­ only about the areas seized since Strip as well. tinian people for self-government in 1967. Unlike the- original resolution, The National Black Political Con­ their own land." This resolution also Mayor Richard Hatcher of Gary, it makes no comment on U.S. po­ vention passed its resolution on Pal­ called for an immediate end to U.S. Ind., is among Black Democrats litical, military, and economic sup­ estine in support of the Palestinian "economic and. military support to the who attacked Black convention res- port to Israel. The aim of this "re­ demands because it supported the de­ Israeli regime." . olution on Palestine. vised" resolution is to appear to be mands of all of the Palestinian peo­ Since its passage, the resolution has in favor of the Palestinian struggle ple. For the steering committee to take been subject to attacks from Bla·ck - ed. Hart is running for the Demo­ while opening the door for Democrat­ a stand accepting the right of Israel Democratic politicians who were at cratic nomination in New Jersey's ic politicians, ·such as Mayor Hart to exist ·as it does- even within its the Black Political Convention. The lOth C. D. He is supported by Imamu and the Congressional Black Caucus, pre-1967 borders- is -to condone the source of these attacks is the fact that Amiri Barak a ( LeRoi Jon~s), who to support their party's position on basic forms of the oppression of the the Democratic Party is controlled by was one of the convenors of the Na­ Israel. Palestinian people. the imperialist forces that profit both tional Black Political Convention. This position is almost identical to Afro-Americans, struggling for free­ from the oppression of Afro-Ameri­ Hart's statement was sent to Black the one adopted by the United Na­ doni from their owp. national oppres­ cans in this country and from the elected officials. Its aim is to get a tionl Security Council in November sion, should take a clear position in Zionist oppression of the Palestinians. reversal of the resolution at the May 1967, with U.S. support, and to the favor of the national liberation move­ Support to Israel is one of the com- 19 meeting of a steering committee various U. S.-backed plans to set up ments of all oppressed nationalities.

16 Black actions build support for May 27 By JOHN HAWKINS Rosie Douglas of the ALDCC-!n To- Foote is the recipient of the import- campuses in the South to help build NEW YORK, May 9..;.Plans for the ronto. ed ore as well as one of the corpora- the May 27 African Liberation Day May 27 African Liberation Day dem- In Washington, D. C., there ~ill be tions that did intensive lobbying to action. onstrations in Washington, D. C.; San a march and rally. The' march will get the government to lift sanctions Public meetings for the team l!re Francisco, Calif.; Toronto, Ontario; assemble at 9 a.m. in Malcolm X against the racist regime in Rhodesia. planned. Through their speech, en­ and the Caribbean were announced Park, Euclid and 16th Street N. W. Similar demonstrations have· been or- titled-"Africa: 'The Next Vietnam?" they May 8 in Washington, D. C. Owusu It will begin at 11 a.m. and proceed ganized against Union Carbide in hope to not only win support to ·May Sadauki (Howard Fuller), chairman past the South African and Portuguese New York City. 27 but help build protests against the of the national steering committee of embassies, then along Massachusetts In Norfolk,- Va., several hundred escalation of the U.S. war in South- the African Liberation Day Coordinat- Avenqe to the U.S. State Department, demonstrators, mo1;1tly Black, protest- east Asia. ing Committee (ALDCC), outlined de- and end with a rally in the Sylvan ed the April 29 International Azalea The tour includes much of the same tails for the demonstrations during Theater, renamed Lumumba Squa!:e Festival parade. Norfolk is the Su- territory that an Afro-Americans for . a news conference. Joining him were for the day. Speakers will include Ba- preme Allied ·command of the North Jenness and Pulley team covered ear­ Imamu Amiri Baraka (LeRoi Jones) raka, Congressman Charles Diggs '(D- Atlantic Treaty Organization lier this spring. Starting their. fhiee­ of the Congress of African People and Mich.), poet Don L. Lee, and Sadau- (NATO),- and the Festival and pa- w~k tour at Fisk University in Nash­ ' ki. rade were in NATO's honor. Or- ville, Tenn., the team will also visit In Sari Francisco the march will ganizers of the parade, ob_'viously un­ Tougaloo College in Tougaloo, Miss.; assemble at Raymond Kimball Park, aware of the deep resentment their ac­ Southern University in Baton Rouge, renamed DuBois-Savannah Park .for tions would uncover, named as "aza­ La.; several campuses in New Or­ the day, proceed through the Black lea queen" the grandniece of Portu­ leans; and Hampton· Institute in community, and return to the park guese Premier Marcello Caetano, Hampton, Va. The tour ends in Wash­ for a 3 p.m. rally. Scheduled speak­ Maria Teresa Sanchez. Her float in ington, D. C., on May 27. ers include Nelson Johnson, nation­ the parade was singled out for special al chairman of the Student Organiza­ attention: tion for Black Unity (SOB U); Ahgela The demonstrators, chanting"NATO Davis; the Reverend Charles Koen of must go!" "NATO out of Africa!" and the Cairo, lll., United Front; and Con­ "Mozambique will be -free!" gave the gressman Ron Dellums (D-Calif. ). "queen" somewhat less than a royal bemonstrations and rallies are also welcome, heaping trash, bottles,- and slated for Toronto and the Caribbean stories upon her float and forcing the islands· of Antigua, Jamaica, Domin­ frightened ·"queen" to abdicate under ica, and Grenada. There may be,ac­ cover of police protection. tions in the east African nation of The all-Black Booker T. Washing­ Tanzania as well. ton High School band, forced by Local building actions· are planned school authorities to participate in the in several cities. In New York City • parade, registered their opposition to rallies on several campuses will take the farce by refusing to play for the place May 10-12. In addition,. many dignitaries assembled on the review- Black student organizations will make -ing stand. · building May 27 the focus of activities City officials, embarrassed and dis­ Photo from Third World on May 19 commemorating the birth­ March 20 press conference an­ mayed ·at the protests, have vowed day of Malcolm X. to prosecute those involved. rfouncing African Liberation Day. Moreover, protests continue over the Owusu Sadaukai at microphone. recent importation of Rhodesian MAY 9..:.... The Soeialist Workers Party Reverend Doug Moore of D. C. chrome ore. Students at Lincoln Uni­ 1972 National Campaign Committee Mozambique freedom fighter. Phc>- _ Black United Front on left. Ericka versity in Pennsylvania den'lonstra:ted announced May 4 that a team of Afro­ tograph by Robert Van. Lierop, a Huggins of Black Panther Party on April 19 outside the headquarters of American supporters of the campaign Black photo-journalist who visited right. the Foote Mineral Co. in Exton, Pa. will conduct a tour of Black college liberated areas last fall. iLa Raza en AccicSn! CHICANO MOVEMENT MAKES IMPACT IN in East Los Angeles on Aug. 29, 1970. The major area, strikes are little problem; turnover and ab- · MEXICO: As recently as three years ago, many Mexican dailies carried banner headline stories senteeism amazingly low.... " The huge unem­ Mexican citizens looked upon Chicanos as those on the struggle that ensued, and for several weeks ployment and consequent competition for available who preferred to live with the gringo rather than the newspapers and magazines were filled with page jobs allows these companies to exact tremendous with their own people. Today, however, La Raza after- page of news oil the plight of the Chicano production quotas from workers. Companies re­ living in the U.S._ has a new image. A March 5 people. That major confrontation between the Chi­ port productivity levels 20 percent to 40 percent article in the Houston Chronicle datelined Mexico cano community of East L.A. and the capitalist higher than in the U.S. Jim McCoy, manager of the <:;tty states, "Chicanos are now 'in' in Mexico City. power stro.1cture ·of Los Angeles catapulted the op­ Electronic Control Corporation's Mexican- plant, in­ _Rock 'ri' roll stations advertise 'the best in the pressive conditions under which Chicanos live to dicated the extept of speedup when he told Business Chicano wave.' Boutiques advertise 'Chicano international recognition. This recognition is bring­ Week, "We hit up to 4,000 units a day per girl in styles' and newspapers run front page headlines ing about greater interest on the part of Meil:ican Matamoros [Mexico], compared with 2,500 a day when Chicanos make. big news in the Unit~d States." revolutionaries in the plight of their brothers and in our plant in Eules, Tex." sisters here in Aztlan. Returns on investments are also impressive fOr The article points out that the Chicano move­ these capifalists. The Los Angeles-based Olga Com­ ment "is bringing subtle changes into Mexico- a RUNAWAY U.S. INDUSTRIES EXPLOIT MEX­ pany, which makes foundation garments, reported new way_oflooking at 'la raza' not only ln Mexico ICAN WORKERS: While government officials de­ a profit of $500,000 on an investment of only but in all of Latin America." This has resulted cry the influx of mexicano workers as a cause $40,000 in Mexico over a three-and-a-half; year in part from the increasing number of Chicano of job loss for U.S. workers, another movement­ period. activists who are visiting Mexico in search of their the transporting of entire factories into Mexico­ cultural roots. has apparently escaped the sensitive moral instincts Mario Cantu, owner of Mario's Resturant in of these same capitalist politicians. San Antonio, Texas, and a Raza Unida Party Over the past six years, U.S. corporations have supporter, recently visited Mexico. "We hav~ been built 280 plants- employing up, to 1,8QO work­ culturally oppressed;" he is quoted as saying. "We ers-along a 1,856-mile-long and 12-mile-deep bor­ have lost a great deal of 'our traditions.... You der zone designated. by the Mexican government can't win on the political arena without a sense of for foreign industries, especially those of the- U. S. your roots, which in our case includes the Mexican What attracts these corporations to Mexico? Low 0 culture and language." He pointedoutthatChicanos taxes and cheap labor. The Jan. 22 Business Week "•., "have to move as a force, as a group with a single described the arrangement. "Like similar U. S. oper­ identification.... We don't want to assimilate. A ations in the Far East, the border plants import people excluded from the system for a long time U.S. materials and components duty free, employ Runaway U. 5. industries profit from exploita­ ceases trying to participate. Besides, if even those low-cost labor to assemble them, and ship the tion of Mexican labor in border zone. people who have been inside the system don't products back, paying a duty only on the value think it is any good-and the majority of the added." According to estimates by the U.S. em­ That these same capitalists shed crocodile tears U.S. youth doesn't-then why should we want bassy. in Mexico City, U.S. corporations employed and protest that "illegal aliens" are taking jobs­ to join it?" 40,000 Mexican workers last year, 80 percent away from "the good Mexican-Amerlcan people" The appearance in Mexico of theatrical group.s of whom were women between the ages of 16 .and and other U.S. workers is only testimony to their' such as the California-based Teatro Campesino 24. Electronics companies account for about 40 hypocrisy. The real cause of growing unemploy­ has helped give Mexico a better picture of who percent of the plants; garment apparel accounts ment in the United States is not due to workers, the Chica:f!O people are and what the Chicano strug­ for· another 30 percent. One of the largest fac­ whether they are with or without visas. It is due gle is about.. But the single most important factor tories; however, is owned by Mattei and produces to the - capitalist system of production for profit in changing the attitudes of Mexicans toward La "Barbie" dolls. and the resulting periodic layoffs by corporations Raza in the U.S. was the National Chicano Mora­ Relocating in Mexico has many advantages. in the interest of maximizing those profits no mat­ torium and the events following the brutal police Business Week points out that "With government­ ter what the cost ~n human suffering. assault on that massive antiwar action of 30,000 dominated unions and high unemployment in ·the . ' -ANTONIO CAMEJO

THE MILITANT/ MAY 19, 1972 17 Argentine socialists, on kidnapping The two articles on this page present comes from a leader like Peron, who of leadership- concretely by the CGT's the position of the Argentine Socialist still has great influence in the working rejection of a fighting approach and Party headed by Juan Carlos Coral class, makes it doubly dangerous. Peron's appeal to support the GAN Fiat and on the recent kidnapping of Italian All the traitorous leaderships have (alias "Citizens"' front)-the recent ac­ industrialist Oberdan Sallustro by the used the same argument to justify their tions by armed groups in no way ERP (Ejercito Revolucionario del - big sellouts. for example, when the constitute a correct alternative for the Sallustro We have little to add to the charg­ Pueblo- People's Revolutionary Ar­ Communist Party or watered-down so­ masses. And there is a basic reason es leveled against Sallustro by the my) •. Under the title "Neither Per6n•s cialists3 called for· supportto the Demo­ for this: Instead of clearly calling for ERP. The whole hypocritical cam­ restraints nor isolated guerrilla action cratic Union,4 they did it in the name the organization and mobilization of paign of the government, the -For a fighting program and a so­ of the most heart-felt demands of the the masses against the real dangers­ church, the Peronist leaders, and cialist pole," they appeared in the people and by invoking their moral the government's strategy and the other political parties cannot hide March 29 issue of Avanzad~;t So­ authority over the masses. treacherous bureaucrats- they persist cialhda. This is the newly launched the undeniable facts. In the same way, when this old "left" in the erroneous view that the make­ weekly newspaper of the Argentine So­ Sallustro, as a Fiat executive, called for support to the right-wing shift action of a small armed van­ cialist Party, following the estab.llsh­ is responsible for the persecution, military coup in 1955, which clamped guard, isolated from the workers and ment of a working agreement with the firing, and jailing of the best work­ down on the trade unions and turned Partido Revolucionario de los Tra­ their struggles as a whole, can rep­ er activists who were fighting for the country over to the monopolies, 5 bajadores (La Verdad). resent the workers and win their goals. the exploited workers' "bread and they did so in the name of trade­ For example, the nationalist, or Per­ dignity." He is responsible for forc­ The first echoes of Peron's order union democracy and anti-imperial­ ing men and women, sweating for onist, guerrillas of the Montoneros, to the CGT [Gonfederacion General de ism. Fiat's millions- in profits, to -work by attacking the headquarters of the los Trabajadores - General Confed­ Because of these experience~, Peron's under the muzzles of police and New Force, the stronghoJd of the anti­ eration of Workers] to cease using instructions (backed up by his trade- army rifles. He is responsible for nationalist and antiworker monopoly posting in the Fiat plant the troops interests, have greatly missed giving who mowed down the militants who the masses a clear picture of the real sought to take up the task of de­ trap, GAN, in which Alsogaray's fending the workers. party [New Force}, plays a minimal The great "humanitarian" cam­ role be<;ause it has no influence among paign in defense of Sallustro now workers. being carried on by the regime Such actions not only sow confusion cannot hide the open use of police as 'to who is the immediate enemy, in the service of the exploiters, in they also fail to provide the workers this case a voracious international with a political instrument with which monopoly that starves workers in to ".e.onfront the major bourgeois par­ half the world. ties and the New Force itself. · But the workers' real enemy is The saine analysis is applicable to not a Sallustro, who can easily the kidnapping ofSallustro. Even when be replaced by Fiat The real en­ the socialist guerrillas of the ERP de­ emy is the capitalist and monop­ mand the rehiring of the fired Fiat olist system and the government workers and a billion pesos to indem­ of the monopolies. It will not be nify "the people," experience teaches us possible to defeat them through that the bosses will in a few weeks isolated actions; that can be don:e, be able to regain their money with only by the joint mobilization of, interest through the simple expedient the workers and the people. of a speedup. They can also soon turn vidual is sy~bolic of all the Argen­ around and once again fire the mili­ tine fighters. tants that give the bosses trouble. Of course we want to win the release Unless the workers as a whole learn of all hostages of the regime as to defend themselves through different quickly as possible-some 3,000 ( ac­ means from those indicated by the cording to figures we cannot readily guerrillas, such will be the case. verify). In face of this situation we In this sense the. experience gained must continue to tell the masses that from the kidnapping of Sylvester, 7 the task of freeing our 3,000 comrades the manager of Swifl', is quite reveal­ from the jails will require a massive ing. The meat-packing company mobilization as part of a fighting agreed to the demands, but within a program of the workers and popu­ short time the bureaucracy won. the lar masses. trade-union elections and the bosses In this area also we cannot expect reestablished, intensified, and ex­ miraculous solutions. Only by orga­ panded all the vicious norms of ex­ nizing and mobilizing, circumventing ploitation. The reason they could get away with traps laid by the bureaucracy and the it is quite simple: As long as there bourgeoisie, will we be able to free is no organized, tested vanguard in­ the prisoners and return them to our side the Swift plant- or Fiat- capable class so that they can continue their of mobilizing the entire work force fight against the exploiters. behind it on a continuing basis (as The guerrilla actio,Ps have performed has begun to be done in many places the service of clearly showing the close with Fiat head d' Agnelli and Argentine by the newly arising vanguard), there brotherhood formed by the Argentine President Lanusse {r). Below: workers on roof of Fiat factory. Sign reads is nothing and no one to block the bourgeoisie with its armed forces, its 'Long live the workers of Fiat.' boss-bureaucrat combination. religious leaders, its press, and its propaganda apparatus, in order to class:struggle methods had barely died union agefits, the CGT- bureaucrats, The worst result is that a worker advance the perfidious governmental down when two guerrilla groups took posed in the sharpest way the ~eep at Swift or Fiat might mistakenly ex­ scheme. Now they have come up with direct actions that have resulted, so leadership crisis in which the Argen­ pect that he can oyercome his enemy a new and macabre argument to help far, in the death of Uzall and the tine workers are caught. through the providential intercession the GAN: the exploitation of the grief young _member of the Montoneros, These workers are sup.er-exploited of some armed group instead of by of the Uzal and Sallustro families. Rossi,2 and the kidnapping of Sallus­ by a government that serves the in­ his own daily activities. What we say In their condemnation of violence and tro, manager of the Argentine division ternational monopolies and giant cor­ for one factory or for trade-union de­ their propagandistic utilization of its of Fiat. porations. They are being dragged mands applies even more to the po­ victims, Peron, C11 ggiano, 9 and the There~ is an obvious relation be­ into the electoral trap of the GAN6 litical struggle against the bourgeoisie government display calculated self­ tween the order to slow down the [Great National Accord] by their and imperialism: As long as the van­ interest and hypocrisy that must be class struggle and the guerrilla actions. leaders. guard is not solidly organized into a denounced before the masses. Emanating from polar opposites, with This crisis of leadership is all the mass revolutionary party, it is im­ Argentine socialists sympathize with utterly different objectives and even more evident in view of the fact that possible to defeat the bourgeoisie. all who suffer and do not wish grief with opposing impact on the workers, throughout the country, in factories, Even: the ERP's demand thatthegov­ to any family. But we declare that they are comparable in one decisive offices, schools, and universities, new ernment free 50 imprisoned guerrillas the · main cause of all the tragedies aspect: They each offer a false per­ leaderships are appearing that are not indicates a wrong approach. Our that stir human sympathy lies in the spective to the Argentine masses. willing to capitulate and that are con­ party consistently fights with all its bloody system of exploitation of man Peron's order is an appeal to the ducting battles by the thousand, threat­ strength to free all political and class­ by man, which. converts some into workers to stop their struggles and give ening the plans of the government, struggle prisoners, including and es­ exploiters and police, and others­ a blank check to the oppressive mil­ the bourgeoisie, and the Peronist pecially, the guerrillas. That is why we the exploited- into victims. itary dictatorship and its political-elec­ bureaucracy to stifle the mass struggle. have made the demand for Comrade We declare, at the same time, that toral scheme. That this "tactic" is pre­ Santucho's 8 freedom a regular part the rebellion of the oppressed com­ sented as an intelligent way to achieve Guerrilla war: false alternative of our public propaganda. In our opin­ pels them and will continue to com­ the goals of the masses, and that it In the vacuum formed by the crisis ion, Comrade Santucho as an indi- pel them to employ violent means.

18 Still no word ol Chinese -

We declare that this is the painful price that must be paid in order to .initiate a new era for humanity. Trotskyists .in Mao's Jails Meanwhile, the political exploitation The following statement. was issued years under Mao. He is now about tung province. In 1925 he became of personal suffering is motivated at by the United Secretariat of the Fourth seventy-two. secretary of tiie Shanghai regional bottom by class interests. The many International April 16. It is reprinted committee 'in which Chen Pi-Ian was who filed before the house of Uzal from the May 8 issue of Interconti­ Chiang Tseng-tung. As a worker­ also a member. or Sallustro did not -file before the nental Press. communist, this comrade had a lead­ Took part in the 1925-27 revolu­ bier of the youthful militant Rossi, ing activist role in the Shanghai la­ tion as a leading CCP activist in the nor the others who have been Since December 1952-January bor movement. · He took part in the central China provinc~ of Anhwei, executed, persecuted, kidnapped, and 1953, when they were arrested in the general strike and uprising in that tortured by the police, nor have they People's Republ-ic of China, a num­ city in 1925, continuing his work as expressed anguish for -the thousands ber of Chinese Trotskyists have been a proletarian revolutionist under the of trage~~s befalling those who en­ held without trial. Kuomintang dictatorship and, as a dure grinding daily poverty. Their incarceration without trial is Trotskyist, upholding the banner of For a fighting program completely illegal. According to Ar­ the Fourth International. He was ar­ ticle 87 of the Constitution of the Peo­ rested in the sweep by Mao's police The armed action road subscribed ple's Republic of China, "Citizens of to by the Montoneros and ERP is ip. December 1952. If alive, he is now the People's Republic of China enjoy about sixty-two years old. the wrong way of confronting the ex­ freedom of speech, freedom of the ploiterS'; it does not educate nor help Chou Jen-sen. A revolutionary in­ press, freedom of assembly, freedom tellectual. A teacher by profession, he the working class. of association, freedom of procession, It follows that our opposition to the taught in middle school (high school). and freedom of demonstration. The Arrested by Mao's police in the Fu­ methods ofthe Montoneros and the ERP state guarantees to citizens enjoyment is not based on a class difference, for kien port city of Amoy. Is believed of these freedoms by providing the imprisoned in Shanghai. we have a common enemy, imperial­ necessary material facilities." ism, the government, the bourgeoisie, Ho Chi-sen. Student leader in Pe­ Among these political prisoners are king in early 1920s and joined the and the bureaucracy; our opposition the following: is political, it is opposition to the CCP shortly after its formation. Dur­ Chen Chao-lin. A founding member ing· the Northern Expedition of the false path they ask the workers ·to of both the Chinese Communist party follow. Kwangtung revolutionary army that Mao Tsetung. His bureaucratic re­ (CCP) and the Chinese Trotskyist set out from Canton to wrest the coun­ gime has jailed revolutionists and The Argentine Socialist Party invites movement, he was born in 1901. He all the compaiieros, especially the try from the grip of reactionary. war­ denied freedom of political expres­ worked in Paris with Chou En-lai and lords (1925-27), he played a leading worker, youth, and student leaders, Chen Yi (the late minister of defense sion. to think over these two paths that, role in revolutionary activity, together of the Chinese People's Republic) at with Mao Tsetung, first in Wuhan, where he was born. Embraced each from a different angle, have been the end of World War I, and after offered to them in recent days- the later in Hunan province. After Chiang Trotsky's ideas in 1929 and worked the Bolshevik revolution went to Mos­ Kai-shek's counterrevolutionary coup to unify the four Trotskyist groups path of Peron, with his appeal to cow where he studied at the Commu­ suspend the struggle, and the path at Shanghai in April 1927, Ho worked then in existence. nist University of the Toilers of the Arrested by the Kuomintang police of the guerrilla groups, who insist in the underground to revive the pros­ East. Chen returned to China in 1925 trate CCP. · in 1932, he spent two years in prison. on carrying out actions isolated and to work in the Central Committee of separated from the mass mobilizations In 1929, following the lead of Chen Released in 1934, he was later re­ the CCP. Having become proficient Tu-hsiu, he became convinced of the arrested and again set free shortly and struggles. in English, French, German, and Rus­ We believe that with careful thought falsity of the CCP's Moscow-dictated before .the outbreak of the Sino-Japa­ sian, he translated Communist text­ political line and became a Trotsky­ nese war in 1937. During the war one fact will emerge as a certainty: books into Chinese and engaged in Neither of these two paths offers an· ist. He represented the "Prol~tarians," years he worked among students. the training of revolutionary cadres one of four Trotskyist groups that After Japan's surrender, Ying Kwan economic or political way out for the of the youth. During the high tide masses. fused in 1931 to form the Comm u­ resumed political work in Shanghai of the 1925-27 revolution, he played nist League of China. The unified or­ and continued after the Communist On the other hand, the Argentine an important part in party work in workers themselves have already given ganization became the Chinese section take-over until his arrest by Mao's the Wuhan area. police. If still alive, he is about sev­ the proper answer. The memory is of the Fourth International when it Following the defeat of the revolu­ enty-two years old. No word of him still fresh of the Cordobazo, 10 wp.ich was formally launched in 1938. tion, Chen became. a 'Trotskyist. Ar­ has reached the outer world. contains all the keys to what must rested by the Kuomintang police, he In poor health when his old col­ be done. The Argentine Socialist Party was sentenced to fifteen years in pris­ league Mao had him put behind bars, These are only a few of the Trotsky­ calls upon everyone to gain inspira­ on. With the onset of the Sino-Japanese Ho is now about seventy-five years ists held as political prisoners in Chi­ tion from the Cordobazo and through war in 1937, he was released, having of age, if still alive. Nothing has been na. In addition to the veterans of a Rank and File Congress of the CGT years. Chen spent most heard of him for many years. There the movement, many of the younger to confront the bureaucratic union lead­ the next few is' reason to fear that he may have Trotskyists were seized. Some were ers and demand a real program of died in a forced-labor camp .. sentenced to hard labor for terms struggle for the workers and popu­ Ling Hwer-hua. This veteran of the ranging from five to' ten years. It lar masses; for an increase in sala­ revolutionary struggle was 4 member may be that some have been released, ries, against the inflation and unem­ of the executive committee of the Print­ but the . circumstances remain un­ ployment, and for the release of the ers Union of Canton when arrested known. political prisoners. by Mao's police at the end of 1952. In addition, members of the fam­ At the same time the Argentine So­ He was sent to Wuhan with other ilies of these political prisoners were cialist Party urges all the worker and Trotskyists arrested in the "Southwest­ likewise arrested, to disappear from socialist forces to unite in a pole of ern Administrative Area" and sen­ public knowledge. political opposition, to forge the tool tenced to work in a hard-labor camp necessary to challenge the GAN and for an indefinite term. If alive, he is The Mao regime should be pressed lead the struggle towards a govern­ over fifty years old. No word of him to provide information on the fate ment of the workers and the popular has reached the outside world. of _these political prisoners. A,re they masses and toward a socialist Argen­ still living? Have some of them been Ling Sun-chi. A lecturer at Sun Yat­ tina. submitted to secret trials? What crimes sen University in Canton. Arrested or infractions of the law were they 1. Mario Roberto Uzal, a leader of the by Mao's police some time in 1953, charged with? New Force, a party headed by a for­ after the mass roundup at the pre­ mer minister of economy, Alvaro Also­ The secretiveness surrounding their vious year-end. There has been no garay. Uzal was fatally wounded Man;h incarceration does not speak well for word of his fate. 18 when commandos of the Montoneros, the way in which the constitution is a Peronist guerrilla group, raided his Wang Kuo-lung. A middle-school observed in China. On the contrary, home. He died two days later. teacher like Chou Jen-sen, Wang was Chen Chao-lin, imprisoned Chi­ it indicates that they were im_prisoned 2. Jorge Guillermo Rossi, 22, was killed arrested in Wenchow (Chekiang prov­ in the raid on Uzal's home. nese Trotskyist leader. Photo be­ in flagrant violation of a constitution ince) during the big roundup and is 3. The right-wing socialists who favor a lieved to have been taken in 1941. that "guarantees" the right of free believed to be imprisoned in Shang­ bloc with sectors of the capitalist class. speech. If this were not the case, why 4. A capitalist party. hai. 5. "Monopolies" usually refers to foreign translating the works of Trotsky into hasn't the government granted them corporations. Chinese. With Japan's surrender in Ying Kwan. Was With Chou En­ a public trial? 6. GAN is the plan of the military dic­ 1945, he edited a semimonthly mag­ lai as a student in France in 1920. Demand that the Mao government tatorship to gain nationwide support for azine, The New Banner, until it was In 1923 was ~ctive in the branch respect rights guaranteed in the con­ its program for "class peace." proscribed by the Kuomintang. of the Chinese Socialist Youth in stitution! Demand the observance of 7. Sylvest~r was kidnapped by the ERP on May 23, 1971. When the People's Liberation army France together with Chen Yi and proletarian democracy in China! De­ 8. Santucho is a leader of the ERP and took the city, some of the Trotskyists Li Fu-chwang (a member of the Po­ mand the release of the Chinese of the Partido Revolucionario de los Tra­ left for Hong Kong to continue politi­ litical Bureau of the CCP), serving Trotskyists! bajadores ( Combatiente ). -We ask all the organizations that 9. Caggiano is a cardinal in the Cath­ cal activity from the outside. Chen and as chairman of. the Planning Com­ olic Church who was inv(}lved in attempt­ others remained in Shanghai, contin­ mission. He also served as secretary have defended the People's Republic ing to settle a strike. uing their work until they were ar­ of the Chinese Socialist party organi- · of China against its foes, that have 10. Cordobazo refers to the mass upris­ rested. Chen has lived as a political zation in Europe. Later in the year supported the Chinese revolution, to ing that took place in C6rdoba in May prisoner for twenty-seven years­ he went to study in Moscow. In 1924 take a stand on this issue to help of 1969: seven years under Chiang, twenty he was the CCP secretary for Shan- break the wall of silence.

THE MILITANT/ MAY 19, 1972 19 In Review' Theater Books sists, "Our melons will become our gravestones." Action on the stage comes to involve 'Massacre at Derry' the audience in the scene of a com­ Massacre at Derry. Compiled by, quite obviously a planned .operation. munity meeting called to debate how the Northern Ireland Civil Rights It is well to remember that by North­ the Japanese-American community ern standards the troops had had a will respond to Executive Order 9066. Association. Distributed in the Unit­ relatively easy day. The main part (This order led to the "relocation" of ed States by the National Asso­ of the massive demonstration had been more than 100,000 people into the ciation for Irish Freedom. 48 pp. well marshalled and peaceful. Those camps.) The actors spread themselves paper $1. 1972. that confronted the troops at the army among the audience so that we all barricades were effectively repulsed by appear to be participating in the mo­ CS gas and water ca{mons. The army mentou& debate. The recent release of the repOTt of the swoop into the bogside was not part A ringing climax to the play comes British government's inquiry into the of their normal role in repelling the as Murakami is brutally struck down events of "Bloody Sunday" makes the crowd or halting the march. That job and killed by self-appointed vigilantes publication of Massacre at Derry parti­ had already been completed.... " as the family prepares to leave for cularly timely. " ... two important points should be the camps. On Sunday, Jan. 3<;), British para­ noted. The first is that, while the para-· As the audience files out of the the­ troopers shot dead 13 men in Derry, troopers may be a brulal lot of men, ater, the white-masked soldiers, sta- · Northern Ireland, in the massacre that they are not undisciplined. They would tioned at the exit, hand everyone a became known as "Bloody Sunday." not have opened ·fire in Derry last copy of the "Instructions To All Cit­ · The shooting came near the end of Sunday, if they had not been ordered izens of Japanese Ancestry" issued by a civil rights march of about 30,000. to so so. The second is that the whole the U. S. Army May .3, 1942. British paratroopers, in combat dress action took placewhilethe Commander A short play, There Is No Place and carrying rifles, attacked the dem­ of the Land Forces in the North, Gen­ for a Tired Ghost, precedes Gold onstrators as the mass rally began. eral Robert Ford, was actually on the Watch. Taking place "somewhere be­ The British army claimed that its spot. . . . - tween here and .heaven," it presents troops fired only "at seen gunmen and "Quite obviously the shooting :was a a fantasy discussion between different nail bombers" and that a nail-bomb calculated, punitive, retaliation." members of the Japanese-American attack as well as "a total of well over The treatment meted out to the Derry community, reflecting on their lives, 200 rounds~ were aimed at the sol­ marchers sharply contrasts with that the camps, and the meaning of the diers (New York Times, Jan. 31). accqrded to the right-wing Unionists, holocaust that has swept them up. But no soldiers were wounded, none who are permitted to carry out de­ It was written and directed by Mako, of the hundr~ds of pictures taken have monstrations without military or po­ star of Gold Watch. discloseQ. the presence of anybody lice interference. The Inner City Cultural Center pro­ armed with guns or nail bombs, and Massacre at Derry tells what hap­ vides the audience with the publica­ literally hundreds of witnesses have pened when the "secu~ity forces" did tion Inner City: Here and Now, which testified to the unprovoked attack by intervene. Most of the material in it includes essays on the politics of the the army on that day. In attempting consists of statements of participant~ Japanese-American community and on to defend its case in the inquiry set up in the march or of other witnesses ·to the m'ass media's racist stereotyping by the British government following the shootings. This eyewitness testi­ of Asians-from Fl:CManchu through the outcry over the massacre, the army mony, which to my knowledge is col­ Charlie. Chan and the most recent was forced to rely ..almost wholly on lected in no other source, gives an ink­ Gold Watch by Momoko lko. Inner movies alfd TV programs. the testimony of British soldiers and ling of what it must have been like in City Cultural Center, Los Angeles, Playwright Momoko Iko was born officials of theNorthern Ireland gov­ Derry on January 30. Statement after through May 28. in the state of Washington in 1940. ernment, against which marchers were statement mentions people running, She spent the years 1942 to 1945 protesting. crawling, trying somehow to getaway. An extraordinary theatrical event is in Heart Mountain Concentration The British army was forced to adc Many detail incidents in which people in store for viewers of Gold Watch, Camp in Wyoming. A full-time author mit th~t none of the 13 men it had were shot while waving white hand- Momoko Iko's phiy about a Japan­ and critic,. she has written two novels killed were suspected of being mem­ . kerchiefs, with their hands in the -air, ese-American family at the time of and another play, and is editor of bers of the .. illegal Irish Republican or while trying to help others. America's entry into World War II. the newsletter of the Asian Liberation Army, although it had earlier claimed Massacre at Derry would be val­ On entering the theater from the Front. that {our of the 13 had been on its uable if it only contained the eyewit­ bustling streets of 1972· Los Angeles, -WALTER LIPPMANN wanted list. (New York Times, March ness statements, which are so convinc­ one is immediately swept back to the 14.) ing in their unanimity and detail. prewar era, surrounded by posters, No arms were found with the 13 However, it also includes sections on photographs, and a juke box playing dead or with any of the nine people the aims and policies of the NICRA, popular music of the period. who were wounded. The report of Lord the Northern Ireland Civil Rights The play unfolds in the home of Widgery, the Lord Chief Justice of Association, and some useful mate­ Masaru Murakami, a truck farmer ·England, who conducted the inquiry rial from the press. One announce­ and in many ways a typically Amer- into the killings, concluded that"none ment, printe9 in a number of North­ . icanized immigrant. His radio is tuned of the deceased or wounded is proved ern Ireland newspapers on the day of to Amos 'n' Andy. The family dec­ to have been shot whilst handling a the Derry march, concerned the can­ orates its Christmas tree just like any firearm, or bomb." cellation of a Unionist rally planned other American family. Despite these facts, Lord Widgery, a for the same time and place ai the But Murakami, powerfully por­ former lieutenant-cplonel in the Royal NICRA rally. The Reverend James trayed by, understudy Clyde Kusatsu Artillery and a brigadier general in McClelland, vice-president of the Lon­ when I saw the play, is atypical as the Territorial Army, exonerated the donderry Democratic Unionist Associ­ well. He speaks out bluntly, directly, paratroopers and the British military ation, which had planned the coun­ without evasions. A self-made man, command from all blame in the Derry . ter-demonstration, is quoted as say­ he came to America by choice. He massacre. With the calm and self-righ­ ing, "We were approached by the Gov­ has no· illusions about the aggressive teous hypocrisy developed over the cen­ vernment and given assurances that designs of the Japanese or any other turies by the English ruling class, Wid­ the Civil Rights march will be halted­ government. "All governments lie," he gery pontificates that "There would by force if necessary. says. . have been no deaths in Londonderry "We believe wholesale riot and blood­ Throughout the play a pair of white­ on January 30 if those who, had or­ shed could be the result of the Civil masked soldiers direct the continuous ganized the illegal march had not Rights activities tomorrow and we movement of sets about the stage, si­ thereby created a highly dangerous would be held respon.sible if our rally lently, inexorably. situation in which a clash between de­ takes place. We have appealed to all Murakami argues with everyone on monstrators and the security forces . loyalists to stay out of the city centre how to deal with the sea of racist was almost inevitable." tomorrow." ,hatred threatening to engulf the en­ As usual, the blame is placed not The publishers of Massacre at Derry tire Japanese-American community. on social injustice and its d.efenders extended their appreciation to District One suggests returning to Japan to but upon those struggling against in­ Council 37, American Federation of ' help force China to "respect Japan's justice. State, County and Municipal Employ­ territorial integrity." The bitter reaction among the Cath­ ees, AFL-CIO, for helping to prod¥ce The church and the reformist Japan­ olic mj.nority in Northern Ireland to the book. · · ese American Citizens League (JACL) the Widgery whitewash was to be ex­ The book deserves wide circulation. counsel support of America's war pected. Even the most moderate know It· will be a powerful aid in discredit­ aims, including acceptance without re­ well where the responsibUity for the ing .the British government and in sistance of their own internment in savage massacre on "Bloody Sunday" · building support for the struggle in the concentration camps . set up by lies. As the Feb. 4 issue of the mod­ Ireland. Copies can be ordered from the U.S. government as part of the erate bi-weekly Hibernia, published in the National Association for Irish Free­ "war for democracy against fascism." Dublin points out: dom, 799 Broadway, New York, N.Y. To them· Murakami· responds, "The "The most significant factor in the 10003. vultures ~ill eat well." If no one re- army's Derry conduct is that it was -DAVE FRANKEL

20 ~.,f .. ewsoaoer ~guild president rln reply ... I'd like to thank President Perlik for his corrections concerning my story on the Field Enterprise papers' fight for the voice in the product proposals. criticizes Mlitant storv At the tiine that I filed the story, the The following letter from Charles A. I refer principally to its description Spaulding's next statement that the information concerning the status of Perli.k Jr., president of The Newspaper of the procedures followed in placing "Contracts Committee subsequently ap­ the proposals was drawn from an Gulld, AFL-CIO, is in response to an before the Chicago Sunpapers man­ proved the demands." It was the In­ article in the February issue of The article in the March 10 Militant en- agements the proposals described in ternational Executive Board (which 'Newspaper Guild Memo, the local's titled "Working reporters begin to rad- Spaulding's article. includes two members of the Contracts monthly publication. The article points icalize." In this article our reporter, First of all, the Guild's Contracts Committee, I might add) that ap­ out that while the voice in the product John Spaulding, discusses new de- Committee did not reject the new de­ roved the demands. This inaccuracy proposals had been approved, The mands that are being made by work- m~nds, as Spaulding writes. It ·in­ is immediately followed by another Newspaper Guild's approval on the ing reporters for greater control over formed the Chicago Newspaper Guild, one: "it (the Contracts Committee) "option to buy" proposals had been editorial and other policies of their as the constitution of The Newspaper turned down two other proposals put "withheld." My mistake was substitut­ newspapers. Guild contemplates it should do, that forth by the Local." ing "rejected" for "withheld."- President Perlik's letter of April 18 the demands were far-reaching enough Subsequent checking with the Chi­ is followed by -a reply from John to warrant a decision by the full Inter­ The fact is that when the proposals cago representative who traveled to Spaulding. national Executive Board as to their were placed before the International Washington verified that the "option Both letters refer to d~mands pro- inclusion in the Chicago proposals. Executive Board, a Chicago Local to buy" demands had been withdrawn, posed by the Chicago local of the The Contracts Committee'sviewwas, representative was there to explain and this fact, along with the reasons Gulld for their new contract being ne- and has been and will remain so long and defend them. It was the Chicago for the withdrawal, had been reported gotiated with .Field Enterprises, owner as the policy of the Guild is as it is, Guild's representative-- who withdrew back to the rank and file. of the Chicago Sun-Times and the that no loC!J-1, nor· the Contracts Com- _ the proposals regarding ownership of I would like to take issue, .however, Chicago Daily News. These demands mittee, nor. even the International Ex­ the publications and neither the Con­ with President Perlik's statement that were for one-third representation of ecutive Board in the most extreme tracts Committee nor the International my article -on the fight for the voice editorial employees on all editodal cases, has the authority to commit Executive Board disapproved those proposals "is going to hamper and boards with the right to publish dis- the Guild and all of its resources to proposals. They were not placed on hinder, not advance, that effort." The senting editorials and union veto pow~ achieve a demand which does not the bargaining table in Chicago be­ main thrust of the article was an anal­ er over department heads. The "op- have popular and majority support cause the spokesman for Chicago de­ ysis- of the demands, their importance tion to buy" demand referred to was among the membership. Since the cided they should not be. to the reporters in the newsroom, and that Guild members have first optioJ;J. Chicago proposals rested clearly in To the extent working newspaper the conditions. that caused the de­ to buy if their newspaper was to be this unsettled area, the Contracts Com­ people are going to be able to de­ mands to be put forth. sold, and that if no Guild member -. mittee' s decision was not to reject the velop and exercise a voice in the jour­ The article was greeted with enthu­ wished to buy, the Guild would have demands proposed, buf to advise the milist product being sold on the news­ siasm by the staffs of both the Chi­ veto power over sale to an unaccept- Chicago Local- that the authority of stands of America today, they will cago Daily News and the Chicago able publisher. the International Executive Board have to rely upon the unified strength Sun-Times, and copies of the article would have to be placed behind them of The Newspaper Guild to give col­ were posted on the Guild's bulletin To the editor of The Militant: before made, and as a consequence lective bargaining weight and muscle boards in the shop. Your story by John Spaulding head­ the Chicago Local was not authorized to their demands. Inaccurate reports · I take note of the needed correc­ lined "Working Reporters Begin to Rad­ to make the proposals in advance of of what the Guild is doing in this area, tions but do not believe that these icalize" contai~s exactly the kind of that authorization by the International such as that carried in ·The Militant, ·minor inaccuracies detracted from the inaccurate reporting which is going Executive Board. The Contracts Com­ is going to hamper and hind,er, not central thrust of the story, which is to make much more difficult TheNews- mittee invited the Chicago Guild to advance, that effort. that reporters are demanding a say paper Guild's effort to obtain a voice present its case fo.c the demands to the Sincerely yours, in what is printed in their newspapers. in the content of the productofthemod- International Executive Board. Charles A Perlik, Jr:. John Spa'ulding ·- ern press. The foregoing makes inac~urate President ' ~ The National Line THE COAL BARONS' GOVERNMENT has won Picket between· Tony Boyle and Albert Pass." (New York challenged. Judge Bryant found that evidence of another round in its legal battles against the United "wrongdoings by Boyle and other incumbents was Times, May 4.) Both Pass and Prater have al- Mine Workers Union ( UMW). W. A. Boyle, presi­ 'too strong to resist."' He ordered a new election. ready been arrested. · dent of the union, is the ostensible target, but The court, however, refused to take action on How has the Boyle-Lewis machine managed to the actual bulls'-eye the government is aiming other charges: the refusal to allow Yablonski get such a stranglehold on this once militant union? for is the union itself. · forces into balloting places as poll watchers; the ·The UMW was born in struggle between the Ap­ There can be no doubt in anyone's mind that exclusion of opposition campaigners from meet­ palachian miners and the Iron and Coal _rolice, this union needs a thorough housecleaning. But ings of local un1ons; and the removal of Y_ablon­ the army the coal operators organized to stop it is the task of the rank and fJ.le of any union ski from the national executive board "as a direct unionization in the coal fields. Hundreds of miners to do that job. Such a task can only be accom­ reprisal for his running against Boyle." and company cops died during the fight, which­ plished with a program for genuine union democ­ On Match 31 a federal jury found Boyle guilty lasted many years. But fmally the union won and racy and a leadership dedicated to that end. Un­ of misusing union funds-making direct contribti" the UMW was born. John L. Lewis became pres­ fortunately, neither component exists in the UMW tions from the union tteasury to political cam­ ident in 1918 and held that post until he resigned .today. Nor can one be built overnight. paigns. Use of union funds for such purposes in 1960. An interim caretaker, Thomas Kennedy, Let's look at the last four legal maneuvers, three is illegal under the Corrupt Practices Act. Boyle served for three years while Lewis decided between of which have already been won by government plans an appeal of this criminal cQnviction, which his-two chief lieutenants___, W. A. Boyle and Joseph prosecutors. carries with it not only a 32-year prison term Yablonski. Lewis decided Boyle was closest to his On May 1, Federal Judge William B. Bryant and a $120,000 fine but also-excludes Boyle from own image and Boyle was elected president with­ set aside the 1969 election in which Boyle defeat­ holding a union office for fiye years. out opposition in 1963. ed Joseph Yablonski. This was the first time in Boyle and Co. lost their trrst case in 1970 when Lewis was a contradictory figure-a man who many y~ars that an incumbent leader had been a damage suit for $75-million wa~ brought against fought the bosses and their government for the all of the trustees of the health and pension fund miners with one hand while he used the o~her and against the union-owned National Bank of to keep a tight rein on his own membership. From Washington, D. C. This suit .was brought by the the time Lewis gained control in 1918 until today, Disabled Miners and Widows AssociaJion. As a democracy· for the membership has not existed. result, Boyle was forced to resign as a trustee Boyle learned his lessons from Lewis well. His of ·the fund, as was Josephine Roche (a life-long absolute control of the union can be seen in the friend of John L. Lewis). In addition, .union pen­ following: sion funds were taken out of non-interest bear­ There are 24 districts within the international. ing National Bank checking accounts and dis­ Of these, only four are completely autonomous, tributed among several other banks in interest two .are semiautonomous, and 18 are under trus­ bearing savings accounts or investments. The court teeships. In a district under trusteeship, the mem­ has ruled that the pension fund must be re­ bers have only one right-to pay dues. They imbursed. cannot elect their own officials or control their The latest, and ·still conjectural, move against own money. Boyle himself came on May 3 when Silous Hud­ 'In addition, unlike most unions, UMW mem­ delston, president of a small Tennessee UMW local bers on pension retain their voting and speak­ and on trial in the Yablonski murders, changed ing rights. Nearly half of the union's 200,000 his pl-ea to guilty. In a 25-page confession, Hud­ members are pensioners. These old miners know dleston named a UMW international executive that if they dare speak out against Boyle or vote board member, Albert Pass, and a field represen­ against him, they may lose both their pensions tative, William Prater, as two of the original con­ and their medical-care cards. There aren't many spirators. He did not· name Boyle but said he issues on which union members can vote, but was sure the money came from the union. some minor items still remain about which they Government prosecutors immediately announced can register their preferences. The pensioners al­ that they have "certain information that the fund most always support whatever Boyle proposes. Mine Workers president Tony Boyle (the murder money) was set up at a conference - Conf~nued on poge 22

THE MILITANT/ MAY 19, 1972 21 3 p.m.: How Stuclents·Can Change Society. Speaker: Uie realities of fighting Nixon for the . was released afi.d is alit building a Lisa Potash, organizer of Seattle Young Socialist Al­ center, but this will not be easy." defense campaign, since eventually the liance. lr p.m.: SOCIALIST WORKERS CAMPAIGN RAL­ LY. Featured speaker: Debby Leonard, feminist and It will not be easy because many all-white and rural Wyoming County Socialist Workers Party candidate for governor of of his supporters will refuse to water grand jury now meeting will hand Texas, speaking _on Socialist Strategy _for 1972. down their positions. While McGov­ down indictments in connection with Admission: $3 for ·u of Wash. students for entire ern is being "practical," and adjusting the prison rebellion. Clark, ·and many weekend, $) lor h.s. students, and $5 for- all others, or 75c per session. Ausp. Young Soci~lists for Jen­ to "the realities of 'fighting Nixon for of the men in HB Z, expect to be on ness and Pulley, Young Socialist Alliance. the center," many of his supporters the receiving end of these charges. Calendar will consider supporting the Socialist The fact that the McKay Commis­ SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA NORTHERN CALIFORNIA Workers Party ticket of Linda Jenness sion was not able to give these men MARXIST RADIO COMMENTARY. Listen to T_heodore and · Andrew Pulley- the campaign enough assurances about ·protecting CAMPAIGN CONFERENCE: FOR A SOCIALIST AMER­ Edwards, spokesman for_ the Socialist Workers Party, ICA. May 19-2-1. on his weP.kly IS-minute radio program, II :15 a,;,, that gives its wholehearted, active sup­ their testimony points up a serious Frj., May 19. 8 p.m.: Women's Liberation and So­ every Wednesday, KPFK-FM, 90.7. port to the antiwar movement, to flaw in the commission. Its connection cialism. Speaker: Debby Leonard, Socialist Workers' women's right to abortion, and to with the state places a question mark Party candidate far governor of Texas. TWIN CITIES . Sat., May 20. I 0:30 a.m.: The Significance of AJ. amn~sty for draft resisters and de­ in many people's minds about its WAR AND REV~LunON IN VIETNAM. Speaker: Greg rican -Liberation Day. Speakers: Representatives from Guckenberg, national committee member of the Young serters. work, for despite the intentions of the African Liberation Day Coordinating Committee, and Socialist Alliance. Fri., May 19, 8 p.m. I University commission's nine members, theywill Ken Miliner, Socialist Workers Party candidate for the Ave. N. E., Minneapolis. Donation: \.1, h.s. students not be able to serve up a "full and 7th C. D. I :30 p.m.: Two Views of the 1972 Elections. SOc. Ausp. Twin Cities Socialist Forum. For more in­ impartial" report. ' Speakers: Alvin Duslcin,. ecologist, and Susan Vas~. formation, call (612) 332-7781. ... Attica Socialist Workers Party candidate lor the 5th C. D. Continued frof'!l page J6 Their limitations only underline 3:30 p.m.: The New Stage in Vietnam and the Com­ to minimize lives- to minimize the loss again the need for an investigation ing American Revolution. Speaker: Peter Camejo, na­ 6f lives- and to save to the maximum by an independent body, constituted tional chairman of SWP. Campaign Committee. 7:30 degree possible the security and well­ by the -Black and Puerto Rican com­ p.m.: Party. 9 p.m.: Film: To Make a Revolution. Party ... strike and film at 3536 Telegraph Ave., Oakland. Continued from page 8 being of the hostages and the pris­ munities, to disclose and educate the · Sun., May 21. Picnic at Redwood Park, Oakland. to Rican communities, and rallies held oners." public about what really. happened Debby Leonard's talk will be at the University YWCA, on the campus but publicized in the Rockefeller's testimony is of partic­ at Attica, mincing no words about 2600 Bancroft, Berkeley. Admission: $), All other ses­ entire community are some of the ular significance. In· the first place who were the victims and who were s.:.ns at Pauley Ballroom, U. C. Berkeley, 75c each many action~ that can help win broad session. Ausp. Young Socialists for. Jenness and Pulley. he refused to testify in public. And .the criminals. For more information, call 658-6205 (Oakland) or support for effective struggle. his testimony wasn't released until B64-5056 (S. F.). Such activities can lead to strength­ April' 30. But more than this, Rocke- · ening our base on the university and feller tries to paint himself as the "ci­ ... Boyle . PORRAND, ORE. lay the groundw-ork for transforming SOCIALIST ACTIVIST WEEKEND. May 19-20. vilian political personality" who lett Continued from page 21 Fri., May 19. 7:30 p.m.: Revolutionary Prospects the university from an agent of the the assault plan to the "professionals Boyle himself, like Lewis before him, in 1972. Speaker: Peter Camejo, national chairman warmakers into an antiwar univer­ in the State Police." Thus, every effort conducts man-to-man contract nego­ of Socialist Workers Party '72 Campaign. sity, where the entire resources of the is made to give the impression that tiations with whoever happens to be Sat., May 20. I p.m.: Women's Liberation in '72. institution are turned over to building he did not play a crucial role in sup­ president of the Bituminous Coal Op­ Speaker: Debby Leonard, Socialist Workers Party can­ a movement that can end the war in didate. for .governor of Texas. 3 p.m.: McGovern vs. pressing the revolt. erators Association at contract time. Jenness. Speakers: John ·Wolfe, Oregon McGovern Indochina. Nonetheless, it was Rockefeller who The membership takes whatever Boyle coo~dinator; and Djbby Leonard. 6:30 p.m.: GALA Thirteen people have been arrested gave.the order to crush it. And when offers (or gives away). CAMPAIGN BANQUET with Oregon socialist candi­ and many others have been threat­ he speaks of leaving it to the "profes­ Lewis's record for swift retaliation dates. ened with arrest or suspension during sionals," what he is actually saying against local unions is too extensive For aU sessions, $2. For banquet, $3. Room 3V, the course of the strike activities at Smith Memorial Center, Portland State University. is that he gave the police a blank to go into here. But Boyle learned Ausp. Y()ung Socialists for Jenness and Pulley, Young Columbia. It is now important that check. that lesson too. He is quick to ex­ Socialist Alliance, and Militant Bookstore. For more everyone come to the· defense of these The McKay Commission, headed by pel individuals or whole locals for information, call (503) 226-2715. people against the attacks by the state Robert McKay, dean of the New York violating his dictates. Once a mem­ of New York and the possible attacks University Law School, will issue its ber is expelled, he is also blackballed In Portland, Ore., May 23, write in Philip Hardy for by the university. Even though there mayor of Portland and John Linder for Board of Edu­ final report in June. It will be based from the industry. are political and tactical differences, cation, Position No. I. Nonpartisan positions endorsed on the hearings, which were televised, No ·one denies that the UMW lead­ by the Socialist Workers Party. Vote 'No" on ballot we must stand united in defense of and the more than 3,000 interviews ership has to be cleaned out. But it measure No. 21 -Tax the war profiteers, not the work­ those who have come under attack. ers. for an antiwar Portland, for a socialist America . that the commission obtained_ with in­ will take far more than what the mates. guards, state officials, and Miners for Democracy, a dissident SEA mE others connected with the Attica prison . caucus in the union, offers. This or- SOCIALIST ACnVIST CONFERENCE. May 19-20. HUB rebellion. ganiz_ation hails as a victory every Building, University of Washington. _ ... McGov But, this report will not contain a Fri., May IIJ. B p.m.: The Gary Convention and Continued from page 15. legal battle the coal operators and Black Liberation. Speaker: Ken Miliner, who attended ·on McGIIlvern in his May 5 column: most important piece of testimony­ the government win against Boyle Gary Black Political Convention. "It should be noted thai, whatever that of tlre · inmates who acted as , and Co. What they fail to recognize Sat., May 20. I 0 a.m.: How to Make a Revolution George McGovern proposes, he is no spokesmen and leaders after the rebel­ is that government intervention in the in the U.S. Speaker: Peter Camejo, author of Is Chile zealot but a very hard-minded prac­ lion spontaneously broke out. Most internal affairs of any union can only Going Socialist? and How To Make a Revolution in if the U.S. I" p.m.: Should Biology be Women's Des­ tical politician, and he gets the nom­ of them, about 80, are in Housing mean the changing of one set of 'tiny? Speaker: Helen Meyers, coordinator for Wash­ ination by being definite and even Block Z-solitary confinement- at. dictators for another. ington Women's Natio~al AborHon Action Coalition. radical·, he will 'no doubt adjust to Attica. One of them, Richard X Clark, -MARVEL SCHOLL

_ DireCtory J ALABAMA: Tuscaloosa: YSA, c/o Richard Rathers, P.O. Box 5377, Uni- INDIANA: Bloomington: YSA, c/o Student Activities Desk, Indiana Uni- St.), Eighth Floor, New York, N.Y. I 0003. Tel: SWP, YSA- (212) 9B2- versity of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Ala. 35406. ver'sity, Bloomington, Ind. 47401. 6051; M'erit Books- (212) 9B2-5940. ARIZONA: Phoenix: YSA, P. 0. Box 750, Tempe, Ariz. B5001. Tel: (602) Gary: c/o CariWTight, 123 W. Indiana, Chesterton, Ind. -46304. Upper West Side: SWP and YSA, 2744 Broadway j106th St.), New 968-5738. · KENTUCKY: Lexington: YSA, P.O. Box 952, University Station, Laxing- York, N.Y.. I 0075. Tel: (212) 663-3000. Tucson: YSA, 410 N. 4th Ave., Tucson, Ariz. 85705. l • ton, Ky. -40506. · OHIO: Cincinnati: YSA, c/o C. R. Mills, P. 0. Box 32804, Cincinnati, CALIFORNIA: Berkeley-Oakland: SWP and YSA, 3536 Telegraph Ave., LOUISIANA: Bolon 'Rouge: YSA, c/o Craig Biggio, P.O. Box 18250, Ohio-45232. Oakland, Calif. 94609. Tel: (415) 65-4-972B. Balon Rouge, la. 70B03. Tel: (504f 388-1517. Cleveland: SWP ar1d YSA, 4420 Superior Ave., Cleveland, Ohio 44103. Claremont: YSA, c/o Andrea Weissberg, 247 Oberlin Ave., Clare- MARYLAND: College Park: YSA, University P.O. Box 73, U of'Md., Tel: (216) 391-5553. mont, Calif. 91711. Tel: (714) 62-4-2294. College Park, Md. 2074~. · Columbus: YSA, 1612 Summit St. (side entrance), Columbus, Ohio Los Angeles: SWP and YSA, 1107 1/2 N. Western Ave., los Angeles, -43201. Tel: -(614) 299-2942. - Calif. 90029. Tel: SWP-(213) 463-1917, YSA-(213) -463-1966.­ MASSACHUSETTS: Amherst: YSA, Box 324, Student Activities Office, Yellow -5prings; YSA, Antioch College Union, Yellow Springs; Ohio Riverside: YSA, c/o Don Andrews, 3408 Florida, Riverside, Calif. 92507 Campus Center, U of Mass., Amherst, Mass .. OI002. · 45387. Sacramento: YSA, c/o Bob Secor, 3702 T St., Sacramento, Calif. 95B15. Boston: SWP and YSA, c/o Militant Labor Forum, 655 Atlantic Ave., OREGON: Eugene: YSA, c/o Dave Hough, 1216 1/2 Lincoln, Eugene, . Son Diego: YSA, P.O. Box 15186, Son Diego, Calif. 92115. Third Floor, Boston, Mass. 02111. Tel: SWP-(617f 482-8050, YSA­ Ore. 97-401. Son Francisco: SWP, YSA, Militant Labor Forum, and .Pioneer Books, (617) 4B2-8051-; Issues and' Activists Speakers Bureau (IASB) and Re­ Portland:- SWP and YSA, .208 S. W. Stark, Room 201, Portland, Ore. 233B· Market St., San Francisco, Calif. 94114. Tel: (415) 626-9958. gional Committee-(617) 482-8052; and Pathfinder Books-(617) 338- 97204. Tel: (503) 226-2715. ·Son Jose: YSA, c/o Greta Schiller, 685 Manker *4, San Jose, Calif. 8560. 95128. Tel: (-408) 275-8-453. Worcester: YSA, c/o Andy Farrand, Box -456, Clark U, Worcester, Mass. PENNSYLVANIA: Edinboro: YSA, c/o John Sajewski, Edinboro State _Son Mateo: YSA, c/o Ann Hyink, 344 Barneson Ave., San Mateo, Calif. 01610. Socialist Workers Campaign '72,"P.O. Box 97, Webster Sq. Sta., College, Edinboro, Po. 16412. 9-4402. Worcester, Mass. 01603. Philadelphia: SWP and YS:A, 1004 filbert St. (one block north of Mar­ Santa Barbara: YSA, Box 14126, UCSB, Santa Barbara, Calif. 93107. MICHIGAN: Ann Arbor: YSA, P.O. Box 408~'AnnArbor, Mich. 48107. ke~, Philadelphia, Po. 19107. Tel: (215) WAS-4316. Te~ (805)968-40B6. Detroit: SWP, YSA, Eugene V. Debs Hall, 3737 Woodward Ave., De­ RHODE ISLAND: Kingston: YSA, c/o Stan Max, Kingston Inn, Room COLORADO: Boulder: YSA, c/o Jim Sarsgard, 1020 Kent St., *114, troit, Mich.48201. Tel: (313) TEI-6135. 210, 1320 Kingston Road, Kingston, R.I. 02B81. Tel: (401) 783-7855. Boulder, Colo. B0302. Tel: (303) 443-9923. East Lansing: YSA, P. 0. Box 14, East Lansing, Mich. 48823. Providence: YSA, P. 0. Box 117, Annex Sta., Providence, R.I. 02901. Denver: SWP, YSA a'iid Militant Bookstore, 1203 California, Denver,. MI. Pleasant: YSA, c/o Rich Ropers, 401 W. Maple, Mt. Pleasant, Mich. Militant Bookstore: 88 Benevolent St. Tel: (-401) 331-1480 Colo. 80204. Tel: (303) 623-2325. Bookstore open Mon-Sot., I 0:30 a.m.- 48858. TENNESSEE: Knoxville: YSA, c/o Keith Harris, P.O. Box 8402, Uni­ 7p.m. MINNESOTA: Minneapoli,..St. Paul: SWP, YSA and Labor Bookstore, versity Sta., Knoxville, Tenn. 37916. CONNECTICUT: Hartford: YSA, c/o Randy Erb, 114 Huntington St., I University N. E. (at E. Hennepin) Second Floor, Mpls. 55413. Tel: (612) Nashville: YSA, c/o Elizabeth Lariscy, 1214 17th Ave. S., Nashville, Hartford, Conn. 06105. 332-7781. Tenn. 37201. Tel: (615) 292-8B27. New Haven: YSA and Socialist Workers '72 Campaign, P.O. Box IB5, MISSOURI: Kansas City: YSA, i:/o Student Activities Office, U of Mis­ TEXAS: ·Austin: swp· and YSA, P.O. Box 5586, West Austin Station, New Haven, Conn. 06501. souri at Kansas City, 5100 RockhilfRoad, Kansas City, Mo. 64110. Austin, Texas 7B703. Tel: (512) 478-8602. Bookstore: 611 West 29th. FLORIDA: Miami: YSA, c/o Murray Baker, BOO W. 47th St., Miarfli NEW HAMPSHIRE: Portsmouth: YSA, P~O. Box 479, Durham, N.H. Houston: SWP and YSA and Pathfinder Books, 6409 Lyons Ave., Hous­ Beach, Fla. 33140. 0382-•C ton, Texas 77020. Tel: (713) 67-4-0612. Tallahassee: YSA, c/o Bill Boyd, 514 N. Brc:mough, Tallahassee, Fla.· NEW JERSEY: New Brunswick: YSA,. c/o LPO 12149, Livingston Col­ Lub.,.;ck: YSA; Box 5090, Tech. Sta., Lubbock, Texas 79409. Tel: (806) 32301. lege, New Brunswick, N.J. 08903. 747-6842. Tampa: Socialist Workers Campaign '72 c/a David Maynard, P.O. Wayne: YSA, c/o Clyde Magarelli, William-Paterson College of N.J., San Antonio: YSA, c/o P.O. Box 774, San Antonio, Texas 78202. Box 702,4100 Fletcher Ave., Tampa, Fla. 33612. 300 Pompton Rd., Wayne, N.J. 07470. VERMONT: Burlington: YSA, c/o John Franco, 306 Chittenden Hall, GEORGIA: Atlanta: Militant Bookstore, 68 Peachtree St., Third Floor, NEW MEXICO: Albuquerque: YSA, c/.; Vivian Abeles, 3807 Thaxton U of Vermont, Burlington, Vt. 05401. SWP and YSA, P.O. Box 846, Atlanta, Ga. 30301. Tel: (404) 523-0610. S. E., Albuquerque, N.M. B710B. Tel: (505) 268-1541. WASHINGTON, D.C.: SWP and YSA, 7-46 9th St. N. W., Second Floor, ILLINOIS: Carbondale: YSA, c/o John Center, 1-407 Schnider Hall, NEW YORK: Binghamton: YSA, Box 1073, Harpur College, Bingham­ Wash., D.C. 20001. Tel: (202) 783-2363. Bush Towers, Carbondale, Ill. 62901. Tel: (618) 453-5882. ton, N.Y. 13901. Tel: (607) 798-4142. WASHINOJON: Pullman: YSA, c/o Dean W. Johnson, 406 E. McKen­ Chicago: SWP, YSA and bookstore, 180 N. Wacker Dr., Room 310, Brooklyn: SWP and YSA, 136 Lawrence St. (at Willoughby), Brook­ zie, Pullman, Wash. 99163. , Chicago, Ill. 60606. Tel: SWP-(312) 641-0147, YSA-(312) 641-0233. lyn, N.Y. 11201. Tel: (212) 596-2849. Seaitle: Militant Bookstore, 5257 University Way N.E., Seattle, Wash. DeKalb: YSA, c/o Student Activities Center, Northern Illinois U, De­ New York City-City-wide SWP and YSA, 706 Broadway (4th St.), 981 05. Hrs. II a. m.-8 p. m., Mon.-Sat. Tel: (206) 523-2555. Kalb, Ill. 6011). Tel: (815) 753-0510 (day); (815) 758-2935 (night). Eighth Floor, New York, N.Y. 10003. Tel: (212) 260-0976. WISCONSIN: Madison: YSA, c/o Mary Jo Vogel, 411 W. Gorham Macomb: YSA, c/o Lynn Llyod, 809 Corbin, Macomb, Ill. 61.-455. Lower Manhattan: SWP, YSA and Meri.t Bookstore, 706 Broadway (4th St., Madison, Wis. 53703. Tel: (608) 256-1693. ·

22 ' . MAYt970= · ,HELP CHANGE Birth· of the Antiwar University A collection of articles documenting the May 1970 student strike against the --~. THE WORLD! war in Southeast Asia. Includes leaflets and eyewitness accounts written by the strikers. $1.05. · · JOIN THE ~athfinder Press, 410 West St., New York, N.Y. 10014. YOUNG Leon ~[ffi Trotsll~ SOCIALIST [i)~l:)~[!JYWI) on the ALLIANCE bY &errv FoleY Labor The Young Socialist Alliance is a revolutionary organization of &DC activists in the antiwar,. women's liberation, student, and the Black Part~ and Chicano nationalist movements. A total transformation of Including interviews with Cathal Goulding, chief of staff, IRA; and society and the construction of socialism are what the YSA is Tomas MacGiolla, president, Sinn in the U.S. fighting for. If you want to work_!or revolutionary change, join Fein. the YSA. · . , Pathfinder Press, Inc., 410 West ••• soeents ( ) I would like more information about the YSA. Pathfinder Press, 410 West Street, Street, New York, N.Y. 10014 ( ) I want to join the YSA. New Yorlc, N.Y. JOOJ4 ( ) Enclosed is $1.25 for a copy of Young Socialist strategy for '72 (a pamphlet containing the reports and resolutions from the eleventh national YSA convention). ------~ame ______Address ______

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~arne ______Oampaign Rally Saturday, May 20, 8 p.m. ------Address ______Speakers: DEBBY LEONARD, Socialist Workers Party candidate for· governor of Texas; CRAIG HONTS, SWP candidate for City State Zip....___ _ U.S. Congress, lst C. D.; JOANN CORMIER, SWP candidate The Militant, 14 Charles Lane, ~ew York, ~. Y~ 10014. for attorney general; DOUG SWANSON, SWP candidate for governor of Washington; JUDY MOSCHETTO, SWP candidate for U.S. Congress, 7th C. D. Calendar and classified ad rates: 75 College Room, University Towers Hotel, 4507 Brooklyn, · N. E .. cents per line of 56-charader-wide typ• . Admission: $1.60, h.s. students 76c. Ausp. Young Socialists written copy. Display ad rates: $10 per for .. Jenness and Pulley, Young Socialist Alliance, and Socialist column .inch ($7.50 if camera-ready ad Workers _Campaign Committee. For further information, call is enclosed). Payment must be i.ncluded ~206) LA3-2566. with ads. The Militant is published each week on Friday. Deadlines for ad copy: Friday, one week preceding publication, for classified and display ads; Wednes­ day noon, two days preceding publica­ 'Av 8EAETE Vel El08E 'EVfHlEPO<; Intercontinental Press tion, for calendar ads. Telephone: (212) P. 0. Box 116, Village Station 243-6392. Tfl<; KQTQOTQOEW<; New York, N.Y. 10014

The Guardian and the West ornv LEJ\J\a6a, Side Militant Forum present Name______Nixon's trip to China: 'EyypacpETTE ouv6pO!JflTr)<; OT6 Defeat for imperialism Address. ______or threat to world City.______revolution 7 Intercontinental Press State ______Zip_ A debate between Jack Smith of you want to keep up with the ten in straight-forward English, issued I the Guardian and Dick Roberts •zsJLLutLuu•n in Greece, subscribe to Inter­ on a weekly basis (except during Au- I of the Militant Pres~" urges one of our gust and the Christmas holidays). 1 / Friday, May 19,8:00 pm in that country. I ( ) ·Enclosed is $7.50 for six months. 902 Schermerhorn Hall. Columbia Un1vers1ty Annette T. Rubenstein: Chairwoman don't need to know Greek to Fill. out the subscription blank and ( ) Enclosed is $15 for one year. Intercontinental Press. It's writ- mail it in with check. ( ) Please send a copy. Sl.OO donat1on. 50c high school students

THE MILITANT/ MAY 19, 1972 23 THE MILITANT PayBd. cuts E.Ooast dockers wages By ED HARRIS straight-time. ILA members in South Soviet Union and Eastern European cents an hour to 42 cents, the union SAN FRANCISCO, May 9- The 6-to- Atlantic and Gulf ports get less. The countries- which the ILA has refused proposed to the shipowners that the 1 decision by the government Pay negotiated settlement, allowing for a to do in the past-in exchange for ap­ deleted 30 cents be placed in escrow, Board yesterday to cut the negotiated 70-cent hourly increase the first year proval of the new agreement as nego­ to be paid to each man when the wage increase for East Coast long­ and 40 cents more in each of the tiated between union and manage­ Pay Board ceased operations. The Pa­ shoremen from about 12 percent to second and third years of a three-year ment. cific Maritime Association checked this 9.8 percent was another sharp blow settlement, was widely publicized as a This seemed more plausible when out with the Pay Board's lawyers, against the right to collective bargain" 12.1 percent first-year wage hike­ the Pay Board on May 4 suddenly who said no, that is illegal. in g. far exceeding the 5. 5 percent Pay cancelled an announcement on the The dissenting vote was cast by Board guidelines. ILA wage settlement following a meet­ The ILWU then sued the Pay Board. Teamsters President Frank Fitzsim­ The Pay Board cut the negotiated ing between Fitzsimmons and Presi­ A San Francisco federal judge ruled mons, the only remaining labor mem­ 70-cent first-year raise to 55 ~ents. dent Nixon. in favor of setting up the escrow agree­ ber of the board after the other four Arguing for the 70-cent raise before Whatev~r happened at that meeting, ment, subject to future tests in the labor members walked .off in March. the Pay Board, ILA President Thomas however, was of little help to long­ courts. Their walkout was in ~esponse to the W. Gleason had sought to win ap­ shoremen. Involved in negotiations is $20-mil­ board's ruling to slash a negotiated proval of the negotiated settlement by On the West Coast, despite threats lion. The question is, will the workers wage increase for West Coast dock reminding the board that increased to strike if the ILWU's (International get it, or will the shipowners get a workers from 20.6 percent to 14.9 per­ productivity under the new contracts Longshoremen's and Warehousemen's $20-million plum that ·they had al­ cent. Both rulings are part of Nixon's would more than offset the wage in­ Union) negotiated contract were de­ ready figured they could do without attempt to drive down the real wages creases. nied, ILWU President Harry Bridges when they negotiated the contract? of American workers. Some here had thought that a deal did nothing. However, the conflict be­ In the meantime the West Coast The wage scale of the International was in the making between the ILA tween the ILWU and the Pay Board longshoremen and ship clerks continue Longshoremen's Association, an and the Nixon administration ·in­ continues. to work under the terms of the old AFL-CIO affiliate, in the Northeastern volving a tacit agreement by the ILA After the Pay Board cut the ILWU's contract,. which officially ended when Atlantic ports had been $4.75 an hour officialdom to work all ships from the negotiated wage increase from 72 they first struck last July 1, 1Wl. Prosecution to rest case against Davis By MICHAEL SCHREIBER the eyes of the. jury because of ob­ have conflicted with the testimony of home state of Oregon, she wrote, "I SAN JOSE, Calif., May 9- Today vious inconsistencies and the racial previous witnesses that the van was am hoping for this verdict. for all the prosecution embarked op the final Q!'ejudices of its witnesses. not rented until Aug. 6. those anarchists involved. Our nation­ phase of its case against Angela Da­ On May 4 Aldon Fleming ,stated May's bumbling was more than al courts ,_need a verdict like this." vis. The present testimony, which con­ that a "colored man" and a "colored matchedby the next witness, Lois Lei­ Leidig admitted that she was' refer­ cerns Davis' supposed flight from Cal­ girl" had come to his service station dig, whom defense counsel Branton ring to the Davis case in the letter. ifornia after the events of Aug. 7, Aug. 6, 1970, to obtain help for their politely suggested was also not telling 1970, will probably take several days yellow Hertz van, which had stalled the truth. "Don't call me a liar ... At the halfway mark in the trial, to complete. across the street by the Marin County I have a very good visual recall!" the courtroom remains full of spec­ This afternoon Marcia Brewer, a courthouse. Leidig snapped. She went on to give tators, who must arrive around 6:30 ticket agent at the San Francisco air­ Fleming mutely pointed to Davis a description of Jonathan Jackson as . a. m. to assure themselves a seat. San - port, recalled ihat she had sold Da­ in court as the "girl" he had seen that he observed the courtroom trial of Jose will be the site May · 20 of a vis a ticket to Los Angeles Aug. 7, day. Defense attorney Leo Branton James McClain on the day before the rally against war, racism, and repres­ but acknowledged that Davis identi­ referred to the fact that Fleming had Aug. 7 events. · sion, ·cosponsored by the National fied herself openly at the airline win­ assumed that his two customers were Leidig's description of Jackson's United Committee to Free Angela Da­ dow. brother and sister. "Don't you think hair, skin color, clothing, etc., contra­ vis (NUCFAD). The rally is a coun­ that all 'colored people' look alike?" dicted every other witness to the in­ terpart to the one held April 1 in Branton asked softly. Fleming replied cident. Branton told the witness, "I Harrisburg, Pa., at the trial of the that Davis "doesn't have as strong am not so interested in what you have Harrisburg defendants. NUCF AD has or heavy a face as most colored peo­ to say as why you are saying it." asked that people write Judge Richard ple. The ones I have dealt with- their Branton referred to ·a letter Leidig Arnason at Superior Court #1, 190 faces are flatter." Never.theless, when had written Jan. 11, 1971, to a friend West Hadding St., San Jose, Calif., Fleming was asked to identify Davis who is an official court observer. In demanding that bail restrictions on from several photographs he included a reference to the death penalty, which Davis be lifted so that she can speak a photogr_aph of Fania Jordan, ;Da­ had just been abofi,shed in Leidig's at the rally. vis' sister, among his choices. San Quentin lieutenant Robert West, on M<~;y 1, and prison guard Robert Ayres, on May 2, identified Davis as rTbis week's bigbUgbts in" the woman they saw in the prison waiting room while Jonathan Jackson was visiting his brother George on tbe Angela Davis trial Aug. 4 and 5. Neither of the guards, MAY 3. San Quentin guard William rin County Fire Department recog­ however, mentioned Davis by name Twells testifies that he saw a '·'col­ nizes Davis as the woman he saw in their written reports of the incident, ored girl with an Afro haircut" with for 'two or three minutes Aug. 5 at although they testified that by that · Jonathan Jackson in the prison wait­ Fleming's ·service station. time they had learned her identity. ing room Aug. 5, 1970. He identi­ James J. Kinnegan, a security agent fies Angela Davis in court, although for Pacific Telephone Co., presents an Undaunted by the muddled state­ he only saw the "gi.rl" for three or operator's record of a collect call by ments of his previous witnesses, pros­ four seconds. Jonathan Jackson at Fleming's sta­ ecutor Albert Harris brought to the Frank Blumenthal states that he tion to the Hertz rental company in stand yesterday, May 8, Louis "Bob" sold Davis a 12-gauge shotgun on San Francisco. He also testifies that May, an exconvict at San Quentin Aug. 5, 1970. His sole employee, a certain phone number (which the who was given parole last February David Lissen, states that he can iden­ prosecution alleges was found in - three years before his scheduled tify Davis because "I asked for her Jonathan Jackson's pocket after his date. May volunteered that he saw Although Brewer yielded to the om­ autograph." death Aug. 7) is the numb11r of the Davis accompany Jonathan Jackson coin phone in the American Airlines inous contentions of the prosecution to the prison Aug. 3, 4, 5, and 6 -MAY 4. Service station operator Al­ wing of the San Francisco airport. that Davis seemed to be in a great of 1970. However, previous.testimony dan Fleming identifies Davis in court The phone is in a different building hurry, she agreed just as readily when has indicated that Davis did not ar­ as being one of his customers Aug. from the one from which Davis de­ the defense pointed out that the de­ rive in the San Francisco Bay Area 6, 1970. -His son, I_'eter, and an em­ parted on a flight to Los Angeles fendant 'was in a hurry because she until the evening of Aug. 3. ployee; Dennis Bosch, also identify Aug. 7, 1970. was late for her plane. Today May brought his testimony Davis. Peter Fleming says he is "pret­ The prosecution presented what was more in line with that of other wit­ ty sure" about his identification but to have been the core of its conspir­ nesses by saying that he no longer admits that he was unable to identi­ MAY 9. M. K. Batel testifies that a acy case with a tedious display of . believes that it was Davis whom he fy photographs shown him by the person named Jonathan Jackson reg­ witnesses who allegedly saw Davis saw Aug. 6- although, he hesitated, attorney general's office Aug. 17, istered for two people at his motel and Jonathan Jackson together in the "it could have been." May also denied 1970, and again by the grand jury Aug. 6 in San Frantisco, but 'he vicinity of the Marin County Civic a statement that he had made sev­ Nov. 10, 1970. doesn't remember seeing either Jack­ Center in the days preceding Aug. eral moments earlier that he had seen MAY 8. Michael Vonada of the Ma- son or his companion. 7. However, the prosecution's case Jonathan Jackson in a rented Hertz may well have become discredited in van Aug. 5. This statement would

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